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The highly repeated H4 and H3 genes active during early embryogenesis had evolved (in their silent sites) at a rate (0.5-0.6% base changes/Myr) similar to single-copy protein-coding genes and nearly as fast as spacer DNA (0.7% base changes/Myr) and unique DNA. Thus, evolution in the major histone genes conforms to a universal evolutionary clock based on the rate of base sequence change. By contrast, the H4 and H3 coding sequences and a nontranscribed spacer of the DNA clone h19 of Psammechinus miliaris show an exceptionally low rate of sequence evolution only 1/100 to 1/200 that predicted from the clock hypothesis. According to the classical model of gene inheritance, the h19 DNA sequences in the Psammechinus genome require unusual conservation mechanisms by selection at the level of the gene and spacer sequences. An alternative explanation could be recent horizontal gene transfer of a histone gene cluster from the very distantly related Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis to the P. miliaris genome.","publication_date":"1982,,","publication_name":"The EMBO Journal","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"113838921"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"An unusual evolutionary behaviour of a sea urchin histone gene cluster","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [282646366]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div 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data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="101976710" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/101976710/Evolutionary_changes_in_the_chromatin_landscape_contribute_to_reorganization_of_a_developmental_gene_network_during_rapid_life_history_evolution_in_sea_urchins">Evolutionary changes in the chromatin landscape contribute to reorganization of a developmental gene network during rapid life history evolution in sea urchins</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43198246" href="https://duke.academia.edu/GregoryWray">Gregory Wray</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">ABSTRACTChromatin configuration is highly dynamic during embryonic development in animals, exerting an important point of control in transcriptional regulation. Yet there exists remarkably little information about the role of evolutionary changes in chromatin configuration to the evolution of gene expression and organismal traits. Genome-wide assays of chromatin configuration, coupled with whole-genome alignments, can help address this gap in knowledge in several ways. In this study we present a comparative analysis of regulatory element sequences and accessibility throughout embryogenesis in three sea urchin species with divergent life histories: a lecithotroph Heliocidaris erythrogramma, a closely related planktotroph H. tuberculata, and a distantly related planktotroph Lytechinus variegatus. We identified distinct epigenetic and mutational signatures of evolutionary modifications to the function of putative cis-regulatory elements in H. erythrogramma that have accumulated non-uni...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evolutionary changes in the chromatin landscape contribute to reorganization of a developmental gene network during rapid life history evolution in sea urchins","attachmentId":102366666,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/101976710/Evolutionary_changes_in_the_chromatin_landscape_contribute_to_reorganization_of_a_developmental_gene_network_during_rapid_life_history_evolution_in_sea_urchins","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/101976710/Evolutionary_changes_in_the_chromatin_landscape_contribute_to_reorganization_of_a_developmental_gene_network_during_rapid_life_history_evolution_in_sea_urchins"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="73039041" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73039041/Differential_expression_of_early_and_late_embryonic_histone_genes_in_adult_tissues_of_the_sea_urchin_Strongylocentrotus_purpuratus">Differential expression of early and late embryonic histone genes in adult tissues of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34257785" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertMaxson">Robert Maxson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Developmental Biology, 1987</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Differential expression of early and late embryonic histone genes in adult tissues of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus","attachmentId":81719800,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73039041/Differential_expression_of_early_and_late_embryonic_histone_genes_in_adult_tissues_of_the_sea_urchin_Strongylocentrotus_purpuratus","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/73039041/Differential_expression_of_early_and_late_embryonic_histone_genes_in_adult_tissues_of_the_sea_urchin_Strongylocentrotus_purpuratus"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="33729883" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33729883/Monocistronic_transcription_is_the_physiological_mechanism_of_sea_urchin_embryonic_histone_gene_expression">Monocistronic transcription is the physiological mechanism of sea urchin embryonic histone gene expression</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66016075" href="https://unige.academia.edu/AlexandreMauron">Alexandre Mauron</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Molecular and cellular biology, 1981</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We have examined histone gene expression during the early stages of sea urchin embryogenesis. The five histone genes expressed at that time are contained in tandem repetitive segments. It has been suggested that adjacent coding regions and their intervening spacer sequences are transcribed into large polycistronic messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) precursors. We have subcloned into pBR322 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences mapping either in the coding region, the 5&#39; spacer, or the 3&#39; spacer of the H2B histone gene. These clones were used to produce radioiodinated hybridization probes. We measured the steady-state quantity of H2B messenger RNA as well as spacer-specific RNA in the total RNA from embryos taken at various stages of development from fertilization to hatching of blastulae (0 to 22 h post-fertilization). Small amounts of RNA hybridizing to both spacer probes could be found. However, we show that these RNAs form mismatched hybrids with the spacer DNA and therefor...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Monocistronic transcription is the physiological mechanism of sea urchin embryonic histone gene expression","attachmentId":53724666,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33729883/Monocistronic_transcription_is_the_physiological_mechanism_of_sea_urchin_embryonic_histone_gene_expression","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33729883/Monocistronic_transcription_is_the_physiological_mechanism_of_sea_urchin_embryonic_histone_gene_expression"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="18561115" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18561115/Molecular_and_Evolutionary_Analysis_of_Mussel_Histone_Genes_Mytilus_spp_Possible_Evidence_of_an_Orphon_Origin_for_H1_Histone_Genes">Molecular and Evolutionary Analysis of Mussel Histone Genes (Mytilus spp.): Possible Evidence of an "Orphon Origin" for H1 Histone Genes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38598747" href="https://people-environment-udc.academia.edu/JosefinaMendez">Josefina Mendez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Molecular and Evolutionary Analysis of Mussel Histone Genes (Mytilus spp.): Possible Evidence of an \"Orphon Origin\" for H1 Histone Genes","attachmentId":40129383,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18561115/Molecular_and_Evolutionary_Analysis_of_Mussel_Histone_Genes_Mytilus_spp_Possible_Evidence_of_an_Orphon_Origin_for_H1_Histone_Genes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18561115/Molecular_and_Evolutionary_Analysis_of_Mussel_Histone_Genes_Mytilus_spp_Possible_Evidence_of_an_Orphon_Origin_for_H1_Histone_Genes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":113838921,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":113838921,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_113838921" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="19962386" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19962386/Characterization_of_a_cDNA_clone_coding_for_a_sea_urchin_histone_H2A_variant_related_to_the_H2A_F_Z_histone_protein_in_vertebrates">Characterization of a cDNA clone coding for a sea urchin histone H2A variant related to the H2A.F/Z histone protein in vertebrates</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41484483" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SErnst2">S. Ernst</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40834094" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BrennerCarol">Carol Brenner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nucleic Acids Research, 1987</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Characterization of a cDNA clone coding for a sea urchin histone H2A variant related to the H2A.F/Z histone protein in vertebrates","attachmentId":41253653,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19962386/Characterization_of_a_cDNA_clone_coding_for_a_sea_urchin_histone_H2A_variant_related_to_the_H2A_F_Z_histone_protein_in_vertebrates","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span 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ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="156110952" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MaryBendig">Mary Bendig</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nucleic Acids Research, 1983</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Transcription of sea urchin histone genes in HeLa cells","attachmentId":70430065,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/53717814/Transcription_of_sea_urchin_histone_genes_in_HeLa_cells","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/53717814/Transcription_of_sea_urchin_histone_genes_in_HeLa_cells"><span 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class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Molecular Evolution, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Common Evolutionary Origin and Birth-and-Death Process in the Replication-Independent Histone H1 Isoforms from Vertebrate and Invertebrate Genomes","attachmentId":31977782,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4620875/Common_Evolutionary_Origin_and_Birth_and_Death_Process_in_the_Replication_Independent_Histone_H1_Isoforms_from_Vertebrate_and_Invertebrate_Genomes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4620875/Common_Evolutionary_Origin_and_Birth_and_Death_Process_in_the_Replication_Independent_Histone_H1_Isoforms_from_Vertebrate_and_Invertebrate_Genomes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="4620866" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4620866/Molecular_Evolutionary_Characterization_of_the_Mussel_Mytilus_Histone_Multigene_Family_First_Record_of_a_Tandemly_Repeated_Unit_of_Five_Histone_Genes_Containing_an_H1_Subtype_with_Orphon_Features">Molecular Evolutionary Characterization of the Mussel Mytilus Histone Multigene Family: First Record of a Tandemly Repeated Unit of Five Histone Genes Containing 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Jasinskiene</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44328471" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JLangmore">John Langmore</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression, 1998</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Psoralen crosslinking of active and inactive sea urchin histone and rRNA genes","attachmentId":41560222,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20784242/Psoralen_crosslinking_of_active_and_inactive_sea_urchin_histone_and_rRNA_genes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20784242/Psoralen_crosslinking_of_active_and_inactive_sea_urchin_histone_and_rRNA_genes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="37248746" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37248746/Two_temporal_phases_for_the_control_of_histone_gene_activity_in_cleaving_sea_urchin_embryos_S_purpuratus_1">Two temporal phases for the control of histone gene activity in cleaving sea urchin embryos (S. purpuratus)*1</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2930976" href="https://wayne.academia.edu/AntonScottGoustin">Anton-Scott Goustin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Develop Biol, 1981</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Two temporal phases for the control of histone gene activity in cleaving sea urchin embryos (S. purpuratus)*1","attachmentId":57201947,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37248746/Two_temporal_phases_for_the_control_of_histone_gene_activity_in_cleaving_sea_urchin_embryos_S_purpuratus_1","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37248746/Two_temporal_phases_for_the_control_of_histone_gene_activity_in_cleaving_sea_urchin_embryos_S_purpuratus_1"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="13795009" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13795009/Isolation_of_a_new_H3_3_histone_variant_cDNA_of_P_lividus_sea_urchin_Sequence_and_embryonic_expression">Isolation of a new H3.3 histone variant cDNA of P. lividus sea urchin: Sequence and embryonic expression</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32897899" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MargheritaBranno">Margherita Branno</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression, 1994</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Isolation of a new H3.3 histone variant cDNA of P. lividus sea urchin: Sequence and embryonic expression","attachmentId":44940857,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13795009/Isolation_of_a_new_H3_3_histone_variant_cDNA_of_P_lividus_sea_urchin_Sequence_and_embryonic_expression","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13795009/Isolation_of_a_new_H3_3_histone_variant_cDNA_of_P_lividus_sea_urchin_Sequence_and_embryonic_expression"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="21328250" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21328250/Two_temporal_phases_for_the_control_of_histone_gene_activity_in_cleaving_sea_urchin_embryos_S_purpuratus_">Two temporal phases for the control of histone gene activity in cleaving sea urchin embryos (S. purpuratus)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34163772" href="https://wayne.academia.edu/AGoustin">A. Goustin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Developmental Biology, 1981</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Two temporal phases for the control of histone gene activity in cleaving sea urchin embryos (S. purpuratus)","attachmentId":41818082,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21328250/Two_temporal_phases_for_the_control_of_histone_gene_activity_in_cleaving_sea_urchin_embryos_S_purpuratus_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21328250/Two_temporal_phases_for_the_control_of_histone_gene_activity_in_cleaving_sea_urchin_embryos_S_purpuratus_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="13285752" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13285752/Different_micrococcal_nuclease_cleavage_patterns_characterize_transcriptionally_active_and_inactive_sea_urchin_histone_genes">Different micrococcal nuclease cleavage patterns characterize transcriptionally active and inactive sea-urchin histone genes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48841716" 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style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="82586535" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82586535/Regulation_of_the_Sea_Urchin_Early_H2A_Histone_Gene_Expression_Depends_on_the_Modulator_Element_and_on_Sequences_Located_near_the_3_End">Regulation of the Sea Urchin Early H2A Histone Gene Expression Depends on the Modulator Element and on Sequences Located near the 3′ End</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37824418" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RaffaellaMelfi">Raffaella Melfi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biological Chemistry, 1999</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button 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