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.infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:270px; font-size:100%;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><table style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left; font-size:88%; background:#f3f3f3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <p><span style="font-size:120%">←</span> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_in_Afghanistan" title="2000 in Afghanistan">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_in_Afghanistan" title="1999 in Afghanistan">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_in_Afghanistan" title="1998 in Afghanistan">1998</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div> </td><td style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Afghanistan_(1992%E2%80%932001).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg/160px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281992%E2%80%932001%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td> <td class="summary" style="text-align:center; width:50%; font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><span style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/AD_2001" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 2001">2001</a></span><br /> in<br /> <span class="adr"><span class="country-name location"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></span></span></td> <td style="text-align:right; font-size:88%; background:#f3f3f3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <p><span style="font-size:120%">→</span> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_in_Afghanistan" title="2002 in Afghanistan">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_in_Afghanistan" title="2003 in Afghanistan">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_in_Afghanistan" title="2004 in Afghanistan">2004</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-size:88%;">Decades:</th><td class="infobox-data hlist" style="font-size:88%; text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_in_Afghanistan" title="Category:1980s in Afghanistan">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990s_in_Afghanistan" title="Category:1990s in Afghanistan">1990s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:2000s_in_Afghanistan" title="Category:2000s in Afghanistan">2000s</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2010s_in_Afghanistan" title="Category:2010s in Afghanistan">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_in_Afghanistan" title="Category:2020s in Afghanistan">2020s</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-size:88%;">See also:</th><td class="infobox-data hlist" style="font-size:88%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">Other events of 2001</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Afghanistan" title="List of years in Afghanistan">List of years in Afghanistan</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The following lists events that happened during <b>2001 in Afghanistan</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incumbents">Incumbents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Incumbents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Afghanistan" title="List of heads of state of Afghanistan">De facto head of state</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mullah_Omar" title="Mullah Omar">Mohammed Omar</a> (until 13 November)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Afghanistan" title="President of Afghanistan">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Burhanuddin_Rabbani" title="Burhanuddin Rabbani">Burhanuddin Rabbani</a> (until 22 December), <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Karzai" title="Hamid Karzai">Hamid Karzai</a> (starting 22 December)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Afghanistan" title="Chief Justice of Afghanistan">Chief Justice</a>: <a href="/wiki/Faisal_Ahmad_Shinwari" class="mw-redirect" title="Faisal Ahmad Shinwari">Faisal Ahmad Shinwari</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="January">January</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>January 1</b> – The <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Northern_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan Northern Alliance">Afghan Northern Alliance</a> captured the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghalmin_district&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghalmin district (page does not exist)">Ghalmin district</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ghor_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghor province">Ghor province</a>, Afghanistan. Several <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> attempts to recapture the area failed. Retreating Taliban left five dead militants behind. Another 13 Taliban were reportedly wounded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> authorities in Afghanistan raised postal rates beyond affordable levels for the majority of ordinary citizens. Mulla <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Baqi_Mukhles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Baqi Mukhles (page does not exist)">Abdul Baqi Mukhles</a>, head of the central postal department, said the rise was linked to the steep fall of the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_afghani" title="Afghan afghani">afghani</a> and the decisions of the 1999 <a href="/wiki/International_Postal_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="International Postal Union">International Postal Union</a> congress in Beijing.</li> <li><b>January 2</b> – In <a href="/wiki/Ghor_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghor province">Ghor province</a>, Afghanistan, Taliban fighter planes bombed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghalmin_district&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghalmin district (page does not exist)">Ghalmin district</a> in support of a two-pronged infantry attack in which two opposition soldiers were wounded and six militiamen killed.</li> <li><b>January 3</b> – Taliban forces pounded opposition positions with heavy artillery initiating a counter-attack to retake the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghalmin_district&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghalmin district (page does not exist)">Ghalmin district</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ghor_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghor province">Ghor province</a>, Afghanistan.</li> <li>Fighting between the Taliban and opposition forces was reported in northeastern Afghanistan near the border with <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>.</li> <li>A meeting held in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Head_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Head District (page does not exist)">head District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bamyan_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamyan province">Bamyan province</a>, Afghanistan was attended by a large number of the people including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ustad_Akbari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ustad Akbari (page does not exist)">Ustad Akbari</a>. Leaders denounced the conspiracies and plots of anti-Islamic states, including the United States and France.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> announced that the number of its foreign workers returning to Afghanistan had reached 24, and would increase, but not go beyond 34. Less than two weeks earlier, the U.N. had pulled all of its workers from the nation to coincide with sanction activities.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> announced it was allowing all humanitarian organizations, including the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, to continue their operations, except for the offices of <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Mission_to_Afghanistan" title="United Nations Special Mission to Afghanistan">United Nations Special Mission to Afghanistan</a>.</li> <li><b>January 4</b> – A Chinese delegation of the Chinese OFEM company arrived in <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, Afghanistan to assist the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> with the revival of <a href="/wiki/Hydel_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydel power">hydel power</a> projects. The delegation met with Taliban Minister for Water and Power <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maulvi_Ahmed_Jan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maulvi Ahmed Jan (page does not exist)">Maulvi Ahmed Jan</a>, visited <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarobi_dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarobi dam (page does not exist)">Sarobi Dam</a> and pledged to install new turbine in the power house. The delegates also made commitment about the installation of mobile telephone system in Afghanistan.</li> <li>The Taliban admit that resistance forces have captured the strategically important town of Bamiyan after heavy fighting.</li> <li><b>January 5</b> – In <a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a>, Greece, while attempting to board a ship bound for Italy, more than 20 <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraqi</a> <a href="/wiki/Kurd" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurd">Kurds</a> clashed with 15 Afghans. Eight were injured and taken to a hospital for treatment. The rest were arrested by the authorities.</li> <li>Taliban leader Mohammad Omar decrees that religious conversion from Islam to any other faith will be punishable by death. Omar suggests that outside forces are attempting to undermine the Islamic regime by covertly preaching Christianity and Judaism in the country.</li> <li><b>Early January</b> – The UNHCR expresses serious concern for some 10,000 <a href="/wiki/Afghan_refugees" title="Afghan refugees">Afghan refugees</a> camping on the country's northern border with Tajikistan.</li> <li><b>Mid-January</b> – The International Red Cross (ICRC) announces that it will end its relief mission in Kabul, saying that the Afghan capital is no longer adversely affected by the country's civil war. The 20,000 families that have been receiving aid from the ICRC since 1994 will be given their last shipment of cooking oil, rice, soap, and wheat in March.</li> <li><b>Mid-January</b> – Supporters of the anti-Taliban Northern Alliance reportedly retake the town of <a href="/wiki/Yakawlang" title="Yakawlang">Yakawlang</a> after heavy fighting. The UN reports that Taliban forces had killed around 100 civilians when they reentered the town in December 2000 after briefly losing control of it. The UN also says that large numbers of refugees have fled the town despite the severe winter weather.</li> <li><b>January 22</b> – The Taliban regime reveals Afghanistan's revamped air traffic control system, marking the first major improvement in the country's infrastructure for years. The upgrade is likely to increase the amount of air traffic flying over Afghanistan in future.</li> <li><b>Late January</b> – 110 internal refugees sheltering in the west of the country die in one night as temperatures drop to −25 °C.</li> <li><b>Late January</b> – The UN World Food Program (WFP) warns that the level of malnutrition among children in the north of the country is alarming.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="February">February</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>February 14</b> – The headquarters of the UN Special Mission to Afghanistan (UNSMA) are closed by the Taliban authorities in retaliation for the U.S. government's closure of the Taliban offices in New York.</li> <li><b>Mid-February</b> – The UK-based human rights group Amnesty International condemns the apparently <a href="/wiki/Summary_execution" title="Summary execution">summary execution</a> of six men by the rebel Northern Alliance.</li> <li>The New York-based Human Rights Watch produces video evidence of the murder of around 170 men by Taliban forces in December 2000. The footage shows the execution of local men rounded up by Taliban forces reentering the town of Yakawlang, which had been briefly held by rebel forces late in 2000. It also depicts a mass grave at a nearby village.</li> <li><b>Late February</b> – In response to allegations of atrocities the Taliban authorities accuse rebel forces of killing 120 civilians during their three-day occupation of Bamiyan earlier in the month.</li> <li>Taliban leader Mohammad Omar decrees that all statues in the country should be destroyed as they represent an insult to Islam and are being worshipped as false gods. The order leads to the destruction of priceless historic artifacts across the country including the world's tallest statue of an upright Buddha in Bamiyan.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="March">March</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>March 2</b> – The Taliban begins the destruction of the <a href="/wiki/Buddhas_of_Bamiyan" title="Buddhas of Bamiyan">Buddhas of Bamiyan</a>, causing worldwide condemnation.</li> <li>Despite UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan's reassurances in early March that the plight of the hundreds of thousands of internal refugees has not been forgotten by the international community, the UN withholds its aid to refugees stranded on the border with neighbouring Tajikistan later in the month. The suspension comes amid fears that the aid was being subverted by armed groups. Just a day before the announcement Annan urged both sides in the country's civil war to reject further violence.</li> <li>An article published in March 2001 by <i><a href="/wiki/Jane%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Jane's">Jane's</a></i> suggests that the United States was giving the Northern Alliance information and logistics support as part of concerted action with India, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, and Russia against Afghanistan's Taliban regime, with <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> being used as bases.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="April">April</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Early April</b> – former <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communist</a> general <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rashid_Dostum" title="Abdul Rashid Dostum">Abdul Rashid Dostum</a> returns from self-exile in Turkey to boost resistance to the Taliban regime. He was forced to flee the country after his stronghold in the north was attacked by Taliban forces in 1998. He meets with his former bitter enemy, the senior commander of anti-Taliban forces, <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Massoud" title="Ahmad Shah Massoud">Ahmad Shah Massoud</a>, to discuss plans for a new northern front. Morale among opposition forces is reported to have been boosted by Dostum's return. The meeting is reported to have taken place in the <a href="/wiki/Panjshir_Valley" title="Panjshir Valley">Panjshir valley</a> in the province of <a href="/wiki/Badakhshan_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Badakhshan province">Badakhshan</a>, the only part of Afghanistan under full opposition control.</li> <li><b>April 16</b> – The chair of the Taliban Interim Council, Mohammad Rabbani, dies. He was fighting liver cancer in a hospital in neighbouring Pakistan. His body is repatriated to <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a> by a <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a> plane, permitted to operate on humanitarian grounds despite the air embargo.</li> <li><b>April 17</b> – The second of five rounds of <a href="/wiki/Polio" title="Polio">polio</a> <a href="/wiki/Immunization" title="Immunization">immunizations</a> to be held this year begins after the Taliban and the Afghan Northern Alliance agreed to a week-long ceasefire. The ceasefire enables tens of thousands of staff and volunteers to operate freely to carry out a house-to-house effort to immunize all children under five years of age.</li> <li><b>April 18</b> – The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> announces that it has signed a contract with the <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> to contribute humanitarian aid worth U.S. $900,000 to Afghanistan.</li> <li><b>April 19</b> – In an effort to find out how western aid is being used, three U.S. officials complete a rare visit to Afghanistan.</li> <li><b>April 24</b> – The UN declares the Afghan people the most displaced in the world. It estimates that there are 700,000 internal refugees in Afghanistan as well as at least 100,000 abroad. Aid workers also voice concern at the health situation in refugee camps and warn of impending epidemics.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="May">May</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Early May</b> – The anti-Taliban alliance claims to have taken control of key settlements in the eastern Kunar province, northeast of Kabul. The Taliban regime denies the claims and counters that its forces have repelled a brief occupation of the central town of Yakawlang, near Bamiyan.</li> <li><b>May 17</b> – The U.S. announces that it will extend a $43 million aid package direct to projects and facilities in Afghanistan, bypassing the Taliban regime. The offer comes amid spiraling fears of impending famine.</li> <li><b>May 20</b> – The Taliban regime closes the UN offices in Herat, Jalalabad, Kandahar, and Mazar-e-Sharif in protest over UN sanctions.</li> <li><b>Late May</b> – Afghan Hindus are ordered to wear yellow identity labels to differentiate themselves from their Muslim neighbours. Although the Taliban regime claims that the plan is to protect Hindus from persecution by religious police, Hindu groups complain that the labels amount to "patent discrimination."</li> <li>The Taliban authorities ban female aid workers from driving. Although the edict is unlikely to affect larger aid groups it is feared it may hinder the work of small-scale operations.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="June">June</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>June 1</b> – <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> forces begin a fresh attack on opposition positions in the centre and the northeastern Takhar province, around Taloqan.</li> <li><b>June 6</b> – An Uzbekistani <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-24" title="Sukhoi Su-24">Sukhoi Su-24</a> bomber is shot down during a raid against Taliban armour near Heiratan, killing the crew.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Early June</b> – Taliban leader <a href="/wiki/Mullah_Mohammad_Omar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mullah Mohammad Omar">Mullah Mohammad Omar</a> warns that his regime would consider any UN monitoring of the country's borders as a hostile act.</li> <li><b>Mid-June</b> – The anti-Taliban alliance accuses the Islamic regime of systematically destroying the central town of Yakawlang which has repeatedly changed hands between the two warring sides. They say that most of the town's 60,000 residents have now fled.</li> <li><b>June 21</b> – The <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a> announces that it will establish large-scale refugee camps in the north of the country to help protect 10,000 displaced Afghans.</li> <li><b>June 22</b> – The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a> issues a "worldwide caution" for U.S. citizens around the world of possible <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>-related <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorist</a> attacks. The warning is due to expire or be updated September 22.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July">July</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>July 2</b> – Taliban Deputy Foreign Minister Mullah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Jalil_(Afghan_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Jalil (Afghan politician) (page does not exist)">Abdul Jalil</a> told U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan <a href="/wiki/William_Milam" title="William Milam">William Milam</a> that <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> had not been "convicted and that the Taliban still consider him innocent."</li> <li><b>July 3</b> – The Taliban regime reacts angrily to the U.S. renewal of trade sanctions. The U.S. authorities cite the regime's apparent protection of Saudi "terrorist" <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>.</li> <li><b>Mid-July</b> – The Internet is outlawed by the governing Taliban in an effort to prevent the spread of anti-Islamic material. The regime also says it will no longer recognize university qualifications obtained abroad, in particular those from the Afghan University in Peshawar, Pakistan.</li> <li><b>Mid-July</b> – A cholera epidemic reportedly kills 45 people in a single day in the northern Balkh province. The area is on the front line between Taliban and opposition forces.</li> <li><b>July 30</b> – The UN Security Council adopts <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1363" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1363">Resolution 1363</a>. The Resolution orders new measures to help enforce the arms embargo on Afghanistan. Under the Resolution, monitors should be stationed in neighbouring countries to ensure the sanctions are upheld.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="August">August</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>August 3</b> – <a href="/wiki/Dayna_Curry" title="Dayna Curry">Dayna Curry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heather_Mercer" title="Heather Mercer">Heather Mercer</a> were arrested at the home of an Afghan family and accused of teaching <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.</li> <li><b>August 5</b> – <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> troops arrested six foreign aid workers with <a href="/wiki/Shelter_Now_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelter Now International">Shelter Now International</a> on charges of spreading <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. The offices of Shelter Now were also seized.</li> <li><b>August 26</b> – 438 asylum seekers (420 from Afghanistan) were saved from a sinking <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> vessel by the <a href="/wiki/MS_Tampa" title="MS Tampa">MS Tampa</a>. The captain planned to take the asylum seekers to <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, but the asylum seekers apparently threatened the captain and allegedly said they would jump overboard unless they were taken to Australia, prompting the captain set sail for <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a> instead. The Australian government however refused permission for the ship to enter Australia's territorial waters.</li> <li><b>August 27</b> – <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> soldiers entered <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and seized a border kiosk. Flooded by hundreds of thousands of <a href="/wiki/Afghan_refugees" title="Afghan refugees">Afghan refugees</a>, Iran had started deporting Afghans, accusing many of drug dealing.</li> <li><b>August 29</b> – The captain of the <a href="/wiki/MS_Tampa" title="MS Tampa">MS Tampa</a>, carrying 438 asylum seekers (420 from Afghanistan), declared a state of emergency and proceeded to enter Australian territorial waters, despite Australian government orders not to. The Australian government responded by dispatching Australian troops to board the ship and prevent it from approaching any further to <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a>. The MS Tampa captain was instructed to move the ship back into <a href="/wiki/International_waters" title="International waters">international waters</a>. He refused. The Norwegian government warned the Australian government not to seek to force the ship to return to international waters against the captain's will. The Australian government tried to persuade <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> to accept the asylum seekers; Indonesia refused. The refugees were loaded onto an Australian Navy vessel. Most were transported to the small island country of <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> and the rest to New Zealand.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> soldiers returned to <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> a border kiosk that they had seized on August 27.</li> <li><b>August 30</b> – <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> complained to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> that Afghanistan's ruling <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> had raised border tensions by deploying soldiers seizing a kiosk on August 27.</li> <li><b>August 31</b> – In Afghanistan, the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> detained non-Afghan staff of the <a href="/wiki/International_Assistance_Mission" title="International Assistance Mission">International Assistance Mission</a> in <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jalalabad" title="Jalalabad">Jalalabad</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretary_General" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Secretary General">United Nations Secretary General</a> <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a> urged the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> to assure the security of humanitarian personnel in Afghanistan.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="September">September</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>September 1</b> – About two dozen foreign aid workers were expelled from Afghanistan by the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> for allegedly preaching <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. The workers were from the international aid organization <a href="/w/index.php?title=SERVE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SERVE (page does not exist)">SERVE</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Assistance_Mission" title="International Assistance Mission">International Assistance Mission</a>.</li> <li>The parents of U.S. citizens <a href="/wiki/Dayna_Curry" title="Dayna Curry">Dayna Curry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heather_Mercer" title="Heather Mercer">Heather Mercer</a> visited their daughters for about 30 minutes accompanied by U.S. diplomat <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Donahue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Donahue (page does not exist)">David Donahue</a>. Curry, Mercer and six other foreign aid workers (two <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germans</a> and four Australians) with <a href="/wiki/Shelter_Now_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelter Now International">Shelter Now International</a> on charges of spreading <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. Eight of the foreign aid workers were transferred late from <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>'s juvenile correction center to an unknown place.</li> <li><b>September 2</b> – 438 asylum seekers (420 from Afghanistan) saved August 26 remained on board the <a href="/wiki/MS_Tampa" title="MS Tampa">MS Tampa</a>, a Norwegian freighter, stranded in the Indian Ocean. An Australian troop ship was en route to transfer them to <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>, where they would be split up and sent to New Zealand and to <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Saikal" title="Mahmoud Saikal">Mahmoud Saikal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> consul to Australia, praised Naura and New Zealand, and condemned Australia.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> called for fair trials for all 24 foreign and Afghan aid workers detained by the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a>. The detainees were charged with promoting Christianity.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Wakil_Ahmed_Muttawakil" title="Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil">Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil</a> assured relief organizations that, other than <a href="/w/index.php?title=SERVE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SERVE (page does not exist)">SERVE</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Assistance_Mission" title="International Assistance Mission">International Assistance Mission</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shelter_Now_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelter Now International">Shelter Now International</a>, no other foreign aid groups were under scrutiny for preaching <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.</li> <li><b>September 3</b> – In <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, Afghanistan, the trial began for eight foreign aid workers, as the nine-judge bench of the Supreme Court held preliminary deliberations. Evidence included <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bibles</a> and video and audio tapes, along with investigation files from the religious police. <a href="/wiki/Shelter_Now" title="Shelter Now">Shelter Now</a> denied its staff were involved in missionary work, however the Taliban claimed to have written confessions from the detainees. The accused were <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Taubmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Taubmann (page does not exist)">Georg Taubmann</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katrin_Jelinek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katrin Jelinek (page does not exist)">Katrin Jelinek</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margrit_Stebner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margrit Stebner (page does not exist)">Margrit Stebner</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silke_Durrkopf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silke Durrkopf (page does not exist)">Silke Durrkopf</a>, all German; Australians <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Bunch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Bunch (page does not exist)">Peter Bunch</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diana_Thomas_(aid_worker)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diana Thomas (aid worker) (page does not exist)">Diana Thomas</a>; and U.S. citizens <a href="/wiki/Dayna_Curry" title="Dayna Curry">Dayna Curry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heather_Mercer" title="Heather Mercer">Heather Mercer</a>.</li> <li><b>September 4</b> – Intense fighting erupted between Taliban forces and the <a href="/wiki/United_Islamic_Front_for_the_Salvation_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan">United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kapisa_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapisa province">Kapisa province</a>. Elsewhere, the Taliban captured two important areas, <a href="/wiki/Khaneqah,_Afghanistan" title="Khaneqah, Afghanistan">Khanqa</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sang-e-Bada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sang-e-Bada (page does not exist)">Sang-e-Bada</a> southwest of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmood_Raqi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmood Raqi (page does not exist)">Mahmood Raqi</a>, provincial capital of <a href="/wiki/Kapisa_Province" title="Kapisa Province">Kapisa</a>.</li> <li><b>September 5</b> – The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> denied Western diplomats access to a court where eight foreign aid workers were on trial for promoting <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, but Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Noor_Mohammad_Saqib" title="Noor Mohammad Saqib">Noor Mohammad Saqib</a> said the defendants could hire foreign lawyers. He also said that the defendants could face <a href="/wiki/Hanging" title="Hanging">hanging</a>. Despite repeated requests, Australian, German and U.S. consuls in <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> had been denied any meetings with Taliban authorities for a week.</li> <li>The wife of jailed Sheikh <a href="/wiki/Omar_Abdel-Rahman" title="Omar Abdel-Rahman">Omar Abdel-Rahman</a> sent letters to U.S. president <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> leadership to urge them to exchange Abdel-Rahman for the eight foreign workers standing trial.</li> <li><b>September 6</b> – The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> special envoy to Afghanistan, <a href="/wiki/Francesc_Vendrell_i_Vendrell" title="Francesc Vendrell i Vendrell">Francesc Vendrell</a>, arrived in <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, saying the trial of the arrested foreign aid workers would be meaningful only if it is held in an open court. Despite an earlier promise to do so, the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> had not allowed journalists, Western diplomats or relatives of the accused any access to the proceedings.</li> <li>Afghan Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Wakil_Motawakil" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Wakil Motawakil">Abdul Wakil Motawakil</a> said that, with some "rare" exceptions, all international flights over Afghanistan, including those by the <a href="/wiki/U.N." class="mw-redirect" title="U.N.">U.N.</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a>, would be stopped unless the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> released funds from frozen aviation accounts. The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> had banned international flights by <a href="/wiki/Ariana_Afghan_Airlines" title="Ariana Afghan Airlines">Ariana Afghan Airlines</a> except for humanitarian reasons as part of sanctions imposed over the Taliban's refusal to extradite suspected <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorist</a> <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> announced that Afghanistan was on the brink of famine, and appealed for $151 million to fund an "emergency operation".</li> <li>The Central Board of Revenue of Pakistan approved zero-rated export of <a href="/wiki/Cement" title="Cement">cement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a> leaf to Central Asian Republics and Afghanistan via land route.</li> <li><b>September 7</b> – The trial of eight foreign aid workers detained in Afghanistan on charges of preaching <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> went into recess for a weekly holiday.</li> <li><b>September 8</b> – Eight foreign aid workers on trial for promoting <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> in Afghanistan appeared for the first time in the Supreme Court, and said they were innocent of proselytising. The hearing was presided over by Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Noor_Mohammad_Saqib" title="Noor Mohammad Saqib">Noor Mohammad Saqib</a> and 18 other judges. One of the six female defendants was wearing the head-to-toe cloak which is mandatory for Afghan women in public, while the others had veils over their hair only. The defendants walked slowly into the court under the escort of armed guards, who did not allow them to answer questions from journalists waiting outside the court. The mother of one of the US prisoners and the father of another accompanied their daughters into the court, but the cousin of the Australian man was kept waiting outside along with Australian, German and US diplomats.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> took control of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shokhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shokhi (page does not exist)">Shokhi</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khan_Aqa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khan Aqa (page does not exist)">Khan Aqa</a> districts in <a href="/wiki/Kapisa_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapisa province">Kapisa province</a> after several days of heavy clashes with the Afghan Northern Alliance led by <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Massoud" title="Ahmad Shah Massoud">Ahmad Shah Massoud</a>.</li> <li><b>September 9</b> – Afghan opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ahmad_Shah_Massoud" title="Assassination of Ahmad Shah Massoud">Ahmed Shah Massoud was assassinated</a>. Two suicide bombers, posing as journalists, blew themselves up during the purported interview mortally wounding Massoud. The suicide bomber was killed along with one of Massoud's followers, and the Afghan commander's guards reportedly killed the second attacker. The terrorists first conducted interviews with opposition soldiers in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shomali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shomali (page does not exist)">Shomali</a> before meeting with Massoud. The bomb was either hidden in the camera or camera battery belt of the terrorists. Massoud was evacuated by helicopter to <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> where he was announced <a href="/wiki/Dead_on_arrival" title="Dead on arrival">dead on arrival</a>.</li> <li>A formal <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Directive" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Directive">National Security Presidential Directive</a> submitted on September 9, 2001, had outlined essentially the same war plan that the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, the CIA and the <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">Pentagon</a> put into action after the September 11 attacks. The plan dealt with all aspects of a war against al-Qaeda, ranging from diplomatic initiatives to military operations in Afghanistan, including outlines to persuade Afghanistan's Taliban government to turn bin Laden over to the United States, with provisions to use military force if it refused.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Afghan Supreme Court resumed the trial of eight foreign aid workers held for allegedly preaching <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, but no detainees, diplomats or journalists were present.</li> <li>In Afghanistan, the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> jailed 35 Afghan employees of one of the recently expelled foreign assistance groups.</li> <li><b>September 10</b> – More than 135 Taliban were killed and 75 captured in an attack by opposition forces on Taliban positions in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eshkamesh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eshkamesh (page does not exist)">Eshkamesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chal" title="Chal">Chal</a> districts of <a href="/wiki/Takhar_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Takhar province">Takhar province</a>, Afghanistan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> jets bombed residential areas in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khuram (page does not exist)">Khuram</a>, Afghanistan, wounding six people and destroying three houses.</li> <li>More than 30 Taliban fighters were killed or wounded in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Safid_Kotal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Safid Kotal (page does not exist)">Safid Kotal</a> area of Afghanistan when two trucks carrying them hit <a href="/wiki/Land_mine" title="Land mine">landmines</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_World_Food_Programme" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations World Food Programme">United Nations World Food Programme</a> appealed to international donors for US$150 million to assist the estimated 5.5 million suffering people in Afghanistan.</li> <li><b>September 11</b> – <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">Suicide attacks</a> on the U.S. kill more than 3,000 people and destroy the two towers of the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a> and part of <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">the Pentagon</a>, using three hijacked passenger airliners as cruise missiles, with a fourth, also hijacked, crashing in a field in <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. Early speculation about the source of the attack centered on <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi</a>-born <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorist</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>, who was living in and working from Afghanistan. <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> leaders condemned the attacks and rejected suggestions that Osama bin Laden could be behind them.</li> <li>Rocket explosions and anti-aircraft fire rocked <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, Afghanistan. Both the U.S. and Afghan oppositional forces denied involvement.</li> <li><b>September 12</b> – In an internationally televised address, U.S. president <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> announced a "<a href="/wiki/War_on_Terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terrorism">war against terrorism</a>" intent on targeting both <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorists</a> and those who harbored terrorists. The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> was implied in this declaration.</li> <li>Germany said that the 23 German nationals in Afghanistan had been told to leave the country due to safety concerns.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> militia said it would consider requests for the <a href="/wiki/Extradition" title="Extradition">extradition</a> of terror suspect <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> based on evidence from U.S. investigators.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetsu_Nakamura_(physician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetsu Nakamura (physician)">Tetsu Nakamura</a>, a Japanese doctor, traveled from <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a> in Pakistan to Afghanistan to evacuate Japanese health clinic staffers. He stayed in <a href="/wiki/Jalalabad" title="Jalalabad">Jalalabad</a> for three days, providing medical attention to <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Enterprise_(CVN-65)" title="USS Enterprise (CVN-65)">USS <i>Enterprise</i></a>, on its way home from its deployment, was turned around to join <a href="/wiki/USS_Carl_Vinson" title="USS Carl Vinson">USS <i>Carl Vinson</i></a> in the Fifth Fleet area of operations.</li> <li><b>September 13</b> – In anticipation of U.S. strikes, <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> militants were reported fleeing <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, Afghanistan, while other residents were said to be digging trenches around the city.</li> <li>The Afghan Northern Alliance named General <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Fahim" title="Mohammad Fahim">Mohammad Fahim</a> as the new leader to replace the deceased <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shah_Massoud" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Shah Massoud">Ahmed Shah Massoud</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a> confirmed that <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> was a suspect, but not the only suspect, for the <a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_Terrorist_Attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks">September 11th attacks</a>. Powell was in contact with Pakistan president <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a> to build cooperation in fighting <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a> and to discuss the possibility of U.S. usage of Pakistani air space. Powell also announced that U.S. Deputy Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Richard_Armitage_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Armitage (politician)">Richard Armitage</a> would soon travel to Moscow for talks with Russian Deputy Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Trubnikov" title="Vyacheslav Trubnikov">Vyacheslav Trubnikov</a> about Afghanistan.</li> <li>A British security official said that, if evidence emerges that <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi</a>-born exile <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> was behind the <a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_Terrorist_Attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks">September 11th attack</a>, an attack on Afghanistan was an option that <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> was considering. NATO denied the report.</li> <li>Three Western diplomats, representing eight aid workers on trial for allegedly preaching <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, left Afghanistan amid an exodus of foreigners concerned over possible U.S. attacks. Family members of the detainees also left the country. However, the eight aid workers remained in the custody of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> militia as an Islamic court continued their trial behind closed doors.</li> <li>Senior diplomats from Russia, India, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> met in <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> to discuss possible assistance to anti-Taliban forces in Afghanistan. <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> President <a href="/wiki/Emomali_Rakhmonov" class="mw-redirect" title="Emomali Rakhmonov">Emomali Rakhmonov</a> met with Indian Deputy Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Omar_Abdullah" title="Omar Abdullah">Omar Abdullah</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and several foreign aid organizations completed a swift withdrawal from Afghanistan, fearing a U.S. strike.</li> <li><b>September 14</b> – <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a> warned the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> militia that they could not separate their own activities from the activities of <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorists</a> harbored within their borders.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Schultz_(diplomat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Schultz (diplomat) (page does not exist)">Eric Schultz</a> of the U.S. Embassy in the <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> met with Turkmen President <a href="/wiki/Saparmurat_Niyazov" title="Saparmurat Niyazov">Saparmurat Niyazov</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ashkhabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkhabad">Ashkhabad</a> to discuss responses to the <a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_Terrorist_Attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks">September 11th attacks</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> leaders warned of revenge "by other means" if the United States attacked Afghanistan in retaliation for the <a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_Terrorist_Attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks">September 11th attacks</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> official <a href="/wiki/Abdel-Aziz_al-Rantissi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdel-Aziz al-Rantissi">Abdel-Aziz al-Rantissi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a> spokesman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamoun_Hudaibi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamoun Hudaibi (page does not exist)">Mamoun Hudaibi</a> echoed the warning and defended the point of view.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> warned that, following exodus of aid workers, about 1.5 million Afghans could emigrate out of Afghanistan in search of food. The U.N. estimated that, to date, Afghanistan had 900,000 internally <a href="/wiki/Displaced_person" class="mw-redirect" title="Displaced person">displaced persons</a> and that there were more than three million Afghan refugees in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and Pakistan alone. Furthermore, the U.N. estimated that a quarter of the population (5.5 million people) would be reliant on food aid if they were to stay alive through November.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akil_Akilov" class="mw-redirect" title="Akil Akilov">Akil Akilov</a>, the prime minister of <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, said that his nation was not yet prepared to guarantee the United States air space should the <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Bush administration</a> decide to launch retaliatory strikes against suspected <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorist</a> bases in Afghanistan.</li> <li>Russian Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Ivanov" title="Sergei Ivanov">Sergei Ivanov</a> said that Moscow would not allow <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> forces to be stationed in any of the former Soviet republics.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the United States">US Congress</a> authorized president <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> to use "all necessary and appropriate force" against the <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorists</a> who orchestrated the <a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_Terrorist_Attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks">September 11th attacks</a>. The vote in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> was unanimous. There was only one dissenting ballot in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Pakistan" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan">Pakistan Ulema Council</a> called for a <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a> against the United States if they attack Afghanistan. Council vicechair <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maulana_Naseeruddin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maulana Naseeruddin (page does not exist)">Maulana Naseeruddin</a> organized rallies and "Death to America" conferences around Pakistan.</li> <li><b>September 15</b> – <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a> said that Pakistan agreed to cooperate if the United States decided to strike Afghanistan. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> reported Pakistani officials had agreed to allow the United States to use Pakistani airspace in the event of a military strike against Afghanistan, but Pakistan would not involve its forces in any action beyond its own geographical boundaries.</li> <li>As U.S. president <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> met with his national security team at <a href="/wiki/Camp_David" title="Camp David">Camp David</a>, he told reporters that <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> was a prime suspect in the <a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_Terrorist_Attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks">September 11th attacks</a>. Bush added that bin Laden was mistaken if he thought he could avoid capture or death.</li> <li>Mullah <a href="/wiki/Mullah_Omar" title="Mullah Omar">Mohammed Omar</a> issued a call for <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a> against the United States and its supporters if they attacked or assisted an attack on Afghanistan. The Taliban also asked all foreigners to leave Afghanistan in view of a possible attack by the United States.</li> <li>Russian Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Igor_Ivanov" title="Igor Ivanov">Igor Ivanov</a> expressed implicit Russian support for a possible U.S. armed intervention in Afghanistan.</li> <li>India, which did not share a formal military relationship with the United States, decided to allow its facilities to be used for strikes against Afghanistan. India also provided the United States with intelligence information on training camps of Islamic militants in the region.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aziz_al-Rahman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aziz al-Rahman (page does not exist)">Aziz al-Rahman</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> diplomat, said <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> was free to leave Afghanistan but would not be forced out.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> announced it deployed military and police forces to seal its 560-mile border with Afghanistan to prevent a possible influx of <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</a>.</li> <li>People's Republic of China Foreign Ministry spokesman <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Bangzao" title="Zhu Bangzao">Zhu Bangzao</a> said that claims made by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> of connections between China and the Taliban were false.</li> <li><b>September 16</b> – U.S. president <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> told his military to get ready for a long <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terrorism">War on Terrorism</a>, adding that they would smoke the enemies "out of their holes".</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> information minister, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qadratullah_Jamal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qadratullah Jamal (page does not exist)">Qadratullah Jamal</a>, said that Afghanistan had "fortified our bunkers and our important installations, including military bases and airfields."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> leader Mullah <a href="/wiki/Mullah_Omar" title="Mullah Omar">Mohammed Omar</a> met with senior clerics and received their support.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement</a> removed its remaining 15 foreign aid workers from Afghanistan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> published a statement to the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Islamic_Press" title="Afghan Islamic Press">Afghan Islamic Press</a> that he was not responsible for the <a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_Terrorist_Attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks">September 11th attacks</a>. In the statement bin Laden said "The U.S. is pointing the finger at me but I categorically state that I have not done this."</li> <li>Afghan Northern Alliance Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_(Afghanistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah (Afghanistan)">Abdullah</a> offered full support to the United States in any operations, including 15,000 of its fighters for any possible strike on <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>.</li> <li>Thousands attended the funeral of <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Massoud" title="Ahmad Shah Massoud">Ahmad Shah Massoud</a>, former commander of the Afghan Northern Alliance, who was buried in his home village of <a href="/wiki/Basarak" title="Basarak">Basarak</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Panjshir_Valley" title="Panjshir Valley">Panjshir Valley</a> of Afghanistan.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Association_of_the_Women_of_Afghanistan" title="Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan">Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan</a> urged the U.S. to show restraint in attacking Afghanistan, hoping that the U.S. "could differentiate between the people of Afghanistan and a handful of fundamentalist <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorists</a>."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> President <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Khatami" title="Mohammad Khatami">Mohammad Khatami</a> condemned the assassination of Afghan Northern Alliance leader <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Massoud" title="Ahmad Shah Massoud">Ahmad Shah Massoud</a>.</li> <li>Pakistan asked the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> for permission to travel to Afghanistan on September 16 to petition <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> to turn over <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>.</li> <li>A Pakistani newspaper reported that <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> had sneaked out of <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a>, along with his wives, children and followers and moved to an undisclosed secret location in Afghanistan.</li> <li>The six member states of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Gulf Cooperation Council</a> unanimously condemned the <a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_Terrorist_Attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks">September 11th attacks</a> and assured the United States they were ready to take part in its <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terrorism">War on Terrorism</a>.</li> <li>A Russian division of 7,000 men based in <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, which borders Afghanistan, was placed on heightened combat alert. However, Tajikistan announced it would not allow Western nations to launch attacks on Afghanistan from its territory. Tajikistan was struggling to recover from a five-year civil war between <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> opposition forces and a hard-line secular government, and was heavily dependent on Russia for military and political support.</li> <li>The last of Western aid workers left Afghanistan.</li> <li>To date, Afghans made up the single biggest <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugee</a> group in the world with more than 2.6 million in <a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">exile</a>, mainly in Pakistan and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.</li> <li><b>September 17</b> – Pakistan placed its army on alert ahead of a possible U.S. attack on Afghanistan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>'s supreme leader Ayatollah <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a> condemned the <a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_Terrorist_Attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks">September 11th attacks</a> but added that attacking Afghanistan might cause a human catastrophe and could trigger more problems for the United States.</li> <li>Afghanistan shut down its <a href="/wiki/Airspace" title="Airspace">airspace</a>, two weeks after threatening to close it if the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> did not lift <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions" title="International sanctions">sanctions</a> against <a href="/wiki/Ariana_Afghan_Airlines" title="Ariana Afghan Airlines">Ariana Afghan Airlines</a>. Although no flights were landing in Afghanistan, many flights were flying across Afghan airspace. Each time an aircraft flew over Afghanistan the airline had to pay Ariana $400. The money was deposited in accounts in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> that were frozen because of the sanctions.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a>, a delegation of Pakistani officials led by intelligence chief General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmood_Ahmed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmood Ahmed (page does not exist)">Mahmood Ahmed</a> held a morning meeting with the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> leadership, including Mullah <a href="/wiki/Mullah_Omar" title="Mullah Omar">Mohammed Omar</a>, to discuss cooperation with the United States.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>'s armed forces were placed on alert following reports that 5,000 <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> fighters in Afghanistan had approached the border.</li> <li>Pakistan's army reported that <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> troops of between 20,000 and 25,000 had been deployed just across the border from the <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pass" title="Khyber Pass">Khyber Pass</a>. A Pakistani army officer said Pakistan had reinforced its own troops fanned out along the region.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>'s supreme leader <a href="/wiki/Ayatollah_Ali_Khamenei" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayatollah Ali Khamenei">Ayatollah Ali Khamenei</a> advised the United States against a full-scale war in Afghanistan.</li> <li><b>September 18</b> – <a href="/wiki/Ruud_Lubbers" title="Ruud Lubbers">Ruud Lubbers</a>, who was serving as the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a>, visited Washington, D.C. to warn the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a> that millions of Afghans had already faced starvation and homelessness and U.S. attacks "might hit additionally" many more.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> reported that Niaz Naik, a former <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Secretary of Pakistan">Foreign Secretary of Pakistan</a>, claimed that he had been told by senior American officials in mid-July 2001 that military action against Afghanistan would begin by the middle of October at the latest. The message was conveyed during a meeting on Afghanistan between senior U.S., Russian, Iranian, and Pakistani diplomats. The meeting was the third in a series of meetings on Afghanistan, with the previous meeting having been held in March 2001. During the July 2001 meeting, Naik was told that Washington would launch its military operation from bases in <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> – where American advisers were already in place – and that the wider objective was to topple the Taliban regime and install another government in place.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> demanded that the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> "immediately and unconditionally" hand over <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>.</li> <li>Afghan Information Minister <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qudrutullah_Jamal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qudrutullah Jamal (page does not exist)">Qudrutullah Jamal</a> condemned the <a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_Terrorist_Attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks">September 11th attacks</a>.</li> <li>A delegation of Pakistani officials led by intelligence chief General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmood_Ahmed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmood Ahmed (page does not exist)">Mahmood Ahmed</a> flew from <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> to negotiate with <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> leaders, including Mullah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hassan_Akhond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammad Hassan Akhond (page does not exist)">Mohammad Hassan Akhond</a> and Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Wakil_Ahmed_Muttawakil" title="Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil">Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibghatullah_Mujaddedi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sibghatullah Mujaddedi (page does not exist)">Sibghatullah Mujaddedi</a>, the head of the <a href="/wiki/United_Islamic_Front_for_the_Salvation_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan">National Salvation Front of Afghanistan</a> and first President of the <a href="/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen">Mujahideen</a> government, condemned the <a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_Terrorist_Attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks">September 11th attacks</a> and urged the United States to exercise restraint.</li> <li>Afghan rebel leader <a href="/wiki/Gulbuddin_Hekmatyar" title="Gulbuddin Hekmatyar">Gulbuddin Hekmatyar</a>, from his safe house in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, condemned the potential attack by the United States on Afghanistan, and threatened to band with other groups to resist it. Hekmatyar said also that he had no reason to disbelieve <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>'s denial of involvement in the <a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_Terrorist_Attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks">September 11th attacks</a>.</li> <li>In Afghanistan, a meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Shura" title="Shura">shura</a>, a collection of 1,000 village clerics and mullahs, was scheduled to decide the fate of <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>, but the council could not reach <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> in time. The meeting was postponed one day.</li> <li>In an address on the Taliban's <a href="/wiki/Radio_Shariat" title="Radio Shariat">Radio Shariat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> Interior Minister Mullah <a href="/wiki/Abdur_Razzaq_(Taliban_Interior_Minister)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdur Razzaq (Taliban Interior Minister)">Abdul Razzaq</a> called for volunteers willing to fight against an invasion of the United States.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Kamal_Kharrazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamal Kharrazi">Kamal Kharrazi</a> cautioned against a U.S. military strike on Afghanistan.</li> <li>The United Nations <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> warned that an estimated 3.8 million Afghans, completely dependent on outside aid, had only enough food stocks for two to three weeks.</li> <li>India announced that Afghan <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</a> living in the country would have to register themselves.</li> <li>Officials in Pakistan and <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> reported 10,000 Afghans fleeing into their borders. However <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> Maulvi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Hai_Mutmaen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Hai Mutmaen (page does not exist)">Abdul Hai Mutmaen</a> denied reports that people were fleeing <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/National_Post" title="National Post">National Post</a> reported that <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> sent a message to the United States government via Canada stating it would not oppose targeted military strikes against those responsible for the <a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_Terrorist_Attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks">September 11th attacks</a>.</li> <li><b>September 19</b> – Official beginning of United States' combat activities in Afghanistan, as designated by president George W. Bush in his "Afghanistan Combat Zone Executive Order"<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on December 12, 2001.</li> <li>The United States ordered over 100 military aircraft to the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> region.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/USS_Theodore_Roosevelt_(CVN-71)" title="USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71)">USS Theodore Roosevelt</a></i> left <a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> as part of a 14-ship battle group.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, Afghanistan, Taliban leader Mullah <a href="/wiki/Mullah_Omar" title="Mullah Omar">Mohammed Omar</a> announced he was ready to hold talks with the United States. He also urged the U.S. to use patience and to gather and turn over evidence to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taliban_Supreme_Court&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taliban Supreme Court (page does not exist)">Taliban Supreme Court</a>. Omar suggested that the U.S. was using <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> as a pretext to topple the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a>. The U.S. government responded by stating it wanted action, not negotiations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> Interior Minister Mullah <a href="/wiki/Abdur_Razzaq_(Taliban_Interior_Minister)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdur Razzaq (Taliban Interior Minister)">Abdul Razzaq</a> urged Afghan citizens to support a <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a>.</li> <li>Fearing a U.S. response, an exodus of thousands of Afghan peoples headed for <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and Pakistan.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> asked that <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> leave Afghanistan.</li> <li>A Pakistani delegation sent to <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, Afghanistan to convince the Taliban movement to hand over <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> also visited the eight detained <a href="/wiki/Shelter_Now_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelter Now International">Shelter Now International</a> workers on trial for spreading <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. The delegation spokesman said the detainees appeared well and in good spirits.</li> <li><b>September 20</b> – <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> president <a href="/wiki/Emomali_Rakhmonov" class="mw-redirect" title="Emomali Rakhmonov">Emomali Rakhmonov</a> said <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</a> fleeing Afghanistan would not be permitted into Tajikistan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> set up <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugee</a> camps on Afghan soil and asked relief organizations to help provide services to the camps. Iran also ordered its troops to seal its border with Afghanistan. Iran also stated that it would not allow the U.S. warplanes to use Iranian <a href="/wiki/Air_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Air space">air space</a> to attack Afghanistan.</li> <li>In Afghanistan, the <a href="/wiki/Shura" title="Shura">shura</a>, a council of 1,000 village clerics and mullahs, issued an edict that called on the Taliban to persuade <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> to leave Afghanistan, but the United States rejected the suggestion.</li> <li>Mullah <a href="/wiki/Mullah_Omar" title="Mullah Omar">Mohammed Omar</a> appealed to <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrillas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> to return to Afghanistan to defend against attacks. The shura also warned that any attacks on Afghanistan would cause a <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. president</a> <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> addressed the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> and demanded that the Taliban deliver <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> and destroy bases of <a href="/wiki/Al_Qaeda" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Qaeda">al Qaeda</a>.</li> <li>The Afghan Northern Alliance capture of several Taliban posts and dozens of villages in <a href="/wiki/Samangan_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Samangan province">Samangan province</a>, Afghanistan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> both agreed to allow the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> to use their facilities to mount patrols and combat missions against the Taliban in Afghanistan.</li> <li><b>September 21</b> – <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">U.S. defense secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a> suggested that the United States would seek to work with the Afghan Northern Alliance in future operations in Afghanistan.</li> <li>The Afghan Northern Alliance drove the Taliban out of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dara-i-suf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dara-i-suf (page does not exist)">Dara-i-suf</a>, Afghanistan.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>, the Taliban ambassador to Pakistan, <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Salam_Zaeef" title="Abdul Salam Zaeef">Abdul Salam Zaeef</a>, stated that until evidence was procured, the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> was not prepared to surrender <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> to the United States.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>, Pakistan, an estimated 40,000 people protested against potential U.S. strikes on Afghanistan. Four protesters were killed and ten police officers were injured. Other protests in <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a> (10,000 protesters), <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a> (3,000 protesters), and <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a> (1,500 protesters) occurred without incident.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> requested the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> suspend all communications from <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> to the outside world.</li> <li>A crisis meeting of <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> foreign ministers agreed unanimously to support the right of the United States to attack Afghanistan.</li> <li><b>September 22</b> – Japan's Ministry of Finance announced that payments or fund transfers to accounts in Afghanistan and to Taliban-related individuals living outside Afghanistan needed its permission.</li> <li>In Afghanistan, an unmanned U.S. spy plane collecting intelligence for the <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> was shot down over <a href="/wiki/Samangan_Province" title="Samangan Province">Samangan Province</a> by Taliban forces.</li> <li>U.S. transport planes landed at the military airfield in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuzel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuzel (page does not exist)">Tuzel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>.</li> <li>Turkey announced that it would allow U.S. transport planes to use its bases and airspace.</li> <li>Taliban forces pounded Afghan Northern Alliance positions in <a href="/wiki/Samangan_Province" title="Samangan Province">Samangan Province</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balkh_Province" title="Balkh Province">Balkh Province</a>, Afghanistan.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Defense_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Defense Department">United States Defense Department</a> called to active duty another 5,000 Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard members, bringing the total number of active reservists to more than 10,000.</li> <li>Scores of Afghan men threw rocks and bricks at the gate of the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Embassy" class="mw-redirect" title="Embassy">embassy</a>, screaming "death to America." The embassy had been abandoned since 1988.</li> <li>Pakistan foreign ministry spokesman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Riaz_Mohammed_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riaz Mohammed Khan (page does not exist)">Riaz Mohammed Khan</a> said his country would keep open diplomatic ties with the Taliban leadership in Afghanistan.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> cut diplomatic ties to the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> after failing to persuade Taliban leadership to abide by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> resolution demanding the hand over of <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Fahim" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Fahim">Mohammed Fahim</a>, the military leader of the Afghan Northern Alliance, held talks in <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> with Russian army chief <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Kvashnin" title="Anatoly Kvashnin">Anatoly Kvashnin</a>.</li> <li>Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> and U.S. president <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> held a 40-minute telephone conversation to discuss the <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terrorism">War on Terrorism</a>.</li> <li><b>September 23</b> – Members of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamiat_Ulema_i-Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamiat Ulema i-Islam (page does not exist)">Jamiat Ulema i-Islam</a> marched from their homes in Pakistan to the Afghan border to fend off a possible U.S. invasion.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Islamic_Press" title="Afghan Islamic Press">Afghan Islamic Press</a> reported that <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> went into hiding.</li> <li><b>September 25</b> – During a visit by Japanese Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Junichiro_Koizumi" title="Junichiro Koizumi">Junichiro Koizumi</a>, when a reporter asked if the United States should help <a href="/wiki/Afghan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan people">Afghan people</a> liberate themselves from Taliban rule, president <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> said, "We're not into nation-building; we're focused on justice."</li> <li><b>September 26</b> – An article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> on September 26, 2001, also adds evidence that there were already signs in the first half of 2001 that Washington was moving to threaten Afghanistan militarily from the north, by way of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. A <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a> official, Dr. Jeffrey Starr, visited Tajikistan in January 2001 and U.S. General <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Franks" title="Tommy Franks">Tommy Franks</a> visited the country in May 2001, conveying a message from the Bush administration that the US considered Tajikistan "a strategically significant country". However, this assertion overlooks the fact that these relationships had been ongoing since the breakup of the USSR, and that under Clinton similar statements had been made by military officials. <a href="/wiki/75th_Ranger_Regiment" title="75th Ranger Regiment">U.S. Army Rangers</a> were training special troops inside <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, and there were unconfirmed reports that Tajik and Uzbek special troops were training in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>. Reliable western military sources say a U.S. contingency plan existed on paper by the end of the summer to attack Afghanistan from the north, with U.S. military advisors already in place in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="October">October</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>October 6</b> – President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> tells Congressional leaders about the upcoming attack.</li> <li><b>October 7</b> – <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> releases a videotaped statement after <a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">the attacks</a> begin.</li> <li>9:30 a.m. EDT (approx): The leader of the Northern Alliance says he believes the U.S.-led attack will begin "very soon".</li> <li>11:30 a.m. EDT (approx): <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> is informed about the upcoming attack.</li> <li>12:30 p.m. EDT (9 p.m. local time): the United States, supported by Britain, begins its attack on Afghanistan, launching bombs and cruise missiles against Taliban military and communications facilities and suspected terrorist training camps. A Northern Alliance spokesman later tells <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> that attack hit anti-aircraft batteries near <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> and "at least three terrorist camps" near <a href="/wiki/Jalalabad,_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalalabad, Afghanistan">Jalalabad</a>. Initial reports are that Kabul, <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a> are among the targets. Electricity in Kabul is almost immediately cut off. A number of different technologies were employed in the strike. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> general <a href="/wiki/Richard_Myers" title="Richard Myers">Richard Myers</a>, chairman of the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a>, stated that approximately 50 <a href="/wiki/Tomahawk_(missile_family)" title="Tomahawk (missile family)">Tomahawk</a> <a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile" title="Cruise missile">cruise missiles</a>, launched by British and U.S. submarines and ships, 25 <a href="/wiki/F/A-18_Hornet" class="mw-redirect" title="F/A-18 Hornet">F/A-18 Hornet</a> <a href="/wiki/Strike_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Strike aircraft">strike aircraft</a> from U.S. <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carriers" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft carriers">aircraft carriers</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Carl_Vinson" title="USS Carl Vinson">USS <i>Carl Vinson</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/USS_Enterprise_(CVN-65)" title="USS Enterprise (CVN-65)">USS <i>Enterprise</i></a> and 15 U.S. Air Force <a href="/wiki/Bombers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombers">bombers</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/B-1_Lancer" class="mw-redirect" title="B-1 Lancer">B-1 Lancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/B-2_Spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="B-2 Spirit">B-2 Spirit</a>, <a href="/wiki/B-52_Stratofortress" class="mw-redirect" title="B-52 Stratofortress">B-52 Stratofortress</a> were involved in the first wave, launched from <a href="/wiki/Diego_Garcia" title="Diego Garcia">Diego Garcia</a>. Two <a href="/wiki/C-17_Globemaster" class="mw-redirect" title="C-17 Globemaster">C-17 Globemaster</a> <a href="/wiki/Cargo_aircraft" title="Cargo aircraft">transport</a> jets delivered 37,500 daily rations by airdrop to <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_person" title="Internally displaced person">internally displaced persons</a> inside Afghanistan on the first day of the attack.</li> <li>1 p.m. EDT: President Bush makes a televised speech announcing the attack and discussing further US's intentions, including humanitarian aid."On my orders, the United States military has begun strikes against al Qaeda training camps and military installations of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan." ... "We are the friends of almost a billion worldwide who practice the <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> faith. The United States of America is an enemy of those who aid terrorists and of the barbaric criminals who profane a great religion by committing murder in its name." The <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a>, using the National Alert Network, asks law enforcement agencies across the United States to go to their highest alert status against possible terrorist attacks. The security perimeter around the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> is increased. A peace rally of ten to twelve thousand people is held in New York City. They march from Union Square, the central spontaneous <a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_Terrorist_Attack/Memorials_and_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack/Memorials and Services">September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack/Memorials and Services</a> site in Manhattan, to Times Square, cheering the police at the beginning of the march. The list of about twelve speakers was cut to three or four by the police, and they were herded at the end into a one-lane-wide "bullpen". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> places their coverage of the march on page B12. By 8 p.m. EDT, there had been three waves of attacks.</li> <li>8:35 p.m. EDT: <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> News tentatively reports a fourth wave of attacks.</li> <li>9:45 p.m. EDT: The first reports of casualties.</li> <li>10 p.m. EDT: <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a> in a news conference announces more National Guard and policemen had been assigned to New York City.</li> <li><b>October 8</b> – Protest rallies lead to three casualties in the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> and one in Pakistan. Palestinian authorities shoot and kill two students, one a 13-year-old. Crowds then ransack Palestinian police buildings. In Pakistan, protests take place in <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a>, and near the <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pass" title="Khyber Pass">Khyber Pass</a> border crossing. The most violent protests in Pakistan are in Quetta (60 miles from Afghan border), where one person is shot and killed, the central police station, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> buildings, and several shops and movie theaters are set on fire and looted, and a police subinspector is kidnapped. Ten thousand students at three universities protest without incident in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>.</li> <li>12:00 p.m. EDT (approx): Department of Defense officials report a second round of attacks. Electricity in Kabul is again cut off.</li> <li>1:00 p.m. EDT (approx): The English journalist <a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Ridley" title="Yvonne Ridley">Yvonne Ridley</a> is released by the Taliban and arrived at the Pakistan border.</li> <li>1:08 p.m. EDT: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Myers" title="Richard Myers">General Myers</a> convene a press briefing. As of midnight, allied forces had struck 31 targets, including early warning radars, ground forces, command and control facilities, airfields and aircraft. "Strikes are continuing as we speak." About 10 bombers and 10 carrier-based jets participated. "We will use some Tomahawk missiles today from ships." No cruise missiles are launched from bombers. Leaflets are dropped that include some symbols and figures.</li> <li><b>October 9</b> – In a news conference in Islamabad, Pakistan, a United Nations spokeswoman reports that a cruise missile killed four U.N. employees and injured four others in a building several miles east of <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>. The casualties were Afghans who were security guards in an Afghan Technical Consultancy, the U.N. de-mining agency building. (Afghanistan was, at that time, the most heavily mined nation on the planet.) German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Gerhard Schröder</a> meets with President Bush in Washington, D.C.</li> <li><b>October 10</b> - An uncertain amount of civilians were reported killed on the village of Karam.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>October 11</b> – 8 p.m. EDT: President Bush holds the first primetime presidential news conference since 1995. He had this message for the Taliban: "If you cough him up and his people today that we'll reconsider what we're doing to your country. You still have a second chance. Just bring him in, and bring his leaders and lieutenants and other thugs and criminals with him."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>October 22</b>- The village of Chowkar-Karez is bombed, killing an unknown number of civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="November">November</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>November 8</b> – Pakistan, being the only nation that still had diplomatic ties to the Taliban, asked Afghanistan's rulers to close their <a href="/wiki/Consulate" title="Consulate">consulate</a> in the city of <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>.</li></ul> <dl><dd>Three Japanese warships with several hundred sailors left port for the Indian Ocean. The goal was to provide the U.S.-led forces with non-combat military support. This was Japan's first mission of this kind since World War II.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>Prime minister <a href="/wiki/Wim_Kok" title="Wim Kok">Wim Kok</a> of the Netherlands announced that 1000 soldiers would join the efforts of the war against terrorism.</dd></dl> <ul><li><b>November 10</b> – The Taliban and Northern Alliance fighters both claimed that the strategic northern Afghan city of <a href="/wiki/Mazari_Sharif" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazari Sharif">Mazari Sharif</a> was taken by Northern Alliance fighters.</li> <li><b>November 12</b> – Taliban forces abandon <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> ahead of advancing Northern Alliance troops. Iranian forces aligned with the Coalition capture Herat.</li> <li><b>November 13</b> – Northern Alliance fighters take over <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, the Afghan capital, thereby gaining control of virtually all of northern Afghanistan.</li> <li><b>November 25</b> – Northern Alliance gained control of <a href="/wiki/Kunduz" title="Kunduz">Kunduz</a>, the last Taliban stronghold in Northern Afghanistan, but only after Pakistani aircraft rescued several thousand Taliban and <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> fighters and their military advisers.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Taliban then controlled less than 25% of the country, mainly around Kandahar in the south.</li></ul> <dl><dd>U.S. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marines</a> landed in force by <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopter</a> at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Rhino" title="Camp Rhino">Camp Rhino</a> south of <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a> and began preparing it for fixed wing aircraft. They also occupied the main road between Kandahar and Pakistan.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>Forces loyal to bin Laden smuggled weapons into <a href="/wiki/Qala-i-Jangi" title="Qala-i-Jangi">Qala-i-Jangi</a> prison near Mazari Sharif, where they were held after surrendering at Kunduz. They attacked the Northern Alliance guards and storm an armory. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Special_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Special Forces">U.S. Special Forces</a> call in air attacks. During the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qala-i-Jangi" title="Battle of Qala-i-Jangi">Battle of Qala-i-Jangi</a> hundreds of prisoners are killed as well as 40 Alliance fighters and one U.S. CIA operative, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Micheal_Spann" title="Johnny Micheal Spann">Johnny Micheal Spann</a>. Spann becomes the first U.S. and Coalition combat casualty. A young American named <a href="/wiki/John_Walker_Lindh" title="John Walker Lindh">John Walker Lindh</a> is found in the midst of the rebellion and extradited to the US on terrorism charges.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>Four British <a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">Special Air Service</a> special forces troops were injured inside Afghanistan and evacuated to hospital in Britain although the time and location of their operation was not known.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="December">December</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>December 3</b> – News reports state that Australian, British, French, German and Russian special forces are on the ground in Afghanistan in addition to U.S. special forces and marines.</li> <li><b>December 4</b> – <a href="/wiki/Scott_Peterson_(writer)" title="Scott Peterson (writer)">Scott Peterson</a>, writing in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a></i>, quoted a defector he described as the</li></ul> <p>Taliban deputy interior minister, and "highest ranking Taliban defector to date".<sup id="cite_ref-CSMonitor20011204_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSMonitor20011204-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Peterson this defector described the American bombardment as very effective, "Kabul city has seen many rockets, but this was a different thing" and "the American bombing of Taliban trenches, cars, and troops caused us to be defeated. All ways were blocked, so there was no way to carry food or ammunition to the front. All trenches of the Taliban were destroyed, and many people were killed." </p> <ul><li><b>December 6</b> – Mullah Omar began to signal that he was ready to surrender Kandahar to tribal forces. His forces were by now broken by heavy U.S. bombing, and he was living constantly on the run within Kandahar to avoid becoming a target. Recognizing that he could not hold on to Kandahar much longer, he began signaling a willingness in negotiations to turn the city over to the tribal leaders, assuming that he and his top men received some protection.</li> <li><b>December 17</b> – The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan</a> is overthrown by the US and Northern Alliance during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tora_Bora" title="Battle of Tora Bora">Battle of Tora Bora</a>.</li> <li><b>December 18</b> – According to a December 18, 2001, article published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, the US and Northern Alliance had started to diverge over the American aerial policy.<sup id="cite_ref-SFChronicle20011218_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFChronicle20011218-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>It quoted a <a href="/wiki/Northern_Alliance" title="Northern Alliance">Northern Alliance</a> commander, who stated: </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td> <dl><dd>"They have got their own program. Last night, they even bombed us. The Americans are going to be restless until Osama is really killed or somebody gives them a document that Osama has been killed."</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>The article quoted a senior American military official, who stated:<sup id="cite_ref-SFChronicle20011218_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFChronicle20011218-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td> <dl><dd>"Look, these <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Shura" title="Eastern Shura">Eastern Shura</a> are basically a group of village leaders. So if the al Qaeda in their area have been driven off, and the caves and tunnels around their areas are now safe again to go in, the battle is basically over from their point of view.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>"But we want to get a lot of those guys who are now fleeing and trying to get away. We want to get bin Laden. So, yeah, we've got different objectives right now."</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <ul><li><b>December 20</b> – <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1386" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1386">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1386</a> on December 20, 2001, supported "international efforts to root out terrorism, in keeping with the Charter of the United Nations, and reaffirming also its resolutions <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1368" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1368">1368</a> (2001) of September 12, 2001, and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1373" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373">1373</a> (2001) of September 28, 2001" and subsequently established the <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Throughout December</b></li></ul> <p>U.S. and Northern Alliance forces are aided by so-called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Alliance (page does not exist)">Eastern Alliance</a> of ethnic Pashtuns in driving the Taliban from control of all areas of Afghanistan. U.S. attacks target al-Qaeda strongholds in <a href="/wiki/Tora_Bora" title="Tora Bora">Tora Bora</a> near the Pakistan border. Many al-Qaeda are taken prisoner by U.S, Pakistan and the new UN-approved interim government of Afghanistan. UN peacekeepers move into Afghanistan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Professor Professor Marc W. Herold of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Hampshire" title="University of New Hampshire">University of New Hampshire</a> estimated that the civilian death toll in the first two months of the war could have been as high as 3,767.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010401012532/http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/jir/jir010315_1_n.shtml">"India joins anti-Taliban coalition"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=U.S.&rft.au=ABC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2Fsections%2Fus%2FDailyNews%2Fstrike_bushtranscript011011.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/02/world/nation-challenged-afghanistan-survivors-recount-fierce-american-raid-that.html">"A NATION CHALLENGED: AFGHANISTAN; Survivors Recount Fierce American Raid that Flattened a Village"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. November 2, 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+NATION+CHALLENGED%3A+AFGHANISTAN%3B+Survivors+Recount+Fierce+American+Raid+that+Flattened+a+Village&rft.date=2001-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F11%2F02%2Fworld%2Fnation-challenged-afghanistan-survivors-recount-fierce-american-raid-that.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/11/02/villagers-describe-deadly-airstrike/38f53a08-efa3-4dad-b46b-69c707f3b768/">"Villagers Describe Deadly Airstrike"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. November 2, 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Villagers+Describe+Deadly+Airstrike&rft.date=2001-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F2001%2F11%2F02%2Fvillagers-describe-deadly-airstrike%2F38f53a08-efa3-4dad-b46b-69c707f3b768%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050620074508/http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/020128fa_FACT">"The New Yorker: Fact"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/020128fa_FACT">the original</a> on 2005-06-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+New+Yorker%3A+Fact&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Ffact%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2F020128fa_FACT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051216152224/http://www.msnbc.com/news/664935.asp?cp1=1">"msnbc: news, video and progressive community. Lean Forward"</a>. <i>MSNBC</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.msnbc.com/news/664935.asp?cp1=1">the original</a> on 16 December 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSNBC&rft.atitle=msnbc%3A+news%2C+video+and+progressive+community.+Lean+Forward.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msnbc.com%2Fnews%2F664935.asp%3Fcp1%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CSMonitor20011204-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CSMonitor20011204_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScott_Peterson2001" class="citation news cs1">Scott Peterson (December 4, 2001). "A view from behind the lines in the US air war: Special operatives are key to the success of American airstrikes in Afghanistan". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=A+view+from+behind+the+lines+in+the+US+air+war%3A+Special+operatives+are+key+to+the+success+of+American+airstrikes+in+Afghanistan&rft.date=2001-12-04&rft.au=Scott+Peterson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFChronicle20011218-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SFChronicle20011218_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFChronicle20011218_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMichael_R._Gordon2001" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_R._Gordon" title="Michael R. Gordon">Michael R. Gordon</a> (December 18, 2001). "As Afghan war winds down, allies are split: Anti-Taliban forces want territory, but U.S. is focused on bin Laden". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=As+Afghan+war+winds+down%2C+allies+are+split%3A+Anti-Taliban+forces+want+territory%2C+but+U.S.+is+focused+on+bin+Laden&rft.date=2001-12-18&rft.au=Michael+R.+Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2001/sc7248.doc.htm">"UN Security Council resolution 1386 (2001)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+Security+Council+resolution+1386+%282001%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FNews%2FPress%2Fdocs%2F2001%2Fsc7248.doc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://educ.jmu.edu/~vannorwc/assets/ghist%20102-150/pages/readings/afghancasualties.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"A Dossier on Civilian Victims of United States' Aerial Bombing of Afghanistan: A Comprehensive Accounting"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22A+Dossier+on+Civilian+Victims+of+United+States%27+Aerial+Bombing+of+Afghanistan%3A+A+Comprehensive+Accounting%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feduc.jmu.edu%2F~vannorwc%2Fassets%2Fghist%2520102-150%2Fpages%2Freadings%2Fafghancasualties.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2001+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Years_in_Afghanistan" title="Template:Years in Afghanistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Years_in_Afghanistan" title="Template talk:Years in Afghanistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Years_in_Afghanistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Years in Afghanistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Years_in_Afghanistan_(1528–present)409" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Afghanistan" title="List of years in Afghanistan">Years</a> in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> (1528–present)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Years_of_the_16th_century_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Years of the 16th century in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">16th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1528_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1528 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1528</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Afghanistan" title="Portal:Afghanistan">Afghanistan portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Years_of_the_18th_century_in_Afghanistan" title="Category:Years of the 18th century in Afghanistan">18th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1729_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1729 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1729</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1738_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1738 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1738</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Years_of_the_19th_century_in_Afghanistan" title="Category:Years of the 19th century in Afghanistan">19th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1823_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1823 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1823</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1826_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1826 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1826</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1834_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1834 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1834</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1839_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1839 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1839</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1840_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1840 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1840</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1841_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1841 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1841</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1842_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1842 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1842</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1878_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1878 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1879_in_Afghanistan" title="1879 in Afghanistan">1879</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1880_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1880 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1881_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1881 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1881</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1882_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1882 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1882</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1883_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1883 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1883</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1884_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1884 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1885_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1885 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1885</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1886_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1886 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1886</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1887_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1887 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1888_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1888 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1889_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1889 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1889</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1890_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1890 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1891_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1891 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1891</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1892_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1892 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1893_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1893 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1893</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1894_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1894 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1894</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_in_Afghanistan" title="1896 in Afghanistan">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1897_in_Afghanistan" title="1897 in Afghanistan">1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1898_in_Afghanistan" title="1898 in Afghanistan">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_Afghanistan" title="1899 in Afghanistan">1899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_Afghanistan" title="1900 in Afghanistan">1900</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Years_of_the_20th_century_in_Afghanistan" title="Category:Years of the 20th century in Afghanistan">20th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1901_in_Afghanistan" title="1901 in Afghanistan">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_in_Afghanistan" title="1902 in Afghanistan">1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_in_Afghanistan" title="1903 in Afghanistan">1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_in_Afghanistan" title="1904 in Afghanistan">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_in_Afghanistan" title="1905 in Afghanistan">1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_in_Afghanistan" title="1906 in Afghanistan">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_in_Afghanistan" title="1907 in Afghanistan">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_in_Afghanistan" title="1908 in Afghanistan">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_in_Afghanistan" title="1909 in Afghanistan">1909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910_in_Afghanistan" title="1910 in Afghanistan">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_in_Afghanistan" title="1911 in Afghanistan">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_in_Afghanistan" title="1912 in Afghanistan">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_Afghanistan" title="1913 in Afghanistan">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Afghanistan" title="1914 in Afghanistan">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_in_Afghanistan" title="1915 in Afghanistan">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_in_Afghanistan" title="1916 in Afghanistan">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_in_Afghanistan" title="1917 in Afghanistan">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_in_Afghanistan" title="1918 in Afghanistan">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_in_Afghanistan" title="1919 in Afghanistan">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_in_Afghanistan" title="1920 in Afghanistan">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921_in_Afghanistan" title="1921 in Afghanistan">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_in_Afghanistan" title="1922 in Afghanistan">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_in_Afghanistan" title="1923 in Afghanistan">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_in_Afghanistan" title="1924 in Afghanistan">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_in_Afghanistan" title="1925 in Afghanistan">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_in_Afghanistan" title="1926 in Afghanistan">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_in_Afghanistan" title="1927 in Afghanistan">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_in_Afghanistan" title="1928 in Afghanistan">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_in_Afghanistan" title="1929 in Afghanistan">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_in_Afghanistan" title="1930 in Afghanistan">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Afghanistan" title="1931 in Afghanistan">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_in_Afghanistan" title="1932 in Afghanistan">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_in_Afghanistan" title="1933 in Afghanistan">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_in_Afghanistan" title="1934 in Afghanistan">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_in_Afghanistan" title="1935 in Afghanistan">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_in_Afghanistan" title="1936 in Afghanistan">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_in_Afghanistan" title="1937 in Afghanistan">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Afghanistan" title="1938 in Afghanistan">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_in_Afghanistan" title="1939 in Afghanistan">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_in_Afghanistan" title="1940 in Afghanistan">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_in_Afghanistan" title="1941 in Afghanistan">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Afghanistan" title="1942 in Afghanistan">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_in_Afghanistan" title="1943 in Afghanistan">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_in_Afghanistan" title="1944 in Afghanistan">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_in_Afghanistan" title="1945 in Afghanistan">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_in_Afghanistan" title="1946 in Afghanistan">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_in_Afghanistan" title="1947 in Afghanistan">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Afghanistan" title="1948 in Afghanistan">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_in_Afghanistan" title="1949 in Afghanistan">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_in_Afghanistan" title="1950 in Afghanistan">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_in_Afghanistan" title="1951 in Afghanistan">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_in_Afghanistan" title="1952 in Afghanistan">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_in_Afghanistan" title="1953 in Afghanistan">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_in_Afghanistan" title="1954 in Afghanistan">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_in_Afghanistan" title="1955 in Afghanistan">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_in_Afghanistan" title="1956 in Afghanistan">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_in_Afghanistan" title="1957 in Afghanistan">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_in_Afghanistan" title="1958 in Afghanistan">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_in_Afghanistan" title="1959 in Afghanistan">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_in_Afghanistan" title="1960 in Afghanistan">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_in_Afghanistan" title="1961 in Afghanistan">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_in_Afghanistan" title="1962 in Afghanistan">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_in_Afghanistan" title="1963 in Afghanistan">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_in_Afghanistan" title="1964 in Afghanistan">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_in_Afghanistan" title="1965 in Afghanistan">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_in_Afghanistan" title="1966 in Afghanistan">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_in_Afghanistan" title="1967 in Afghanistan">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_in_Afghanistan" title="1968 in Afghanistan">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_in_Afghanistan" title="1969 in Afghanistan">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_in_Afghanistan" title="1970 in Afghanistan">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_in_Afghanistan" title="1971 in Afghanistan">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_in_Afghanistan" title="1972 in Afghanistan">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_in_Afghanistan" title="1973 in Afghanistan">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_in_Afghanistan" title="1974 in Afghanistan">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_in_Afghanistan" title="1975 in Afghanistan">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_in_Afghanistan" title="1976 in Afghanistan">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_in_Afghanistan" title="1977 in Afghanistan">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_in_Afghanistan" title="1978 in Afghanistan">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_in_Afghanistan" title="1979 in Afghanistan">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Afghanistan" title="1980 in Afghanistan">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_in_Afghanistan" title="1981 in Afghanistan">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_in_Afghanistan" title="1982 in Afghanistan">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Afghanistan" title="1983 in Afghanistan">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_in_Afghanistan" title="1984 in Afghanistan">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_in_Afghanistan" title="1985 in Afghanistan">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_in_Afghanistan" title="1986 in Afghanistan">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_in_Afghanistan" title="1987 in Afghanistan">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_in_Afghanistan" title="1988 in Afghanistan">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_in_Afghanistan" title="1989 in Afghanistan">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Afghanistan" title="1990 in Afghanistan">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Afghanistan" title="1991 in Afghanistan">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_in_Afghanistan" title="1992 in Afghanistan">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_in_Afghanistan" title="1993 in Afghanistan">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_in_Afghanistan" title="1994 in Afghanistan">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_in_Afghanistan" title="1995 in Afghanistan">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_in_Afghanistan" title="1996 in Afghanistan">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_in_Afghanistan" title="1997 in Afghanistan">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_in_Afghanistan" title="1998 in Afghanistan">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_in_Afghanistan" title="1999 in Afghanistan">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_in_Afghanistan" title="2000 in Afghanistan">2000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Years_of_the_21st_century_in_Afghanistan" title="Category:Years of the 21st century in Afghanistan">21st century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_in_Afghanistan" title="2002 in Afghanistan">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_in_Afghanistan" title="2003 in Afghanistan">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_in_Afghanistan" title="2004 in Afghanistan">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_in_Afghanistan" title="2005 in Afghanistan">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_Afghanistan" title="2006 in Afghanistan">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_Afghanistan" title="2007 in Afghanistan">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_in_Afghanistan" title="2008 in Afghanistan">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_in_Afghanistan" title="2009 in Afghanistan">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_Afghanistan" title="2010 in Afghanistan">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_in_Afghanistan" title="2011 in Afghanistan">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_in_Afghanistan" title="2012 in Afghanistan">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_in_Afghanistan" title="2013 in Afghanistan">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_in_Afghanistan" title="2014 in Afghanistan">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_Afghanistan" title="2015 in Afghanistan">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_Afghanistan" title="2016 in Afghanistan">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_Afghanistan" title="2017 in Afghanistan">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_in_Afghanistan" title="2018 in Afghanistan">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Afghanistan" title="2019 in Afghanistan">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_Afghanistan" title="2020 in Afghanistan">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_Afghanistan" title="2021 in Afghanistan">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_Afghanistan" title="2022 in Afghanistan">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_Afghanistan" title="2023 in Afghanistan">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_Afghanistan" title="2024 in Afghanistan">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_in_Afghanistan" title="2025 in Afghanistan">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2001_in_Asia343" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Year_in_Asia" title="Template:Year in Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Year_in_Asia" title="Template talk:Year in Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_in_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year in Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2001_in_Asia343" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2001 in Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Armenia" title="2001 in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijan" title="History of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s_in_Bahrain" title="2000s in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Bangladesh" title="2001 in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bhutan" title="History of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brunei" title="History of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Myanmar" title="History of Myanmar">Burma (Myanmar)</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cambodia" title="History of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_China" title="2001 in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Cyprus" title="2001 in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Egypt" title="History of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(country)" title="History of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_India" title="2001 in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indonesia" title="History of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Iran" title="2001 in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Iraq" title="2001 in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Israel" title="2001 in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Japan" title="2001 in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jordan" title="History of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kazakhstan" title="History of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_North_Korea" title="2001 in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_South_Korea" title="2001 in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Kuwait" title="2001 in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="History of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Laos" title="2001 in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lebanon" title="History of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Malaysia" title="2001 in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Maldives" title="History of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mongolia" title="History of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Nepal" title="2001 in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oman" title="History of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Pakistan" title="2001 in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_the_Philippines" title="2001 in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Qatar" title="History of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Russia" title="2001 in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="History of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Singapore" title="2001 in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Sri_Lanka" title="2001 in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Syria" title="History of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tajikistan" title="History of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Thailand" title="2001 in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Turkey" title="2001 in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Turkmenistan" title="History of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="2001 in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vietnam" title="History of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Yemen" title="History of Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Abkhazia" title="History of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic">Nagorno-Karabakh Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_the_Palestinian_territories" title="2001 in the Palestinian territories">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Taiwan" title="2001 in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a>, colonies<br />and other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s_in_Hong_Kong" title="2000s in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Macau" title="2001 in Macau">Macau</a></li> <li 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