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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:270px; font-size:100%;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><table style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left; font-size:88%; background:#f3f3f3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <p><span style="font-size:120%">←</span> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1930_in_Afghanistan" title="1930 in Afghanistan">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_in_Afghanistan" title="1929 in Afghanistan">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_in_Afghanistan" title="1928 in Afghanistan">1928</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div> </td><td style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Afghanistan_(1931%E2%80%931973).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg/160px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td class="summary" style="text-align:center; width:50%; font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><span style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/AD_1931" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1931">1931</a></span><br /> in<br /> <span class="adr"><span class="country-name location"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></span></span></td> <td style="text-align:right; font-size:88%; background:#f3f3f3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <p><span style="font-size:120%">→</span> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1932_in_Afghanistan" title="1932 in Afghanistan">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_in_Afghanistan" title="1933 in Afghanistan">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_in_Afghanistan" title="1934 in Afghanistan">1934</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-size:88%;">Decades:</th><td class="infobox-data hlist" style="font-size:88%; text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1910s_in_Afghanistan" title="Category:1910s in Afghanistan">1910s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1920s_in_Afghanistan" title="Category:1920s in Afghanistan">1920s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:1930s_in_Afghanistan" title="Category:1930s in Afghanistan">1930s</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1940s_in_Afghanistan" title="Category:1940s in Afghanistan">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1950s_in_Afghanistan" title="Category:1950s in Afghanistan">1950s</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-size:88%;">See also:</th><td class="infobox-data hlist" style="font-size:88%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">Other events of 1931</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Afghanistan" title="List of years in Afghanistan">List of years in Afghanistan</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/1931_in_Afghanistan" title="Special:EditPage/1931 in Afghanistan">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%221931+in+Afghanistan%22">"1931 in Afghanistan"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%221931+in+Afghanistan%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%221931+in+Afghanistan%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%221931+in+Afghanistan%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%221931+in+Afghanistan%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%221931+in+Afghanistan%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The following lists events that happened during <b><a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a> in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></b>. </p><p>King <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah</a> further consolidates his position, and continues to bring the country into a more settled state, as is noted by traders at the end of the year. Relations with foreign powers continue to be friendly, but the immigration of Europeans is not encouraged, and only a small number of European advisers are retained in the country. King Nadir devotes special attention to the reorganization of the army and the control of the national finances. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incumbents">Incumbents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Incumbents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">Monarch</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Nadir_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Nadir Shah">Mohammed Nadir Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Afghanistan" title="Prime Minister of Afghanistan">Prime Minister</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hashim_Khan" title="Mohammad Hashim Khan">Mohammad Hashim Khan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="April_1931">April 1931</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: April 1931"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After a campaign of several months, the king's brother, <a href="/wiki/Shah_Mahmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Mahmud">Shah Mahmud</a>, succeeds in driving <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Beg" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrahim Beg">Ibrahim Beg</a>, "the Robin Hood of Bokhara," who has been stirring up disaffection in the northeast, across the <a href="/wiki/Oxus" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxus">Oxus</a> into Soviet territory, where he is apprehended and executed.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shah Mahmud's victory is celebrated at the annual festival of national independence in August. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="May_1931">May 1931</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: May 1931"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A consignment of 10,000 rifles and large quantities of ammunition arrives in Afghanistan from <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDupree1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Dupree_(professor)" title="Louis Dupree (professor)">Dupree, Louis</a> (1978). <i>Afghanistan</i>. Princeton University Press. p. 453. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-03006-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-03006-5"><bdi>0-691-03006-5</bdi></a>. <q>Ibrahim Beg, driven across the border by Shah Mahmud, was captured and executed in April 1931, by the Soviets.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Afghanistan&rft.pages=453&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-691-03006-5&rft.aulast=Dupree&rft.aufirst=Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Afghanistan" title="Portal:Afghanistan">Afghanistan portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Years_of_the_18th_century_in_Afghanistan" title="Category:Years of the 18th century in Afghanistan">18th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1729_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1729 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1729</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1738_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1738 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1738</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Years_of_the_19th_century_in_Afghanistan" title="Category:Years of the 19th century in Afghanistan">19th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1823_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1823 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1823</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1826_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1826 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1826</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1834_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1834 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1834</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1839_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1839 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1839</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1840_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1840 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1840</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1841_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1841 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1841</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1842_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1842 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1842</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1878_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1878 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1879_in_Afghanistan" title="1879 in Afghanistan">1879</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1880_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1880 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1881_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1881 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1881</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1882_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1882 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1882</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1883_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1883 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1883</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1884_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1884 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1885_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1885 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1885</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1886_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1886 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1886</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1887_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1887 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1888_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1888 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1889_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1889 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1889</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1890_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1890 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1891_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1891 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1891</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1892_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1892 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1893_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1893 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1893</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1894_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1894 in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">1894</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_in_Afghanistan" title="1896 in Afghanistan">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1897_in_Afghanistan" title="1897 in Afghanistan">1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1898_in_Afghanistan" title="1898 in Afghanistan">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_Afghanistan" title="1899 in Afghanistan">1899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_Afghanistan" title="1900 in Afghanistan">1900</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Years_of_the_20th_century_in_Afghanistan" title="Category:Years of the 20th century in Afghanistan">20th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1901_in_Afghanistan" title="1901 in Afghanistan">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_in_Afghanistan" title="1902 in Afghanistan">1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_in_Afghanistan" title="1903 in Afghanistan">1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_in_Afghanistan" title="1904 in Afghanistan">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_in_Afghanistan" title="1905 in Afghanistan">1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_in_Afghanistan" title="1906 in Afghanistan">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_in_Afghanistan" title="1907 in Afghanistan">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_in_Afghanistan" title="1908 in Afghanistan">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_in_Afghanistan" title="1909 in Afghanistan">1909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910_in_Afghanistan" title="1910 in Afghanistan">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_in_Afghanistan" title="1911 in Afghanistan">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_in_Afghanistan" title="1912 in Afghanistan">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_Afghanistan" title="1913 in Afghanistan">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_Afghanistan" title="1914 in Afghanistan">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_in_Afghanistan" title="1915 in Afghanistan">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_in_Afghanistan" title="1916 in Afghanistan">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_in_Afghanistan" title="1917 in Afghanistan">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_in_Afghanistan" title="1918 in Afghanistan">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_in_Afghanistan" title="1919 in Afghanistan">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_in_Afghanistan" title="1920 in Afghanistan">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921_in_Afghanistan" title="1921 in Afghanistan">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_in_Afghanistan" title="1922 in Afghanistan">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_in_Afghanistan" title="1923 in Afghanistan">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_in_Afghanistan" title="1924 in Afghanistan">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_in_Afghanistan" title="1925 in Afghanistan">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_in_Afghanistan" title="1926 in Afghanistan">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_in_Afghanistan" title="1927 in Afghanistan">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_in_Afghanistan" title="1928 in Afghanistan">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_in_Afghanistan" title="1929 in Afghanistan">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_in_Afghanistan" title="1930 in Afghanistan">1930</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_in_Afghanistan" title="1932 in Afghanistan">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_in_Afghanistan" title="1933 in Afghanistan">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_in_Afghanistan" title="1934 in Afghanistan">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_in_Afghanistan" title="1935 in Afghanistan">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_in_Afghanistan" title="1936 in Afghanistan">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_in_Afghanistan" title="1937 in Afghanistan">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Afghanistan" title="1938 in Afghanistan">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_in_Afghanistan" title="1939 in Afghanistan">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_in_Afghanistan" title="1940 in Afghanistan">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_in_Afghanistan" title="1941 in Afghanistan">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Afghanistan" title="1942 in Afghanistan">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_in_Afghanistan" title="1943 in Afghanistan">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_in_Afghanistan" title="1944 in Afghanistan">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_in_Afghanistan" title="1945 in Afghanistan">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_in_Afghanistan" title="1946 in Afghanistan">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_in_Afghanistan" title="1947 in Afghanistan">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Afghanistan" title="1948 in Afghanistan">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_in_Afghanistan" title="1949 in Afghanistan">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_in_Afghanistan" title="1950 in Afghanistan">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_in_Afghanistan" title="1951 in Afghanistan">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_in_Afghanistan" title="1952 in Afghanistan">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_in_Afghanistan" title="1953 in Afghanistan">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_in_Afghanistan" title="1954 in Afghanistan">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_in_Afghanistan" title="1955 in Afghanistan">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_in_Afghanistan" title="1956 in Afghanistan">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_in_Afghanistan" title="1957 in Afghanistan">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_in_Afghanistan" title="1958 in Afghanistan">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_in_Afghanistan" title="1959 in Afghanistan">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_in_Afghanistan" title="1960 in Afghanistan">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_in_Afghanistan" title="1961 in Afghanistan">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_in_Afghanistan" title="1962 in Afghanistan">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_in_Afghanistan" title="1963 in Afghanistan">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_in_Afghanistan" title="1964 in Afghanistan">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_in_Afghanistan" title="1965 in Afghanistan">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_in_Afghanistan" title="1966 in Afghanistan">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_in_Afghanistan" title="1967 in Afghanistan">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_in_Afghanistan" title="1968 in Afghanistan">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_in_Afghanistan" title="1969 in Afghanistan">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_in_Afghanistan" title="1970 in Afghanistan">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_in_Afghanistan" title="1971 in Afghanistan">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_in_Afghanistan" title="1972 in Afghanistan">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_in_Afghanistan" title="1973 in Afghanistan">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_in_Afghanistan" title="1974 in Afghanistan">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_in_Afghanistan" title="1975 in Afghanistan">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_in_Afghanistan" title="1976 in Afghanistan">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_in_Afghanistan" title="1977 in Afghanistan">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_in_Afghanistan" title="1978 in Afghanistan">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_in_Afghanistan" title="1979 in Afghanistan">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Afghanistan" title="1980 in Afghanistan">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_in_Afghanistan" title="1981 in Afghanistan">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_in_Afghanistan" title="1982 in Afghanistan">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Afghanistan" title="1983 in Afghanistan">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_in_Afghanistan" title="1984 in Afghanistan">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_in_Afghanistan" title="1985 in Afghanistan">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_in_Afghanistan" title="1986 in Afghanistan">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_in_Afghanistan" title="1987 in Afghanistan">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_in_Afghanistan" title="1988 in Afghanistan">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_in_Afghanistan" title="1989 in Afghanistan">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Afghanistan" title="1990 in Afghanistan">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Afghanistan" title="1991 in Afghanistan">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_in_Afghanistan" title="1992 in Afghanistan">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_in_Afghanistan" title="1993 in Afghanistan">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_in_Afghanistan" title="1994 in Afghanistan">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_in_Afghanistan" title="1995 in Afghanistan">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_in_Afghanistan" title="1996 in Afghanistan">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_in_Afghanistan" title="1997 in Afghanistan">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_in_Afghanistan" title="1998 in Afghanistan">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_in_Afghanistan" title="1999 in Afghanistan">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_in_Afghanistan" title="2000 in Afghanistan">2000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Years_of_the_21st_century_in_Afghanistan" title="Category:Years of the 21st century in Afghanistan">21st century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Afghanistan" title="2001 in Afghanistan">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_in_Afghanistan" title="2002 in Afghanistan">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_in_Afghanistan" title="2003 in Afghanistan">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_in_Afghanistan" title="2004 in Afghanistan">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_in_Afghanistan" title="2005 in Afghanistan">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_Afghanistan" title="2006 in Afghanistan">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_Afghanistan" title="2007 in Afghanistan">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_in_Afghanistan" title="2008 in Afghanistan">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_in_Afghanistan" title="2009 in Afghanistan">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_Afghanistan" title="2010 in Afghanistan">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_in_Afghanistan" title="2011 in Afghanistan">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_in_Afghanistan" title="2012 in Afghanistan">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_in_Afghanistan" title="2013 in Afghanistan">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_in_Afghanistan" title="2014 in Afghanistan">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_Afghanistan" title="2015 in Afghanistan">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_Afghanistan" title="2016 in Afghanistan">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_Afghanistan" title="2017 in Afghanistan">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_in_Afghanistan" title="2018 in Afghanistan">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Afghanistan" title="2019 in Afghanistan">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_Afghanistan" title="2020 in Afghanistan">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_Afghanistan" title="2021 in Afghanistan">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_Afghanistan" title="2022 in Afghanistan">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_Afghanistan" title="2023 in Afghanistan">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_Afghanistan" title="2024 in Afghanistan">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_in_Afghanistan" title="2025 in Afghanistan">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1931_in_Asia343" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Year_in_Asia" title="Template:Year in Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Year_in_Asia" title="Template talk:Year in Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_in_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year in Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1931_in_Asia343" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1931 in Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Afghanistan</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bhutan" title="History of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ceylon">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_China" title="1931 in China">China</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Egypt" title="1931 in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Japan" title="1931 in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nepal" title="History of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oman" title="History of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Persia">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1931 in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Siam">Siam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sikkim" title="History of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="1931 in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Transjordan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Transjordan">Transjordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Turkey" title="1931 in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="History of North Yemen">North Yemen</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Armenia" title="History of Armenia">Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijan" title="History of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Belarus" title="History of Belarus">Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(country)" title="History of Georgia (country)">Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic">Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic">Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tajikistan" title="History of Tajikistan">Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tibet" title="History of Tibet">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Turkmen_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic">Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Uzbekistan" title="History of Uzbekistan">Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a>, colonies<br />and other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bahrain" title="History of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_India" title="1931 in India">British India</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_British_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="History of British Malaya">British Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brunei" title="History of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cyprus" title="History of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_French_India" class="mw-redirect" title="History of French India">French India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_French_Indochina" class="mw-redirect" title="History of French Indochina">French Indochina</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kuwait" title="History of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mandatory_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Mandatory Iraq">Mandatory Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1931 in Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mandatory_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Mandatory Syria">Mandatory Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Taiwan" title="1931 in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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