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</div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Indonesia" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Early history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Colonial era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Post-World War II </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Geology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Biodiversity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Conservation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parties_and_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parties_and_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Parties and elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parties_and_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Foreign relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_enforcement_and_human_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_enforcement_and_human_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Law enforcement and human rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_enforcement_and_human_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Science and technology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups_and_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups_and_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Ethnic groups and languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups_and_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Healthcare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Art_and_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_and_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Art and architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_and_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music,_dance_and_clothing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music,_dance_and_clothing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Music, dance and clothing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music,_dance_and_clothing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatre_and_cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre_and_cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Theatre and cinema </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre_and_cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mass_media_and_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_media_and_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Mass media and literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_media_and_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Indonesia</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 287 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-287" aria-hidden="true" > 287 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%C3%B4n%C3%A8sia" title="Indônèsia – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Indônèsia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8D" title="Индонезиэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Индонезиэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Индонезие – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Индонезие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesi%C3%AB" title="Indonesië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Indonesië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesien" title="Indonesien – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Indonesien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B6%E1%8A%94%E1%8B%A5%E1%8B%AB" title="ኢንዶኔዥያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኢንዶኔዥያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="इंडोनेशिया – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="इंडोनेशिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Индонезиа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Индонезиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="إندونيسيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إندونيسيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ինտոնեզիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ինտոնեզիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endon%C3%A8sia" title="Endonèsia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Endonèsia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="इण्डोनेशिया – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="इण्डोनेशिया" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indon%C3%A9sia" title="Indonésia – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Indonésia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индонезия – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Индонезия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indunisya" title="Indunisya – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Indunisya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ndoneziya" title="İndoneziya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İndoneziya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="اندونزی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اندونزی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indon%C3%A9sia" title="Indonésia – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Indonésia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ইন্দোনেশিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইন্দোনেশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indunisia" title="Indunisia – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Indunisia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cn-n%C3%AE" title="Ìn-nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ìn-nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индонезия – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Индонезия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Інданезія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Інданезія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Інданэзія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Інданэзія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="इंडोनेशिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इंडोनेशिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesya" title="Indonesya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Indonesya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индонезия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Индонезия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesien" title="Indonesien – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Indonesien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨིན་རྡུ་ནི་ཤིས་ཡ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨིན་རྡུ་ནི་ཤིས་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonezija" title="Indonezija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Indonezija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonezia" title="Indonezia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Indonezia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Индонези – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Индонези" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indon%C3%A8sia" title="Indonèsia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Indonèsia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Индонези – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Индонези" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indon%C3%A9sie" title="Indonésie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Indonésie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonezha" title="Indonezha – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Indonezha" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indunesia" title="Indunesia – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Indunesia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesien" title="Indonesien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Indonesien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="أندونيسيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أندونيسيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesien" title="Indonesien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indonesien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%AE%DE%82%DE%AD%DE%9D%DE%A8%DE%94%DE%A7" title="އިންޑޮނޭޝިޔާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިންޑޮނޭޝިޔާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9yah_Dah_Ndaa%CA%BCee%C5%82%C3%AD_%C5%81%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Kéyah Dah Ndaaʼeełí Łání – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Kéyah Dah Ndaaʼeełí Łání" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoneziska" title="Indoneziska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Indoneziska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="इण्डोनेसिया – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="इण्डोनेसिया" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoneesia" title="Indoneesia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Indoneesia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ινδονησία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινδονησία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индонезия – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Индонезия" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonezio" title="Indonezio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Indonezio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="اندونزی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اندونزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indon%C3%A9sie" title="Indonésie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Indonésie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yndoneezje" title="Yndoneezje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Yndoneezje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inndonesiya" title="Inndonesiya – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Inndonesiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Indin%C3%A9is" title="An Indinéis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Indinéis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Indoneesh" title="Yn Indoneesh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Indoneesh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ndoneziya" title="İndoneziya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İndoneziya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Innd-Innse" title="An Innd-Innse – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Innd-Innse" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="ХӀиндонези – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ХӀиндонези" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="印度尼西亞 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="印度尼西亞" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A4%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="أندؤنزي – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="أندؤنزي" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%88%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="ઈંડોનેશિયા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઈંડોનેશિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="इंडोनेशिया – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="इंडोनेशिया" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin-n%C3%AC" title="Yin-nì – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yin-nì" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84%EB%84%A4%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="인도네시아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도네시아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiya" title="Indonesiya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Indonesiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBInidonesia" title="ʻInidonesia – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻInidonesia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ինդոնեզիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ինդոնեզիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="इंडोनेशिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इंडोनेशिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoneska" title="Indoneska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Indoneska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonezija" title="Indonezija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Indonezija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonezia" title="Indonezia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Indonezia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ইন্দোনেশিয়া – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ইন্দোনেশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%84%E1%93%85%E1%93%AF%E1%90%8A" title="ᐄᓅᓯᐊ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐄᓅᓯᐊ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intunisia" title="Intunisia – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Intunisia" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Индонези – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Индонези" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Indonesia" title="I-Indonesia – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="I-Indonesia" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%C3%B3nes%C3%ADa" title="Indónesía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Indónesía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94" title="אינדונזיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אינדונזיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indhon%C3%A9sia" title="Indhonésia – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Indhonésia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90ndonezi" title="Ɛndonezi – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɛndonezi" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE" title="ಇಂಡೋನೇಷ್ಯಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಂಡೋನೇಷ್ಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индонезия – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Индонезия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ინდონეზია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდონეზია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%90%D9%86%D9%9B%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%90%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="اِنٛڈونیشِیا – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اِنٛڈونیشِیا" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jindonezj%C3%B4" title="Jindonezjô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Jindonezjô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индонезия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Индонезия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesi" title="Indonesi – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Indonesi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiya" title="Indonesiya – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Indonesiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индонезия – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Индонезия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endonezi" title="Endonezi – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Endonezi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endon%C3%A9zi" title="Endonézi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Endonézi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Endonezya" title="Îndonezya – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îndonezya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индонезия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Индонезия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Индонези – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Индонези" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%8D" title="ປະເທດອິນໂດເນເຊຍ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດອິນໂດເນເຊຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indon%C4%93zija" title="Indonēzija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Indonēzija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesien" title="Indonesien – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Indonesien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индонезия – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Индонезия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonezija" title="Indonezija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Indonezija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonexia" title="Indonexia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Indonexia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesi%C3%AB" title="Indonesië – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Indonesië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonez%C3%AD" title="Indonezí – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Indonezí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonezii" title="Indonezii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Indonezii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/bidgu%27e" title="bidgu'e – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="bidgu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indunesia" title="Indunesia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Indunesia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indon%C3%A9zia" title="Indonézia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Indonézia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%E1%B8%8Don%C3%A8sia" title="Inḍonèsia – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Inḍonèsia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="इन्डोनेसिया – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="इन्डोनेसिया" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Индонезија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Индонезија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%C3%B4nezia" title="Indônezia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Indônezia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="ഇന്തോനേഷ്യ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്തോനേഷ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indone%C5%BCja" title="Indoneżja – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Indoneżja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initon%C4%ABhia" title="Initonīhia – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Initonīhia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="इंडोनेशिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इंडोनेशिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ინდონეზია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინდონეზია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اندونيسيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اندونيسيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="اندونزی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اندونزی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯏꯟꯗꯣꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯟꯗꯣꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ng-n%C3%A0%CC%A4" title="Éng-nà̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Éng-nà̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andon%C3%A9sia" title="Andonésia – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Andonésia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индонэзия – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Индонэзия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Индонез – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Индонез" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="အင်ဒိုနီးရှားနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အင်ဒိုနီးရှားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Nigerian Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigerian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Naijá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idonisia" title="Idonisia – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Idonisia" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesi%C3%AB" title="Indonesië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Indonesië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonezie" title="Indonezie – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Indonezie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="इन्डोनेसिया – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इन्डोनेसिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="इन्दोनेसिया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इन्दोनेसिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2" title="インドネシア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インドネシア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%8D%DF%B2%DF%98%DF%8F%DF%A3%DF%9B%DF%8C%DF%AB" title="ߍ߲ߘߏߣߛߌ߫ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߍ߲ߘߏߣߛߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">ߒߞߏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="ХӀиндонези – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ХӀиндонези" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoneesien/fe" title="Indoneesien/fe – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Indoneesien/fe" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endonesya" title="Endonesya – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Endonesya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Индонезий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Индонезий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="ଇଣ୍ଡୋନେସିଆ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଇଣ୍ଡୋନେସିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoneeshiyaa" title="Indoneeshiyaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Indoneeshiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoneziya" title="Indoneziya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Indoneziya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="इन्दोनेशिया – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="इन्दोनेशिया" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiya" title="Indonesiya – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Indonesiya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="انڈونیشیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انڈونیشیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="အေန်ဒိုနီးသျားခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အေန်ဒိုနီးသျားခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اندونيزيا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اندونيزيا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoniija" title="Indoniija – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Indoniija" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A5%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8" title="ឥណ្ឌូណេស៊ី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឥណ្ឌូណេស៊ី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indon%C3%A9sie" title="Indonésie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Indonésie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonisia" title="Indonisia – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Indonisia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesien" title="Indonesien – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Indonesien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonezja" title="Indonezja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Indonezja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indon%C3%A9sia" title="Indonésia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Indonésia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoneziya" title="Indoneziya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Indoneziya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ndoneziya" title="İndoneziya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İndoneziya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesien" title="Indonesien – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Indonesien" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonezia" title="Indonezia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Indonezia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inrunisya" title="Inrunisya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Inrunisya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Індонезія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Індонезія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индонезия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Индонезия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индонезия – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Индонезия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initonesia" title="Initonesia – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Initonesia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="इण्डोनेशिया – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="इण्डोनेशिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Anndonez%C3%AFi" title="Ênndonezïi – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Ênndonezïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indon%C3%A8sia" title="Indonèsia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Indonèsia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesie" title="Indonesie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Indonesie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesien" title="Indonesien – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Indonesien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonezia" title="Indonezia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Indonezia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indunesia" title="Indunesia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Indunesia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ඉන්දුනීසියාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉන්දුනීසියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="انڊونيشيا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انڊونيشيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/INdonesiya" title="INdonesiya – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="INdonesiya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indon%C3%A9zia" title="Indonézia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Indonézia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonezija" title="Indonezija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Indonezija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%87%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Їндонисїꙗ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Їндонисїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%C5%AFnezyjo" title="Indůnezyjo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Indůnezyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indunisiya" title="Indunisiya – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Indunisiya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ئیندۆنیزیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیندۆنیزیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesikondre" title="Indonesikondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Indonesikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Индонезија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Индонезија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonezija" title="Indonezija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Indonezija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indon%C3%A9sia" title="Indonésia – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Indonésia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesien" title="Indonesien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Indonesien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="இந்தோனேசியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்தோனேசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indunisya" title="Indunisya – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Indunisya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indunisya" title="Indunisya – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Indunisya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesie" title="Indonesie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Indonesie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индонезия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Индонезия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%80%AD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းဢိၼ်ႇတူဝ်ႇၼီးသျႃး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢိၼ်ႇတူဝ်ႇၼီးသျႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="ఇండోనేషియా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇండోనేషియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indon%C3%A9zia" title="Indonézia – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Indonézia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศอินโดนีเซีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศอินโดนีเซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B6%E1%8A%94%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%AB" title="ኢንዶኔስያ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ኢንዶኔስያ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индонезия – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Индонезия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBIniton%C4%93sia" title="ʻInitonēsia – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻInitonēsia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A2%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%99%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%AF" title="ᎢᏂᏙᏂᏍᏯ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎢᏂᏙᏂᏍᏯ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endonezya" title="Endonezya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Endonezya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonezi%C3%BDa" title="Indoneziýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Indoneziýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonisia" title="Indonisia – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Indonisia" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndonisiya" title="Ndonisiya – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ndonisiya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индонезия – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Индонезия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%89%E1%A8%9A%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%99%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%95" title="ᨕᨗᨊᨉᨚᨊᨙᨔᨗᨕ – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨕᨗᨊᨉᨚᨊᨙᨔᨗᨕ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Індонезія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Індонезія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="انڈونیشیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انڈونیشیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%89%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="ھىندونېزىيە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھىندونېزىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yinniz" title="Yinniz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yinniz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indon%C3%A8zia" title="Indonèzia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Indonèzia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonezii" title="Indonezii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Indonezii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lind%C3%A4na-Se%C3%A4nu%C3%A4ns" title="Lindäna-Seänuäns – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lindäna-Seänuäns" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoneesi%C3%A4" title="Indoneesiä – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Indoneesiä" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonezeye" title="Indonezeye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Indonezeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="印度尼西亞 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="印度尼西亞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesi%C3%AB" title="Indonesië – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Indonesië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoneesi" title="Endoneesi – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Endoneesi" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="印度尼西亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A2" title="אינדאנעזיע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אינדאנעזיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indon%C3%A9s%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Indonésíà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Indonésíà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC" title="印尼 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="印尼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ndonezya" title="İndonezya – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İndonezya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesi%C3%AB" title="Indonesië – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Indonesië" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonez%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Indonezėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Indonezėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印度尼西亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bajau Sama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indon%C3%A9sia" title="Indonésia – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Indonésia" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Indonesia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%AB%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%9F%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%A2%E1%A5%B1_%E1%A5%96%E1%A5%A8%E1%A5%9D%E1%A5%B1_%E1%A5%A2%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%94%E1%A5%A6%E1%A5%B0" title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥟᥤᥢᥱ ᥖᥨᥝᥱ ᥢᥤᥰ ᥔᥦᥰ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥟᥤᥢᥱ ᥖᥨᥝᥱ ᥢᥤᥰ ᥔᥦᥰ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonezij%C9%99" title="Indonezijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Indonezijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" 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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Indonesia&params=5_S_120_E_type:country_region:ID">5°S 120°E / 5°S 120°E / -5; 120</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Country in Southeast Asia and Oceania</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the country. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Indonesia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Indonesia (disambiguation)">Indonesia (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republic of Indonesia</div><div class="ib-country-names">Republik Indonesia (<a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Indonesia"><img alt="Flag of Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/125px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/188px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/250px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Indonesia" title="Flag of Indonesia">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Indonesia"><img alt="Emblem of Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg/85px-National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg/128px-National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg/170px-National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="550" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblem of Indonesia"> Emblem</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto:  <a href="/wiki/Bhinneka_Tunggal_Ika" title="Bhinneka Tunggal Ika">Bhinneka Tunggal Ika</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Javanese" title="Old Javanese">Old Javanese</a>) "Unity in Diversity"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: <a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Raya" title="Indonesia Raya">Indonesia Raya</a> "Indonesia the Great" <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="110" data-mwtitle="Indonesia_Raya_instrumental.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Indonesia_Raya_instrumental.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/Indonesia_Raya_instrumental.ogg/Indonesia_Raya_instrumental.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIndonesia_Raya_instrumental.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIndonesia_Raya_instrumental.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIndonesia_Raya_instrumental.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIndonesia_Raya_instrumental.ogg&lang=tl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog ‪(tl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIndonesia_Raya_instrumental.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIndonesia_Raya_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh-hans&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIndonesia_Raya_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIndonesia_Raya_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">National ideology: <a href="/wiki/Pancasila_(politics)" title="Pancasila (politics)">Pancasila</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>) "The Five Principles"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Indonesia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Indonesia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Indonesia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Indonesia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Indonesia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Indonesia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Indonesia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a>Show globe</div><div><a href="/wiki/File:Location_Indonesia_ASEAN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Location_Indonesia_ASEAN.svg/250px-Location_Indonesia_ASEAN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Location_Indonesia_ASEAN.svg/375px-Location_Indonesia_ASEAN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Location_Indonesia_ASEAN.svg/500px-Location_Indonesia_ASEAN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="900" /></a>Show ASEAN</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Indonesia&params=6_10_S_106_49_E_type:city_region:ID">6°10′S 106°49′E / 6.167°S 106.817°E / -6.167; 106.817</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-lang">Indigenous languages</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Languages of Indonesia">718 languages</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Writing system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> (predominantly) <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Regional</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Rencong</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Indonesia" title="Ethnic groups in Indonesia">See ethnic groups</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2023)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>87.1% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Islam in Indonesia">Islam</a></li> <li>10.5% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Indonesia" title="Christianity in Indonesia">Christianity</a> <ul><li>7.4% <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a></li> <li>3.1% <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li>1.7% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Indonesia" title="Hinduism in Indonesia">Hinduism</a></li> <li>0.7% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Indonesia" title="Buddhism in Indonesia">Buddhism</a></li> <li>0.08% <a href="/wiki/Aliran_Kepercayaan" title="Aliran Kepercayaan">Folk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Religion in Indonesia">others</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[b]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indonesians" title="Indonesians">Indonesian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Indonesia" title="Politics of Indonesia">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary <a href="/wiki/Presidential_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential republic">presidential republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia" title="President of Indonesia">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo Subianto</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Indonesia" title="Vice President of Indonesia">Vice President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gibran_Rakabuming_Raka" title="Gibran Rakabuming Raka">Gibran Rakabuming Raka</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_(Indonesia)" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives (Indonesia)">House Speaker</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Puan_Maharani" title="Puan Maharani">Puan Maharani</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Indonesia" title="Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia">Supreme Court</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunarto_(judge)" title="Sunarto (judge)">Sunarto</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Constitutional_Court_of_Indonesia" title="Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia">Constitutional Court</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Suhartoyo" title="Suhartoyo">Suhartoyo</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Consultative_Assembly" title="People's Consultative Assembly">People's Consultative Assembly</a> (MPR)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Regional_Representative_Council" title="Regional Representative Council">Regional Representative Council</a> (DPD)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Indonesia)" title="House of Representatives (Indonesia)">House of Representatives</a> (DPR)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Independence</a> <div class="ib-country-sovereignty">from the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonial_empire" title="Dutch colonial empire">Netherlands</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence" title="Proclamation of Indonesian Independence">Proclaimed</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">17 August 1945</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Dutch%E2%80%93Indonesian_Round_Table_Conference" title="Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference">Recognised</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">27 December 1949</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Indonesia" title="Geography of Indonesia">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,904,569<a href="#cite_note-5">[3]</a> km2 (735,358 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">14th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Water_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Water area">Water (%)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4.85</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Indonesia" title="Demographics of Indonesia">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Q2 2024 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 282,477,584<a href="#cite_note-6">[4]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">4th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2020 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">270,203,917<a href="#cite_note-2020census-7">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">143/km2 (370.4/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">88th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $4.658 trillion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.ID-8">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">8th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $16,542<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.ID-8">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">102nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $1.402 trillion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.ID-8">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">16th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $4,980<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.ID-8">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">118th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2024)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 37.9<a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>medium inequality</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.713<a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-10">[8]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">high (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">112th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah" title="Indonesian rupiah">Indonesian rupiah</a> (Rp) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">IDR</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+7 to +9 (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Indonesia" title="Time in Indonesia">IDT</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data">DD/MM/YYYY</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Left</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Indonesia" title="Telephone numbers in Indonesia">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%2B62" class="mw-redirect" title="+62">+62</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:ID" title="ISO 3166-2:ID">ID</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.id" title=".id">.id</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Indonesia,<a href="#cite_note-13">[c]</a> officially the Republic of Indonesia,<a href="#cite_note-fn1-14">[d]</a> is a country in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>, between the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific</a> oceans. It consists of over <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Indonesia" title="List of islands of Indonesia">17,000 islands</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a>, and parts of <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>. Indonesia is the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Archipelagic_state" title="Archipelagic state">archipelagic state</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">14th-largest country by area</a>, at 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles). With over 280 million people, Indonesia is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">fourth-most-populous country</a> and the most populous <a href="/wiki/Islam_by_country" title="Islam by country">Muslim-majority country</a>. Java, the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_population" title="List of islands by population">most populous island</a>, is home to more than half of the country's population. Indonesia is a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential republic</a> with an elected <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Consultative_Assembly" title="People's Consultative Assembly">legislature</a>. It has <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Provinces of Indonesia">38 provinces</a>, of which nine have <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">special autonomous status</a>. The country's largest city, <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">second-most-populous urban area</a>. Indonesia shares <a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Indonesia" title="Template:Borders of Indonesia">land borders</a> with <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/East_Malaysia" title="East Malaysia">eastern part of Malaysia</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Maritime_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime border">maritime borders</a> with <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">the Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a>, and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support one of the <a href="/wiki/Megadiverse_countries" title="Megadiverse countries">world's highest levels of biodiversity</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(term)" title="Nusantara (term)">Indonesian archipelago</a> has been a valuable region for <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trade</a> since at least the seventh century, when Sumatra's <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a> and later Java's <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a> kingdoms engaged in <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commerce</a> with entities from <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>. Over the centuries, local rulers assimilated foreign influences, leading to the flourishing of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Indonesia" title="Hinduism in Indonesia">Hindu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Indonesia" title="Buddhism in Indonesia">Buddhist</a> kingdoms. <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> traders and <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a> scholars later brought <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Islam in Indonesia">Islam</a>, and European powers fought one another to monopolise trade in the Spice Islands of <a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a>. Following three and a half centuries of <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies#History" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch colonialism</a>, Indonesia secured <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence" title="Proclamation of Indonesian Independence">its independence</a> after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a <a href="/wiki/Post-Suharto_era_in_Indonesia" title="Post-Suharto era in Indonesia">democratisation</a> process, and periods of rapid economic growth. Indonesia consists of hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Indonesia" title="Ethnic groups in Indonesia">distinct ethnic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Languages of Indonesia">linguistic</a> groups, with <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a> being the largest. A shared identity has developed with the motto "<a href="/wiki/Bhinneka_Tunggal_Ika" title="Bhinneka Tunggal Ika">Bhinneka Tunggal Ika</a>" ("Unity in Diversity" literally, "many, yet one"), defined by a <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">national language</a>, cultural diversity, religious pluralism within a Muslim-majority population, and a history of <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonialism</a> and rebellion against it. A <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing country</a>, Indonesia is classified a <a href="/wiki/Newly_industrialised_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Newly industrialised country">newly industrialised country</a>, with its <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia" title="Economy of Indonesia">economy</a> the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">16th-largest by nominal GDP</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">8th-largest by PPP</a>. It is the world's third-largest democracy, <a href="/wiki/Regional_power" title="Regional power">regional power</a>, and is considered a <a href="/wiki/Middle_power" title="Middle power">middle power</a> in global affairs. The country is a member of several multilateral organisations, including the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a>, <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a>, <a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> and a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a>, <a href="/wiki/MIKTA" title="MIKTA">MIKTA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">APEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/D-8_Organization_for_Economic_Cooperation" title="D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation">D-8</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_Indonesia" title="Names of Indonesia">Names of Indonesia</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1855_Colton_Map_of_the_East_Indies_(Singapore,_Thailand,_Borneo,_Malaysia)_-_Geographicus_-_EastIndies-colton-1855.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/1855_Colton_Map_of_the_East_Indies_%28Singapore%2C_Thailand%2C_Borneo%2C_Malaysia%29_-_Geographicus_-_EastIndies-colton-1855.jpg/200px-1855_Colton_Map_of_the_East_Indies_%28Singapore%2C_Thailand%2C_Borneo%2C_Malaysia%29_-_Geographicus_-_EastIndies-colton-1855.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/1855_Colton_Map_of_the_East_Indies_%28Singapore%2C_Thailand%2C_Borneo%2C_Malaysia%29_-_Geographicus_-_EastIndies-colton-1855.jpg/300px-1855_Colton_Map_of_the_East_Indies_%28Singapore%2C_Thailand%2C_Borneo%2C_Malaysia%29_-_Geographicus_-_EastIndies-colton-1855.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/1855_Colton_Map_of_the_East_Indies_%28Singapore%2C_Thailand%2C_Borneo%2C_Malaysia%29_-_Geographicus_-_EastIndies-colton-1855.jpg/400px-1855_Colton_Map_of_the_East_Indies_%28Singapore%2C_Thailand%2C_Borneo%2C_Malaysia%29_-_Geographicus_-_EastIndies-colton-1855.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2873" /></a><figcaption>The Indonesian archipelago has carried different names in the past, such as "East Indies" in this 1855 map</figcaption></figure> The name Indonesia derives from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> words <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Indo-" class="extiw" title="wikt:Indo-">Indos</a> (Ἰνδός) and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BD%E1%BF%86%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:νῆσος">nesos</a> (νῆσος), meaning "Indian islands".<a href="#cite_note-EcoSeas1-15">[11]</a> The name dates back to the 19th century, far predating the formation of independent Indonesia. In 1850, <a href="/wiki/George_Windsor_Earl" title="George Windsor Earl">George Windsor Earl</a>, an English <a href="/wiki/Ethnology" title="Ethnology">ethnologist</a>, proposed the terms Indunesians—and, his preference, Malayunesians—for the inhabitants of the "Indian Archipelago or <a href="/wiki/Malay_Archipelago" title="Malay Archipelago">Malay Archipelago</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarl1850119-16">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-indoety-17">[13]</a> In the same publication, one of his students, <a href="/wiki/James_Richardson_Logan" title="James Richardson Logan">James Richardson Logan</a>, used Indonesia as a synonym for Indian Archipelago.<a href="#cite_note-18">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEarl1850254,_277–278-19">[15]</a> Dutch academics writing in East Indies publications were reluctant to use Indonesia. They preferred Malay Archipelago (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: Maleische Archipel); the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Netherlands East Indies</a> (Nederlandsch Oost Indië), popularly Indië; the East (de Oost); and Insulinde.<a href="#cite_note-Kroef-20">[16]</a> After 1900, Indonesia became more common in academic circles outside the Netherlands, and native nationalist groups adopted it for political expression.<a href="#cite_note-Kroef-20">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Bastian" title="Adolf Bastian">Adolf Bastian</a> of the University of Berlin popularised the name through his book Indonesien oder die Inseln des Malayischen Archipels, 1884–1894. The first native scholar to use the name was <a href="/wiki/Ki_Hajar_Dewantara" title="Ki Hajar Dewantara">Ki Hajar Dewantara</a> when in 1913, he established a press bureau in the Netherlands, Indonesisch Pers-bureau.<a href="#cite_note-indoety-17">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Indonesia" title="History of Indonesia">History of Indonesia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Indonesia" title="Prehistoric Indonesia">Prehistoric Indonesia</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lubang_Jeriji_Sal%C3%A9h_cave_painting_of_Bull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Lubang_Jeriji_Sal%C3%A9h_cave_painting_of_Bull.jpg/214px-Lubang_Jeriji_Sal%C3%A9h_cave_painting_of_Bull.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Lubang_Jeriji_Sal%C3%A9h_cave_painting_of_Bull.jpg/321px-Lubang_Jeriji_Sal%C3%A9h_cave_painting_of_Bull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Lubang_Jeriji_Sal%C3%A9h_cave_painting_of_Bull.jpg/428px-Lubang_Jeriji_Sal%C3%A9h_cave_painting_of_Bull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1814" data-file-height="1155" /></a><figcaption>One of the oldest known <a href="/wiki/Figurative_art" title="Figurative art">figurative paintings</a>, a depiction of a bull, was discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Lubang_Jeriji_Sal%C3%A9h" title="Lubang Jeriji Saléh">Lubang Jeriji Saléh</a> cave dated as over 40,000 to 44,000 years old.</figcaption></figure> The Indonesian archipelago has been inhabited since the time of <a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">homo erectus</a> or "Java Man," with fossils dating back 2 million to 500,000 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[19]</a> Fossils of <a href="/wiki/Homo_floresiensis" title="Homo floresiensis">homo floresiensis</a>, found on Flores, date around 700,000 to 60,000 BCE, while <a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">homo sapiens</a> arrived around 43,000 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-24">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-25">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[22]</a> Sulawesi and Borneo are home to the world's oldest known <a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">cave paintings</a>, dating back 40,000 to 60,000 years,<a href="#cite_note-:0-27">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[24]</a> and megalithic sites such as western Java's <a href="/wiki/Gunung_Padang" title="Gunung Padang">Gunung Padang</a>, Sulawesi's <a href="/wiki/Lore_Lindu_National_Park" title="Lore Lindu National Park">Lore Lindu</a> as well as Sumatra's Nias and Sumba reflect early human settlements and ceremonial practices.<a href="#cite_note-29">[25]</a> Around 2,000 BCE, <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a> began arriving from the island now known as <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> in Southeast Asia, gradually displacing native <a href="/wiki/Melanesians" title="Melanesians">Melanesians</a> to the far eastern part of the archipelago as they spread east,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor20035–7-30">[26]</a> and would eventually form the majority of Indonesia's modern population. Favorable agricultural conditions and advancements like <a href="/wiki/Paddy_field" title="Paddy field">wet-field rice cultivation</a> by the 8th century BCE<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor20038–9-31">[27]</a> enabled the growth of villages and kingdoms by the first century CE. The archipelago's strategic location fostered inter-island and international exchange with civilizations from the Indian subcontinent and mainland China, profoundly influencing Indonesian history and culture through trade.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor20033,_9–11,_13–15,_18–20,_22–23-32">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers200518–20,_60,_133–134-33">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor200315–18-34">[30]</a> By the 7th century CE, the <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a> naval kingdom thrived on trade, adopting Hindu and Buddhist influences. The 8th to 10th centuries saw the rise and decline of the Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Sailendra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sailendra">Sailendra</a> and Hindu <a href="/wiki/Mataram_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Mataram Kingdom">Mataram</a> dynasties, leaving monumental legacies like the <a href="/wiki/Borobudur" title="Borobudur">Borobudur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prambanan" title="Prambanan">Prambanan</a> temples. <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a>, a Hindu kingdom established in the late 13th century in eastern Java, dominated much of the archipelago under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Gajah_Mada" title="Gajah Mada">Gajah Mada</a> in a period often referred to as the "Golden Age" in Indonesian history.<a href="#cite_note-35">[31]</a> Islam <a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Spread of Islam in Indonesia">arrived</a> in the 13th century in northern Sumatra,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERicklefs19913–14-36">[32]</a> and following gradual adoption in other islands, it became the dominant religion in Java and Sumatra by the 16th century, blending with pre-existing traditions to form a distinct Islamic culture, particularly in Java.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERicklefs199112–14-37">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_era">Colonial era</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolaas_Pieneman_-_The_Submission_of_Prince_Dipo_Negoro_to_General_De_Kock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nicolaas_Pieneman_-_The_Submission_of_Prince_Dipo_Negoro_to_General_De_Kock.jpg/220px-Nicolaas_Pieneman_-_The_Submission_of_Prince_Dipo_Negoro_to_General_De_Kock.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nicolaas_Pieneman_-_The_Submission_of_Prince_Dipo_Negoro_to_General_De_Kock.jpg/330px-Nicolaas_Pieneman_-_The_Submission_of_Prince_Dipo_Negoro_to_General_De_Kock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nicolaas_Pieneman_-_The_Submission_of_Prince_Dipo_Negoro_to_General_De_Kock.jpg/440px-Nicolaas_Pieneman_-_The_Submission_of_Prince_Dipo_Negoro_to_General_De_Kock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6124" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>Painting from 1835 illustrating the submission of Prince <a href="/wiki/Diponegoro" title="Diponegoro">Diponegoro</a> to <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Merkus_de_Kock" title="Hendrik Merkus de Kock">General De Kock</a> at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Java_War" title="Java War">Java War</a> in 1830</figcaption></figure> In 1512, Europeans began arriving in the archipelago led by Portuguese traders under <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Serr%C3%A3o" title="Francisco Serrão">Francisco Serrão</a> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire_in_the_Indonesian_Archipelago" title="Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago">to seek monopoly</a> of the lucrative <a href="/wiki/Spice_trade" title="Spice trade">spice trade</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku Islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERicklefs199122–24-38">[34]</a> Dutch and British traders soon followed, with the former establishing the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, VOC) in 1602 that eventually became the dominant European power for almost two centuries. After the VOC's dissolution in 1799 due to bankruptcy, the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> was established as a nationalised colony,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERicklefs199124-39">[35]</a> marking the beginning of formal colonial rule by the <a href="/wiki/Batavian_Republic" title="Batavian Republic">Netherlands</a>. Over the next century and a half, Dutch control over the archipelago was tenuous for much of this period, as they faced continuous rebellions from local leaders like Prince <a href="/wiki/Diponegoro" title="Diponegoro">Diponegoro</a> in central Java <a href="/wiki/Imam_Bonjol" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Bonjol">Imam Bonjol</a> in central Sumatra, <a href="/wiki/Pattimura" title="Pattimura">Pattimura</a> in Maluku, and <a href="/wiki/Aceh_War" title="Aceh War">fighters in Aceh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwarz19943–4-40">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERicklefs1991142-41">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriend200321-42">[38]</a> Dutch dominance only extended to Indonesia's modern boundaries in the early 20th century,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriend200321-42">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERicklefs199161–147-43">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2003209–278-44">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers200510–14-45">[41]</a> with the establishment of Dutch posts in <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies_campaign" title="Dutch East Indies campaign">Japanese invasion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">occupation of the Indies</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> ended Dutch rule&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(October_2020)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERicklefs1991[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_October_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(October_2020)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-46">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[44]</a> and encouraged Indonesia's independence movement.<a href="#cite_note-49">[45]</a> Only two days after <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Japan's surrender</a> in August 1945, <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta">Mohammad Hatta</a> issued the <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence" title="Proclamation of Indonesian Independence">Proclamation of Indonesian Independence</a>, and they became the country's first president and vice-president along with <a href="/wiki/Sutan_Sjahrir" title="Sutan Sjahrir">Sutan Sjahrir</a> as Prime Minister.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2003325-50">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bidien1945-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2003325-50">[46]</a> The Netherlands attempted to re-establish their rule, prompting the start of <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesia's war of independence against the Dutch</a>. The conflict lasted until 1949 when the Dutch recognised Indonesian independence in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch%E2%80%93Indonesian_Round_Table_Conference" title="Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference">Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference</a> following international pressure.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriend200335-53">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bidien1945-52">[48]</a> Despite political, social, and sectarian divisions, Indonesians found unity in their fight for independence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriend200321,_23-54">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERicklefs1991211–213-55">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-World_War_II">Post-World War II</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:125px;max-width:125px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:177px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Presiden_Sukarno.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Presiden_Sukarno.jpg/123px-Presiden_Sukarno.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Presiden_Sukarno.jpg/185px-Presiden_Sukarno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Presiden_Sukarno.jpg/246px-Presiden_Sukarno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3156" data-file-height="4557" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:123px;max-width:123px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:177px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohammad_Hatta,_Pekan_Buku_Indonesia_1954,_p242.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Mohammad_Hatta%2C_Pekan_Buku_Indonesia_1954%2C_p242.jpg/121px-Mohammad_Hatta%2C_Pekan_Buku_Indonesia_1954%2C_p242.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Mohammad_Hatta%2C_Pekan_Buku_Indonesia_1954%2C_p242.jpg/182px-Mohammad_Hatta%2C_Pekan_Buku_Indonesia_1954%2C_p242.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Mohammad_Hatta%2C_Pekan_Buku_Indonesia_1954%2C_p242.jpg/242px-Mohammad_Hatta%2C_Pekan_Buku_Indonesia_1954%2C_p242.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1304" data-file-height="1915" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Sukarno (left) and Hatta (right), Indonesia's founding fathers and the first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia" title="President of Indonesia">President</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Indonesia" title="Vice President of Indonesia">Vice President</a> respectively</div></div></div></div> As president, Sukarno moved Indonesia from democracy towards authoritarianism and maintained power by balancing the opposing forces of <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Indonesian National Armed Forces">the military</a>, political Islam, and the increasingly powerful <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Indonesia" title="Communist Party of Indonesia">Communist Party of Indonesia</a> (PKI).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERicklefs1991237–280-56">[52]</a> Tensions between the military and the PKI culminated in <a href="/wiki/30_September_Movement" title="30 September Movement">an attempted coup</a> in 1965. The army, led by Major General <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a>, countered by instigating a <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mass_killings_of_1965%E2%80%9366" title="Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66">violent anti-communist purge</a> that killed between 500,000 and one million people and incarcerated roughly a million more in <a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">concentration camps</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelvin20181-57">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson20183-58">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBevins2020168,_185-60">[56]</a> The PKI was blamed for the coup and effectively destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriend2003107–109-61">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERicklefs1991280–283,_284,_287–290-63">[59]</a> Suharto capitalised on Sukarno's weakened position, and following a <a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">drawn-out power play with Sukarno</a>, Suharto was appointed president in March 1968. His US-backed <a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Indonesia)" title="New Order (Indonesia)">"New Order"</a> administration<a href="#cite_note-64">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelvin20189–10-65">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers2005163-66">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[63]</a> encouraged <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign direct investment</a>,<a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson2018206-69">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBevins2020167–168-70">[66]</a> which was a crucial factor in the subsequent three decades of substantial economic growth. Indonesia was the country hardest hit by the <a href="/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">1997 Asian financial crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[67]</a> It brought out <a href="/wiki/May_1998_riots_of_Indonesia#Background" title="May 1998 riots of Indonesia">popular discontent</a> with the New Order's corruption and suppression of political opposition and ultimately ended Suharto's presidency.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(October_2020)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERicklefs1991[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_October_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(October_2020)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-46">[42]</a>&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(October_2020)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers2005[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_October_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(October_2020)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-72">[68]</a>&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(October_2020)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwarz1994[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_October_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(October_2020)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-73">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[70]</a> In 1999, East Timor seceded from Indonesia, following its <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_invasion_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian invasion of East Timor">1975 invasion by Indonesia</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[71]</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_occupation_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian occupation of East Timor">25-year occupation</a> marked by international condemnation of <a href="/wiki/East_Timor_genocide" title="East Timor genocide">human rights abuses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a> Since 1998, democratic processes have been strengthened by enhancing regional autonomy and instituting the country's <a href="/wiki/2004_Indonesian_presidential_election" title="2004 Indonesian presidential election">first direct presidential election in 2004</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a> Political, economic and social instability, corruption, and instances of <a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Indonesia" title="Terrorism in Indonesia">terrorism</a> remained problems in the 2000s; however, the economy has performed strongly since 2007. Although relations among the diverse population are mostly harmonious, acute sectarian discontent and violence remain problematic in some areas.<a href="#cite_note-RIP-78">[74]</a> A political settlement to an <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Aceh" title="Insurgency in Aceh">armed separatist conflict</a> in Aceh was achieved in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-AcehPeace-79">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Indonesia" title="Geography of Indonesia">Geography of Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Archipelago" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian Archipelago">Indonesian Archipelago</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Indonesia" title="List of islands of Indonesia">List of islands of Indonesia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bromo-Semeru-Batok-Widodaren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Bromo-Semeru-Batok-Widodaren.jpg/220px-Bromo-Semeru-Batok-Widodaren.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Bromo-Semeru-Batok-Widodaren.jpg/330px-Bromo-Semeru-Batok-Widodaren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Bromo-Semeru-Batok-Widodaren.jpg/440px-Bromo-Semeru-Batok-Widodaren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Semeru" title="Semeru">Mount Semeru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Bromo" title="Mount Bromo">Mount Bromo</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Java" title="East Java">East Java</a>. Indonesia's seismic and volcanic activity is among the world's highest</figcaption></figure> Indonesia is the southernmost country in Asia. The country lies between latitudes <a href="/wiki/11th_parallel_south" title="11th parallel south">11°S</a> and <a href="/wiki/6th_parallel_north" title="6th parallel north">6°N</a> and longitudes <a href="/wiki/95th_meridian_east" title="95th meridian east">95°E</a> and <a href="/wiki/141st_meridian_east" title="141st meridian east">141°E</a>. A <a href="/wiki/List_of_transcontinental_countries" title="List of transcontinental countries">transcontinental country</a> spanning Southeast Asia and Oceania, it is the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Archipelagic_state" title="Archipelagic state">archipelagic state</a>, extending 5,120 kilometres (3,181 mi) from east to west and 1,760 kilometres (1,094 mi) from north to south.<a href="#cite_note-80">[76]</a> The country's <a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Ministry_for_Maritime_and_Investment_Affairs" title="Coordinating Ministry for Maritime and Investment Affairs">Coordinating Ministry for Maritime and Investment Affairs</a> says Indonesia has 17,504 islands (with 16,056 registered at the UN)<a href="#cite_note-81">[77]</a> scattered over both sides of the equator, around 922 of which are permanently inhabited.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-82">[78]</a> The largest are <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a> (shared with Brunei and Malaysia), <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a> (shared with Papua New Guinea).<a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a> Indonesia shares land borders with <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_border" title="Indonesia–Malaysia border">Malaysia</a> on Borneo and <a href="/wiki/Sebatik_Island" title="Sebatik Island">Sebatik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Papua_New_Guinea_border" title="Indonesia–Papua New Guinea border">Papua New Guinea</a> on the island of New Guinea, <a href="/wiki/East_Timor%E2%80%93Indonesia_border" class="mw-redirect" title="East Timor–Indonesia border">East Timor</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Timor" title="Timor">Timor</a>, and maritime borders with Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Palau, and Australia. At 4,884 metres (16,024 ft), <a href="/wiki/Puncak_Jaya" title="Puncak Jaya">Puncak Jaya</a> is Indonesia's highest peak, and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Toba" title="Lake Toba">Lake Toba</a> in Sumatra is the largest lake, with an area of 1,145 km2 (442 sq mi). <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Indonesia" title="List of rivers of Indonesia">Indonesia's largest rivers</a> are in Kalimantan and <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a> and include <a href="/wiki/Kapuas_River" title="Kapuas River">Kapuas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barito_River" title="Barito River">Barito</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mamberamo_River" title="Mamberamo River">Mamberamo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sepik_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sepik River">Sepik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahakam_River" title="Mahakam River">Mahakam</a>. They serve as communication and transport links between the island's river settlements.<a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Indonesia" title="Climate of Indonesia">Climate of Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Indonesia" title="Climate change in Indonesia">Climate change in Indonesia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gunung_Palung_Jungle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gunung_Palung_Jungle.jpg/220px-Gunung_Palung_Jungle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gunung_Palung_Jungle.jpg/330px-Gunung_Palung_Jungle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gunung_Palung_Jungle.jpg/440px-Gunung_Palung_Jungle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Rainforest in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Palung_National_Park" title="Mount Palung National Park">Mount Palung National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Kalimantan" title="West Kalimantan">West Kalimantan</a></figcaption></figure> Indonesia's equatorial position ensures a relatively stable climate year-round,<a href="#cite_note-85">[81]</a> characterised by two main seasons: <a href="/wiki/Dry_season" title="Dry season">dry season</a> from May to October and <a href="/wiki/Wet_season" title="Wet season">wet season</a> from November to April, with no extremes of summer and winter.<a href="#cite_note-worldbank1-86">[82]</a> The climate is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">tropical rainforest</a>, with cooler climates in mountainous areas over 1,300 to 1,500 metres (4,300 to 4,900 feet) above sea level. The oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) prevails in highland areas adjacent to rainforest climates, with uniform precipitation year-round. In highland areas near the <a href="/wiki/Tropical_monsoon_climate" title="Tropical monsoon climate">tropical</a> <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">tropical savanna climates</a>, the subtropical highland climate (Köppen Cwb) is more pronounced during dry season.<a href="#cite_note-87">[83]</a> There is a variation in rainfall patterns, with regions like western Sumatra, Java, and the interiors of Kalimantan and Papua receiving more precipitation, while areas closer to Australia, such as Nusa Tenggara, are drier. The warm waters covering 81% of Indonesia's area keep land temperatures stable, with high humidity (70-90%) and moderate, predictable winds influenced by monsoon cycles. Major weather hazards include strong currents in straits, such as the <a href="/wiki/Lombok_Strait" title="Lombok Strait">Lombok</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sape_Strait" title="Sape Strait">Sape Straits</a>,<a href="#cite_note-88">[84]</a> rather than typhoons or storms. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_IDN_present.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Koppen-Geiger_Map_IDN_present.svg/220px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_IDN_present.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Koppen-Geiger_Map_IDN_present.svg/330px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_IDN_present.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Koppen-Geiger_Map_IDN_present.svg/440px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_IDN_present.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1816" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen-Geiger climate classification</a> map of Indonesia<a href="#cite_note-89">[85]</a></figcaption></figure> Several studies consider Indonesia to be at severe risk from the <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Indonesia" title="Climate change in Indonesia">projected effects of climate change</a>,<a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a> including a temperature rise of 1.5 °C (3 °F) by 2050 due to unreduced emissions.<a href="#cite_note-91">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-ClimChng-92">[88]</a> This warming could intensify droughts, disrupt rainfall patterns critical to agriculture,<a href="#cite_note-ClimChng-92">[88]</a> and increase occurrences of food shortages, diseases, and wildfires.<a href="#cite_note-ClimChng-92">[88]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">Rising sea levels</a> would also threaten the country's densely populated coastal regions,<a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[90]</a> and impoverished communities are expected to be disproportionately affected by climate change.<a href="#cite_note-95">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Toba_and_the_surrounding_hills.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Lake_Toba_and_the_surrounding_hills.jpg/220px-Lake_Toba_and_the_surrounding_hills.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Lake_Toba_and_the_surrounding_hills.jpg/330px-Lake_Toba_and_the_surrounding_hills.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Lake_Toba_and_the_surrounding_hills.jpg/440px-Lake_Toba_and_the_surrounding_hills.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lake_Toba" title="Lake Toba">Lake Toba</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Sumatra" title="North Sumatra">North Sumatra</a>, the world's largest volcanic lake. Indonesia is located in the Pacific <a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a> area</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Indonesia" title="Geology of Indonesia">Geology of Indonesia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Indonesia" title="List of volcanoes in Indonesia">List of volcanoes in Indonesia</a></div> Indonesia's geology is shaped by its position on the Pacific <a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Australian_plate" title="Indo-Australian plate">Indo-Australian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_plate" title="Pacific plate">Pacific plates</a> subduct beneath the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_plate" title="Eurasian plate">Eurasian plate</a> where they melt at about 100 kilometres (62 miles) deep. This tectonic activity makes the region highly unstable with volcanoes and earthquakes.<a href="#cite_note-VolEthQ-96">[92]</a> A chain of volcanoes stretches from <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> through <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Sunda_Islands" title="Lesser Sunda Islands">Lesser Sunda Islands</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Banda_Islands" title="Banda Islands">Banda Islands</a> of <a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku</a> to northeastern <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitton200338-97">[93]</a> Of the 400 volcanoes, around 130 are active.<a href="#cite_note-VolEthQ-96">[92]</a> While <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">volcanic ash</a> has made agriculture unpredictable in some areas,<a href="#cite_note-98">[94]</a> it has also created fertile soils that have historically sustained the high population densities of Java and Bali.<a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a> Between 1972 and 1991, Java experienced a total of 29 volcanic eruptions.<a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a> The archipelago has witnessed several powerful volcanic eruptions with global repercussions. A <a href="/wiki/Youngest_Toba_eruption#Toba_catastrophe_theory" title="Youngest Toba eruption">massive supervolcano erupted</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_explosivity_index" title="Volcanic explosivity index">volcanic explosivity index</a> (VEI) of 8 at present-day <a href="/wiki/Lake_Toba" title="Lake Toba">Lake Toba</a> around 74,000 BCE, causing a global <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_winter" title="Volcanic winter">volcanic winter</a>, a cooling of the climate and possibly influencing human evolution.<a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a> The <a href="/wiki/1815_eruption_of_Mount_Tambora" title="1815 eruption of Mount Tambora">eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815</a>, the most recent confirmed VEI-7 eruption, made much of the Northern Hemisphere <a href="/wiki/Year_Without_a_Summer" title="Year Without a Summer">without summer in 1816</a>,<a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a> caused 92,000 deaths and produced vast volcanic ash that blanketed nearby areas. The <a href="/wiki/1883_eruption_of_Krakatoa" title="1883 eruption of Krakatoa">eruption of Mount Krakatoa in 1883</a>, a VEI-6 eruption, produced the loudest sound in recorded history and caused 36,000 deaths due to the eruption itself and tsunamis, with additional effects around the world years after the event.<a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a> Recent catastrophic disasters due to seismic activity include the <a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Indian Ocean earthquake">2004 Indian Ocean earthquake</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2006_Yogyakarta_earthquake" title="2006 Yogyakarta earthquake">2006 Yogyakarta earthquake</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Indonesia" title="Fauna of Indonesia">Fauna of Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Indonesia" title="Flora of Indonesia">Flora of Indonesia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Indonesia" title="Environment of Indonesia">Environment of Indonesia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:164px;max-width:164px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:121px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Rafflesia_arnoldi_2013-12-31_21-48.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Rafflesia_arnoldi_2013-12-31_21-48.JPG/162px-Rafflesia_arnoldi_2013-12-31_21-48.JPG" decoding="async" width="162" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Rafflesia_arnoldi_2013-12-31_21-48.JPG/243px-Rafflesia_arnoldi_2013-12-31_21-48.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Rafflesia_arnoldi_2013-12-31_21-48.JPG/324px-Rafflesia_arnoldi_2013-12-31_21-48.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2394" data-file-height="1794" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:121px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Man_of_the_woods.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Man_of_the_woods.JPG/122px-Man_of_the_woods.JPG" decoding="async" width="122" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Man_of_the_woods.JPG/183px-Man_of_the_woods.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Man_of_the_woods.JPG/244px-Man_of_the_woods.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="1284" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:102px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Komodo_dragon_(Varanus_komodoensis).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Komodo_dragon_%28Varanus_komodoensis%29.jpg/130px-Komodo_dragon_%28Varanus_komodoensis%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Komodo_dragon_%28Varanus_komodoensis%29.jpg/195px-Komodo_dragon_%28Varanus_komodoensis%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Komodo_dragon_%28Varanus_komodoensis%29.jpg/260px-Komodo_dragon_%28Varanus_komodoensis%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3670" data-file-height="2895" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:156px;max-width:156px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:102px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Paradisaea_apoda_-Bali_Bird_Park-6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Paradisaea_apoda_-Bali_Bird_Park-6.jpg/154px-Paradisaea_apoda_-Bali_Bird_Park-6.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Paradisaea_apoda_-Bali_Bird_Park-6.jpg/231px-Paradisaea_apoda_-Bali_Bird_Park-6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Paradisaea_apoda_-Bali_Bird_Park-6.jpg/308px-Paradisaea_apoda_-Bali_Bird_Park-6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Species endemic to Indonesia. Clockwise from top: <a href="/wiki/Rafflesia_arnoldii" title="Rafflesia arnoldii">Rafflesia arnoldii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">orangutan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_bird-of-paradise" title="Greater bird-of-paradise">greater bird-of-paradise</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Komodo_dragon" title="Komodo dragon">Komodo dragon</a>.</div></div></div></div> Recognised by <a href="/wiki/Conservation_International" title="Conservation International">Conservation International</a> as one of 17 <a href="/wiki/Megadiverse_countries" title="Megadiverse countries">megadiverse countries</a>, Indonesia hosts one of the world's highest levels of biodiversity due to its tropical climate, large size, and archipelagic geography. The country's flora and fauna include a mix of Asian and <a href="/wiki/Australasian_realm" title="Australasian realm">Australasian</a> species.<a href="#cite_note-104">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sunda_Shelf" title="Sunda Shelf">Sunda Shelf</a> islands (Sumatra, Java, and Borneo) have a wealth of Asian fauna as they were once linked to mainland Asia, while Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku and Papua evolved unique ecosystems due to their separation from the continental landmasses.<a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[103]</a> Papua, once part of the Australian landmass, is home to over 600 bird species closely related to Australia.<a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a> Indonesia is second only to Australia in total <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> species, with 6% of its 1,531 species of bird and 39% of its 515 species of mammal being endemic.<a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a> The country also boasts 80,000 kilometres (50,000 miles) of coastline, featuring diverse sea and coastal ecosystems, such as dunes and mangroves,<a href="#cite_note-EcoSeas1-15">[11]</a> as well as coral reefs in the <a href="/wiki/Coral_Triangle" title="Coral Triangle">Coral Triangle</a> that harbor the highest diversity of <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef_fish" title="Coral reef fish">coral reef fish</a> globally, with more than 1,650 species in eastern Indonesia.<a href="#cite_note-110">[106]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Line" title="Wallace Line">Wallace Line</a>, described by English naturalist <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a>, marks the biogeographical divide between Asian and Australasian species, with the region between the Wallace and <a href="/wiki/Weber_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Weber Line">Weber Lines</a> (called <a href="/wiki/Wallacea" title="Wallacea">Wallacea</a>) hosting unique biodiversity as described in Wallace's 1869 book, <a href="/wiki/The_Malay_Archipelago" title="The Malay Archipelago">The Malay Archipelago</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-Severin-112">[108]</a> Indonesia's extensive forests, comprising 83% of Southeast Asia's old-growth forest,<a href="#cite_note-113">[109]</a> are deemed crucial for the region's ecological balance and carbon storage. Indonesia faces severe <a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Indonesia" title="Environmental issues in Indonesia">environmental challenges</a> due to extensive deforestation,<a href="#cite_note-114">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-sust-115">[111]</a> peatland destruction, and over-exploitation of resources, driven by industries such as logging, plantations and agriculture since the 1970s,<a href="#cite_note-landuse-116">[112]</a> and in most recent years, palm oil.<a href="#cite_note-117">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-sust-115">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[114]</a> Forest cover declined from 87% in 1950 to 48% in 2022,<a href="#cite_note-119">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-landuse-116">[112]</a> highlighting the country as a leading forest-based emitter of greenhouse gases.<a href="#cite_note-120">[116]</a> These issues are often given a lower priority due to high poverty levels and weak, under-resourced governance.<a href="#cite_note-forestprob-121">[117]</a> They also threaten indigenous and endemic species, with the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a> (IUCN) listing many as critically endangered, such as the <a href="/wiki/Bali_myna" title="Bali myna">Bali myna</a>,<a href="#cite_note-122">[118]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sumatran_orangutan" title="Sumatran orangutan">Sumatran orangutan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-123">[119]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Javan_rhinoceros" title="Javan rhinoceros">Javan rhinoceros</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[120]</a> Environmental degradation has prompted some academics to label these activities as ecocide.<a href="#cite_note-125">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conservation">Conservation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Indonesia" title="Conservation in Indonesia">Conservation in Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Indonesia" title="Protected areas of Indonesia">Protected areas of Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Indonesia" title="List of national parks of Indonesia">List of national parks of Indonesia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_biosphere_reserves_of_Indonesia" title="List of biosphere reserves of Indonesia">List of biosphere reserves of Indonesia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bunaken_Marine_Park.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bunaken_Marine_Park.JPG/220px-Bunaken_Marine_Park.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bunaken_Marine_Park.JPG/330px-Bunaken_Marine_Park.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bunaken_Marine_Park.JPG/440px-Bunaken_Marine_Park.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bunaken_National_Park" title="Bunaken National Park">Bunaken National Park</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Coral_Triangle" title="Coral Triangle">Coral Triangle</a>, one of Indonesia's over 100 marine protected areas</figcaption></figure> As of 2023, Indonesia has designated 21.3% of its land as <a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Indonesia" title="Protected areas of Indonesia">protected areas</a> and aims to align its strategy with the 2022 <a href="/wiki/Kunming-Montreal_Global_Biodiversity_Framework" title="Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework">Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[124]</a> Additionally, 411 marine reserves account for 9% of the country's maritime area, with a target to increase this to 30% by 2045. However, a recent study highlights that the current efforts are off track and existing marine reserves are poorly managed.<a href="#cite_note-129">[125]</a> Approximately 390 marine areas are managed by government bodies, communities, and other sectors, with potential for classification as <a href="/wiki/Other_effective_area-based_conservation_measures" title="Other effective area-based conservation measures">other effective area-based conservation measures</a> (OECMs), though there is no national mechanism for reporting them.<a href="#cite_note-130">[126]</a> Indonesia's conservation framework includes 55 national parks, covering around 9% of the country's surface area. Among these, nine are predominantly marine parks,<a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a> with six recognised as <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites">World Heritage Sites</a>, seven as part of the <a href="/wiki/World_Network_of_Biosphere_Reserves" title="World Network of Biosphere Reserves">World Network of Biosphere Reserves</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[128]</a> and five wetlands of international importance under the 1971 <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar Convention</a>. Notably, Indonesia has over 100 marine protected areas spanning 15.7 million hectares as of 2012 managed by the Ministry of Forestry and local governments. Previous targets included reaching 20 million hectares by 2020 under former President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's 2009 initiative and 10% of territorial waters, or 31 million hectares.<a href="#cite_note-Yulianto-133">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Indonesia" title="Politics of Indonesia">Politics of Indonesia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Indonesia" title="Government of Indonesia">Government of Indonesia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruang_MPR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ruang_MPR.jpg/220px-Ruang_MPR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ruang_MPR.jpg/330px-Ruang_MPR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ruang_MPR.jpg/440px-Ruang_MPR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3131" data-file-height="2082" /></a><figcaption>A presidential inauguration by the MPR in the <a href="/wiki/DPR/MPR_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="DPR/MPR Building">Parliament Complex</a> Jakarta, <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Joko_Widodo" title="First inauguration of Joko Widodo">2014</a></figcaption></figure> Indonesia is a republic with a presidential system. Following the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Suharto" title="Fall of Suharto">New Order's fall in 1998</a>, sweeping <a href="/wiki/Amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_Indonesia" title="Amendments to the Constitution of Indonesia">constitutional reforms</a> has restructured the executive, legislative, and judicial branches while maintaining its <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary state</a> framework despite the push to decentralise powers to regional entities.<a href="#cite_note-Harijanti2006-134">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[131]</a> The <a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia" title="President of Indonesia">President</a> serves as <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>, <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>, and commander-in-chief of the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Indonesian National Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a> (Tentara Nasional Indonesia, TNI) and overseeing domestic and foreign policies. Presidents may serve up to two consecutive five-year terms.<a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a> The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Consultative_Assembly" title="People's Consultative Assembly">People's Consultative Assembly</a> (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, MPR) is Indonesia's highest representative body, responsible for amending the constitution, inaugurating or impeaching the president, and formalising state policies.<a href="#cite_note-137">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-UUD45-138">[134]</a> It consists of two houses, the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Representative_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Representative Council">People's Representative Council</a> (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, DPR), which has 575 members and handles legislation and executive oversight, and the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Representative_Council" title="Regional Representative Council">Regional Representative Council</a> (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, DPD) with 136 members, which focuses on regional matters.<a href="#cite_note-INAlegis-139">[135]</a> Since 1998, reforms have significantly enhanced the DPR's governance role,<a href="#cite_note-Harijanti2006-134">[130]</a> while the DPD represents Indonesia's diverse regional interests.<a href="#cite_note-140">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-UUD45-138">[134]</a> Indonesia's judiciary includes several key institutions. The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Indonesia" title="Supreme Court of Indonesia">Supreme Court</a> (Mahkamah Agung) is the highest judicial authority, handling final appeals and case reviews. The <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Indonesia" title="Constitutional Court of Indonesia">Constitutional Court</a> (Mahkamah Konstitusi) addresses constitutional and political matters, while the Religious Court (Pengadilan Agama) oversees Islamic personal law cases.<a href="#cite_note-141">[137]</a> Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Commission_of_Indonesia" title="Judicial Commission of Indonesia">Judicial Commission</a> (Komisi Yudisial) monitors judicial performance.<a href="#cite_note-142">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parties_and_elections">Parties and elections</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Indonesia" title="List of political parties in Indonesia">List of political parties in Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Indonesia" title="Elections in Indonesia">Elections in Indonesia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:153px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Prabowo_Subianto_2024_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Prabowo_Subianto_2024_official_portrait.jpg/122px-Prabowo_Subianto_2024_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Prabowo_Subianto_2024_official_portrait.jpg/183px-Prabowo_Subianto_2024_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Prabowo_Subianto_2024_official_portrait.jpg/244px-Prabowo_Subianto_2024_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9129" data-file-height="11521" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo Subianto</a>, 8th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia" title="President of Indonesia">president of Indonesia</a> </div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:153px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Gibran_Rakabuming_2024_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Gibran_Rakabuming_2024_official_portrait.jpg/122px-Gibran_Rakabuming_2024_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Gibran_Rakabuming_2024_official_portrait.jpg/183px-Gibran_Rakabuming_2024_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Gibran_Rakabuming_2024_official_portrait.jpg/244px-Gibran_Rakabuming_2024_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9129" data-file-height="11521" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Gibran_Rakabuming_Raka" title="Gibran Rakabuming Raka">Gibran Rakabuming Raka</a>, 14th <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Indonesia" title="Vice President of Indonesia">vice president of Indonesia</a></div></div></div></div></div> Indonesia has had a multi-party system since 1999 where no political party has won a majority of seats in the <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Indonesia" title="Elections in Indonesia">legislative elections</a>. Political parties are broadly categorised into two groups, secular and nationalist parties such as <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Democratic_Party_of_Struggle" title="Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle">Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle</a> (PDI-P), the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Functional_Groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Party of the Functional Groups">Party of the Functional Groups</a> (Golkar), and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Indonesia_Movement_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Indonesia Movement Party">Great Indonesia Movement Party</a> (Gerinda), and Islamic parties such as <a href="/wiki/National_Awakening_Party" title="National Awakening Party">National Awakening Party</a> (PKB) and <a href="/wiki/Prosperous_Justice_Party" title="Prosperous Justice Party">Prosperous Justice Party</a> (PKS). Indonesia's political spectrum is characterised by preference for pragmatism over strict ideological adherence to fit the prevailing political climate,<a href="#cite_note-ParPol-143">[139]</a> as well as by what is called <a href="/wiki/Cartel_party_theory" title="Cartel party theory">cartel parties</a>, with extensive power-sharing among parties and limited accountability to voters.<a href="#cite_note-144">[140]</a> Pre-election alliances are also the norm, which is unlike in many democracies where the reverse case are common.<a href="#cite_note-ParPol-143">[139]</a> In 1955, the first general election was held to elect members of the DPR and the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Assembly_of_Indonesia" title="Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia">Constitutional Assembly</a> (Konstituante). The <a href="/wiki/2024_Indonesian_general_election" title="2024 Indonesian general election">most recent elections in 2024</a> brought eight political parties to the DPR, with a <a href="/wiki/Electoral_threshold" title="Electoral threshold">parliamentary threshold</a> of 4% of the national vote.<a href="#cite_note-145">[141]</a> At the national level, Indonesians did not elect a president until 2004. Since then, the president is elected for a five-year term, as are the party-aligned members of the DPR and the non-partisan DPD.<a href="#cite_note-INAlegis-139">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-Harijanti2006-134">[130]</a> Beginning with the <a href="/wiki/2015_Indonesian_local_elections" title="2015 Indonesian local elections">2015 local elections</a>, elections for governors and mayors have occurred on the same date. In 2014, the Constitutional Court ruled that legislative and presidential elections would be held simultaneously, starting in <a href="/wiki/2019_Indonesian_general_election" title="2019 Indonesian general election">2019</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Indonesia" title="Subdivisions of Indonesia">Subdivisions of Indonesia</a></div> Indonesia is divided into several administrative levels. At the first level are the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Provinces of Indonesia">provinces</a>, each with a legislature (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, DPRD) and an elected <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_governors_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current governors in Indonesia">governor</a>. The number of provinces has grown from 8 in 1945 to 38 today,<a href="#cite_note-147">[143]</a> with the most recent one, Southwest Papua, established in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-148">[144]</a> The second level includes <a href="/wiki/Regency_(Indonesia)" title="Regency (Indonesia)">regencies</a> (kabupaten) and cities (kota), led by regents (bupati) and mayors (walikota), respectively, both supported by legislatures (DPRD Kabupaten/Kota). As at the start of 2023 there were 416 regencies and 98 cities.<a href="#cite_note-149">[145]</a> Below this are <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Indonesia" title="Districts of Indonesia">districts</a> (kecamatan, called distrik in Papua), numbering 7,277 at the start of 2023, and the fourth level comprises <a href="/wiki/Villages_of_Indonesia" title="Villages of Indonesia">villages</a>, known by various names like desa, kelurahan, kampung, nagari (in West Sumatra), or gampong (in Aceh). As at the start of 2023 there were 83,763 villages. Villages are subdivided into community groups (rukun warga, RW) and neighborhood groups (rukun tetangga, RT), with further subdivisions like hamlets (dusun or dukuh) in Java.<a href="#cite_note-150">[146]</a> The village level is the lowest administrative unit but holds significant influence over daily life. Village governments are led by elected heads (lurah or kepala desa) and handle local matters.<a href="#cite_note-151">[147]</a> Since the implementation of regional autonomy in 2001, regencies and cities have become key administrative units, responsible for most government services. Nine provinces—Aceh, Jakarta, Yogyakarta, <a href="/wiki/Papua_(province)" title="Papua (province)">Papua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Papua" title="Central Papua">Central Papua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Highland_Papua" title="Highland Papua">Highland Papua</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Papua" title="South Papua">South Papua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Papua" title="Southwest Papua">Southwest Papua</a>, and <a href="/wiki/West_Papua_(province)" title="West Papua (province)">West Papua</a>—are granted a <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">special autonomous status</a> (otonomi khusus) from the central government. A conservative <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamic territory</a>, Aceh has the right to apply aspects of sharia law.<a href="#cite_note-152">[148]</a> Yogyakarta uniquely retains its <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_monarchies" title="List of Indonesian monarchies">pre-colonial monarchy</a>, with its <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_Sultanate" title="Yogyakarta Sultanate">Sultan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakualaman" title="Pakualaman">Duke</a> serving as governor and vice governor<a href="#cite_note-153">[149]</a> and the Papuan provinces are the only ones where indigenous people hold privileges in local governance.<a href="#cite_note-154">[150]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/Template:Indonesia_provinces_labelled_map" title="Template:Indonesia provinces labelled map">Template:Indonesia provinces labelled map</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Indonesia_provinces_labelled_map&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Indonesia_provinces_labelled_map&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 800px; font-size: 85%; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Indonesia_provinces_blank_map.svg/800px-Indonesia_provinces_blank_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="800" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Indonesia_provinces_blank_map.svg/1200px-Indonesia_provinces_blank_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Indonesia_provinces_blank_map.svg/1600px-Indonesia_provinces_blank_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="361" /> <div style="position:absolute; left:30px; top:60px"><a href="/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:55.6px; top:96px"><a href="/wiki/North_Sumatra" title="North Sumatra">North Sumatra</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:70px; top:144px"><a href="/wiki/West_Sumatra" title="West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:114px; top:136px"><a href="/wiki/Riau" title="Riau">Riau</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:186px; top:96px"><a href="/wiki/Riau_Islands" title="Riau Islands">Riau Islands</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:194px; top:164px"><a href="/wiki/Bangka_Belitung_Islands" title="Bangka Belitung Islands">Bangka Belitung</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:125.2px; top:163.2px"><a href="/wiki/Jambi" title="Jambi">Jambi</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:148.4px; top:182.4px"><a href="/wiki/South_Sumatra" title="South Sumatra">South Sumatra</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:90.8px; top:213.6px"><a href="/wiki/Bengkulu" title="Bengkulu">Bengkulu</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:148.666664px; top:226.4px"><a href="/wiki/Lampung" title="Lampung">Lampung</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:158px; top:258.666672px"><a href="/wiki/Banten" title="Banten">Banten</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:left; left:208.4px; top:222.4px"><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta ↓</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:209.2px; top:250.4px"><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:248.666664px; top:248px"><a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:246px; top:276px">↑ <a href="/wiki/Special_Region_of_Yogyakarta" title="Special Region of Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:291.6px; top:264px"><a href="/wiki/East_Java" title="East Java">East Java</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:342px; top:281.28px"><a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:356.4px; top:280px"><a href="/wiki/West_Nusa_Tenggara" title="West Nusa Tenggara">West Nusa Tenggara</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:431.33336px; top:285.333336px"><a href="/wiki/East_Nusa_Tenggara" title="East Nusa Tenggara">East Nusa Tenggara</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:251.6px; top:128px"><a href="/wiki/West_Kalimantan" title="West Kalimantan">West Kalimantan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:291.333336px; top:154.4px"><a href="/wiki/Central_Kalimantan" title="Central Kalimantan">Central Kalimantan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:358.24px; top:72px"><a href="/wiki/North_Kalimantan" title="North Kalimantan">North Kalimantan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:346px; top:128px"><a href="/wiki/East_Kalimantan" title="East Kalimantan">East Kalimantan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:322px; top:196px"><a href="/wiki/South_Kalimantan" title="South Kalimantan">South Kalimantan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:487.33336px; top:105.333336px"><a href="/wiki/North_Sulawesi" title="North Sulawesi">North Sulawesi</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:522px; top:138.666672px"><a href="/wiki/North_Maluku" title="North Maluku">North Maluku</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:434px; top:148px"><a href="/wiki/Central_Sulawesi" title="Central Sulawesi">Central Sulawesi</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; text-align:right; left:432.4px; top:103.2px"><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo" title="Gorontalo">Gorontalo</a> ↓</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:375.333328px; top:174.666672px"><a href="/wiki/West_Sulawesi" title="West Sulawesi">West Sulawesi</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:386px; top:208px"><a href="/wiki/South_Sulawesi" title="South Sulawesi">South Sulawesi</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:454px; top:198.4px"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Sulawesi" title="Southeast Sulawesi">Southeast Sulawesi</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:578px; top:228px"><a href="/wiki/Maluku_(province)" title="Maluku (province)">Maluku</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:602px; top:148px"><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Papua" title="Southwest Papua">Southwest Papua</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:646px; top:180px"><a href="/wiki/West_Papua_(province)" title="West Papua (province)">West Papua</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:694px; top:200px"><a href="/wiki/Central_Papua" title="Central Papua">Central Papua</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:730px; top:176px"><a href="/wiki/Papua_(province)" title="Papua (province)">Papua</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:742px; top:200px"><a href="/wiki/Highland_Papua" title="Highland Papua">Highland Papua</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:746px; top:242.4px"><a href="/wiki/South_Papua" title="South Papua">South Papua</a></div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Indonesia" title="Foreign relations of Indonesia">Foreign relations of Indonesia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ASEAN_HQ_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ASEAN_HQ_1.jpg/220px-ASEAN_HQ_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ASEAN_HQ_1.jpg/330px-ASEAN_HQ_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ASEAN_HQ_1.jpg/440px-ASEAN_HQ_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2551" data-file-height="1811" /></a><figcaption>Indonesia serves as the seat of <a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a> headquarters and the largest city <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> serves as the organization's diplomatic capital<a href="#cite_note-155">[151]</a></figcaption></figure> Indonesia follows an "independent and active" (bebas aktif) foreign policy, a term coined by founding father <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta">Mohammad Hatta</a> in 1948<a href="#cite_note-156">[152]</a> by which the country aims to navigate great power politics, maintain autonomy and avoid alignment with major powers.<a href="#cite_note-157">[153]</a> The President holds the ultimate authority in determining foreign policy directions<a href="#cite_note-158">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-UUD45-138">[134]</a> while the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Indonesia)">Foreign Affairs Ministry</a> is responsible for formulating and implementing foreign policy. Meanwhile, the Parliament (DPR) provides oversight and ratifies international treaties. Indonesia is considered to be a <a href="/wiki/Middle_power" title="Middle power">middle power</a> internationally.<a href="#cite_note-159">[155]</a> As the largest country in Southeast Asia and a founding member of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (<a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a>), Indonesia has put ASEAN as the cornerstone of its foreign policy.<a href="#cite_note-160">[156]</a> Indonesia has <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Indonesia–Palestine relations">actively supported Palestine</a> while refraining from formal <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Indonesia–Israel relations">diplomatic relations with Israel</a>, though the two countries maintain discreet ties.<a href="#cite_note-161">[157]</a> In the past decade and a half, Indonesia has built deep <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations" title="China–Indonesia relations">relations with China</a>, primarily relating to substantial investments in infrastructure and trade,<a href="#cite_note-162">[158]</a> while at the same time maintaining a strategic <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Indonesia–United States relations">partnership with the United States</a>, focusing on economic cooperation, security, and counterterrorism efforts.<a href="#cite_note-163">[159]</a> Indonesia has been <a href="/wiki/Indonesia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Indonesia and the United Nations">a member of the United Nations</a> since 1950<a href="#cite_note-fn2-165">[e]</a> and is a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a> (NAM), the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a> (OIC) and the <a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[161]</a> Indonesia is also a signatory to the <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">ASEAN Free Trade Area</a> agreement, the <a href="/wiki/Cairns_Group" title="Cairns Group">Cairns Group</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> (WTO). Indonesia has been a humanitarian and development aid recipient since 1967<a href="#cite_note-167">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[163]</a> but it has established an overseas aid programme of its own in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-169">[164]</a> The country also plays a role in maintaining international peace and security, deploying thousands of military and police personnel to multiple United Nations peacekeeping missions, including in <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interim_Force_in_Lebanon" title="United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/MONUSCO" title="MONUSCO">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Multidimensional_Integrated_Stabilization_Mission_in_Mali" title="United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali">Mali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Indonesian National Armed Forces">Indonesian National Armed Forces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Indonesia" title="Military history of Indonesia">Military history of Indonesia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Tniadkostrad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Tniadkostrad.jpg/137px-Tniadkostrad.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Tniadkostrad.jpg/206px-Tniadkostrad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Tniadkostrad.jpg/274px-Tniadkostrad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:149px;max-width:149px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Tni-au_su-30_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Tni-au_su-30_1.jpg/147px-Tni-au_su-30_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Tni-au_su-30_1.jpg/221px-Tni-au_su-30_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Tni-au_su-30_1.jpg/294px-Tni-au_su-30_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="359" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:RAN-IFR_2013_D3_166.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/RAN-IFR_2013_D3_166.JPG/138px-RAN-IFR_2013_D3_166.JPG" decoding="async" width="138" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/RAN-IFR_2013_D3_166.JPG/207px-RAN-IFR_2013_D3_166.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/RAN-IFR_2013_D3_166.JPG/276px-RAN-IFR_2013_D3_166.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:148px;max-width:148px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Pindad_Anoa_APS-3_RLG.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Pindad_Anoa_APS-3_RLG.jpg/146px-Pindad_Anoa_APS-3_RLG.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Pindad_Anoa_APS-3_RLG.jpg/219px-Pindad_Anoa_APS-3_RLG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Pindad_Anoa_APS-3_RLG.jpg/292px-Pindad_Anoa_APS-3_RLG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Indonesian Armed Forces. Clockwise from top: <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Army" title="Indonesian Army">Indonesian Army</a> during training session; <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-30" title="Sukhoi Su-30">Sukhoi Su-30</a>; <a href="/wiki/Anoa_(armoured_personnel_carrier)" title="Anoa (armoured personnel carrier)">Pindad Anoa</a>; and Indonesian naval vessel <a href="/wiki/KRI_Sultan_Iskandar_Muda_(367)" title="KRI Sultan Iskandar Muda (367)">KRI Sultan Iskandar Muda (367)</a></div></div></div></div> Indonesia's Armed Forces (TNI) consist of the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Army" title="Indonesian Army">Army</a> (TNI-AD), <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Navy" title="Indonesian Navy">Navy</a> (TNI-AL) (including the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Marine_Corps" title="Indonesian Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a>), and Air Force (TNI-AU), with the Army comprising around 400,000 active personnel. Established during the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a>, the TNI initially engaged in guerrilla warfare alongside informal militias. Its territorial structure focuses on maintaining domestic stability and deterring foreign threats.<a href="#cite_note-171">[166]</a> Though political reforms in 1998 removed TNI's formal legislative role, it continues to wield political influence, albeit reduced from <a href="/wiki/Dwifungsi" title="Dwifungsi">its peak during the New Order</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[167]</a> Defence spending in 2022 was 0.7% of GDP,<a href="#cite_note-173">[168]</a> with controversies surrounding military-owned commercial ventures.<a href="#cite_note-174">[169]</a> Since independence, Indonesia has struggled to maintain unity against separatist movements and insurgencies,<a href="#cite_note-175">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriend2003270–273,_477–480-176">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[172]</a> notably in <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Aceh" title="Insurgency in Aceh">Aceh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Papuan_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Papuan conflict">Papua</a>. While the former ended peacefully in 2005,<a href="#cite_note-AcehPeace-79">[75]</a> the latter has continued amid an implementation of regional autonomy<a href="#cite_note-178">[173]</a> as well as allegations of human rights abuses,<a href="#cite_note-179">[174]</a> including extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances, as reported by Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, and the UNHRC.<a href="#cite_note-180">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[178]</a> Indonesia's historical military engagements include <a href="/wiki/West_New_Guinea_dispute" title="West New Guinea dispute">conflicts with the Netherlands</a> over <a href="/wiki/Dutch_New_Guinea" title="Dutch New Guinea">Dutch New Guinea</a>, opposition to the British-backed creation of Malaysia (<a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Konfrontasi</a>), the anti-communist mass killings, and the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_invasion_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian invasion of East Timor">invasion of East Timor</a>, which was Indonesia's largest military operation.<a href="#cite_note-184">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_enforcement_and_human_rights">Law enforcement and human rights</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Police" title="Indonesian National Police">Indonesian National Police</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Indonesia" title="Human rights in Indonesia">Human rights in Indonesia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998.jpg/220px-Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998.jpg/330px-Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998.jpg/440px-Jakarta_riot_14_May_1998.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="804" /></a><figcaption>Riots on the streets of Jakarta on 14 May 1998</figcaption></figure> Law enforcement in Indonesia is primarily handled by the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Police" title="Indonesian National Police">Indonesian National Police</a> (POLRI), supported by other agencies under the president, ministries, or state-owned companies. These agencies perform specific policing duties and are supervised and trained by the POLRI, which serves as the country's national civilian police force responsible for maintaining law and order. Indonesia has a history of racial discrimination and conflicts, particularly <a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_Chinese_Indonesians" title="Discrimination against Chinese Indonesians">against Chinese Indonesians</a> and Papuans, which has been documented<a href="#cite_note-186">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[182]</a> and has at times escalated into violence, including the <a href="/wiki/May_1998_riots_of_Indonesia" title="May 1998 riots of Indonesia">anti-Chinese riots in 1998</a> and the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Papua_conflict" title="Papua conflict">Papua conflict</a> since 1962. Other minorities such as the LGBTQ also face challenges, where a rapid surge of <a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a> has been observed since the mid-2010s<a href="#cite_note-188">[183]</a> after a relative obscurity on <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Indonesia" title="LGBTQ rights in Indonesia">the topic</a> in the decades prior.<a href="#cite_note-189">[184]</a> Discrimination against religious minorities is also common in the country.<a href="#cite_note-mino-190">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-RIP-78">[74]</a> Issues regarding free speech and the right to assembly are prevalent despite constitutional protections.<a href="#cite_note-191">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-UUD45-138">[134]</a> Laws such as the Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE) Law are often used to criminalise dissent, with critics and activists facing charges for expressing opinions online.<a href="#cite_note-ITE-192">[187]</a> Peaceful protests, particularly those addressing sensitive issues such as indigenous rights in Papua or environmental concerns, are frequently met with heavy-handed responses from law enforcement.<a href="#cite_note-193">[188]</a> The government on occasions imposes restrictions on assembly permits, particularly for those critical of authorities or advocating rights.<a href="#cite_note-194">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia" title="Economy of Indonesia">Economy of Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Indonesia" title="Economic history of Indonesia">Economic history of Indonesia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Indonesia" title="Poverty in Indonesia">Poverty in Indonesia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Indonesia" title="Agriculture in Indonesia">Agriculture in Indonesia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oil_palm_plantation_in_Cigudeg-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Oil_palm_plantation_in_Cigudeg-03.jpg/220px-Oil_palm_plantation_in_Cigudeg-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Oil_palm_plantation_in_Cigudeg-03.jpg/330px-Oil_palm_plantation_in_Cigudeg-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Oil_palm_plantation_in_Cigudeg-03.jpg/440px-Oil_palm_plantation_in_Cigudeg-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Vast <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm oil</a> plantation in <a href="/wiki/Bogor_Regency" title="Bogor Regency">Bogor Regency</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a>. Indonesia is the world's largest producer of palm oil<a href="#cite_note-195">[190]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morowali_Industrial_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Morowali_Industrial_Park.jpg/220px-Morowali_Industrial_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Morowali_Industrial_Park.jpg/330px-Morowali_Industrial_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Morowali_Industrial_Park.jpg/440px-Morowali_Industrial_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4639" data-file-height="2980" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Morowali_Industrial_Park" title="Morowali Industrial Park">Morowali Industrial Park</a> hosting primarily <a href="/wiki/Nickel_mining_in_Indonesia" title="Nickel mining in Indonesia">nickel-related industries</a> in <a href="/wiki/Morowali_Regency" title="Morowali Regency">Morowali Regency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Sulawesi" title="Central Sulawesi">Central Sulawesi</a>. Indonesia is the world's largest producer of nickel<a href="#cite_note-196">[191]</a></figcaption></figure> Indonesia operates a <a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">mixed economy</a> where both the private sector and the government play significant roles.<a href="#cite_note-197">[192]</a> As the only <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a> member state in Southeast Asia,<a href="#cite_note-198">[193]</a> it has the region's largest economy and is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Newly_industrialised_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Newly industrialised country">newly industrialised country</a>. In 2024, its nominal GDP was <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>1.402 trillion, <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">ranking 16th globally</a>, while its GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) was <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>4.658 trillion, <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">ranking 8th</a>. Per capita GDP in PPP is <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>16,542, while nominal <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">per capita GDP</a> is <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>4,980.<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.ID-8">[6]</a> Based on 2022 data, services dominate the economy in terms employment (48.8%), followed by agriculture (29.2%) and industry (21.8%), while in terms of share of GDP, both services and industry dominate (roughly 41% each), with agriculture coming second (12.4%).<a href="#cite_note-199">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[195]</a> The economic structure has shifted significantly over time,<a href="#cite_note-RBA-201">[196]</a> transitioning from agriculture in the 1950s and 1960s<a href="#cite_note-RBA-201">[196]</a> to gradual industrialization and urbanization, especially from the late 1960s to the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-RBA-201">[196]</a> Falling oil prices in the 1980s prompted diversification into manufactured exports, resulting in substantial economic growth (the GDP rose at an average rate of 7.1%.) and poverty reduction from 60% to 15%.<a href="#cite_note-202">[197]</a> However, the growth ended during the <a href="/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">Asian economic crisis in the late 1990s</a>, causing a severe setback where the economy experienced a 13.1% GDP contraction, a 78% inflation and a real GDP growth of only 0.8% in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-203">[198]</a> The economy began recovering in the early 2000s, achieving consistent growth rates between 4% and 6% from 2004 to 2024 due to banking improvements and increased domestic consumption,<a href="#cite_note-204">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[200]</a> which helped Indonesia weather the 2008–2009 <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>.<a href="#cite_note-206">[201]</a> Although the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> in the early 2020s caused the country's first recession since 1997, the economy rebounded within a year.<a href="#cite_note-207">[202]</a> Indonesia boasts abundant natural resources, including nickel, coal, palm oil, and petroleum, which dominate its export portfolio.<a href="#cite_note-208">[203]</a> It imports refined and crude petroleum, vehicle parts, and wheat, with major trade partners including China, the United States, Japan, Singapore, India, Malaysia, South Korea, and Thailand.<a href="#cite_note-OEC-209">[204]</a> Despite these resources and decades of development, disparities in wealth, employment and economic opportunities persist between densely populated and economically advantaged regions in the western islands like Java and Sumatra, and sparsely populated, underdeveloped areas in the east like Maluku and Papua.<a href="#cite_note-210">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Indonesia" title="Tourism in Indonesia">Tourism in Indonesia</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Borobudur-Nothwest-view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Borobudur-Nothwest-view.jpg/250px-Borobudur-Nothwest-view.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Borobudur-Nothwest-view.jpg/375px-Borobudur-Nothwest-view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Borobudur-Nothwest-view.jpg/500px-Borobudur-Nothwest-view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1108" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Borobudur" title="Borobudur">Borobudur</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a>, the world's largest Buddhist temple, is the single most visited tourist attraction in Indonesia<a href="#cite_note-212">[207]</a></figcaption></figure> Tourism plays a significant role in Indonesia's economy, contributing <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>14 billion to GDP and drawing 11.6 million international visitors in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-213">[208]</a> Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, China and India are the top five sources of visitors to Indonesia.<a href="#cite_note-214">[209]</a> The tourism industry thrives on Indonesia's natural and cultural wealth. The country boasts a well-preserved natural ecosystem, with rainforests covering 57% of its land area (225 million acres). Popular natural destinations include the rainforests of Sumatra and Kalimantan, particularly the Orangutan wildlife reserves. Indonesia also has one of the world's longest coastlines, stretching 54,716 kilometres (33,999 mi). Cultural tourism features prominently, with attractions like the ancient <a href="/wiki/Borobudur" title="Borobudur">Borobudur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prambanan" title="Prambanan">Prambanan</a> temples, the <a href="/wiki/Toraja" class="mw-redirect" title="Toraja">Toraja</a> highlands, and the traditional festivities of <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pariwisata-215">[210]</a> Indonesia is home to <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Indonesia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Indonesia">ten UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Komodo_National_Park" title="Komodo National Park">Komodo National Park</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Cosmological Axis of Yogyakarta</a>. Additionally, 18 other sites are on the tentative list, such as <a href="/wiki/Bunaken_National_Park" title="Bunaken National Park">Bunaken National Park</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Raja_Ampat_Islands" title="Raja Ampat Islands">Raja Ampat Islands</a>. Historical tourism is also a major draw, with attractions like the colonial heritage of the Dutch East Indies in <a href="/wiki/Kota_Tua_Jakarta" title="Kota Tua Jakarta">Jakarta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dutch_architecture_in_Semarang" title="Dutch architecture in Semarang">Semarang</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_palaces_in_Indonesia" title="List of palaces in Indonesia">royal palaces</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pagaruyung_Palace" title="Pagaruyung Palace">Pagaruyung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ubud_Palace" title="Ubud Palace">Ubud</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pariwisata-215">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_and_technology">Science and technology</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Indonesia" title="Science and technology in Indonesia">Science and technology in Indonesia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:STS-41-B_Palapa_B-2_deployment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/STS-41-B_Palapa_B-2_deployment.jpg/220px-STS-41-B_Palapa_B-2_deployment.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/STS-41-B_Palapa_B-2_deployment.jpg/330px-STS-41-B_Palapa_B-2_deployment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/STS-41-B_Palapa_B-2_deployment.jpg/440px-STS-41-B_Palapa_B-2_deployment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2020" data-file-height="2020" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Palapa" title="Palapa">Palapa</a> satellite launch in 1984</figcaption></figure> Government spending on research and development is relatively low at 0.28% of GDP in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-216">[211]</a> Despite being ranked 54th among 133 countries on the 2024 <a href="/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a>, the country performs above expectations for its upper middle-income status.<a href="#cite_note-217">[212]</a> Historical innovations include <a href="/wiki/Terrace_(agriculture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrace (agriculture)">terasering</a>, the terracing techniques for rice cultivation, and the <a href="/wiki/Pinisi" title="Pinisi">pinisi</a> boats of the <a href="/wiki/Bugis" title="Bugis">Bugis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Makassar_people" title="Makassar people">Makassar people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-218">[213]</a> In the 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Tjokorda_Raka_Sukawati" title="Tjokorda Raka Sukawati">Tjokorda Raka Sukawati</a> developed the <a href="/wiki/Sosrobahu" title="Sosrobahu">Sosrobahu</a> road construction technique that is now used internationally.<a href="#cite_note-219">[214]</a> Indonesia also produces passenger trains and freight wagons through its state-owned <a href="/wiki/Industri_Kereta_Api" title="Industri Kereta Api">Indonesian Railway Industry</a> (Industri Kereta Api, INKA), which exports trains abroad.<a href="#cite_note-220">[215]</a> Indonesia has a long history of manufacturing military and commuter aircraft and is the only country in Southeast Asia to do so. Its state-owned aerospace company, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Aerospace" title="Indonesian Aerospace">Indonesian Aerospace</a> (PT. Dirgantara Indonesia), has supplied components to <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[216]</a> and co-developed the <a href="/wiki/CASA/IPTN_CN-235" title="CASA/IPTN CN-235">CASA/IPTN CN-235</a> aircraft with Spain's <a href="/wiki/EADS_CASA" class="mw-redirect" title="EADS CASA">EADS CASA</a>, which is widely used internationally.<a href="#cite_note-222">[217]</a> Former President <a href="/wiki/B._J._Habibie" title="B. J. Habibie">B. J. Habibie</a>, who was an aerospace engineer before getting into politics, played a key role in advancing the country's aerospace research.<a href="#cite_note-223">[218]</a> Recently, Indonesia has been collaborating with South Korea on the 4.5-generation fighter jet <a href="/wiki/KAI_KF-21_Boramae" title="KAI KF-21 Boramae">KAI KF-21 Boramae</a>.<a href="#cite_note-224">[219]</a> Indonesia's space program, managed by the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Aeronautics_and_Space" title="National Institute of Aeronautics and Space">National Institute of Aeronautics and Space</a> (Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional, LAPAN), launched its first satellite in 1976 (<a href="/wiki/Palapa" title="Palapa">Palapa</a>) with help from the United States,<a href="#cite_note-225">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[221]</a> making it the first developing country with a satellite system. As of 2024, Indonesia has launched 19 satellites for communication and other purposes.<a href="#cite_note-227">[222]</a> Recently, the government licensed <a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink</a> to provide internet connectivity to rural and underserved regions.<a href="#cite_note-228">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_main_infrastructure_projects_in_Indonesia" title="List of main infrastructure projects in Indonesia">List of main infrastructure projects in Indonesia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Indonesia" title="Transport in Indonesia">Transport in Indonesia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:145px;max-width:145px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:95px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:21_Bus_Khusus_Penumpang_Kapal_Milik_Perum_DAMRI_trayek_Tanjung_Perak_-_Purabaya_terparkir_di_depan_Terminal_Penumpang_Gapura_Surya_Nusantara_Pelabuhan_Tanjung_Perak_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/21_Bus_Khusus_Penumpang_Kapal_Milik_Perum_DAMRI_trayek_Tanjung_Perak_-_Purabaya_terparkir_di_depan_Terminal_Penumpang_Gapura_Surya_Nusantara_Pelabuhan_Tanjung_Perak_%28cropped%29.jpg/143px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/21_Bus_Khusus_Penumpang_Kapal_Milik_Perum_DAMRI_trayek_Tanjung_Perak_-_Purabaya_terparkir_di_depan_Terminal_Penumpang_Gapura_Surya_Nusantara_Pelabuhan_Tanjung_Perak_%28cropped%29.jpg/215px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/21_Bus_Khusus_Penumpang_Kapal_Milik_Perum_DAMRI_trayek_Tanjung_Perak_-_Purabaya_terparkir_di_depan_Terminal_Penumpang_Gapura_Surya_Nusantara_Pelabuhan_Tanjung_Perak_%28cropped%29.jpg/286px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="1557" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:143px;max-width:143px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:95px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:KA_Argo_Parahyangan_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/KA_Argo_Parahyangan_%28cropped%29.jpg/141px-KA_Argo_Parahyangan_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/KA_Argo_Parahyangan_%28cropped%29.jpg/212px-KA_Argo_Parahyangan_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/KA_Argo_Parahyangan_%28cropped%29.jpg/282px-KA_Argo_Parahyangan_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3382" data-file-height="2299" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Pelni_Einschiffung.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Pelni_Einschiffung.jpg/142px-Pelni_Einschiffung.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Pelni_Einschiffung.jpg/213px-Pelni_Einschiffung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Pelni_Einschiffung.jpg/284px-Pelni_Einschiffung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:PK-GIE_Garuda_Indonesia_Boeing_777-3U3(ER)_cn29147,_Take_off_from_Schiphol_(AMS_-_EHAM),_The_Netherlands.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/PK-GIE_Garuda_Indonesia_Boeing_777-3U3%28ER%29_cn29147%2C_Take_off_from_Schiphol_%28AMS_-_EHAM%29%2C_The_Netherlands.JPG/142px-PK-GIE_Garuda_Indonesia_Boeing_777-3U3%28ER%29_cn29147%2C_Take_off_from_Schiphol_%28AMS_-_EHAM%29%2C_The_Netherlands.JPG" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/PK-GIE_Garuda_Indonesia_Boeing_777-3U3%28ER%29_cn29147%2C_Take_off_from_Schiphol_%28AMS_-_EHAM%29%2C_The_Netherlands.JPG/213px-PK-GIE_Garuda_Indonesia_Boeing_777-3U3%28ER%29_cn29147%2C_Take_off_from_Schiphol_%28AMS_-_EHAM%29%2C_The_Netherlands.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/PK-GIE_Garuda_Indonesia_Boeing_777-3U3%28ER%29_cn29147%2C_Take_off_from_Schiphol_%28AMS_-_EHAM%29%2C_The_Netherlands.JPG/284px-PK-GIE_Garuda_Indonesia_Boeing_777-3U3%28ER%29_cn29147%2C_Take_off_from_Schiphol_%28AMS_-_EHAM%29%2C_The_Netherlands.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2778" data-file-height="2086" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Transport modes in Indonesia. Clockwise from top: <a href="/wiki/Perum_DAMRI" title="Perum DAMRI">DAMRI</a> bus; <a href="/wiki/Kereta_Api_Indonesia" title="Kereta Api Indonesia">KAI</a> train; <a href="/wiki/Garuda_Indonesia" title="Garuda Indonesia">Garuda Indonesia</a> airliner; and <a href="/wiki/Pelni" title="Pelni">Pelni</a> ship</div></div></div></div> Indonesia's transport system reflects its archipelagic geography and population distribution heavily concentrated on Java.<a href="#cite_note-229">[224]</a> In 2022, the predominant road network spanned 548,097 kilometres (340,572 miles) as of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&action=edit">[update]</a>,<a href="#cite_note-230">[225]</a> which includes <a href="/wiki/Transjakarta" title="Transjakarta">Transjakarta</a> that operates the world's longest bus rapid transit system. Common urban transport includes <a href="/wiki/Rickshaw" title="Rickshaw">rickshaws</a> like bajaj and becak and shared taxis such as angkot and minibuses. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whoosh_High-speed_Train_G1224,_in_Bojongkoneng,_Ngamprah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Whoosh_High-speed_Train_G1224%2C_in_Bojongkoneng%2C_Ngamprah.jpg/220px-Whoosh_High-speed_Train_G1224%2C_in_Bojongkoneng%2C_Ngamprah.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Whoosh_High-speed_Train_G1224%2C_in_Bojongkoneng%2C_Ngamprah.jpg/330px-Whoosh_High-speed_Train_G1224%2C_in_Bojongkoneng%2C_Ngamprah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Whoosh_High-speed_Train_G1224%2C_in_Bojongkoneng%2C_Ngamprah.jpg/440px-Whoosh_High-speed_Train_G1224%2C_in_Bojongkoneng%2C_Ngamprah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3602" data-file-height="2025" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Indonesia" title="High-speed rail in Indonesia">Whoosh</a> is the first high-speed rail in Southeast Asia and the Southern Hemisphere</figcaption></figure> Railways are primarily located in Java and parts of Sumatra and Sulawesi,<a href="#cite_note-231">[226]</a> serving freight and passenger transport, including commuter and inter-city rail services like those in <a href="/wiki/KRL_Commuterline" title="KRL Commuterline">the Greater Jakarta</a> and <a href="/wiki/KAI_Commuter_Yogyakarta_Line" title="KAI Commuter Yogyakarta Line">Yogyakarta</a>. In the late 2010s, rapid transit systems were introduced in Jakarta and <a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a>, with more planned for other cities.<a href="#cite_note-232">[227]</a> Indonesia, in collaboration with China, inaugurated its first <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Indonesia" title="High-speed rail in Indonesia">high-speed rail</a> named Whoosh in 2023 that connects Jakarta and <a href="/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a>. It was the first such system in Southeast Asia and the Southern Hemisphere.<a href="#cite_note-233">[228]</a> Air and sea transport also play significant roles. <a href="/wiki/Soekarno%E2%80%93Hatta_International_Airport" title="Soekarno–Hatta International Airport">Soekarno–Hatta International Airport</a>, Indonesia's largest, <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic" title="List of busiest airports by passenger traffic">served 49 million passengers in 2023</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Ngurah_Rai_International_Airport" title="Ngurah Rai International Airport">Ngurah Rai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juanda_International_Airport" title="Juanda International Airport">Juanda International Airports</a>. <a href="/wiki/Garuda_Indonesia" title="Garuda Indonesia">Garuda Indonesia</a>, the national flag carrier since 1949, is one of the world's leading airlines and a member of the global airline alliance <a href="/wiki/SkyTeam" title="SkyTeam">SkyTeam</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Tanjung_Priok" title="Port of Tanjung Priok">Port of Tanjung Priok</a>, the country's busiest and most advanced,<a href="#cite_note-234">[229]</a> handles over half of Indonesia's trans-shipment cargo traffic. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Indonesia" title="Energy in Indonesia">Energy in Indonesia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PLTB-Sidrap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/PLTB-Sidrap.jpg/220px-PLTB-Sidrap.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/PLTB-Sidrap.jpg/330px-PLTB-Sidrap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/PLTB-Sidrap.jpg/440px-PLTB-Sidrap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="862" /></a><figcaption>Sidrap wind farm, Indonesia's first wind power plant, in <a href="/wiki/Sidrap_Regency" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidrap Regency">Sidrap Regency</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Sulawesi" title="South Sulawesi">South Sulawesi</a></figcaption></figure> Indonesia is a <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Indonesia" title="Energy in Indonesia">major energy producer and consumer</a>, producing 5,500 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt-hour" title="Kilowatt-hour">terawatt-hours</a> (18.8 <a href="/wiki/1000000000000000_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="1000000000000000 (number)">quadrillion</a> <a href="/wiki/British_thermal_unit" title="British thermal unit">British thermal units</a>) and consuming 3,081 terawatt-hours (10.514 quadrillion British thermal units) worth of energy in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-USEIA-235">[230]</a> The country's total <a href="/wiki/Electricity_generation" title="Electricity generation">installed power generation</a> capacity in 2022 is approximately 83.8 gigawatts (GW),<a href="#cite_note-pwcPower-236">[231]</a> primarily from coal (61%).<a href="#cite_note-pwcPower-236">[231]</a> Other significant sources include natural gas, oil, and renewables such as geothermal, hydropower, and solar.<a href="#cite_note-energyADB-237">[232]</a> The state-owned <a href="/wiki/Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara" title="Perusahaan Listrik Negara">State Electricity Company</a> (Perusahaan Listrik Negara, PLN) holds a monopoly on electric power distribution in the country.<a href="#cite_note-238">[233]</a> Indonesia's energy mix is still dominated by non-renewable sources, with coal being the majority, followed by natural gas and oil. Renewables, including geothermal (5%), hydropower (7%), and solar (1%), make up a smaller but growing share.<a href="#cite_note-energyMix-239">[234]</a> The country holds immense renewable energy potential, particularly in geothermal, where it ranks as one of the world's largest producers.<a href="#cite_note-energyADB-237">[232]</a> The country is the world's largest producer and exporter of thermal coal<a href="#cite_note-240">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-OEC-209">[204]</a> and a significant exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG).<a href="#cite_note-241">[236]</a> The government plans to transition towards greener energy sources<a href="#cite_note-71GW-242">[237]</a> and achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2060.<a href="#cite_note-243">[238]</a> In the latest energy plan, the government aims for a 71-gigawatt expansion in power capacity by 2034, with a focus on renewables.<a href="#cite_note-71GW-242">[237]</a> However, the country continues to rely heavily on coal,<a href="#cite_note-244">[239]</a> has insufficient infrastructure for renewable energy, and faces difficulties in providing electricity access to remote areas.<a href="#cite_note-245">[240]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Indonesia" title="Demographics of Indonesia">Demographics of Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesians" title="Indonesians">Indonesians</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_cities_by_population" title="List of Indonesian cities by population">List of Indonesian cities by population</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Indonesia" title="List of metropolitan areas in Indonesia">List of metropolitan areas in Indonesia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Population_density_of_Indonesia_by_district_(kecamatan)_(2022)_(alternate_colour_scheme).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Population_density_of_Indonesia_by_district_%28kecamatan%29_%282022%29_%28alternate_colour_scheme%29.svg/220px-Population_density_of_Indonesia_by_district_%28kecamatan%29_%282022%29_%28alternate_colour_scheme%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Population_density_of_Indonesia_by_district_%28kecamatan%29_%282022%29_%28alternate_colour_scheme%29.svg/330px-Population_density_of_Indonesia_by_district_%28kecamatan%29_%282022%29_%28alternate_colour_scheme%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Population_density_of_Indonesia_by_district_%28kecamatan%29_%282022%29_%28alternate_colour_scheme%29.svg/440px-Population_density_of_Indonesia_by_district_%28kecamatan%29_%282022%29_%28alternate_colour_scheme%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>Map of districts (kecamatan, one level below the city/regency) in Indonesia, coloured by its population density as measured by person per square kilometres</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/2020_Indonesian_census" title="2020 Indonesian census">2020 census</a> recorded <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Indonesia" title="Demographics of Indonesia">Indonesia's population</a> as 270.2 million, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">fourth largest in the world</a>, with a moderately high population growth rate of 1.25%.<a href="#cite_note-2020census-7">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> is the world's most populous island,<a href="#cite_note-246">[241]</a> where 56% of the country's population lives.<a href="#cite_note-2020census-7">[5]</a> The population density is 141 people per square kilometre (370 people/sq mi),<a href="#cite_note-2020census-7">[5]</a> ranking 88th in the world, although Java has a population density of 1,171 people per square kilometre (3,030 people/sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-247">[242]</a> In 1961, the first post-colonial census recorded a total of 97 million people.<a href="#cite_note-248">[243]</a> It is expected to grow to around 295 million by 2030 and 321 million by 2050.<a href="#cite_note-249">[244]</a> The country currently possesses a relatively young population, with a median age of 31.5 years (2024 estimate).<a href="#cite_note-CIA-82">[78]</a> The spread of the population is uneven throughout the archipelago, with a varying habitats and levels of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_provinces_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Indonesian provinces by Human Development Index">development</a>, ranging from the <a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">megacity</a> of Jakarta to <a href="/wiki/Uncontacted_peoples" title="Uncontacted peoples">uncontacted tribes</a> in Papua.<a href="#cite_note-250">[245]</a> As of 2022, about 58% of the population lives in urban areas.<a href="#cite_note-251">[246]</a> Jakarta is the country's <a href="/wiki/Primate_city" title="Primate city">primate city</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">second-most populous urban area globally</a>, with over 34 million residents.<a href="#cite_note-252">[247]</a> About 8 million <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Indonesians" title="Overseas Indonesians">Indonesians live overseas</a>; most settled in Malaysia, the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, South Africa, Singapore, Hong Kong, the United States, and Australia.<a href="#cite_note-253">[248]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float: left;height:2.6em;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_cities_of_Indonesia" title="Template:Largest cities of Indonesia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_cities_of_Indonesia" title="Template talk:Largest cities of Indonesia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_cities_of_Indonesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest cities of Indonesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Indonesia" title="City status in Indonesia">cities</a> in Indonesia <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">2023 <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Indonesia" title="Statistics Indonesia">BPS</a> estimate</div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_cities_by_population" title="List of Indonesian cities by population">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_cities_by_population" title="List of Indonesian cities by population">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Provinces of Indonesia">Province</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_cities_by_population" title="List of Indonesian cities by population"> Pop.</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_cities_by_population" title="List of Indonesian cities by population">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_cities_by_population" title="List of Indonesian cities by population">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Provinces of Indonesia">Province</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_cities_by_population" title="List of Indonesian cities by population"> Pop.</a></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Busway_in_Bundaran_HI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jakarta"><img alt="Jakarta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Busway_in_Bundaran_HI.jpg/120px-Busway_in_Bundaran_HI.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Busway_in_Bundaran_HI.jpg/180px-Busway_in_Bundaran_HI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Busway_in_Bundaran_HI.jpg/240px-Busway_in_Bundaran_HI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4842" data-file-height="2892" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Central_Surabaya_view_taken_from_JW_Marriott_Surabaya_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Surabaya"><img alt="Surabaya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Central_Surabaya_view_taken_from_JW_Marriott_Surabaya_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Central_Surabaya_view_taken_from_JW_Marriott_Surabaya_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Central_Surabaya_view_taken_from_JW_Marriott_Surabaya_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Central_Surabaya_view_taken_from_JW_Marriott_Surabaya_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Central_Surabaya_view_taken_from_JW_Marriott_Surabaya_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Central_Surabaya_view_taken_from_JW_Marriott_Surabaya_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3556" data-file-height="2000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Special_Capital_Region_of_Jakarta" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Capital Region of Jakarta">Special Capital Region</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,135,191</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/South_Tangerang" title="South Tangerang">South Tangerang</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Banten" title="Banten">Banten</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,429,529 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandung_View_dari_Gedung_Wisma_HSBC_Asia_Afrika_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandung"><img alt="Bandung" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bandung_View_dari_Gedung_Wisma_HSBC_Asia_Afrika_4.jpg/120px-Bandung_View_dari_Gedung_Wisma_HSBC_Asia_Afrika_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bandung_View_dari_Gedung_Wisma_HSBC_Asia_Afrika_4.jpg/180px-Bandung_View_dari_Gedung_Wisma_HSBC_Asia_Afrika_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bandung_View_dari_Gedung_Wisma_HSBC_Asia_Afrika_4.jpg/240px-Bandung_View_dari_Gedung_Wisma_HSBC_Asia_Afrika_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2324" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Medan_city_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Medan"><img alt="Medan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Medan_city_2019.jpg/120px-Medan_city_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Medan_city_2019.jpg/180px-Medan_city_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Medan_city_2019.jpg/240px-Medan_city_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1304" data-file-height="598" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Medan" title="Medan">Medan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/East_Java" title="East Java">East Java</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,017,382</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Batam" title="Batam">Batam</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Riau_Islands" title="Riau Islands">Riau Islands</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,294,548 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,579,837</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pekanbaru" title="Pekanbaru">Pekanbaru</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Riau" title="Riau">Riau</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,138,530 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Medan" title="Medan">Medan</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/North_Sumatra" title="North Sumatra">North Sumatra</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,539,829</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bogor" title="Bogor">Bogor</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,137,018 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bekasi" title="Bekasi">Bekasi</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,526,133</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Lampung" title="Bandar Lampung">Bandar Lampung</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lampung" title="Lampung">Lampung</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,073,451 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Depok" title="Depok">Depok</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,967,831</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Padang" title="Padang">Padang</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/West_Sumatra" title="West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">939,851 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tangerang" title="Tangerang">Tangerang</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Banten" title="Banten">Banten</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,927,815</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Malang" title="Malang">Malang</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/East_Java" title="East Java">East Java</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">885,271 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/South_Sumatra" title="South Sumatra">South Sumatra</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,781,672</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Samarinda" title="Samarinda">Samarinda</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/East_Kalimantan" title="East Kalimantan">East Kalimantan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">868,499 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Semarang" title="Semarang">Semarang</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,699,585</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tasikmalaya" title="Tasikmalaya">Tasikmalaya</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">761,080 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Makassar" title="Makassar">Makassar</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/South_Sulawesi" title="South Sulawesi">South Sulawesi</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,477,861</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Denpasar" title="Denpasar">Denpasar</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">670,210 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups_and_languages">Ethnic groups and languages</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Indonesia" title="Ethnic groups in Indonesia">Ethnic groups in Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Native_Indonesians" title="Native Indonesians">Native Indonesians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Languages of Indonesia">Languages of Indonesia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indonesia_Ethnic_Groups_Map_English.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Indonesia_Ethnic_Groups_Map_English.svg/330px-Indonesia_Ethnic_Groups_Map_English.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Indonesia_Ethnic_Groups_Map_English.svg/495px-Indonesia_Ethnic_Groups_Map_English.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Indonesia_Ethnic_Groups_Map_English.svg/660px-Indonesia_Ethnic_Groups_Map_English.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="215" /></a><figcaption>A map of ethnic groups in Indonesia</figcaption></figure> Indonesia is home to around 600 distinct native ethnic groups,<a href="#cite_note-BPS-254">[249]</a> predominantly descended from <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a> originating in <a href="/wiki/Proto-Austronesian_language" title="Proto-Austronesian language">Proto-Austronesian languages</a>, likely from modern-day Taiwan. The <a href="/wiki/Melanesians" title="Melanesians">Melanesians</a>, who inhabit eastern Indonesia, represent another significant ethnic grouping.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor20035–7-30">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitton2003139,_181,_251,_435-255">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[252]</a> The Javanese, making up 40.06% of the population,<a href="#cite_note-ISEASdemo-258">[253]</a> are the largest ethnic group and politically dominant,<a href="#cite_note-259">[254]</a> primarily residing in central and eastern Java but also has sizable numbers in other provinces. Other major groups include the <a href="/wiki/Sundanese_people" title="Sundanese people">Sundanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malay_Indonesians" title="Malay Indonesians">Malay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batak" title="Batak">Batak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madurese_people" title="Madurese people">Madurese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betawi_people" title="Betawi people">Betawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_people" title="Minangkabau people">Minangkabau</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bugis_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bugis people">Bugis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ISEASdemo-258">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[f]</a> A sense of Indonesian nationhood exists alongside strong regional identities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERicklefs1991256-261">[255]</a> The official language, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>, is a variant of <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> based on its <a href="/wiki/Prestige_(sociolinguistics)" title="Prestige (sociolinguistics)">prestige dialect</a> that became the archipelago's <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> over the course of centuries.<a href="#cite_note-265">[g]</a> It was first <a href="/wiki/Youth_Pledge" title="Youth Pledge">promoted by nationalists in the 1920s</a> and gained official status in 1945 following independence under the name Bahasa Indonesia,<a href="#cite_note-266">[259]</a> and has since been widely adopted due to its use in education, media, business, and governance. While nearly all Indonesians speak Indonesian, most also speak one of over 700 local languages, often as their first language.<a href="#cite_note-ethnologue-267">[260]</a> These are predominantly from the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian family</a>, with over 270 <a href="/wiki/Papuan_languages" title="Papuan languages">Papuan languages</a> in eastern Indonesia.<a href="#cite_note-ethnologue-267">[260]</a> <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a> is the most widely spoken local language,<a href="#cite_note-CIA-82">[78]</a> and it holds co-official status in <a href="/wiki/Special_Region_of_Yogyakarta" title="Special Region of Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-268">[261]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a> and other European-descended populations like the <a href="/wiki/Indo_people" title="Indo people">Indos</a>, though significant during colonial times, always represented a small fraction of the population, numbering 208,000 in 1930.<a href="#cite_note-269">[262]</a> The Dutch language never gained substantial traction due to the Dutch colonial focus on commerce rather than cultural integration.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBakerPrys_Jones1998202-270">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ward-271">[264]</a> Dutch fluency exists today in small numbers among some older generations and legal professionals,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmmonDittmarMattheierTrudgill20062017-272">[265]</a> as specific legal codes remain available only in Dutch.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBooij19992-273">[266]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Religion in Indonesia">Religion in Indonesia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Religious_affiliation_by_district_(kecamatan)_in_Indonesia_(2022).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Religious_affiliation_by_district_%28kecamatan%29_in_Indonesia_%282022%29.svg/330px-Religious_affiliation_by_district_%28kecamatan%29_in_Indonesia_%282022%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Religious_affiliation_by_district_%28kecamatan%29_in_Indonesia_%282022%29.svg/495px-Religious_affiliation_by_district_%28kecamatan%29_in_Indonesia_%282022%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Religious_affiliation_by_district_%28kecamatan%29_in_Indonesia_%282022%29.svg/660px-Religious_affiliation_by_district_%28kecamatan%29_in_Indonesia_%282022%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Map of districts (kecamatan, one level below the municipality) in Indonesia, coloured by the plurality/majority religious affiliation in the district and what percentage of citizens it represents</figcaption></figure> Indonesia officially recognises <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Religion in Indonesia">six religions</a>: <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Islam in Indonesia">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Indonesia" title="Protestantism in Indonesia">Protestantism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Indonesia">Roman Catholicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Indonesia" title="Hinduism in Indonesia">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Indonesia" title="Buddhism in Indonesia">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_for_the_Confucian_Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Supreme Council for the Confucian Religion in Indonesia">Confucianism</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marshall-275">[268]</a>—while also acknowledging <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religion" title="Indigenous religion">indigenous religions</a> for administrative purposes<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-275">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[269]</a> and religious freedom in the constitution.<a href="#cite_note-277">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-UUD45-138">[134]</a> As of 2023, 87.1% of the population (244 million Indonesians), are Muslims, making Indonesia the world's most populous Muslim-majority country,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERicklefs2001379-278">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-3">[2]</a> with Sunnis constituting 99% of the Muslim population.<a href="#cite_note-279">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[h]</a> Christians, comprising 10% of the population, form majorities in several eastern provinces,<a href="#cite_note-282">[274]</a> while Hindus and Buddhists are primarily Balinese and Chinese Indonesians, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-283">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[276]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pradaksina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Pradaksina.jpg/220px-Pradaksina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Pradaksina.jpg/330px-Pradaksina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Pradaksina.jpg/440px-Pradaksina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5846" data-file-height="3897" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monks</a> performing <a href="/wiki/Parikrama" title="Parikrama">Pradakshina</a> ritual at <a href="/wiki/Borobudur" title="Borobudur">Borobudur</a> temple, Central Java</figcaption></figure> Before the arrival of major world religions, Indonesia's natives practiced <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dynamism_(metaphysics)" title="Dynamism (metaphysics)">dynamism</a>, worshiping ancestral spirits and believing in the supernatural (<a href="/wiki/Hyang" title="Hyang">hyang</a>) inhabiting natural elements, such as large trees, mountains and forests.<a href="#cite_note-Ooi-285">[277]</a> Such beliefs are common to the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ooi-285">[277]</a> These indigenous traditions, such as Sundanese <a href="/wiki/Sunda_Wiwitan" title="Sunda Wiwitan">Sunda Wiwitan</a>, Javanese <a href="/wiki/Kejaw%C3%A8n" title="Kejawèn">Kejawèn</a> and Dayak's <a href="/wiki/Kaharingan" title="Kaharingan">Kaharingan</a>, have profoundly influenced modern religious practices, resulting in a less orthodox and syncretic form of faith like Javanese <a href="/wiki/Abangan" title="Abangan">abangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Balinese Hinduism</a> and Dayak Christianity.<a href="#cite_note-286">[278]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salah_Satu_Upacara_Besar_Di_Pura_Agung_Besakih.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Salah_Satu_Upacara_Besar_Di_Pura_Agung_Besakih.jpg/220px-Salah_Satu_Upacara_Besar_Di_Pura_Agung_Besakih.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Salah_Satu_Upacara_Besar_Di_Pura_Agung_Besakih.jpg/330px-Salah_Satu_Upacara_Besar_Di_Pura_Agung_Besakih.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Salah_Satu_Upacara_Besar_Di_Pura_Agung_Besakih.jpg/440px-Salah_Satu_Upacara_Besar_Di_Pura_Agung_Besakih.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2809" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> prayer ceremony at <a href="/wiki/Besakih_Temple" title="Besakih Temple">Besakih Temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>, the only Indonesian province where <a href="/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Hinduism</a> is the predominant religion</figcaption></figure> Hinduism reached the archipelago in the 1st century CE,<a href="#cite_note-287">[279]</a> followed by Buddhism in the 6th century.<a href="#cite_note-288">[280]</a> Both religions shaped Indonesia's religious history through influential empires like Majapahit, Srivijaya, and Sailendra, leaving a lasting cultural impact that remains today despite both no longer being the majority.<a href="#cite_note-289">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[282]</a> Islam arrived as early as the 8th century<a href="#cite_note-291">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[284]</a> through Sunni and Sufi traders from the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Arabia" title="South Arabia">southern Arabian peninsula</a>, mixing with local cultural and religious traditions to form a distinct Islamic culture (<a href="/wiki/Pesantren" title="Pesantren">santri</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERicklefs199112–14-37">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[285]</a> By the 16th century, Islam had become the dominant religion on Java and Sumatra, resulting from the combination of trade, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_missionary_activity" title="Islamic missionary activity">dawah</a> such as by the <a href="/wiki/Wali_Sanga" title="Wali Sanga">Wali Sanga</a> and Chinese explorer <a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a>, and military campaigns by several sultanates.<a href="#cite_note-294">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[287]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banda_Aceh%27s_Grand_Mosque,_Indonesia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Banda_Aceh%27s_Grand_Mosque%2C_Indonesia.jpg/220px-Banda_Aceh%27s_Grand_Mosque%2C_Indonesia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Banda_Aceh%27s_Grand_Mosque%2C_Indonesia.jpg/330px-Banda_Aceh%27s_Grand_Mosque%2C_Indonesia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Banda_Aceh%27s_Grand_Mosque%2C_Indonesia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="284" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Baiturrahman_Grand_Mosque" title="Baiturrahman Grand Mosque">Baiturrahman Grand Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Banda_Aceh" title="Banda Aceh">Banda Aceh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Spread of Islam in Indonesia">spread of Islam in Indonesia</a> began in the region</figcaption></figure> Catholicism and Protestantism were later introduced through missionary efforts during European colonization, such as by <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERicklefs199125,_26,_28-296">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[289]</a> though the spread of the former faced challenges under the policies of VOC and the Dutch colonial era. The latter's primary branches include <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERicklefs199128,_62-298">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers200522-299">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[292]</a> though a multitude of other denominations exist in the country.<a href="#cite_note-301">[293]</a> A small Jewish presence has existed in the archipelago, primarily descendants of Dutch and Iraqi Jews, though their numbers have dwindled since independence in 1945. Only a few Jews remain today, mostly in major cities like Jakarta, <a href="/wiki/Manado" title="Manado">Manado</a> and Surabaya.<a href="#cite_note-302">[294]</a> One of the remaining synagogues, <a href="/wiki/Sha%27ar_Hashamayim_Synagogue_(Tondano)" title="Sha'ar Hashamayim Synagogue (Tondano)">Sha'ar Hashamayim</a>, is located in Tondano, North Sulawesi, which is around 31 km from Manado.<a href="#cite_note-303">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aryani_2022_pp._199–226-304">[296]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patung_Tuan_ma-Semana_Santa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Patung_Tuan_ma-Semana_Santa.jpg/220px-Patung_Tuan_ma-Semana_Santa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Patung_Tuan_ma-Semana_Santa.jpg/330px-Patung_Tuan_ma-Semana_Santa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Patung_Tuan_ma-Semana_Santa.jpg/440px-Patung_Tuan_ma-Semana_Santa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4703" data-file-height="3135" /></a><figcaption>Semana Santa festival in <a href="/wiki/Larantuka" title="Larantuka">Larantuka</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Nusa_Tenggara" title="East Nusa Tenggara">East Nusa Tenggara</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> ritual during <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a></figcaption></figure> Interfaith relations in Indonesia are significantly shaped by political leadership and civil society, guided by the first principle of Pancasila,<a href="#cite_note-305">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers2005117-306">[298]</a> which emphasises belief in a supreme deity and religious tolerance. While the principle promotes harmony,<a href="#cite_note-307">[299]</a> religious intolerance continues to be a recurring issue.<a href="#cite_note-mino-190">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-RIP-78">[74]</a> Religion is central to the lives of the overwhelming majority of Indonesians, which reflects its integral role in the country's society, culture and identity.<a href="#cite_note-308">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[301]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Indonesia" title="Education in Indonesia">Education in Indonesia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:No_18_Rektorat_Universitas_Indonesia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/No_18_Rektorat_Universitas_Indonesia.jpg/220px-No_18_Rektorat_Universitas_Indonesia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/No_18_Rektorat_Universitas_Indonesia.jpg/330px-No_18_Rektorat_Universitas_Indonesia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/No_18_Rektorat_Universitas_Indonesia.jpg/440px-No_18_Rektorat_Universitas_Indonesia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4208" data-file-height="2368" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_Indonesia" title="University of Indonesia">University of Indonesia</a> is one of Indonesia's top universities</figcaption></figure> Indonesia has <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Indonesia" title="Education in Indonesia">one of the largest education systems</a> in the world, with over 50 million students, 4 million teachers, and more than 250,000 schools spanning the archipelago.<a href="#cite_note-worldBankEdu-310">[302]</a> Overseen by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Primary_and_Secondary_Education" title="Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education">Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Higher_Education,_Science,_and_Technology_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology (Indonesia)">Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Religious_Affairs_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)">Ministry of Religious Affairs</a> for Islamic schools,<a href="#cite_note-worldBankEdu-310">[302]</a> the system follows a 6-3-3-4 structure: six years of elementary school, three years each of junior and senior secondary school, and four years of tertiary education.<a href="#cite_note-311">[303]</a> While literacy rates are high (96%),<a href="#cite_note-CIA-82">[78]</a> it is lower in rural and remote areas. Enrolment rates vary across educational levels, with near-universal enrolment in primary education (97.9%), but drop to 81.7% and 64.2% in lower and upper secondary education and to around 42.6% for tertiary education.<a href="#cite_note-312">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[305]</a> Government spending on education accounts for approximately 3.6% of GDP in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-314">[306]</a> In the same year, there are 4,481 higher education institutions in the country, including universities, Islamic institutions and open universities.<a href="#cite_note-315">[307]</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Indonesia" title="University of Indonesia">University of Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gadjah_Mada_University" title="Gadjah Mada University">Gadjah Mada University</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bandung_Institute_of_Technology" title="Bandung Institute of Technology">Bandung Institute of Technology</a> are the top three universities in the country, all of which rank within the world's top 300 universities.<a href="#cite_note-316">[308]</a> Issues regarding quality and equity are persistent, in particular urban-rural disparities, inadequate school infrastructure, and a lack of qualified teachers.<a href="#cite_note-317">[309]</a> The system also lags behind in international benchmarks, such as the <a href="/wiki/Programme_for_International_Student_Assessment" title="Programme for International Student Assessment">Programme for International Student Assessment</a> (PISA) where Indonesian students consistently rank near the bottom in reading, mathematics, and science.<a href="#cite_note-318">[310]</a> In the higher education landscape, it has been struggling with underfunding, low quality, limited research output and a mismatch between graduates' skills and labor market needs.<a href="#cite_note-319">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[312]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Indonesia" title="Healthcare in Indonesia">Healthcare in Indonesia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ciptomangun-hospital.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Ciptomangun-hospital.jpg/220px-Ciptomangun-hospital.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Ciptomangun-hospital.jpg/330px-Ciptomangun-hospital.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Ciptomangun-hospital.jpg/440px-Ciptomangun-hospital.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2076" data-file-height="1734" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dr._Cipto_Mangunkusumo_Hospital" title="Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital">Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital</a> in Jakarta</figcaption></figure> Indonesia has made significant progress in developing its <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Indonesia" title="Healthcare in Indonesia">healthcare system</a> since 1945. Initially, healthcare services were limited, with a shortage of doctors, hospitals, and infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-APO-321">[313]</a> In the late 1960s, the government began establishing <a href="/wiki/Puskesmas" title="Puskesmas">community health centers</a> (puskesmas) to provide basic services in rural areas.<a href="#cite_note-APO-321">[313]</a> With the help from the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> in the 1970s and 1980s, Indonesia implemented an immunisation program to combat diseases like polio and measles.<a href="#cite_note-BMC-322">[314]</a> The system experienced a major transformation in 2014 with the launch of <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Indonesia#Universal_health_coverage" title="Healthcare in Indonesia">Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional</a> (JKN), a <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a> managed by the <a href="/wiki/BPJS_Kesehatan" title="BPJS Kesehatan">Social Security Agency on Health</a> (BPJS Kesehatan).<a href="#cite_note-323">[315]</a> It is one of the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Single-payer_healthcare" title="Single-payer healthcare">single-payer systems</a>, covering over 83% of the population (225 million) in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-324">[316]</a> Government spending on healthcare accounts for 3.71% of GDP.<a href="#cite_note-325">[317]</a> Primary healthcare is delivered through puskesmas, hospitals, and private clinics. While the healthcare system lags behind those in ASEAN neighbours like Malaysia and Singapore,<a href="#cite_note-326">[318]</a> significant outcomes have been achieved, such as increasing life expectancy (from 54.9 years in 1973 to 71.1 years in 2023),<a href="#cite_note-327">[319]</a> declining child mortality (from 15.5 deaths per 100 live births in 1972 to 2.1 deaths in 2022),<a href="#cite_note-328">[320]</a> polio eradication in 2014,<a href="#cite_note-BMC-322">[314]</a> and decreasing cases of malaria.<a href="#cite_note-329">[321]</a> Some chronic health issues persist, including <a href="/wiki/Stunted_growth" title="Stunted growth">child stunting</a> that affects 21.6% of children under five according to a 2022 data.<a href="#cite_note-330">[322]</a> Low air quality, particularly in major cities,<a href="#cite_note-331">[323]</a> contributes to respiratory illnesses, while maternal and child health indicators remain areas of concern, with a <a href="/wiki/Maternal_death" title="Maternal death">maternal mortality</a> rate the third highest in the region.<a href="#cite_note-332">[324]</a> Additionally, Indonesia has one of the <a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Indonesia" title="Smoking in Indonesia">highest smoking rates</a> globally (34.8% of adults), contributing to a high prevalence of non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular issues and lung cancer.<a href="#cite_note-333">[325]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia" title="Culture of Indonesia">Culture of Indonesia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/National_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_of_Indonesia" title="National Intangible Cultural Heritage of Indonesia">National Intangible Cultural Heritage of Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Indonesia" title="Public holidays in Indonesia">Public holidays in Indonesia</a></div> The cultural history of Indonesia spans over two thousand years, influenced by the Indian subcontinent, China, the Middle East, Europe,<a href="#cite_note-JForshee-334">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-335">[327]</a> Melanesian, and Austronesian peoples. These influences have shaped the country’s multicultural, multilingual, and multi-ethnic identity,<a href="#cite_note-ethnologue-267">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-BPS-254">[249]</a> distinct from its indigenous roots. Indonesia holds <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">16 items recognised by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang">wayang</a> puppet theatre, <a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">batik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angklung" title="Angklung">angklung</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Saman_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Saman dance">saman dance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pencak_silat" title="Pencak silat">pencak silat</a>. Recent joint nominations added <a href="/wiki/Pantun" title="Pantun">pantun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kebaya" title="Kebaya">kebaya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kolintang" title="Kolintang">kolintang</a> to the list.<a href="#cite_note-336">[328]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art_and_architecture">Art and architecture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_art" title="Indonesian art">Indonesian art</a> and <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Indonesia" title="Architecture of Indonesia">Architecture of Indonesia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_painting" title="Indonesian painting">Indonesian painting</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:82px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Raden_Saleh_-_View_of_Dieng_Plateau_(1872).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Raden_Saleh_-_View_of_Dieng_Plateau_%281872%29.jpg/137px-Raden_Saleh_-_View_of_Dieng_Plateau_%281872%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Raden_Saleh_-_View_of_Dieng_Plateau_%281872%29.jpg/206px-Raden_Saleh_-_View_of_Dieng_Plateau_%281872%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Raden_Saleh_-_View_of_Dieng_Plateau_%281872%29.jpg/274px-Raden_Saleh_-_View_of_Dieng_Plateau_%281872%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="1928" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">View of Dieng Plateau (1872) by <a href="/wiki/Raden_Saleh" title="Raden Saleh">Raden Saleh</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:149px;max-width:149px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:82px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Raden_Saleh_-_Six_Horsemen_Chasing_Deer,_1860.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Raden_Saleh_-_Six_Horsemen_Chasing_Deer%2C_1860.jpg/147px-Raden_Saleh_-_Six_Horsemen_Chasing_Deer%2C_1860.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Raden_Saleh_-_Six_Horsemen_Chasing_Deer%2C_1860.jpg/221px-Raden_Saleh_-_Six_Horsemen_Chasing_Deer%2C_1860.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Raden_Saleh_-_Six_Horsemen_Chasing_Deer%2C_1860.jpg/294px-Raden_Saleh_-_Six_Horsemen_Chasing_Deer%2C_1860.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7800" data-file-height="4357" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Six Horsemen Chasing Deer (1860) by Raden Saleh</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Tongkonan_Pallawa_Toraja_Utara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Tongkonan_Pallawa_Toraja_Utara.jpg/142px-Tongkonan_Pallawa_Toraja_Utara.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Tongkonan_Pallawa_Toraja_Utara.jpg/213px-Tongkonan_Pallawa_Toraja_Utara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Tongkonan_Pallawa_Toraja_Utara.jpg/284px-Tongkonan_Pallawa_Toraja_Utara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Tongkonan" title="Tongkonan">Tongkonan</a>, a traditional <a href="/wiki/Torajan" class="mw-redirect" title="Torajan">Torajan</a> <a href="/wiki/Rumah_adat" title="Rumah adat">vernacular house</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_Balla_Lompoa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Museum_Balla_Lompoa.jpg/142px-Museum_Balla_Lompoa.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Museum_Balla_Lompoa.jpg/213px-Museum_Balla_Lompoa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Museum_Balla_Lompoa.jpg/284px-Museum_Balla_Lompoa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Bugis" title="Bugis">Bugis</a> house, South Sulawesi</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:143px;max-width:143px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Gedung_Sate_Oktober_2024_-_Rahmatdenas_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gedung_Sate_Oktober_2024_-_Rahmatdenas_%28cropped%29.jpg/141px-Gedung_Sate_Oktober_2024_-_Rahmatdenas_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gedung_Sate_Oktober_2024_-_Rahmatdenas_%28cropped%29.jpg/212px-Gedung_Sate_Oktober_2024_-_Rahmatdenas_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gedung_Sate_Oktober_2024_-_Rahmatdenas_%28cropped%29.jpg/282px-Gedung_Sate_Oktober_2024_-_Rahmatdenas_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6638" data-file-height="4425" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Gedung_Sate" title="Gedung Sate">Gedung Sate</a> building is an example of <a href="/wiki/Sundanese_people#Architecture" title="Sundanese people">Sundanese</a> and foreign mix architecture in <a href="/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:145px;max-width:145px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Pagaruyung_palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pagaruyung_palace.jpg/143px-Pagaruyung_palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pagaruyung_palace.jpg/215px-Pagaruyung_palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Pagaruyung_palace.jpg/286px-Pagaruyung_palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3162" data-file-height="2080" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Pagaruyung_Palace" title="Pagaruyung Palace">Pagaruyung Palace</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Rumah_gadang" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumah gadang">Minangkabau architecture</a> from <a href="/wiki/West_Sumatra" title="West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a></div></div></div></div></div> Indonesian arts encompasses traditional and contemporary forms shaped by influences from India, the Arab world, China, and Europe, driven by cultural exchange and trade.<a href="#cite_note-337">[329]</a> Bali's <a href="/wiki/Balinese_art" title="Balinese art">artistic traditions</a>, such as classical <a href="/wiki/Kamasan" title="Kamasan">Kamasan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang">Wayang</a>-style painting, are renowned, originating from visual narratives depicted on <a href="/wiki/Candi_of_Indonesia" title="Candi of Indonesia">candi</a> bas-reliefs from eastern Java.<a href="#cite_note-338">[330]</a> Traditional architecture reflects ethnic diversity, with iconic and traditional houses (<a href="/wiki/Rumah_adat" title="Rumah adat">rumah adat</a>) like Toraja's <a href="/wiki/Tongkonan" title="Tongkonan">Tongkonan</a>, Minangkabau's <a href="/wiki/Rumah_Gadang" title="Rumah Gadang">Rumah Gadang</a>, Java's <a href="/wiki/Pendopo" class="mw-redirect" title="Pendopo">Pendopo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dayak_people" title="Dayak people">Dayak</a> <a href="/wiki/Longhouse" title="Longhouse">longhouses</a> each showcasing unique customs and histories.<a href="#cite_note-339">[331]</a> Other traditional crafts, including carpentry and masonry, showcase intricate decorations and techniques passed down through generations. Discoveries of <a href="/wiki/Megalithic_art" title="Megalithic art">megalithic sculptures</a> led to the flourishing of tribal art among the Nias, Batak, Asmat, Dayak, and Toraja communities,<a href="#cite_note-340">[332]</a><a href="#cite_note-341">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-342">[334]</a> who utilised wood and stone as primary sculpting materials. From the 8th to 15th centuries, the Javanese civilization excelled in sophisticated stone sculpting and architecture, heavily influenced by the Hindu-Buddhist Dharmic culture. This period produced monumental works like the <a href="/wiki/Borobudur" title="Borobudur">Borobudur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prambanan" title="Prambanan">Prambanan</a> temples,<a href="#cite_note-343">[335]</a> which today remain celebrated as masterpieces of Indonesia's sophisticated artistic and architectural heritage. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music,_dance_and_clothing">Music, dance and clothing</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia" title="Music of Indonesia">Music of Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Indonesia" title="Dance in Indonesia">Dance in Indonesia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia" title="National costume of Indonesia">National costume of Indonesia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:169px;max-width:169px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:127px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Gamelan_Player_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Gamelan_Player_1.JPG/167px-Gamelan_Player_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="167" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Gamelan_Player_1.JPG/251px-Gamelan_Player_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Gamelan_Player_1.JPG/334px-Gamelan_Player_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="864" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:127px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Angklung-arumba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Angklung-arumba.jpg/117px-Angklung-arumba.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Angklung-arumba.jpg/176px-Angklung-arumba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Angklung-arumba.jpg/234px-Angklung-arumba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="905" data-file-height="981" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:148px;max-width:148px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:97px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Tari_Pendet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tari_Pendet.jpg/146px-Tari_Pendet.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tari_Pendet.jpg/219px-Tari_Pendet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tari_Pendet.jpg/292px-Tari_Pendet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:97px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaipongan_Bunga_Tanjung_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Jaipongan_Bunga_Tanjung_02.jpg/138px-Jaipongan_Bunga_Tanjung_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Jaipongan_Bunga_Tanjung_02.jpg/207px-Jaipongan_Bunga_Tanjung_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Jaipongan_Bunga_Tanjung_02.jpg/276px-Jaipongan_Bunga_Tanjung_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2268" data-file-height="1600" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:116px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Tari_Saman_di_TMII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Tari_Saman_di_TMII.jpg/175px-Tari_Saman_di_TMII.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Tari_Saman_di_TMII.jpg/263px-Tari_Saman_di_TMII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Tari_Saman_di_TMII.jpg/350px-Tari_Saman_di_TMII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:111px;max-width:111px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:116px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Tari_Piring.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Tari_Piring.jpg/109px-Tari_Piring.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Tari_Piring.jpg/164px-Tari_Piring.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Tari_Piring.jpg/218px-Tari_Piring.jpg 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Indonesian music and dance. From top, left to right: Javanese <a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">Gamelan</a> player; <a href="/wiki/Angklung" title="Angklung">Angklung</a>; Balinese <a href="/wiki/Pendet" class="mw-redirect" title="Pendet">Pendet</a> dance; Sundanese <a href="/wiki/Jaipongan" title="Jaipongan">Jaipongan</a> Mojang Priangan dance; Acehnese <a href="/wiki/Saman_(dance)" title="Saman (dance)">Saman</a> dance; Minangkabau <a href="/wiki/Candle_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Candle dance">Candle</a> dance</div></div></div></div> Indonesia's musical heritage predates historical records, with indigenous tribes using chants and traditional instruments like the <a href="/wiki/Angklung" title="Angklung">angklung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sasando" title="Sasando">sasando</a> in rituals. Influences from other cultures have enriched Indonesian music, such as the <a href="/wiki/Qanb%C5%ABs" title="Qanbūs">gambus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qasida" title="Qasida">qasida</a> from the Middle East,<a href="#cite_note-344">[336]</a> <a href="/wiki/Keroncong" class="mw-redirect" title="Keroncong">keroncong</a> from Portugal,<a href="#cite_note-345">[337]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dangdut" title="Dangdut">dangdut</a> (one of the country's most popular music genres), which incorporates Hindi, Malay, and Middle Eastern elements.<a href="#cite_note-346">[338]</a> Today, Indonesian music enjoys regional popularity in Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei due to cultural similarities and <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Indonesian_and_Standard_Malay" title="Comparison of Indonesian and Standard Malay">language intelligibility</a>.<a href="#cite_note-347">[339]</a><a href="#cite_note-348">[340]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[341]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:156px;max-width:156px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:199px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bamboofabric.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Bamboofabric.png/154px-Bamboofabric.png" decoding="async" width="154" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Bamboofabric.png/231px-Bamboofabric.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Bamboofabric.png 2x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="313" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">A typical <a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_people" title="Minangkabau people">Minangkabau</a> <a href="/wiki/Songket" title="Songket">songket</a>, the pattern in the lower third representing <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a> sprouts</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:199px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Katoenen_wikkelrok_met_geometrisch_patroon_TMnr_5713-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Katoenen_wikkelrok_met_geometrisch_patroon_TMnr_5713-2.jpg/130px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Katoenen_wikkelrok_met_geometrisch_patroon_TMnr_5713-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Katoenen_wikkelrok_met_geometrisch_patroon_TMnr_5713-2.jpg/195px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Katoenen_wikkelrok_met_geometrisch_patroon_TMnr_5713-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Katoenen_wikkelrok_met_geometrisch_patroon_TMnr_5713-2.jpg/260px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Katoenen_wikkelrok_met_geometrisch_patroon_TMnr_5713-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="768" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Cotton <a href="/wiki/Wrap_skirt" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrap skirt">wikkelrok</a> with <a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">batik</a> geometric pattern</div></div></div></div></div> With over 3,000 traditional dances, Indonesian dance forms have its origins in rituals and religious worship,<a href="#cite_note-350">[342]</a> such as a dance of witch doctors and <a href="/wiki/Hudoq" title="Hudoq">Hudoq</a>, as well as periods of Hindu-Buddhist and Islamic influence. While modern and urban dances shaped by Western, Japanese, and South Korean cultures are growing in popularity, traditional dances like those of Java, Bali, and Dayak remain a living tradition.<a href="#cite_note-351">[343]</a> Indonesia's rich cultural history is also reflected in its diverse clothing styles, with national costumes like <a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">batik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kebaya" title="Kebaya">kebaya</a> being widely recognised, which have its roots in Javanese, Sundanese and Balinese cultures.<a href="#cite_note-352">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-353">[345]</a> Traditional attire varies by region and by each province, such as the Batak <a href="/wiki/Ulos" title="Ulos">ulos</a>, Malay and Minangkabau <a href="/wiki/Songket" title="Songket">songket</a>, and Sasak <a href="/wiki/Ikat" title="Ikat">ikat</a>, and is commonly worn for ceremonies, weddings, and formal events.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-353">[345]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre_and_cinema">Theatre and cinema</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Indonesia" title="Theatre of Indonesia">Theatre of Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Indonesia" title="Cinema of Indonesia">Cinema of Indonesia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_Indonesia" title="List of highest-grossing films in Indonesia">List of highest-grossing films in Indonesia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wayang_Wong_Bharata_Pandawa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wayang_Wong_Bharata_Pandawa.jpg/220px-Wayang_Wong_Bharata_Pandawa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wayang_Wong_Bharata_Pandawa.jpg/330px-Wayang_Wong_Bharata_Pandawa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wayang_Wong_Bharata_Pandawa.jpg/440px-Wayang_Wong_Bharata_Pandawa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2268" data-file-height="1261" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Pandava" title="Pandava">Pandavas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> in an act of the Wayang Wong performance</figcaption></figure> Traditional Indonesian theatre, such as wayang shadow puppetry often depicts Hindu epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata.<a href="#cite_note-354">[346]</a> Other forms of dramas, such as <a href="/wiki/Ludruk" title="Ludruk">Ludruk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ketoprak" title="Ketoprak">Ketoprak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandiwara" title="Sandiwara">Sandiwara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lenong" title="Lenong">Lenong</a><a href="#cite_note-355">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-356">[348]</a> and Balinese dance dramas often incorporate humor, music, and audience interaction.<a href="#cite_note-357">[349]</a> Unique traditions like the Minangkabau <a href="/wiki/Randai" title="Randai">Randai</a> combine music, dance, and martial arts (<a href="/wiki/Silat" title="Silat">silat</a>), telling semi-historical legends during traditional ceremonies and festivals.<a href="#cite_note-358">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-randai-359">[351]</a> Modern theatre, exemplified by Teater Koma, addresses social and political themes through satire.<a href="#cite_note-360">[352]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Loetoeng_Kasaroeng_p67.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loetoeng_Kasaroeng_p67.jpg/170px-Loetoeng_Kasaroeng_p67.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loetoeng_Kasaroeng_p67.jpg/255px-Loetoeng_Kasaroeng_p67.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loetoeng_Kasaroeng_p67.jpg/340px-Loetoeng_Kasaroeng_p67.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1592" data-file-height="2040" /></a><figcaption>Advertisement for <a href="/wiki/Loetoeng_Kasaroeng" title="Loetoeng Kasaroeng">Loetoeng Kasaroeng</a> (1926), the first fiction film produced in the Dutch East Indies</figcaption></figure> The first film produced in the archipelago was <a href="/wiki/Loetoeng_Kasaroeng" title="Loetoeng Kasaroeng">Loetoeng Kasaroeng</a> (1926), a silent film by Dutch director L. Heuveldorp, and the film industry expanded post-independence with <a href="/wiki/Usmar_Ismail" title="Usmar Ismail">Usmar Ismail</a>'s pioneering work in the 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-361">[353]</a> During the latter part of Sukarno era in the 1960s, films were used to promote nationalism and anti-Western sentiment, while Suharto's New Order imposed censorship to maintain social order.<a href="#cite_note-Krishna_Sen-362">[354]</a> Film productions peaked in the 1980s with notable titles such as <a href="/wiki/Satan%27s_Slave_(1980_film)" title="Satan's Slave (1980 film)">Pengabdi Setan</a> (1980), <a href="/wiki/Tjoet_Nja%27_Dhien" title="Tjoet Nja' Dhien">Tjoet Nja' Dhien</a> (1988) and <a href="/wiki/Warkop" title="Warkop">Warkop</a> comedy films, but the industry declined in the next decade.<a href="#cite_note-Ctrip-363">[355]</a> In the post-Suharto era, the industry saw a resurgence,<a href="#cite_note-364">[356]</a> and independent filmmakers tackled previously censored themes like race, religion and love,<a href="#cite_note-Krishna_Sen-362">[354]</a> producing notable films such as <a href="/wiki/Petualangan_Sherina" title="Petualangan Sherina">Petualangan Sherina</a> (2000) and <a href="/wiki/Ada_Apa_dengan_Cinta%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="Ada Apa dengan Cinta?">Ada Apa dengan Cinta?</a> (2002) and <a href="/wiki/Laskar_Pelangi" title="Laskar Pelangi">Laskar Pelangi</a> (2008). The 2022 film <a href="/wiki/KKN_di_Desa_Penari" title="KKN di Desa Penari">KKN di Desa Penari</a> set box office records, becoming the most-watched Indonesian film with 9.2 million tickets sold.<a href="#cite_note-365">[357]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Film_Festival" title="Indonesian Film Festival">Indonesian Film Festival</a> (Festival Film Indonesia), awarding the <a href="/wiki/Citra_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Citra Award">Citra Award</a>, has celebrated cinematic achievements since 1955. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mass_media_and_literature">Mass media and literature</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Indonesia" title="Mass media in Indonesia">Mass media in Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_literature" title="Indonesian literature">Indonesian literature</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Media_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Indonesia">Media</a> freedom in Indonesia significantly improved after the fall of Suharto's rule, during which media was tightly controlled by the Ministry of Information.<a href="#cite_note-366">[358]</a> The television landscape shifted from a monopoly by public broadcaster <a href="/wiki/TVRI" title="TVRI">TVRI</a> (1962–1989) to a competitive market with national and provincial networks. By the 21st century, television signals have reached every village, offering up to 11 channels.<a href="#cite_note-frd2011-367">[359]</a> Private radio stations provide news, while foreign broadcasters offer diverse programming. Print publications also expanded significantly after 1998.<a href="#cite_note-frd2011-367">[359]</a> Indonesia's internet development began in the early 1990s, with the first commercial <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">Internet service provider</a>, PT. Indo Internet, starting operations in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-368">[360]</a> By 2018, the country had 171 million internet users,<a href="#cite_note-369">[361]</a> primarily aged 15 to 19, who accessed the internet mostly through mobile phones rather than computers.<a href="#cite_note-370">[362]</a> Internet penetration continues to grow annually. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pramudya_Ananta_Tur_Kesusastraan_Modern_Indonesia_p226.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Pramudya_Ananta_Tur_Kesusastraan_Modern_Indonesia_p226.jpg/170px-Pramudya_Ananta_Tur_Kesusastraan_Modern_Indonesia_p226.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Pramudya_Ananta_Tur_Kesusastraan_Modern_Indonesia_p226.jpg/255px-Pramudya_Ananta_Tur_Kesusastraan_Modern_Indonesia_p226.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Pramudya_Ananta_Tur_Kesusastraan_Modern_Indonesia_p226.jpg/340px-Pramudya_Ananta_Tur_Kesusastraan_Modern_Indonesia_p226.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1234" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pramoedya_Ananta_Toer" title="Pramoedya Ananta Toer">Pramoedya Ananta Toer</a>, Indonesia's famous novelist. Many considered him to be Southeast Asia's leading candidate for a <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a><a href="#cite_note-371">[363]</a></figcaption></figure> Indonesian literature has roots in <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> inscriptions from the 5th century and a strong <a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">oral tradition</a>,<a href="#cite_note-372">[364]</a> while early modern literature originates in Sumatran tradition.<a href="#cite_note-373">[365]</a><a href="#cite_note-374">[366]</a> Traditional forms such as <a href="/wiki/Syair" title="Syair">syair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pantun" title="Pantun">pantun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hikayat" title="Hikayat">hikayat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Babad" class="mw-redirect" title="Babad">babad</a> dominate early prose and poetry, with notable works such as <a href="/wiki/Syair_Abdul_Muluk" title="Syair Abdul Muluk">Syair Abdul Muluk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hikayat_Hang_Tuah" title="Hikayat Hang Tuah">Hikayat Hang Tuah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulalatus_Salatin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulalatus Salatin">Sulalatus Salatin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Babad_Tanah_Jawi" title="Babad Tanah Jawi">Babad Tanah Jawi</a>. The establishment of <a href="/wiki/Balai_Pustaka" title="Balai Pustaka">Balai Pustaka</a> in 1917 marked a push to develop indigenous literature, leading to a literary Golden Age in the 1950s and 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-literary-375">[367]</a> Influenced by the dynamics of the country's political and social landscape,<a href="#cite_note-literary-375">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-376">[368]</a> modern literature includes works from notable figures like <a href="/wiki/Chairil_Anwar" title="Chairil Anwar">Chairil Anwar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pramoedya_Ananta_Toer" title="Pramoedya Ananta Toer">Pramoedya Ananta Toer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ayu_Utami" title="Ayu Utami">Ayu Utami</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasi_ramas_rendang.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Nasi_ramas_rendang.JPG/220px-Nasi_ramas_rendang.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Nasi_ramas_rendang.JPG/330px-Nasi_ramas_rendang.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Nasi_ramas_rendang.JPG/440px-Nasi_ramas_rendang.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2635" data-file-height="1976" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nasi_Padang" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasi Padang">Nasi Padang</a> with <a href="/wiki/Rendang" title="Rendang">rendang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulai" title="Gulai">gulai</a>, and vegetables</figcaption></figure> Indonesian cuisine has many regional cuisines, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences such as Chinese, African, European, Middle Eastern, and Indian precedents.<a href="#cite_note-377">[369]</a> Rice is the leading <a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staple food</a> and is served with <a href="/wiki/Side_dish" title="Side dish">side dishes</a> of meat and vegetables. Spices (notably chili), <a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk" title="Coconut milk">coconut milk</a>, fish, and chicken are fundamental ingredients.<a href="#cite_note-378">[370]</a> Some popular dishes such as <a href="/wiki/Nasi_goreng" title="Nasi goreng">nasi goreng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gado-gado" title="Gado-gado">gado-gado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satay" title="Satay">sate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Soto_(food)" title="Soto (food)">soto</a> are ubiquitous and considered national dishes. The Ministry of Tourism, however, chose <a href="/wiki/Tumpeng" title="Tumpeng">tumpeng</a> as the official national dish in 2014, describing it as binding the diversity of various culinary traditions.<a href="#cite_note-379">[371]</a> Other popular dishes include <a href="/wiki/Rendang" title="Rendang">rendang</a>, one of the many <a href="/wiki/Padang_cuisine" title="Padang cuisine">Minangkabau cuisines</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Dendeng" title="Dendeng">dendeng</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gulai" title="Gulai">gulai</a>. Another fermented food is <a href="/wiki/Oncom" title="Oncom">oncom</a>, similar in some ways to <a href="/wiki/Tempeh" title="Tempeh">tempeh</a> but uses a variety of bases (not only soy), created by different fungi, and is prevalent in <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a>.<a href="#cite_note-380">[372]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Indonesia" title="Sport in Indonesia">Sport in Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_martial_arts" title="Indonesian martial arts">Indonesian martial arts</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pencak_Silat_Betawi_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Pencak_Silat_Betawi_1.jpg/170px-Pencak_Silat_Betawi_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Pencak_Silat_Betawi_1.jpg/255px-Pencak_Silat_Betawi_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Pencak_Silat_Betawi_1.jpg/340px-Pencak_Silat_Betawi_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1176" data-file-height="1626" /></a><figcaption>A demonstration of <a href="/wiki/Pencak_silat" title="Pencak silat">pencak silat</a>, a form of martial arts</figcaption></figure>Badminton and <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> are the most popular sports in Indonesia. Indonesia is among the few countries that have won the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cup" title="Thomas Cup">Thomas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uber_Cup" title="Uber Cup">Uber Cup</a>, the world team championship of men's and women's badminton. Along with <a href="/wiki/Olympic_weightlifting" title="Olympic weightlifting">weightlifting</a>, it is the sport that contributes the most to <a href="/wiki/Indonesia_at_the_Olympics" title="Indonesia at the Olympics">Indonesia's Olympic medal tally</a>. <a href="/wiki/Liga_1_(Indonesia)" title="Liga 1 (Indonesia)">Liga 1</a> is the country's premier football club league. On the international stage, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia_national_football_team" title="Indonesia national football team">Indonesia</a> was the first Asian team to participate in the <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a> in <a href="/wiki/1938_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1938 FIFA World Cup">1938</a> as the Dutch East Indies.<a href="#cite_note-381">[373]</a> On a regional level, Indonesia won a bronze medal at the <a href="/wiki/1958_Asian_Games" title="1958 Asian Games">1958 Asian Games</a> as well as three gold medals at the <a href="/wiki/1987_Southeast_Asian_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="1987 Southeast Asian Games">1987</a>, <a href="/wiki/1991_Southeast_Asian_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Southeast Asian Games">1991</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2023_Southeast_Asian_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Southeast Asian Games">2023 Southeast Asian Games</a> (SEA Games). Indonesia's first appearance at the <a href="/wiki/AFC_Asian_Cup" title="AFC Asian Cup">AFC Asian Cup</a> was in <a href="/wiki/1996_AFC_Asian_Cup" title="1996 AFC Asian Cup">1996</a>.<a href="#cite_note-382">[374]</a> Other popular sports include <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a> and basketball, which were part of the first <a href="/wiki/National_Sports_Week_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Sports Week (Indonesia)">National Games</a> (Pekan Olahraga Nasional, PON) in 1948.<a href="#cite_note-383">[375]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sepak_takraw" title="Sepak takraw">Sepak takraw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karapan_sapi" title="Karapan sapi">karapan sapi</a> (bull racing) in <a href="/wiki/Madura_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Madura Island">Madura</a> are some examples of Indonesia's traditional sports. In areas with a history of tribal warfare, mock fighting contests are held, such as caci in <a href="/wiki/Flores" title="Flores">Flores</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pasola" title="Pasola">pasola</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sumba" title="Sumba">Sumba</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pencak_silat" title="Pencak silat">Pencak silat</a> is an Indonesian martial art that, in 2018, became one of the sporting events in the Asian Games, with Indonesia appearing as one of the leading competitors. In Southeast Asia, Indonesia topped the SEA Games medal table ten times since 1977,<a href="#cite_note-384">[376]</a> most recently in <a href="/wiki/2011_Southeast_Asian_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Southeast Asian Games">2011</a>.<a href="#cite_note-385">[377]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Indonesia" title="Portal:Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/19px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/29px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/38px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:P_countries-vector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/21px-P_countries-vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/32px-P_countries-vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/42px-P_countries-vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Countries" title="Portal:Countries">Countries</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesia-related_topics" title="List of Indonesia-related topics">List of Indonesia-related topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Indonesia-related_articles" title="Index of Indonesia-related articles">Index of Indonesia-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Indonesia" title="Outline of Indonesia">Outline of Indonesia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Excludes dialects and subdialects. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> According 2023 data. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌɪndəˈniːziə, -ʒə/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">IN-də-NEE-zee-ə, -⁠zhə</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌɪndəˈniːʒə, -ʃə/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/93\/En-us-Indonesia.ogg\/En-us-Indonesia.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Indonesia.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/En-us-Indonesia.ogg/En-us-Indonesia.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Indonesia.ogg" title="File:En-us-Indonesia.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">IN-də-NEE-zhə, -⁠shə</a>;<a href="#cite_note-11">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">Indonesian pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:IPA/Malay">[ɪndoˈnesia]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-fn1-14"><a href="#cite_ref-fn1_14-0">^</a> Republik Indonesia (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:IPA/Malay">[reˈpublik ɪndoˈnesia]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b8\/Id-Indonesia.ogg\/Id-Indonesia.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Id-Indonesia.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/Id-Indonesia.ogg/Id-Indonesia.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Id-Indonesia.ogg" title="File:Id-Indonesia.ogg">ⓘ</a>) is the most-used official name, though the name <a href="/wiki/Names_of_Indonesia" title="Names of Indonesia">Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia</a> (Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, NKRI) also appears in some official documents. </li> <li id="cite_note-fn2-165"><a href="#cite_ref-fn2_165-0">^</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation</a>, Indonesia withdrew from the UN due to the latter's election to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>, although it returned 18 months later. It marked the first time in UN history that a member state had attempted a withdrawal.<a href="#cite_note-164">[160]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> Small but significant populations of <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">ethnic Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Non-resident_Indian_and_person_of_Indian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin">Indians</a>, Europeans and Arabs are concentrated mostly in urban areas. </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> Due to significant contact with other languages, it is rich in local and foreign influences, which include Javanese, Sundanese, Minangkabau, Makassarese, Sanskrit, Chinese, Arabic, Dutch, Portuguese and English.<a href="#cite_note-262">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[258]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> The rest consists of the <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Shia Islam in Indonesia">Shias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Indonesia" title="Ahmadiyya in Indonesia">Ahmadis</a>, who form 1% (1–3 million) and 0.2% (200,000–400,000) of the Muslim population.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-275">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[273]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://petabahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/">"Bahasa dan Peta Bahasa"</a>. 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Greenwood Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demografi.bps.go.id/phpFileTree/bahan/kumpulan_tugas_mobilitas_pak_chotib/Kelompok_1/Referensi/Jill_Forshee_Culture_and_Customs_of_Indonesia_Culture_and_Customs_of_Asia__2006.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 10 October 2017. 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MIT Global Shakespeares. 8 March 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20250127020452/https://web.archive.org/web/20160316100101/http://globalshakespeares.mit.edu/glossary/randai/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2025. Retrieved 18 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Randai+%28Indonesian+folk+theater+form%2C+uses+silat%29&rft.pub=MIT+Global+Shakespeares&rft.date=2011-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobalshakespeares.mit.edu%2Fglossary%2Frandai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatley2017" class="citation web cs1">Hatley, Barbara (13 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insideindonesia.org/review-indonesian-post-colonial-theatre">"Review: Indonesian post-colonial theatre"</a>. 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Melbourne: Singapore : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-1761-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-1761-5"><bdi>978-0-7425-1761-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indonesia+Today%3A+Challenges+of+History&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Singapore+%3A+Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-1761-5&rft.aulast=Shannon+L.&rft.aufirst=Smith&rft.au=Lloyd+Grayson+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-frd2011-367">^ <a href="#cite_ref-frd2011_367-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-frd2011_367-1">b</a> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederickWorden2011" class="citation book cs1">Frederick, William H.; Worden, Robert L., eds. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2011038834">Indonesia: A country study</a> (6th ed.). Library of Congress, Federal Research Division. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8444-0790-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8444-0790-6"><bdi>978-0-8444-0790-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221209105017/https://lccn.loc.gov/2011038834">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indonesia%3A+A+country+study&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress%2C+Federal+Research+Division&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8444-0790-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flccn.loc.gov%2F2011038834&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-368"><a href="#cite_ref-368">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennifer_Yang2010" class="citation journal cs1">Jennifer Yang, Hui (12 January 2010). "The Internet in Indonesia: Development and Impact of Radical Websites". Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 33 (2). 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The Jakarta Post. 19 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20250121033201/https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2019/05/18/indonesia-has-171-million-internet-users-study.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2025. Retrieved 26 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indonesia+has+171+million+internet+users%3A+Study&rft.pub=The+Jakarta+Post&rft.date=2019-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Flife%2F2019%2F05%2F18%2Findonesia-has-171-million-internet-users-study.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-370"><a href="#cite_ref-370">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAi_Lei_Tao2016" class="citation web cs1">Ai Lei Tao (25 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerweekly.com/news/450288410/Indonesian-internet-users-turn-to-smartphones-to-go-online">"Indonesian internet users turn to smartphones to go online"</a>. Computer Weekly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20250121033301/https://www.computerweekly.com/news/450288410/Indonesian-internet-users-turn-to-smartphones-to-go-online">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2025. Retrieved 10 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indonesian+internet+users+turn+to+smartphones+to+go+online&rft.pub=Computer+Weekly&rft.date=2016-04-25&rft.au=Ai+Lei+Tao&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerweekly.com%2Fnews%2F450288410%2FIndonesian-internet-users-turn-to-smartphones-to-go-online&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-371"><a href="#cite_ref-371">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTempler1999" class="citation web cs1">Templer, Robert (20 June 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/pramoedya">"Pramoedya"</a>. Prospect. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20250121033334/https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/essays/55912/pramoedya">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2025. Retrieved 29 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pramoedya&rft.pub=Prospect&rft.date=1999-06-20&rft.aulast=Templer&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prospectmagazine.co.uk%2Fmagazine%2Fpramoedya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-372"><a href="#cite_ref-372">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCzermakDelangheWeng" class="citation web cs1">Czermak, Karin; Delanghe, Philippe; Weng, Wei. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.org/asia/ldc/parallel_papers/unesco_jakarta.pdf">"Preserving intangible cultural heritage in Indonesia"</a> (PDF). SIL International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070709194435/http://www.sil.org/asia/ldc/parallel_papers/unesco_jakarta.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 July 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Preserving+intangible+cultural+heritage+in+Indonesia&rft.pub=SIL+International&rft.aulast=Czermak&rft.aufirst=Karin&rft.au=Delanghe%2C+Philippe&rft.au=Weng%2C+Wei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sil.org%2Fasia%2Fldc%2Fparallel_papers%2Funesco_jakarta.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-373"><a href="#cite_ref-373">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoy_Freidus1977" class="citation book cs1">Joy Freidus, Alberta (1977). Sumatran Contributions to the Development of Indonesian Literature, 1920–1942. Asian Studies Program, University of Hawaii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sumatran+Contributions+to+the+Development+of+Indonesian+Literature%2C+1920%E2%80%931942&rft.pub=Asian+Studies+Program%2C+University+of+Hawaii&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Joy+Freidus&rft.aufirst=Alberta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-374"><a href="#cite_ref-374">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeong_Chee_Tham1981" class="citation book cs1">Seong Chee Tham (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h6SOvP6FLskC&pg=PA99">Essays on Literature and Society in Southeast Asia: Political and Sociological Perspectives</a>. Kent Ridge, Singapore: Singapore University Press. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-036-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-9971-69-036-6"><bdi>978-9971-69-036-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essays+on+Literature+and+Society+in+Southeast+Asia%3A+Political+and+Sociological+Perspectives&rft.place=Kent+Ridge%2C+Singapore&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Singapore+University+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-9971-69-036-6&rft.au=Seong+Chee+Tham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh6SOvP6FLskC%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-literary-375">^ <a href="#cite_ref-literary_375-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-literary_375-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoediman2015" class="citation web cs1">Boediman, Manneke (14 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jakartaglobe.id/lifestyle/introduction-literature-indonesia-2015-frankfurt-book-fairs-guest-honor/">"An Introduction to the Literature of Indonesia, 2015 Frankfurt Book Fair's Guest of Honor"</a>. Jakarta Globe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20250121033506/https://jakartaglobe.id/lifestyle/introduction-literature-indonesia-2015-frankfurt-book-fairs-guest-honor">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2025. Retrieved 26 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jakarta+Globe&rft.atitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Literature+of+Indonesia%2C+2015+Frankfurt+Book+Fair%27s+Guest+of+Honor&rft.date=2015-10-14&rft.aulast=Boediman&rft.aufirst=Manneke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjakartaglobe.id%2Flifestyle%2Fintroduction-literature-indonesia-2015-frankfurt-book-fairs-guest-honor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-376"><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoughty2016" class="citation web cs1">Doughty, Louis (28 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/may/28/why-isnt-more-indonesia-literature-translated-english">"'17,000 islands of imagination': discovering Indonesian literature"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20160607210947/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/may/28/why-isnt-more-indonesia-literature-translated-english">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%2717%2C000+islands+of+imagination%27%3A+discovering+Indonesian+literature&rft.date=2016-05-28&rft.aulast=Doughty&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2016%2Fmay%2F28%2Fwhy-isnt-more-indonesia-literature-translated-english&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-377"><a href="#cite_ref-377">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitton2002" class="citation book cs1">Witton, Patrick (2002). World Food: Indonesia. Melbourne: <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-009-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-009-9"><bdi>978-1-74059-009-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Food%3A+Indonesia&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-74059-009-9&rft.aulast=Witton&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-378"><a href="#cite_ref-378">^</a> Compared to the infused flavors of <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese food">Vietnamese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thai_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai food">Thai food</a>, flavors in Indonesia are kept relatively separate, simple and substantial.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrissendon2003" class="citation book cs1">Brissendon, Rosemary (2003). 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The Jakarta Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20250121033855/https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213059/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/02/10/celebratory-rice-cone-dish-represent-archipelago.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2025. Retrieved 14 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jakarta+Post&rft.atitle=Celebratory+rice+cone+dish+to+represent+the+archipelago&rft.date=2014-02-10&rft.aulast=Natahadibrata&rft.aufirst=Nadya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2014%2F02%2F10%2Fcelebratory-rice-cone-dish-represent-archipelago.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-380"><a href="#cite_ref-380">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSastraatmadja2002" class="citation journal cs1">Sastraatmadja, D. 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Asian Studies Review. 3 (42): 479–497. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10357823.2018.1473335">10.1080/10357823.2018.1473335</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:150302264">150302264</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Studies+Review&rft.atitle=Explaining+the+2016+Islamist+mobilisation+in+Indonesia%3A+Religious+intolerance%2C+militant+groups+and+the+politics+of+accommodation&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=42&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E479-%3C%2Fspan%3E497&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10357823.2018.1473335&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A150302264%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mietzner&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft.au=Muhtadi%2C+Burhanuddin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F326286879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRicklefs1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Merle_Ricklefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Merle Ricklefs">Ricklefs, Merle Calvin</a> (1991). A history of modern Indonesia since c. 1300 (2nd ed.). Basingstoke; Stanford, CA: Palgrave; Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-57690-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-57690-X"><bdi>0-333-57690-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+modern+Indonesia+since+c.+1300&rft.place=Basingstoke%3B+Stanford%2C+CA&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Palgrave%3B+Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-333-57690-X&rft.aulast=Ricklefs&rft.aufirst=Merle+Calvin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRicklefs2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Merle_Ricklefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Merle Ricklefs">Ricklefs, Merle Calvin</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0GrWCmZoEBMC">A history of modern Indonesia since c. 1200</a> (3rd ed.). Basingstoke; Stanford, CA: Palgrave; Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-4480-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-4480-5"><bdi>978-0-8047-4480-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+modern+Indonesia+since+c.+1200&rft.place=Basingstoke%3B+Stanford%2C+CA&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Palgrave%3B+Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-4480-5&rft.aulast=Ricklefs&rft.aufirst=Merle+Calvin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0GrWCmZoEBMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2018" class="citation book cs1">Robinson, Geoffrey B. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.princeton.edu/titles/11135.html">The Killing Season: A History of the Indonesian Massacres, 1965–66</a>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-8886-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-8886-3"><bdi>978-1-4008-8886-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Killing+Season%3A+A+History+of+the+Indonesian+Massacres%2C+1965%E2%80%9366&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-8886-3&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.princeton.edu%2Ftitles%2F11135.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwarz1994" class="citation book cs1">Schwarz, A. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nationinwaitingi00schw">A Nation in Waiting: Indonesia in the 1990s</a>. Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86373-635-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-86373-635-2"><bdi>1-86373-635-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Nation+in+Waiting%3A+Indonesia+in+the+1990s&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-86373-635-2&rft.aulast=Schwarz&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnationinwaitingi00schw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2003" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Jean Gelman (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indonesia00jean">Indonesia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09709-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09709-2"><bdi>978-0-300-09709-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indonesia&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-300-09709-2&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Jean+Gelman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findonesia00jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_G.Taylor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John G.Taylor (page does not exist)">Taylor, John G.</a> (1999). East Timor: the price of Freedom. Zed Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=East+Timor%3A+the+price+of+Freedom&rft.pub=Zed+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=John+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVickers2005" class="citation book cs1">Vickers, Adrian (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderni00adri">A History of Modern Indonesia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-54262-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-54262-6"><bdi>0-521-54262-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Indonesia&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-521-54262-6&rft.aulast=Vickers&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofmoderni00adri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittenSoeriaatmadjaSuraya1996" class="citation book cs1">Whitten, T.; Soeriaatmadja, R. E.; Suraya, A. A. (1996). The Ecology of Java and Bali. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ecology+of+Java+and+Bali&rft.place=Hong+Kong&rft.pub=Periplus+Editions&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Whitten&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.au=Soeriaatmadja%2C+R.+E.&rft.au=Suraya%2C+A.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Winters, Jeffrey A. "Oligarchy and democracy in Indonesia." in Beyond Oligarchy (Cornell UP, 2014) pp. 11–34. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/54621/INDO_96_0_1381338354_11_34.pdf?sequence=1">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023093720/https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/54621/INDO_96_0_1381338354_11_34.pdf?sequence=1">Archived</a> 2020-10-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitton2003" class="citation book cs1">Witton, Patrick (2003). Indonesia. Melbourne: Lonely Planet. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-154-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-154-6"><bdi>978-1-74059-154-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indonesia&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-74059-154-6&rft.aulast=Witton&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndonesia" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Indonesia at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Indonesia" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Indonesia">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" 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data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Indonesia" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Indonesia">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pinyin/Indonesia" class="extiw" title="b:Pinyin/Indonesia">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Indonesia" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Indonesia">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Indonesia" class="extiw" title="voy:Indonesia">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252" class="extiw" title="d:Q252">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/indonesia/">Indonesia</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-14921238">Indonesia</a> from <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=ID">Key Development Forecasts for Indonesia</a> from <a href="/wiki/International_Futures" title="International Futures">International Futures</a></li></ul> Government <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.setneg.go.id/">Minister of The State Secretary</a> (in Indonesian)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bps.go.id/">Statistics Indonesia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/ID.html">Chief of State and Cabinet Members</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141012020339/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/ID.html">Archived</a> 2014-10-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> General information <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090426085755/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/indonesia.htm">Indonesia</a> UCB Libraries GovPubs</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/286480/Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Indonesia" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Indonesia">Wikimedia Atlas of Indonesia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/304751">Indonesia</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indonesia.travel/">Official site of Indonesian Tourism</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indonesia_articles667" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indonesia_topics" title="Template:Indonesia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indonesia_topics" title="Template talk:Indonesia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indonesia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indonesia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indonesia_articles667" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indonesia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Indonesia-related_articles" title="Index of Indonesia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indonesia" title="History of Indonesia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Indonesian_history" title="Timeline of Indonesian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Indonesia" title="Prehistoric Indonesia">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indonesia#Hindu-Buddhist_civilizations" title="History of Indonesia">Hindu-Buddhist era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Spread of Islam in Indonesia">Spread of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire_in_the_Indonesian_Archipelago" title="Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago">Portuguese era</a> (1512–1605)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Company rule in the Dutch East Indies">VOC era</a> (1603–1800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_British_interregnum_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="French and British interregnum in the Dutch East Indies">French and British era</a> (1806–1816)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> (1800–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Japanese occupation</a> (1942–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">National Revolution</a> (1945–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy_period_in_Indonesia" title="Liberal democracy period in Indonesia">Liberal democracy era</a> (1950–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_Democracy_in_Indonesia" title="Guided Democracy in Indonesia">Guided Democracy era</a> (1959–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">Transitional era</a> (1965–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Indonesia)" title="New Order (Indonesia)">New Order</a> (1966–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Suharto_era_in_Indonesia" title="Post-Suharto era in Indonesia">Reformasi</a> (since 1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Indonesia" title="Geography of Indonesia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Borders_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Borders of Indonesia">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Indonesia" title="Climate of Indonesia">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Indonesia" title="Climate change in Indonesia">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Indonesia" title="Conservation in Indonesia">Conservation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biosphere_reserves_of_Indonesia" title="List of biosphere reserves of Indonesia">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Indonesia" title="List of national parks of Indonesia">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Indonesia" title="Deforestation in Indonesia">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Indonesia" title="List of earthquakes in Indonesia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Indonesia" title="Environmental issues in Indonesia">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Indonesia" title="Geology of Indonesia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Indonesia" title="List of islands of Indonesia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Indonesia" title="List of lakes of Indonesia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Mountains of Indonesia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_provinces_by_highest_point" title="List of Indonesian provinces by highest point">Provincial highest points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_history_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Natural history of Indonesia">Natural history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Indonesia" title="Fauna of Indonesia">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Indonesia" title="Flora of Indonesia">Flora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Indonesia" title="Regions of Indonesia">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Indonesia" title="List of rivers of Indonesia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Indonesia" title="List of volcanoes in Indonesia">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Indonesia" title="Politics of Indonesia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Indonesia" title="Subdivisions of Indonesia">Administrative divisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Administrative divisions of the Dutch East Indies">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Provinces of Indonesia">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regencies_and_cities_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regencies and cities of Indonesia">Regencies and cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Indonesia" title="Districts of Indonesia">Districts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Indonesia" title="Cabinet of Indonesia">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Indonesia" title="Constitution of Indonesia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Indonesia" title="Elections in Indonesia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Indonesia" title="Foreign relations of Indonesia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Indonesia" title="Human rights in Indonesia">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Indonesia" title="Law of Indonesia">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Indonesia" title="Censorship in Indonesia">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Indonesia" title="Law enforcement in Indonesia">Enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Indonesian National Armed Forces">Military</a> (<a href="/wiki/Babinsa" title="Babinsa">Babinsa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Indonesia" title="Capital of Indonesia">National capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancasila_(politics)" title="Pancasila (politics)">Pancasila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Consultative_Assembly" title="People's Consultative Assembly">People's Consultative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Police" title="Indonesian National Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Indonesia" title="List of political parties in Indonesia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia" title="President of Indonesia">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Indonesia" title="List of presidents of Indonesia">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wawasan_Nusantara" title="Wawasan Nusantara">Wawasan Nusantara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia" title="Economy of Indonesia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Indonesia" title="Agriculture in Indonesia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia" title="Automotive industry in Indonesia">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_Indonesia" title="Aviation in Indonesia">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Indonesia" title="List of banks in Indonesia">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Indonesia" title="Energy in Indonesia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Indonesia" title="Economic history of Indonesia">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Indonesia" title="Science and technology in Indonesia">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Stock_Exchange" title="Indonesia Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Indonesia" title="Communications in Indonesia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Indonesia" title="Tourism in Indonesia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Indonesia" title="Transport in Indonesia">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Indonesia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Indonesia">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Society of Indonesia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion in Indonesia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Indonesia" title="Crime in Indonesia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Indonesia" title="Human trafficking in Indonesia">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_Indonesia" title="Piracy in Indonesia">Piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Indonesia" title="Prostitution in Indonesia">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Indonesia" title="Smoking in Indonesia">Smoking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia" title="Culture of Indonesia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Indonesia" title="Architecture of Indonesia">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candi_of_Indonesia" title="Candi of Indonesia">Candi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_architecture_of_Indonesia" title="Colonial architecture of Indonesia">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque_architecture_in_Indonesia" title="Mosque architecture in Indonesia">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumah_adat" title="Rumah adat">Rumah adat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_art" title="Indonesian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batik_in_Indonesia" title="Batik in Indonesia">Batik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Indonesia" title="Cinema of Indonesia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia" title="National costume of Indonesia">Costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Indonesia" title="Dance in Indonesia">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Indonesia" title="List of festivals in Indonesia">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Indonesia" title="Folklore of Indonesia">Legends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_literature" title="Indonesian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_martial_arts" title="Indonesian martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Indonesia" title="Mass media in Indonesia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia" title="Music of Indonesia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Indonesia" title="Mythology of Indonesia">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Hero_of_Indonesia" title="National Hero of Indonesia">National heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_painting" title="Indonesian painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_properties_of_Indonesia" title="Cultural properties of Indonesia">Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Indonesia" title="Public holidays in Indonesia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Indonesia" title="Sport in Indonesia">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Indonesia" title="Theatre of Indonesia">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Indonesia" title="Video games in Indonesia">Video games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Indonesia" title="Demographics of Indonesia">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Indonesia" title="Education in Indonesia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Indonesia" title="Ethnic groups in Indonesia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Indonesia" title="Health in Indonesia">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Indonesia" title="Healthcare in Indonesia">Healthcare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Indonesia" title="Homelessness in Indonesia">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Languages of Indonesia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Religion in Indonesia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Indonesia" title="Refugees in Indonesia">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Indonesia" title="Women in Indonesia">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Indonesia">LGBT rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Indonesia" title="National symbols of Indonesia">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Raya" title="Indonesia Raya">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia" title="National costume of Indonesia">Costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_emblem_of_Indonesia" title="National emblem of Indonesia">Emblem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Indonesia#Historical" title="Armorial of Indonesia">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Indonesia#Provincial" title="Armorial of Indonesia">Subdivision</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_faunal_emblems" title="List of Indonesian faunal emblems">Faunal emblems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Indonesia" title="Flag of Indonesia">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_flags#Provincial" title="List of Indonesian flags">Subdivision</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_floral_emblems" title="List of Indonesian floral emblems">Floral emblems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhinneka_Tunggal_Ika" title="Bhinneka Tunggal Ika">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(archipelago)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nusantara (archipelago)">Nusantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibu_Pertiwi" title="Ibu Pertiwi">Personification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indonesian_songs" title="Category:Indonesian songs">Songs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Indonesia" title="Outline of Indonesia">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Indonesia-related_articles" title="Index of Indonesia-related articles">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indonesia" title="Category:Indonesia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indonesia" title="Portal:Indonesia">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" class="extiw" title="commons:Indonesia">Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Indonesia" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Indonesia">Atlas</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_relating_to_Indonesia97" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_relating_to_Indonesia97" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles relating to Indonesia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Indonesia&#124;link=Indonesia_Government_of_Indonesia837" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Government_of_Indonesia" title="Template:Government of Indonesia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Government_of_Indonesia" title="Template talk:Government of Indonesia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Government_of_Indonesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Government of Indonesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Indonesia&#124;link=Indonesia_Government_of_Indonesia837" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Indonesia" title="Government of Indonesia">Government of Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive Branch</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elected officials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Indonesia" title="President of Indonesia">President of Indonesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Indonesia" title="List of presidents of Indonesia">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Indonesia" title="Vice President of Indonesia">Vice President of Indonesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_Indonesia" title="List of vice presidents of Indonesia">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Indonesia" title="Cabinet of Indonesia">Cabinet</a> <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Indonesia#List_of_Indonesian_Cabinets" title="Cabinet of Indonesia">(List)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Government_ministries_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Government ministries of Indonesia">Ministries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Ministry_for_Political_and_Security_Affairs" title="Coordinating Ministry for Political and Security Affairs">Coordinating Minister for Political and Security Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Ministry_for_Legal,_Human_Rights,_Immigration,_and_Correction" title="Coordinating Ministry for Legal, Human Rights, Immigration, and Correction">Coordinating Minister for Legal, Human Rights, Immigration, and Correction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Ministry_for_Economic_Affairs" title="Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs">Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Ministry_for_Infrastructure_and_Regional_Development" title="Coordinating Ministry for Infrastructure and Regional Development">Coordinating Minister for Infrastructure and Regional Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Ministry_for_Human_Development_and_Cultural_Affairs" title="Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and Cultural Affairs">Coordinating Minister for Human Development and Cultural Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Ministry_for_Social_Empowerment" title="Coordinating Ministry for Social Empowerment">Coordinating Minister for Social Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Ministry_for_Food_Affairs" title="Coordinating Ministry for Food Affairs">Coordinating Minister for Food Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agrarian_Affairs_and_Spatial_Planning" title="Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning">Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Agriculture (Indonesia)">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Cultural_Affairs_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Cultural Affairs (Indonesia)">Cultural Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communication_and_Digital_Affairs" title="Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs">Communication and Digital Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Cooperatives_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Cooperatives (Indonesia)">Cooperatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Creative_Economy_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Creative Economy (Indonesia)">Creative Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Defense (Indonesia)">Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_and_Mineral_Resources" title="Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources">Energy and Mineral Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Environment (Indonesia)">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Finance (Indonesia)">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Indonesia)">Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Forestry_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Forestry (Indonesia)">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Higher_Education,_Science,_and_Technology_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology (Indonesia)">Higher Education, Science, and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Human_Rights_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Human Rights (Indonesia)">Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Health (Indonesia)">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (Indonesia)">Home Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Residential_Area" title="Ministry of Housing and Residential Area">Housing and Residential Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Immigration_and_Correction" title="Ministry of Immigration and Correction">Immigration and Correction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Indonesian_Migrant_Workers_Protection" title="Ministry of Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection">Migrant Workers Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Industry_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Industry (Indonesia)">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Investment_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Investment (Indonesia)">Investment and Downstreaming Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Law (Indonesia)">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Manpower_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Manpower (Indonesia)">Manpower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Marine_Affairs_and_Fisheries" title="Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries">Marine Affairs and Fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Micro,_Small,_and_Medium_Enterprises_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (Indonesia)">Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Development_Planning_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of National Development Planning of Indonesia">National Development Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Works_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Public Works (Indonesia)">Public Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Population_and_Family_Planning_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="National Population and Family Planning Board">Population and Family Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Primary_and_Secondary_Education" title="Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education">Primary and Secondary Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Religious_Affairs_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)">Religious Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Social Affairs (Indonesia)">Social Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Secretariat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of State Secretariat">State Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Apparatus_Utilization_and_Bureaucratic_Reform" title="Ministry of State Apparatus Utilization and Bureaucratic Reform">State Apparatus Utilization and Bureaucratic Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State-Owned_Enterprises" title="Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises">State-Owned Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tourism_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Tourism (Indonesia)">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Trade_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Trade (Indonesia)">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transportation_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Transportation (Indonesia)">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transmigration" title="Ministry of Transmigration">Transmigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Villages_and_Development_of_Disadvantaged_Regions" title="Ministry of Villages and Development of Disadvantaged Regions">Villages and Development of Disadvantaged Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Women_Empowerment_and_Child_Protection" title="Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection">Women Empowerment and Child Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Youth_and_Sports_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Youth and Sports (Indonesia)">Youth and Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-Ministerial Government Agency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General%27s_Office_of_Indonesia" title="Attorney General's Office of Indonesia">Attorney General's Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Maritime_Security_Agency" title="Indonesian Maritime Security Agency">Maritime Security Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Agency_for_Disaster_Countermeasure" title="National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure">National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Indonesian National Armed Forces">National Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Counter_Terrorism_Agency" title="National Counter Terrorism Agency">National Counter Terrorism Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cyber_and_Crypto_Agency" title="National Cyber and Crypto Agency">National Cyber and Crypto Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Land_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Land Agency (page does not exist)">National Land Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Narcotics_Board_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Narcotics Board (Indonesia)">National Narcotics Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Police" title="Indonesian National Police">National Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Resilience_Institute" title="National Resilience Institute">National Resilience Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Search_and_Rescue_Agency" title="National Search and Rescue Agency">National Search and Rescue Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_State_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian State Intelligence Agency">State Intelligence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Quarantine_Agency" title="Indonesian Quarantine Agency">Quarantine Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Indonesia" title="Bank Indonesia">Bank Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Finance_and_Development_Supervisory_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finance and Development Supervisory Agency (page does not exist)">Finance and Development Supervisory Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_Goods_and_Services_Procurement_Policy_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government Goods and Services Procurement Policy Institute (page does not exist)">Government Goods and Services Procurement Policy Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_Coordinating_Board" title="Investment Coordinating Board">Investment Coordinating Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj_Organizing_Agency" title="Hajj Organizing Agency">Hajj Organizing Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indonesian_Migrant_Workers_Protection_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Agency (page does not exist)">Migrant Workers Protection Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Population_and_Family_Planning_Board_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Population and Family Planning Board (Indonesia)">National Population and Family Planning Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_Indonesia" title="Statistics Indonesia">Statistics Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Food_and_Drug_Authority" title="Indonesian Food and Drug Authority">Food and Drug Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halal_Product_Assurance_Organizing_Agency" title="Halal Product Assurance Organizing Agency">Halal Product Assurance Organizing Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Environment (Indonesia)">Environment Control Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geospatial_Information_Agency" title="Geospatial Information Agency">Geospatial Information Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteorology,_Climatology,_and_Geophysical_Agency" title="Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency">Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_of_Indonesia" title="National Archives of Indonesia">National Archives of Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Development_Planning_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="National Development Planning Agency">National Development Planning Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Food_Agency" title="National Food Agency">National Food Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Indonesia" title="National Library of Indonesia">National Library of Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Nutrition_Agency" title="National Nutrition Agency">National Nutrition Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_and_Innovation_Agency_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Research and Innovation Agency (Indonesia)">National Research and Innovation Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badan_Standardisasi_Nasional" class="mw-redirect" title="Badan Standardisasi Nasional">National Standardization Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badan_Pengawas_Tenaga_Nuklir" class="mw-redirect" title="Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir">Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Creative_Economy_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Creative Economy (Indonesia)">Creative Economy Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Administration_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Administration Institute (page does not exist)">National Administration Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Civil_Service_Agency_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Civil Service Agency (Indonesia)">National Civil Service Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Republik_Indonesia" title="Radio Republik Indonesia">Radio of the Republic of Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVRI" title="TVRI">Television of the Republic of Indonesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Provinces of Indonesia">Governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indonesian_governors" title="List of current Indonesian governors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regencies_and_cities_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regencies and cities of Indonesia">Regent or Mayor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg/100px-National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg/150px-National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg/200px-National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="550" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative Branch</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Consultative_Assembly" title="People's Consultative Assembly">People's Consultative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Indonesia)" title="House of Representatives (Indonesia)">House of Representatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_current_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_(Indonesia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of current members of the House of Representatives (Indonesia) (page does not exist)">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Representative_Council" title="Regional Representative Council">Regional Representative Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Regional_Representative_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current members of the Regional Representative Council">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_House_of_Representatives" title="Regional House of Representatives">Regional House of Representatives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Indonesia" title="Judiciary of Indonesia">Judicial Branch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Indonesia" title="Supreme Court of Indonesia">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Indonesia" title="Constitutional Court of Indonesia">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_Commission_of_Indonesia" title="Judicial Commission of Indonesia">Judicial Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/List_of_central_government_agencies_in_Indonesia" title="List of central government agencies in Indonesia">Government Agencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audit_Board_of_Indonesia" title="Audit Board of Indonesia">Audit Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Indonesia" title="Executive Office of the President of the Republic of Indonesia">Executive Office of the President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Economics_Council" title="National Economics Council">National Economics Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusantara_Capital_City_Authority" title="Nusantara Capital City Authority">Nusantara Capital City Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Communication_Office_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Communication Office (Indonesia)">Presidential Communication Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Prosecution_Service_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Prosecution Service (Indonesia)">Public Prosecution Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Indonesia" title="Portal:Indonesia">Indonesia portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Indonesia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Indonesia">WikiProject</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Government_of_Indonesia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Government of Indonesia">Commons</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Government_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Government of Indonesia">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provinces_of_Indonesia764" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Template:Provinces of Indonesia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Template talk:Provinces of Indonesia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces of Indonesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provinces_of_Indonesia764" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Provinces of Indonesia">Provinces of Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Indonesia" title="Capital of Indonesia">Capital</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> (current) • <a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(city)" title="Nusantara (city)">Nusantara</a> (under construction)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_Belitung_Islands" title="Bangka Belitung Islands">Bangka Belitung Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengkulu" title="Bengkulu">Bengkulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambi" title="Jambi">Jambi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung" title="Lampung">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sumatra" title="North Sumatra">North Sumatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riau" title="Riau">Riau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riau_Islands" title="Riau Islands">Riau Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sumatra" title="South Sumatra">South Sumatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Sumatra" title="West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Garuda Pancasila" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg/60px-National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg/90px-National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg/120px-National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="550" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banten" title="Banten">Banten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Java" title="East Java">East Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Special Region of Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Region_of_Yogyakarta" title="Special Region of Yogyakarta">Special Region of Yogyakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Kalimantan" title="Central Kalimantan">Central Kalimantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Kalimantan" title="East Kalimantan">East Kalimantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Kalimantan" title="North Kalimantan">North Kalimantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Kalimantan" title="South Kalimantan">South Kalimantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Kalimantan" title="West Kalimantan">West Kalimantan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Sunda_Islands" title="Lesser Sunda Islands">Lesser Sunda Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Nusa_Tenggara" title="East Nusa Tenggara">East Nusa Tenggara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Nusa_Tenggara" title="West Nusa Tenggara">West Nusa Tenggara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Sulawesi" title="Central Sulawesi">Central Sulawesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo" title="Gorontalo">Gorontalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sulawesi" title="North Sulawesi">North Sulawesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sulawesi" title="South Sulawesi">South Sulawesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Sulawesi" title="Southeast Sulawesi">Southeast Sulawesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Sulawesi" title="West Sulawesi">West Sulawesi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maluku_(province)" title="Maluku (province)">Maluku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Maluku" title="North Maluku">North Maluku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea" title="Western New Guinea">Western New Guinea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Papua" title="Central Papua">Central Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Papua" title="Highland Papua">Highland Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_(province)" title="Papua (province)">Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Papua" title="South Papua">South Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Papua" title="Southwest Papua">Southwest Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Papua_(province)" title="West Papua (province)">West Papua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Region_of_Surakarta" title="Special Region of Surakarta">Special Region of Surakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Sumatra" title="Central Sumatra">Central Sumatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor_(province)" title="East Timor (province)">East Timor</a> (de facto)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Lists by <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_governors_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current governors in Indonesia">Current governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_provinces_by_GDP" title="List of Indonesian provinces by GDP">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_provinces_by_GRP_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indonesian provinces by GRP per capita">GRP per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_provinces_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Indonesian provinces by Human Development Index">HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_provinces_by_highest_point" title="List of Indonesian provinces by highest point">Highest point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_provinces_by_poverty_rate" title="List of Indonesian provinces by poverty rate">Poverty rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:ID" title="ISO 3166-2:ID">ISO codes</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_in_Southeast_Asia256" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_Southeast_Asia" title="Template:Countries and territories of Southeast Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_of_Southeast_Asia" title="Template talk:Countries and territories of Southeast Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_Southeast_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories of Southeast Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_in_Southeast_Asia256" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries and territories in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Asia" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania917" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Template:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Template talk:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania917" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Oceania" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania">Countries and territories</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_area" title="List of Oceanian countries by area">List of Oceanian countries by area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_population" title="List of Oceanian countries by population">List of Oceanian countries by population</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Entire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">In part</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands" title="Juan Fernández Islands">Juan Fernández Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands" title="Galápagos Islands">Galápagos Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indonesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Papua" title="Central Papua">Central Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Papua" title="Highland Papua">Highland Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_(province)" title="Papua (province)">Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Papua" title="South Papua">South Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Papua" title="Southwest Papua">Southwest Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Papua_(province)" title="West Papua (province)">West Papua</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated states</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Territory#Overseas_territory" title="Territory">territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_collectivity" title="Overseas collectivity">Overseas collectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_country_of_France" title="Overseas country of France">Overseas country of France</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_the_Cook_Islands_and_Niue" title="Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue">Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">States and territories of Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Indian_Ocean_Territories" title="Australian Indian Ocean Territories">Australian Indian Ocean Territories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)">Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_area" title="Insular area">Insular area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">United States Minor Outlying Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Asia997" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_Asia" title="Template:Countries of Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_Asia" title="Template talk:Countries of Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Asia997" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Asia" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia">Countries and dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indonesia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kastellorizo" title="Kastellorizo">Kastellorizo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a>2 (Sovereign Base Areas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions of China</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1 Spans the conventional boundary between Asia and another continent.</li> <li>2 Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in West Asia.</li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)175" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)" title="Template:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)" title="Template talk:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)175" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Charter" title="ASEAN Charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area#The_Common_Effective_Preferential_Tariff_(CEPT)_scheme" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">Customs union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">Founding document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisations_associated_with_the_ASEAN" title="Organisations associated with the ASEAN">Organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary General of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amity_and_Cooperation_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia">Treaty of Amity and Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_ASEAN_members" title="Visa policy of ASEAN members">Visa policies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_ASEAN_Way" title="The ASEAN Way">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblem of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Song_of_Unity" title="ASEAN Song of Unity">Hymn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_ASEAN" title="Enlargement of ASEAN">Observers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="East Timor">East Timor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_East_Timor_to_ASEAN" class="mw-redirect" title="Accession of East Timor to ASEAN">status</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Papua_New_Guinea_to_ASEAN" title="Accession of Papua New Guinea to ASEAN">status</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Summits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Summit" title="ASEAN Summit">ASEAN Summit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_ASEAN_Summits" title="2017 ASEAN Summits">2017</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93Republic_of_Korea_Commemorative_Summit" title="ASEAN–Republic of Korea Commemorative Summit">ASEAN–Republic of Korea Commemorative Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93India_Commemorative_Summit" title="ASEAN–India Commemorative Summit">ASEAN–India Commemorative Summit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area#ASEAN_Plus_Three" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">ASEAN Plus Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Regional_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="ASEAN Regional Forum">ASEAN Regional Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Europe_Meeting" title="Asia–Europe Meeting">Asia–Europe Meeting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Asian Games">SEA Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_University_Games" title="ASEAN University Games">University Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_School_Games" title="ASEAN School Games">School Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Para_Games" title="ASEAN Para Games">Para Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Football_Federation" title="ASEAN Football Federation">Football Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFF_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="AFF Championship">Football Championship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Armies_Rifle_Meet" title="ASEAN Armies Rifle Meet">Armies Rifle Meet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Monetary_Unit" title="Asian Monetary Unit">Asian Monetary Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Mai_Initiative" title="Chiang Mai Initiative">Chiang Mai Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership_for_East_Asia" title="Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia">Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">ASEAN Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93China_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN–China Free Trade Area">ASEAN–China Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93India_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN–India Free Trade Area">ASEAN–India Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93Australia_Development_Cooperation_Program" title="ASEAN–Australia Development Cooperation Program">ASEAN–Australia Development Cooperation Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Initiatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Centre_for_Biodiversity" title="ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity">Centre for Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Asean_Regional_Forum_Disaster_Relief_Exercise" class="mw-redirect" title="The Asean Regional Forum Disaster Relief Exercise">Disaster Relief Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Smart_Cities_Network" title="ASEAN Smart Cities Network">Smart Cities Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commissions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Intergovernmental_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights">Human Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Human_Rights_Declaration" title="ASEAN Human Rights Declaration">ASEAN Human Rights Declaration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Commission_on_the_Promotion_and_Protection_of_the_Rights_of_Women" title="ASEAN Commission on the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Women">Rights of Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Common_Time" title="ASEAN Common Time">Common Time</a></li> <li>'<a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Rise" title="ASEAN Rise">ASEAN Rise</a>'</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="ASEAN–European Union relations">EU relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Outstanding_Scientist_and_Technologist_Award" title="ASEAN Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award">Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award</a></li> <li>Lists <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Southeast_Asia" title="List of the busiest airports in Southeast Asia">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_banks_in_ASEAN" title="List of largest banks in ASEAN">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_ASEAN_by_population" title="List of cities in ASEAN by population">Cities by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_countries_by_GDP" title="List of ASEAN countries by GDP">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_countries_by_HDI" title="List of ASEAN countries by HDI">HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_countries_and_subdivisions_by_minimum_wage" title="List of ASEAN countries and subdivisions by minimum wage">Minimum wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Southeast_Asian_mountains" title="List of Southeast Asian mountains">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Top_reviewed_places_in_ASEAN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Top reviewed places in ASEAN (page does not exist)">Places</a></li> <li>Science Olympiad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_stock_exchanges_by_market_capitalization" title="List of ASEAN stock exchanges by market capitalization">Stock exchanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_country_subdivisions_by_GDP" title="List of ASEAN country subdivisions by GDP">Subdivisions by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_ASEAN" title="Rankings of universities in ASEAN">Universities</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BRICS118" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BRICS" title="Template:BRICS"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BRICS" title="Template talk:BRICS"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BRICS" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BRICS"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BRICS118" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_BRICS" title="Member states of BRICS">Membership</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indonesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Summits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/1st_BRIC_summit" title="1st BRIC summit">Yekaterinburg 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_BRIC_summit" title="2nd BRIC summit">Brasília 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_BRICS_summit" title="3rd BRICS summit">Sanya 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_BRICS_summit" title="4th BRICS summit">New Delhi 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_BRICS_summit" title="5th BRICS summit">Durban 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_BRICS_summit" title="6th BRICS summit">Fortaleza 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_BRICS_summit" title="7th BRICS summit">Ufa 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_BRICS_summit" title="8th BRICS summit">Goa 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_BRICS_summit" title="9th BRICS summit">Xiamen 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_BRICS_summit" title="10th BRICS summit">Johannesburg 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_BRICS_summit" title="11th BRICS summit">Brasília 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_BRICS_summit" title="12th BRICS summit">Saint Petersburg 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_BRICS_summit" title="13th BRICS summit">New Delhi 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_BRICS_summit" title="14th BRICS summit">Beijing 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_BRICS_summit" title="15th BRICS summit">Johannesburg 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_BRICS_summit" title="16th BRICS summit">Kazan 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_BRICS_summit" class="mw-redirect" title="17th BRICS summit">TBD 2025</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bilateral relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Brazil–China relations">Brazil–China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Brazil–India relations">Brazil–India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Brazil–Russia relations">Brazil–Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Brazil–South Africa relations">Brazil–South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93India_relations" title="China–India relations">China–India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="China–Russia relations">China–Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="China–South Africa relations">China–South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="India–Russia relations">India–Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="India–South Africa relations">India–South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Russia–South Africa relations">Russia–South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_BRICS_leaders" class="mw-redirect" title="List of BRICS leaders">Leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Ramaphosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Sisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia"><img alt="Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Masoud_Pezeshkian" title="Masoud Pezeshkian">Pezeshkian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan" title="Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan">Al Nahyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BRICS_U-17_Football_Cup" title="BRICS U-17 Football Cup">BRICS U-17 Football Cup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_BRICS_U-17_Football_Cup" title="2016 BRICS U-17 Football Cup">2016 Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_BRICS_U-17_Football_Cup" title="2018 BRICS U-17 Football Cup">2018 Johannesburg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS_Games" title="BRICS Games">BRICS Games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_BRICS_Games" title="2024 BRICS Games">2024 Kazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2024_BRICS_Games" title="Athletics at the 2024 BRICS Games">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badminton_at_the_2024_BRICS_Games" title="Badminton at the 2024 BRICS Games">Badminton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2024_BRICS_Games" title="Gymnastics at the 2024 BRICS Games">Gymnastics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BRICS_Contingent_Reserve_Arrangement" title="BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement">BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS_Cable" title="BRICS Cable">BRICS Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS_Universities_League" title="BRICS Universities League">BRICS Universities League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Development_Bank" title="New Development Bank">New Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS_PAY" title="BRICS PAY">BRICS PAY</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="G20_major_economies27" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:G20" title="Template:G20"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:G20" title="Template talk:G20"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:G20" title="Special:EditPage/Template:G20"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="G20_major_economies27" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20 major economies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_(OIC)298" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Template:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Template talk:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_(OIC)298" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a> (OIC)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hissein_Brahim_Taha" title="Hissein Brahim Taha">Hissein Brahim Taha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Member states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Pakistan-OIC relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suspended</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Countries and territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Muslim communities</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moro_National_Liberation_Front" title="Moro National Liberation Front">Moro National Liberation Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">International organizations</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Declarations195" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Declarations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abuja_Declaration_(1989)" title="Abuja Declaration (1989)">Abuja Declaration (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights_in_Islam" title="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam">Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OIC_Resolution_10/11" title="OIC Resolution 10/11">OIC Resolution 10/11</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OIC_Council_of_Foreign_Ministers_Resolution_10/37" title="OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37">OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sessions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Extraordinary748" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extraordinary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="First Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Second Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Third Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Fifth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Sixth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Seventh Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Eighth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Ninth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Arab%E2%80%93Islamic_extraordinary_summit" title="2023 Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit">Arab–Islamic (2023)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by GDP (PPP)">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_GDP_per_capita_(PPP)" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by GDP per capita (PPP)">GDP per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_exports" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by exports">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_imports" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by imports">Imports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by population">Population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_in_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest cities in Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member countries">Largest cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_member_states_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Education in the member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1 As the "Turkish Cypriot State".</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="D-8_Organization_for_Economic_Cooperation308" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:D-8_Organization_for_Economic_Cooperation" title="Template:D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:D-8_Organization_for_Economic_Cooperation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:D-8_Organization_for_Economic_Cooperation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="D-8_Organization_for_Economic_Cooperation308" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/D-8_Organization_for_Economic_Cooperation" title="D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation">D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_D-8_Organization_for_Economic_Cooperation" title="Secretary General of the D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Ministers_of_the_D-8_Organization_for_Economic_Cooperation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Council of Ministers of the D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation (page does not exist)">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Summit_of_the_D-8_Organization_for_Economic_Cooperation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Summit of the D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation (page does not exist)">Summit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indonesia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation_(APEC)237" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Template:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Template talk:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation_(APEC)237" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>¹</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Summits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Australia_1989" title="APEC Australia 1989">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_Singapore_1990&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC Singapore 1990 (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_Republic_of_Korea_1991&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC Republic of Korea 1991 (page does not exist)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_Thailand_1992&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC Thailand 1992 (page does not exist)">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_United_States_1993&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC United States 1993 (page does not exist)">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Indonesia_1994" title="APEC Indonesia 1994">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_Japan_1995&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC Japan 1995 (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Philippines_1996" title="APEC Philippines 1996">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Canada_1997" title="APEC Canada 1997">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_Malaysia_1998&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC Malaysia 1998 (page does not exist)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_New_Zealand_1999&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC New Zealand 1999 (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_Brunei_2000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC Brunei 2000 (page does not exist)">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_China_2001" title="APEC China 2001">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Mexico_2002" title="APEC Mexico 2002">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Thailand_2003" title="APEC Thailand 2003">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Chile_2004" title="APEC Chile 2004">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_South_Korea_2005" title="APEC South Korea 2005">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Vietnam_2006" title="APEC Vietnam 2006">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Australia_2007" title="APEC Australia 2007">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Peru_2008" title="APEC Peru 2008">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Singapore_2009" title="APEC Singapore 2009">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Japan_2010" title="APEC Japan 2010">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_United_States_2011" title="APEC United States 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Russia_2012" title="APEC Russia 2012">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Indonesia_2013" title="APEC Indonesia 2013">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_China_2014" title="APEC China 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Philippines_2015" title="APEC Philippines 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Peru_2016" title="APEC Peru 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Vietnam_2017" title="APEC Vietnam 2017">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Papua_New_Guinea_2018" title="APEC Papua New Guinea 2018">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Chile_2019" title="APEC Chile 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Malaysia_2020" title="APEC Malaysia 2020">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_New_Zealand_2021" title="APEC New Zealand 2021">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Thailand_2022" title="APEC Thailand 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_United_States_2023" title="APEC United States 2023">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Peru_2024" title="APEC Peru 2024">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_South_Korea_2025" title="APEC South Korea 2025">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Business_Travel_Card" title="APEC Business Travel Card">APEC Business Travel Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_blue" title="APEC blue">APEC blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Climate_Center" title="APEC Climate Center">APEC Climate Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Sculpture_Garden" title="APEC Sculpture Garden">APEC Sculpture Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Youth_Science_Festival" title="APEC Youth Science Festival">APEC Youth Science Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1. A <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">special administrative region of China</a>, participates as "Hong Kong, China"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Non-Aligned_Movement168" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Template:Non-Aligned Movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Template talk:Non-Aligned Movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Non-Aligned Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Non-Aligned_Movement168" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement#Members,_observers_and_guests" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Members</a> and the NAM</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Cyprus and the Non-Aligned Movement">Cyprus</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Egypt and the Non-Aligned Movement">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Ghana and the Non-Aligned Movement">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="India and the Non-Aligned Movement">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Malta and the Non-Aligned Movement">Malta</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Sri Lanka and the Non-Aligned Movement">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Tanzania and the Non-Aligned Movement">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement">Yugoslavia</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Zimbabwe and the Non-Aligned Movement">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bureau</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Bureau_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordinating Bureau of the Non-Aligned Movement">Coordinating Bureau of the Non-Aligned Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement_Centre_for_South-South_Technical_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Aligned Movement Centre for South-South Technical Cooperation">Centre for South-South Technical Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement#NAM_Centres" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-aligned and Other Developing Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement#NAM_Centres" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Center for Human Rights and Cultural Diversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement_Youth_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Aligned Movement Youth Organization">NAM Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAM_News_Network" title="NAM News Network">NAM News Network</a> (<a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_News_Agencies_Pool" title="Non-Aligned News Agencies Pool">News Agencies Pool</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%22Josip_Broz_Tito%22_Art_Gallery_of_the_Nonaligned_Countries" title=""Josip Broz Tito" Art Gallery of the Nonaligned Countries">"Josip Broz Tito" Art Gallery of the Nonaligned Countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Principles_of_Peaceful_Coexistence" title="Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence">Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Non-Aligned_Movement_Summits" title="Template:Non-Aligned Movement Summits">Summits</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Bandung Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brioni_Meeting" title="Brioni Meeting">Brioni Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="2nd Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="3rd Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="4th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="5th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="6th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="7th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="8th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="9th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="10th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="16th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">16th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">18th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="19th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">19th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito#Non-Alignment" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> (<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukarno#Figurehead_president" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indonesia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> (<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah" title="Kwame Nkrumah">Kwame Nkrumah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser#Adoption_of_neutralism" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> (<a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houari_Boumediene#Foreign_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Houari Boumediene">Houari Boumediene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro#Foreign_wars_and_NAM_Presidency:_1975–1979" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#Foreign_affairs" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi#Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirimavo_Bandaranaike" title="Sirimavo Bandaranaike">Sirimavo Bandaranaike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>‡ denotes a former member state of the Non-Aligned Movement</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)152" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" title="Template:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" title="Template talk:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)152" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observer Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African,_Caribbean_and_Pacific_Group_of_States" class="mw-redirect" title="African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States">ACP</a> Secretariat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Secretariat" title="Commonwealth Secretariat">Commonwealth Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">International Organization for Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">United Nations Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_and_Central_Pacific_Fisheries_Commission" title="Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission">Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dialogue partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development partner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/45th_Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="45th Pacific Islands Forum">45th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="51st Pacific Islands Forum">51st</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2704" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2704" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000403921382">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/125405737">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1209242/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcrbVHmQ674B9vYY3X8G3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4026761-1">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80083633">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15323043s">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15323043s">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00871922">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129385&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451275">Spain</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=497/19402">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007552504805171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981059738291106706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/d3a68bd0-7419-3f99-a5bd-204d6e057089">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/89a54291-1eed-4f31-8292-21c77b873952">KulturNav</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td 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[\"CITEREFAssegaf2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAugustine_AsanteQinglu_ChengDwidjo_Susilo2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAustinSchwantesGuKasibhatla2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAyala_Klemperer-Markman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBakerPrys_Jones1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaulch,_Emma2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBayuni,_Endy2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeckZimmermannMcVicarVergopolan2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerenschotSambodho2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBevins2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBirdLife_International2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoediman2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBooij1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBressan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBressan2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrissendon2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown,_P.2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrummJensenvan_den_BerghMorwood2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBudiardjoLiong1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBureau_of_Democracy,_Human_Rights_and_Labor2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurr2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCammackFeener2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaseArdiansyahSpector2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCharles_Bidien1945\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChrysoliteJulianeChitraGe2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChua_Mei_Lin2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoca2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColchesterJiwanAndikoFirdaus2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCribb2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrouch2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCzermakDelangheWeng\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDawsonGillow1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDelhaise1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDewi_Fortuna_Anwar2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDjiwandono1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoughty2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDwi_HarijantiLindsey2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDwi_Sutianto2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDávidRahmatPriatmoko2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEarl1850\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEffendy2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEliasNoone2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElliott2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmmers2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEstoqueOobaAvitabileHijioka2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEstradivariAgungAdhuriFerse2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarid2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForge1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForshee2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFossatiHui2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrederickWorden1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrederickWorden2011\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFFriend2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGert_OostindieBert_Paasman1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGielenSayginRigter2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoh2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGokkon2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGozali,_Gufron2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGugliotta2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGutierrez2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFH._J._Van_Mook1949\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHadizRobison2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarnishRasmussen2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarris2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarsono2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHatley2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenley2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeryanto2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHilotin2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIndonesia\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJennifer_Yang2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJessica_Vincentia_Marpaung2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn_D._Legge1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJonathan_PincusRizal_Ramli1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJosé\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoy_Freidus1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKasten\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKingsbury2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKitley2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrisetya2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKristianto2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaksamanaAlexandra2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLambertini2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLegge1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLimahoSugiartoPramonoChristiawan2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinHidayat2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiu2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLogan1850\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLowry1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuthfi_AzizatunnisaUtsamani_CintyamenaYodi_MahendradhataRiris_Andono_Ahmad2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMC2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaboy2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMadjid1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaguire,_Gavin2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMardiansjah2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarshall2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcelheny1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMedia2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMelvin2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMercoglianoRederEllena2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichelle_Ann_Miller2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMietznerMuhtadi2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMispansyahNurunnisaTiya_Erniyati2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoeliodihardjo2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMonkFretesReksodiharjo-Lilley1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuhammad_Zulfikar_Rakhmat2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMukmininHabibi1Diat_PrajosoIdi2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMumtazah2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuseum_Kepresidenan2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNa\u0026#039;imSyaputra2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNatahadibrata2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNitisastro1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNovianti,_Divya_Maysa2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Neill,_Aaron2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFOey1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOktavianaJoannes-BoyauHakimBurhan2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOoi,_Keat_Gin2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPachecoGnychDermawanKomarudin2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPauka1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul_Christopher_Webster2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPearce2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPierre_van_der_Eng2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPope1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPope1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrasetyo2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrashanth_Parameswaran2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPuspariniCahyanaGranthamMaxwell2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRachman2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReimar_SchefoldPeter_NasGaudenz_Domenig2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRicklefs1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRicklefs2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRika_Stevani2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobert_Cribb2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobertsHabirSebastian2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobinson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSastraatmadja2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwarz1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSedyawati2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSen2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeong_Chee_Tham1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSertori2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSetiawan2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSetiyonoNatalis2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeverin1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShackleton2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShah2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShannon_L.Lloyd_Grayson_J.2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimonsFennig\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSitorus2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlater2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSneddon2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStapleton2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStefan_Armbruster,_Victor_Mambor_and_BenarNews_staff2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuparji_Suparji2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuryadinata,_Leo2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSusanto2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSylviane_L._G._Lebon2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTamindael2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTehusijarana2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTemple2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTempler1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTeresia,_Ananda2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThabrany2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas,_Vincent_Fabian2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTitiheruwAtje2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTomascikMahNontjiMoosa1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTri_Rini_Puji_Lestari2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTruman_SimanjuntakHerawati_SudoyoMultamia_R.M.T._LauderAllan_Lauder2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTsujinoYumotoKitamuraDjamaluddin2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUpton2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVaragur2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVibhanshu_Shekhar2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVickers2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVishal_Agarwal,_Ashwin_Balasubramanian,_Fadhila_Discha,_and_Khoon_Tee_Tan2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVnExpress\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWallace2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWard2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhittenHendersonMustafa1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhittenSoeriaatmadjaSuraya1996\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWhittenSoeriaatmadjaSuraya_A._A.1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWirawanGultom2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWitton2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWitton2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorld_Intellectual_Property_Organization.DuttaLanvinRivera_León2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWullur2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYamin,_Kafil2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYasmin2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYeo,_Kate2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYodi_MahendradhataLaksono_Trisnantoro2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZiyi2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZulmi2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_VosSondaar1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvan_ImhoffBeets2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvan_StrienSteinmetzManullangSectionov2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvan_der_Kroef1951\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 1,\n [\"Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation\"] = 1,\n [\"Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"BRICS\"] = 1,\n [\"Center\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 9,\n [\"Citation-attribution\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite Merriam-Webster\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite act\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 67,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite iucn\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 57,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 23,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite video\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 167,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Collapsible list\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 14,\n [\"Coord\"] = 2,\n [\"Countries and territories of Oceania\"] = 1,\n [\"Countries and territories of Southeast Asia\"] = 1,\n [\"Countries of Asia\"] = 1,\n [\"Currency\"] = 5,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 1,\n [\"D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 8,\n [\"Further\"] = 2,\n [\"G20\"] = 1,\n [\"Google books\"] = 2,\n [\"Government of Indonesia\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 2,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 2,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 7,\n [\"In lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Increase\"] = 4,\n [\"IncreaseNeutral\"] = 1,\n [\"Indonesia provinces labelled map\"] = 1,\n [\"Indonesia topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox country\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 14,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Largest cities of Indonesia\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 32,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 8,\n [\"Native name\"] = 1,\n [\"Native phrase\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Non-Aligned Movement\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"OCLC\"] = 1,\n [\"Organisation of Islamic Cooperation\"] = 1,\n [\"Osmrelation-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 4,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-vandalism\"] = 1,\n [\"Provinces of Indonesia\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 2,\n [\"See also\"] = 6,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 51,\n [\"Ship\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Switcher\"] = 1,\n [\"Transcluded section\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list/end\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n [\"Wikiatlas\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","540","17.4"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","300","9.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","200","6.5"],["recursiveClone 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type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Indonesia","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q252","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q252","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-07-14T01:39:29Z","dateModified":"2025-01-30T16:44:47Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9f\/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg","headline":"island country in Southeast Asia and Oceania"}</script> </body> </html>