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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Infanta María del Pilar of Spain</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BB_%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%81_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%99%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Μαρία δελ Πιλάρ της Ισπανίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαρία δελ Πιλάρ της Ισπανίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_del_Pilar_de_Borb%C3%B3n_y_Borb%C3%B3n" title="María del Pilar de Borbón y Borbón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="María del Pilar de Borbón y Borbón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_del_Pilar_d%27Espagne" title="María del Pilar d'Espagne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="María del Pilar d'Espagne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_de_Pilar_di_Borbone-Spagna" title="Maria de Pilar di Borbone-Spagna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Maria de Pilar di Borbone-Spagna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მარია დელ პილარ ესპანელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მარია დელ პილარ ესპანელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1ria_del_Pilar_spanyol_inf%C3%A1nsn%C5%91" title="Mária del Pilar spanyol infánsnő – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mária del Pilar spanyol infánsnő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_del_Pilar_de_Borb%C3%B3n_y_Borb%C3%B3n" title="María del Pilar de Borbón y Borbón – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="María del Pilar de Borbón y Borbón" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_do_Pilar_de_Espanha" title="Maria do Pilar de Espanha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Maria do Pilar de Espanha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_del_Pilar_c%E1%BB%A7a_T%C3%A2y_Ban_Nha" title="María del Pilar của Tây Ban Nha – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="María del Pilar của Tây Ban Nha" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E7%9A%84%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%E4%BA%9E%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E6%8B%89" title="西班牙的瑪麗亞·皮拉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="西班牙的瑪麗亞·皮拉" 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color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Infanta María del Pilar of Spain</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Infanta_Pilar_of_Spain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Infanta_Pilar_of_Spain.jpg/220px-Infanta_Pilar_of_Spain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Infanta_Pilar_of_Spain.jpg/330px-Infanta_Pilar_of_Spain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Infanta_Pilar_of_Spain.jpg/440px-Infanta_Pilar_of_Spain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1061" data-file-height="1565" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1861-06-04</span>)</span>4 June 1861<br /><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">5 August 1879<span style="display:none">(1879-08-05)</span> (aged 18)<br /><a href="/wiki/Eskoriatza" title="Eskoriatza">Eskoriatza</a>, Spain</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/El_Escorial" title="El Escorial">El Escorial</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">María del Pilar Berenguela Isabel Francisca de Asís Cristina Sebastiana Gabriela Francisca Caracciolo Saturnina de Borbón y Borbón</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_As%C3%ADs,_Duke_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Francisco de Asís, Duke of Cádiz">Francisco de Asís, Duke of Cádiz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella II of Spain">Isabella II of Spain</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Infanta María del Pilar of Spain</b> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">María del Pilar Berenguela Isabel Francisca de Asís Cristina Sebastiana Gabriela Francisca Caracciolo Saturnina de Borbón y Borbón</i>; 4 June 1861 – 5 August 1879) was the third surviving child and second surviving daughter of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Isabella_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Isabella II">Queen Isabella II</a> and her <a href="/wiki/King_consort" class="mw-redirect" title="King consort">king consort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_As%C3%ADs,_Duke_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Francisco de Asís, Duke of Cádiz">Francisco de Asís, Duke of Cádiz</a>. Infanta Pilar was the younger sister of <a href="/wiki/King_Alfonso_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="King Alfonso XII">King Alfonso XII</a>. </p><p>At the age of seven, Pilar accompanied her mother into exile in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, where she was educated at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=College_of_the_Sacred_Heart_(Paris)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="College of the Sacred Heart (Paris) (page does not exist)">College of the Sacred Heart</a>. After the fall of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>, the royal family settled in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>. In 1875, with the restoration of the monarchy to her brother Alfonso XII, she returned to Spain. Upon her mother's return to France, Pilar moved with her younger sisters <a href="/wiki/Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_de_la_Paz_of_Spain" title="Infanta María de la Paz of Spain">Paz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infanta_Eulalia_of_Spain" title="Infanta Eulalia of Spain">Eulalia</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Madrid" title="Royal Palace of Madrid">Royal Palace of Madrid</a>. She completed her education under the supervision of her eldest sister, <a href="/wiki/Isabella,_Princess_of_Asturias_(1851%E2%80%931931)" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella, Princess of Asturias (1851–1931)">Isabella, Princess of Asturias</a>. </p><p>There was a project to marry Pilar to <a href="/wiki/Napoleon,_Prince_Imperial" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon, Prince Imperial">Napoleon, Prince Imperial</a>, the son and heir of the French emperor <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>. Prince Napoleon's mother, <a href="/wiki/Empress_Eugenie" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress Eugenie">Empress Eugenie</a>, and Queen Isabella II were in favor of this union, but the young prince was killed in the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Zulu_War" title="Anglo-Zulu War">Anglo-Zulu War</a>. Two months later Pilar, age 18, died suddenly in <a href="/wiki/Eskoriatza" title="Eskoriatza">Eskoriatza</a>. Empress Eugenie took a wreath from her son's grave and sent it to Pilar's gravesite in <a href="/wiki/El_Escorial" title="El Escorial">El Escorial</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Pilar_of_Spain&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Pilar_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Infanta María del Pilar of Spain">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Infantas_Paz,_Pilar_and_Eulalia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Infantas_Paz%2C_Pilar_and_Eulalia.jpg/180px-Infantas_Paz%2C_Pilar_and_Eulalia.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Infantas_Paz%2C_Pilar_and_Eulalia.jpg/270px-Infantas_Paz%2C_Pilar_and_Eulalia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Infantas_Paz%2C_Pilar_and_Eulalia.jpg/360px-Infantas_Paz%2C_Pilar_and_Eulalia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2580" /></a><figcaption>From left to right : Infantas Paz, Pilar and Eulalia of Spain.</figcaption></figure> <p>Born on 4 June 1861 at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Madrid" title="Royal Palace of Madrid">Royal Palace of Madrid</a>, Infanta Pilar was the third surviving child of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Isabella_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Isabella II">Queen Isabella II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_As%C3%ADs,_Duke_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Francisco de Asís, Duke of Cádiz">King Francisco de Asís</a>. She was christened the day following her birth as María del Pilar Berenguela Isabel Francisca de Asís Cristina Sebastiana Gabriela Francisca Caracciolo Saturnina. Her godparents were her paternal aunt and uncle, <a href="/wiki/Infanta_Maria_Cristina_of_Spain_(1833%E2%80%931902)" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Maria Cristina of Spain (1833–1902)">Infanta Maria Cristina of Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infante_Sebastian_of_Portugal_and_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Sebastian of Portugal and Spain">Infante Sebastian of Portugal and Spain</a>, a couple who had married the previous year. </p><p>The Queen paid little attention to the King, who was considered effeminate and whom she had been forced to marry at age sixteen. However, during their dysfunctional marriage, Queen Isabella was pregnant twelve times. Historians and biographers have come to believe that King Francisco was the biological father of few if any of the Queen's children. Their paternity has been attributed to Isabella's various lovers. Between 1859 and 1865, Isabella's romantic attentions centered in the diplomat and politician Miguel Tenorio de Castilla (1818-1912). Twelve years older than Isabella, Tenorio arrived at the court of Madrid in April 1859 as secretary to the Queen. He was a widower with a son and with an extensive political career. His relationship with Isabella was placid and he served her with loyalty and efficiency. In August 1865, he was dismissed from his post as both <a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_O%27Donnell" title="Leopoldo O'Donnell">Leopoldo O'Donnell</a>, president of the government, and his successor, <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Ramón María Narváez">Ramón María Narváez</a>, were weary of the influence Tenorio had over the Queen. Tenorio is frequently assigned the paternity of three of the Queen's daughters, Infantas Pilar, <a href="/wiki/Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_de_la_Paz_of_Spain" title="Infanta María de la Paz of Spain">Paz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infanta_Eulalia_of_Spain" title="Infanta Eulalia of Spain">Eulalia</a>. However, King Francisco recognized as his all of the children born during his troubled marriage. Four daughters and one son survived infancy. Infanta Pilar was his favorite and the one to whom he felt closer. </p><p>Infanta Pilar spent her early year in the formal atmosphere of the Spanish court. Until age four, she was raised by a wet nurse who had been carefully chosen. At the age of seven, her education was placed under the supervision of the Duchess of Berwick and Alba. By that time, the stability of Isabella II's reign was shaky. Isabella lost, in quick succession, the two most prominent politicians of her government. Leopold O'Donell died in November 1867 and Narvaez in April 1868, while still presiding over the government. In summer 1868, after spending some days in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_La_Granja_de_San_Ildefonso" title="Royal Palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso">Palace of la Granja</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_royal_family" title="Spanish royal family">Spanish royal family</a> moved to the Cantabrian Coast. They went to <a href="/wiki/Lekeitio" title="Lekeitio">Lekeitio</a> to spend time sea bathing, which had been prescribed to the Queen as she suffered from a skin condition. Pilar was then seven years old. Her constant companions were her sisters Paz, age six, and Eulalia age four. Their brother Alfonso, age ten, was educated separately as he was the heir to the throne. Pilar's eldest sister, <a href="/wiki/Isabella,_Princess_of_Asturias_(1851%E2%80%931931)" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella, Princess of Asturias (1851–1931)">Infanta Isabella</a>, had been married off to her cousin <a href="/wiki/Prince_Gaetan,_Count_of_Girgenti" title="Prince Gaetan, Count of Girgenti">Prince Gaetan, Count of Girgenti</a>, in May and she was abroad on her wedding trip. While the royal family was in Lekeitio, a military <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution_(Spain)" title="Glorious Revolution (Spain)">upsiring</a> broke out. On 28 September, the defeat of the royalist troops headed by General <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Pav%C3%ADa_y_Lacy" title="Manuel Pavía y Lacy">Novaliches</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alcolea_(1868)" title="Battle of Alcolea (1868)">battle of Alcolea</a> sealed the end of Isabella II's reign. Two days later, the royal family crossed the border by train to <a href="/wiki/Biarritz" title="Biarritz">Biarritz</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exile">Exile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Pilar_of_Spain&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Exile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Infanta_Pilar_of_Spain_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Infanta_Pilar_of_Spain_02.jpg/180px-Infanta_Pilar_of_Spain_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Infanta_Pilar_of_Spain_02.jpg/270px-Infanta_Pilar_of_Spain_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Infanta_Pilar_of_Spain_02.jpg/360px-Infanta_Pilar_of_Spain_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>Infanta Pilar of Spain.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first home of the Spanish royal family in exile was the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Pau" title="Château de Pau">Château de Pau</a>, a renaissance castle that had been the birthplace of Pilar's ancestor <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a>. The Château de Pau was conveniently located close to the Spanish border and it was given to them as temporary residence by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>. As the castle was very uncomfortable, the deposed Spanish royals lived there no more than a month. Isabella II decided to settle in Paris where she bought the Palace Basilweski in the avenue du Roi-de-Rome. Located near the <a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe" title="Arc de Triomphe">Arc de Triomphe</a>, the Palace Basilweski was renamed the Palace of Castille and became the home in exile for Infanta Pilar and her family.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Away from the formality of the Spanish court, life in exile allowed more freedom to Infanta Pilar and her sisters. They became the first Spanish princesses not to be educated under the confines of a palace. Infantas Pilar, Paz and Eulalia were enrolled at the Sacré-Coeur, a Catholic school run by <a href="/wiki/Religious_of_the_Sacred_Heart_of_Mary" title="Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary">nuns</a> in la rue de Varnnes. Although the Sacré-Coeur was a boarding school, the three infantas went to class there daily while remaining living at the Palace of Castile. French soon became their first language. Isabella II, who resented that her own mother had neglected her, was devoted to her children. The reduced household and the proximity brought by the exile made the relationship between the Queen and her three younger daughters closer. Pilar's brother was sent to study in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> while their eldest sister lived in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> with her husband.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On the second anniversary of their arrival in France, the fall of the monarchy of Napoleon III and the disturbances in Paris forced Queen Isabella and her children to leave the city on 29 September 1871. They spent the next year living at the Hotel de la paix in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. On 26 November 1871, Pilar's brother-in-law, the Count of Girgenti, committed suicide. In August 1872, a month after the commune was dissolved, the Queen decided to return to Paris. Their residence, the Palace of Castille, had survived the disturbances. However, used as a hospital, its interiors and decorations had been destroyed requiring extensive renovations. Back in Paris, Pilar, who was eleven year old, returned to take classes at the Sacré-Coeur for two more years, leading a quiet family life. During a visit to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> in 1873, Infanta Pilar and her sisters received their first communion from the hands of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 29 December 1874, Infanta Pilar's brother became King Alfonso XII after a <i><a href="/wiki/Pronunciamiento" title="Pronunciamiento">pronunciamiento</a></i> by Martinez Campos established him a king, ending the <a href="/wiki/First_Spanish_Republic" title="First Spanish Republic">First Spanish Republic</a>. The Spanish royal family was then reunited in Paris to celebrate New Year's Eve.<sup id="cite_ref-Rubio_187_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubio_187-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 January 1875, Alfonso arrived in Spain, followed in March by Infanta Isabella, who was proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Asturias" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess of Asturias">Princess of Asturias</a>. Pilar, then thirteen years old, remained in France with her mother and younger sisters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_Spain">Return to Spain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Pilar_of_Spain&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Return to Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Pilar_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Infanta María del Pilar of Spain">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Infanta_Pilar_of_Spain,_sister_of_King_Alfonso_XII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Infanta_Pilar_of_Spain%2C_sister_of_King_Alfonso_XII.jpg/180px-Infanta_Pilar_of_Spain%2C_sister_of_King_Alfonso_XII.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Infanta_Pilar_of_Spain%2C_sister_of_King_Alfonso_XII.jpg/270px-Infanta_Pilar_of_Spain%2C_sister_of_King_Alfonso_XII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Infanta_Pilar_of_Spain%2C_sister_of_King_Alfonso_XII.jpg/360px-Infanta_Pilar_of_Spain%2C_sister_of_King_Alfonso_XII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Infanta Pilar of Spain.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo">Antonio Cánovas del Castillo</a>, President of the Council of Ministers, finally authorized the return of Queen Isabella in the summer 1876. After almost eight years living in exile, Infanta Pilar arrived from France by sea, landing in <a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a> on 30 July 1876. She had turned fifteen years old the previous month. King Alfonso and the Princess of Asturias welcomed their mother and sister, but they left the city the same night. Pilar, with her mother and younger sisters, remained in Santander. They made a trip to Ontaneda to go sea bathing and later traveled from Santander to <a href="/wiki/El_Escorial" title="El Escorial">El Escorial</a> by train. On 13 October, they visited <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> for seven hours. Isabella II was not allowed by the government to live in Madrid so Pilar, her mother and sisters stayed at El Escorial until the Queen decided to settle with her younger daughters in <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>. </p><p>For almost a year, between November 1876 and September 1877 Pilar lived with her mother and sisters at the <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar_of_Seville" title="Alcázar of Seville">Alcázar of Seville</a>. Shortly after they arrived in <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>, Pilar's uncle <a href="/wiki/Antoine,_Duke_of_Montpensier" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine, Duke of Montpensier">Antoine, Duke of Montpensier</a>, also came to live in the city with his family. Pilar and her sisters frequented their cousins, the children of their aunt <a href="/wiki/Infanta_Luisa_Fernanda_of_Spain" title="Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain">Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain</a> and the Duke of Montpesier who had arrived from exile in France almost at the same time, settling at the palace of San Telmo in Seville. The King and the Princess of Asturias came to Seville on a visit, spending eastern 1877 with them. King Alfonso, in love with their cousin <a href="/wiki/Mercedes_of_Orleans" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercedes of Orleans">Mercedes of Orleans</a>, asked her hand in marriage. Isabella II opposed this union as she hated her brother-in-law who had spent a large fortune to help depose her. Upset with her son's choice of a bride and feeling neglected in Seville, in August, Isabella II decided to return to Paris and lived there permanently. On 28 September 1877, Infantas Pilar, Paz and Eulalia moved to Madrid living at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Madrid" title="Royal Palace of Madrid">Royal Palace of Madrid</a> with their eldest siblings. In November, Isabella left Spain for Paris. Pilar never saw her mother again. </p><p>In the fall 1877, a new life began for Infanta Pilar at the Royal Palace of Madrid where she had been born sixteen years earlier. Her education continued there under the supervision of her sister Isabella. The three young infantas lived in a wing of the royal palace separated from their two eldest siblings. This arrangement gave them some independence. Their care was supervised by the Marchioness of Santa Cruz. Pilar and her sister Paz, only one year her junior, were particularly close. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prospects_of_a_marriage">Prospects of a marriage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Pilar_of_Spain&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Prospects of a marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Pilar_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Infanta María del Pilar of Spain">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_four_daughters_of_Queen_Isabel_II_of_Spain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/The_four_daughters_of_Queen_Isabel_II_of_Spain.jpg/180px-The_four_daughters_of_Queen_Isabel_II_of_Spain.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/The_four_daughters_of_Queen_Isabel_II_of_Spain.jpg/270px-The_four_daughters_of_Queen_Isabel_II_of_Spain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/The_four_daughters_of_Queen_Isabel_II_of_Spain.jpg/360px-The_four_daughters_of_Queen_Isabel_II_of_Spain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="842" /></a><figcaption>Infanta Pilar of Spain and her three sisters. From left to right: Pilar, Eulalia, Isabella and Paz</figcaption></figure> <p>On 23 January 1878, at the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_Atocha" title="Basilica of Nuestra Señora de Atocha">Basilica of Nuestra Señora de Atocha</a> in Madrid, Alfonso XII married his first cousin, Princess Maria de las Mercedes. Pilar, Paz and Eulalia were close to their cousin and sister-in-law, but Mercedes's marriage was brief. She had a miscarriage and died six months into her marriage of <a href="/wiki/Gastric_fever" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastric fever">gastric fever</a> on 26 June 1878. Pilar and her sister<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (February 2023)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> went to Seville to visit their uncle the Duke of Montpensier. At this time there was a project to marry Pilar to Montpensier's nephew <a href="/wiki/Pierre,_Duke_of_Penthi%C3%A8vre" title="Pierre, Duke of Penthièvre">Pierre, Duke of Penthièvre</a>, a distant cousin. Isabella II opposed the idea, and the project did not go very far. </p><p>Infanta Pilar was third in the line of succession as neither King Alfonso nor Isabella, Princess of Asturias, had children by then. With no direct heir to the throne of Spain, it was a matter of urgency to find a husband for Pilar. Since the years of exile in Paris, it had been a cherished project between Queen Isabella II and her friend <a href="/wiki/Empress_Eugenie" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress Eugenie">Empress Eugenie</a> of France to arrange a marriage between their children Pilar and <a href="/wiki/Napoleon,_Prince_Imperial" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon, Prince Imperial">Napoleon, Prince Imperial</a>. As the project had been on the back burner due to the fall of the French Empire and the exile in England, Isabella conceived the idea of an even more illustrious match for her daughter. <a href="/wiki/Rudolf,_Crown_Prince_of_Austria" title="Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria">Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria</a>, was in search of a wife. The Queen had her son Alfonso extend an invitation to Rudolf to come to Spain. Crown Prince Rudolf arrived on hunting expedition with his brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Prince_Leopold_of_Bavaria" title="Prince Leopold of Bavaria">Prince Leopold of Bavaria</a>. Rudolph met Pilar, and he was surprised to find that she was blond with clear eyes as he had thought that all Spanish women were brunettes, but he showed no particular interest in her, concentrating in game hunting. </p><p>Pilar was hoping to marry the Prince Imperial. They had met as children when Pilar and her sister were sometimes invited to play with him at the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Palace" title="Tuileries Palace">Tuileries Palace</a>. The prince was then living in exile in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. He was due to pay an official visit to Madrid on his return from <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, where he was fighting with the British troops in the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Zulu_War" title="Anglo-Zulu War">Anglo-Zulu War</a>. Before his return, he was killed in South Africa on 1 June 1879. Pilar was deeply distraught by his death. She outlived him by only two months. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Pilar_of_Spain&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Pilar_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Infanta María del Pilar of Spain">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pilar,_Infanta_of_Spain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Pilar%2C_Infanta_of_Spain.jpg/180px-Pilar%2C_Infanta_of_Spain.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Pilar%2C_Infanta_of_Spain.jpg/270px-Pilar%2C_Infanta_of_Spain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Pilar%2C_Infanta_of_Spain.jpg/360px-Pilar%2C_Infanta_of_Spain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption>Infanta Pilar of Spain.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early summer 1879 it was organized that Pilar, Paz and Eulalia would spend some time in <a href="/wiki/Eskoriatza" title="Eskoriatza">Eskoriatza</a>, a small town known for its hot springs of mineral waters. On 10 July they arrived in Eskoriatza in the province of <a href="/wiki/Gipuzkoa" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a> after a long and tiresome journey. In the following weeks, the sisters rested, leading a peaceful life dedicating their time to walks around the country side and reading. Infanta Paz noticed that Pilar looked pale and tired but since the sisters read each other's letters, Paz did not write about it to their eldest siblings to avoid alerting Pilar. </p><p>On 1 August the local people arranged a small fiesta in Pilar's honor. Wearing a white dress, and with a red beret on her head, Pilar attended the rustic fete and enjoyed its simple pleasures: donkey rides, bullocks and open-air dancing. That night, she complained of feeling tired. On 3 August, Pilar did not feel well and she stayed in bed all day. At night while she was reading <a href="/wiki/Graziella" title="Graziella">Graziella</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine">Alphonse de Lamartine</a>, she had an acute attack of convulsions, lost consciousness, and never woke up again. She died, probably of tuberculous meningitis. However, the official medical report was diagnosed with serious effusion. She was buried a few days later in El Escorial. </p><p>Pilar's siblings Alfonso and Isabella arrived too late to see her alive. "Everyone", wrote Paz afterwards, "loved Pilar best of all". On the day of the Prince Imperial's death, 1 June 1879, a pressed violet - the flower of the <a href="/wiki/Bonapartes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonapartes">Bonapartes</a> - is said to have fallen out of Pilar's prayer book and to have broken at the stalk. According to that legend, when Pilar learned of his death some weeks later, she pined away and died of a broken heart. </p><p>Empress Eugenie wrote from <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Camden" title="London Borough of Camden">Camden</a> on 9 August 1879, to her mother the <a href="/wiki/Countess_of_Montijo" class="mw-redirect" title="Countess of Montijo">Countess of Montijo</a>, "I have received a terrible blow with the death of Infanta Pilar who was so close to my son. You tell me that she felt sick after a dance in Eskoriatza. Could God have truly decided to take these two souls destined one to another." The Empress took one of the wreaths from his son's burial and sent it to Pilar's in El Escorial. </p><p>Infanta Paz, who was seventeen at the time, was deeply affected by her sister's death. Years later, Paz married <a href="/wiki/Prince_Ludwig_Ferdinand_of_Bavaria" title="Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria">Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria</a>, and decided to call her only daughter <a href="/wiki/Princess_Pilar_of_Bavaria" title="Princess Pilar of Bavaria">Pilar</a>, in memory of her beloved sister. Thus, she introduced a Spanish name in the house of <a href="/wiki/Wittelsbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Wittelsbach">Wittelsbach</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Titles,_styles_and_honours"><span id="Titles.2C_styles_and_honours"></span>Titles, styles and honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Pilar_of_Spain&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Titles, styles and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>4 June 1861 – 5 August 1879: <i>Her Royal Highness</i> Infanta María del Pilar of Spain</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Spain)" title="Restoration (Spain)"><img alt="Restoration (Spain)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span>: Dame Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Queen_Maria_Luisa" title="Order of Queen Maria Luisa">Order of Queen Maria Luisa</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Pilar_of_Spain&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Pilar_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Infanta María del Pilar of Spain">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1268078990">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px;border-left:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px;border-left:var(--color-base,#000)solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Infanta María del Pilar of Spain</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV of Spain</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Infante_Francisco_de_Paula_of_Spain" title="Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain">Francisco de Paula of Spain</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa_of_Parma" title="Maria Luisa of Parma">Maria Luisa of Parma</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Francis,_Duke_of_C%C3%A1diz" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis, Duke of Cádiz">Francisco de Asís of Spain</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Francis I of the Two Sicilies">Francis I of the Two Sicilies</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Luisa_Carlotta_of_Naples_and_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Luisa Carlotta of Naples and Sicily">Luisa Carlotta of the Two Sicilies</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">11. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Isabella_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Isabella of Spain">Maria Isabella of Spain</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Infanta María del Pilar of Spain</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV of Spain</a> (= 8)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VII of Spain">Ferdinand VII of Spain</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa_of_Parma" title="Maria Luisa of Parma">Maria Luisa of Parma</a> (= 9)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella II of Spain">Isabella II of Spain</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Francis I of the Two Sicilies">Francis I of the Two Sicilies</a> (= 10)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Christina_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies">Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Isabella_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Isabella of Spain">Maria Isabella of Spain</a> (= 11)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Pilar_of_Spain&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Rubio_187-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rubio_187_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rubio, <i> </i>La Chata<i>, p. 187.</i></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Pilar_of_Spain&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Aronson, Theo. <i>Venganza real: la Corona de España, 1829–1965</i>. Ed.Grijalbo, 1968.</li> <li>Baviera, S.A.R. Princesa Pilar de; Chapman-Huston, Comandante Desmond. <i>Alfonso XIII.</i> Col. "Z"</li> <li>Infanta Paz. <i>Cuatro revoluciones e intemedios: Setenta años de mi vida</i>. Espasa-Calpe, Madrid, 1935.</li> <li>Infanta Eulalia; <i>Memorias de Doña Eulalia de Borbón, Infanta de España (1864–1931</i>). Ed. Juventud, 1954.</li> <li>Rubio, María José. <i>La Chata: La Infanta Isabel de Borbón y la Corona de España</i>. Madrid, La Esfera de los Libros, 2003. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Infantas_of_Spain458" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infantas_of_Spain" title="Template:Infantas of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infantas_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Infantas of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infantas_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infantas of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Infantas_of_Spain458" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Infante" title="Infante">Infantas of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Generations indicate descent from <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Carlos I</a>, under whom the crowns of Castile and Aragon were united, forming the Kingdom of Spain.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Austria,_Holy_Roman_Empress" title="Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress">María, Holy Roman Empress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Austria,_Princess_of_Portugal" title="Joanna of Austria, Princess of Portugal">Joanna, Princess of Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Clara_Eugenia" title="Isabella Clara Eugenia">Isabel Clara Eugenia, Duchess of Brabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalina_Micaela_of_Spain" title="Catalina Micaela of Spain">Catalina Micaela, Duchess of Savoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria" title="Anne of Austria">Ana, Queen of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Maria_of_Spain_(1603)" title="Infanta Maria of Spain (1603)">Infanta María</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Spain" title="Maria Anna of Spain">María Ana, Holy Roman Empress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Margarita_of_Spain_(1610%E2%80%931617)" title="Infanta Margarita of Spain (1610–1617)">Infanta Margarita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Spain" title="Maria Theresa of Spain">María Teresa, Queen of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Theresa_of_Spain" title="Margaret Theresa of Spain">Margarita Teresa, Holy Roman Empress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_Victoria_of_Spain" title="Mariana Victoria of Spain">Mariana Victoria, Queen of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_Rafaela_of_Spain" title="María Teresa Rafaela of Spain">María Teresa Rafaela, Dauphine of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Antonia_Ferdinanda_of_Spain" title="Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain">María Antonia Fernanda, Queen of Sardinia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_Josefa_of_Spain" title="Infanta María Josefa of Spain">Infanta María Josefa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa_of_Spain" title="Maria Luisa of Spain">María Luisa, Holy Roman Empress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Isabella_of_Parma" title="Princess Isabella of Parma">Isabella, Archduchess Joseph of Austria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlota_Joaquina_of_Spain" title="Carlota Joaquina of Spain">Carlota Joaquina, Queen of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_Amalia_of_Spain_(1779%E2%80%931798)" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta María Amalia of Spain (1779–1798)">María Amalia, Infanta Antonio Pascual of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa,_Duchess_of_Lucca" title="Maria Luisa, Duchess of Lucca">María Luisa, Queen of Etruria and Duchess of Lucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Isabella_of_Spain" title="María Isabella of Spain">María Isabel, Queen of the Two Sicilies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_II" title="Isabella II">Queen Isabel II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Luisa_Fernanda,_Duchess_of_Montpensier" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Luisa Fernanda, Duchess of Montpensier">Infanta Luisa Fernanda, Duchess of Montpensier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Isabel_Fernanda_of_Spain" title="Infanta Isabel Fernanda of Spain">Isabel Fernanda, Countess Ignaz Gurowski</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Luisa_Teresa_of_Spain" title="Infanta Luisa Teresa of Spain">Infanta Luisa Teresa, Duchess of Sessa</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Josefa_Fernanda_of_Spain" title="Infanta Josefa Fernanda of Spain">Infanta Josefa Fernanda, Mrs. José Guëll</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_Cristina_of_Spain_(1833%E2%80%931902)" title="Infanta María Cristina of Spain (1833–1902)">María Cristina, Infanta Sebastian of Portugal and Spain</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Amalia_of_Spain" title="Infanta Amalia of Spain">Amalia, Princess Adalbert of Bavaria</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Luisa_Carlota_of_Parma" title="Princess Maria Luisa Carlota of Parma">María Luisa Carlota, Hereditary Princess of Saxony</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Isabel,_Countess_of_Girgenti" title="Infanta Isabel, Countess of Girgenti">Infanta Isabel, Countess of Girgenti</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Infanta María del Pilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_de_la_Paz_of_Spain" title="Infanta María de la Paz of Spain">María de la Paz, Princess Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Eulalia_of_Spain" title="Infanta Eulalia of Spain">Infanta Eulalia, Duchess of Galliera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Isabelle_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Princess Marie Isabelle of Orléans">Infanta María Isabel, Countess of Paris</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Amelia_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Princess Maria Amelia of Orléans">Infanta Maria Amelia</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Mar%C3%ADa_Cristina_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Princess María Cristina of Orléans">Infanta María Cristina</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Mercedes of Orléans">Maria de las Mercedes, Queen of Spain</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Mercedes,_Princess_of_Asturias" title="María de las Mercedes, Princess of Asturias">Maria de las Mercedes, Princess of Asturias and Princess Carlos of Bourbon-Two-Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_of_Spain" title="Infanta María Teresa of Spain">María Teresa, Princess Ferdinand of Bavaria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Beatriz_of_Spain" title="Infanta Beatriz of Spain">Infanta Beatriz, Princess of Citivella-Cesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_Cristina_of_Spain" title="Infanta María Cristina of Spain">Infanta María Cristina, Countess Marone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Isabel_Alfonsa_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies" title="Princess Isabel Alfonsa of Bourbon-Two Sicilies">Isabel Alfonsa, Countess Jan Kanty Zamoyski</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Mercedes_of_Spain_(1911%E2%80%931953)" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta María de las Mercedes of Spain (1911–1953)">Maria de las Mercedes, Princess Irakli Bagration of Mukhrani</a> *</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Pilar,_Duchess_of_Badajoz" title="Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz">Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz and Viscountess of La Torre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Margarita,_Duchess_of_Soria" title="Infanta Margarita, Duchess of Soria">Infanta Margarita, Duchess of Soria and Hernani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Elena,_Duchess_of_Lugo" title="Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo">Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Cristina_of_Spain" title="Infanta Cristina of Spain">Infanta Cristina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonor,_Princess_of_Asturias" title="Leonor, Princess of Asturias">Leonor, Princess of Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Sof%C3%ADa_of_Spain" title="Infanta Sofía of Spain">Infanta Sofía</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>*title granted by Royal Decree</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox445" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span 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