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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Middle Ages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Modern Age </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capital_of_the_Liberal_State" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capital_of_the_Liberal_State"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Capital of the Liberal State </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capital_of_the_Liberal_State-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Republic_and_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Republic_and_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Second Republic and Civil War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Republic_and_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Francoist_dictatorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Francoist_dictatorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Francoist dictatorship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Francoist_dictatorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Recent history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Location </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_forests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_forests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Parks and forests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_forests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Water supply </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Government </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_government_and_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government_and_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Local government and administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government_and_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capital_of_Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capital_of_Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Capital of Spain </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capital_of_Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_capital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_capital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Regional capital </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_capital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_enforcement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_enforcement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Law enforcement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_enforcement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Administrative subdivisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economic_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Economic history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Present-day_economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Present-day_economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Present-day economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Present-day_economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Standard_of_living" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standard_of_living"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Standard of living </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standard_of_living-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Employment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.2 Employment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.3 Services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.4 Industry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.5 Construction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.6 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_rankings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_rankings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.7 International rankings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_rankings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_and_entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_and_entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Media and entertainment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_and_entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums_and_cultural_centres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums_and_cultural_centres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Museums and cultural centres </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums_and_cultural_centres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nightlife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nightlife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Nightlife </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nightlife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bohemian_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bohemian_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 Bohemian culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bohemian_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classical_music_and_opera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_music_and_opera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.8 Classical music and opera </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_music_and_opera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feasts_and_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feasts_and_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.9 Feasts and festivals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feasts_and_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-San_Isidro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#San_Isidro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.9.1 San Isidro </div> </a> <ul id="toc-San_Isidro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBT_pride" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_pride"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.9.2 LGBT pride </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_pride-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.9.3 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bullfighting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bullfighting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.10 Bullfighting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bullfighting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.11 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.11.1 Football </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basketball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basketball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.11.2 Basketball </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basketball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.11.3 Events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formula_1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formula_1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.11.4 Formula 1 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formula_1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Universities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Business schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Transport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Road transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Public transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Long-distance_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Long-distance_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Long-distance transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Long-distance_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Airport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 International relations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle International relations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diplomacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diplomacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Diplomacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diplomacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 International organizations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Twin towns and sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Union_of_Ibero-American_Capital_Cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Union_of_Ibero-American_Capital_Cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Union_of_Ibero-American_Capital_Cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_city_partnerships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_city_partnerships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.5 Other city partnerships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_city_partnerships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partnerships_with_international_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnerships_with_international_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.6 Partnerships with international organizations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnerships_with_international_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Honours </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.3 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Madrid</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 247 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-247" aria-hidden="true" > 247 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%B5" title="ማድሪድ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማድሪድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="مدريد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدريد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrit" title="Madrit – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Madrit" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%95%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%95_(%DC%A1%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%AC%DC%90)" title="ܡܕܪܝܕ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ) – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܕܪܝܕ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BF" title="Մատրիտ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մատրիտ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="مادرید – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مادرید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6" title="মাদ্রিদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাদ্রিদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4" title="Мадрыд – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мадрыд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4" title="Мадрыд – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мадрыд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1" title="मैड्रिड – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मैड्रिड" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="མ་ད་རིད། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མ་ད་རིད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="مدريد – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مدريد" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3_H%C3%A1%C3%A1l%C4%AF%CC%81_(Naakaii_%C5%81ib%C3%A1h%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah)" title="Tó Háálį́ (Naakaii Łibáhí Bikéyah) – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tó Háálį́ (Naakaii Łibáhí Bikéyah)" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B7" title="Μαδρίτη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαδρίτη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madr%C3%ACd" title="Madrìd – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Madrìd" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Мадрид ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Мадрид ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrido" title="Madrido – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Madrido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mairil" title="Mairil – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Mairil" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madril" title="Madril – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Madril" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="مادرید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مادرید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maidrid" title="Maidrid – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Maidrid" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="مادريد – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="مادريد" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐌼𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6" title="माद्रिद – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="माद्रिद" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C" title="마드리드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마드리드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makelika" title="Makelika – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Makelika" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A4" title="Մադրիդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մադրիդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6" title="मद्रिद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मद्रिद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madr%C3%ADd" title="Madríd – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Madríd" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93" title="מדריד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדריד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maadiriidi" title="Maadiriidi – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Maadiriidi" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kalaallisut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮಡ್ರಿಡ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಡ್ರಿಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მადრიდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მადრიდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrit" title="Madrit – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Madrit" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madr%C3%AEd" title="Madrîd – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Madrîd" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matritum" title="Matritum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Matritum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madride" title="Madride – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Madride" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madridas" title="Madridas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Madridas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid_(stad)" title="Madrid (stad) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Madrid (stad)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madridu" title="Madridu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Madridu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="മാഡ്രിഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാഡ്രിഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6" title="माद्रिद – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="माद्रिद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მადრიდი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მადრიდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="مدريد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مدريد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="مادرید – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مادرید" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="မာဒရစ်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မာဒရစ်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid_(stad)" title="Madrid (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Madrid (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medrid" title="Medrid – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Medrid" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1" title="म्याड्रिड – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="म्याड्रिड" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="माद्री – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="माद्री" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="マドリード – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マドリード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madri" title="Madri – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Madri" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A1%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A6" title="ମାଡ୍ରିଦ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମାଡ୍ରିଦ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A6" title="ਮਾਦਰੀਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਦਰੀਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="مادرید – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مادرید" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="مادرید – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مادرید" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majrid,_Spien" title="Majrid, Spien – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Majrid, Spien" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madryt" title="Madryt – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Madryt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B4" title="Мадрід – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Мадрід" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma-te-li" title="Ma-te-li – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Ma-te-li" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D" title="मद्रिद् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मद्रिद्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%BD%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱢᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤᱫᱽ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤᱫᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madridi" title="Madridi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Madridi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" title="මැඩ්රිඩ් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මැඩ්රිඩ්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%DA%8A%D8%B1%DA%8A" title="ميڊرڊ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ميڊرڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8A" title="Мадридъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Мадридъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madryt" title="Madryt – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Madryt" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="مەدرید – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەدرید" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D" title="மத்ரித் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மத்ரித்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D" title="మాడ్రిడ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మాడ్రిడ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madr%C3%ADd" title="Madríd – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Madríd" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94" title="มาดริด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มาดริด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%B5" title="ማድሪድ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ማድሪድ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mataliti" title="Mataliti – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Mataliti" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tshivenda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мадрид – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мадрид" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="میدرد – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میدرد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C" title="馬德里 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="馬德里" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Madrid" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%82" title="马德里市 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" 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.geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Madrid&params=40_25_01_N_03_42_12_W_region:ES-M_type:city(3223334)">40°25′01″N 03°42′12″W / 40.41694°N 3.70333°W / 40.41694; -3.70333</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital and largest city of Spain</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the capital city of Spain. For the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous community">autonomous community</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Madrid_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Madrid (disambiguation)">Madrid (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city and municipality in Community of Madrid, Spain</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Madrid</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Spain" title="Municipalities of Spain">municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:141px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Madrid_-_Sky_Bar_360%C2%BA_(Hotel_Riu_Plaza_Espa%C3%B1a),_vistas_19.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Madrid_-_Sky_Bar_360%C2%BA_%28Hotel_Riu_Plaza_Espa%C3%B1a%29%2C_vistas_19.jpg/268px-Madrid_-_Sky_Bar_360%C2%BA_%28Hotel_Riu_Plaza_Espa%C3%B1a%29%2C_vistas_19.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Madrid_-_Sky_Bar_360%C2%BA_%28Hotel_Riu_Plaza_Espa%C3%B1a%29%2C_vistas_19.jpg/402px-Madrid_-_Sky_Bar_360%C2%BA_%28Hotel_Riu_Plaza_Espa%C3%B1a%29%2C_vistas_19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Madrid_-_Sky_Bar_360%C2%BA_%28Hotel_Riu_Plaza_Espa%C3%B1a%29%2C_vistas_19.jpg/536px-Madrid_-_Sky_Bar_360%C2%BA_%28Hotel_Riu_Plaza_Espa%C3%B1a%29%2C_vistas_19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4422" data-file-height="2328" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Madrid" title="List of tallest buildings in Madrid">Skyline of Madrid</a> from <a href="/wiki/Edificio_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Edificio España">Edificio España</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Puerta_de_Alcal%C3%A1,_Madrid,_Espa%C3%B1a,_2017-05-18,_DD_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Puerta_de_Alcal%C3%A1%2C_Madrid%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2017-05-18%2C_DD_14.jpg/134px-Puerta_de_Alcal%C3%A1%2C_Madrid%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2017-05-18%2C_DD_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Puerta_de_Alcal%C3%A1%2C_Madrid%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2017-05-18%2C_DD_14.jpg/201px-Puerta_de_Alcal%C3%A1%2C_Madrid%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2017-05-18%2C_DD_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Puerta_de_Alcal%C3%A1%2C_Madrid%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2017-05-18%2C_DD_14.jpg/268px-Puerta_de_Alcal%C3%A1%2C_Madrid%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2017-05-18%2C_DD_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5923" data-file-height="3851" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Puerta_de_Alcal%C3%A1" title="Puerta de Alcalá">Puerta de Alcalá</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaza_Mayor_De_Madrid_(215862629)_edited.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Plaza_Mayor_De_Madrid_%28215862629%29_edited.jpeg/130px-Plaza_Mayor_De_Madrid_%28215862629%29_edited.jpeg" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Plaza_Mayor_De_Madrid_%28215862629%29_edited.jpeg/195px-Plaza_Mayor_De_Madrid_%28215862629%29_edited.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Plaza_Mayor_De_Madrid_%28215862629%29_edited.jpeg/260px-Plaza_Mayor_De_Madrid_%28215862629%29_edited.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1817" data-file-height="1211" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Plaza_Mayor_(Madrid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaza Mayor (Madrid)">Plaza Mayor</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Gran_V%C3%ADa_(Madrid)_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gran_V%C3%ADa_%28Madrid%29_1.jpg/132px-Gran_V%C3%ADa_%28Madrid%29_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gran_V%C3%ADa_%28Madrid%29_1.jpg/198px-Gran_V%C3%ADa_%28Madrid%29_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gran_V%C3%ADa_%28Madrid%29_1.jpg/264px-Gran_V%C3%ADa_%28Madrid%29_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4310" data-file-height="2868" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Gran_V%C3%ADa,_Madrid" title="Gran Vía, Madrid">Gran Vía</a> and <a href="/wiki/Callao_Square" title="Callao Square">Callao</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_46.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_46.jpg/132px-Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_46.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_46.jpg/198px-Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_46.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_46.jpg/264px-Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_46.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Cybele_Palace" title="Cybele Palace">Municipal Hall</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:112px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Palaciorealycatedraldelaalmudena_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Palaciorealycatedraldelaalmudena_retouched.jpg/268px-Palaciorealycatedraldelaalmudena_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Palaciorealycatedraldelaalmudena_retouched.jpg/402px-Palaciorealycatedraldelaalmudena_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Palaciorealycatedraldelaalmudena_retouched.jpg/536px-Palaciorealycatedraldelaalmudena_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4306" data-file-height="1812" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Madrid" title="Royal Palace of Madrid">Royal Palace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Almudena_Cathedral" title="Almudena Cathedral">Almudena Cathedral</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandera_de_la_ciudad_de_Madrid.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Madrid"><img alt="Flag of Madrid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bandera_de_la_ciudad_de_Madrid.svg/110px-Bandera_de_la_ciudad_de_Madrid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bandera_de_la_ciudad_de_Madrid.svg/165px-Bandera_de_la_ciudad_de_Madrid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bandera_de_la_ciudad_de_Madrid.svg/220px-Bandera_de_la_ciudad_de_Madrid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_City_of_Madrid" title="Flag of the City of Madrid">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_Madrid.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Madrid"><img alt="Coat of arms of Madrid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Escudo_de_Madrid.svg/70px-Escudo_de_Madrid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Escudo_de_Madrid.svg/105px-Escudo_de_Madrid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Escudo_de_Madrid.svg/140px-Escudo_de_Madrid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="400" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Madrid" title="Coat of arms of Madrid">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="9" data-lat="40.45" data-lon="-3.69" data-overlays="["_a2ff93d5a963bf768ae9223cd97955f4dc31e032"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/9/40.45/-3.69/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,40.45,-3.69,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Madrid&revid=1258759466&groups=_a2ff93d5a963bf768ae9223cd97955f4dc31e032" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,40.45,-3.69,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Madrid&revid=1258759466&groups=_a2ff93d5a963bf768ae9223cd97955f4dc31e032 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Madrid</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Spain.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Madrid is located in Spain"><img alt="Madrid is located in Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Relief_Map_of_Spain.png/250px-Relief_Map_of_Spain.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Relief_Map_of_Spain.png/375px-Relief_Map_of_Spain.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Relief_Map_of_Spain.png/500px-Relief_Map_of_Spain.png 2x" data-file-width="1197" data-file-height="1027" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.062%;left:42.154%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Madrid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Madrid</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of Spain</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Madrid is located in Europe"><img alt="Madrid is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/250px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/375px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/500px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1351" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:83.571%;left:12.454%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Madrid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Madrid</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of Europe</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:World_location_map_(equirectangular_180).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Madrid is located in Earth"><img alt="Madrid is located in Earth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/250px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/375px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/500px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2521" data-file-height="1260" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.546%;left:48.971%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Madrid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Madrid</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of Earth</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Madrid&params=40_25_01_N_03_42_12_W_region:ES-M_type:city(3223334)">40°25′01″N 03°42′12″W / 40.41694°N 3.70333°W / 40.41694; -3.70333</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous community</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">9th century</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ayuntamiento_(Spain)" title="Ayuntamiento (Spain)">Ayuntamiento</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/City_Council_of_Madrid" title="City Council of Madrid">City Council of Madrid</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Madrid" title="Mayor of Madrid">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Mart%C3%ADnez-Almeida" title="José Luis Martínez-Almeida">José Luis Martínez-Almeida</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">PP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Spain" title="Municipalities of Spain">municipality</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">604.31 km2 (233.33 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">650 m (2,130 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2018)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Spain" title="Municipalities of Spain">municipality</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,223,334</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_cities_by_population_within_city_limits" title="List of European cities by population within city limits">2nd</a> in the European Union <a href="/wiki/Ranked_lists_of_Spanish_municipalities" title="Ranked lists of Spanish municipalities">1st</a> in Spain</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">5,300/km2 (14,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,211,000<a href="#cite_note-demographia-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,791,667<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Madrilenian, Madrilene madrileño, -ña; matritense, gato, -a</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Spain" title="Municipalities of Spain">municipality</a></th><td class="infobox-data">€135.6 billion (2020)<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro</th><td class="infobox-data">€261.7 billion (2022)<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (CET)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (CEST)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_code" title="Postal code">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">28001–28080</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+34 (<a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">ES</a>) + 91 (<a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">M</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2021)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.940<a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-7">[7]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>very high · <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by Human Development Index">1st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://madrid.es">https://madrid.es</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Madrid (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/məˈdrɪd/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b7\/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Madrid.wav\/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Madrid.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Madrid.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Madrid.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Madrid.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-Madrid.wav" title="File:LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Madrid.wav">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">mə-DRID</a>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Spanish: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[maˈðɾið]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/75\/Pronunciation_of_Madrid_in_Spanish.ogg\/Pronunciation_of_Madrid_in_Spanish.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pronunciation of Madrid in Spanish.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/Pronunciation_of_Madrid_in_Spanish.ogg/Pronunciation_of_Madrid_in_Spanish.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Pronunciation_of_Madrid_in_Spanish.ogg" title="File:Pronunciation of Madrid in Spanish.ogg">ⓘ</a>)<a href="#cite_note-10">[n. 1]</a> is the capital and <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest cities in Spain">most populous municipality of Spain</a>. It has almost 3.4 million<a href="#cite_note-ine-11">[10]</a> inhabitants and a <a href="/wiki/Madrid_metropolitan_area" title="Madrid metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> population of approximately 7 million. It is the <a href="/wiki/Largest_cities_of_the_European_Union_by_population_within_city_limits" class="mw-redirect" title="Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits">second-largest city</a> in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU), and its <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/monocentric" class="extiw" title="wikt:monocentric">monocentric</a> <a href="/wiki/Madrid_metropolitan_area" title="Madrid metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Europe_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan areas in Europe by population">second-largest</a> in the EU.<a href="#cite_note-demographia-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation.de-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-un.org-13">[12]</a> The municipality covers 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi) geographical area.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> Madrid lies on the <a href="/wiki/Manzanares_(river)" title="Manzanares (river)">River Manzanares</a> in the central part of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> at about 650 meters above mean sea level. The capital city of both Spain and the surrounding <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">autonomous community of Madrid</a> (since 1983),<a href="#cite_note-Moreno-Fernández-15">[14]</a>: 44  it is also the political, economic, and cultural centre of the country.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Madrid" title="Climate of Madrid">climate of Madrid</a> features hot summers and cool winters. The primitive core of Madrid, a walled military outpost, dates back to the late 9th century, under the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Córdoba">Emirate of Córdoba</a>. Conquered by Christians in 1083 or 1085, it consolidated in the Late Middle Ages as a sizeable town of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a>. The development of Madrid as administrative centre fostered after 1561, as it became the permanent seat of the court of the <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_Monarchy_(political_entity)" title="Hispanic Monarchy (political entity)">Hispanic Monarchy</a>. The Madrid urban agglomeration has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDP" title="List of cities by GDP">fourth-largest GDP</a> in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and its influence in <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">politics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">entertainment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Built_environment" title="Built environment">environment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">media</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">fashion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts">arts</a> all contribute to its status as one of the world's major <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">global cities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GaWC-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-mori-m-foundation.or.jp-18">[17]</a> Madrid is considered the major financial centre<a href="#cite_note-GFCI-19">[18]</a> and the leading economic hub of the Iberian Peninsula and of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mastercard.com-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-mori-m-foundation.or.jp-18">[17]</a> The metropolitan area hosts major Spanish companies such as <a href="/wiki/Telef%C3%B3nica" title="Telefónica">Telefónica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iberia_(airline)" title="Iberia (airline)">Iberia</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBVA" class="mw-redirect" title="BBVA">BBVA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fomento_de_Construcciones_y_Contratas" class="mw-redirect" title="Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas">FCC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Moreno-Fernández-15">[14]</a>: 45  It concentrates the bulk of banking operations in the country and it is the Spanish-speaking city generating the largest number of webpages.<a href="#cite_note-Moreno-Fernández-15">[14]</a>: 45  Madrid houses the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a>'s <a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Tourism Organization">World Tourism Organization</a> (UNWTO), the <a href="/wiki/Ibero-American_General_Secretariat" title="Ibero-American General Secretariat">Ibero-American General Secretariat</a> (SEGIB), the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ibero-American_States" title="Organization of Ibero-American States">Organization of Ibero-American States</a> (OEI), and the <a href="/wiki/Public_Interest_Oversight_Board" title="Public Interest Oversight Board">Public Interest Oversight Board</a> (PIOB). It also hosts major international regulators and promoters of the Spanish language: the Standing Committee of the Association of Spanish Language Academies, headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Spanish_Academy" title="Royal Spanish Academy">Royal Spanish Academy</a> (RAE), the <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Cervantes" title="Instituto Cervantes">Instituto Cervantes</a> and the Foundation of Urgent Spanish (<a href="/wiki/Fund%C3%A9u" title="Fundéu">Fundéu</a>RAE). Madrid organises fairs such as FITUR,<a href="#cite_note-FITUR-21">[20]</a> ARCO,<a href="#cite_note-ARCO-22">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/SIMO_TCI" title="SIMO TCI">SIMO TCI</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Fashion_Week" title="Madrid Fashion Week">Madrid Fashion Week</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> Madrid is home to two world-famous <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> clubs, <a href="/wiki/Real_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Madrid">Real Madrid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atl%C3%A9tico_Madrid" title="Atlético Madrid">Atlético Madrid</a>. While Madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets. Its landmarks include the <a href="/wiki/Plaza_Mayor,_Madrid" title="Plaza Mayor, Madrid">Plaza Mayor</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Madrid" title="Royal Palace of Madrid">Royal Palace of Madrid</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Real" title="Teatro Real">Royal Theatre</a> with its restored 1850 Opera House; the <a href="/wiki/Buen_Retiro_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Buen Retiro Park">Buen Retiro Park</a>, founded in 1631; the 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">National Library</a> building (founded in 1712) containing some of Spain's historical archives; many national museums,<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Triangle_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Triangle of Art">Golden Triangle of Art</a>, located along the <a href="/wiki/Paseo_del_Prado" title="Paseo del Prado">Paseo del Prado</a> and comprising three art museums: <a href="/wiki/Museo_del_Prado" title="Museo del Prado">Prado Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Museo_Nacional_Centro_de_Arte_Reina_Sof%C3%ADa" title="Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía">Reina Sofía Museum</a>, a museum of <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">modern art</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Thyssen-Bornemisza_Museum" title="Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum">Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum</a>, which complements the holdings of the other two museums.<a href="#cite_note-Overview_of_Madrid-26">[25]</a> The mayor is <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Mart%C3%ADnez-Almeida" title="José Luis Martínez-Almeida">José Luis Martínez-Almeida</a> from the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">People's Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> The origin of the name is unknown. There are various theories regarding the origin of the toponym "Madrid" (all of them with problems when it comes to fully explaining the phonetic evolution of the toponym), namely:<a href="#cite_note-Orozco-28">[27]</a> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Continental_Celtic_languages" title="Continental Celtic languages">Celtic</a> origin (Madrid < *Magetoritum;<a href="#cite_note-Orozco-28">[27]</a>: 701  with the root "-ritu" meaning "<a href="/wiki/Ford_(crossing)" title="Ford (crossing)">ford</a>").</li> <li>From the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> maǧrà / majrā (meaning "water stream")<a href="#cite_note-Orozco-28">[27]</a>: 701  or <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: ‏<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%BB#Arabic" class="extiw" title="wikt:مجريػ">مجريػ</a>‎, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: mayrit, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> '"spring", "fountain"'.<a href="#cite_note-Khayat-29">[28]</a></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Andalusi_Romance" title="Andalusi Romance">Mozarabic</a> variant of the Latin <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/matrix#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:matrix">matrix</a>, matricis (also meaning "water stream").<a href="#cite_note-Orozco-28">[27]</a>: 701 </li></ul> Nicknames for Madrid include the plural Los Madriles<a href="#cite_note-CVC-30">[29]</a> and La Villa y Corte (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'the town and <a href="/wiki/Royal_court" title="Royal court">court</a>'). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Madrid" title="History of Madrid">History of Madrid</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Madrid" title="Timeline of Madrid">Timeline of Madrid</a>.</div> The site of modern-day Madrid has been occupied since prehistoric times,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> and there are archaeological remains of the <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic</a> <a href="/wiki/Carpetani" title="Carpetani">Carpetani</a> settlement, <a href="/wiki/Roman_villa" title="Roman villa">Roman villas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Visigoth" class="mw-redirect" title="Visigoth">Visigoth</a> basilica near the church of Santa María de la Almudena<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> and three Visigoth necropolises near Casa de Campo, Tetuán and Vicálvaro.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Middle Ages">edit</a>]</div> The first historical document about the existence of an established settlement in Madrid dates from the <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> age. In the second half of the 9th century,<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Córdoba">Umayyad</a> Emir <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_I_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Muhammad I of Córdoba">Muhammad I</a> built a fortress on a headland near the river <a href="/wiki/Manzanares_(river)" title="Manzanares (river)">Manzanares</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> as one of the many fortresses he ordered to be built on the border between <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a> and the kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Kingdom of León">León</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a>, with the objective of protecting <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a> from the Christian reconquests and also as a starting point for Muslim offensives. After the disintegration of the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Caliphate of Córdoba</a> in the early 11th century, Madrid was integrated in the <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Toledo" title="Taifa of Toledo">Taifa of Toledo</a>. In the context of the wider campaign for the conquest of the taifa of Toledo initiated in 1079, Madrid was seized in 1083 by <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VI_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Alfonso VI of León and Castile">Alfonso VI of León and Castile</a>, who sought to use the town as an offensive outpost against the city of Toledo,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahamonde_MagroOtero_Carvajal19899-39">[38]</a> in turn conquered in 1085. Following the conquest, Christians occupied the center of the city, while Muslims and Jews were displaced to the suburbs. Madrid, located near <a href="/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_de_Henares" title="Alcalá de Henares">Alcalá</a> (under Muslim control until 1118), remained a borderland for a while, suffering a number of <a href="/wiki/Razzia_(military)" title="Razzia (military)">razzias</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Almoravid" class="mw-redirect" title="Almoravid">Almoravid</a> period, and its walls were destroyed in 1110.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahamonde_MagroOtero_Carvajal19899-39">[38]</a> The city was confirmed as villa de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Realengo_(legal_status)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Realengo (legal status) (page does not exist)">realengo</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/realengo" class="extiw" title="es:realengo">es</a>] (linked to the Crown) in 1123, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VII_of_Le%C3%B3n_and_Castile" title="Alfonso VII of León and Castile">Alfonso VII</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECestero_ManceraMolina_MartosParedes_García201518-40">[39]</a> The 1123 Charter of Otorgamiento established the first explicit limits between Madrid and Segovia, namely the Puerto de El Berrueco and the Puerto de Lozoya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECerrillo_Torquemada2009245-41">[40]</a> Beginning in 1188, Madrid had the right to be a city with representation in the courts of Castile.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 1202, <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VIII_of_Castile" title="Alfonso VIII of Castile">Alfonso VIII</a> gave Madrid its first charter to regulate the municipal council,<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> which was expanded in 1222 by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand III of Castile">Ferdinand III</a>. The government system of the town was changed to a <a href="/wiki/Regimiento" title="Regimiento">regimiento</a> of 12 <a href="/wiki/Regidor" title="Regidor">regidores</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XI_of_Castile" title="Alfonso XI of Castile">Alfonso XI</a> on 6 January 1346.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuárez_Fernández2001137-43">[42]</a> Starting in the mid-13th century and up to the late 14th century, the concejo of Madrid vied for the control of the Real de Manzanares territory against the concejo of <a href="/wiki/Segovia" title="Segovia">Segovia</a>, a powerful town north of the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_Guadarrama" title="Sierra de Guadarrama">Sierra de Guadarrama</a> mountain range, characterised by its repopulating prowess and its husbandry-based economy, contrasted with the agricultural and less repopulated town of Madrid.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahamonde_MagroOtero_Carvajal198911–12-44">[43]</a> After the decline of <a href="/wiki/Sep%C3%BAlveda,_Segovia" title="Sepúlveda, Segovia">Sepúlveda</a>, another concejo north of the mountain range, Segovia had become a major actor south of the Guadarrama mountains, expanding across the <a href="/wiki/Lozoya_(river)" title="Lozoya (river)">Lozoya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manzanares_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Manzanares River">Manzanares</a> rivers to the north of Madrid and along the <a href="/wiki/Guadarrama_(river)" title="Guadarrama (river)">Guadarrama river</a> course to its west.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahamonde_MagroOtero_Carvajal198911–12-44">[43]</a> In 1309, the Courts of Castile convened at Madrid for the first time under <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand IV of Castile">Ferdinand IV</a>, and later in 1329, 1339, 1391, 1393, 1419 and twice in 1435. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_Age">Modern Age</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern Age">edit</a>]</div> During the <a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Comuneros" title="Revolt of the Comuneros">revolt of the Comuneros</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Lopez_de_Padilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Lopez de Padilla">Juan Lopez de Padilla</a>, Madrid joined the revolt against <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, but after defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Villalar" title="Battle of Villalar">Battle of Villalar</a>, Madrid was besieged and occupied by the imperial troops. The city was however granted the titles of Coronada (Crowned) and Imperial. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dibujo_madrid_1562.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Dibujo_madrid_1562.JPG/800px-Dibujo_madrid_1562.JPG" decoding="async" width="800" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Dibujo_madrid_1562.JPG/1200px-Dibujo_madrid_1562.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Dibujo_madrid_1562.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1575" data-file-height="401" /></a><figcaption>View of Madrid from the west, facing the Puerta de la Vega. Drawing by <a href="/wiki/Anton_van_den_Wyngaerde" title="Anton van den Wyngaerde">Anton van den Wyngaerde</a>, 1562.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ba%C3%B1os_en_el_Manzanares_en_el_paraje_de_Molino_Quemado._Museo_de_Historia_de_Madrid_(detalle).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Ba%C3%B1os_en_el_Manzanares_en_el_paraje_de_Molino_Quemado._Museo_de_Historia_de_Madrid_%28detalle%29.JPG/220px-Ba%C3%B1os_en_el_Manzanares_en_el_paraje_de_Molino_Quemado._Museo_de_Historia_de_Madrid_%28detalle%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Ba%C3%B1os_en_el_Manzanares_en_el_paraje_de_Molino_Quemado._Museo_de_Historia_de_Madrid_%28detalle%29.JPG/330px-Ba%C3%B1os_en_el_Manzanares_en_el_paraje_de_Molino_Quemado._Museo_de_Historia_de_Madrid_%28detalle%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Ba%C3%B1os_en_el_Manzanares_en_el_paraje_de_Molino_Quemado._Museo_de_Historia_de_Madrid_%28detalle%29.JPG/440px-Ba%C3%B1os_en_el_Manzanares_en_el_paraje_de_Molino_Quemado._Museo_de_Historia_de_Madrid_%28detalle%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Baths in the Manzanares in the place of Molino Quemado (detail), by <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Castello" title="Félix Castello">Félix Castello</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1634–1637)</figcaption></figure> The number of urban inhabitants grew from 4,060 in the year 1530 to 37,500 in the year 1594. The poor population of the court was composed of ex-soldiers, foreigners, rogues and Ruanes, dissatisfied with the lack of food and high prices. In June 1561 <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Phillip II</a> set his court in Madrid, installing it in the old <a href="/wiki/Royal_Alcazar_of_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Alcazar of Madrid">alcázar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> Thanks to this, the city of Madrid became the political centre of the monarchy, being the capital of Spain except for a short period between 1601 and 1606, in which the Court was relocated to <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a> (and the Madrid population temporarily plummeted accordingly). Being the capital was decisive for the evolution of the city and influenced its fate and during the rest of the reign of Philip II, the population boomed, going up from about 18,000 in 1561 to 80,000 in 1598.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParsons200313-46">[45]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madrid_-_Calle_de_Alcal%C3%A1_in_18th-century_by_Antonio_Joli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Madrid_-_Calle_de_Alcal%C3%A1_in_18th-century_by_Antonio_Joli.jpg/220px-Madrid_-_Calle_de_Alcal%C3%A1_in_18th-century_by_Antonio_Joli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Madrid_-_Calle_de_Alcal%C3%A1_in_18th-century_by_Antonio_Joli.jpg/330px-Madrid_-_Calle_de_Alcal%C3%A1_in_18th-century_by_Antonio_Joli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Madrid_-_Calle_de_Alcal%C3%A1_in_18th-century_by_Antonio_Joli.jpg/440px-Madrid_-_Calle_de_Alcal%C3%A1_in_18th-century_by_Antonio_Joli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1132" data-file-height="728" /></a><figcaption>View of Calle de Alcalá in 1750 by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Joli" title="Antonio Joli">Antonio Joli</a></figcaption></figure> During the early 17th century, although Madrid recovered from the loss of the capital status, with the return of diplomats, lords and affluent people, as well as an entourage of noted writers and artists together with them, extreme poverty was however rampant.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> The century also was a time of heyday for theatre, represented in the so-called <a href="/wiki/Corral_de_comedias" title="Corral de comedias">corrales de comedias</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> The city changed hands several times during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_succession" class="mw-redirect" title="War of the Spanish succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a>: from the Bourbon control it passed to the allied "Austracist" army with Portuguese and English presence that <a href="/w/index.php?title=First_entry_of_Archduke_Charles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First entry of Archduke Charles (page does not exist)">entered the city in late June 1706</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_entrada_en_Madrid_del_archiduque_Carlos" class="extiw" title="es:Primera entrada en Madrid del archiduque Carlos">es</a>],<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> only to be retaken by the Bourbon army on 4 August 1706.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartínez_Pereira2008180-50">[49]</a> The Habsburg army led by the <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Archduke Charles</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_entry_of_Archduke_Charles_in_Madrid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second entry of Archduke Charles in Madrid (page does not exist)">entered the city for a second time</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_entrada_en_Madrid_del_archiduque_Carlos" class="extiw" title="es:Segunda entrada en Madrid del archiduque Carlos">es</a>] in September 1710,<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> leaving the city less than three months after. <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V</a> entered the capital on 3 December 1710.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuirós_Rosado2016308-52">[51]</a> Seeking to take advantage of the Madrid's location at the geographic centre of Spain, the 18th century saw a sustained effort to create a radial system of communications and transports for the country through public investments.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> Philip V built the Royal Palace, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Tapestry_Factory" title="Royal Tapestry Factory">Royal Tapestry Factory</a> and the main Royal Academies.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> The reign of <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III</a>, who came to be known as "the best mayor of Madrid", saw an effort to turn the city into a true capital, with the construction of sewers, street lighting, cemeteries outside the city and a number of monuments and cultural institutions. The reforms enacted by his Sicilian minister were however opposed in 1766 by the populace in the so-called <a href="/wiki/Esquilache_Riots" title="Esquilache Riots">Esquilache Riots</a>, a revolt demanding to repeal a clothing decree banning the use of traditional hats and <a href="/wiki/Spaniard_cloak" class="mw-redirect" title="Spaniard cloak">long cloaks</a> aiming to curb crime in the city.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg/220px-El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg/330px-El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg/440px-El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3051" data-file-height="2359" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Second_of_May_1808" title="The Second of May 1808">The Second of May 1808</a> by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco de Goya">Francisco de Goya</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dos_de_Mayo_Uprising" title="Dos de Mayo Uprising">Dos de Mayo Uprising</a></div> In the context of the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a>, the situation in French-occupied Madrid after March 1808 was becoming more and more tense. On 2 May, a crowd began to gather near the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Madrid" title="Royal Palace of Madrid">Royal Palace</a> protesting against the French attempt to evict the remaining members of the Bourbon royal family to <a href="/wiki/Bayonne" title="Bayonne">Bayonne</a>, prompting up an uprising against the French Imperial troops that lasted hours and spread throughout the city, including a famous last stand at the Monteleón barracks. Subsequent repression was brutal, with many insurgent Spaniards being <a href="/wiki/Summary_execution" title="Summary execution">summarily executed</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> The uprising led to a declaration of war calling all the Spaniards to fight against the French invaders. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capital_of_the_Liberal_State">Capital of the Liberal State</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Capital of the Liberal State">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plano_del_Ensanche_de_Madrid-1861.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Plano_del_Ensanche_de_Madrid-1861.jpg/220px-Plano_del_Ensanche_de_Madrid-1861.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Plano_del_Ensanche_de_Madrid-1861.jpg/330px-Plano_del_Ensanche_de_Madrid-1861.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Plano_del_Ensanche_de_Madrid-1861.jpg/440px-Plano_del_Ensanche_de_Madrid-1861.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6267" data-file-height="5664" /></a><figcaption>1861 map of the Ensanche de Madrid</figcaption></figure> The city was invaded on 24 May 1823 by a French army—the so-called <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Thousand_Sons_of_Saint_Louis" title="Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis">Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis</a>—called to intervene to restore the <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolutism</a> of Ferdinand that the latter had been deprived from during the <a href="/wiki/Trienio_liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Trienio liberal">1820–1823 trienio liberal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> Unlike other European capitals, during the first half of the 19th century the only noticeable bourgeois elements in Madrid (that experienced a delay in its industrial development up to that point) were merchants.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarcía_Ruiz2011192-58">[57]</a> The University of Alcalá de Henares was relocated to Madrid in 1836, becoming the <a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">Central University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> The economy of the city further modernized during the second half of the 19th century, consolidating its status as a service and financial centre. New industries were mostly focused in book publishing, construction and low-tech sectors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarcía_Ruiz2011193-60">[59]</a> The introduction of <a href="/wiki/Railway_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway transport">railway transport</a> greatly helped Madrid's economic prowess, and led to changes in consumption patterns (such as the substitution of salted fish for fresh fish from the Spanish coasts) as well as further strengthening the city's role as a <a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">logistics node</a> in the country's distribution network.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarcía_Ruiz2011194-61">[60]</a> Electric lighting in the streets was introduced in the 1890s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarcía_Ruiz2011194-61">[60]</a> During the first third of the 20th century the population nearly doubled, reaching more than 850,000 inhabitants. New suburbs such as Las Ventas, <a href="/wiki/Tetu%C3%A1n_(Madrid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetuán (Madrid)">Tetuán</a> and El Carmen became the homes of the influx of workers, while <a href="/wiki/Ensanche" title="Ensanche">Ensanche</a> became a middle-class neighbourhood of Madrid.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Republic_and_Civil_War">Second Republic and Civil War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Second Republic and Civil War">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Children_during_the_Madrid_bombing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Children_during_the_Madrid_bombing.jpg/170px-Children_during_the_Madrid_bombing.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Children_during_the_Madrid_bombing.jpg/255px-Children_during_the_Madrid_bombing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Children_during_the_Madrid_bombing.jpg/340px-Children_during_the_Madrid_bombing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="871" /></a><figcaption>Children taking refuge during the Francoist bombings (1936–1937) over Madrid during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1931" title="Spanish Constitution of 1931">Spanish Constitution of 1931</a> was the first to legislate the location of the country's capital, setting it explicitly in Madrid. During the 1930s, Madrid enjoyed "great vitality"; it was demographically young, becoming urbanized and the centre of new political movements.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> During this time, major construction projects were undertaken, including the northern extension of the <a href="/wiki/Paseo_de_la_Castellana" title="Paseo de la Castellana">Paseo de la Castellana</a>, one of Madrid's major thoroughfares.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonteroCervera_Gil200916-64">[63]</a> The tertiary sector, including banking, insurance and telephone services, grew greatly.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonteroCervera_Gil200920-65">[64]</a> Illiteracy rates were down to below 20%, and the city's cultural life grew notably during the so-called Silver Age of Spanish Culture; the sales of newspapers also increased.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonteroCervera_Gil200921-66">[65]</a> Conversely, the proclamation of the Republic created a severe housing shortage. Slums and squalor grew due to high population growth and the influx of the poor to the city. Construction of affordable housing failed to keep pace and increased political instability discouraged economic investment in housing in the years immediately prior to the Civil War.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonteroCervera_Gil200917;_18-67">[66]</a> Anti-clericalism and Catholicism lived side by side in Madrid; the <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_convents_in_Spain_(1931)" title="Burning of convents in Spain (1931)">burning of convents</a> initiated after riots in the city in May 1931 worsened the political environment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonteroCervera_Gil200925;_26-68">[67]</a> However, the <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_1934" title="Revolution of 1934">1934 insurrection</a> largely failed in the city.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonteroCervera_Gil200926-69">[68]</a> Madrid was one of the most heavily affected cities in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> (1936–1939). It was a stronghold of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Republican faction</a> from July 1936 and became an international symbol of <a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">anti-fascist</a> struggle during the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> The city suffered aerial bombing, and in November 1936, its western suburbs were the scene of an all-out battle.<a href="#cite_note-History_of_Madrid_2-71">[70]</a> The city fell to the Francoists in March 1939. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Madrid" title="Siege of Madrid">Siege of Madrid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republican_repression_in_Madrid_(1936%E2%80%931939)" title="Republican repression in Madrid (1936–1939)">Republican repression in Madrid (1936–1939)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Francoist_dictatorship">Francoist dictatorship</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Francoist dictatorship">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madrid,_Tetu%C3%A1n_1978_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Madrid%2C_Tetu%C3%A1n_1978_01.jpg/170px-Madrid%2C_Tetu%C3%A1n_1978_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Madrid%2C_Tetu%C3%A1n_1978_01.jpg/255px-Madrid%2C_Tetu%C3%A1n_1978_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Madrid%2C_Tetu%C3%A1n_1978_01.jpg/340px-Madrid%2C_Tetu%C3%A1n_1978_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="693" data-file-height="1029" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Calle_de_Bravo_Murillo" title="Calle de Bravo Murillo">calle de Bravo Murillo</a> in 1978</figcaption></figure> A staple of post-war Madrid (Madrid de la posguerra) was the widespread use of <a href="/wiki/Rationing" title="Rationing">ration coupons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarcía_BallesterosRevilla_González200616-72">[71]</a> Meat and fish consumption was scarce, resulting in high mortality due to malnutrition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarcía_BallesterosRevilla_González200617–18-73">[72]</a> Due to Madrid's history as a left-wing stronghold, the right-wing victors considered moving the capital elsewhere (most notably to <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>), but such plans were never implemented. The <a href="/wiki/Franco_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco regime">Franco regime</a> instead emphasized the city's history as the capital of formerly imperial Spain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaraldoRodríguez-López2019107–124-74">[73]</a> The intense demographic growth experienced by the city via mass immigration from the rural areas of the country led to the construction of abundant housing in the peripheral areas of the city to absorb the new population (reinforcing the processes of social polarization of the city),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELópez_Simón2018175-75">[74]</a> initially comprising substandard housing (with as many as 50,000 <a href="/wiki/Shack" title="Shack">shacks</a> scattered around the city by 1956).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELópez_Simón2018175;_178-76">[75]</a> A transitional planning intended to temporarily replace the shanty towns were the poblados de absorción, introduced since the mid-1950s in locations such as <a href="/wiki/Canillas_(Madrid)" title="Canillas (Madrid)">Canillas</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Ferm%C3%ADn_(Madrid)" title="San Fermín (Madrid)">San Fermín</a>, Caño Roto, <a href="/wiki/Villaverde_(Madrid)" title="Villaverde (Madrid)">Villaverde</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan_Bendito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pan Bendito (page does not exist)">Pan Bendito</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_Bendito" class="extiw" title="es:Pan Bendito">es</a>], <a href="/wiki/El_Zof%C3%ADo" title="El Zofío">Zofío</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fuencarral" title="Fuencarral">Fuencarral</a>, aiming to work as a sort of "high-end" shacks (with the destinataries participating in the construction of their own housing) but under the aegis of a wider coordinated urban planning.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELópez_Simón2018179–180-77">[76]</a> Madrid grew through the annexation of neighboring municipalities, achieving the present extent of 607 km2 (234.36 sq mi). The south of Madrid became heavily industrialized, and there was significant <a href="/wiki/Human_migration" title="Human migration">immigration</a> from rural areas of Spain. Madrid's newly built north-western districts became the home of a newly enriched middle class that appeared as result of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_miracle" title="Spanish miracle">1960s Spanish economic boom</a>, while the south-eastern periphery became a large working-class area, which formed the base for active cultural and political movements.<a href="#cite_note-History_of_Madrid_2-71">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Recent history">edit</a>]</div> After the fall of the Francoist regime, the new <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Spain" title="Constitution of Spain">1978 constitution</a> confirmed Madrid as the capital of Spain. The <a href="/wiki/1979_Madrid_City_Council_election" title="1979 Madrid City Council election">1979 municipal election</a> brought Madrid's first democratically elected mayor since the Second Republic to power. Madrid was the scene of some of the most important events of the time, such as the mass demonstrations of support for democracy after the failed coup, <a href="/wiki/23-F" class="mw-redirect" title="23-F">23-F</a>, on 23 February 1981. The first democratic mayors belonged to the centre-left <a href="/wiki/PSOE" class="mw-redirect" title="PSOE">PSOE</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enrique_Tierno_Galv%C3%A1n" title="Enrique Tierno Galván">Enrique Tierno Galván</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Barranco_Gallardo" title="Juan Barranco Gallardo">Juan Barranco Gallardo</a>). Since the late 1970s and through the 1980s Madrid became the center of the cultural movement known as <a href="/wiki/Movida_madrile%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Movida madrileña">la Movida</a>. Conversely, just like in the rest of the country, a <a href="/wiki/Opioid_epidemic" title="Opioid epidemic">heroin crisis</a> took a toll in the poor neighborhoods of Madrid in the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puertadelsol2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Puertadelsol2011.jpg/220px-Puertadelsol2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Puertadelsol2011.jpg/330px-Puertadelsol2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Puertadelsol2011.jpg/440px-Puertadelsol2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anti-austerity_movement_in_Spain" title="Anti-austerity movement in Spain">2011 Anti-austerity protests</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Puerta_del_Sol" title="Puerta del Sol">Puerta del Sol</a></figcaption></figure> Benefiting from increasing prosperity in the 1980s and 1990s, the capital city of Spain consolidated its position as an important economic, cultural, industrial, educational, and technological centre on the European continent.<a href="#cite_note-History_of_Madrid_2-71">[70]</a> During the mandate as Mayor of <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_%C3%81lvarez_del_Manzano" title="José María Álvarez del Manzano">José María Álvarez del Manzano</a> construction of traffic tunnels below the city proliferated.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> The following administrations, also conservative, led by <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Ruiz-Gallard%C3%B3n" title="Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón">Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ana_Botella" title="Ana Botella">Ana Botella</a> launched three unsuccessful bids for the 2012, 2016 and 2020 Summer Olympics.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> By 2005, Madrid was the leading European destination for migrants from <a href="/wiki/Developing_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Developing countries">developing countries</a>, as well as the largest employer of non-European workforce in Spain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasterson-Algar201630-81">[80]</a> Madrid was a centre of the <a href="/wiki/Anti-austerity_movement_in_Spain" title="Anti-austerity movement in Spain">anti-austerity protests</a> that erupted in Spain in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> As consequence of the spillover of the <a href="/wiki/2008_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 financial crisis">2008 financial and mortgage crisis</a>, Madrid has been affected by the increasing number of second-hand homes held by banks and <a href="/wiki/Eviction" title="Eviction">house evictions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> The mandate of left-wing Mayor <a href="/wiki/Manuela_Carmena" title="Manuela Carmena">Manuela Carmena</a> (2015–2019) delivered the renaturalization of the course of the <a href="/wiki/Manzanares_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Manzanares River">Manzanares</a> across the city. Since the late 2010s, the challenges the city faces include the increasingly unaffordable rental prices (often in parallel with the <a href="/wiki/Gentrification" title="Gentrification">gentrification</a> and the spike of tourist apartments in the city centre) and the profusion of <a href="/wiki/Betting_shop" title="Betting shop">betting shops</a> in working-class areas, leading to an "epidemic" of gambling among young people.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-elpais-85">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Location">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madrid,_Spain_ESA24382842.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Madrid%2C_Spain_ESA24382842.jpeg/220px-Madrid%2C_Spain_ESA24382842.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Madrid%2C_Spain_ESA24382842.jpeg/330px-Madrid%2C_Spain_ESA24382842.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Madrid%2C_Spain_ESA24382842.jpeg/440px-Madrid%2C_Spain_ESA24382842.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="5905" data-file-height="3937" /></a><figcaption>Madrid as seen by the <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2" title="Sentinel-2">Sentinel-2</a> satellite in July 2022</figcaption></figure> Madrid lies in the centre of the Iberian peninsula on the southern <a href="/wiki/Meseta_Central" title="Meseta Central">Meseta Central</a>, 60 km south of the <a href="/wiki/Guadarrama_mountain_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadarrama mountain range">Guadarrama mountain range</a> and straddling the <a href="/wiki/Jarama" title="Jarama">Jarama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manzanares_(river)" title="Manzanares (river)">Manzanares</a> river sub-drainage basins, in the wider <a href="/wiki/Tagus_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagus River">Tagus River</a> catchment area. With an average altitude of 650 m (2,130 ft), Madrid is the second highest capital of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (after <a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a>).<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> The difference in altitude within the city proper ranges from the 700 m (2,297 ft) around <a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_Castilla" title="Plaza de Castilla">Plaza de Castilla</a> in the north of city to the 570 m (1,870 ft) around La China wastewater treatment plant on the Manzanares' riverbanks, near the latter's confluence with the Fuente Castellana <a href="/wiki/Thalweg" title="Thalweg">thalweg</a> in the south of the city.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Monte_de_El_Pardo" title="Monte de El Pardo">Monte de El Pardo</a> (a protected forested area covering over a quarter of the municipality) reaches its top altitude (843 m (2,766 ft)) on its perimeter, in the slopes surrounding <a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Pardo_reservoir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El Pardo reservoir (page does not exist)">El Pardo reservoir</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embalse_de_El_Pardo" class="extiw" title="es:Embalse de El Pardo">es</a>] located at the north-western end of the municipality, in the <a href="/wiki/Fuencarral-El_Pardo" title="Fuencarral-El Pardo">Fuencarral-El Pardo</a> district.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> The oldest urban core is located on the hills next to the left bank of the Manzanares River.<a href="#cite_note-plangen-89">[88]</a> The city grew to the east, reaching the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuente_Castellana_Creek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuente Castellana Creek (page does not exist)">Fuente Castellana Creek</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arroyo_de_la_Fuente_Castellana" class="extiw" title="es:Arroyo de la Fuente Castellana">es</a>] (now the <a href="/wiki/Paseo_de_la_Castellana" title="Paseo de la Castellana">Paseo de la Castellana</a>), and further east reaching the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abro%C3%B1igal_Creek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abroñigal Creek (page does not exist)">Abroñigal Creek</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arroyo_Abro%C3%B1igal" class="extiw" title="es:Arroyo Abroñigal">es</a>] (now the <a href="/wiki/Autopista_de_Circunvalaci%C3%B3n_M-30" title="Autopista de Circunvalación M-30">M-30</a>).<a href="#cite_note-plangen-89">[88]</a> The city also grew through the annexation of neighbouring urban settlements,<a href="#cite_note-plangen-89">[88]</a> including those to the South West on the right bank of the Manzanares. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_forests">Parks and forests</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Parks and forests">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Madrid_parks" title="List of Madrid parks">List of Madrid parks</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Principales_parques_de_Madrid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Principales_parques_de_Madrid.svg/220px-Principales_parques_de_Madrid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Principales_parques_de_Madrid.svg/330px-Principales_parques_de_Madrid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Principales_parques_de_Madrid.svg/440px-Principales_parques_de_Madrid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2027" data-file-height="2381" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Main parks in the municipality</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Retiro_abrir%C3%A1_sus_puertas_a_las_14.00_horas_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/El_Retiro_abrir%C3%A1_sus_puertas_a_las_14.00_horas_01.jpg/220px-El_Retiro_abrir%C3%A1_sus_puertas_a_las_14.00_horas_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/El_Retiro_abrir%C3%A1_sus_puertas_a_las_14.00_horas_01.jpg/330px-El_Retiro_abrir%C3%A1_sus_puertas_a_las_14.00_horas_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/El_Retiro_abrir%C3%A1_sus_puertas_a_las_14.00_horas_01.jpg/440px-El_Retiro_abrir%C3%A1_sus_puertas_a_las_14.00_horas_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="704" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Retiro_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Retiro Park">Retiro Park</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuenca_del_r%C3%ADo_Manzanares_Monte_del_Pardo_26.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Cuenca_del_r%C3%ADo_Manzanares_Monte_del_Pardo_26.JPG/220px-Cuenca_del_r%C3%ADo_Manzanares_Monte_del_Pardo_26.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Cuenca_del_r%C3%ADo_Manzanares_Monte_del_Pardo_26.JPG/330px-Cuenca_del_r%C3%ADo_Manzanares_Monte_del_Pardo_26.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Cuenca_del_r%C3%ADo_Manzanares_Monte_del_Pardo_26.JPG/440px-Cuenca_del_r%C3%ADo_Manzanares_Monte_del_Pardo_26.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Manzanares_(river)" title="Manzanares (river)">Manzanares</a> flowing through the <a href="/wiki/Monte_de_El_Pardo" title="Monte de El Pardo">Monte de El Pardo</a></div></div></div></div></div> Madrid has the second highest number of aligned trees in the world, with 248,000 units, only exceeded by Tokyo. Madrid's citizens have access to a green area within a 15-minute walk. Since 1997, green areas have increased by 16%. At present, 8.2% of Madrid's grounds are green areas, meaning that there are 16 m2 (172 sq ft) of green area per inhabitant, far exceeding the 10 m2 (108 sq ft) per inhabitant recommended by the World Health Organization. A great bulk of the most important parks in Madrid are related to areas originally belonging to the royal assets (including El Pardo, Soto de Viñuelas, Casa de Campo, El Buen Retiro, la Florida and the <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%ADncipe_P%C3%ADo_(hill)" title="Príncipe Pío (hill)">Príncipe Pío hill</a>, and the Queen's Casino).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaliana_Martín199446,_50-90">[89]</a> The other main source for the "green" areas are the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bienes_de_propios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bienes de propios (page does not exist)">bienes de propios</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/bienes_de_propios" class="extiw" title="es:bienes de propios">es</a>] owned by the municipality (including the Dehesa de la Villa, the Dehesa de Arganzuela or Viveros).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaliana_Martín199450-91">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/Buen_Retiro_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Buen Retiro Park">El Retiro</a> is the most visited location of the city.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> Having an area bigger than 1.4 km2 (0.5 sq mi) (350 acres), it is the largest park within the <a href="/wiki/Almendra_Central" title="Almendra Central">Almendra Central</a>, the inner part of the city enclosed by the M-30. Created during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV</a> (17th century), it was handed over to the municipality in 1868, after the Glorious Revolution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaliana_Martín199448-93">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> It lies next to the <a href="/wiki/Real_Jard%C3%ADn_Bot%C3%A1nico_de_Madrid" title="Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid">Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid</a>. Located northwest of the city centre, the <a href="/wiki/Parque_del_Oeste" title="Parque del Oeste">Parque del Oeste</a> ("Park of the West") comprises part of the area of the former royal possession of the "Real Florida", and it features a slope as the height decreases down to the Manzanares.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> Its southern extension includes the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Debod" title="Temple of Debod">Temple of Debod</a>, a transported ancient Egyptian temple.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> Other urban parks are the <a href="/wiki/Parque_de_El_Capricho" class="mw-redirect" title="Parque de El Capricho">Parque de El Capricho</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Parque_Juan_Carlos_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Parque Juan Carlos I">Parque Juan Carlos I</a> (both in northeast Madrid), <a href="/wiki/Madrid_R%C3%ADo" title="Madrid Río">Madrid Río</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enrique_Tierno_Galv%C3%A1n_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enrique Tierno Galván Park (page does not exist)">Enrique Tierno Galván Park</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parque_de_Enrique_Tierno_Galv%C3%A1n" class="extiw" title="es:Parque de Enrique Tierno Galván">es</a>], the <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Isidro_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Isidro Park (page does not exist)">San Isidro Park</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/parque_de_San_Isidro" class="extiw" title="es:parque de San Isidro">es</a>] as well as gardens such as the <a href="/wiki/Campo_del_Moro" title="Campo del Moro">Campo del Moro</a> (opened to the public in 1978)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaliana_Martín199450-91">[90]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sabatini_Gardens" title="Sabatini Gardens">Sabatini Gardens</a> (opened to the public in 1931)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaliana_Martín199450-91">[90]</a> adjacent to the Royal Palace. Further west, across the Manzanares, lies the <a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Campo" title="Casa de Campo">Casa de Campo</a>, a large forested area with more than 1700 hectares (6.6 sq mi) where the <a href="/wiki/Zoo_Aquarium_de_Madrid" title="Zoo Aquarium de Madrid">Madrid Zoo</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Parque_de_Atracciones_de_Madrid" title="Parque de Atracciones de Madrid">Parque de Atracciones de Madrid</a> amusement park are located. It was ceded to the municipality following the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931.<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Monte_de_El_Pardo" title="Monte de El Pardo">Monte de El Pardo</a> is the largest forested area in the municipality. A <a href="/wiki/Quercus_rotundifolia" title="Quercus rotundifolia">holm oak</a> forest covering a surface over 16,000 hectares, it is considered the best preserved <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean forest">mediterranean forest</a> in the Community of Madrid and one of the best preserved in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-foresta-98">[97]</a> Already mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XI_of_Castile" title="Alfonso XI of Castile">Alfonso XI</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Libro_de_la_monter%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libro de la montería (page does not exist)">Libro de la montería</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro_de_la_monter%C3%ADa" class="extiw" title="es:Libro de la montería">es</a>] from the mid-14th century, its condition as hunting location linked to the Spanish monarchy help to preserve the environmental value.<a href="#cite_note-foresta-98">[97]</a> During the reign of Ferdinand VII the regime of hunting prohibition for the Monte de El Pardo became one of full property and the expropriation of all possessions within its bounds was enforced, with dire consequences for the madrilenians at the time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaliana_Martín199446-99">[98]</a> It is designated as <a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Area" title="Special Protection Area">Special Protection Area</a> for bird-life and it is also part of the Regional Park of the High Basin of the Manzanares. Other large forested areas include the <a href="/wiki/Soto_de_Vi%C3%B1uelas" title="Soto de Viñuelas">Soto de Viñuelas</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dehesa_de_Valdelatas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dehesa de Valdelatas (page does not exist)">Dehesa de Valdelatas</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehesa_de_Valdelatas" class="extiw" title="es:Dehesa de Valdelatas">es</a>] and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dehesa_de_la_Villa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dehesa de la Villa (page does not exist)">Dehesa de la Villa</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehesa_de_la_Villa" class="extiw" title="es:Dehesa de la Villa">es</a>]. As of 2015, the most recent big park in the municipality is the Valdebebas Park. Covering a total area of 4.7 km2 (1.8 sq mi), it is sub-divided in a 3.4 km2 (1.3 sq mi) forest park (the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parque_forestal_de_Valdebebas-Felipe_VI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parque forestal de Valdebebas-Felipe VI (page does not exist)">Parque forestal de Valdebebas-Felipe VI</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parque_forestal_de_Valdebebas-Felipe_VI" class="extiw" title="es:Parque forestal de Valdebebas-Felipe VI">es</a>]), a 0.8 km2 (0.31 sq mi) periurban park as well as municipal garden centres and compost plants.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Madrid" title="Climate of Madrid">Climate of Madrid</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(Castillejos)_Vista_de_Madrid_desde_Plaza_de_Castilla_03_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%28Castillejos%29_Vista_de_Madrid_desde_Plaza_de_Castilla_03_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-%28Castillejos%29_Vista_de_Madrid_desde_Plaza_de_Castilla_03_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%28Castillejos%29_Vista_de_Madrid_desde_Plaza_de_Castilla_03_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-%28Castillejos%29_Vista_de_Madrid_desde_Plaza_de_Castilla_03_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%28Castillejos%29_Vista_de_Madrid_desde_Plaza_de_Castilla_03_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-%28Castillejos%29_Vista_de_Madrid_desde_Plaza_de_Castilla_03_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption>Madrid during a <a href="/wiki/Rainstorm" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainstorm">rainstorm</a></figcaption></figure> Madrid has a <a href="/wiki/Cold_semi-arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold semi-arid climate">cold semi-arid climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> BSk), transitioning to a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> (Csa) in the western half.<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> The city has continental influences. Winters are cool due to its altitude, which is approximately 667 m (2,188 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a> and distance from the moderating effect of the sea. While mostly sunny, rain, sporadic snowfalls and frequent frosts can occur between December and February with cooler temperatures particularly during the night and mornings as cold winds blow into the city from surrounding mountains. Summers are hot and sunny, in the warmest month, July, average temperatures during the day range from 32 to 34 °C (90 to 93 °F) depending on location, with maxima commonly climbing over 35 °C (95 °F) and occasionally up to 40 °C during the frequent heat waves. Due to Madrid's altitude and dry climate, humidity is low and <a href="/wiki/Diurnal_temperature_variation" class="mw-redirect" title="Diurnal temperature variation">diurnal ranges</a> are often significant, particularly on sunny winter days when the temperature rises in the afternoon before rapidly plummeting after nightfall. Madrid is among the sunniest capital cities in Europe. The highest recorded temperature was on 14 August 2021, with 40.7 °C (105.3 °F) and the lowest recorded temperature was on 16 January 1945 with −10.1 °C (13.8 °F) in Madrid.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> While at the airport, in the eastern side of the city, the highest recorded temperature was on 24 July 1995, at 42.2 °C (108.0 °F), and the lowest recorded temperature was on 16 January 1945 at −15.3 °C (4.5 °F).<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> <a href="/wiki/Storm_Filomena" title="Storm Filomena">From 7 to 9 January 2021</a>, Madrid received the most snow in its recorded history since 1904; Spain's meteorological agency <a href="/wiki/AEMET" class="mw-redirect" title="AEMET">AEMET</a> reported between 50 and 60 cm (20 and 24 in) of accumulated snow in its <a href="/wiki/Weather_station" title="Weather station">weather stations</a> within the city.<a href="#cite_note-Pereda-104">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">Precipitation</a> is typically concentrated in the autumn, winter, and spring. It is particularly sparse during the summer, taking the form of about two showers and/or thunderstorms during the season. Madrid is the <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">european capital</a> with the least amount of annual precipitation.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> At the metropolitan scale, Madrid features both substantial daytime urban cool island and nighttime <a href="/wiki/Urban_heat_island" title="Urban heat island">urban heat island</a> effects during the summer season in relation to its surroundings, which feature thinly vegetated dry land.<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Madrid (667 m), <a href="/wiki/Buen_Retiro_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Buen Retiro Park">Buen Retiro Park</a> in the city centre (1991–2020) Sunshine (1981-2010) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9 (67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0 (71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7 (80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9 (87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5 (95.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.7 (105.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.7 (105.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.7 (105.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9 (102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1 (86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7 (72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6 (65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0500; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.7 (105.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 (50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 (54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2 (61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9 (66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2 (73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9 (84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8 (91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0 (89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5 (79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7 (67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5 (56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 (50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.3 (68.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 (43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 (46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 (52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6 (56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5 (63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8 (73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2 (79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7 (78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0 (69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4 (59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 (50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 (44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.4 (59.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 (37.4) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 (38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3 (43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 (46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 (53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5 (61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5 (67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3 (66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5 (59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 (52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4 (43.5) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 (38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.4 (50.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.1 (13.8) </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.1 (15.6) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.1 (22.8) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.6 (29.1) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 (33.1) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 (39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 (47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 (48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 (39.2) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.4 (31.3) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4 (25.9) </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.2 (15.4) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−10.1 (13.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0 (1.26) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0 (1.34) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0 (1.38) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.0 (1.81) </td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.0 (1.89) </td> <td style="background: #E0FFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0 (0.79) </td> <td style="background: #F1FFF1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 (0.35) </td> <td style="background: #F0FFF0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 (0.39) </td> <td style="background: #DAFFDA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0 (0.94) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.0 (2.52) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.0 (2.05) </td> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.0 (1.65) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">416 (16.37) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) </th> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1 </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5 </td> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">59.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) (daily average) </th> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.0 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.0 </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57.0 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56.0 </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54.0 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.0 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.0 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.0 </td> <td style="background: #3B3BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51.0 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.0 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">57.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C3C310; color:#000000;" class="notheme">149 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">211 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">230 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">268 </td> <td style="background: #F4F419; color:#000000;" class="notheme">315 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB29; color:#000000;" class="notheme">355 </td> <td style="background: #F5F51D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">332 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">259 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">199 </td> <td style="background: #C3C311; color:#000000;" class="notheme">144 </td> <td style="background: #B8B855; color:#000000;" class="notheme">124 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,744 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Agencia_Estatal_de_Meteorolog%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencia Estatal de Meteorología">Agencia Estatal de Meteorología</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_supply">Water supply</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Water supply">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comienza_la_restauraci%C3%B3n_del_Viaje_de_Agua_de_Amaniel_para_permitir_visitas_did%C3%A1cticas_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Comienza_la_restauraci%C3%B3n_del_Viaje_de_Agua_de_Amaniel_para_permitir_visitas_did%C3%A1cticas_04.jpg/220px-Comienza_la_restauraci%C3%B3n_del_Viaje_de_Agua_de_Amaniel_para_permitir_visitas_did%C3%A1cticas_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Comienza_la_restauraci%C3%B3n_del_Viaje_de_Agua_de_Amaniel_para_permitir_visitas_did%C3%A1cticas_04.jpg/330px-Comienza_la_restauraci%C3%B3n_del_Viaje_de_Agua_de_Amaniel_para_permitir_visitas_did%C3%A1cticas_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Comienza_la_restauraci%C3%B3n_del_Viaje_de_Agua_de_Amaniel_para_permitir_visitas_did%C3%A1cticas_04.jpg/440px-Comienza_la_restauraci%C3%B3n_del_Viaje_de_Agua_de_Amaniel_para_permitir_visitas_did%C3%A1cticas_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Viaje de Amaniel</figcaption></figure> In the 17th century, the viajes de agua (a kind of water channel or <a href="/wiki/Qanat" title="Qanat">qanat</a>) were used to provide water to the city. Some of the most important ones were the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viaje_de_Amaniel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viaje de Amaniel (page does not exist)">Viaje de Amaniel</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viaje_de_Amaniel" class="extiw" title="es:Viaje de Amaniel">es</a>] (1610–1621, sponsored by the Crown), the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viaje_de_Fuente_Castellana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viaje de Fuente Castellana (page does not exist)">Viaje de Fuente Castellana</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viaje_de_la_Castellana" class="extiw" title="es:Viaje de la Castellana">es</a>] (1613–1620) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abro%C3%B1igal_Alto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abroñigal Alto (page does not exist)">Abroñigal Alto</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abro%C3%B1igal_Alto" class="extiw" title="es:Abroñigal Alto">es</a>]/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abro%C3%B1igal_Bajo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abroñigal Bajo (page does not exist)">Abroñigal Bajo</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajo_Abro%C3%B1igal" class="extiw" title="es:Bajo Abroñigal">es</a>] (1617–1630), sponsored by the City Council. They were the main infrastructure for the supply of water until the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Canal_de_Isabel_II" title="Canal de Isabel II">Canal de Isabel II</a> in the mid-19th century.<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> Madrid derives almost 73.5 percent of its <a href="/wiki/Water_supply" title="Water supply">water supply</a> from dams and reservoirs built on the <a href="/wiki/Lozoya_(river)" title="Lozoya (river)">Lozoya River</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/El_Atazar_Dam" title="El Atazar Dam">El Atazar Dam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> This water supply is managed by the Canal de Isabel II, a public entity created in 1851. It is responsible for the supply, depurating waste water and the conservation of all the natural water resources of the Madrid region. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Madrid" title="Demographics of Madrid">Demographics of Madrid</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Community_of_Madrid_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Community_of_Madrid_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg/220px-Community_of_Madrid_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Community_of_Madrid_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg/330px-Community_of_Madrid_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Community_of_Madrid_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg/440px-Community_of_Madrid_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2623" data-file-height="2104" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a> population pyramid in 2022</figcaption></figure> The population of Madrid has overall increased since the city became the capital of Spain in the mid-sixteenth century, and has stabilised at approximately 3,000,000 since the 1970s. From 1970 until the mid-1990s, the population dropped. This phenomenon, which also affected other European cities, was caused in part by the growth of satellite suburbs at the expense of the downtown region within the city proper. The <a href="/wiki/Population_growth" title="Population growth">demographic boom</a> accelerated in the late-1990s and early first decade of the 21st century due to <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">immigration</a> in parallel with a surge in Spanish <a href="/wiki/Economic_growth" title="Economic growth">economic growth</a>. The wider Madrid region is the EU region with the highest average life expectancy at birth. The average life expectancy was 82.2 years for males and 87.8 for females in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> As the capital city of Spain, the city has attracted many immigrants from around the world, with most of the immigrants coming from <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin American</a> countries.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> In 2020, around 76% of the registered population was Spain-born,<a href="#cite_note-foreignborn-114">[113]</a> while, regarding the foreign-born population (24%),<a href="#cite_note-foreignborn-114">[113]</a> the bulk of it relates to <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">the Americas</a> (around 16% of the total population), and a lesser fraction of the population is born in other <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">African</a> countries. As of 2019, the fastest-growing group of immigrants were <a href="/wiki/Venezuelans_in_Spain" title="Venezuelans in Spain">Venezuelans</a>, who consisted of a population of 60,000 in Madrid alone. This made them the second-largest community of foreign origin at the time after <a href="/wiki/Ecuadorians_in_Spain" title="Ecuadorians in Spain">Ecuadorians</a>, with a population of 88,000.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> Regarding religious beliefs, according to a 2019 <a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Investigaciones_Sociol%C3%B3gicas" title="Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas">Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas</a> (CIS) survey with a sample size of 469 respondents, 20.7% of respondents in Madrid identify themselves as practising <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholics</a>, 45.8% as non-practising Catholics, 3.8% as believers of another religion, 11.1% as <a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">agnostics</a>, 3.6% as indifferent towards religion, and 12.8% as <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheists</a>. The remaining 2.1% did not state their religious beliefs.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> The Madrid metropolitan area comprises Madrid and the surrounding municipalities. According to <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>, the "metropolitan region" of Madrid has a population of slightly more than 6.271 million people<a href="#cite_note-Eurostat-117">[116]</a> covering an area of 4,609.7 km2 (1,780 sq mi). It is the largest in Spain and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Europe_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan areas in Europe by population">second largest in the European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-demographia-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation.de-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-un.org-13">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/City_Council_of_Madrid" title="City Council of Madrid">City Council of Madrid</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Madrid" title="List of mayors of Madrid">List of mayors of Madrid</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government_and_administration">Local government and administration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Local government and administration">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/City_Council_of_Madrid" title="City Council of Madrid">City Council of Madrid</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_47.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_47.jpg/220px-Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_47.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_47.jpg/330px-Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_47.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_47.jpg/440px-Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_47.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2061" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Façade of the city hall</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Ayuntamiento_izar%C3%A1_un_estandarte_a_favor_de_la_accesibilidad_universal_como_s%C3%ADmbolo_de_la_reivindicaci%C3%B3n_de_este_derecho_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/El_Ayuntamiento_izar%C3%A1_un_estandarte_a_favor_de_la_accesibilidad_universal_como_s%C3%ADmbolo_de_la_reivindicaci%C3%B3n_de_este_derecho_01.jpg/220px-El_Ayuntamiento_izar%C3%A1_un_estandarte_a_favor_de_la_accesibilidad_universal_como_s%C3%ADmbolo_de_la_reivindicaci%C3%B3n_de_este_derecho_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/El_Ayuntamiento_izar%C3%A1_un_estandarte_a_favor_de_la_accesibilidad_universal_como_s%C3%ADmbolo_de_la_reivindicaci%C3%B3n_de_este_derecho_01.jpg/330px-El_Ayuntamiento_izar%C3%A1_un_estandarte_a_favor_de_la_accesibilidad_universal_como_s%C3%ADmbolo_de_la_reivindicaci%C3%B3n_de_este_derecho_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/El_Ayuntamiento_izar%C3%A1_un_estandarte_a_favor_de_la_accesibilidad_universal_como_s%C3%ADmbolo_de_la_reivindicaci%C3%B3n_de_este_derecho_01.jpg/440px-El_Ayuntamiento_izar%C3%A1_un_estandarte_a_favor_de_la_accesibilidad_universal_como_s%C3%ADmbolo_de_la_reivindicaci%C3%B3n_de_este_derecho_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1669" data-file-height="1278" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">A plenary session of the city council</div></div></div></div></div> The City Council (Ayuntamiento de Madrid) is the body responsible for the government and administration of the municipality. It is formed by the Plenary (Pleno), the Mayor (alcalde) and the Government Board (Junta de Gobierno de la Ciudad de Madrid). The Plenary of the Ayuntamiento is the body of <a href="/wiki/Representation_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Representation (politics)">political representation</a> of the citizens in the <a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">municipal government</a>. Its 57 members are elected for a 4-year mandate. Some of its attributions are: fiscal matters, the election and deposition of the mayor, the approval and modification of decrees and regulations, the approval of budgets, the agreements related to the limits and alteration of the municipal term, the services management, the participation in supramunicipal organisations, etc.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> The mayor, the supreme representative of the city, presides over the <a href="/wiki/Ayuntamiento_(Spain)" title="Ayuntamiento (Spain)">Ayuntamiento</a>. He is charged with giving impetus to the municipal policies, managing the action of the rest of bodies and directing the executive municipal administration.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> He is responsible to the Pleno. He is also entitled to preside over the meetings of the Pleno, although this responsibility can be delegated to another municipal councillor. <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Mart%C3%ADnez-Almeida" title="José Luis Martínez-Almeida">José Luis Martínez-Almeida</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">People's Party</a>, has served as mayor since 2019. The Government Board consists of the mayor, deputy mayors and a number of delegates assuming the portfolios for the different government areas. All those positions are held by municipal councillors.<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> Since 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Cybele_Palace" title="Cybele Palace">Cybele Palace</a> (or Palace of Communications) serves as <a href="/wiki/City_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="City Hall">City Hall</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capital_of_Spain">Capital of Spain</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Capital of Spain">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moncloa_011_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Moncloa_011_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Moncloa_011_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Moncloa_011_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Moncloa_011_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Moncloa_011_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Moncloa_011_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2509" data-file-height="1741" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Moncloa_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Moncloa Palace">Moncloa Palace</a>, seat of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">President of the Government of Spain</a></figcaption></figure> Madrid is the capital of Spain. The <a href="/wiki/King_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Spain">King of Spain</a>, the country's head of state, has his official residence in the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Zarzuela" title="Palace of Zarzuela">Zarzuela Palace</a>. As the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Government of Spain</a>, Madrid also houses the official residence of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">President of the Government</a> (Prime Minister) and regular meeting place of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Spain)" title="Council of Ministers (Spain)">Council of Ministers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Moncloa" title="Palace of Moncloa">Moncloa Palace</a>, as well as the headquarters of the ministerial departments. Both the residences of the head of state and government are located at the northwest of the city. Additionally, the seats of the Lower and Upper Chambers of the Spanish Parliament, the Cortes Generales (respectively, the <a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_las_Cortes" class="mw-redirect" title="Palacio de las Cortes">Palacio de las Cortes</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Palacio_del_Senado" title="Palacio del Senado">Palacio del Senado</a>), also lie in Madrid. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_capital">Regional capital</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Regional capital">edit</a>]</div> Madrid is the capital of the Community of Madrid. The region has its own legislature and enjoys a wide range of competencies in areas such as social spending, healthcare, and education. The seat of the regional parliament, the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Madrid" title="Assembly of Madrid">Assembly of Madrid</a>, is located at the district of <a href="/wiki/Puente_de_Vallecas" title="Puente de Vallecas">Puente de Vallecas</a>. The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Community_of_Madrid" title="President of the Community of Madrid">presidency of the regional government</a> is headquartered at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_House_of_the_Post_Office" title="Royal House of the Post Office">Royal House of the Post Office</a> at the very centre of the city, the <a href="/wiki/Puerta_del_Sol" title="Puerta del Sol">Puerta del Sol</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_enforcement">Law enforcement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Law enforcement">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manuela_Carmena_y_Javier_Barbero_reciben_a_la_nueva_promoci%C3%B3n_de_Polic%C3%ADa_Municipal_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Manuela_Carmena_y_Javier_Barbero_reciben_a_la_nueva_promoci%C3%B3n_de_Polic%C3%ADa_Municipal_04.jpg/220px-Manuela_Carmena_y_Javier_Barbero_reciben_a_la_nueva_promoci%C3%B3n_de_Polic%C3%ADa_Municipal_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Manuela_Carmena_y_Javier_Barbero_reciben_a_la_nueva_promoci%C3%B3n_de_Polic%C3%ADa_Municipal_04.jpg/330px-Manuela_Carmena_y_Javier_Barbero_reciben_a_la_nueva_promoci%C3%B3n_de_Polic%C3%ADa_Municipal_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Manuela_Carmena_y_Javier_Barbero_reciben_a_la_nueva_promoci%C3%B3n_de_Polic%C3%ADa_Municipal_04.jpg/440px-Manuela_Carmena_y_Javier_Barbero_reciben_a_la_nueva_promoci%C3%B3n_de_Polic%C3%ADa_Municipal_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Municipal police agents from the 2018 promotion</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Polic%C3%ADa_Municipal_de_Madrid" title="Policía Municipal de Madrid">Madrid Municipal Police</a> (Policía Municipal de Madrid) is the local law enforcement body, dependent on the Ayuntamiento. As of 2018, it had a workforce of 6,190 civil servants.<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> The headquarters of both the <a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_of_the_Police" title="Directorate-General of the Police">Directorate-General of the Police</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_of_the_Civil_Guard" title="Directorate-General of the Civil Guard">Directorate-General of the Civil Guard</a> are located in Madrid. The headquarters of the Higher Office of Police of Madrid (Jefatura Superior de Policía de Madrid), the peripheral branch of the <a href="/wiki/Cuerpo_Nacional_de_Polic%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuerpo Nacional de Policía">National Police Corps</a> with jurisdiction over the region also lies in Madrid. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_subdivisions">Administrative subdivisions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Administrative subdivisions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Madrid" title="Districts of Madrid">Districts of Madrid</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_wards_of_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wards of Madrid">List of wards of Madrid</a></div> Madrid is administratively divided into 21 districts, which are further subdivided into 131 neighbourhoods (barrios): <table class="wikitable sortable floatright" style="font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>District</th> <th>Population (1 Jan 2023)<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a></th> <th>Area (<a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">ha</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Centro_(Madrid)" title="Centro (Madrid)">Centro</a></td> <td align="right">138,204</td> <td align="right">522.82 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arganzuela" title="Arganzuela">Arganzuela</a></td> <td align="right">153,304</td> <td align="right">646.22 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Retiro_(Madrid)" title="Retiro (Madrid)">Retiro</a></td> <td align="right">117,918</td> <td align="right">546.62 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Salamanca_(Madrid)" title="Salamanca (Madrid)">Salamanca</a></td> <td align="right">145,702</td> <td align="right">539.24 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamart%C3%ADn_(Madrid)" title="Chamartín (Madrid)">Chamartín</a></td> <td align="right">144,796</td> <td align="right">917.55 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tetu%C3%A1n_(Madrid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetuán (Madrid)">Tetuán</a></td> <td align="right">160,002</td> <td align="right">537.47 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber%C3%AD" title="Chamberí">Chamberí</a></td> <td align="right">138,204</td> <td align="right">467.92 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fuencarral-El_Pardo" title="Fuencarral-El Pardo">Fuencarral-El Pardo</a></td> <td align="right">248,443</td> <td align="right">23,783.84 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moncloa-Aravaca" title="Moncloa-Aravaca">Moncloa-Aravaca</a></td> <td align="right">121,757</td> <td align="right">4,653.11 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latina_(Madrid)" title="Latina (Madrid)">Latina</a></td> <td align="right">241,672</td> <td align="right">2,542.72 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Carabanchel" title="Carabanchel">Carabanchel</a></td> <td align="right">262,339</td> <td align="right">1,404.83 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Usera" title="Usera">Usera</a></td> <td align="right">142,746</td> <td align="right">777.77 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Puente_de_Vallecas" title="Puente de Vallecas">Puente de Vallecas</a></td> <td align="right">241,603</td> <td align="right">1,496.86 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moratalaz" title="Moratalaz">Moratalaz</a></td> <td align="right">92,814</td> <td align="right">610.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Lineal" title="Ciudad Lineal">Ciudad Lineal</a></td> <td align="right">220,345</td> <td align="right">1,142.57 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hortaleza" title="Hortaleza">Hortaleza</a></td> <td align="right">198,391</td> <td align="right">2,741.98 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Villaverde_(Madrid)" title="Villaverde (Madrid)">Villaverde</a></td> <td align="right">159,038</td> <td align="right">2,018.76 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Villa_de_Vallecas" title="Villa de Vallecas">Villa de Vallecas</a></td> <td align="right">117,501</td> <td align="right">5,146.72 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vic%C3%A1lvaro" title="Vicálvaro">Vicálvaro</a></td> <td align="right">83,804</td> <td align="right">3,526.67 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Blas-Canillejas" title="San Blas-Canillejas">San Blas-Canillejas</a></td> <td align="right">161,219</td> <td align="right">2,229.24 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Barajas_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barajas (district)">Barajas</a></td> <td align="right">48,646</td> <td align="right">4,192.28 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total</td> <td align="right">3,339,931</td> <td align="right">60,445.51 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="position: relative; font-size:85%"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 500px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><a href="/wiki/File:Madrid._Distritos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Madrid._Distritos.svg/500px-Madrid._Distritos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="574" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Madrid._Distritos.svg/750px-Madrid._Distritos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Madrid._Distritos.svg/1000px-Madrid._Distritos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="2441" /></a> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:229.5px; top:384.5px"><a href="/wiki/Centro_(Madrid)" title="Centro (Madrid)">Centro</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:229.5px; top:417px"><a href="/wiki/Arganzuela" title="Arganzuela">Arganzuela</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:269px; top:394.5px"><a href="/wiki/Retiro_(Madrid)" title="Retiro (Madrid)">Retiro</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:256.5px; top:362px"><a href="/wiki/Salamanca_(Madrid)" title="Salamanca (Madrid)">Salamanca</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:256.5px; top:307px"><a href="/wiki/Chamart%C3%ADn_(Madrid)" title="Chamartín (Madrid)">Chamartín</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:231.5px; top:317px"><a href="/wiki/Tetu%C3%A1n_(Madrid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetuán (Madrid)">Tetuán</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:226.5px; top:347px"><a href="/wiki/Chamber%C3%AD" title="Chamberí">Chamberí</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:144px; top:184.5px"><a href="/wiki/Fuencarral-El_Pardo" title="Fuencarral-El Pardo">Fuencarral-El Pardo</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:141.5px; top:352px"><a href="/wiki/Moncloa-Aravaca" title="Moncloa-Aravaca">Moncloa-Aravaca</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:139px; top:439.5px"><a href="/wiki/Latina_(Madrid)" title="Latina (Madrid)">Latina</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:176.5px; top:442px"><a href="/wiki/Carabanchel" title="Carabanchel">Carabanchel</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:234px; top:454.5px"><a href="/wiki/Usera" title="Usera">Usera</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:271.5px; top:439.5px"><a href="/wiki/Puente_de_Vallecas" title="Puente de Vallecas">Puente de Vallecas</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:306.5px; top:399.5px"><a href="/wiki/Moratalaz" title="Moratalaz">Moratalaz</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:289px; top:342px"><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Lineal" title="Ciudad Lineal">Ciudad Lineal</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:309px; top:264.5px"><a href="/wiki/Hortaleza" title="Hortaleza">Hortaleza</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:231.5px; top:509.5px"><a href="/wiki/Villaverde_(Madrid)" title="Villaverde (Madrid)">Villaverde</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:324px; top:497px"><a href="/wiki/Villa_de_Vallecas" title="Villa de Vallecas">Villa de Vallecas</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:396.5px; top:422px"><a href="/wiki/Vic%C3%A1lvaro" title="Vicálvaro">Vicálvaro</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:336.5px; top:362px"><a href="/wiki/San_Blas_(Madrid)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Blas (Madrid)">San Blas-Canillejas</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:401.5px; top:279.5px"><a href="/wiki/Barajas_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barajas (district)">Barajas</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Madrid" title="Economy of Madrid">Economy of Madrid</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_del_Palacio_de_la_Bolsa,_Madrid,_Espa%C3%B1a,_2017_29.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Interior_del_Palacio_de_la_Bolsa%2C_Madrid%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2017_29.jpg/220px-Interior_del_Palacio_de_la_Bolsa%2C_Madrid%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2017_29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Interior_del_Palacio_de_la_Bolsa%2C_Madrid%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2017_29.jpg/330px-Interior_del_Palacio_de_la_Bolsa%2C_Madrid%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2017_29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Interior_del_Palacio_de_la_Bolsa%2C_Madrid%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2017_29.jpg/440px-Interior_del_Palacio_de_la_Bolsa%2C_Madrid%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2017_29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bolsa_de_Madrid" title="Bolsa de Madrid">Madrid Stock Exchange</a></figcaption></figure> After it became the capital of Spain in the 16th century, Madrid was more a centre of <a href="/wiki/Consumption_(economics)" title="Consumption (economics)">consumption</a> than of production or trade. Economic activity was largely devoted to supplying the city's own rapidly growing population, including the royal household and national government, and to such trades as <a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">banking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">publishing</a>. A large <a href="/wiki/Industrial_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial sector">industrial sector</a> did not develop until the 20th century, but thereafter industry greatly expanded and diversified, making Madrid the second industrial city in Spain. However, the economy of the city is now becoming more and more dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">service sector</a>. A major European financial center, its stock market is the third largest stock market in Europe featuring both the <a href="/wiki/IBEX_35" title="IBEX 35">IBEX 35</a> index and the attached <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latibex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latibex (page does not exist)">Latibex</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latibex" class="extiw" title="es:Latibex">es</a>] stock market (with the second most important index for <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin American</a> companies).<a href="#cite_note-Moreno-Fernández-15">[14]</a>: 45  Madrid is the 5th most important leading Centre of Commerce in Europe (after London, Paris, Frankfurt and Amsterdam) and ranks 11th in the world.<a href="#cite_note-mastercard.com-20">[19]</a> It is the leading Spanish-speaking city in terms of webpage creation.<a href="#cite_note-Moreno-Fernández-15">[14]</a>: 45  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_history">Economic history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Economic history">edit</a>]</div> As the capital city of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> from 1561, Madrid's population grew rapidly. Administration, banking, and small-scale manufacturing centred on the royal court were among the main activities, but the city was more a locus of consumption than production or trade, geographically isolated as it was before the coming of the railways. The <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Spain" title="Bank of Spain">Bank of Spain</a> is one of the oldest European central banks. Originally named as the Bank of San Carlos as it was founded in 1782, it was later renamed to Bank of San Fernando in 1829 and ultimately became the Bank of Spain in 1856.<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Spain_Building" title="Bank of Spain Building">Its headquarters</a> are located at the <a href="/wiki/Calle_de_Alcal%C3%A1" title="Calle de Alcalá">calle de Alcalá</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bolsa_de_Madrid" title="Bolsa de Madrid">Madrid Stock Exchange</a> was inaugurated on 20 October 1831.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> Its benchmark stock market index is the <a href="/wiki/IBEX_35" title="IBEX 35">IBEX 35</a>. Industry started to develop on a large scale only in the 20th century,<a href="#cite_note-Historia-125">[124]</a> but then grew rapidly, especially during the "<a href="/wiki/Spanish_miracle" title="Spanish miracle">Spanish miracle</a>" period around the 1960s. The economy of the city was then centred on manufacturing industries such as those related to <a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicle" title="Motor vehicle">motor vehicles</a>, aircraft, chemicals, electronic devices, pharmaceuticals, <a href="/wiki/Food_processing" title="Food processing">processed food</a>, printed materials, and leather goods.<a href="#cite_note-Overview:_Economy-126">[125]</a> Since the restoration of democracy in the late 1970s, the city has continued to expand. Its economy is now among the most dynamic and diverse in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Present-day_economy">Present-day economy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Present-day economy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Distrito_Telef%C3%B3nica_(Madrid)_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Distrito_Telef%C3%B3nica_%28Madrid%29_09.jpg/220px-Distrito_Telef%C3%B3nica_%28Madrid%29_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Distrito_Telef%C3%B3nica_%28Madrid%29_09.jpg/330px-Distrito_Telef%C3%B3nica_%28Madrid%29_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Distrito_Telef%C3%B3nica_%28Madrid%29_09.jpg/440px-Distrito_Telef%C3%B3nica_%28Madrid%29_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4114" data-file-height="1899" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Telef%C3%B3nica" title="Telefónica">Telefónica</a> headquarters</figcaption></figure> Madrid concentrates activities directly connected with power (central and regional government, headquarters of Spanish companies, regional HQ of <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinationals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">financial institutions</a>) and with knowledge and technological innovation (research centres and universities). It is one of Europe's largest financial centres, and the largest in Spain.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a> The city has 17 universities and over 30 research centres.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 52  It is the second metropolis in the EU by population, and the third by gross internal product.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 69  Leading employers include <a href="/wiki/Telef%C3%B3nica" title="Telefónica">Telefónica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iberia_(airline)" title="Iberia (airline)">Iberia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prosegur" title="Prosegur">Prosegur</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBVA" class="mw-redirect" title="BBVA">BBVA</a>, Urbaser, <a href="/wiki/Dragados" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragados">Dragados</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fomento_de_Construcciones_y_Contratas" class="mw-redirect" title="Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas">FCC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 569  The <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a>, the region comprising the city and the rest of municipalities of the province, had a <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> of <a href="/wiki/%E2%82%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="€">€</a>220B in 2017, equating to a GDP per capita of €33,800.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> In 2011 the city itself had a GDP per capita 74% above the national average and 70% above that of the 27 <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> member states, although 11% behind the average of the top 10 cities of the EU.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 237–239  Although housing just over 50% of the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">region's</a>'s population, the city generates 65.9% of its GDP.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 51  Following the <a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%9314_Spanish_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2008–14 Spanish financial crisis">recession</a> commencing 2007/8, recovery was under way by 2014, with forecast growth rates for the city of 1.4% in 2014, 2.7% in 2015 and 2.8% in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-Barometro-130">[129]</a>: 10  The economy of Madrid has become based increasingly on the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">service sector</a>. In 2011 services accounted for 85.9% of value added, while <a href="/wiki/Industrial_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial sector">industry</a> contributed 7.9% and <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">construction</a> 6.1%.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 51  Nevertheless, Madrid continues to hold the position of Spain's second industrial centre after Barcelona, specialising particularly in high-technology production. Following the recession, services and industry were forecast to return to growth in 2014, and construction in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-Barometro-130">[129]</a>: 32 [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Standard_of_living">Standard of living</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Standard of living">edit</a>]</div> Mean household income and spending are 12% above the Spanish average.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 537, 553  The proportion classified as "at risk of poverty" in 2010 was 15.6%, up from 13.0% in 2006 but less than the average for Spain of 21.8%. The proportion classified as affluent was 43.3%, much higher than Spain overall (28.6%).<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 540–3  Consumption by Madrid residents has been affected by job losses and by <a href="/wiki/Austerity" title="Austerity">austerity</a> measures, including a rise in sales tax from 8% to 21% in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> Although residential property prices have fallen by 39% since 2007, the average price of dwelling space was €2,375.6 per sq. m. in early 2014,<a href="#cite_note-Barometro-130">[129]</a>: 70  and is shown as second only to London in a list of 22 European cities.<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Employment">Employment</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Employment">edit</a>]</div> Participation in the labour force was 1,638,200 in 2011, or 79.0%. The employed workforce comprised 49% women in 2011 (Spain, 45%).<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 98  41% of economically active people are university graduates, against 24% for Spain as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 103  In 2011, the unemployment rate was 15.8%, remaining lower than in Spain as a whole. Among those aged 16–24, the unemployment rate was 39.6%.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 97, 100  Unemployment reached a peak of 19.1% in 2013,<a href="#cite_note-Barometro-130">[129]</a>: 17  but with the start of an economic recovery in 2014, employment started to increase.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> Employment continues to shift further towards the service sector, with 86% of all jobs in this sector by 2011, against 74% in all of Spain.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 117  In the second quarter of 2018 the unemployment rate was 10.06%.<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madrid_2012_16_(7250774262).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Madrid_2012_16_%287250774262%29.jpg/220px-Madrid_2012_16_%287250774262%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Madrid_2012_16_%287250774262%29.jpg/330px-Madrid_2012_16_%287250774262%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Madrid_2012_16_%287250774262%29.jpg/440px-Madrid_2012_16_%287250774262%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1967" data-file-height="1330" /></a><figcaption>Headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Spain" title="Bank of Spain">Bank of Spain</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Services">Services</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Services">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Se_cumplen_35_a%C3%B1os_de_la_apertura_de_Mercamadrid_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Se_cumplen_35_a%C3%B1os_de_la_apertura_de_Mercamadrid_02.jpg/220px-Se_cumplen_35_a%C3%B1os_de_la_apertura_de_Mercamadrid_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Se_cumplen_35_a%C3%B1os_de_la_apertura_de_Mercamadrid_02.jpg/330px-Se_cumplen_35_a%C3%B1os_de_la_apertura_de_Mercamadrid_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Se_cumplen_35_a%C3%B1os_de_la_apertura_de_Mercamadrid_02.jpg/440px-Se_cumplen_35_a%C3%B1os_de_la_apertura_de_Mercamadrid_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mercamadrid" title="Mercamadrid">Mercamadrid</a> facilities in South-Eastern Madrid</figcaption></figure> The share of services in the city's economy is 86%. Services for business, transport & communications, property, and financial together account for 52% of the total value added.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 51  The types of services that are now expanding are mainly those that facilitate movement of capital, information, goods and persons, and "advanced business services" such as <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a> (R&D), <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a>, and technical <a href="/wiki/Accountancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Accountancy">accountancy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 242–3  Madrid and the wider region's authorities have put a notable effort in the development of <a href="/wiki/Logistics_center" title="Logistics center">logistics infrastructure</a>. Within the city proper, some of the standout centres include <a href="/wiki/Mercamadrid" title="Mercamadrid">Mercamadrid</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid-Abro%C3%B1igal_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madrid-Abroñigal Station (page does not exist)">Madrid-Abroñigal</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estaci%C3%B3n_de_Madrid-Abro%C3%B1igal" class="extiw" title="es:Estación de Madrid-Abroñigal">es</a>] logistics centre, the Villaverde's Logistics Centre and the Vicálvaro's Logistics Centre to name a few.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">Banks</a> based in Madrid carry out 72% of the banking activity in Spain.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 474  The Spanish <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Spain" title="Bank of Spain">Bank of Spain</a>, has existed in Madrid since 1782. Stocks & shares, <a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">bond</a> markets, <a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">insurance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pension_fund" title="Pension fund">pension funds</a> are other important forms of financial institution in the city. Madrid is an important centre for <a href="/wiki/Trade_fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade fair">trade fairs</a>, many of them coordinated by <a href="/wiki/IFEMA" title="IFEMA">IFEMA</a>, the Trade Fair Institution of Madrid.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 351–2  The <a href="/wiki/Public_sector" title="Public sector">public sector</a> employs 18.1% of all employees.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 630  Madrid attracts about 8M <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourists</a> annually from other parts of Spain and from all over the world, exceeding even <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 81 <a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 362, 374 <a href="#cite_note-Barometro-130">[129]</a>: 44  Spending by tourists in Madrid was estimated (2011) at €9,546.5M, or 7.7% of the city's GDP.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 375  The construction of <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Madrid" title="Transport in Madrid">transport</a> infrastructure has been vital to maintain the economic position of Madrid. Travel to work and other local journeys use a high-capacity metropolitan road network and a well-used <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transport</a> system.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 62–4  In terms of longer-distance transport, Madrid is the central node of the system of <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa" title="Autovía">autovías</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed rail</a> network (<a href="/wiki/AVE" title="AVE">AVE</a>), which has brought major cities such as Seville and Barcelona within 2.5 hours travel time.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 72–75  Also important to the city's economy is <a href="/wiki/Madrid-Barajas_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid-Barajas Airport">Madrid-Barajas Airport</a>, the fourth largest airport in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 76–78  Madrid's central location makes it a major <a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">logistical</a> base.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 79–80  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Industry">Industry</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Industry">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F%C3%A1brica_PSA_de_Madrid,_pista_pruebas_y_aparcamiento.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/F%C3%A1brica_PSA_de_Madrid%2C_pista_pruebas_y_aparcamiento.JPG/220px-F%C3%A1brica_PSA_de_Madrid%2C_pista_pruebas_y_aparcamiento.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/F%C3%A1brica_PSA_de_Madrid%2C_pista_pruebas_y_aparcamiento.JPG/330px-F%C3%A1brica_PSA_de_Madrid%2C_pista_pruebas_y_aparcamiento.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/F%C3%A1brica_PSA_de_Madrid%2C_pista_pruebas_y_aparcamiento.JPG/440px-F%C3%A1brica_PSA_de_Madrid%2C_pista_pruebas_y_aparcamiento.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5093" data-file-height="2124" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Groupe_PSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Groupe PSA">PSA Peugeot Citroën</a> plant in <a href="/wiki/Villaverde_(Madrid)" title="Villaverde (Madrid)">Villaverde</a> district</figcaption></figure> As an industrial centre Madrid retains its advantages in infrastructure, as a transport hub, and as the location of headquarters of many companies. Industries based on advanced technology are acquiring much more importance here than in the rest of Spain.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 271  Industry contributed 7.5% to Madrid's value-added in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 265  However, industry has slowly declined within the city boundaries as more industry has moved outward to the periphery. Industrial Gross Value Added grew by 4.3% in the period 2003–2005, but decreased by 10% during 2008–2010.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 271, 274  The leading industries were: paper, printing & publishing, 28.8%; energy & mining, 19.7%; vehicles & transport equipment, 12.9%; electrical and electronic, 10.3%; foodstuffs, 9.6%; clothing, footwear & textiles, 8.3%; chemical, 7.9%; industrial machinery, 7.3%.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 266  The <a href="/wiki/Groupe_PSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Groupe PSA">PSA Peugeot Citroën</a> plant is located in <a href="/wiki/Villaverde_(Madrid)" title="Villaverde (Madrid)">Villaverde</a> district. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Construction">Construction</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Construction">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caleido_(agosto_2018).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Caleido_%28agosto_2018%29.JPG/220px-Caleido_%28agosto_2018%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Caleido_%28agosto_2018%29.JPG/330px-Caleido_%28agosto_2018%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Caleido_%28agosto_2018%29.JPG/440px-Caleido_%28agosto_2018%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Building works of <a href="/wiki/Caleido" title="Caleido">Caleido</a> in August 2018</figcaption></figure> The construction sector, contributing 6.5% to the city's economy in 2010,<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 265  was a growing sector before the recession, aided by a large transport and infrastructure program. More recently the construction sector has fallen away and earned 8% less in 2009 than it had been in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 242–3  The decrease was particularly marked in the residential sector, where prices dropped by 25%–27% from 2007 to 2012/13<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 202, 212  and the number of sales fell by 57%.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 216  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tourism">Tourism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Tourism">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MADRID_060126_MXALX_067.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/MADRID_060126_MXALX_067.jpg/220px-MADRID_060126_MXALX_067.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/MADRID_060126_MXALX_067.jpg/330px-MADRID_060126_MXALX_067.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/MADRID_060126_MXALX_067.jpg/440px-MADRID_060126_MXALX_067.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>Fitur fair in Ifema</figcaption></figure> Madrid is the seat of the <a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Tourism Organization">World Tourism Organization</a> (UNWTO) and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Tourism_Fair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Tourism Fair (page does not exist)">International Tourism Fair</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/FITUR" class="extiw" title="es:FITUR">es</a>] (FITUR). In 2018, the city received 10.21 million tourists (53.3% of them international tourists).<a href="#cite_note-MADdestino-136">[135]</a>p. 9 The biggest share of international tourists come from the United States, followed by Italy, France, United Kingdom and Germany.<a href="#cite_note-MADdestino-136">[135]</a>p. 10 As of 2018, the city has 793 hotels, 85,418 hotel places and 43,816 hotel rooms.<a href="#cite_note-MADdestino-136">[135]</a>p. 18 It also had, as of 2018, an estimated 20,217 tourist apartments.<a href="#cite_note-MADdestino-136">[135]</a>p. 20 The most visited museum was the <a href="/wiki/Museo_Nacional_Centro_de_Arte_Reina_Sof%C3%ADa" title="Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía">Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía</a>, with 3.8 million visitors in the sum of its three seats in 2018. Conversely, the <a href="/wiki/Prado_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Prado Museum">Prado Museum</a> had 2.8 million visitors and the <a href="/wiki/Thyssen-Bornemisza_Museum" title="Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum">Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum</a> 906,815 visitors.<a href="#cite_note-MADdestino-136">[135]</a>p. 32 By the late 2010s, the gentrification and the spike of tourist apartments in the city centre led to an increase in rental prices, pushing residents out of the city centre.<a href="#cite_note-elpais-85">[84]</a> Most of the tourist apartments in Madrid (50–54%) are located in the Centro District.<a href="#cite_note-eldiario-137">[136]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Sol_(Madrid)" title="Sol (Madrid)">Sol</a> neighborhood (part of the latter district), 3 out of 10 homes are dedicated to tourist apartments,<a href="#cite_note-eldiario-137">[136]</a> and 2 out of 10 are listed in <a href="/wiki/AirBnB" class="mw-redirect" title="AirBnB">AirBnB</a>.<a href="#cite_note-elpais-85">[84]</a> In April 2019 the plenary of the ayuntamiento passed a plan intending to regulate this practice, seeking to greatly limit the number of tourist apartments. The normative would enforce a requirement for independent access to those apartments on and off the street.<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> However, after the change of government in June 2019, the new municipal administration planned to revert the regulation.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_rankings">International rankings</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: International rankings">edit</a>]</div> A recent study placed Madrid 7th among 36 cities as an attractive base for business.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> It was placed third in terms of availability of office space, and fifth for ease of access to markets, availability of qualified staff, mobility within the city, and quality of life. Its less favourable characteristics were seen as pollution, languages spoken, and political environment. Another ranking of European cities placed Madrid 5th among 25 cities (behind <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>), being rated favourably on economic factors and the labour market as well as transport and communication.<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_and_entertainment">Media and entertainment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Media and entertainment">edit</a>]</div> The Madrid metropolitan area is an important film and television production hub, whose content is distributed throughout the <a href="/wiki/Spanish-speaking_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish-speaking world">Spanish-speaking world</a> and abroad. It is often seen as the entry point into the European media market for <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin American</a> media companies, and likewise the entry point into the Latin American markets for European companies.<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> It is also the headquarters of media groups such as <a href="/wiki/RTVE" title="RTVE">Radiotelevisión Española</a> (RTVE), <a href="/wiki/Atresmedia" title="Atresmedia">Atresmedia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mediaset_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Mediaset España">Mediaset España</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Movistar%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="Movistar+">Movistar+</a>, which produce numerous films, television shows and series which are distributed globally on various platforms.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> Since 2018, it is also home to <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>'s Madrid Production Hub, <a href="/wiki/Mediapro" title="Mediapro">Mediapro Studio</a>, and numerous others such as <a href="/wiki/Viacom_International_Media_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Viacom International Media Networks">Viacom International Studios</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> As of 2019, the film and television industry employs 19,000 people locally (44% of people in Spain working in this industry).<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Piruli_and_neighbourhood.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/El_Piruli_and_neighbourhood.jpg/220px-El_Piruli_and_neighbourhood.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/El_Piruli_and_neighbourhood.jpg/330px-El_Piruli_and_neighbourhood.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/El_Piruli_and_neighbourhood.jpg/440px-El_Piruli_and_neighbourhood.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3406" data-file-height="2670" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Televisión Española">TVE</a>'s central news services are located at the foot of <a href="/wiki/Torrespa%C3%B1a" title="Torrespaña">Torrespaña</a>.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Torrespa%C3%B1a" title="Torrespaña">Torrespaña</a> <a href="/wiki/Radio_masts_and_towers" title="Radio masts and towers">broadcasting tower</a>, located in Madrid's <a href="/wiki/Salamanca_(Madrid)" title="Salamanca (Madrid)">Salamanca</a> district, is the central and main transmission node of the terrestrial broadcasting network in Spain. RTVE, the state-owned radio and television <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">public broadcaster</a> is <a href="/wiki/Prado_del_Rey_(studios)" title="Prado del Rey (studios)">headquartered</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pozuelo_de_Alarc%C3%B3n" title="Pozuelo de Alarcón">Pozuelo de Alarcón</a> along with all its channels and web services (<a href="/wiki/La_1_(Spanish_TV_channel)" title="La 1 (Spanish TV channel)">La 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_2_(Spanish_TV_channel)" title="La 2 (Spanish TV channel)">La 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clan_(TV_channel)" title="Clan (TV channel)">Clan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teledeporte" title="Teledeporte">Teledeporte</a>, <a href="/wiki/24_Horas_(Spanish_TV_channel)" title="24 Horas (Spanish TV channel)">24 Horas</a>, <a href="/wiki/TVE_Internacional" title="TVE Internacional">TVE Internacional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Nacional_(Spanish_radio_station)" title="Radio Nacional (Spanish radio station)">Radio Nacional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Exterior" title="Radio Exterior">Radio Exterior</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Radio_Cl%C3%A1sica" title="Radio Clásica">Radio Clásica</a>). Atresmedia group (<a href="/wiki/Antena_3_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antena 3 (Spain)">Antena 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Sexta" class="mw-redirect" title="La Sexta">La Sexta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onda_Cero" title="Onda Cero">Onda Cero</a>) is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_de_los_Reyes" title="San Sebastián de los Reyes">San Sebastián de los Reyes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mediaset_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Mediaset España">Mediaset España</a> (<a href="/wiki/Telecinco" title="Telecinco">Telecinco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuatro_(TV_channel)" title="Cuatro (TV channel)">Cuatro</a>) maintains its headquarters in Madrid's <a href="/wiki/Fuencarral-El_Pardo" title="Fuencarral-El Pardo">Fuencarral-El Pardo</a> district. Together with RTVE, Atresmedia and Mediaset account for nearly the 80% of share of <a href="/wiki/Generalist_channel" title="Generalist channel">generalist television</a>.<a href="#cite_note-enguix-149">[148]</a> The Spanish media conglomerate <a href="/wiki/PRISA" title="PRISA">PRISA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cadena_SER" title="Cadena SER">Cadena SER</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_40_Principales" class="mw-redirect" title="Los 40 Principales">Los 40 Principales</a>, <a href="/wiki/M80_Radio" title="M80 Radio">M80 Radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cadena_Dial" title="Cadena Dial">Cadena Dial</a>) is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Gran_V%C3%ADa,_Madrid" title="Gran Vía, Madrid">Gran Vía</a> street in central Madrid. Besides hosting the main television and radio producers and broadcasters, the metropolitan area hosts most of the major written mass media in Spain,<a href="#cite_note-enguix-149">[148]</a> including <a href="/wiki/ABC_(newspaper)" title="ABC (newspaper)">ABC</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Mundo_(Spain)" title="El Mundo (Spain)">El Mundo</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Raz%C3%B3n_(Madrid)" title="La Razón (Madrid)">La Razón</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marca_(newspaper)" title="Marca (newspaper)">Marca</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C2%A1Hola!" title="¡Hola!">¡Hola!</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diario_AS" title="Diario AS">Diario AS</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Confidencial" title="El Confidencial">El Confidencial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cinco_D%C3%ADas" title="Cinco Días">Cinco Días</a>. The Spanish international news agency <a href="/wiki/EFE" title="EFE">EFE</a> maintains its headquarters in Madrid since its inception in 1939. The second news agency of Spain is the privately owned <a href="/wiki/Europa_Press_(news_agency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa Press (news agency)">Europa Press</a>, founded and headquartered in Madrid since 1953. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Architecture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Madrid" title="Architecture of Madrid">Architecture of Madrid</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Madrid" title="Special:EditPage/Madrid">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2015) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Little medieval architecture is preserved in Madrid, mostly in the <a href="/wiki/Almendra_Central" title="Almendra Central">Almendra Central</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_San_Nicol%C3%A1s_(Madrid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of San Nicolás (Madrid)">San Nicolás</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_el_Real,_Madrid" title="San Pedro el Real, Madrid">San Pedro el Viejo</a> church towers, the church of <a href="/wiki/San_Jer%C3%B3nimo_el_Real" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jerónimo el Real">San Jerónimo el Real</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_Obispo_de_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapel of Obispo de Madrid">Bishop's Chapel</a>. Nor has Madrid retained much Renaissance architecture, other than the <a href="/wiki/Bridge_of_Segovia_(Madrid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge of Segovia (Madrid)">Bridge of Segovia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Convent_of_Las_Descalzas_Reales" title="Convent of Las Descalzas Reales">Convent of Las Descalzas Reales</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaza_Mayor_de_Madrid_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Plaza_Mayor_de_Madrid_-_01.jpg/220px-Plaza_Mayor_de_Madrid_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Plaza_Mayor_de_Madrid_-_01.jpg/330px-Plaza_Mayor_de_Madrid_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Plaza_Mayor_de_Madrid_-_01.jpg/440px-Plaza_Mayor_de_Madrid_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2916" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Plaza_Mayor,_Madrid" title="Plaza Mayor, Madrid">Plaza Mayor</a>, built in the 16th century</figcaption></figure> Philip II moved his court to Madrid in 1561 and transformed the town into a capital city. During the Early Habsburg period, the import of European influences took place, underpinned by the monicker of Austrian style. The Austrian style featured not only Austrian influences but also Italian and Dutch (as well as Spanish), reflecting on the international preeminence of the Habsburgs.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> During the second half of the 16th century, the use of pointy slate <a href="/wiki/Spire" title="Spire">spires</a> in order to top structures such as church towers was imported to Spain from Central Europe.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> Slate spires and roofs consequently became a staple of the Madrilenian architecture at the time.<a href="#cite_note-lib-152">[151]</a> Stand out architecture in the city dating back to the early 17th century includes several buildings and structures (most of them attributed to <a href="/wiki/Juan_G%C3%B3mez_de_Mora" title="Juan Gómez de Mora">Juan Gómez de Mora</a>) such as the <a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_los_Concejos" title="Palacio de los Concejos">Palace of the Duke of Uceda</a> (1610), the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Monastery_of_La_Encarnaci%C3%B3n" title="Royal Monastery of La Encarnación">Monastery of La Encarnación</a> (1611–1616); the <a href="/wiki/Plaza_Mayor_de_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaza Mayor de Madrid">Plaza Mayor</a> (1617–1619) or the Cárcel de Corte (1629–1641), currently known as the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Palace,_Madrid" title="Santa Cruz Palace, Madrid">Santa Cruz Palace</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlasco_Esquivias2016280-153">[152]</a> The century also saw the construction of the former City Hall, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Casa_de_la_Villa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Casa de la Villa (page does not exist)">Casa de la Villa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEscobar200760–63-154">[153]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Colegio_Imperial_de_Madrid" title="Colegio Imperial de Madrid">Imperial College</a> church model dome was imitated in all of Spain. <a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Ribera" title="Pedro de Ribera">Pedro de Ribera</a> introduced <a href="/wiki/Churrigueresque" title="Churrigueresque">Churrigueresque</a> architecture to Madrid; the <a href="/wiki/Cuartel_del_Conde-Duque" title="Cuartel del Conde-Duque">Cuartel del Conde-Duque</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Montserrat_Church,_Madrid" title="Our Lady of Montserrat Church, Madrid">church of Montserrat</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bridge_of_Toledo_(Madrid)" title="Bridge of Toledo (Madrid)">Bridge of Toledo</a> are among the best examples. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palacio_Real_Jardines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Palacio_Real_Jardines.jpg/220px-Palacio_Real_Jardines.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Palacio_Real_Jardines.jpg/330px-Palacio_Real_Jardines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Palacio_Real_Jardines.jpg/440px-Palacio_Real_Jardines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="2916" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Madrid" title="Royal Palace of Madrid">Royal Palace of Madrid</a>, built in the 18th century</figcaption></figure> The reign of <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourbon Spain">the Bourbons</a> during the eighteenth century marked a new era in the city. <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V</a> tried to complete King Philip II's vision of urbanisation of Madrid. Philip V built a palace in line with French taste, as well as other buildings such as <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Basilica_(Madrid)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Michael's Basilica (Madrid)">St. Michael's Basilica</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Santa_Barbara,_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Santa Barbara, Madrid">Church of Santa Bárbara</a>. King <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III</a> beautified the city and endeavoured to convert Madrid into one of the great European capitals. He pushed forward the construction of the Prado Museum (originally intended as a Natural Science Museum), the <a href="/wiki/Puerta_de_Alcal%C3%A1" title="Puerta de Alcalá">Puerta de Alcalá</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Observatory_of_Madrid" title="Royal Observatory of Madrid">Royal Observatory</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Francisco_el_Grande" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of San Francisco el Grande">Basilica of San Francisco el Grande</a>, the Casa de Correos in <a href="/wiki/Puerta_del_Sol" title="Puerta del Sol">Puerta del Sol</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Real_Casa_de_la_Aduana" title="Real Casa de la Aduana">Real Casa de la Aduana</a>, and the General Hospital (which now houses the Reina Sofia Museum and Royal Conservatory of Music). The <a href="/wiki/Paseo_del_Prado" title="Paseo del Prado">Paseo del Prado</a>, surrounded by gardens and decorated with neoclassical statues, is an example of urban planning. The <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Berwick" title="Duke of Berwick">Duke of Berwick</a> ordered the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Liria_Palace" title="Liria Palace">Liria Palace</a>. During the early 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">loss of viceroyalties</a> in the Americas, and continuing coups limited the city's architectural development (<a href="/wiki/Teatro_Real" title="Teatro Real">Royal Theatre</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">National Library of Spain</a>, the Palace of the Senate, and the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies_(Spain)#Congress_of_Deputies_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Deputies (Spain)">Congress</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Segovia_Viaduct" title="Segovia Viaduct">Segovia Viaduct</a> linked the Royal Alcázar to the southern part of town. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Estatua_de_Atenea_-_C%C3%ADrculo_de_Bellas_Artes_(Madrid).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Estatua_de_Atenea_-_C%C3%ADrculo_de_Bellas_Artes_%28Madrid%29.jpg/220px-Estatua_de_Atenea_-_C%C3%ADrculo_de_Bellas_Artes_%28Madrid%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Estatua_de_Atenea_-_C%C3%ADrculo_de_Bellas_Artes_%28Madrid%29.jpg/330px-Estatua_de_Atenea_-_C%C3%ADrculo_de_Bellas_Artes_%28Madrid%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Estatua_de_Atenea_-_C%C3%ADrculo_de_Bellas_Artes_%28Madrid%29.jpg/440px-Estatua_de_Atenea_-_C%C3%ADrculo_de_Bellas_Artes_%28Madrid%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/C%C3%ADrculo_de_Bellas_Artes" title="Círculo de Bellas Artes">Círculo de Bellas Artes</a></figcaption></figure> The list of key figures of madrilenian architecture during the 19th and 20th centuries includes authors such as <a href="/wiki/Narciso_Pascual_Colomer" title="Narciso Pascual Colomer">Narciso Pascual y Colomer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Jare%C3%B1o_y_Alarc%C3%B3n" title="Francisco Jareño y Alarcón">Francisco Jareño y Alarcón</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Cubas" title="Francisco de Cubas">Francisco de Cubas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_L%C3%A1zaro_de_Diego" title="Juan Bautista Lázaro de Diego">Juan Bautista Lázaro de Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Vel%C3%A1zquez_Bosco" title="Ricardo Velázquez Bosco">Ricardo Velázquez Bosco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Palacios" title="Antonio Palacios">Antonio Palacios</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secundino_Zuazo" title="Secundino Zuazo">Secundino Zuazo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Guti%C3%A9rrez_Soto" title="Luis Gutiérrez Soto">Luis Gutiérrez Soto</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Moya_Blanco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis Moya Blanco (page does not exist)">Luis Moya Blanco</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Moya_Blanco" class="extiw" title="es:Luis Moya Blanco">es</a>] and <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_de_la_Sota_(architect)" title="Alejandro de la Sota (architect)">Alejandro de la Sota</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> From the mid-19th century until the Civil War, Madrid modernised and built new neighbourhoods and monuments. The expansion of Madrid developed under the <a href="/wiki/Ensanche" title="Ensanche">Plan Castro</a>, resulting in the neighbourhoods of <a href="/wiki/Salamanca_(Madrid)" title="Salamanca (Madrid)">Salamanca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moncloa-Aravaca" title="Moncloa-Aravaca">Argüelles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chamber%C3%AD" title="Chamberí">Chamberí</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Soria" class="mw-redirect" title="Arturo Soria">Arturo Soria</a> conceived the <a href="/wiki/Linear_city_(Soria_design)" title="Linear city (Soria design)">linear city</a> and built the first few kilometres of the road that bears his name, which embodies the idea. The <a href="/wiki/Gran_V%C3%ADa_(Madrid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gran Vía (Madrid)">Gran Vía</a> was built using different styles that evolved over time: French style, eclectic, art deco, and expressionist. However, <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau_in_Madrid" title="Art Nouveau in Madrid">Art Nouveau in Madrid</a>, known as Modernismo did also develop at the turn of the century, in concert with its appearance elsewhere in Europe, including <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Palacios" title="Antonio Palacios">Antonio Palacios</a> built a series of buildings inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Viennese_Secession" class="mw-redirect" title="Viennese Secession">Viennese Secession</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace of Communication">Palace of Communication</a>, the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%ADrculo_de_Bellas_Artes" title="Círculo de Bellas Artes">Círculo de Bellas Artes</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_de_La_Plata_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Río de La Plata Bank">Río de La Plata Bank</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Cervantes" title="Instituto Cervantes">Instituto Cervantes</a>). Other notable buildings include the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Spain" title="Bank of Spain">Bank of Spain</a>, the neo-Gothic <a href="/wiki/Almudena_Cathedral" title="Almudena Cathedral">Almudena Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atocha_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Atocha Station">Atocha Station</a>, and the Catalan art-nouveau <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Longoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace of Longoria">Palace of Longoria</a>. <a href="/wiki/Las_Ventas" title="Las Ventas">Las Ventas</a> Bullring was built, as the <a href="/wiki/Market_of_San_Miguel" title="Market of San Miguel">Market of San Miguel</a> (Cast-Iron style). <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edificio_Espa%C3%B1a_-_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Edificio_Espa%C3%B1a_-_05.jpg/220px-Edificio_Espa%C3%B1a_-_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Edificio_Espa%C3%B1a_-_05.jpg/330px-Edificio_Espa%C3%B1a_-_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Edificio_Espa%C3%B1a_-_05.jpg/440px-Edificio_Espa%C3%B1a_-_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="2484" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Edificio_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Edificio España">Edificio España</a></figcaption></figure> Following the Francoist takeover that ensued the end of Spanish Civil war, architecture experienced an involution, discarding rationalism and, eclecticism notwithstanding, going back to an overall rather "outmoded" architectural language, with the purpose of turning Madrid into a capital worthy of the "Immortal Spain".<a href="#cite_note-torrus-156">[155]</a> Iconic examples of this period include the <a href="/wiki/General_Headquarters_of_the_Air_and_Space_Force" title="General Headquarters of the Air and Space Force">Ministry of the Air</a> (a case of <a href="/wiki/Herrerian" class="mw-redirect" title="Herrerian">herrerian</a> revival) and the <a href="/wiki/Edificio_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Edificio España">Edificio España</a> (presented as the tallest building in Europe when it was inaugurated in 1953).<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-torrus-156">[155]</a> Many of these buildings distinctly combine the use of brick and stone in the façades.<a href="#cite_note-torrus-156">[155]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Casa_Sindical" title="Casa Sindical">Casa Sindical</a> marked a breaking point as it was the first to reassume rationalism, although that relinking to modernity was undertaken through the imitation of the Italian Fascist architecture.<a href="#cite_note-torrus-156">[155]</a> With the advent of Spanish economic development, skyscrapers, such as <a href="/wiki/Torre_Picasso" title="Torre Picasso">Torre Picasso</a>, Torres Blancas and Torre BBVA, and the <a href="/wiki/Gate_of_Europe" title="Gate of Europe">Gate of Europe</a>, appeared in the late 20th century in the city. During the decade of the 2000s, the four tallest skyscrapers in Spain were built and together form the <a href="/wiki/Cuatro_Torres_Business_Area" title="Cuatro Torres Business Area">Cuatro Torres Business Area</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> Terminal 4 at <a href="/wiki/Madrid-Barajas_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid-Barajas Airport">Madrid-Barajas Airport</a> was inaugurated in 2006 and won several architectural awards. Terminal 4 is one of the world's largest terminal areas<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> and features glass panes and domes in the roof, which allow natural light to pass through. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums_and_cultural_centres">Museums and cultural centres</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Museums and cultural centres">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Madrid" title="List of museums in Madrid">List of museums in Madrid</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Las_Meninas,_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez,_from_Prado_in_Google_Earth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Las_Meninas%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez%2C_from_Prado_in_Google_Earth.jpg/170px-Las_Meninas%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez%2C_from_Prado_in_Google_Earth.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Las_Meninas%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez%2C_from_Prado_in_Google_Earth.jpg/255px-Las_Meninas%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez%2C_from_Prado_in_Google_Earth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Las_Meninas%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez%2C_from_Prado_in_Google_Earth.jpg/340px-Las_Meninas%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez%2C_from_Prado_in_Google_Earth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="26065" data-file-height="30000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Las_Meninas" title="Las Meninas">Las Meninas</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Diego Velázquez">Diego Velázquez</a>, 1656 (<a href="/wiki/Prado_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Prado Museum">Prado Museum</a>)</figcaption></figure> Madrid is considered one of the top European destinations concerning art museums. Best known is the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Triangle_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Triangle of Art">Golden Triangle of Art</a>, located along the <a href="/wiki/Paseo_del_Prado" title="Paseo del Prado">Paseo del Prado</a> and comprising three major museums: the <a href="/wiki/Museo_del_Prado" title="Museo del Prado">Prado Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Museo_Nacional_Centro_de_Arte_Reina_Sof%C3%ADa" title="Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía">Reina Sofía Museum</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Thyssen-Bornemisza_Museum" title="Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum">Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum</a>. The Prado Museum (Museo del Prado) is a museum and art gallery that features one of the world's finest collections of European art, from the 12th century to the early 19th century, based on the former <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Royal_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Royal Collection">Spanish Royal Collection</a>. It has the best collection of artworks by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Goya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Diego Velázquez">Velázquez</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Greco" title="El Greco">El Greco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rubens" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubens">Rubens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hieronymus_Bosch" title="Hieronymus Bosch">Hieronymus Bosch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Ribera" class="mw-redirect" title="José de Ribera">José de Ribera</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Patinir" class="mw-redirect" title="Patinir">Patinir</a>, as well as works by <a href="/wiki/Rogier_van_der_Weyden" title="Rogier van der Weyden">Rogier van der Weyden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Sanzio" class="mw-redirect" title="Raphael Sanzio">Raphael Sanzio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tintoretto" title="Tintoretto">Tintoretto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Veronese" title="Paolo Veronese">Veronese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Van_Dyck" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Dyck">Van Dyck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer" title="Albrecht Dürer">Albrecht Dürer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Lorrain" title="Claude Lorrain">Claude Lorrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo" title="Bartolomé Esteban Murillo">Murillo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zurbar%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurbarán">Zurbarán</a>, among others. Some of the standout works exhibited at the museum include <a href="/wiki/Las_Meninas" title="Las Meninas">Las Meninas</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_maja_vestida" title="La maja vestida">La maja vestida</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_maja_desnuda" title="La maja desnuda">La maja desnuda</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_Earthly_Delights" title="The Garden of Earthly Delights">The Garden of Earthly Delights</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Immaculate_Conception_(Tiepolo)" title="The Immaculate Conception (Tiepolo)">The Immaculate Conception</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Judgement_of_Paris_(Rubens)" title="The Judgement of Paris (Rubens)">The Judgement of Paris</a>. The Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum (Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza) is an art museum that fills the historical gaps in its counterparts' collections: in the Prado's case, this includes Italian primitives and works from the <a href="/wiki/English_art" title="English art">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_School_(painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch School (painting)">Dutch</a>, and German schools, while in the case of the Reina Sofía, the Thyssen-Bornemisza collection, once the second largest private collection in the world after the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Collection" title="Royal Collection">Royal Collection</a>,<a href="#cite_note-nyt-obit-160">[159]</a> includes <a href="/wiki/Impressionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Impressionist">Impressionists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Expressionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Expressionist">Expressionists</a>, and European and American paintings from the second half of the 20th century, with over 1,600 paintings.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edificio_Sabatini._Museo_Nacional_Centro_de_Arte_Reina_Sof%C3%ADa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Edificio_Sabatini._Museo_Nacional_Centro_de_Arte_Reina_Sof%C3%ADa.jpg/220px-Edificio_Sabatini._Museo_Nacional_Centro_de_Arte_Reina_Sof%C3%ADa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Edificio_Sabatini._Museo_Nacional_Centro_de_Arte_Reina_Sof%C3%ADa.jpg/330px-Edificio_Sabatini._Museo_Nacional_Centro_de_Arte_Reina_Sof%C3%ADa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Edificio_Sabatini._Museo_Nacional_Centro_de_Arte_Reina_Sof%C3%ADa.jpg/440px-Edificio_Sabatini._Museo_Nacional_Centro_de_Arte_Reina_Sof%C3%ADa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="849" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Museo_Nacional_Centro_de_Arte_Reina_Sof%C3%ADa" title="Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía">Queen Sofía National Museum Art Centre</a></figcaption></figure> The Reina Sofía National Art Museum (Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía; MNCARS) is Madrid's national museum of <a href="/wiki/20th-century_art" title="20th-century art">20th-century art</a> and houses <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>'s 1937 anti-war masterpiece, <a href="/wiki/Guernica_(painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guernica (painting)">Guernica</a>. Other highlights of the museum, which is mainly dedicated to Spanish art, include excellent collections of Spain's greatest 20th-century masters including <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Salvador Dalí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Joan Miró</a>, Picasso, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Juan Gris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Julio_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(sculptor)" title="Julio González (sculptor)">Julio González</a>. The Reina Sofía also hosts a free-access art library.<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_Nacional_(34583977144).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Museo_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_Nacional_%2834583977144%29.jpg/220px-Museo_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_Nacional_%2834583977144%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Museo_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_Nacional_%2834583977144%29.jpg/330px-Museo_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_Nacional_%2834583977144%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Museo_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_Nacional_%2834583977144%29.jpg/440px-Museo_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_Nacional_%2834583977144%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Cloister in the <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum_(Madrid)" title="National Archaeological Museum (Madrid)">National Archaeological Museum</a> (MAN) showcasing prehistoric items from the Iberian Peninsula, including the <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Pozo_Moro" title="Mausoleum of Pozo Moro">Mausoleum of Pozo Moro</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum_(Madrid)" title="National Archaeological Museum (Madrid)">National Archaeological Museum of Madrid</a> (Museo Arqueológico Nacional) shows archaeological finds from <a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">Prehistory</a> to the 19th century (including Roman mosaics, Greek ceramics, Islamic art and Romanesque art), especially from the Iberian Peninsula, distributed over three floors. An iconic item in the museum is the <a href="/wiki/Lady_of_Elche" title="Lady of Elche">Lady of Elche</a>, an Iberian bust from the 4th century BC. Other major pieces include the <a href="/wiki/Lady_of_Baza" title="Lady of Baza">Lady of Baza</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lady_of_Cerro_de_los_Santos" title="Lady of Cerro de los Santos">Lady of Cerro de los Santos</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lady_of_Ibiza" title="Lady of Ibiza">Lady of Ibiza</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bicha_of_Balazote" title="Bicha of Balazote">Bicha of Balazote</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Treasure_of_Guarrazar" title="Treasure of Guarrazar">Treasure of Guarrazar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pyxis_of_Zamora" title="Pyxis of Zamora">Pyxis of Zamora</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Pozo_Moro" title="Mausoleum of Pozo Moro">Mausoleum of Pozo Moro</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Napier%27s_bones" title="Napier's bones">napier's bones</a>. In addition, the museum has a reproduction of the polychromatic paintings in the <a href="/wiki/Altamira_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Altamira Cave">Altamira Cave</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_de_Bellas_Artes_de_San_Fernando" title="Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando">Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando</a> (Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando) houses a fine art collection of paintings ranging from the 15th to 20th centuries. The academy is also the headquarters of the Madrid Academy of Art.<a href="#cite_note-165">[n. 2]</a> <a href="/wiki/CaixaForum_Madrid" title="CaixaForum Madrid">CaixaForum Madrid</a> is a post-modern art gallery in the centre of Madrid, next to the Prado Museum.<a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Madrid" title="Royal Palace of Madrid">Royal Palace of Madrid</a>, a massive building characterised by its luxurious rooms, houses rich collections of armours and weapons, as well as the most comprehensive collection of <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Stradivari" title="Antonio Stradivari">Stradivarius</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Museo_de_las_Colecciones_Reales" class="mw-redirect" title="Museo de las Colecciones Reales">Museo de las Colecciones Reales</a> is a future museum intended to host the most outstanding pieces of the Royal Collections part of the <a href="/wiki/Patrimonio_Nacional" title="Patrimonio Nacional">Patrimonio Nacional</a>. Located next to the Royal Palace and the Almudena, Patrimonio Nacional has tentatively scheduled its opening for 2021.<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_de_Am%C3%A9rica_(Madrid)_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Museo_de_Am%C3%A9rica_%28Madrid%29_03.jpg/220px-Museo_de_Am%C3%A9rica_%28Madrid%29_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Museo_de_Am%C3%A9rica_%28Madrid%29_03.jpg/330px-Museo_de_Am%C3%A9rica_%28Madrid%29_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Museo_de_Am%C3%A9rica_%28Madrid%29_03.jpg/440px-Museo_de_Am%C3%A9rica_%28Madrid%29_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3126" data-file-height="2991" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Museo_de_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Museo de América">Museo de América</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Americas_(Madrid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of the Americas (Madrid)">Museum of the Americas</a> (Museo de América) is a national museum that holds artistic, archaeological, and ethnographic collections from the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, ranging from the <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a> period to the present day.<a href="#cite_note-museodeamerica1-169">[167]</a> Other notable museums include the <a href="/wiki/Museo_Nacional_de_Ciencias_Naturales" title="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales">National Museum of Natural Sciences</a> (the Spain's national museum of <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">natural history</a>),<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-170">[168]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Museo_Naval_de_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Museo Naval de Madrid">Naval Museum</a>,<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Convent_of_Las_Descalzas_Reales" title="Convent of Las Descalzas Reales">Convent of Las Descalzas Reales</a> (with many works of Renaissance and Baroque art, and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_tapestry" title="Brussels tapestry">Brussels tapestries</a> inspired by paintings of Rubens),<a href="#cite_note-patrimonionacional1-172">[170]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_L%C3%A1zaro_Galdiano" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Lázaro Galdiano">Museum of Lázaro Galdiano</a> (housing a collection specialising in decorative arts, featuring a collection of weapons that features the sword of Pope <a href="/wiki/Innocent_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Innocent VIII">Innocent VIII</a>),<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-173">[171]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Museo_Nacional_de_Artes_Decorativas" title="Museo Nacional de Artes Decorativas">National Museum of Decorative Arts</a>,<a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Romanticism_(Madrid)" title="Museum of Romanticism (Madrid)">National Museum of Romanticism</a> (focused on 19th century Romanticism),<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Museum_Cerralbo" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum Cerralbo">Museum Cerralbo</a>,<a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Museo_Nacional_de_Antropolog%C3%ADa_(Madrid)" title="Museo Nacional de Antropología (Madrid)">National Museum of Anthropology</a> (featuring as highlight a <a href="/wiki/Guanches" title="Guanches">Guanche</a> mummy from <a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a>),<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Sorolla_Museum" title="Sorolla Museum">Sorolla Museum</a> (focused in the namesake Valencian Impressionist painter,<a href="#cite_note-museosorolla1-178">[176]</a> also including sculptures by <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Auguste Rodin</a>, part of Sorolla's personal effects),<a href="#cite_note-museosorolla2-179">[177]</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Museo_de_Historia_de_Madrid" title="Museo de Historia de Madrid">History Museum of Madrid</a> (housing pieces related to the local history of Madrid), the <a href="/wiki/Wax_Museum_of_Madrid" title="Wax Museum of Madrid">Wax Museum of Madrid</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Railway_Museum_(Madrid)" title="Railway Museum (Madrid)">Railway Museum</a> (located in the building that was once the Delicias Station). Major cultural centres in the city include the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%ADrculo_de_Bellas_Artes" title="Círculo de Bellas Artes">Fine Arts Circle</a> (one of Madrid's oldest arts centres and one of the most important private cultural centres in Europe, hosting exhibitions, shows, film screenings, conferences and workshops), the <a href="/wiki/Cuartel_del_Conde-Duque" title="Cuartel del Conde-Duque">Conde Duque cultural centre</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Matadero_Madrid" title="Matadero Madrid">Matadero Madrid</a>, a cultural complex (formerly an abattoir) located by the river Manzanares. The Matadero, created in 2006 with the aim of "promoting research, production, learning, and diffusion of creative works and contemporary thought in all their manifestations", is considered the third most valued cultural institution in Madrid among art professionals.<a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Language">edit</a>]</div> The usual language in Madrid is <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Spanish" title="Peninsular Spanish">Peninsular Spanish</a>. It is in the transition between northern and southern dialects. Typical features are: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ye%C3%ADsmo" title="Yeísmo">Yeísmo</a>, calló and cayó sound alike among all social classes.<a href="#cite_note-Zamora-181">[179]</a> According to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alonso_Zamora_Vicente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alonso Zamora Vicente (page does not exist)">Alonso Zamora Vicente</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alonso_Zamora_Vicente" class="extiw" title="es:Alonso Zamora Vicente">es</a>], yeísmo has extended from Madrid across Spain.<a href="#cite_note-Zamora-181">[179]</a></li> <li>Aspiration of <a href="/wiki/Implosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Implosive">implosive</a> /s/.<a href="#cite_note-Quilis-182">[180]</a></li> <li>Frequent ellision of final /d/ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[maˈðɾi]</a>) and devoicing /θ/ (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[maˈðɾiθ]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d0\/ES-pe_-_Madrid.ogg\/ES-pe_-_Madrid.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"ES-pe - Madrid.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/ES-pe_-_Madrid.ogg/ES-pe_-_Madrid.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:ES-pe_-_Madrid.ogg" title="File:ES-pe - Madrid.ogg">ⓘ</a>) coexist with the standard preservation (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[maˈðɾið]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-5" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/75\/Pronunciation_of_Madrid_in_Spanish.ogg\/Pronunciation_of_Madrid_in_Spanish.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pronunciation of Madrid in Spanish.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/Pronunciation_of_Madrid_in_Spanish.ogg/Pronunciation_of_Madrid_in_Spanish.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Pronunciation_of_Madrid_in_Spanish.ogg" title="File:Pronunciation of Madrid in Spanish.ogg">ⓘ</a>) realised with varying degrees of relaxation.<a href="#cite_note-Molina_Martos_2016-8">[8]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%ADsmo" title="Leísmo">leísmo</a>, <a href="/wiki/La%C3%ADsmo" class="mw-redirect" title="Laísmo">laísmo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%ADsmo" title="Loísmo">loísmo</a>. According to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Gili_Gaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Gili Gaya (page does not exist)">Samuel Gili Gaya</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Gili_Gaya" class="extiw" title="es:Samuel Gili Gaya">es</a>], in Madrid speech, pronoun le is specialized in the masculine and pronoun la in the feminine, for direct and indirect objects.<a href="#cite_note-Gili-183">[181]</a></li></ul> The arrival to Madrid of a substantial number of immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Ecuadorians" title="Ecuadorians">Ecuadorians</a>) has induced processes of dialectal convergence and divergence in the city.<a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a> In the 1970s and 1980s, Madrid youth created their own slang, <a href="/wiki/Cheli" title="Cheli">Cheli</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Buzek-185">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Literature">edit</a>]</div> Madrid has been one of the great centres of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_literature" title="Spanish literature">Spanish literature</a>. Some of the most distinguished writers of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Age" title="Spanish Golden Age">Spanish Golden Century</a> were born in Madrid, including <a href="/wiki/Lope_de_Vega" title="Lope de Vega">Lope de Vega</a> (author of <a href="/wiki/Fuenteovejuna" title="Fuenteovejuna">Fuenteovejuna</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Dog_in_the_Manger_(play)" title="The Dog in the Manger (play)">The Dog in the Manger</a>), who reformed the Spanish theatre, a project continued by <a href="/wiki/Calderon_de_la_Barca" class="mw-redirect" title="Calderon de la Barca">Calderon de la Barca</a> (author of <a href="/wiki/Life_is_a_Dream" class="mw-redirect" title="Life is a Dream">Life is a Dream</a>). <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Quevedo" title="Francisco de Quevedo">Francisco de Quevedo</a>, who criticised the Spanish society of his day, and author of <a href="/wiki/El_Busc%C3%B3n" title="El Buscón">El Buscón</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tirso_de_Molina" title="Tirso de Molina">Tirso de Molina</a>, who created the character <a href="/wiki/Don_Juan" title="Don Juan">Don Juan</a>, were born in Madrid. <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Miguel de Cervantes">Cervantes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luis_de_G%C3%B3ngora" title="Luis de Góngora">Góngora</a> also lived in the city, although they were not born there. The Madrid homes of Lope de Vega, Quevedo, Gongora, and Cervantes still exist, and they are all in the Barrio de las Letras (Literary Neighborhood). Other writers born in Madrid in later centuries have been <a href="/wiki/Leandro_Fernandez_de_Morat%C3%ADn" class="mw-redirect" title="Leandro Fernandez de Moratín">Leandro Fernandez de Moratín</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Jos%C3%A9_de_Larra" title="Mariano José de Larra">Mariano José de Larra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jose_de_Echegaray" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose de Echegaray">Jose de Echegaray</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_G%C3%B3mez_de_la_Serna" title="Ramón Gómez de la Serna">Ramón Gómez de la Serna</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1maso_Alonso" title="Dámaso Alonso">Dámaso Alonso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Jardiel_Poncela" title="Enrique Jardiel Poncela">Enrique Jardiel Poncela</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Salinas" title="Pedro Salinas">Pedro Salinas</a>. The "Barrio de las Letras" owes its name to the intense literary activity taking place there during the 16th and 17th centuries. Some of the most prominent writers of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Age" title="Spanish Golden Age">Spanish Golden Age</a> lived here, such as <a href="/wiki/Lope_de_Vega" title="Lope de Vega">Lope de Vega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Quevedo" title="Francisco de Quevedo">Quevedo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Luis_de_G%C3%B3ngora" title="Luis de Góngora">Góngora</a>, and it contained the Cruz and Príncipe Theatres, two of the most important in Spain. At 87 Calle de Atocha, on the northern end of the neighborhood, was the printing house of <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_la_Cuesta" title="Juan de la Cuesta">Juan de la Cuesta</a>, where the first edition of <a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote">Don Quixote</a> was typeset and printed in 1604. Most of the literary routes are articulated[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">further explanation needed</a>] along the Barrio de las Letras, where you can find scenes from novels of the <a href="/wiki/Siglo_de_Oro" class="mw-redirect" title="Siglo de Oro">Siglo de Oro</a> and more recent works like "<a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Lights" title="Bohemian Lights">Bohemian Lights</a>".[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">further explanation needed</a>] Although born in <a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas_de_Gran_Canaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Palmas de Gran Canaria">Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Realist_literature" title="Spanish Realist literature">realist</a> writer <a href="/wiki/Benito_P%C3%A9rez_Gald%C3%B3s" title="Benito Pérez Galdós">Benito Pérez Galdós</a> made Madrid the setting for many of his stories; there is a giidebook to the Madrid of Galdós (Madrid galdosiano).<a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BNE_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/BNE_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-BNE_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/BNE_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-BNE_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/BNE_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-BNE_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3435" data-file-height="2649" /></a><figcaption>Interior of the National Library of Spain</figcaption></figure> Madrid is home to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Spanish_Academy" title="Royal Spanish Academy">Royal Spanish Academy</a>, the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language, which governs, with statutory authority, over Spanish,<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a> preparing, publishing, and updating authoritative reference works on it. The academy's motto (lema, in Spanish) states its purpose: it cleans the language, stabilizes it, and gives it brilliance ("Limpia, fija y da resplendor"). Madrid is also home to another international cultural institution, the <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Cervantes" title="Instituto Cervantes">Instituto Cervantes</a>, whose task is the promotion and teaching of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish language</a> as well as the dissemination of the culture of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_America" title="Hispanic America">Hispanic America</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">National Library of Spain</a> is the largest major public library in Spain. The library's collection consists of more than 26,000,000 items, including 15,000,000 books and other printed materials, 30,000 manuscripts, 143,000 newspapers and serials, 4,500,000 graphic materials, 510,000 music scores, 500,000 maps, 600,000 sound recording, 90,000 audiovisuals, 90,000 electronic documents, and more than 500,000 microforms.<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Cuisine">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:BocadilloCalamaresAtocha_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/BocadilloCalamaresAtocha_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-BocadilloCalamaresAtocha_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/BocadilloCalamaresAtocha_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-BocadilloCalamaresAtocha_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/BocadilloCalamaresAtocha_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-BocadilloCalamaresAtocha_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1235" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Three <a href="/wiki/Squid_sandwich" title="Squid sandwich">squid sandwiches</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Patatas_bravas_madrid_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Patatas_bravas_madrid_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Patatas_bravas_madrid_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Patatas_bravas_madrid_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Patatas_bravas_madrid_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Patatas_bravas_madrid_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Patatas_bravas_madrid_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="598" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Patatas_bravas" title="Patatas bravas">Patatas bravas</a>, a very common bar snack served as <a href="/wiki/Tapas" title="Tapas">tapa</a></div></div></div></div></div> The Madrilenian cuisine has received plenty of influences from other regions of Spain and its own identity actually relies in its ability to assimilate elements from the immigration.<a href="#cite_note-5d-189">[187]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cocido_madrile%C3%B1o" title="Cocido madrileño">cocido madrileño</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Chickpea" title="Chickpea">chickpea</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Stew" title="Stew">stew</a>, is one of the most emblematic dishes of the Madrilenian cuisine.<a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Callos_a_la_madrile%C3%B1a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Callos a la madrileña (page does not exist)">callos a la madrileña</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/callos_a_la_madrile%C3%B1a" class="extiw" title="es:callos a la madrileña">es</a>] is another traditional winter specialty, usually made of cattle <a href="/wiki/Tripe" title="Tripe">tripes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Madridiario-2020-191">[189]</a> Other <a href="/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">offal</a> dishes typical in the city include the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallinejas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gallinejas (page does not exist)">gallinejas</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/gallinejas" class="extiw" title="es:gallinejas">es</a>]<a href="#cite_note-Madridiario-2020-191">[189]</a> or grilled <a href="/wiki/Pig%27s_ear_(food)" title="Pig's ear (food)">pig's ear</a>.<a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a> Fried <a href="/wiki/Squid" title="Squid">squid</a> has become a culinary specialty in Madrid, often consumed in sandwich as <a href="/wiki/Squid_sandwich" title="Squid sandwich">bocata de calamares</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Madridiario-2020-191">[189]</a> Other generic dishes commonly accepted as part of the Madrilenian cuisine include the <a href="/wiki/Potaje" class="mw-redirect" title="Potaje">potaje</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Garlic_soup" title="Garlic soup">sopa de ajo</a> (Garlic soup), the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_omelette" title="Spanish omelette">Spanish omelette</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Besugo_a_la_madrile%C3%B1a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Besugo a la madrileña (page does not exist)">besugo a la madrileña</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/besugo_a_la_madrile%C3%B1a" class="extiw" title="es:besugo a la madrileña">es</a>] (<a href="/wiki/Bream" title="Bream">bream</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caracoles_a_la_madrile%C3%B1a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caracoles a la madrileña (page does not exist)">caracoles a la madrileña</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/caracoles_a_la_madrile%C3%B1a" class="extiw" title="es:caracoles a la madrileña">es</a>] (<a href="/wiki/Snail" title="Snail">snails</a>, sp. <a href="/wiki/Cornu_aspersum" title="Cornu aspersum">Cornu aspersum</a>) or the <a href="/wiki/Soldaditos_de_Pav%C3%ADa" title="Soldaditos de Pavía">soldaditos de Pavía</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patatas_bravas" title="Patatas bravas">patatas bravas</a> (consumed as snack in bars) or the gallina en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepitoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pepitoria (page does not exist)">pepitoria</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/pepitoria" class="extiw" title="es:pepitoria">es</a>] (hen or chicken cooked with the yolk of <a href="/wiki/Boiled_egg" title="Boiled egg">hard-boiled eggs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">almonds</a>) to name a few.<a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-davalos-194">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-5d-189">[187]</a> Traditional desserts include <a href="/wiki/French_toast" title="French toast">torrijas</a> (a variant of French toast consumed during Easter)<a href="#cite_note-Madridiario-2020-191">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bartolillos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bartolillos (page does not exist)">bartolillos</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/bartolillos" class="extiw" title="es:bartolillos">es</a>].<a href="#cite_note-davalos-194">[192]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Community_of_Madrid" title="Cuisine of the Community of Madrid">Cuisine of the Community of Madrid</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nightlife">Nightlife</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Nightlife">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madrid_(28228858839).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Madrid_%2828228858839%29.jpg/220px-Madrid_%2828228858839%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Madrid_%2828228858839%29.jpg/330px-Madrid_%2828228858839%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Madrid_%2828228858839%29.jpg/440px-Madrid_%2828228858839%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4875" data-file-height="3255" /></a><figcaption>Nightlife in the Centro District</figcaption></figure> Madrid is an international hub of highly active and diverse <a href="/wiki/Nightlife" title="Nightlife">nightlife</a> with <a href="/wiki/Bar_(establishment)" title="Bar (establishment)">bars</a>, dance bars and <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">nightclubs</a> staying open well past midnight.<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a> Madrid is reputed to have a "vibrant <a href="/wiki/Nightlife" title="Nightlife">nightlife</a>".<a href="#cite_note-cnn-197">[195]</a> Some of the highlight bustling locations include the surroundings of the <a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_Santa_Ana" title="Plaza de Santa Ana">Plaza de Santa Ana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malasa%C3%B1a" title="Malasaña">Malasaña</a> and La Latina (particularly near the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calle_de_la_Cava_Baja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calle de la Cava Baja (page does not exist)">Cava Baja</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calle_de_la_Cava_Baja" class="extiw" title="es:Calle de la Cava Baja">es</a>]).<a href="#cite_note-cnn-197">[195]</a> It is one of the city's main attractions with tapas bars, cocktail bars, clubs, jazz lounges, live music venues and flamenco theatres. Most nightclubs liven up by 1:30 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style>a.m.and stay open until at least 6 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791">a.m.<a href="#cite_note-cnn-197">[195]</a> Nightlife flourished in the 1980s while Madrid's mayor <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Tierno_Galv%C3%A1n" title="Enrique Tierno Galván">Enrique Tierno Galván</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">PSOE</a>) was in office, nurturing the cultural-musical movement known as <a href="/wiki/La_Movida_Madrile%C3%B1a" title="La Movida Madrileña">La Movida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a> Nowadays, the <a href="/wiki/Malasa%C3%B1a" title="Malasaña">Malasaña</a> area is known for its <a href="/wiki/Independent_music" title="Independent music">alternative</a> scene. The area of <a href="/wiki/Chueca,_Madrid" title="Chueca, Madrid">Chueca</a> has also become a hot spot in the Madrilenian nightlife, especially for the gay population. Chueca is known as gay quarter, comparable to the <a href="/wiki/Castro_District,_San_Francisco" title="Castro District, San Francisco">Castro District</a> in San Francisco.<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/La_Movida_Madrile%C3%B1a" title="La Movida Madrileña">La Movida Madrileña</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bohemian_culture">Bohemian culture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Bohemian culture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madrid_(48046139067).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Madrid_%2848046139067%29.jpg/220px-Madrid_%2848046139067%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Madrid_%2848046139067%29.jpg/330px-Madrid_%2848046139067%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Madrid_%2848046139067%29.jpg/440px-Madrid_%2848046139067%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4885" data-file-height="3261" /></a><figcaption>Nights in <a href="/wiki/Malasa%C3%B1a" title="Malasaña">Malasaña</a> are often crowded.</figcaption></figure> The city has venues for performing alternative art and expressive art. They are mostly located in the centre of the city, including in Ópera, Antón Martín, <a href="/wiki/Chueca,_Madrid" title="Chueca, Madrid">Chueca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malasa%C3%B1a" title="Malasaña">Malasaña</a>. There are also several festivals in Madrid, including the Festival of Alternative Art, and the Festival of the Alternative Scene.<a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a> The neighbourhood of <a href="/wiki/Malasa%C3%B1a" title="Malasaña">Malasaña</a>, as well as Antón Martín and <a href="/wiki/Lavapi%C3%A9s" title="Lavapiés">Lavapiés</a>, hosts several bohemian cafés/galleries. These cafés are typified with period or retro furniture or furniture found on the street, a colourful, nontraditional atmosphere inside, and usually art displayed each month by a new artist, often for sale. Cafés include the retro café Lolina and bohemian cafés La Ida, La Paca and Café de la Luz in Malasaña, La Piola in Huertas and Café Olmo and Aguardiente in Lavapiés. In the neighbourhood of Lavapiés, there are also "hidden houses", which are illegal bars or abandoned spaces where concerts, poetry readings and<a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a> the famous Spanish <a href="/wiki/Botell%C3%B3n" title="Botellón">botellón</a> (a street party or gathering that is now illegal but rarely stopped). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classical_music_and_opera">Classical music and opera</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Classical music and opera">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palco_TeatroReal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Palco_TeatroReal.jpg/220px-Palco_TeatroReal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Palco_TeatroReal.jpg/330px-Palco_TeatroReal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Palco_TeatroReal.jpg/440px-Palco_TeatroReal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3660" data-file-height="2450" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Real" title="Teatro Real">Teatro Real</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/National_Auditorium_of_Music" title="National Auditorium of Music">Auditorio Nacional de Música</a> <a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a> is the main venue for classical music concerts in Madrid. It is home to the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_National_Orchestra" title="Spanish National Orchestra">Spanish National Orchestra</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chamart%C3%ADn_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Chamartín Symphony Orchestra">Chamartín Symphony Orchestra</a><a href="#cite_note-Orquesta_Sinfónica_Chamartín-Historia_(in_Spanish)-208">[206]</a> and the venue for the symphonic concerts of the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid_Orchestra" title="Community of Madrid Orchestra">Community of Madrid Orchestra</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Symphony_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid Symphony Orchestra">Madrid Symphony Orchestra</a>. It is also the principal venue for orchestras on tour playing in Madrid. The <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Real" title="Teatro Real">Teatro Real</a> is the main opera house in Madrid, located just in front of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Madrid" title="Royal Palace of Madrid">Royal Palace</a>, and its resident orchestra is the <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Symphony_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid Symphony Orchestra">Madrid Symphony Orchestra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a> The theatre stages around seventeen opera titles (both own productions and co-productions with other major European opera houses) per year, as well as two or three major ballets and several recitals. The <a href="/wiki/Teatro_de_la_Zarzuela" title="Teatro de la Zarzuela">Teatro de la Zarzuela</a> is mainly devoted to <a href="/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela">Zarzuela</a> (the Spanish traditional musical theatre genre), as well as <a href="/wiki/Operetta" title="Operetta">operetta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Recital" class="mw-redirect" title="Recital">recitals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a> The resident orchestra of the theatre is the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid_Orchestra" title="Community of Madrid Orchestra">Community of Madrid Orchestra</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Monumental" title="Teatro Monumental">Teatro Monumental</a> is the concert venue of the <a href="/wiki/RTVE_Symphony_Orchestra" title="RTVE Symphony Orchestra">RTVE Symphony Orchestra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a> Other concert venues for classical music are the Fundación Joan March and the <a href="/wiki/Museo_Nacional_Centro_de_Arte_Reina_Sof%C3%ADa" title="Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía">Auditorio 400</a>, devoted to contemporary music. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feasts_and_festivals">Feasts and festivals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Feasts and festivals">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="San_Isidro">San Isidro</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: San Isidro">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madrid_-_Fiestas_de_San_Isidro_-_20070515-45.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Madrid_-_Fiestas_de_San_Isidro_-_20070515-45.jpg/220px-Madrid_-_Fiestas_de_San_Isidro_-_20070515-45.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Madrid_-_Fiestas_de_San_Isidro_-_20070515-45.jpg/330px-Madrid_-_Fiestas_de_San_Isidro_-_20070515-45.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Madrid_-_Fiestas_de_San_Isidro_-_20070515-45.jpg/440px-Madrid_-_Fiestas_de_San_Isidro_-_20070515-45.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3880" data-file-height="2580" /></a><figcaption>Festivities of San Isidro Labrador in the pradera, 2007</figcaption></figure> The local feast par excellence is the Day of <a href="/wiki/Isidore_the_Laborer" title="Isidore the Laborer">Isidore the Laborer</a> (San Isidro Labrador), the patron Saint of Madrid, celebrated on 15 May. It is a <a href="/wiki/Public_holiday" title="Public holiday">public holiday</a>. According to tradition, Isidro was a farmworker and well manufacturer born in Madrid in the late 11th century, who lived a pious life and whose corpse was reportedly found to be <a href="/wiki/Incorruptibility" title="Incorruptibility">incorrupt</a> in 1212. Already very popular among the madrilenian people, as Madrid became the capital of the Hispanic Monarchy in 1561 the city council pulled efforts to promote his canonization; the process started in 1562.<a href="#cite_note-213">[211]</a> Isidro was beatified in 1619 and the feast day set on 15 May<a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a> (he was finally canonized in 1622).<a href="#cite_note-215">[213]</a> On 15 May the Madrilenian people gather around the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermitage_of_San_Isidro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermitage of San Isidro (page does not exist)">Hermitage of San Isidro</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermita_de_San_Isidro_(Madrid)" class="extiw" title="es:Ermita de San Isidro (Madrid)">es</a>] and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Park_of_San_Isidro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Park of San Isidro (page does not exist)">Prairie of San Isidro</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parque_de_San_Isidro" class="extiw" title="es:Parque de San Isidro">es</a>] (on the right-bank of the <a href="/wiki/Manzanares_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Manzanares River">Manzanares</a>) often dressed with checkered caps (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Parpusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parpusa (page does not exist)">parpusas</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parpusa" class="extiw" title="es:Parpusa">es</a>]) and kerchiefs (safos)<a href="#cite_note-216">[214]</a> characteristic of the <a href="/wiki/Chulapo" title="Chulapo">chulapos</a> and chulapas, dancing <a href="/wiki/Schottische" title="Schottische">chotis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pasodoble" title="Pasodoble">pasodobles</a>, eating rosquillas and barquillos.<a href="#cite_note-217">[215]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="LGBT_pride">LGBT pride</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: LGBT pride">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Pride" title="Madrid Pride">Madrid Pride</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WorldPride_2017_-_Madrid_-_Carrera_de_tacones_-_170629_180856.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/WorldPride_2017_-_Madrid_-_Carrera_de_tacones_-_170629_180856.jpg/220px-WorldPride_2017_-_Madrid_-_Carrera_de_tacones_-_170629_180856.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/WorldPride_2017_-_Madrid_-_Carrera_de_tacones_-_170629_180856.jpg/330px-WorldPride_2017_-_Madrid_-_Carrera_de_tacones_-_170629_180856.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/WorldPride_2017_-_Madrid_-_Carrera_de_tacones_-_170629_180856.jpg/440px-WorldPride_2017_-_Madrid_-_Carrera_de_tacones_-_170629_180856.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5267" data-file-height="3511" /></a><figcaption>High heels race in WorldPride Madrid 2017</figcaption></figure> The Madrilenian LGBT Pride has grown to become the event bringing the most people together in the city each year<a href="#cite_note-218">[216]</a> as well as one of the most important Pride celebrations worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a> Madrid's Pride Parade began in 1977, in the Chueca neighbourhood, which also marked the beginning of the gay, lesbian, transgender, and bisexual rights movement after being repressed for forty years in a dictatorship.<a href="#cite_note-MADO-2017-220">[218]</a> This claiming of LGBT rights has allowed the Pride Parade in Madrid to grow year after year, becoming one of the best in the world. In 2007, this was recognised by the European Pride Organisers Association (EPOA) when Madrid hosted <a href="/wiki/EuroPride" title="EuroPride">EuroPride</a>. It was hailed by the then President of the EPOA as "the best EuroPride in history".<a href="#cite_note-MADO-2016-221">[219]</a> In 2017, Madrid celebrated the 40th anniversary of their first Pride Parade by hosting the WorldPride Madrid 2017. Numerous conferences, seminars and workshops as well as cultural and sports activities took place at the festival, the event being a "kids and family pride" and a source of education. More than one million people attended the pride's central march.<a href="#cite_note-222">[220]</a> The main purpose of the celebration was presenting Madrid and the Spanish society in general as a multicultural, diverse, and tolerant community.<a href="#cite_note-MADO-2017-220">[218]</a> The 2018 <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Pride" title="Madrid Pride">Madrid Pride</a> roughly had 1.5 million participants.<a href="#cite_note-MADdestino-136">[135]</a>p. 34 Since Spain legalised <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> in July 2005,<a href="#cite_note-223">[221]</a> Madrid has become one of the largest hot spots for LGBT culture. With about 500 businesses aimed toward the LGBT community, Madrid has become a "Gateway of Diversity".<a href="#cite_note-MADO-2016-221">[219]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other">Other</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madrid_-_Preg%C3%B3n_carnaval_-_130209_175842.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Madrid_-_Preg%C3%B3n_carnaval_-_130209_175842.jpg/220px-Madrid_-_Preg%C3%B3n_carnaval_-_130209_175842.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Madrid_-_Preg%C3%B3n_carnaval_-_130209_175842.jpg/330px-Madrid_-_Preg%C3%B3n_carnaval_-_130209_175842.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Madrid_-_Preg%C3%B3n_carnaval_-_130209_175842.jpg/440px-Madrid_-_Preg%C3%B3n_carnaval_-_130209_175842.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4636" data-file-height="3091" /></a><figcaption>People in costumes during the proclamation (pregón) of the 2013 Carnival</figcaption></figure> Despite often being labelled as "having no tradition" by foreigners,<a href="#cite_note-alpuente-224">[222]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a> was popular in Madrid already in the 16th century. However, during the Francoist dictatorship the carnival was under government ban and the feasts suffered a big blow.<a href="#cite_note-alpuente-224">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[223]</a> It has been slowly recovering since then. Other signalled days include the regional day (2 May) commemorating the <a href="/wiki/Dos_de_Mayo_Uprising" title="Dos de Mayo Uprising">Dos de Mayo Uprising</a> (a public holiday), the feasts of San Antonio de la Florida (13 June), the feast of the Virgen de la Paloma (circa 15 August) or the day of the co-patron of Madrid, the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_of_Almudena" title="Virgin of Almudena">Virgin of Almudena</a> (9 November), although the latter's celebrations are rather religious in nature.<a href="#cite_note-226">[224]</a> The most important musical event in the city is the <a href="/wiki/Mad_Cool" title="Mad Cool">Mad Cool</a> festival; created in 2016, it reached an attendance of 240,000 during the three-day long schedule of the 2018 edition.<a href="#cite_note-MADdestino-136">[135]</a>p. 33 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bullfighting">Bullfighting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Bullfighting">edit</a>]</div> Madrid hosts the largest plaza de toros (bullring) in Spain, <a href="/wiki/Las_Ventas" title="Las Ventas">Las Ventas</a>, established in 1929. Las Ventas is considered by many to be the world centre of bullfighting and has a <a href="/wiki/Seating_capacity" title="Seating capacity">seating capacity</a> of almost 25,000. Madrid's <a href="/wiki/Bullfighting" title="Bullfighting">bullfighting</a> season begins in March and ends in October. Bullfights are held every day during the festivities of <a href="/wiki/Isidore_the_Laborer" title="Isidore the Laborer">San Isidro</a> (Madrid's <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a>) from mid May to early June, and every Sunday, and <a href="/wiki/Holiday" title="Holiday">public holiday</a>, the rest of the season. The style of the plaza is <a href="/wiki/Neo-Mud%C3%A9jar" title="Neo-Mudéjar">Neo-Mudéjar</a>. Las Ventas also hosts music concerts and other events outside of the bullfighting season. There is great controversy in Madrid with bullfighting.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>]<a href="#cite_note-227">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Madrid" title="Sport in Madrid">Sport in Madrid</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Football">Football</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Football">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Football_in_Madrid" title="Football in Madrid">Football in Madrid</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torres_running_at_goal_-_CdR_-_RM_v_ATL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Torres_running_at_goal_-_CdR_-_RM_v_ATL.jpg/220px-Torres_running_at_goal_-_CdR_-_RM_v_ATL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Torres_running_at_goal_-_CdR_-_RM_v_ATL.jpg/330px-Torres_running_at_goal_-_CdR_-_RM_v_ATL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Torres_running_at_goal_-_CdR_-_RM_v_ATL.jpg/440px-Torres_running_at_goal_-_CdR_-_RM_v_ATL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2852" data-file-height="1869" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Derby" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid Derby">Madrid Derby</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Bernab%C3%A9u_Stadium" title="Santiago Bernabéu Stadium">Santiago Bernabéu Stadium</a>, January 2015</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Real_Madrid_CF" title="Real Madrid CF">Real Madrid</a>, founded in 1902, compete in <a href="/wiki/La_Liga" title="La Liga">La Liga</a> and play their home games at the <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Bernab%C3%A9u_Stadium" title="Santiago Bernabéu Stadium">Santiago Bernabéu Stadium</a>. The club is one of the most widely supported teams in the world and their supporters are referred to as Madridistas or Merengues (Meringues). Real's supporters in Madrid are often believed to be constituted principally of members of the middle classes, however, this claim is in dispute and has not been proved. It has also been suggested that a large proportion of Real Madrid's fans are members of the working class.<a href="#cite_note-228">[226]</a> The club was selected as the <a href="/wiki/FIFA_Club_of_the_Century" title="FIFA Club of the Century">best club of the 20th century</a>, being the fifth <a href="/wiki/Forbes_list_of_the_most_valuable_sports_teams" title="Forbes list of the most valuable sports teams">most valuable sports club</a> in the world and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Spain_by_major_honours_won" title="List of football clubs in Spain by major honours won">most successful Spanish football club</a> with a total of 104 official titles (this includes a record 15 <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League" title="UEFA Champions League">European Cups</a> and a record 36 La Liga trophies). <a href="/wiki/Atl%C3%A9tico_Madrid" title="Atlético Madrid">Atlético Madrid</a>, founded in 1903, also compete in La Liga and play their home games at the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitano_Stadium" title="Metropolitano Stadium">Metropolitano Stadium</a>. The club is well-supported in the city, having the third national fan base in Spain and their supporters are referred to as Atléticos or Colchoneros (The Mattressers). Atlético is believed to draw its support mostly from working class citizens.<a href="#cite_note-229">[227]</a> The club is considered an <a href="/wiki/UEFA_coefficient#Men's_club_coefficient" title="UEFA coefficient">elite European team</a>, having won three <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Europa_League" title="UEFA Europa League">UEFA Europa League</a> titles and reached three <a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Cup_and_UEFA_Champions_League_finals" title="List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League finals">European Cup finals</a>. Domestically, Atletico have won eleven league titles and ten <a href="/wiki/Copa_del_Rey" title="Copa del Rey">Copa del Reys</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rayo_Vallecano" title="Rayo Vallecano">Rayo Vallecano</a>, founded in 1924, are the third most important football team of the city, based in the <a href="/wiki/Vallecas" title="Vallecas">Vallecas</a> neighborhood. They currently compete in La Liga, having secured promotion in 2021. The club's fans tend to be very left-wing and are known as <a href="/wiki/Buccaneer" title="Buccaneer">Buccaneers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Getafe_CF" title="Getafe CF">Getafe CF</a>, founded in 1983, also compete in La Liga and play their home games at the <a href="/wiki/Estadio_Coliseum" title="Estadio Coliseum">Estadio Coliseum</a>. The club was promoted to La Liga for the first time in 2004, and participated in the top level of Spanish football for twelve years between 2004 and 2016, and again since 2017. <a href="/wiki/CD_Legan%C3%A9s" title="CD Leganés">CD Leganés</a>, founded in 1928, compete in <a href="/wiki/Segunda_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Segunda Division">Segunda Division</a> and play their home games at the <a href="/wiki/Estadio_Municipal_de_Butarque" title="Estadio Municipal de Butarque">Estadio Municipal de Butarque</a>. In the 2015–16 season, for the first time in their history, Leganés earned promotion to La Liga. They remained in the top flight for four seasons, reaching a peak of 13th in 2018–19, before relegation in the last game of the following season, a 2–2 home draw with Real Madrid. Madrid hosted five European Cup/Champions League finals, four at the Santiago Bernabéu, and the <a href="/wiki/2019_UEFA_Champions_League_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 UEFA Champions League Final">2019 final</a> at the Metropolitano. The Bernabéu also hosted the <a href="/wiki/1964_European_Nations%27_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="1964 European Nations' Cup Final">Euro 1964 Final</a> (which <a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team">Spain</a> won) and <a href="/wiki/1982_FIFA_World_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="1982 FIFA World Cup Final">1982 FIFA World Cup Final</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Basketball">Basketball</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Basketball">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Final_del_Campeonato_del_Mundo_de_Baloncesto_2014_en_Madrid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Final_del_Campeonato_del_Mundo_de_Baloncesto_2014_en_Madrid.jpg/220px-Final_del_Campeonato_del_Mundo_de_Baloncesto_2014_en_Madrid.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Final_del_Campeonato_del_Mundo_de_Baloncesto_2014_en_Madrid.jpg/330px-Final_del_Campeonato_del_Mundo_de_Baloncesto_2014_en_Madrid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Final_del_Campeonato_del_Mundo_de_Baloncesto_2014_en_Madrid.jpg/440px-Final_del_Campeonato_del_Mundo_de_Baloncesto_2014_en_Madrid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1552" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/2014_FIBA_Basketball_World_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup Final">2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup Final</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_Deportes_de_la_Comunidad_de_Madrid" title="Palacio de Deportes de la Comunidad de Madrid">Palacio de Deportes</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Real_Madrid_Baloncesto" title="Real Madrid Baloncesto">Real Madrid Baloncesto</a>, founded in 1931, compete in <a href="/wiki/Liga_ACB" title="Liga ACB">Liga ACB</a> and play their home games at the <a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_Deportes_de_la_Comunidad_de_Madrid" title="Palacio de Deportes de la Comunidad de Madrid">Palacio de Deportes</a> (WiZink Center). Real Madrid's basketball section, similar to its football team, is the most successful team in Europe, with a record 11 <a href="/wiki/EuroLeague" title="EuroLeague">EuroLeague</a> titles. Domestically, they have clinched a record 36 league titles and a record 28 <a href="/wiki/Copa_del_Rey_de_Baloncesto" title="Copa del Rey de Baloncesto">Copa del Reys</a>. <a href="/wiki/CB_Estudiantes" title="CB Estudiantes">Club Baloncesto Estudiantes</a>, founded in 1948, compete in <a href="/wiki/Liga_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_Baloncesto" class="mw-redirect" title="Liga Española de Baloncesto">LEB Oro</a> and also play their home games at the Palacio de Deportes (WiZink Center). Until 2021, Estudiantes was one of only three teams that have never been relegated from <a href="/wiki/Spanish_basketball_league_system" title="Spanish basketball league system">Spain's top division</a>. Historically, its achievements include three cup titles and four league runners-up placements. Madrid has hosted six <a href="/wiki/EuroLeague_Finals" title="EuroLeague Finals">European Cup/EuroLeague finals</a>, the last two at the Palacio de Deportes. The city also hosted the final matches for the <a href="/wiki/1986_FIBA_World_Championship" title="1986 FIBA World Championship">1986</a> and <a href="/wiki/2014_FIBA_Basketball_World_Cup" title="2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup">2014</a> <a href="/wiki/FIBA_Basketball_World_Cup" title="FIBA Basketball World Cup">FIBA World Cups</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/EuroBasket_2007" title="EuroBasket 2007">EuroBasket 2007</a> final (all held at the Palacio de Deportes). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Events">Events</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Events">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Safina_and_Wozniacki_at_Women%27s_Final_(10)_(3622888926).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Safina_and_Wozniacki_at_Women%27s_Final_%2810%29_%283622888926%29.jpg/220px-Safina_and_Wozniacki_at_Women%27s_Final_%2810%29_%283622888926%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Safina_and_Wozniacki_at_Women%27s_Final_%2810%29_%283622888926%29.jpg/330px-Safina_and_Wozniacki_at_Women%27s_Final_%2810%29_%283622888926%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Safina_and_Wozniacki_at_Women%27s_Final_%2810%29_%283622888926%29.jpg/440px-Safina_and_Wozniacki_at_Women%27s_Final_%2810%29_%283622888926%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/2009_Mutua_Madrile%C3%B1a_Madrid_Open_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_Singles" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open – Women's Singles">2009 Madrid Open</a> Women's Final at the <a href="/wiki/Caja_M%C3%A1gica" title="Caja Mágica">Caja Mágica</a></figcaption></figure> The main annual international event in <a href="/wiki/Cycle_sport" title="Cycle sport">cycling</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vuelta_a_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Vuelta a España">Vuelta a España</a> (La Vuelta), is one of the three worldwide prestigious three-week-long <a href="/wiki/Grand_Tours" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Tours">Grand Tours</a>, and its final stages takes place in Madrid on the first Sunday of September. In <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>, the city hosts <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Open_(tennis)" title="Madrid Open (tennis)">Madrid Open</a>, both male and female versions, played on clay court. The event is part of the nine <a href="/wiki/ATP_Tour_Masters_1000" class="mw-redirect" title="ATP Tour Masters 1000">ATP Masters 1000</a> and nine <a href="/wiki/WTA_1000_tournaments" title="WTA 1000 tournaments">WTA 1000 tournaments</a>. It is held during the first week of May in the <a href="/wiki/Caja_M%C3%A1gica" title="Caja Mágica">Caja Mágica</a>. Additionally, Madrid hosts the finals of the major tournament for men's national teams, <a href="/wiki/Davis_Cup" title="Davis Cup">Davis Cup</a>, since <a href="/wiki/2019_Davis_Cup" title="2019 Davis Cup">2019</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Formula_1">Formula 1</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Formula 1">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula 1</a> announced that Madrid will be hosting the 2026 <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Grand_Prix" title="Spanish Grand Prix">Spanish Grand Prix</a> around the <a href="/wiki/IFEMA_Palacio_Municipal" title="IFEMA Palacio Municipal">IFEMA</a> complex which includes the F1 Exhibition Centre and is close to the <a href="/wiki/Estadio_Alfredo_Di_St%C3%A9fano" class="mw-redirect" title="Estadio Alfredo Di Stéfano">Estadio Alfredo Di Stéfano</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Real_Madrid" title="Ciudad Real Madrid">Ciudad Real Madrid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-230">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[229]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Spain" title="Education in Spain">Education in Spain</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Spain" title="Education in Spain">Education in Spain</a> is free, and compulsory from 6 to 16 years. The <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education system</a> is called LOE (Ley Orgánica de Educación).<a href="#cite_note-232">[230]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities">Universities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Universities">edit</a>]</div> Madrid is home to many public and <a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private universities</a>. Some of them are among the oldest in the world, and many of them are the most prestigious universities in Spain. The <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Nacional_de_Educaci%C3%B3n_a_Distancia" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia">National Distance Education University</a> (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia; UNED) has as its mission the public service of higher education through the modality of distance education. At more than 205,000 students (2015), UNED has the largest student population in Spain and is one of the largest universities in Europe. Since 1972, UNED has sought to translate into action the principle of equal opportunity in access to higher education through a methodology based on the principles of distance learning and focused on the needs of the student.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rectorado_de_la_Universidad_Complutense_de_Madrid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Rectorado_de_la_Universidad_Complutense_de_Madrid.jpg/170px-Rectorado_de_la_Universidad_Complutense_de_Madrid.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Rectorado_de_la_Universidad_Complutense_de_Madrid.jpg/255px-Rectorado_de_la_Universidad_Complutense_de_Madrid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Rectorado_de_la_Universidad_Complutense_de_Madrid.jpg/340px-Rectorado_de_la_Universidad_Complutense_de_Madrid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The rectorate of the <a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">Complutense University of Madrid</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">Complutense University of Madrid</a> (Universidad Complutense de Madrid; UCM) is the second largest university in Spain after UNED and one of the oldest universities in the world. It has over 11,000 staff members and a student population of 117,000. Most of the academic staff is Spanish. It is located on two campuses, the main one of <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Universitaria_de_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid">Ciudad Universitaria</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Moncloa-Aravaca" title="Moncloa-Aravaca">Moncloa-Aravaca</a> district, and the secondary campus of Somosaguas, located outside the city limits in <a href="/wiki/Pozuelo_de_Alarc%C3%B3n" title="Pozuelo de Alarcón">Pozuelo de Alarcón</a> and founded in 1971.<a href="#cite_note-233">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-Universidad_Complutense-234">[232]</a> The Complutense University of Madrid was founded in <a href="/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_de_Henares" title="Alcalá de Henares">Alcalá de Henares</a>, old Complutum, by Cardinal Cisneros in 1499. Nevertheless, its real origin dates back to 1293, when King <a href="/wiki/Sancho_IV_of_Castile" title="Sancho IV of Castile">Sancho IV of Castile</a> built the General Schools of Alcalá, which would give rise to Cisnero's Complutense University. Between 1509 and 1510, five schools were already operative: Artes y Filosofía (Arts and Philosophy), Teología (Theology), Derecho Canónico (Canonical Laws), Letras (Liberal Arts) and Medicina (Medicine). In 1836, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella II of Spain">Isabel II</a>, the university was moved to Madrid, where it took the name of Central University and was located at San Bernardo Street. Subsequently, in 1927, a new <a href="/wiki/University_City_of_Madrid" title="University City of Madrid">University City</a> (Ciudad Universitaria) was planned to be built in the district of Moncloa-Aravaca, in lands handed over by the King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XIII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso XIII of Spain">Alfonso XIII</a> to this purpose. The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> turned the University City into a war zone, causing the destruction of several schools in the area, as well as the loss of part of its rich scientific, artistic and bibliographic heritage. In 1970 the Government reformed higher education, and the Central University became the Complutense University of Madrid. It was then that the new campus at Somosaguas was created to house the new School of Social Sciences. The old Alcalá campus was reopened as the independent UAH, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alcal%C3%A1" title="University of Alcalá">University of Alcalá</a>, in 1977. Complutense also serves a population of students who select Madrid for their <a href="/wiki/Study_abroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Study abroad">study abroad</a> period. Students from the United States, for example, might go to Madrid on a program like API (Academic Programs International) and study at Complutense for an intense immersion in the Spanish language. After studying at the university, students return home with fluency in Spanish as well as an enhanced understanding of culture and diversity.<a href="#cite_note-Universidad_Complutense_de_Madrid-235">[233]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Etsiminasmadrid.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Etsiminasmadrid.JPG/220px-Etsiminasmadrid.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Etsiminasmadrid.JPG/330px-Etsiminasmadrid.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Etsiminasmadrid.JPG/440px-Etsiminasmadrid.JPG 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>School of Mines, <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Madrid" title="Technical University of Madrid">Technical University of Madrid</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Madrid" title="Technical University of Madrid">Technical University of Madrid</a> (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; UPM), is the top technical university in Spain. It is the result of the merger of different <a href="/wiki/Technical_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical school">Technical Schools</a> of Engineering. It shares the Ciudad Universitaria campus with the UCM, while it also owns several schools scattered in the city centre and additional campuses in the <a href="/wiki/Puente_de_Vallecas" title="Puente de Vallecas">Puente de Vallecas</a> district and in the neighbouring municipality of <a href="/wiki/Boadilla_del_Monte" title="Boadilla del Monte">Boadilla del Monte</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_University_of_Madrid" title="Autonomous University of Madrid">Autonomous University of Madrid</a> (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; UAM) was instituted under the leadership of the physicist, <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Cabrera_(physicist)" title="Nicolás Cabrera (physicist)">Nicolás Cabrera</a>. The Autonomous University is widely recognised for its research strengths in <a href="/wiki/Theoretical_physics" title="Theoretical physics">theoretical physics</a>. Known simply as La Autónoma by locals, its main site is the Cantoblanco Campus, located in the north of the municipality, close to its boundaries with the neighbouring municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Alcobendas" title="Alcobendas">Alcobendas</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_de_los_Reyes" title="San Sebastián de los Reyes">San Sebastián de los Reyes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tres_Cantos" title="Tres Cantos">Tres Cantos</a>. Located on the main site are the Rectorate building and the Faculties of Science, Philosophy and <a href="/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">Fine Arts</a>, Law, <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economic Science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Business" title="Business">Business Studies</a>, Psychology, Higher School of <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">Computing Science</a> and Engineering, and the Faculty of <a href="/wiki/Teacher_education" title="Teacher education">Teacher Training</a> and Education. The UAM is considered the institution to study law in Spain,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">according to whom?</a>]<a href="#cite_note-Elmundo.es-236">[234]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">Medical School</a> is sited outside the main site and beside the Hospital Universitario La Paz.<a href="#cite_note-Universidad_Autónoma-237">[235]</a> The private <a href="/wiki/Comillas_Pontifical_University" title="Comillas Pontifical University">Comillas Pontifical University</a> (Universidad Pontificia Comillas, UPC) has its rectorate and several faculties in Madrid. The private <a href="/wiki/Nebrija_University" title="Nebrija University">Nebrija University</a> is also based in Madrid. Some of the large public universities headquartered in the surrounding municipalities also have secondary campuses in Madrid proper: it is the case of the <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_University_of_Madrid" title="Charles III University of Madrid">Charles III University of Madrid</a> (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, UC3M) with its main site in <a href="/wiki/Getafe" title="Getafe">Getafe</a> and an educational facility in <a href="/wiki/Embajadores" title="Embajadores">Embajadores</a> (after signing a deal with the regional government and the city council in 2011)<a href="#cite_note-238">[236]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/King_Juan_Carlos_University" title="King Juan Carlos University">King Juan Carlos University</a> (Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, URJC) having its main site in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3stoles" title="Móstoles">Móstoles</a> and a secondary campus in <a href="/wiki/Vic%C3%A1lvaro" title="Vicálvaro">Vicálvaro</a>. The private <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Cela" title="Universidad Camilo José Cela">Camilo José Cela University</a> (Universidad Camilo José Cela, UCJC) has a postgraduate school in <a href="/wiki/Chamber%C3%AD" title="Chamberí">Chamberí</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_schools">Business schools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Business schools">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IE_Business_School17.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/IE_Business_School17.JPG/220px-IE_Business_School17.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/IE_Business_School17.JPG/330px-IE_Business_School17.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/IE_Business_School17.JPG/440px-IE_Business_School17.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Students of the IE Business School</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/IE_Business_School" title="IE Business School">IE Business School</a> (formerly Instituto de Empresa) has its main campus on the border of the Chamartín and Salamanca districts of Madrid. IE Business School recently ranked #1 in WSJ's 2009 rankings for Best MBA Programs under 2 years. It scored ahead of usual stalwarts, <a href="/wiki/INSEAD" title="INSEAD">INSEAD</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Management_Development" title="International Institute for Management Development">IMD</a>, giving it top billing among International MBA programs. Although based in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, both <a href="/wiki/IESE" class="mw-redirect" title="IESE">IESE Business School</a> and <a href="/wiki/ESADE_Business_School" title="ESADE Business School">ESADE Business School</a> also have Madrid campuses. These three schools are the top-ranked <a href="/wiki/Business_school" title="Business school">business schools</a> in Spain, consistently rank among the top 20 business schools globally, and offer <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">MBA</a> programs (in English or Spanish) as well as other business degrees. Madrid is a good destination for business schools and a city much desired by foreign students. The most important Spanish business schools (IESE, IE, ESADE) have invested 125 million euros in expanding their campuses in Madrid in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-239">[237]</a> Other Madrid business schools and universities that have MBA programs include: <a href="/wiki/EAE_Business_School" title="EAE Business School">EAE Business School</a> (in English and Spanish), the <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_University_of_Madrid" title="Charles III University of Madrid">Charles III University of Madrid</a> through the Centro de Ampliación de Estudios (in English or Spanish); the <a href="/wiki/Comillas_Pontifical_University" title="Comillas Pontifical University">Comillas Pontifical University</a> (in Spanish only) and the <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Madrid" title="Technical University of Madrid">Technical University of Madrid</a> (in Spanish only). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Madrid" title="Transport in Madrid">Transport in Madrid</a></div>In 2018, Madrid banned all non-resident vehicles from its downtown areas.<a href="#cite_note-Jones-2018-240">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[239]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M-30_(Madrid,_Spain)_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/M-30_%28Madrid%2C_Spain%29_04.jpg/220px-M-30_%28Madrid%2C_Spain%29_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/M-30_%28Madrid%2C_Spain%29_04.jpg/330px-M-30_%28Madrid%2C_Spain%29_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/M-30_%28Madrid%2C_Spain%29_04.jpg/440px-M-30_%28Madrid%2C_Spain%29_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="2047" /></a><figcaption>The M-607 meets the M-30 north of the municipality.</figcaption></figure> Madrid is served by several roads and three modes of public surface transport, and two airports, one of them being almost two different airports. A great many important road, rail and air links converge on the capital, providing effective connections with other parts of the metropolitan region and with the rest of Spain and other parts of Europe. In the 1960s, sweeping urban reforms were promoted to accommodate Madrid to the private car (most notably the removal of boulevards and the incorporation of overpasses), in some ways similarly to other European cities, but in the distinct context of poverty of public debate, which was limited by a dictatorship putting its own interests and those of its clientelist networks before other concerns when it came to alter the urban fabric, thereby marginizalizing the pedestrian.<a href="#cite_note-242">[240]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_transport">Road transport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Road transport">edit</a>]</div> <dl><dt>Madrid Central</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Central" title="Madrid Central">Madrid Central</a></div> Cars (except for hybrid and electric vehicles as well as residents and guests) were banned in the <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Central" title="Madrid Central">Madrid Central</a> low-emission zone in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-citylabcarban-243">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[242]</a> Pollution in the area dropped following the ban.<a href="#cite_note-245">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-citylabcarban-243">[241]</a> In 2016 it was announced that Madrid will stop the use of all diesel powered cars and trucks within the next decade.<a href="#cite_note-246">[244]</a> <dl><dt>Radial roads</dt></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_alta_capacidad_espa%C3%B1a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Red_alta_capacidad_espa%C3%B1a.svg/220px-Red_alta_capacidad_espa%C3%B1a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Red_alta_capacidad_espa%C3%B1a.svg/330px-Red_alta_capacidad_espa%C3%B1a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Red_alta_capacidad_espa%C3%B1a.svg/440px-Red_alta_capacidad_espa%C3%B1a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>The network of high capacity roads in Spain features its most important node in Madrid.</figcaption></figure> Madrid is the centre of the most important roads of Spain. Already in 1720, the Reglamento General de Postas enacted by <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V</a> configurated the basis of a radial system of roads in the country.<a href="#cite_note-247">[245]</a> Madrid features a number of the most prominent <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa" title="Autovía">autovías</a> (fast dualled highways), part of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Road_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Road Network (page does not exist)">State Road Network</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_de_Carreteras_del_Estado" class="extiw" title="es:Red de Carreteras del Estado">es</a>]. Clock-wise starting from the north: the <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa_A-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Autovía A-1">A-1</a> (Madrid–<a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%BAn" class="mw-redirect" title="Irún">Irún</a>–<a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French border</a>), <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa_A-2" title="Autovía A-2">A-2</a> (Madrid–<a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>–<a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>–French border), <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa_A-3" title="Autovía A-3">A-3</a> (Madrid–<a href="/wiki/Valencia,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Valencia, Spain">Valencia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa_A-4" title="Autovía A-4">A-4</a> (Madrid–<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba</a>–<a href="/wiki/Sevilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Sevilla">Sevilla</a>–<a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a>), <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa_A-5" title="Autovía A-5">A-5</a> (Madrid–<a href="/wiki/Badajoz" title="Badajoz">Badajoz</a>–<a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese border</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa_A-6" title="Autovía A-6">A-6</a> (Madrid–<a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa_A-42" title="Autovía A-42">A-42</a>, another highway connecting Madrid to <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a>, is also part of the State Network. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=M-607&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M-607 (page does not exist)">M-607</a> connects Madrid to the <a href="/wiki/Puerto_de_Navacerrada" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto de Navacerrada">Puerto de Navacerrada</a>. It is a fast dualled highway in its initial stretch from Madrid to <a href="/wiki/Colmenar_Viejo" title="Colmenar Viejo">Colmenar Viejo</a>, and part of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regional_Road_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regional Road Network (page does not exist)">Regional Road Network</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Red_de_Carreteras_de_la_Comunidad_de_Madrid" class="extiw" title="es:Anexo:Red de Carreteras de la Comunidad de Madrid">es</a>] (in relation to the concerning administration, not to the technical features of the road). Due to the large amount of traffic, new toll highways were built parallel to the main national freeways. Their names are <a href="/w/index.php?title=R-2_motorway_(Spain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R-2 motorway (Spain) (page does not exist)">R-2</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autopista_Radial_2" class="extiw" title="es:Autopista Radial 2">es</a>], <a href="/wiki/R-3_motorway_(Spain)" title="R-3 motorway (Spain)">R-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/R-4_motorway_(Spain)" title="R-4 motorway (Spain)">R-4</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=R-5_motorway_(Spain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R-5 motorway (Spain) (page does not exist)">R-5</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autopista_Radial_5" class="extiw" title="es:Autopista Radial 5">es</a>] and they were intended to provide a paid alternative to the often overcrowded free radials. However, except the R-3, they do not end close to the M-30 innermost ring road, as the R-2 finishes in the M-40, the R-4 in the M-50 and the R-5 in the M-40. <dl><dt>Orbital roads</dt></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M_30_tunel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/M_30_tunel.jpg/220px-M_30_tunel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/M_30_tunel.jpg/330px-M_30_tunel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/M_30_tunel.jpg/440px-M_30_tunel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="491" /></a><figcaption>M-30 tunnel parallel to the Manzanares</figcaption></figure> Also Madrid road network includes four <a href="/wiki/Ring_road" title="Ring road">orbital</a> ones at different distances from the centre. The innermost ring-road, the <a href="/wiki/Autopista_de_Circunvalaci%C3%B3n_M-30" title="Autopista de Circunvalación M-30">M-30</a>, is the only one with its path strictly located within the Madrid municipal limits. It is owned by the <a href="/wiki/Madrid_City_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid City Council">Madrid City Council</a> and operated by Madrid Calle 30, S.A. It is the busiest Spanish road, famous for its traffic jams. A significant portion of the southern part runs underground parallel to the <a href="/wiki/Manzanares_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Manzanares River">Manzanares</a>, with tunnel sections of more than 6 km (3.7 mi) in length and 3 to 6 lanes in each direction. The second ring-road, the <a href="/wiki/Autopista_de_Circunvalaci%C3%B3n_M-40" title="Autopista de Circunvalación M-40">M-40</a> (part of the State Road Network) circles the city, while also extending to other surrounding municipalities. A NW stretch of the road runs underground, below the southern reaches of the <a href="/wiki/Monte_de_El_Pardo" title="Monte de El Pardo">Monte de El Pardo</a> protected area. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Autopista_de_Circunvalaci%C3%B3n_M-45&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autopista de Circunvalación M-45 (page does not exist)">M-45</a> partially circles the city, connecting the M-40 and M-50, passing through areas like Villaverde and Vallecas in the southeast of the municipality. The <a href="/wiki/Autopista_de_Circunvalaci%C3%B3n_M-50" class="mw-redirect" title="Autopista de Circunvalación M-50">M-50</a>, the Madrid's outer ring road, connects municipalities and cities in the metropolitan area, like <a href="/wiki/Fuenlabrada" title="Fuenlabrada">Fuenlabrada</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3stoles" title="Móstoles">Móstoles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Getafe" title="Getafe">Getafe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legan%C3%A9s" title="Leganés">Leganés</a> in the south and <a href="/wiki/Boadilla_del_Monte" title="Boadilla del Monte">Boadilla del Monte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Las_Rozas_de_Madrid" title="Las Rozas de Madrid">Las Rozas</a> in the west. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Public transport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Madrid_Metro_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Madrid_Metro_Map.svg/220px-Madrid_Metro_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Madrid_Metro_Map.svg/330px-Madrid_Metro_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Madrid_Metro_Map.svg/440px-Madrid_Metro_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1123" data-file-height="1235" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Map of the <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Metro" title="Madrid Metro">Madrid Metro</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:CercaniasMadrid2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/CercaniasMadrid2018.png/220px-CercaniasMadrid2018.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/CercaniasMadrid2018.png/330px-CercaniasMadrid2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/CercaniasMadrid2018.png/440px-CercaniasMadrid2018.png 2x" data-file-width="1970" data-file-height="1802" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Cercan%C3%ADas_Madrid" title="Cercanías Madrid">Cercanías Madrid</a> map</div></div></div></div></div> There are four major components of public transport, with many <a href="/wiki/Transport_hub" title="Transport hub">intermodal interchanges</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Consorcio_Regional_de_Transportes_de_Madrid" title="Consorcio Regional de Transportes de Madrid">Consorcio Regional de Transportes de Madrid</a> (CRTM) coordinates the <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transport</a> operations across multiple providers in the region,<a href="#cite_note-248">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[247]</a> harmonizing fares for the commuter rail, rapid transit, light rail and bus transport services provided by different operators. <dl><dt>Metro</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Metro" title="Madrid Metro">Madrid Metro</a></div> The Metro is the <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> system serving Madrid as well as some suburbs. Founded in 1919, it underwent extensive enlargement in the second half of the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-transport-250">[248]</a> It is the third longest metro system in Europe (after <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Metro" title="Moscow Metro">Moscow</a> and <a href="/wiki/London_Subway" class="mw-redirect" title="London Subway">London</a>) at 294 km (183 mi). As of 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit">[update]</a>, it has 302 stations.<a href="#cite_note-251">[249]</a> Only the Métro of Paris has more stations. It features 13 lines; 12 of them are colour-coded and numbered 1 to 12 (<a href="/wiki/Line_1_(Madrid_Metro)" title="Line 1 (Madrid Metro)">Line 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Line_2_(Madrid_Metro)" title="Line 2 (Madrid Metro)">Line 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Line_3_(Madrid_Metro)" title="Line 3 (Madrid Metro)">Line 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Line_4_(Madrid_Metro)" title="Line 4 (Madrid Metro)">Line 4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Line_5_(Madrid_Metro)" title="Line 5 (Madrid Metro)">Line 5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Line_6_(Madrid_Metro)" title="Line 6 (Madrid Metro)">Line 6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Line_7_(Madrid_Metro)" title="Line 7 (Madrid Metro)">Line 7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Line_8_(Madrid_Metro)" title="Line 8 (Madrid Metro)">Line 8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Line_9_(Madrid_Metro)" title="Line 9 (Madrid Metro)">Line 9</a>, <a href="/wiki/Line_10_(Madrid_Metro)" title="Line 10 (Madrid Metro)">Line 10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Line_11_(Madrid_Metro)" title="Line 11 (Madrid Metro)">Line 11</a> and <a href="/wiki/Line_12_(Madrid_Metro)" title="Line 12 (Madrid Metro)">Line 12</a>), while the other one, the short <a href="/wiki/Ramal_(Madrid_Metro)" title="Ramal (Madrid Metro)">Ramal</a> (R), links Ópera to Príncipe Pío.<a href="#cite_note-transport-250">[248]</a> <dl><dt>Cercanías</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cercan%C3%ADas_Madrid" title="Cercanías Madrid">Cercanías Madrid</a></div> Cercanías Madrid is the <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail</a> service used for longer distances from the suburbs and beyond into Madrid, consisting of nine lines totalling 578 km (359 mi) and more than 90 stations. With fewer stops inside the centre of the city they are faster than the Metro, but run less frequently. This system is connected with Metro (presently 22 stations) and Light Metro. The lines are named: <a href="/wiki/C-1_(Cercan%C3%ADas_Madrid)" title="C-1 (Cercanías Madrid)">C-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-2_(Cercan%C3%ADas_Madrid)" title="C-2 (Cercanías Madrid)">C-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-3_(Cercan%C3%ADas_Madrid)" title="C-3 (Cercanías Madrid)">C-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-4_(Cercan%C3%ADas_Madrid)" title="C-4 (Cercanías Madrid)">C-4</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-5_(Cercan%C3%ADas_Madrid)" title="C-5 (Cercanías Madrid)">C-5</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-7_(Cercan%C3%ADas_Madrid)" title="C-7 (Cercanías Madrid)">C-7</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-8_(Cercan%C3%ADas_Madrid)" title="C-8 (Cercanías Madrid)">C-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-9_(Cercan%C3%ADas_Madrid)" title="C-9 (Cercanías Madrid)">C-9</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-10_(Cercan%C3%ADas_Madrid)" title="C-10 (Cercanías Madrid)">C-10</a>, respectively. <dl><dt>Buses</dt></dl> There is a dense network of <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">bus</a> routes, run by the municipal company <a href="/wiki/Empresa_Municipal_de_Transportes_de_Madrid" title="Empresa Municipal de Transportes de Madrid">Empresa Municipal de Transportes</a> (or EMT Madrid), which operates 24 hours a day; special services called "N lines" are run during nighttime. The special Airport Express Shuttle line connecting the airport with the city centre features distinctively yellow buses. In addition to the urban lines operated by the EMT, the green buses (interurbanos) connect the city with the suburbs. The later lines, while also regulated by the CRTM, are often run by private operators. Almost half of all journeys in the metropolitan area are made on public transport, a very high proportion compared with most European cities.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 62–4  Madrid has 15723 taxis around all the city. <dl><dt>Taxi</dt></dl> The taxicabs are regulated by a specific sub-division of taxi service, a body dependent of the <a href="/wiki/Madrid_City_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid City Council">Madrid City Council</a>. The authorisation entails a badge for the vehicle and a license for the driver, who has to be older than 18.<a href="#cite_note-252">[250]</a> Since the 1970s, the fleet of taxis has remained stable roughly around 16,000 vehicles, accounting for 15,600 in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-253">[251]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Long-distance_transport">Long-distance transport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Long-distance transport">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Estaci%C3%B3n_de_Madrid_Puerta_de_Atocha,_tren_AVE_con_destino_Valencia,_Espa%C3%B1a._Renfe_serie_112.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Estaci%C3%B3n_de_Madrid_Puerta_de_Atocha%2C_tren_AVE_con_destino_Valencia%2C_Espa%C3%B1a._Renfe_serie_112.JPG/220px-Estaci%C3%B3n_de_Madrid_Puerta_de_Atocha%2C_tren_AVE_con_destino_Valencia%2C_Espa%C3%B1a._Renfe_serie_112.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Estaci%C3%B3n_de_Madrid_Puerta_de_Atocha%2C_tren_AVE_con_destino_Valencia%2C_Espa%C3%B1a._Renfe_serie_112.JPG/330px-Estaci%C3%B3n_de_Madrid_Puerta_de_Atocha%2C_tren_AVE_con_destino_Valencia%2C_Espa%C3%B1a._Renfe_serie_112.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Estaci%C3%B3n_de_Madrid_Puerta_de_Atocha%2C_tren_AVE_con_destino_Valencia%2C_Espa%C3%B1a._Renfe_serie_112.JPG/440px-Estaci%C3%B3n_de_Madrid_Puerta_de_Atocha%2C_tren_AVE_con_destino_Valencia%2C_Espa%C3%B1a._Renfe_serie_112.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/AVE" title="AVE">AVE</a> rolling stock at the <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Atocha" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid Atocha">Madrid Atocha</a> station</figcaption></figure> In terms of longer-distance transport, Madrid is the central node of the system of <a href="/wiki/Autov%C3%ADa" title="Autovía">autovías</a>, giving the city direct fast road links with most parts of Spain and with France and Portugal. It is also the focal point of one of the world's three largest <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed rail</a> systems, Alta Velocidad Española (<a href="/wiki/AVE" title="AVE">AVE</a>), which has brought major cities such as Seville and Barcelona within 2.5 hours' travel time. There are now 2,900 km (1,800 mi) of AVE track, connecting Madrid with 17 provincial capitals, and further lines are under construction.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 72–75  Spanish companies are designing new high-speed trains which will be the new-generation <a href="/wiki/AVE" title="AVE">AVE</a>, much like the current <a href="/wiki/Talgo_AVRIL" title="Talgo AVRIL">Talgo AVRIL</a>. Aside from the local and regional bus commuting services, Madrid is also a node for long-distance bus connections to many national destinations. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estaci%C3%B3n_Sur_de_Autobuses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estación Sur de Autobuses (page does not exist)">Estación Sur de Autobuses</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estaci%C3%B3n_Sur_de_Autobuses" class="extiw" title="es:Estación Sur de Autobuses">es</a>] in Méndez Álvaro, the busiest bus station in the country,<a href="#cite_note-ep-254">[252]</a> also features international bus connections to cities in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> as well as to diverse European destinations.<a href="#cite_note-ep-254">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airport">Airport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Airport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Madrid-Barajas_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid-Barajas Airport">Madrid-Barajas Airport</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terminal_4_del_aeropuerto_de_Madrid-Barajas,_Espa%C3%B1a,_2013-01-09,_DD_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Terminal_4_del_aeropuerto_de_Madrid-Barajas%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2013-01-09%2C_DD_05.jpg/220px-Terminal_4_del_aeropuerto_de_Madrid-Barajas%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2013-01-09%2C_DD_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Terminal_4_del_aeropuerto_de_Madrid-Barajas%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2013-01-09%2C_DD_05.jpg/330px-Terminal_4_del_aeropuerto_de_Madrid-Barajas%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2013-01-09%2C_DD_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Terminal_4_del_aeropuerto_de_Madrid-Barajas%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2013-01-09%2C_DD_05.jpg/440px-Terminal_4_del_aeropuerto_de_Madrid-Barajas%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2013-01-09%2C_DD_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4714" data-file-height="3073" /></a><figcaption>Interior of the terminal 4 (T4) of the <a href="/wiki/Madrid%E2%80%93Barajas_Airport" title="Madrid–Barajas Airport">Madrid–Barajas Airport</a></figcaption></figure> Madrid is also home to the Madrid-Barajas Airport, the sixth-busiest airport in Europe, handling over 60 million passengers annually, of whom 70% are international travellers, in addition to the majority of Spain's <a href="/wiki/Air_freight" class="mw-redirect" title="Air freight">air freight</a> movements.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 76–78  Barajas is a major European hub, largely westward facing, specialized in the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, with a comparatively lighter connectivity to Asia.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Madrid's location at the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> makes it a major <a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">logistics</a> base.<a href="#cite_note-Estructura-128">[127]</a>: 79–80  Madrid-Barajas Airport has 4 terminals plus terminal 4S, called the Satellite terminal; this terminal is 2 km (1.2 mi) from terminal 4 and connected by an Automated <a href="/wiki/People_Mover" class="mw-redirect" title="People Mover">People Mover</a> System (APM) train. The smaller (and older) <a href="/wiki/Cuatro_Vientos_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuatro Vientos Airport">Cuatro Vientos Airport</a> has a dual military-civilian use and hosts several aviation schools. The <a href="/wiki/Torrej%C3%B3n_Air_Base" title="Torrejón Air Base">Torrejón Air Base</a>, located in the neighbouring municipality of <a href="/wiki/Torrej%C3%B3n_de_Ardoz" title="Torrejón de Ardoz">Torrejón de Ardoz</a>, also has a secondary civilian use aside from the military purpose. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: International relations">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diplomacy">Diplomacy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Diplomacy">edit</a>]</div> Madrid hosts <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Spain" title="List of diplomatic missions in Spain">121 foreign embassies</a> accredited before Spain,<a href="#cite_note-255">[253]</a> comprising the totality of resident embassies in the country. The headquarters of the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Spain)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Agency_for_International_Development_Cooperation" title="Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation">Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_School_of_Spain" title="Diplomatic School of Spain">Diplomatic School</a> are also located in the city. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_organizations">International organizations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: International organizations">edit</a>]</div> Madrid hosts the seat of international organizations such as the United Nations' <a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Tourism Organization">World Tourism Organization</a> (UNWTO), the <a href="/wiki/Ibero-American_General_Secretariat" title="Ibero-American General Secretariat">Ibero-American General Secretariat</a> (SEGIB), the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ibero-American_States" title="Organization of Ibero-American States">Organization of Ibero-American States</a> (OEI), the <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Youth_Organism_for_Iberoamerica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Youth Organism for Iberoamerica (page does not exist)">International Youth Organism for Iberoamerica</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismo_Internacional_de_Juventud_para_Iberoam%C3%A9rica" class="extiw" title="es:Organismo Internacional de Juventud para Iberoamérica">es</a>] (OIJ), the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibero-American_Organization_of_Social_Security&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibero-American Organization of Social Security (page does not exist)">Ibero-American Organization of Social Security</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Iberoamericana_de_Seguridad_Social" class="extiw" title="es:Organización Iberoamericana de Seguridad Social">es</a>] (OISS), the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_of_Securities_Commissions" title="International Organization of Securities Commissions">International Organization of Securities Commissions</a> (IOSCO), the <a href="/wiki/Club_of_Madrid" title="Club of Madrid">Club of Madrid</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_for_the_Conservation_of_Atlantic_Tunas" title="International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas">International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas</a> (ICCAT). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities">edit</a>]</div> Madrid has reached twin towns, sister city 'agreements' (acuerdos) with:<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, Japan (1965)<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, South Korea (1978)<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Portugal (1979)<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_City" title="Panama City">Panama City</a>, Panama (1980)<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, United States (1982)<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabo" title="Malabo">Malabo</a>, Equatorial Guinea (1982)<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, France (1984)<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bordeaux_twinnings-257">[255]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott">Nouakchott</a>, Mauritania (1986)<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany (1988)<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, Philippines (2005)<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2007)<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>, United Arab Emirates (2007)<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, United States (2014)<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li></ul> </div> Madrid has reached twin towns, sister city 'minutes' (actas) with:<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a>, Morocco (1988)<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli, Libya</a> (1988)<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Union_of_Ibero-American_Capital_Cities">Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities">edit</a>]</div> Madrid is part of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Ibero-American_Capital_Cities" title="Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities">Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[256]</a> establishing brotherly relations with the following cities through the issuing of a collective statement in October 1982: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asunci%C3%B3n" title="Asunción">Asunción</a>, Paraguay</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a>, Colombia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, Argentina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a>, Venezuela</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala_City" title="Guatemala City">Guatemala City</a>, Guatemala</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>, Cuba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Paz" title="La Paz">La Paz</a>, Bolivia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, Peru</li> <li>Lisbon, Portugal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managua" title="Managua">Managua</a>, Nicaragua</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, Mexico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a>, Uruguay</li> <li>Panama City, Panama</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quito" title="Quito">Quito</a>, Ecuador</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, Brazil</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_(Costa_Rica)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose (Costa Rica)">San Jose</a>, Costa Rica</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_(Puerto_Rico)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Juan (Puerto Rico)">San Juan</a>, Puerto Rico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Salvador" title="San Salvador">San Salvador</a>, El Salvador</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>, Chile</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a>, Dominican Republic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegucigalpa" title="Tegucigalpa">Tegucigalpa</a>, Honduras</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_city_partnerships">Other city partnerships</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Other city partnerships">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, Greece<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, Serbia<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brasilia">Brasilia</a>, Brazil<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Hungary<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu City</a>, Philippines<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, China<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao City</a>, Philippines<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a>, Mexico<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a>, Nepal<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini">Lumbini</a>, Nepal<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, Czech Republic<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Italy<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, Bulgaria<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucre" title="Sucre">Sucre</a>, Bolivia<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga City</a>, Philippines<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>, Morocco<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partnerships_with_international_organizations">Partnerships with international organizations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Partnerships with international organizations">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C40_Cities_Climate_Leadership_Group" title="C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group">C40 Cities</a><a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a> (OIT)<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibero-American_General_Secretariat" title="Ibero-American General Secretariat">Ibero-American General Secretariat</a> (SEGIB)<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization</a> (UNESCO)<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">United Nations Human Settlements Programme</a> (ONU-HABITAT)<a href="#cite_note-hermanadas-256">[254]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Madrid" title="List of people from Madrid">List of people from Madrid</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_predilect_and_adoptive_sons_and_daughters_of_Madrid" title="List of predilect and adoptive sons and daughters of Madrid">List of predilect and adoptive sons and daughters of Madrid</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: Honours">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Dome" title="Madrid Dome">Madrid Dome</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aristotle_Mountains" title="Aristotle Mountains">Aristotle Mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graham_Land" title="Graham Land">Graham Land</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>, is named after the city.<a href="#cite_note-259">[257]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/32px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/48px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/64px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/48px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/64px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:EU" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:EU">EU portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid Conference of 1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Madrid" title="Mayor of Madrid">Mayor of Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Madrid" title="List of tallest buildings in Madrid">List of tallest buildings in Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPENCities" title="OPENCities">OPENCities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_in_Madrid" title="List of films set in Madrid">List of films set in Madrid</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Alternative pronunciations going roughly as <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[maˈðɾi]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[maˈðɾiθ]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d0\/ES-pe_-_Madrid.ogg\/ES-pe_-_Madrid.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"ES-pe - Madrid.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/ES-pe_-_Madrid.ogg/ES-pe_-_Madrid.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:ES-pe_-_Madrid.ogg" title="File:ES-pe - Madrid.ogg">ⓘ</a> are also locally common (particularly the former), both coexisting with the standard pronunciation.<a href="#cite_note-Molina_Martos_2016-8">[8]</a> Although the latter is considered vulgar,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> it has experienced revitalization as a "folksy" pronunciation. </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Francisco Goya</a> was once one of the academy's directors, and its alumni include <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Salvador Dalí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_L%C3%B3pez_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Antonio López García">Antonio López García</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Luna" title="Juan Luna">Juan Luna</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Botero" title="Fernando Botero">Fernando Botero</a>.<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-wichita-164">[163]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_lpop1&lang=en">"Population on 1 January by age groups and sex – functional urban areas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150903213351/http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_lpop1&lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurostat&rft.atitle=Population+on+1+January+by+age+groups+and+sex+%E2%80%93+functional+urban+areas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fappsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu%2Fnui%2Fshow.do%3Fdataset%3Durb_lpop1%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-demographia-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-demographia_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-demographia_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-demographia_2-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf">"Demographia World Urban Areas"</a> (PDF). Demographia. 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110805030244/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 5 August 2011. 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Retrieved 18 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ec.europa.eu&rft.atitle=EU+regions+by+GDP%2C+Eurostat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2Ftgs00003%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalDataLab-7"><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">"Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab"</a>. hdi.globaldatalab.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdi.globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+%E2%80%93+Area+Database+%E2%80%93+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdi.globaldatalab.org%2Fareadata%2Fshdi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Molina_Martos_2016-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Molina_Martos_2016_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Molina_Martos_2016_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolina_Martos2016" class="citation journal cs1">Molina Martos, Isabel (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4067%2FS0718-93032016000200013">"Variación de la -/d/ final de palabra en Madrid: ¿prestigio abierto o encubierto?"</a>. Boletín de Filología. 51 (2): 347–367. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4067%2FS0718-93032016000200013">10.4067/S0718-93032016000200013</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0718-9303">0718-9303</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bolet%C3%ADn+de+Filolog%C3%ADa&rft.atitle=Variaci%C3%B3n+de+la+-%2Fd%2F+final+de+palabra+en+Madrid%3A+%C2%BFprestigio+abierto+o+encubierto%3F&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=347-367&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4067%2FS0718-93032016000200013&rft.issn=0718-9303&rft.aulast=Molina+Martos&rft.aufirst=Isabel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4067%252FS0718-93032016000200013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalgado2012" class="citation book cs1">Salgado, Cristóbal González (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2pfXvPErgYgC&pg=PA91">Eñe B1.2: der Spanischkurs</a>. Hueber Verlag. p. 91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-19-004294-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-19-004294-4"><bdi>978-3-19-004294-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805110427/https://books.google.com/books?id=2pfXvPErgYgC&pg=PA91">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=E%C3%B1e+B1.2%3A+der+Spanischkurs&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Hueber+Verlag&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-3-19-004294-4&rft.aulast=Salgado&rft.aufirst=Crist%C3%B3bal+Gonz%C3%A1lez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2pfXvPErgYgC%26pg%3DPA91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ine-11"><a href="#cite_ref-ine_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=2911">"Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Estad%C3%ADstica_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)">Instituto Nacional de Estadística</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170405093956/http://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=2911">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2017. 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Retrieved 26 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Algunos+aspectos+de+la+influencia+del+%C3%A1rabe+en+la+lengua+espa%C3%B1ola&rft.aulast=Khayat&rft.aufirst=Ikram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fddd.uab.cat%2Fpub%2Ftfg%2F2016%2Ftfg_45415%2FTFG_2015-16_FTI_Khayat.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CVC-30"><a href="#cite_ref-CVC_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cvc.cervantes.es/ensenanza/biblioteca_ele/plan_curricular/niveles/02_gramatica_inventario_c1-c2.htm">"CVC. Plan Curricular del Instituto Cervantes. 2. Gramática. Inventario. C1-C2"</a>. cvc.cervantes.es (in Spanish). CVC Centro Virtual Cervantes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240503164855/https://cvc.cervantes.es/ensenanza/biblioteca_ele/plan_curricular/niveles/02_gramatica_inventario_c1-c2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cvc.cervantes.es&rft.atitle=CVC.+Plan+Curricular+del+Instituto+Cervantes.+2.+Gram%C3%A1tica.+Inventario.+C1-C2.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcvc.cervantes.es%2Fensenanza%2Fbiblioteca_ele%2Fplan_curricular%2Fniveles%2F02_gramatica_inventario_c1-c2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated4-31"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/13/madrid/1150197854_850215.html">"Los primeros madrileños llegaron hace 500.000 años"</a>. El País. 13 June 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190824133955/https://elpais.com/diario/2006/06/13/madrid/1150197854_850215.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019 – via elpais.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Los+primeros+madrile%C3%B1os+llegaron+hace+500.000+a%C3%B1os&rft.date=2006-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fdiario%2F2006%2F06%2F13%2Fmadrid%2F1150197854_850215.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140224130445/http://www.nova.es/~jlb/mad_es04.htm">"La prehistoria de Madrid"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nova.es/~jlb/mad_es04.htm">the original</a> on 24 February 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+prehistoria+de+Madrid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nova.es%2F~jlb%2Fmad_es04.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Ocupaciones achelenses en el valle del Jarama (Arganda, Madrid);Santonja, Manuel; López Martínez, Nieves y Pérez-González, Alfredo;1980;Diputación provincial de Madrid;<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-500-3554-6" title="Special:BookSources/84-500-3554-6">84-500-3554-6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madrid.es/UnidadWeb/Contenidos/Publicaciones/TemaCulturaYOcio/SanIsidro/VillasRomana/VillasRomanas.pdf">"Las villas romanas de Madrid. Madrid en época romana"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202104506/http://www.madrid.es/UnidadWeb/Contenidos/Publicaciones/TemaCulturaYOcio/SanIsidro/VillasRomana/VillasRomanas.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 30 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Las+villas+romanas+de+Madrid.+Madrid+en+%C3%A9poca+romana.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.madrid.es%2FUnidadWeb%2FContenidos%2FPublicaciones%2FTemaCulturaYOcio%2FSanIsidro%2FVillasRomana%2FVillasRomanas.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> El Madrid antiguo en época romana;Fernández Palacios, Fernando;Estudios de Prehistoria y Arqueología Madrileñas;Number 13; year 2004 </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÁlvarezSánchez2013" class="citation news cs1">Álvarez, Pilar; Sánchez, Esther (21 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/ccaa/2013/06/20/madrid/1371756656_033167.html">"Hallado un taller paleolítico de más de 200.000 años en Vicálvaro"</a>. El País. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190825060515/https://elpais.com/ccaa/2013/06/20/madrid/1371756656_033167.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019 – via elpais.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Hallado+un+taller+paleol%C3%ADtico+de+m%C3%A1s+de+200.000+a%C3%B1os+en+Vic%C3%A1lvaro&rft.date=2013-06-21&rft.aulast=%C3%81lvarez&rft.aufirst=Pilar&rft.au=S%C3%A1nchez%2C+Esther&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fccaa%2F2013%2F06%2F20%2Fmadrid%2F1371756656_033167.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19991002215943/http://www.nova.es/~jlb/mad_es08.htm">"Madrid Islámico"</a>. Nova.es. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nova.es/~jlb/mad_es08.htm">the original</a> on 2 October 1999. Retrieved 7 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madrid+Isl%C3%A1mico&rft.pub=Nova.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nova.es%2F~jlb%2Fmad_es08.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> It was recorded in the 15th century by the Arab geographer al-Himyari, who wrote in his "The Book of the Fragrant Garden" (Kitab al-Rawd al-Mitar) about the history of the city. He describes: "Madrid, remarkable city of Al-Andalus, which was built by Amir Muhammad ibn Abd ar-Rahman..." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahamonde_MagroOtero_Carvajal19899-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahamonde_MagroOtero_Carvajal19899_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahamonde_MagroOtero_Carvajal19899_39-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBahamonde_MagroOtero_Carvajal1989">Bahamonde Magro & Otero Carvajal 1989</a>, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECestero_ManceraMolina_MartosParedes_García201518-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECestero_ManceraMolina_MartosParedes_García201518_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCestero_ManceraMolina_MartosParedes_García2015">Cestero Mancera, Molina Martos & Paredes García 2015</a>, p. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECerrillo_Torquemada2009245-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECerrillo_Torquemada2009245_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCerrillo_Torquemada2009">Cerrillo Torquemada 2009</a>, p. 245. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023002100/http://www.madrid.es/portales/munimadrid/es/Inicio/Ayuntamiento/Un-paseo-por-su-historia/Madrid-antiguo-y-medieval/El-Siglo-XIII?vgnextfmt=default&vgnextoid=51ac315b048b9010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD&vgnextchannel=56602c91497b9010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD">"Ayuntamiento de Madrid – El Siglo XIII"</a> (in Spanish). Madrid.es. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madrid.es/portales/munimadrid/es/Inicio/Ayuntamiento/Un-paseo-por-su-historia/Madrid-antiguo-y-medieval/El-Siglo-XIII?vgnextfmt=default&vgnextoid=51ac315b048b9010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD&vgnextchannel=56602c91497b9010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD">the original</a> on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 7 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ayuntamiento+de+Madrid+%E2%80%93+El+Siglo+XIII&rft.pub=Madrid.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.madrid.es%2Fportales%2Fmunimadrid%2Fes%2FInicio%2FAyuntamiento%2FUn-paseo-por-su-historia%2FMadrid-antiguo-y-medieval%2FEl-Siglo-XIII%3Fvgnextfmt%3Ddefault%26vgnextoid%3D51ac315b048b9010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD%26vgnextchannel%3D56602c91497b9010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuárez_Fernández2001137-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuárez_Fernández2001137_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSuárez_Fernández2001">Suárez Fernández 2001</a>, p. 137. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahamonde_MagroOtero_Carvajal198911–12-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahamonde_MagroOtero_Carvajal198911–12_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahamonde_MagroOtero_Carvajal198911–12_44-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBahamonde_MagroOtero_Carvajal1989">Bahamonde Magro & Otero Carvajal 1989</a>, pp. 11–12. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723101302/http://www.madrid.es/portales/munimadrid/es/Inicio/Ayuntamiento/Un-paseo-por-su-historia/La-ciudad-desde-la-llegada-de-la-Corte/Madrid-capital?vgnextfmt=default&vgnextoid=fbf2378305898110VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=94321cf0ceca8110VgnVCM1000000b205a0aRCRD">"Ayuntamiento de Madrid – Madrid capital"</a> (in Spanish). Madrid.es. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madrid.es/portales/munimadrid/es/Inicio/Ayuntamiento/Un-paseo-por-su-historia/La-ciudad-desde-la-llegada-de-la-Corte/Madrid-capital?vgnextfmt=default&vgnextoid=fbf2378305898110VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=94321cf0ceca8110VgnVCM1000000b205a0aRCRD">the original</a> on 23 July 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ayuntamiento+de+Madrid+%E2%80%93+Madrid+capital&rft.pub=Madrid.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.madrid.es%2Fportales%2Fmunimadrid%2Fes%2FInicio%2FAyuntamiento%2FUn-paseo-por-su-historia%2FLa-ciudad-desde-la-llegada-de-la-Corte%2FMadrid-capital%3Fvgnextfmt%3Ddefault%26vgnextoid%3Dfbf2378305898110VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD%26vgnextchannel%3D94321cf0ceca8110VgnVCM1000000b205a0aRCRD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParsons200313-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParsons200313_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFParsons2003">Parsons 2003</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDomínguez_Ortiz2003" class="citation journal cs1">Domínguez Ortiz, Antonio (2003). "El reverso de la medalla. Pobreza extrema en el Madrid de Felipe IV". Historia Social (47): 127–130. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0214-2570">0214-2570</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40340884">40340884</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historia+Social&rft.atitle=El+reverso+de+la+medalla.+Pobreza+extrema+en+el+Madrid+de+Felipe+IV&rft.issue=47&rft.pages=127-130&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40340884%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0214-2570&rft.aulast=Dom%C3%ADnguez+Ortiz&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revistamadridhistorico.es/2019/07/dosier-el-barrio-de-las-letras-y-las-mujeres/">"Dosier: El barrio de las letras y las mujeres"</a>. Revista Madrid Histórico (82). Madrid: Ediciones La Librería. 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928001208/http://www.revistamadridhistorico.es/2019/07/dosier-el-barrio-de-las-letras-y-las-mujeres/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Madrid+Hist%C3%B3rico&rft.atitle=Dosier%3A+El+barrio+de+las+letras+y+las+mujeres&rft.issue=82&rft.date=2019&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.revistamadridhistorico.es%2F2019%2F07%2Fdosier-el-barrio-de-las-letras-y-las-mujeres%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartínez_Pereira2008" class="citation journal cs1">Martínez Pereira, Ana (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/4714.pdf">"La participación de Portugal en la Guerra de Sucesión Española. Una diatriba política en emblemas, símbolos y enigmas"</a> (PDF). Península. Revista de Estudos Ibéricos (5). Porto: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Porto" title="University of Porto">Universidade do Porto</a>: 179. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1645-6971">1645-6971</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422040139/https://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/4714.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 3 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pen%C3%ADnsula.+Revista+de+Estudos+Ib%C3%A9ricos&rft.atitle=La+participaci%C3%B3n+de+Portugal+en+la+Guerra+de+Sucesi%C3%B3n+Espa%C3%B1ola.+Una+diatriba+pol%C3%ADtica+en+emblemas%2C+s%C3%ADmbolos+y+enigmas&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=179&rft.date=2008&rft.issn=1645-6971&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez+Pereira&rft.aufirst=Ana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fler.letras.up.pt%2Fuploads%2Fficheiros%2F4714.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartínez_Pereira2008180-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartínez_Pereira2008180_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMartínez_Pereira2008">Martínez Pereira 2008</a>, p. 180. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuirós_Rosado2016" class="citation journal cs1">Quirós Rosado, Roberto (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://accedacris.ulpgc.es/bitstream/10553/19217/1/0234500_00016_0013.pdf">"El coste del trono. Guerra defensiva y fiscalidad municipal en la estancia madrileña de Carlos III de Austria (1710)"</a> (PDF). Vegueta: Anuario de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia. 16. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Las_Palmas_de_Gran_Canaria" title="University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria">Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Servicio de Publicaciones</a>: 290. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1133-598X">1133-598X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200818063910/https://accedacris.ulpgc.es/bitstream/10553/19217/1/0234500_00016_0013.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 18 August 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vegueta%3A+Anuario+de+la+Facultad+de+Geograf%C3%ADa+e+Historia&rft.atitle=El+coste+del+trono.+Guerra+defensiva+y+fiscalidad+municipal+en+la+estancia+madrile%C3%B1a+de+Carlos+III+de+Austria+%281710%29&rft.volume=16&rft.pages=290&rft.date=2016&rft.issn=1133-598X&rft.aulast=Quir%C3%B3s+Rosado&rft.aufirst=Roberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faccedacris.ulpgc.es%2Fbitstream%2F10553%2F19217%2F1%2F0234500_00016_0013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuirós_Rosado2016308-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuirós_Rosado2016308_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFQuirós_Rosado2016">Quirós Rosado 2016</a>, p. 308. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcía_Ruiz2011" class="citation journal cs1">García Ruiz, José Luis (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ojs.ehu.eus/index.php/HC/article/view/4709/4495">"Madrid en la encrucijada del interior peninsular, c. 1850–2009"</a>. Historia Contemporánea. 42. Bilbao: <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Basque_Country" title="University of the Basque Country">UPV/EHU</a>: 191. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1130-2402">1130-2402</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418092041/https://ojs.ehu.eus/index.php/HC/article/view/4709/4495">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historia+Contempor%C3%A1nea&rft.atitle=Madrid+en+la+encrucijada+del+interior+peninsular%2C+c.+1850%E2%80%932009&rft.volume=42&rft.pages=191&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=1130-2402&rft.aulast=Garc%C3%ADa+Ruiz&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Luis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fojs.ehu.eus%2Findex.php%2FHC%2Farticle%2Fview%2F4709%2F4495&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120121043422/http://ctb.dia.uned.es/academias/academias.html">"Reales Academias"</a> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ctb.dia.uned.es/academias/academias.html">the original</a> on 21 January 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reales+Academias&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fctb.dia.uned.es%2Facademias%2Facademias.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> Royal Academies </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723121415/http://www.madrid.es/portales/munimadrid/es/Inicio/Ayuntamiento/Un-paseo-por-su-historia/La-ciudad-desde-la-llegada-de-la-Corte/Madrid-bajo-el-signo-del-reformismo-ilustrado?vgnextfmt=default&vgnextoid=b33ab4b0a6898110VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=94321cf0ceca8110VgnVCM1000000b205a0aRCRD">"Ayuntamiento de Madrid – Madrid bajo el signo del reformismo ilustrado"</a> (in Spanish). Madrid.es. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madrid.es/portales/munimadrid/es/Inicio/Ayuntamiento/Un-paseo-por-su-historia/La-ciudad-desde-la-llegada-de-la-Corte/Madrid-bajo-el-signo-del-reformismo-ilustrado?vgnextfmt=default&vgnextoid=b33ab4b0a6898110VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=94321cf0ceca8110VgnVCM1000000b205a0aRCRD">the original</a> on 23 July 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ayuntamiento+de+Madrid+%E2%80%93+Madrid+bajo+el+signo+del+reformismo+ilustrado&rft.pub=Madrid.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.madrid.es%2Fportales%2Fmunimadrid%2Fes%2FInicio%2FAyuntamiento%2FUn-paseo-por-su-historia%2FLa-ciudad-desde-la-llegada-de-la-Corte%2FMadrid-bajo-el-signo-del-reformismo-ilustrado%3Fvgnextfmt%3Ddefault%26vgnextoid%3Db33ab4b0a6898110VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD%26vgnextchannel%3D94321cf0ceca8110VgnVCM1000000b205a0aRCRD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723103126/http://www.madrid.es/portales/munimadrid/es/Inicio/Ayuntamiento/Un-paseo-por-su-historia/La-ciudad-desde-la-llegada-de-la-Corte/Madrid-y-la-Guerra-de-la-Independencia?vgnextfmt=default&vgnextoid=76e2b798e1e98110VgnVCM1000000b205a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=94321cf0ceca8110VgnVCM1000000b205a0aRCRD">"Ayuntamiento de Madrid – Madrid y la Guerra de la Independencia"</a> (in Spanish). Madrid.es. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madrid.es/portales/munimadrid/es/Inicio/Ayuntamiento/Un-paseo-por-su-historia/La-ciudad-desde-la-llegada-de-la-Corte/Madrid-y-la-Guerra-de-la-Independencia?vgnextfmt=default&vgnextoid=76e2b798e1e98110VgnVCM1000000b205a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=94321cf0ceca8110VgnVCM1000000b205a0aRCRD">the original</a> on 23 July 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ayuntamiento+de+Madrid+%E2%80%93+Madrid+y+la+Guerra+de+la+Independencia&rft.pub=Madrid.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.madrid.es%2Fportales%2Fmunimadrid%2Fes%2FInicio%2FAyuntamiento%2FUn-paseo-por-su-historia%2FLa-ciudad-desde-la-llegada-de-la-Corte%2FMadrid-y-la-Guerra-de-la-Independencia%3Fvgnextfmt%3Ddefault%26vgnextoid%3D76e2b798e1e98110VgnVCM1000000b205a0aRCRD%26vgnextchannel%3D94321cf0ceca8110VgnVCM1000000b205a0aRCRD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSánchez_Martín2020" class="citation journal cs1">Sánchez Martín, Víctor (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/argonauta/4257">"Afrancesados, moderados, exaltados, masones y comuneros: periódicos y periodistas ante el conflicto político en la prensa de Madrid durante el Trienio Liberal (1820–1823)"</a>. El Argonauta Español. 17 (17). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fargonauta.4257">10.4000/argonauta.4257</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1765-2901">1765-2901</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200816052009/https://journals.openedition.org/argonauta/4257">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Argonauta+Espa%C3%B1ol&rft.atitle=Afrancesados%2C+moderados%2C+exaltados%2C+masones+y+comuneros%3A+peri%C3%B3dicos+y+periodistas+ante+el+conflicto+pol%C3%ADtico+en+la+prensa+de+Madrid+durante+el+Trienio+Liberal+%281820%E2%80%931823%29&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=17&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fargonauta.4257&rft.issn=1765-2901&rft.aulast=S%C3%A1nchez+Mart%C3%ADn&rft.aufirst=V%C3%ADctor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Fargonauta%2F4257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarcía_Ruiz2011192-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarcía_Ruiz2011192_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGarcía_Ruiz2011">García Ruiz 2011</a>, p. 192. </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.madridiario.es/461562/efemeride-universida-complutense-alcala-madrid">"Cuando la 'Complu' se mudó al centro"</a>. Madridiario. 29 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201125429/https://www.madridiario.es/461562/efemeride-universida-complutense-alcala-madrid">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Madridiario&rft.atitle=Cuando+la+%27Complu%27+se+mud%C3%B3+al+centro&rft.date=2018-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.madridiario.es%2F461562%2Fefemeride-universida-complutense-alcala-madrid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarcía_Ruiz2011193-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarcía_Ruiz2011193_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGarcía_Ruiz2011">García Ruiz 2011</a>, p. 193. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarcía_Ruiz2011194-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarcía_Ruiz2011194_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarcía_Ruiz2011194_61-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGarcía_Ruiz2011">García Ruiz 2011</a>, p. 194. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723111327/http://www.madrid.es/portales/munimadrid/es/Inicio/Ayuntamiento/Un-paseo-por-su-historia/La-ciudad-desde-la-llegada-de-la-Corte/El-Madrid-liberal?vgnextfmt=default&vgnextoid=311b9ad2a7898110VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=94321cf0ceca8110VgnVCM1000000b205a0aRCRD">"Ayuntamiento de Madrid – El Madrid liberal"</a> (in Spanish). Madrid.es. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madrid.es/portales/munimadrid/es/Inicio/Ayuntamiento/Un-paseo-por-su-historia/La-ciudad-desde-la-llegada-de-la-Corte/El-Madrid-liberal?vgnextfmt=default&vgnextoid=311b9ad2a7898110VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=94321cf0ceca8110VgnVCM1000000b205a0aRCRD">the original</a> on 23 July 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ayuntamiento+de+Madrid+%E2%80%93+El+Madrid+liberal&rft.pub=Madrid.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.madrid.es%2Fportales%2Fmunimadrid%2Fes%2FInicio%2FAyuntamiento%2FUn-paseo-por-su-historia%2FLa-ciudad-desde-la-llegada-de-la-Corte%2FEl-Madrid-liberal%3Fvgnextfmt%3Ddefault%26vgnextoid%3D311b9ad2a7898110VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD%26vgnextchannel%3D94321cf0ceca8110VgnVCM1000000b205a0aRCRD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonteroCervera_Gil2009" class="citation journal cs1">Montero, Julio; Cervera Gil, Javier (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/2954677.pdf">"Madrid en los años treinta: ambiente social, político, cultural y religioso"</a> (PDF). Studia et Documenta: Rivista dell'Istituto Storico San Josemaría Escrivá (3): 15. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1970-4879">1970-4879</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190607234843/https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/2954677.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+et+Documenta%3A+Rivista+dell%27Istituto+Storico+San+Josemar%C3%ADa+Escriv%C3%A1&rft.atitle=Madrid+en+los+a%C3%B1os+treinta%3A+ambiente+social%2C+pol%C3%ADtico%2C+cultural+y+religioso&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=15&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=1970-4879&rft.aulast=Montero&rft.aufirst=Julio&rft.au=Cervera+Gil%2C+Javier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fdescarga%2Farticulo%2F2954677.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonteroCervera_Gil200916-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonteroCervera_Gil200916_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMonteroCervera_Gil2009">Montero & Cervera Gil 2009</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonteroCervera_Gil200920-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonteroCervera_Gil200920_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMonteroCervera_Gil2009">Montero & Cervera Gil 2009</a>, p. 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonteroCervera_Gil200921-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonteroCervera_Gil200921_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMonteroCervera_Gil2009">Montero & Cervera Gil 2009</a>, p. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonteroCervera_Gil200917;_18-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonteroCervera_Gil200917;_18_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMonteroCervera_Gil2009">Montero & Cervera Gil 2009</a>, p. 17; 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonteroCervera_Gil200925;_26-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonteroCervera_Gil200925;_26_68-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMonteroCervera_Gil2009">Montero & Cervera Gil 2009</a>, p. 25; 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonteroCervera_Gil200926-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonteroCervera_Gil200926_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMonteroCervera_Gil2009">Montero & Cervera Gil 2009</a>, p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerasPeláez2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Heras, Beatriz de las; Peláez, José Manuel (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W7d1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA505">"Mujeres en y para una guerra. España, 1936–1939. La mirada del fotógrafo Santos Yubero, cronista gráfico de Madrid"</a>. Fotografía y patrimonio cultural: V, VI, y VII Encuentros en Castilla-La Mancha (in Spanish). Ediciones de la Universidad de Castilla La Mancha. p. 505. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-9044-333-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-9044-333-0"><bdi>978-84-9044-333-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418092034/https://books.google.com/books?id=W7d1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA505">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mujeres+en+y+para+una+guerra.+Espa%C3%B1a%2C+1936%E2%80%931939.+La+mirada+del+fot%C3%B3grafo+Santos+Yubero%2C+cronista+gr%C3%A1fico+de+Madrid&rft.btitle=Fotograf%C3%ADa+y+patrimonio+cultural%3A+V%2C+VI%2C+y+VII+Encuentros+en+Castilla-La+Mancha&rft.pages=505&rft.pub=Ediciones+de+la+Universidad+de+Castilla+La+Mancha&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-84-9044-333-0&rft.aulast=Heras&rft.aufirst=Beatriz+de+las&rft.au=Pel%C3%A1ez%2C+Jos%C3%A9+Manuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW7d1DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-History_of_Madrid_2-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Madrid_2_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Madrid_2_71-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Madrid_2_71-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071218223720/http://www.ucm.es/info/hcontemp/leoc/madrid%20I.htm">"Madrid, de territorio fronterizo a región metropolitana. Madrid, from being the "frontier" to become a Metropole"</a>. History of Madrid. (in Spanish). Luis Enrique Otero Carvajal (Profesor Titular de Historia Contemporánea. Universidad Complutense. Madrid). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucm.es/info/hcontemp/leoc/madrid%20I.htm#INDICE">the original</a> on 18 December 2007. 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Investigaciones Geográficas (66): 43–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14198%2FINGEO2016.66.03">10.14198/INGEO2016.66.03</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0213-4691">0213-4691</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418092055/https://rua.ua.es/dspace/bitstream/10045/61030/1/Investigaciones_Geograficas_66_03.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 18 April 2021. 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ABC-CLIO. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1610696012" title="Special:BookSources/978-1610696012"><bdi>978-1610696012</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230203045500/https://books.google.com/books?id=zjkVCwAAQBAJ&q=%22second+highest+capital+city%22+madrid+europe">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2023. 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Plasencia: Sociedad Española de Ciencias Forestales. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-941695-2-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-941695-2-6"><bdi>978-84-941695-2-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200702193633/http://secforestales.org/publicaciones/index.php/congresos_forestales/article/view/19237/18954">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2020. 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Retrieved 20 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6ppen+climate+classification&rft.atitle=Koppen+European+Map&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2Fd%2Fd5%2FKoppen-Geiger_Map_Europe_present.svg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDialesandroWheelerAbunnasr2019" class="citation journal cs1">Dialesandro, John M.; Wheeler, Stephen M.; Abunnasr, Yaser (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F2515-7620%2Fab37d0">"Urban heat island behaviors in dryland regions"</a>. Environmental Research Communications. 1 (8): 5–6. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019ERCom...1h1005D">2019ERCom...1h1005D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F2515-7620%2Fab37d0">10.1088/2515-7620/ab37d0</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:201319597">201319597</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=Urban+heat+island+behaviors+in+dryland+regions&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=5-6&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A201319597%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F2515-7620%2Fab37d0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019ERCom...1h1005D&rft.aulast=Dialesandro&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+Stephen+M.&rft.au=Abunnasr%2C+Yaser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1088%252F2515-7620%252Fab37d0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aemet.es/es/datos_abiertos/AEMET_OpenData">"AEMET OpenData"</a>. 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Retrieved 18 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extremos+Climatol%C3%B3gicos.+Madrid%2C+Retiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aemet.es%2Fes%2Fserviciosclimaticos%2Fdatosclimatologicos%2Fefemerides_extremos%3Fw%3D0%26k%3Dmad%26l%3D3195%26datos%3Ddet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinto_Crespo2010" class="citation book cs1">Pinto Crespo, Virgilio (2010). "Introducción". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madrid.org/bvirtual/BVCM010691.pdf">Los viajes de agua de Madrid durante el antiguo régimen</a> (PDF). Madrid: Fundación Canal. pp. 7–9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-932119-6-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-932119-6-7"><bdi>978-84-932119-6-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803140332/http://www.madrid.org/bvirtual/BVCM010691.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 3 August 2020. 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Madrid"</a>. historialia.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110555/http://www.historialia.com/detalle/243/presa-de-el-atazar-madrid">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015. 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Retrieved 7 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crece+un+6%25+la+poblaci%C3%B3n+extranjera+en+Madrid+hasta+llegar+al+21%2C5%25&rft.pub=Telemadrid&rft.date=2018-08-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telemadrid.es%2Fnoticias%2Fmadrid%2FCrece-poblacion-extranjera-Madrid-llegar-0-2038596138--20180810061051.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-foreignborn-114">^ <a href="#cite_ref-foreignborn_114-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-foreignborn_114-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.madrid.es/UnidadesDescentralizadas/UDCEstadistica/Nuevaweb/Demograf%C3%ADa%20y%20poblaci%C3%B3n/Poblaci%C3%B3n%20extranjera/Nacimiento/Poblaci%C3%B3n%20a%201%20de%20enero/C4120320.xlsx">"Población por País de nacimiento"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Xlsx" class="mw-redirect" title="Xlsx">.xslx</a>). <a href="/wiki/Ayuntamiento_de_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayuntamiento de Madrid">Ayuntamiento de Madrid</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200707083600/https://www.madrid.es/UnidadesDescentralizadas/UDCEstadistica/Nuevaweb/Demograf%C3%ADa%20y%20poblaci%C3%B3n/Poblaci%C3%B3n%20extranjera/Nacimiento/Poblaci%C3%B3n%20a%201%20de%20enero/C4120320.xlsx">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2020. Retrieved 7 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poblaci%C3%B3n+por+Pa%C3%ADs+de+nacimiento&rft.pub=Ayuntamiento+de+Madrid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.madrid.es%2FUnidadesDescentralizadas%2FUDCEstadistica%2FNuevaweb%2FDemograf%25C3%25ADa%2520y%2520poblaci%25C3%25B3n%2FPoblaci%25C3%25B3n%2520extranjera%2FNacimiento%2FPoblaci%25C3%25B3n%2520a%25201%2520de%2520enero%2FC4120320.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCano2019" class="citation web cs1">Cano, Luis (17 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.es/espana/madrid/abci-exodo-venezolano-empuja-madrid-record-historico-poblacion-extranjera-201904170054_noticia.html">"El éxodo venezolano empuja a Madrid a su récord histórico de población extranjera"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC (Spain)">ABC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210222023947/https://www.abc.es/espana/madrid/abci-exodo-venezolano-empuja-madrid-record-historico-poblacion-extranjera-201904170054_noticia.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC&rft.atitle=El+%C3%A9xodo+venezolano+empuja+a+Madrid+a+su+r%C3%A9cord+hist%C3%B3rico+de+poblaci%C3%B3n+extranjera&rft.date=2019-04-17&rft.aulast=Cano&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.es%2Fespana%2Fmadrid%2Fabci-exodo-venezolano-empuja-madrid-record-historico-poblacion-extranjera-201904170054_noticia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCIS2019" class="citation web cs1">CIS (July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.cis.es/pdf/Es3253marMT_MMadrid_A.pdf">"Postelectoral Elecciones Autonómicas y municipales 2019. Madrid (Municipio de)"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200707021805/http://datos.cis.es/pdf/Es3253marMT_MMadrid_A.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 7 July 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Postelectoral+Elecciones+Auton%C3%B3micas+y+municipales+2019.+Madrid+%28Municipio+de%29&rft.date=2019-07&rft.au=CIS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdatos.cis.es%2Fpdf%2FEs3253marMT_MMadrid_A.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eurostat-117"><a href="#cite_ref-Eurostat_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tgs00080&plugin=1">"Eurostat – Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table"</a>. 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Munimadrid.es. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100624043741/https://www.munimadrid.es/portal/site/munimadrid/menuitem.5fbdbaf471a1b0aa7d245f019fc08a0c/?vgnextoid=da51a5a66b2ce010VgnVCM1000000b205a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=f4ea39b48936c010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2010. 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Retrieved 18 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nuestra+ciudad+en+cifras&rft.atitle=El+municipio+en+cifras&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportalestadistico.com%2Fmunicipioencifras%2F%3Fpn%3Dmadrid%26pc%3DZTV21%26idp%3D35%26idpl%3D1329%26idioma%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartín-Aceña2017" class="citation journal cs1">Martín-Aceña, Pablo (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bde.es/f/webbde/SES/Secciones/Publicaciones/PublicacionesSeriadas/EstudiosHistoriaEconomica/Files/roja73e.pdf">"The Banco de España, 1782–2017. The history of a central bank"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 10 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Vanguardia&rft.atitle=Madrid+concentra+el+poder+medi%C3%A1tico+en+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.date=2020-12-08&rft.aulast=Enguix&rft.aufirst=Salvador&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavanguardia.com%2Flocal%2Fvalencia%2F20201208%2F6104638%2Fmadrid-concentracion-centralismo-comunicaciones-medios-de-comunicacion.amp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEscobar2007" class="citation book cs1">Escobar, Jesús (2007). "Arquitectura y urbanismo en el Madrid del siglo XVII: proceso, adorno y experiencia". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.madrid.es/UnidadesDescentralizadas/MuseosMunicipales/MuseoDeHistoriaDeMadrid/EspecialInformativo/05_Publicaciones/ConferenciasArquitectura/conferenciasarquitectura2.pdf">Arquitectura y espacio urbano en Madrid en los siglos XVII y XVIII</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Ayuntamiento_de_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayuntamiento de Madrid">Ayuntamiento de Madrid</a>. p. 54. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418092352/https://www.madrid.es/UnidadesDescentralizadas/MuseosMunicipales/MuseoDeHistoriaDeMadrid/EspecialInformativo/05_Publicaciones/ConferenciasArquitectura/conferenciasarquitectura2.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 18 April 2021. 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Madrid: <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Polit%C3%A9cnica_de_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad Politécnica de Madrid">Universidad Politécnica de Madrid</a>. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200204233859/http://oa.upm.es/43387/1/RAIMUNDO_ESTEPA_GOMEZ_01.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 4 February 2020. 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Ediciones La Librería. 18 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200204235404/https://www.edicioneslalibreria.es/arquitectura-en-el-madrid-de-los-austrias/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2020. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211008073342/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/28/nyregion/baron-thyssen-bornemisza-industrialist-who-built-fabled-art-collection-dies-81.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2021. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patrimonionacional.es/Home/Palacios-Reales/Palacio-Real-de-Madrid.aspx">the original</a> on 12 January 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patrimonio+Nacional+%E2%80%93+Palacio+Real+de+Madrid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patrimonionacional.es%2FHome%2FPalacios-Reales%2FPalacio-Real-de-Madrid.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiaño2019" class="citation journal cs1">Riaño, Peio H. (5 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/cultura/2019/11/05/actualidad/1572958083_830062.html">"Patrimonio Nacional invierte 900.000 euros en apuntalar las Colecciones Reales"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200309142458/https://elpais.com/cultura/2019/11/05/actualidad/1572958083_830062.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Patrimonio+Nacional+invierte+900.000+euros+en+apuntalar+las+Colecciones+Reales&rft.date=2019-11-05&rft.aulast=Ria%C3%B1o&rft.aufirst=Peio+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fcultura%2F2019%2F11%2F05%2Factualidad%2F1572958083_830062.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-museodeamerica1-169"><a href="#cite_ref-museodeamerica1_169-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museodeamerica.mcu.es">"Museo de América"</a>. Museodeamerica.mcu.es. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110527225221/http://museodeamerica.mcu.es/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2011. Retrieved 1 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Museo+de+Am%C3%A9rica&rft.pub=Museodeamerica.mcu.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseodeamerica.mcu.es&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-170"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_170-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mncn.csic.es/">"Portada"</a>. MNCN. 27 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110702004618/http://www.mncn.csic.es/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2011. Retrieved 2 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portada&rft.pub=MNCN&rft.date=2011-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mncn.csic.es%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armada.mde.es/ArmadaPortal/page/Portal/ArmadaEspannola/ciencia_museo/prefLang_es/">"INICIO MUSEO NAVAL MADRID – Museo Naval – Armada Española – Ministerio de Defensa – Gobierno de España"</a> (in Spanish). Armada.mde.es. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150422061454/http://www.armada.mde.es/ArmadaPortal/page/Portal/ArmadaEspannola/ciencia_museo/prefLang_es/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INICIO+MUSEO+NAVAL+MADRID+%E2%80%93+Museo+Naval+%E2%80%93+Armada+Espa%C3%B1ola+%E2%80%93+Ministerio+de+Defensa+%E2%80%93+Gobierno+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.pub=Armada.mde.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armada.mde.es%2FArmadaPortal%2Fpage%2FPortal%2FArmadaEspannola%2Fciencia_museo%2FprefLang_es%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-patrimonionacional1-172"><a href="#cite_ref-patrimonionacional1_172-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110414211231/http://www.patrimonionacional.es/Home/Monasterios-y-Conventos/Monasterio-de-las-Descalzas-Reales.aspx">"Patrimonio Nacional – Monasterio de las Descalzas Reales"</a>. Patrimonionacional.es. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patrimonionacional.es/Home/Monasterios-y-Conventos/Monasterio-de-las-Descalzas-Reales.aspx">the original</a> on 14 April 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patrimonio+Nacional+%E2%80%93+Monasterio+de+las+Descalzas+Reales&rft.pub=Patrimonionacional.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patrimonionacional.es%2FHome%2FMonasterios-y-Conventos%2FMonasterio-de-las-Descalzas-Reales.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-173"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_173-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110702090440/http://flg.es/museo/museo.htm">"Fundación Lázaro Galdiano museum website"</a>. Flg.es. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flg.es/museo/museo.htm">the original</a> on 2 July 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fundaci%C3%B3n+L%C3%A1zaro+Galdiano+museum+website&rft.pub=Flg.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flg.es%2Fmuseo%2Fmuseo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mnartesdecorativas.mcu.es">"Museo de Artes Decorativas"</a>. Mnartesdecorativas.mcu.es. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130425114741/http://mnartesdecorativas.mcu.es/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 1 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Museo+de+Artes+Decorativas&rft.pub=Mnartesdecorativas.mcu.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmnartesdecorativas.mcu.es&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museoromanticismo.mcu.es">"Museo del Romanticismo"</a>. Museoromanticismo.mcu.es. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110527223200/http://museoromanticismo.mcu.es/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2011. Retrieved 1 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Museo+del+Romanticismo&rft.pub=Museoromanticismo.mcu.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseoromanticismo.mcu.es&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museocerralbo.mcu.es">"Museo Cerralbo"</a>. Museo Cerralbo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110520073938/http://museocerralbo.mcu.es/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2011. Retrieved 1 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Museo+Cerralbo&rft.pub=Museo+Cerralbo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseocerralbo.mcu.es&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mnantropologia.mcu.es/">"Museo Nacional de Antropología"</a>. Mnantropologia.mcu.es. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607221905/http://mnantropologia.mcu.es/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 1 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Museo+Nacional+de+Antropolog%C3%ADa&rft.pub=Mnantropologia.mcu.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmnantropologia.mcu.es%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-museosorolla1-178"><a href="#cite_ref-museosorolla1_178-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esmadrid.com/en/tourist-information/sorolla-museum/">"Sorolla Museum"</a>. Madrid Official Tourism Website. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191111155439/https://www.esmadrid.com/en/tourist-information/sorolla-museum">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sorolla+Museum&rft.pub=Madrid+Official+Tourism+Website&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esmadrid.com%2Fen%2Ftourist-information%2Fsorolla-museum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-museosorolla2-179"><a href="#cite_ref-museosorolla2_179-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museosorolla.mcu.es/">"Museo Sorolla"</a>. Museo Sorolla. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030708093806/http://museosorolla.mcu.es/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2003. Retrieved 1 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Museo+Sorolla&rft.pub=Museo+Sorolla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseosorolla.mcu.es%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/ccaa/2014/03/10/madrid/1394472605_618702.html">"Matadero Madrid, la tercera institución cultural mejor valorada del país"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a>. 10 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200203223244/https://elpais.com/ccaa/2014/03/10/madrid/1394472605_618702.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Matadero+Madrid%2C+la+tercera+instituci%C3%B3n+cultural+mejor+valorada+del+pa%C3%ADs&rft.date=2014-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fccaa%2F2014%2F03%2F10%2Fmadrid%2F1394472605_618702.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zamora-181">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zamora_181-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zamora_181-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZamora_Vicente1961" class="citation journal cs1">Zamora Vicente, Alonso (11 June 1961). "Una mirada al hablar madrileño". <a href="/wiki/ABC_(Espa%C3%B1a)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC (España)">ABC (España)</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+%28Espa%C3%B1a%29&rft.atitle=Una+mirada+al+hablar+madrile%C3%B1o&rft.date=1961-06-11&rft.aulast=Zamora+Vicente&rft.aufirst=Alonso&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quilis-182"><a href="#cite_ref-Quilis_182-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuilis1993" class="citation book cs1">Quilis, Antonio (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tratadodefonolog0000quil">Tratado de fonología y fonética españolas</a>. Gredos (Madrid). p. 276. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8424916255" title="Special:BookSources/8424916255"><bdi>8424916255</bdi></a>. <q>Se produce aspiración en Andalucía, Extremadura, Canarias, Murcia, Toledo, en la Mancha, en ciertas partes de las provincias de Madrid (en la capital está muy extendida hasta en las clases cultas), Cuenca, Ávila, Salamanca, Rioja Baja.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tratado+de+fonolog%C3%ADa+y+fon%C3%A9tica+espa%C3%B1olas&rft.pages=276&rft.pub=Gredos+%28Madrid%29&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=8424916255&rft.aulast=Quilis&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftratadodefonolog0000quil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gili-183"><a href="#cite_ref-Gili_183-0">^</a> Citado en Quilis, Los Pronombres "le", "la", "lo" y sus plurales en la lengua española hablada en Madrid , pag. 36. Según Gili Gaya (1958, 210-211), el 'le' dativo, que, como se sabe, es invariable para los 2 géneros, se ha especializado como masculino: 'le regalaron una bicicleta' (a él); y cuando es femeninose sustituye por 'la', procedente del acusativo: la regalaron una bicicleta' (a ella). "Este es el uso madrileño espontáneo en todas las clases sociales, a no ser entre personas cuya instrucción gramatical, o la procedencia de otras regiones, lo corrija más o menos. La influencia de la capital irradia su laísmo hacia otras provincias del Centro y del Norte, llegando a vencer a menudo la resistencia del lenguaje literario. El vulgo madrileño va todavía más allá: el 'lo' sustituye con frecuencia a 'le' como dativo: 'lo pegaron una bofetada'. Sin embargo, este 'loísmo' se siente en todas partes como extremadamente plebeyo, y no ha logrado salir del habla achulapada." </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLynch2023" class="citation book cs1">Lynch, Andrew (2023). "El español y sus variedades en el espacio global". In Moreno-Fernández, Francisco; Caravedo, Rocío (eds.). Dialectología hispánica. The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Dialectology. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 610–611. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-367-26628-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-367-26628-8"><bdi>978-0-367-26628-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=El+espa%C3%B1ol+y+sus+variedades+en+el+espacio+global&rft.btitle=Dialectolog%C3%ADa+hisp%C3%A1nica.+The+Routledge+Handbook+of+Spanish+Dialectology&rft.pages=610-611&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-367-26628-8&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buzek-185"><a href="#cite_ref-Buzek_185-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuzek2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Buzek, Ivo (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digilib.phil.muni.cz/bitstream/handle/11222.digilib/124535/SpisyFF_406-2011-1_4.pdf">"Caló como un concepto plurivalente y los gitanismos en español"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/124535">Historia crítica de la lexicografía gitano-española</a> (in Spanish). 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"Movilidad, comunicaciones y riegos en el entorno del Madrid borbónico". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madrid.org/bvirtual/BVCM000078.pdf">Madrid y los Borbones en el siglo XVIII. La construcción de una ciudad y su territorio</a> (PDF). Madrid: Consejería de Cultura, Deportes y Turismo de la Comunidad de Madrid. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-505-0871-1" title="Special:BookSources/84-505-0871-1"><bdi>84-505-0871-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200221203123/http://www.madrid.org/bvirtual/BVCM000078.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 21 February 2020. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.munimadrid.es/UnidadWeb/Contenidos/EspecialInformativo/RelacInternac/RRII/HermanamientosyAcuerdos/Files/hermanamiento_UCCI.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Declaraci%C3%B3n+de+Hermanamiento+m%C3%BAltiple+y+solidario+de+todas+las+Capitales+de+Iberoam%C3%A9rica+%2812%E2%80%9310%E2%80%9382%29&rft.date=1982-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.munimadrid.es%2FUnidadWeb%2FContenidos%2FEspecialInformativo%2FRelacInternac%2FRRII%2FHermanamientosyAcuerdos%2FFiles%2Fhermanamiento_UCCI.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/gaz/scar/display_name.cfm?gaz_id=137423">"Madrid Dome"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Composite_Gazetteer_of_Antarctica" title="Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica">Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scientific_Committee_on_Antarctic_Research" title="Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research">SCAR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326084404/https://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/gaz/scar/display_name.cfm?gaz_id=137423">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023 – via Australian Antarctic Data Centre.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Composite+Gazetteer+of+Antarctica&rft.atitle=Madrid+Dome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.aad.gov.au%2Faadc%2Fgaz%2Fscar%2Fdisplay_name.cfm%3Fgaz_id%3D137423&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBahamonde_MagroOtero_Carvajal1989" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Bahamonde_Magro" title="Ángel Bahamonde Magro">Bahamonde Magro, Ángel</a>; Otero Carvajal, Luis Enrique (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geografiaehistoria.ucm.es/data/cont/media/www/pag-8167/Madrid,%20de%20territorio%20fronterizo%20a%20region%20metropolitana1.pdf">"Madrid, de territorio fronterizo a región metropolitana"</a> (PDF). 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Huarte de San Juan. Geografía e historia (25). Pamplona: <a href="/wiki/Universidad_P%C3%BAblica_de_Navarra" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad Pública de Navarra">Universidad Pública de Navarra</a>: 173–192. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1134-8259">1134-8259</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307080502/https://academica-e.unavarra.es/bitstream/handle/2454/32133/HSJ_geografia_25_2018.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 7 March 2023. 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Oxford & New York: <a href="/wiki/Berg_Publishers" title="Berg Publishers">Berg</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85973-646-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85973-646-7"><bdi>1-85973-646-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+cultural+history+of+Madrid+%3A+modernism+and+the+urban+spectacle&rft.place=Oxford+%26+New+York&rft.pub=Berg&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-85973-646-7&rft.aulast=Parsons&rft.aufirst=Deborah+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuárez_Fernández2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Su%C3%A1rez_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Luis Suárez Fernández">Suárez Fernández, Luis</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D-ERcGl91JoC&pg=PA137">"Madrid, de simple ciudadela a Villa real"</a>. In López Gómez, Antonio (ed.). Madrid desde la Academia. Madrid: <a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_de_la_Historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Academia de la Historia">Real Academia de la Historia</a>. pp. 113–148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-89512-81-7" title="Special:BookSources/84-89512-81-7"><bdi>84-89512-81-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231122170813/https://books.google.com/books?id=D-ERcGl91JoC&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Madrid%2C+de+simple+ciudadela+a+Villa+real&rft.btitle=Madrid+desde+la+Academia&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pages=113-148&rft.pub=Real+Academia+de+la+Historia&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=84-89512-81-7&rft.aulast=Su%C3%A1rez+Fern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD-ERcGl91JoC%26pg%3DPA137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadrid" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Madrid at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Madrid" class="extiw" title="wikt:Madrid">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Madrid" class="extiw" title="c:Madrid">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Madrid" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Madrid">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Madrid" class="extiw" title="q:Madrid">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Madrid" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Madrid">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Arganzuela" title="Arganzuela">Arganzuela</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atocha_(Madrid)" title="Atocha (Madrid)">Atocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_(Madrid)" title="Imperial (Madrid)">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chopera" title="La Chopera">La Chopera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Acacias_(Madrid)" title="Las Acacias (Madrid)">Las Acacias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Delicias_(Madrid)" title="Las Delicias (Madrid)">Las Delicias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legazpi_(Madrid)" title="Legazpi (Madrid)">Legazpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palos_de_Moguer_(Madrid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palos de Moguer (Madrid)">Palos de Moguer</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="21" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_Madrid.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Madrid"><img alt="Coat of arms of Madrid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Escudo_de_Madrid.svg/30px-Escudo_de_Madrid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Escudo_de_Madrid.svg/45px-Escudo_de_Madrid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Escudo_de_Madrid.svg/60px-Escudo_de_Madrid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Districts_of_Madrid.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the districts of Madrid"><img alt="Map of the districts of Madrid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Districts_of_Madrid.svg/35px-Districts_of_Madrid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Districts_of_Madrid.svg/53px-Districts_of_Madrid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Districts_of_Madrid.svg/70px-Districts_of_Madrid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="503" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Barajas_(Madrid)" title="Barajas (Madrid)">Barajas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeropuerto_(Madrid)" title="Aeropuerto (Madrid)">Aeropuerto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alameda_de_Osuna" title="Alameda de Osuna">Alameda de Osuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casco_Hist%C3%B3rico_de_Barajas" title="Casco Histórico de Barajas">Casco Histórico de Barajas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corralejos" title="Corralejos">Corralejos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim%C3%B3n_(Madrid)" title="Timón (Madrid)">Timón</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Carabanchel" title="Carabanchel">Carabanchel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrantes_(Madrid)" title="Abrantes (Madrid)">Abrantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenavista_(Madrid)" title="Buenavista (Madrid)">Buenavista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comillas_(Madrid)" title="Comillas (Madrid)">Comillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opa%C3%B1el" title="Opañel">Opañel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerta_Bonita_(Madrid)" title="Puerta Bonita (Madrid)">Puerta Bonita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Isidro_(Madrid)" title="San Isidro (Madrid)">San Isidro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vista_Alegre_(Madrid)" title="Vista Alegre (Madrid)">Vista Alegre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Centro_(Madrid)" title="Centro (Madrid)">Centro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cortes_(Madrid)" title="Cortes (Madrid)">Cortes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embajadores" title="Embajadores">Embajadores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justicia_(Madrid)" title="Justicia (Madrid)">Justicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidad_(Madrid)" title="Universidad (Madrid)">Universidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palacio_(Madrid)" title="Palacio (Madrid)">Palacio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_(Madrid)" title="Sol (Madrid)">Sol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Chamart%C3%ADn_(Madrid)" title="Chamartín (Madrid)">Chamartín</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castilla_(Madrid)" title="Castilla (Madrid)">Castilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Jard%C3%ADn_(Madrid)" title="Ciudad Jardín (Madrid)">Ciudad Jardín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Viso_(Madrid)" title="El Viso (Madrid)">El Viso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanoam%C3%A9rica" title="Hispanoamérica">Hispanoamérica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Espa%C3%B1a_(Madrid)" title="Nueva España (Madrid)">Nueva España</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperidad_(Madrid)" title="Prosperidad (Madrid)">Prosperidad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Chamber%C3%AD" title="Chamberí">Chamberí</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almagro_(Madrid)" title="Almagro (Madrid)">Almagro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arapiles_(Madrid)" title="Arapiles (Madrid)">Arapiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaztambide_(Madrid)" title="Gaztambide (Madrid)">Gaztambide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADos_Rosas_(Madrid)" title="Ríos Rosas (Madrid)">Ríos Rosas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_(Madrid)" title="Trafalgar (Madrid)">Trafalgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallehermoso_(Madrid)" title="Vallehermoso (Madrid)">Vallehermoso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Lineal" title="Ciudad Lineal">Ciudad Lineal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atalaya_(Madrid)" title="Atalaya (Madrid)">Atalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colina_(Madrid)" title="Colina (Madrid)">Colina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n_(Madrid)" title="Concepción (Madrid)">Concepción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinar_de_Chamart%C3%ADn" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinar de Chamartín">Pinar de Chamartín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Nuevo_(Madrid)" title="Pueblo Nuevo (Madrid)">Pueblo Nuevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintana_(Madrid)" title="Quintana (Madrid)">Quintana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Bautista_(Madrid)" title="San Juan Bautista (Madrid)">San Juan Bautista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pascual_(Madrid)" title="San Pascual (Madrid)">San Pascual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventas_(Madrid)" title="Ventas (Madrid)">Ventas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Fuencarral-El_Pardo" title="Fuencarral-El Pardo">Fuencarral-El Pardo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrio_del_Pilar" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrio del Pilar">Barrio del Pilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Goloso" title="El Goloso">El Goloso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Pardo" title="El Pardo">El Pardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuentelarreina" title="Fuentelarreina">Fuentelarreina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Paz_(Madrid)" title="La Paz (Madrid)">La Paz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirasierra" title="Mirasierra">Mirasierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1agrande" title="Peñagrande">Peñagrande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valverde_(Madrid)" title="Valverde (Madrid)">Valverde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Hortaleza" title="Hortaleza">Hortaleza</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ap%C3%B3stol_Santiago_(Madrid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apóstol Santiago (Madrid)">Apóstol Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canillas_(Madrid)" title="Canillas (Madrid)">Canillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palomas_(Madrid)" title="Palomas (Madrid)">Palomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinar_del_Rey_(Madrid)" title="Pinar del Rey (Madrid)">Pinar del Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piovera_(Madrid)" title="Piovera (Madrid)">Piovera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdefuentes_(Madrid)" title="Valdefuentes (Madrid)">Valdefuentes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Latina_(Madrid)" title="Latina (Madrid)">Latina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluche" title="Aluche">Aluche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campamento_(Madrid)" title="Campamento (Madrid)">Campamento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuatro_Vientos" title="Cuatro Vientos">Cuatro Vientos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_%C3%81guilas" title="Las Águilas">Las Águilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucero_(Madrid)" title="Lucero (Madrid)">Lucero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_C%C3%A1rmenes" title="Los Cármenes">Los Cármenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerta_del_%C3%81ngel" title="Puerta del Ángel">Puerta del Ángel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Moncloa-Aravaca" title="Moncloa-Aravaca">Moncloa-Aravaca</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aravaca" title="Aravaca">Aravaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arg%C3%BCelles_(Madrid)" title="Argüelles (Madrid)">Argüelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Campo" title="Casa de Campo">Casa de Campo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Universitaria_(Madrid)" title="Ciudad Universitaria (Madrid)">Ciudad Universitaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Plant%C3%ADo" title="El Plantío">El Plantío</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdemar%C3%ADn" title="Valdemarín">Valdemarín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdezarza" title="Valdezarza">Valdezarza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Moratalaz" title="Moratalaz">Moratalaz</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fontarr%C3%B3n" title="Fontarrón">Fontarrón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horcajo_(Madrid)" title="Horcajo (Madrid)">Horcajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marroquina" title="Marroquina">Marroquina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Legua_(Madrid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Media Legua (Madrid)">Media Legua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavones" title="Pavones">Pavones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinateros" title="Vinateros">Vinateros</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Puente_de_Vallecas" title="Puente de Vallecas">Puente de Vallecas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entrev%C3%ADas" title="Entrevías">Entrevías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numancia_(Madrid)" title="Numancia (Madrid)">Numancia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palomeras_Bajas" title="Palomeras Bajas">Palomeras Bajas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palomeras_Sureste" title="Palomeras Sureste">Palomeras Sureste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portazgo_(Madrid)" title="Portazgo (Madrid)">Portazgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_(Madrid)" title="San Diego (Madrid)">San Diego</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Retiro_(Madrid)" title="Retiro (Madrid)">Retiro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelfas" title="Adelfas">Adelfas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrella_(Madrid)" title="Estrella (Madrid)">Estrella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibiza_(Madrid)" title="Ibiza (Madrid)">Ibiza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimos_(Madrid)" title="Jerónimos (Madrid)">Jerónimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%B1o_Jes%C3%BAs_(Madrid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niño Jesús (Madrid)">Niño Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pac%C3%ADfico_(Madrid)" title="Pacífico (Madrid)">Pacífico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Salamanca_(Madrid)" title="Salamanca (Madrid)">Salamanca</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castellana_(Madrid)" title="Castellana (Madrid)">Castellana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuente_del_Berro" title="Fuente del Berro">Fuente del Berro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goya_(Madrid)" title="Goya (Madrid)">Goya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guindalera" class="mw-redirect" title="Guindalera">Guindalera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_(Madrid)" title="Lista (Madrid)">Lista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recoletos_(Madrid)" title="Recoletos (Madrid)">Recoletos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Blas-Canillejas" title="San Blas-Canillejas">San Blas-Canillejas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amposta_(Madrid)" title="Amposta (Madrid)">Amposta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcos_(Madrid)" title="Arcos (Madrid)">Arcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canillejas" title="Canillejas">Canillejas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell%C3%ADn_(Madrid)" title="Hellín (Madrid)">Hellín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejas" title="Rejas">Rejas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosas_(Madrid)" title="Rosas (Madrid)">Rosas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_(Madrid)" title="Salvador (Madrid)">Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simancas_(Madrid)" title="Simancas (Madrid)">Simancas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Tetu%C3%A1n_(Madrid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetuán (Madrid)">Tetuán</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almenara_(Madrid)" title="Almenara (Madrid)">Almenara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellas_Vistas" title="Bellas Vistas">Bellas Vistas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berruguete_(Madrid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berruguete (Madrid)">Berruguete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castillejos_(Madrid)" title="Castillejos (Madrid)">Castillejos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuatro_Caminos_(Madrid)" title="Cuatro Caminos (Madrid)">Cuatro Caminos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdeacederas" title="Valdeacederas">Valdeacederas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Usera" title="Usera">Usera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almendrales" title="Almendrales">Almendrales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscard%C3%B3" title="Moscardó">Moscardó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcasitas" title="Orcasitas">Orcasitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcasur" title="Orcasur">Orcasur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradolongo" title="Pradolongo">Pradolongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Ferm%C3%ADn_(Madrid)" title="San Fermín (Madrid)">San Fermín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zof%C3%ADo" class="mw-redirect" title="Zofío">Zofío</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Vic%C3%A1lvaro" title="Vicálvaro">Vicálvaro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambroz_(Madrid)" title="Ambroz (Madrid)">Ambroz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casco_Hist%C3%B3rico_de_Vic%C3%A1lvaro" title="Casco Histórico de Vicálvaro">Casco Histórico de Vicálvaro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Villa_de_Vallecas" title="Villa de Vallecas">Villa de Vallecas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casco_Hist%C3%B3rico_de_Vallecas" title="Casco Histórico de Vallecas">Casco Histórico de Vallecas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Eugenia_(Madrid)" title="Santa Eugenia (Madrid)">Santa Eugenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Villaverde_(Madrid)" title="Villaverde (Madrid)">Villaverde</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butarque" title="Butarque">Butarque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_%C3%81ngeles_(Madrid)" title="Los Ángeles (Madrid)">Los Ángeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Rosales_(Madrid)" title="Los Rosales (Madrid)">Los Rosales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_de_los_%C3%81ngeles" class="mw-redirect" title="San Cristóbal de los Ángeles">San Cristóbal de los Ángeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villaverde_Alto" class="mw-redirect" title="Villaverde Alto">Villaverde Alto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_of_the_Madrid_Metropolitan_Area" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Madrid_MA" title="Template:Madrid MA"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Madrid_MA" title="Template talk:Madrid MA"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Madrid_MA" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Madrid MA"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_of_the_Madrid_Metropolitan_Area" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities of the <a href="/wiki/Madrid_metropolitan_area" title="Madrid metropolitan area">Madrid Metropolitan Area</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madrid</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:MadridMetropolitanaDensidad2002.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Madrid metropolitan area"><img alt="Madrid metropolitan area" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/MadridMetropolitanaDensidad2002.png/50px-MadridMetropolitanaDensidad2002.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/MadridMetropolitanaDensidad2002.png/75px-MadridMetropolitanaDensidad2002.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/MadridMetropolitanaDensidad2002.png/100px-MadridMetropolitanaDensidad2002.png 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="308" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_de_Henares" title="Alcalá de Henares">Alcalá de Henares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3stoles" title="Móstoles">Móstoles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">150,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcorc%C3%B3n" title="Alcorcón">Alcorcón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuenlabrada" title="Fuenlabrada">Fuenlabrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getafe" title="Getafe">Getafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legan%C3%A9s" title="Leganés">Leganés</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcobendas" title="Alcobendas">Alcobendas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coslada" title="Coslada">Coslada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parla" title="Parla">Parla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrej%C3%B3n_de_Ardoz" title="Torrejón de Ardoz">Torrejón de Ardoz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">50,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boadilla_del_Monte" title="Boadilla del Monte">Boadilla del Monte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Rozas_de_Madrid" title="Las Rozas de Madrid">Las Rozas de Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majadahonda" title="Majadahonda">Majadahonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozuelo_de_Alarc%C3%B3n" title="Pozuelo de Alarcón">Pozuelo de Alarcón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivas-Vaciamadrid" title="Rivas-Vaciamadrid">Rivas-Vaciamadrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_de_los_Reyes" title="San Sebastián de los Reyes">San Sebastián de los Reyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdemoro" title="Valdemoro">Valdemoro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">25,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinto,_Madrid" title="Pinto, Madrid">Pinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_de_Henares" title="San Fernando de Henares">San Fernando de Henares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tres_Cantos" title="Tres Cantos">Tres Cantos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villaviciosa_de_Od%C3%B3n" title="Villaviciosa de Odón">Villaviciosa de Odón</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_of_the_Community_of_Madrid" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Municipalities_in_the_Community_of_Madrid" title="Template:Municipalities in the Community of Madrid"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Municipalities_in_the_Community_of_Madrid" title="Template talk:Municipalities in the Community of Madrid"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities_in_the_Community_of_Madrid" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities in the Community of Madrid"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_of_the_Community_of_Madrid" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="List of municipalities in Madrid">Municipalities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madrid</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Community of Madrid"><img alt="Flag of the Community of Madrid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Community_of_Madrid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="700" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3stoles" title="Móstoles">Móstoles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">150,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_de_Henares" title="Alcalá de Henares">Alcalá de Henares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcorc%C3%B3n" title="Alcorcón">Alcorcón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuenlabrada" title="Fuenlabrada">Fuenlabrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getafe" title="Getafe">Getafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legan%C3%A9s" title="Leganés">Leganés</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcobendas" title="Alcobendas">Alcobendas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coslada" title="Coslada">Coslada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parla" title="Parla">Parla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrej%C3%B3n_de_Ardoz" title="Torrejón de Ardoz">Torrejón de Ardoz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">50,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aranjuez" title="Aranjuez">Aranjuez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arganda_del_Rey" title="Arganda del Rey">Arganda del Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boadilla_del_Monte" title="Boadilla del Monte">Boadilla del Monte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collado_Villalba" title="Collado Villalba">Collado Villalba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Rozas_de_Madrid" title="Las Rozas de Madrid">Las Rozas de Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majadahonda" title="Majadahonda">Majadahonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinto,_Madrid" title="Pinto, Madrid">Pinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozuelo_de_Alarc%C3%B3n" title="Pozuelo de Alarcón">Pozuelo de Alarcón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivas-Vaciamadrid" title="Rivas-Vaciamadrid">Rivas-Vaciamadrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_de_los_Reyes" title="San Sebastián de los Reyes">San Sebastián de los Reyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdemoro" title="Valdemoro">Valdemoro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">25,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colmenar_Viejo" title="Colmenar Viejo">Colmenar Viejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galapagar" title="Galapagar">Galapagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navalcarnero" title="Navalcarnero">Navalcarnero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_de_Henares" title="San Fernando de Henares">San Fernando de Henares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tres_Cantos" title="Tres Cantos">Tres Cantos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villaviciosa_de_Od%C3%B3n" title="Villaviciosa de Odón">Villaviciosa de Odón</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">under 25,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Acebeda" title="La Acebeda">La Acebeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajalvir" title="Ajalvir">Ajalvir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alameda_del_Valle" title="Alameda del Valle">Alameda del Valle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_%C3%81lamo" title="El Álamo">El Álamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldea_del_Fresno" title="Aldea del Fresno">Aldea del Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algete" title="Algete">Algete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpedrete" title="Alpedrete">Alpedrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambite" title="Ambite">Ambite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchuelo" title="Anchuelo">Anchuelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arroyomolinos,_Madrid" title="Arroyomolinos, Madrid">Arroyomolinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Atazar" title="El Atazar">El Atazar </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batres" title="Batres">Batres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becerril_de_la_Sierra" title="Becerril de la Sierra">Becerril de la Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmonte_de_Tajo" title="Belmonte de Tajo">Belmonte de Tajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Berrueco" title="El Berrueco">El Berrueco </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berzosa_del_Lozoya" title="Berzosa del Lozoya">Berzosa del Lozoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Boalo" title="El Boalo">El Boalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braojos" title="Braojos">Braojos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brea_de_Tajo" title="Brea de Tajo">Brea de Tajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunete" title="Brunete">Brunete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buitrago_del_Lozoya" title="Buitrago del Lozoya">Buitrago del Lozoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bustarviejo" title="Bustarviejo">Bustarviejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabanillas_de_la_Sierra" title="Cabanillas de la Sierra">Cabanillas de la Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Cabrera" title="La Cabrera">La Cabrera </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadalso_de_los_Vidrios" title="Cadalso de los Vidrios">Cadalso de los Vidrios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camarma_de_Esteruelas" title="Camarma de Esteruelas">Camarma de Esteruelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campo_Real" title="Campo Real">Campo Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canencia" title="Canencia">Canencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraba%C3%B1a" title="Carabaña">Carabaña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casarrubuelos" title="Casarrubuelos">Casarrubuelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenicientos" title="Cenicientos">Cenicientos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercedilla" title="Cercedilla">Cercedilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervera_de_Buitrago" title="Cervera de Buitrago">Cervera de Buitrago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapiner%C3%ADa" title="Chapinería">Chapinería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinch%C3%B3n" title="Chinchón">Chinchón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciempozuelos" title="Ciempozuelos">Ciempozuelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobe%C3%B1a" title="Cobeña">Cobeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collado_Mediano" title="Collado Mediano">Collado Mediano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmenar_de_Oreja" title="Colmenar de Oreja">Colmenar de Oreja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmenar_del_Arroyo" title="Colmenar del Arroyo">Colmenar del Arroyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmenarejo" title="Colmenarejo">Colmenarejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpa" title="Corpa">Corpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubas_de_la_Sagra" title="Cubas de la Sagra">Cubas de la Sagra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Escorial,_Madrid" title="El Escorial, Madrid">El Escorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estremera" title="Estremera">Estremera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresnedillas_de_la_Oliva" title="Fresnedillas de la Oliva">Fresnedillas de la Oliva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno_de_Torote" title="Fresno de Torote">Fresno de Torote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuente_el_Saz_de_Jarama" title="Fuente el Saz de Jarama">Fuente el Saz de Jarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuentidue%C3%B1a_de_Tajo" title="Fuentidueña de Tajo">Fuentidueña de Tajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garganta_de_los_Montes" title="Garganta de los Montes">Garganta de los Montes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gargantilla_del_Lozoya_y_Pinilla_de_Buitrago" title="Gargantilla del Lozoya y Pinilla de Buitrago">Gargantilla del Lozoya y Pinilla de Buitrago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gascones" title="Gascones">Gascones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gri%C3%B1%C3%B3n" title="Griñón">Griñón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalix_de_la_Sierra" title="Guadalix de la Sierra">Guadalix de la Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadarrama" title="Guadarrama">Guadarrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Hiruela" title="La Hiruela">La Hiruela </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horcajo_de_la_Sierra" title="Horcajo de la Sierra">Horcajo de la Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horcajuelo_de_la_Sierra" title="Horcajuelo de la Sierra">Horcajuelo de la Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoyo_de_Manzanares" title="Hoyo de Manzanares">Hoyo de Manzanares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loeches" title="Loeches">Loeches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozoya" title="Lozoya">Lozoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozoyuela-Navas-Sieteiglesias" title="Lozoyuela-Navas-Sieteiglesias">Lozoyuela-Navas-Sieteiglesias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madarcos" title="Madarcos">Madarcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzanares_el_Real" title="Manzanares el Real">Manzanares el Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meco,_Spain" title="Meco, Spain">Meco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miraflores_de_la_Sierra" title="Miraflores de la Sierra">Miraflores de la Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Molar,_Madrid" title="El Molar, Madrid">El Molar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Molinos,_Madrid" title="Los Molinos, Madrid">Los Molinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mejorada_del_Campo" title="Mejorada del Campo">Mejorada del Campo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montejo_de_la_Sierra" title="Montejo de la Sierra">Montejo de la Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moraleja_de_Enmedio" title="Moraleja de Enmedio">Moraleja de Enmedio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moralzarzal" title="Moralzarzal">Moralzarzal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morata_de_Taju%C3%B1a" title="Morata de Tajuña">Morata de Tajuña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navacerrada" title="Navacerrada">Navacerrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navalafuente" title="Navalafuente">Navalafuente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navalagamella" title="Navalagamella">Navalagamella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarredonda_y_San_Mam%C3%A9s" title="Navarredonda y San Mamés">Navarredonda y San Mamés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navas_del_Rey" title="Navas del Rey">Navas del Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Bazt%C3%A1n" title="Nuevo Baztán">Nuevo Baztán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmeda_de_las_Fuentes" title="Olmeda de las Fuentes">Olmeda de las Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orusco_de_Taju%C3%B1a" title="Orusco de Tajuña">Orusco de Tajuña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracuellos_de_Jarama" title="Paracuellos de Jarama">Paracuellos de Jarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedrezuela" title="Pedrezuela">Pedrezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelayos_de_la_Presa" title="Pelayos de la Presa">Pelayos de la Presa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perales_de_Taju%C3%B1a" title="Perales de Tajuña">Perales de Tajuña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pezuela_de_las_Torres" title="Pezuela de las Torres">Pezuela de las Torres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinilla_del_Valle" title="Pinilla del Valle">Pinilla del Valle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1u%C3%A9car-Gandullas" title="Piñuécar-Gandullas">Piñuécar-Gandullas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozuelo_del_Rey" title="Pozuelo del Rey">Pozuelo del Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1dena_del_Rinc%C3%B3n" title="Prádena del Rincón">Prádena del Rincón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebla_de_la_Sierra" title="Puebla de la Sierra">Puebla de la Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puentes_Viejas" title="Puentes Viejas">Puentes Viejas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quijorna" title="Quijorna">Quijorna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rascafr%C3%ADa" title="Rascafría">Rascafría</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redue%C3%B1a" title="Redueña">Redueña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribatejada" title="Ribatejada">Ribatejada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robledillo_de_la_Jara" title="Robledillo de la Jara">Robledillo de la Jara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robledo_de_Chavela" title="Robledo de Chavela">Robledo de Chavela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robregordo" title="Robregordo">Robregordo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozas_de_Puerto_Real" title="Rozas de Puerto Real">Rozas de Puerto Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Agust%C3%ADn_del_Guadalix" title="San Agustín del Guadalix">San Agustín del Guadalix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_de_El_Escorial" title="San Lorenzo de El Escorial">San Lorenzo de El Escorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Mart%C3%ADn_de_la_Vega" title="San Martín de la Vega">San Martín de la Vega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Mart%C3%ADn_de_Valdeiglesias" title="San Martín de Valdeiglesias">San Martín de Valdeiglesias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_de_la_Alameda" title="Santa María de la Alameda">Santa María de la Alameda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santorcaz" title="Santorcaz">Santorcaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Santos_de_la_Humosa" title="Los Santos de la Humosa">Los Santos de la Humosa </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Serna_del_Monte" title="La Serna del Monte">La Serna del Monte </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serranillos_del_Valle" title="Serranillos del Valle">Serranillos del Valle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevilla_la_Nueva" title="Sevilla la Nueva">Sevilla la Nueva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somosierra" title="Somosierra">Somosierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soto_del_Real" title="Soto del Real">Soto del Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talamanca_de_Jarama" title="Talamanca de Jarama">Talamanca de Jarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tielmes" title="Tielmes">Tielmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titulcia" title="Titulcia">Titulcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrej%C3%B3n_de_la_Calzada" title="Torrejón de la Calzada">Torrejón de la Calzada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrej%C3%B3n_de_Velasco" title="Torrejón de Velasco">Torrejón de Velasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrelaguna" title="Torrelaguna">Torrelaguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrelodones" title="Torrelodones">Torrelodones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torremocha_de_Jarama" title="Torremocha de Jarama">Torremocha de Jarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_de_la_Alameda" title="Torres de la Alameda">Torres de la Alameda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdaracete" title="Valdaracete">Valdaracete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdeavero" title="Valdeavero">Valdeavero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdelaguna" title="Valdelaguna">Valdelaguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdemanco" title="Valdemanco">Valdemanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdemaqueda" title="Valdemaqueda">Valdemaqueda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdemorillo" title="Valdemorillo">Valdemorillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdeolmos-Alalpardo" title="Valdeolmos-Alalpardo">Valdeolmos-Alalpardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdepi%C3%A9lagos" title="Valdepiélagos">Valdepiélagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdetorres_de_Jarama" title="Valdetorres de Jarama">Valdetorres de Jarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdilecha" title="Valdilecha">Valdilecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valverde_de_Alcal%C3%A1" title="Valverde de Alcalá">Valverde de Alcalá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Vell%C3%B3n" title="El Vellón">El Vellón </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venturada" title="Venturada">Venturada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_del_Prado" title="Villa del Prado">Villa del Prado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villaconejos" title="Villaconejos">Villaconejos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villalbilla" title="Villalbilla">Villalbilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villamanrique_de_Tajo" title="Villamanrique de Tajo">Villamanrique de Tajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villamanta" title="Villamanta">Villamanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villamantilla" title="Villamantilla">Villamantilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villanueva_de_la_Ca%C3%B1ada" title="Villanueva de la Cañada">Villanueva de la Cañada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villanueva_del_Pardillo" title="Villanueva del Pardillo">Villanueva del Pardillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villanueva_de_Perales" title="Villanueva de Perales">Villanueva de Perales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villar_del_Olmo" title="Villar del Olmo">Villar del Olmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villarejo_de_Salvan%C3%A9s" title="Villarejo de Salvanés">Villarejo de Salvanés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villavieja_del_Lozoya" title="Villavieja del Lozoya">Villavieja del Lozoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzalejo" title="Zarzalejo">Zarzalejo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Spain_by_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Spain" title="Template:Cities in Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Spain" title="Template talk:Cities in Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Spain_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cities in Spain by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000 - 999,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">300,000 - 499,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Cordoba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000 - 299,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gij%C3%B3n" title="Gijón">Gijón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Hospitalet_de_Llobregat" title="L'Hospitalet de Llobregat">L'Hospitalet de Llobregat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elche" title="Elche">Elche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badalona" title="Badalona">Badalona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Spain" title="Cartagena, Spain">Cartagena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrassa" title="Terrassa">Terrassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerez_de_la_Frontera" title="Jerez de la Frontera">Jerez de la Frontera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabadell" title="Sabadell">Sabadell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3stoles" title="Móstoles">Móstoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_de_Henares" title="Alcalá de Henares">Alcalá de Henares</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000 - 199,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuenlabrada" title="Fuenlabrada">Fuenlabrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almer%C3%ADa" title="Almería">Almería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legan%C3%A9s" title="Leganés">Leganés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castell%C3%B3n_de_la_Plana" title="Castellón de la Plana">Castellón de la Plana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getafe" title="Getafe">Getafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albacete" title="Albacete">Albacete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcorc%C3%B3n" title="Alcorcón">Alcorcón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_de_La_Laguna" title="San Cristóbal de La Laguna">San Cristóbal de La Laguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badajoz" title="Badajoz">Badajoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huelva" title="Huelva">Huelva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleida" title="Lleida">Lleida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marbella" title="Marbella">Marbella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarragona" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleida" title="Lleida">Lleida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dos_Hermanas" title="Dos Hermanas">Dos Hermanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarragona" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrej%C3%B3n_de_Ardoz" title="Torrejón de Ardoz">Torrejón de Ardoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parla" title="Parla">Parla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matar%C3%B3" title="Mataró">Mataró</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeciras" title="Algeciras">Algeciras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Coloma_de_Gramenet" title="Santa Coloma de Gramenet">Santa Coloma de Gramenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcobendas" title="Alcobendas">Alcobendas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain" title="Jaén, Spain">Jaén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reus" title="Reus">Reus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barakaldo" title="Barakaldo">Barakaldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girona" title="Girona">Girona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">75,000 - 99,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roquetas_de_Mar" title="Roquetas de Mar">Roquetas de Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1ceres,_Spain" title="Cáceres, Spain">Cáceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Rozas_de_Madrid" title="Las Rozas de Madrid">Las Rozas de Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorca,_Spain" title="Lorca, Spain">Lorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_C%C3%A1diz" title="San Fernando, Cádiz">San Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Puerto_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa" title="El Puerto de Santa María">El Puerto de Santa María</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalajara,_Spain" title="Guadalajara, Spain">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrevieja" title="Torrevieja">Torrevieja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talavera_de_la_Reina" title="Talavera de la Reina">Talavera de la Reina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orihuela" title="Orihuela">Orihuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palencia" title="Palencia">Palencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avil%C3%A9s" title="Avilés">Avilés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_de_Guada%C3%ADra" title="Alcalá de Guadaíra">Alcalá de Guadaíra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Real" title="Ciudad Real">Ciudad Real</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Spain" title="List of municipalities of Spain">Complete list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_provinces_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitals_of_Provinces_in_Spain" title="Template:Capitals of Provinces in Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capitals_of_Provinces_in_Spain" title="Template talk:Capitals of Provinces in Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals_of_Provinces_in_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals of Provinces in Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_provinces_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">provinces</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albacete" title="Albacete">Albacete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almer%C3%ADa" title="Almería">Almería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81vila" title="Ávila">Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badajoz" title="Badajoz">Badajoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1ceres,_Spain" title="Cáceres, Spain">Cáceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castell%C3%B3n_de_la_Plana" title="Castellón de la Plana">Castellón de la Plana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Real" title="Ciudad Real">Ciudad Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuenca,_Spain" title="Cuenca, Spain">Cuenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girona" title="Girona">Girona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalajara,_Spain" title="Guadalajara, Spain">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huelva" title="Huelva">Huelva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huesca" title="Huesca">Huesca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain" title="Jaén, Spain">Jaén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleida" title="Lleida">Lleida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palencia" title="Palencia">Palencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segovia" title="Segovia">Segovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soria" title="Soria">Soria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarragona" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teruel" title="Teruel">Teruel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamora,_Spain" title="Zamora, Spain">Zamora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Spain"><img alt="Flag of Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/50px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/75px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/100px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_autonomous_communities_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Autonomous_Community_capitals_of_Spain" title="Template:Autonomous Community capitals of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Autonomous_Community_capitals_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Autonomous Community capitals of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Autonomous_Community_capitals_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Autonomous Community capitals of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_autonomous_communities_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous communities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Castilla–La Mancha">Castilla–La Mancha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Capital of Castile and León">de facto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Rioja" title="La Rioja">La Rioja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madrid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Murcia" title="Region of Murcia">Region of Murcia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>1</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Spain"><img alt="Flag of Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/50px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/75px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/100px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>1 Autonomous cities</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Madrid_in_the_European_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Madrid_in_the_European_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Madrid in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in italics.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, Netherlands1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a>, Andorra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, Turkey2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a>, Kazakhstan2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, Greece</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, Azerbaijan2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, Serbia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>, Switzerland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>, Slovakia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, Romania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Hungary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a>, Moldova</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, Denmark</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, Finland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, Ukraine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Portugal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>, Slovenia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a>, Luxembourg</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madrid</a>, Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, Belarus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>, Cyprus2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, Norway</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a>, Montenegro</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, Czech Republic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>, Iceland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>, Latvia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a>, San Marino</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>, North Macedonia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, Bulgaria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, Sweden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, Estonia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, Georgia2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a>, Albania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>, Malta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Austria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, Lithuania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a>, Armenia2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a>, Northern Cyprus2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a>, Kosovo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a>, Abkhazia2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a>, Transnistria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a>, South Ossetia3</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, Scotland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a>, Wales</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a>, Isle of Man</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>, Gibraltar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a>, Jersey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a>, Svalbard (Norway)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a>, Burgenland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a>, Styria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a>, Tyrol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a>, Carinthia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a>, Upper Austria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a>, Salzburg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a>, Lower Austria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a>, Brčko District</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Berlin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a>, Bremen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>, Saxony</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a>, Thuringia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, Hamburg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, Bavaria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>, Brandenburg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a>, Saarland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a>, Chuvashia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a>, Kalmykia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a>, Chechnya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a>, Udmurtia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a>, Tatarstan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magas" title="Magas">Magas</a>, Ingushetia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a>, Dagestan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a>, Adygea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a>, Karelia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a>, Mordovia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a>, Komi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a>, Perm Krai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a>, Aargau</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a>, Uri</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a>, Ticino</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a>, Grisons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a>, Jura</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a>, Thurgau</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a>, Vaud</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a>, Obwalden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a>, Valais</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a>, Nidwalden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a>, Sardinia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, Sicily</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a>, Azores</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, Catalonia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a> & <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a>, Canary Islands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a>, La Rioja</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madrid</a>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a>, Extremadura</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a>, Asturias</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a>, Navarre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a>, Cantabria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>, Galicia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>, Andalusia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>, Valencian Community</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1 Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li>2 Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li>3 Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li>4 A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Capital_cities_of_the_member_states_of_the_European_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capital_cities_of_European_Union_member_states" title="Template:Capital cities of European Union member states"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capital_cities_of_European_Union_member_states" title="Template talk:Capital cities of European Union member states"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capital_cities_of_European_Union_member_states" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capital cities of European Union member states"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Capital_cities_of_the_member_states_of_the_European_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital cities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">member states</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>: <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam"><img alt="Amsterdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Insigne_Amstelodamensis.svg/45px-Insigne_Amstelodamensis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Insigne_Amstelodamensis.svg/68px-Insigne_Amstelodamensis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Insigne_Amstelodamensis.svg/90px-Insigne_Amstelodamensis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>: <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens"><img alt="Athens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Insigne_Athenarum.svg/45px-Insigne_Athenarum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Insigne_Athenarum.svg/68px-Insigne_Athenarum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Insigne_Athenarum.svg/90px-Insigne_Athenarum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>: <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin"><img alt="Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Country_symbol_of_Berlin_color.svg/45px-Country_symbol_of_Berlin_color.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Country_symbol_of_Berlin_color.svg/68px-Country_symbol_of_Berlin_color.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Country_symbol_of_Berlin_color.svg/90px-Country_symbol_of_Berlin_color.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="501" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava"><img alt="Bratislava" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coat_of_Arms_of_Bratislava.svg/45px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Bratislava.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coat_of_Arms_of_Bratislava.svg/68px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Bratislava.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Coat_of_Arms_of_Bratislava.svg/90px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Bratislava.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="580" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels"><img alt="Brussels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Coat_of_Arms_of_Brussels.svg/45px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Brussels.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Coat_of_Arms_of_Brussels.svg/68px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Brussels.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Coat_of_Arms_of_Brussels.svg/90px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Brussels.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest"><img alt="Bucharest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/ROU_Bucharest_CoA1.svg/45px-ROU_Bucharest_CoA1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/ROU_Bucharest_CoA1.svg/68px-ROU_Bucharest_CoA1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/ROU_Bucharest_CoA1.svg/90px-ROU_Bucharest_CoA1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="332" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest"><img alt="Budapest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Insigne_Budapestini.svg/45px-Insigne_Budapestini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Insigne_Budapestini.svg/68px-Insigne_Budapestini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Insigne_Budapestini.svg/90px-Insigne_Budapestini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>: <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen"><img alt="Copenhagen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Coat_of_arms_of_Copenhagen.svg/45px-Coat_of_arms_of_Copenhagen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Coat_of_arms_of_Copenhagen.svg/68px-Coat_of_arms_of_Copenhagen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Coat_of_arms_of_Copenhagen.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Copenhagen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="217" data-file-height="264" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin"><img alt="Dublin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Insigne_Eblanae.svg/45px-Insigne_Eblanae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Insigne_Eblanae.svg/68px-Insigne_Eblanae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Insigne_Eblanae.svg/90px-Insigne_Eblanae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>: <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki"><img alt="Helsinki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Helsinki.vaakuna.svg/45px-Helsinki.vaakuna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Helsinki.vaakuna.svg/68px-Helsinki.vaakuna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Helsinki.vaakuna.svg/90px-Helsinki.vaakuna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="578" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon"><img alt="Lisbon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Insigne_Olipsionis.svg/45px-Insigne_Olipsionis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Insigne_Olipsionis.svg/68px-Insigne_Olipsionis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Insigne_Olipsionis.svg/90px-Insigne_Olipsionis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana"><img alt="Ljubljana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Insigne_Aemonae.svg/45px-Insigne_Aemonae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Insigne_Aemonae.svg/68px-Insigne_Aemonae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Insigne_Aemonae.svg/90px-Insigne_Aemonae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>: <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City"><img alt="Luxembourg City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/EU_Member_States%27_CoA_Series-_Luxembourg.svg/45px-EU_Member_States%27_CoA_Series-_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/EU_Member_States%27_CoA_Series-_Luxembourg.svg/68px-EU_Member_States%27_CoA_Series-_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/EU_Member_States%27_CoA_Series-_Luxembourg.svg/90px-EU_Member_States%27_CoA_Series-_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="360" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madrid</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid"><img alt="Madrid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Arms_of_Madrid_City.svg/45px-Arms_of_Madrid_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Arms_of_Madrid_City.svg/68px-Arms_of_Madrid_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Arms_of_Madrid_City.svg/90px-Arms_of_Madrid_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="926" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris"><img alt="Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Insigne_Lutetiae.svg/45px-Insigne_Lutetiae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Insigne_Lutetiae.svg/68px-Insigne_Lutetiae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Insigne_Lutetiae.svg/90px-Insigne_Lutetiae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>: <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague"><img alt="Prague" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Insigne_Pragae.svg/45px-Insigne_Pragae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Insigne_Pragae.svg/68px-Insigne_Pragae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Insigne_Pragae.svg/90px-Insigne_Pragae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga"><img alt="Riga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Insigne_Rigae.svg/45px-Insigne_Rigae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Insigne_Rigae.svg/68px-Insigne_Rigae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Insigne_Rigae.svg/90px-Insigne_Rigae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome"><img alt="Rome" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Insigne_Romanum.svg/45px-Insigne_Romanum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Insigne_Romanum.svg/68px-Insigne_Romanum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Insigne_Romanum.svg/90px-Insigne_Romanum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia"><img alt="Sofia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Insigne_Serdicae.svg/45px-Insigne_Serdicae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Insigne_Serdicae.svg/68px-Insigne_Serdicae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Insigne_Serdicae.svg/90px-Insigne_Serdicae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm"><img alt="Stockholm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Insigne_Holmiae.svg/45px-Insigne_Holmiae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Insigne_Holmiae.svg/68px-Insigne_Holmiae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Insigne_Holmiae.svg/90px-Insigne_Holmiae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn"><img alt="Tallinn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coat_of_arms_of_Tallinn.svg/45px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tallinn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coat_of_arms_of_Tallinn.svg/68px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tallinn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coat_of_arms_of_Tallinn.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tallinn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="232" data-file-height="357" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>: <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta"><img alt="Valletta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Insigne_Valettae.svg/45px-Insigne_Valettae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Insigne_Valettae.svg/68px-Insigne_Valettae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Insigne_Valettae.svg/90px-Insigne_Valettae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna"><img alt="Vienna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Insigne_Vindobonae.svg/45px-Insigne_Vindobonae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Insigne_Vindobonae.svg/68px-Insigne_Vindobonae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Insigne_Vindobonae.svg/90px-Insigne_Vindobonae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius"><img alt="Vilnius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius_Gold.png/45px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius_Gold.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius_Gold.png/68px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius_Gold.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius_Gold.png/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vilnius_Gold.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="561" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>: <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw"><img alt="Warsaw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Insigne_Varsoviae.svg/45px-Insigne_Varsoviae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Insigne_Varsoviae.svg/68px-Insigne_Varsoviae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Insigne_Varsoviae.svg/90px-Insigne_Varsoviae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb"><img alt="Zagreb" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Insigne_Zagrabiae.svg/45px-Insigne_Zagrabiae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Insigne_Zagrabiae.svg/68px-Insigne_Zagrabiae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Insigne_Zagrabiae.svg/90px-Insigne_Zagrabiae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Template:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Template talk:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Capitals_of_Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capitals of Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1985</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West</a> <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></dd> <dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madrid</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg City</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Weimar" title="Weimar">Weimar</a></dd> <dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg City</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></dd> <dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a></dd> <dt>2013</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></dd> <dt>2015</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mons,_Belgium" title="Mons, Belgium">Mons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plze%C5%88" title="Plzeň">Plzeň</a></dd> <dt>2016</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></dd> <dt>2017</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paphos" title="Paphos">Paphos</a></dd> <dt>2018</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leeuwarden" title="Leeuwarden">Leeuwarden</a></dd> <dt>2019</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Matera" title="Matera">Matera</a></dd> <dt>2020-April 2021</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a></dd> <dt>2022</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Esch-sur-Alzette" title="Esch-sur-Alzette">Esch-sur-Alzette</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></dd> <dt>2023</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m" title="Veszprém">Veszprém</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elefsina" title="Elefsina">Elefsina</a></dd> <dt>2024</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bad_Ischl" title="Bad Ischl">Bad Ischl</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bod%C3%B8_(town)" title="Bodø (town)">Bodø</a></dd> <dt>2025</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nova_Gorica" title="Nova Gorica">Nova Gorica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gorizia" title="Gorizia">Gorizia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a></dd> <dt>2026</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tren%C4%8D%C3%ADn" title="Trenčín">Trenčín</a></dd> <dt>2027</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liep%C4%81ja" title="Liepāja">Liepāja</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Capitals_of_Sport" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Capital_of_Sport" title="Template:European Capital of Sport"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:European_Capital_of_Sport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:European Capital of Sport (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Capital_of_Sport" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Capital of Sport"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Capitals_of_Sport" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">European Capitals of Sport</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madrid</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></li> <li>2009 <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></li> <li>2011 <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></li> <li>2012 <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li> <li>2015 <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></li> <li>2016 <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></li> <li>2017 <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></li> <li>2018 <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></li> <li>2019 <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></li> <li>2020 <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a></li> <li>2021 <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></li> <li>2022 <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a></li> <li>2023 <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li>2024 <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Book_Capitals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Book_Capital" title="Template:World Book Capital"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Book_Capital" title="Template talk:World Book Capital"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Book_Capital" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Book Capital"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Book_Capitals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Book_Capital" title="World Book Capital">World Book Capitals</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madrid</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><img alt="Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><img alt="Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a> </li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> </li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a> </li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Port_Harcourt" title="Port Harcourt">Port Harcourt</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Incheon" title="Incheon">Incheon</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea"><img alt="Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Conakry" title="Conakry">Conakry</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sharjah" title="Sharjah">Sharjah</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana"><img alt="Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_UNESCO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/80px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/120px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/160px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2807#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2807#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2807#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000118822393">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/155864429">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204086/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJc7YMFQ6XdTqVK84G4yVC">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4036862-2">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78089046">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864817t">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864817t">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00629281">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129931&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX450543">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000763597&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/fcrtsm3z2zqr5jf">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007550239705171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058515735506706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/9ddf829c-48ee-4457-a80d-f7370f24f2ec">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02639183X">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045034">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/madrid">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madrid&oldid=1258759466">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madrid&oldid=1258759466</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Madrid" title="Category:Madrid">Madrid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Capitals_in_Europe" title="Category:Capitals in Europe">Capitals in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Municipalities_in_the_Community_of_Madrid" title="Category:Municipalities in the Community of Madrid">Municipalities in the Community of Madrid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_the_9th_century" title="Category:Populated places established in the 9th century">Populated places established in the 9th century</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:9th-century_establishments_in_al-Andalus" title="Category:9th-century establishments in al-Andalus">9th-century establishments in al-Andalus</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget 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1,\n [\"CITEREFCerrillo_Torquemada2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCestero_ManceraMolina_MartosParedes_García2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClover2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCortés2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCruz2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDialesandroWheelerAbunnasr2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDomínguez_Ortiz2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDávalos2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEnguix2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEscobar2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEspaña2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEstepa_Gómez2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFaraldoRodríguez-López2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeo_Parrondo2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFraguas2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFraser2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaliana_Martín1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarcía-Posada2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarcía_BallesterosRevilla_González2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarcía_Gallo2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarcía_Gutiérrez-Mosteiro1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarcía_Ruiz2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlobalization_and_World_Cities_(GaWC)_Study_Group_and_Network,_Loughborough_University\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGonzalo_MuñozGonzález_Doncel2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerasPeláez2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHermida2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJiménez_BarradoSánchez_Martín2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKandell2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhayat\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeón2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLlamas2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLynch2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLópez2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLópez_Simón2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMadridiario\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartín-Aceña2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartínez_Pereira2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMasterson-Algar2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGrath2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMclean2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMedina2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeteorología\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFMinchot2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMolina_Martos2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMonteroCervera_Gil2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorales_García2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorales_MatosMarías_Martínez2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoreno-Fernández2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMéndez2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Sullivan2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOrjuela_CastroCastro_OcampoSuspes_Bulla2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParsons2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeredaSantos2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPinto_Crespo2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrados_Martín2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPérez2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPérez_Mendoza2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPérez_Orozco2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuilis1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuirós_Rosado2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRemón_Menéndez1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRiaño2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichardson2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRodríguez-Pina2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRío_Barredo1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalgado2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSkokMartinez2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSultanaWeber2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuárez_Fernández2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSánchez-Silva2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSánchez_Martín2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTeran1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFToméMuñoz_Rodríguez2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTorrús2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFValenzuela_Rubio1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVallejo2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFValverde2019\"] = 1,\n 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[\"EngvarB\"] = 1,\n [\"European Capital of Culture\"] = 1,\n [\"European Capital of Sport\"] = 1,\n [\"Explain\"] = 2,\n [\"Failed verification\"] = 1,\n [\"For timeline\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 9,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Ill\"] = 41,\n [\"Image label begin\"] = 1,\n [\"Image label end\"] = 1,\n [\"Image label small\"] = 21,\n [\"Infobox mapframe\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox settlement\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 17,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"List of European capitals by region\"] = 1,\n [\"Literal translation\"] = 1,\n [\"Madrid MA\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 20,\n [\"More citations needed section\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 5,\n [\"Municipalities in the Community of Madrid\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 2,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Nts\"] = 55,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move-dispute\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Refn\"] = 2,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 49,\n [\"See also\"] = 5,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 35,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 1,\n [\"Smallcaps\"] = 2,\n [\"Spain metadata Wikidata\"] = 3,\n [\"Update inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 3,\n [\"Wikt-lang\"] = 2,\n [\"World Book Capital\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","620","22.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","380","13.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","240","8.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","240","8.6"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","160","5.7"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","140","5.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","120","4.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","100","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","100","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","80","2.9"],["[others]","620","22.1"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-67468f59cb-4xhwf","timestamp":"20241127132721","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Madrid","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madrid","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2807","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2807","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-12-18T15:53:02Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T13:35:40Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/14\/Madrid_-_Sky_Bar_360%C2%BA_%28Hotel_Riu_Plaza_Espa%C3%B1a%29%2C_vistas_19.jpg","headline":"municipality and capital of Spain"}</script> </body> </html>