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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_interests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other interests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_interests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_belief" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_belief"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Religious belief</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religious_belief-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Religious belief subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Religious_belief-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-On_the_spirit_of_the_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_the_spirit_of_the_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>On the spirit of the times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On_the_spirit_of_the_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-On_Catholic_priests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_Catholic_priests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>On Catholic priests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On_Catholic_priests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Online" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Online"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Online</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Online-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alphonse de Lamartine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ألفونس دو لامارتين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألفونس دو لامارتين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_de_Lamartini" title="Alfonso de Lamartini – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alfonso de Lamartini" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آلفونس دو لامارتین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلفونس دو لامارتین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BE_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Алфонс дьо Ламартин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алфонс дьо Ламартин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CF%86%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%82_%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5_%CE%9B%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD" title="Αλφόνς ντε Λαμαρτίν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλφόνς ντε Λαμαρτίν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آلفونس دو لامارتین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلفونس دو لامارتین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%90%81%EC%8A%A4_%EB%93%9C_%EB%9D%BC%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%8B%B4" title="알퐁스 드 라마르틴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알퐁스 드 라마르틴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D6%86%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BD_%D5%A4%D5%A8_%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Ալֆոնս դը Լամարթին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալֆոնս դը Լամարթին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9F" title="אלפונס דה למרטין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלפונס דה למרטין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Альфонс Мари Луи де Ламартин – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Альфонс Мари Луи де Ламартин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonsus_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonsus de Lamartine – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alphonsus de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Алфонс де Ламартин – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алфонс де Ламартин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="आल्फोन्स द लामार्टीन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आल्फोन्स द लामार्टीन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="الفونس دو لامارتين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الفونس دو لامارتين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آلفونس دولامارتین – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آلفونس دولامارتین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8C" title="アルフォンス・ド・ラマルティーヌ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルフォンス・ド・ラマルティーヌ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%92_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="الفونسے دی لامارتین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الفونسے دی لامارتین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Ламартин, Альфонс де – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ламартин, Альфонс де" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%DB%86%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%AF%DB%8E_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ئالفۆنس دێ لامارتین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئالفۆنس دێ لامارتین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Алфонс де Ламартин – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алфонс де Ламартин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="அல்போன்சு டி லாமார்ட்டின் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அல்போன்சு டி லாமார்ட்டின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD_%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="อาลฟงส์ เดอ ลามาร์ตีน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาลฟงส์ เดอ ลามาร์ตีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Альфонс де Ламартін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Альфонс де Ламартін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%92_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="الفونسے دی لامارتین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الفونسے دی لامارتین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Alphonse de Lamartine" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81" title="阿方斯·德·拉马丁 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿方斯·德·拉马丁" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188697#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French author, poet and statesman (1790–1869)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Lamartine" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lamartine_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lamartine (disambiguation)">Lamartine (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Alphonse de Lamartine</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lamartine_par_Ary_Scheffer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Lamartine_par_Ary_Scheffer.png/220px-Lamartine_par_Ary_Scheffer.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Lamartine_par_Ary_Scheffer.png/330px-Lamartine_par_Ary_Scheffer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Lamartine_par_Ary_Scheffer.png/440px-Lamartine_par_Ary_Scheffer.png 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="837" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Ary_Scheffer" title="Ary Scheffer">Ary Scheffer</a>, 1848</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire" title="Saône-et-Loire">Saône-et-Loire</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />8 July 1849 – 2 December 1851</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Rolland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Rolland (page does not exist)">Charles Rolland</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Rolland_(homme_politique)" class="extiw" title="fr:Charles Rolland (homme politique)">fr</a>]</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/French_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_of_1851" class="mw-redirect" title="French coup d'état of 1851">End of the Second Republic</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2con" title="Mâcon">Mâcon</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_International_Development_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development (France)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />24 February 1848 – 11 May 1848</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Charles_Dupont_de_l%27Eure" title="Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure">Jacques-Charles Dupont</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Guizot" title="François Guizot">François Guizot</a> (also Prime Minister)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jules_Bastide" title="Jules Bastide">Jules Bastide</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />4 May 1848 – 26 May 1849</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>New constituency</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Marcellin_Rulhi%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Marcellin Rulhières">Joseph Marcellin Rulhières</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(France)" title="Chamber of Deputies (France)">Chamber of Deputies</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire" title="Saône-et-Loire">Saône-et-Loire</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />4 November 1837 – 24 February 1848</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Claude-Louis_Mathieu" title="Claude-Louis Mathieu">Claude-Louis Mathieu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Rolland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Rolland (page does not exist)">Charles Rolland</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Rolland_(homme_politique)" class="extiw" title="fr:Charles Rolland (homme politique)">fr</a>]</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2con" title="Mâcon">Mâcon</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(France)" title="Chamber of Deputies (France)">Chamber of Deputies</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />7 January 1833 – 3 October 1837</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Lemaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Lemaire (page does not exist)">Paul Lemaire</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Andr%C3%A9_Louis_Lemaire" class="extiw" title="fr:Paul André Louis Lemaire">fr</a>]</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_de_Hau_de_Staplande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis de Hau de Staplande (page does not exist)">Louis de Hau de Staplande</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Hau_de_Staplande" class="extiw" title="fr:Louis de Hau de Staplande">fr</a>]</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bergues" title="Bergues">Bergues</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Alphonse Marie Louis de Prat de Lamartine</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1790-10-21</span>)</span>21 October 1790<br /><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2con" title="Mâcon">Mâcon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">28 February 1869<span style="display:none">(1869-02-28)</span> (aged 78)<br />Paris, <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">French Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Party_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social Party (France) (page does not exist)">Social Party</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_social" class="extiw" title="fr:Parti social">fr</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-Jenson_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jenson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1833–1837)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Party_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third Party (France) (page does not exist)">Third Party</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiers-parti_(Monarchie_de_Juillet)" class="extiw" title="fr:Tiers-parti (Monarchie de Juillet)">fr</a>]</span> (1837–1848)<br /><a href="/wiki/Moderate_Republicans_(France,_1848%E2%80%931870)" title="Moderate Republicans (France, 1848–1870)">Moderate Republican</a> (1848–1851)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elisa_de_Lamartine" title="Elisa de Lamartine">Elisa de Lamartine</a> </div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1820; died 1863)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li>Alphonse de Lamartine<br />(1821–1822)</li><li>Julia de Lamartine (1822–1832)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Belley" title="Belley">Belley</a> College</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Writer" title="Writer">Writer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">Poet</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Writing career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/19th_century_in_literature" title="19th century in literature">19th century</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Novel</li><li>Poetry</li><li>History</li><li>Theatre</li><li>Biography</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a>, love, <a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(philosophy)" title="Spiritualism (philosophy)">spiritualism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1811–1869</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Graziella" title="Graziella">Graziella</a></i> (1852)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signatur_Alphonse_de_Lamartine.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Signatur_Alphonse_de_Lamartine.PNG/150px-Signatur_Alphonse_de_Lamartine.PNG" decoding="async" width="150" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Signatur_Alphonse_de_Lamartine.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="169" data-file-height="88" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Alphonse Marie Louis de Prat de Lamartine</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[alfɔ̃s<span class="wrap"> </span>maʁi<span class="wrap"> </span>lwi<span class="wrap"> </span>dəpʁa<span class="wrap"> </span>də<span class="wrap"> </span>lamaʁtin]</a></span>; 21 October 1790 – 28 February 1869)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a French author, poet, and statesman. Initially a moderate royalist Lamartine became one of the leading critics of the <a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Louis-Phillipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Phillipe">Louis-Phillipe</a> aligning more with the Republican Left and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teachings" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic social teachings">Social Catholicism</a>. </p><p>He was a leading figure in the <a href="/wiki/1848_French_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1848 French Revolution">1848 French Revolution</a> and was instrumental in the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Second French Republic">Second Republic</a> along with the continuation of the <i>tricolore</i> as the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France" title="Flag of France">flag of France</a>. During the revolutionary year of 1848 he served as Foreign Minister and frequently worked to ease tensions between the government and the working class. He was a candidate in the <a href="/wiki/1848_French_presidential_election" title="1848 French presidential election">1848 French presidential election</a> but lost to <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Louis Napoleon Bonaparte</a>. After the election he retired from political life. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_de_Lamartine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_de_Lamartine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2con" title="Mâcon">Mâcon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a>, on 21 October 1790,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> into a family of the French provincial nobility, Lamartine spent his youth at the family estate. In his youth he read <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_F%C3%A9nelon" title="François Fénelon">Fénelon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89variste_de_Parny" title="Évariste de Parny">Parny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernardin_de_Saint-Pierre" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernardin de Saint-Pierre">Bernardin de Saint-Pierre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racine" class="mw-redirect" title="Racine">Racine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torquato_Tasso" title="Torquato Tasso">Tasso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petrarch" title="Petrarch">Petrarch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mme_de_Sta%C3%ABl" class="mw-redirect" title="Mme de Staël">Mme de Staël</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ossian" title="Ossian">Ossian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lamartine made his entrance into the field of poetry with a masterpiece, <i>Les Méditations Poétiques</i> (1820) and awoke to find himself famous.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the notable poems in this collection was his partly autobiographical poem <i>Le Lac</i> ("The Lake"), which he dedicated to Julie Charles, the wife of a celebrated physician.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In it he describes in retrospect the fervent love shared by a couple from the point of view of the bereaved man. </p><p>He was made a Chevalier of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> in 1825. He worked for the French embassy in Italy from 1825 to 1828. In 1829, he was elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie française">Académie française</a>. He was elected as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(France)" title="Chamber of Deputies (France)"> Chamber of Deputies</a> in 1833. In 1835 he published the <a href="/wiki/Voyage_en_Orient_(Lamartine)" title="Voyage en Orient (Lamartine)"><i>Voyage en Orient</i></a>, a brilliant and bold account of the journey he had just made, in royal luxury, to the countries of the Orient, and in the course of which he had lost his only daughter. Lamartine was masterly in his use of French poetic forms but from then on he confined himself to prose. Raised a devout <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic"> Catholic</a>, Lamartine became a <a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism"> pantheist</a>, writing <i>Jocelyn</i> and <i>La Chute d'un ange</i> and in 1847, <i>Histoire des Girondins,</i> in praise of the <a href="/wiki/Girondists" class="mw-redirect" title="Girondists">Girondists</a>. In his older years Lamartine returned to the Church.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_de_Lamartine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_Monarchy">July Monarchy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_de_Lamartine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July Monarchy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alphonse_de_Lamartine.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alphonse_de_Lamartine.PNG/220px-Alphonse_de_Lamartine.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alphonse_de_Lamartine.PNG/330px-Alphonse_de_Lamartine.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alphonse_de_Lamartine.PNG/440px-Alphonse_de_Lamartine.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1082" data-file-height="1396" /></a><figcaption>Lamartine by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard" title="François Gérard">François Gérard</a>, 1830</figcaption></figure> <p>Initially a monarchist, Lamartine came to embrace democratic ideals and opposed militaristic nationalism.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 1830, Lamartine's opinions shifted in the direction of liberalism.<sup id="cite_ref-Jenson_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jenson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first run for Parliament was an unsuccessful attempt in 1831 as a "board and moderate royalist". When elected in 1833 to the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(France)" title="Chamber of Deputies (France)"> Chamber of Deputies</a>, he was asked what side of the chamber he was going to sit on, he responded "on the ceiling".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout his time in the Chamber, Lamartine always sat in the opposition. He quickly founded his own "Social Party" with some influence from <a href="/wiki/Saint-Simonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Simonian">Saint-Simonian</a> ideas and established himself as a prominent critic of the <a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a>. Initially critical of both the Bourgeois Monarchy and the Republican agitators, Lamartine becoming more and more of a republican in the monarchy's last years.<sup id="cite_ref-Jenson_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jenson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lamartine denounced the French government's decision to back down during the <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Crisis_of_1840" title="Oriental Crisis of 1840">Oriental Crisis of 1840</a>, forcing France's ally <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_of_Egypt" title="Muhammad Ali of Egypt">Muhammad Ali</a> to surrender <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, calling it "the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo" title="Battle of Waterloo">Waterloo</a> of French diplomacy"<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>A follower of <a href="/wiki/Lamennais" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamennais">Lamennais</a>, Lamartine advocated the separation of church and state believing it allowed the church to better fulfill its diving mission.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the 30s the radical opposition considered Lamartine their leading spokesman against King <a href="/wiki/Louis-Phillipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Phillipe">Louis-Phillipe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Guizot" title="François Guizot">François Guizot</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lamartine's <i> Histoire des Girondins</i> was an instant success to the point that he styled himself the "Minister of Public Opinion" and considered one of the causes of the 1848 revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Republic">Second Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_de_Lamartine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Second Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was briefly in charge of the government during the <a href="/wiki/The_Revolutions_of_1848_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="The Revolutions of 1848 in France">turbulence of 1848</a>. He was <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (France)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> from 24 February 1848 to 11 May 1848. Due to his great age, <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Charles_Dupont_de_l%27Eure" title="Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure">Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure</a>, Chairman of the Provisional Government, effectively delegated many of his duties to Lamartine. He was then a member of the <a href="/wiki/French_Executive_Commission_(1848)" class="mw-redirect" title="French Executive Commission (1848)">Executive Commission</a>, the political body which served as France's joint Head of State. </p><p>Lamartine was instrumental in the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Second French Republic">Second Republic</a>, having met with republican deputies and journalists in the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Paris" title="Hôtel de Ville, Paris">Hôtel de Ville</a> to agree on the makeup of its provisional government. Lamartine himself was chosen to declare the <a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">Republic</a> in traditional form in the balcony of the Hôtel de Ville, and ensured the continuation of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France" title="Flag of France">Tricolour</a> as the flag of the nation. </p><p>On 25 February 1848, Lamartine said about the Tricolour Flag: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"I spoke to you as a citizen earlier, well! Now listen to me, your Foreign Minister. If you take the tricolor flag away from me, know it, you will remove from me half the external force of France! Because Europe only knows the flag of its defeats and of our victories in the flag of the Republic and of the Empire. By seeing the red flag, they will believe that they are only seeing the flag of a party! This is the flag of France, it is the flag of our victorious armies, it is the flag of our triumphs that must be raised before Europe. France and the tricolor are one same thought, one same prestige, one same terror, if necessary, for our enemies! Imagine how much blood would be necessary for you to get another flag renamed! Citizens, for me, the red flag, I will never adopt it, and I am going to tell you why I'm against it with all the strength of my patriotism. It's that the tricolor has toured the world with the Republic and the Empire, with your freedoms and your glories, and the red flag has only toured the <a href="/wiki/Champ-de-Mars" class="mw-redirect" title="Champ-de-Mars">Champ-de-Mars</a>, dragged in the blood of the people."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>During his term as a politician of the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Second French Republic">Second Republic</a>, he led efforts that culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolitionism in France">abolition of slavery</a> and the death penalty, as well as the enshrinement of the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_work" title="Right to work">right to work</a> and the short-lived national workshop programs. A political idealist who supported democracy and <a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">pacifism</a>, his moderate stance on most issues caused many of his followers to desert him. He was an unsuccessful candidate in the <a href="/wiki/1848_French_presidential_election" title="1848 French presidential election">1848 presidential election</a>, receiving fewer than 19,000 votes and losing to <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Louis Napoléon Bonaparte</a>. He subsequently retired from politics and dedicated himself to literature. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_years_and_legacy">Final years and legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_de_Lamartine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Final years and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lamartine_photography_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Lamartine_photography_cropped.jpg/200px-Lamartine_photography_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Lamartine_photography_cropped.jpg/300px-Lamartine_photography_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Lamartine_photography_cropped.jpg/400px-Lamartine_photography_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="1240" /></a><figcaption>Alphonse de Lamartine photographed in 1865</figcaption></figure> <p>He published volumes on the most varied subjects (history, criticism, personal confidences, literary conversations) especially during the Empire, when, having retired to private life and having become the prey of his creditors, he condemned himself to what he calls "literary hard-labor to exist and pay his debts". Lamartine ended his life in poverty, publishing monthly installments of the <i>Cours familier de littérature</i> to support himself. He died in Paris in 1869. </p><p>Nobel prize winner <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral" title="Frédéric Mistral">Frédéric Mistral</a>'s fame was in part due to the praise of Alphonse de Lamartine in the fortieth edition of his periodical <i>Cours familier de littérature</i>, following the publication of Mistral's long poem <i><a href="/wiki/Mir%C3%A8io" title="Mirèio">Mirèio</a></i>. Mistral is the most revered writer in modern <a href="/wiki/Occitan_literature" title="Occitan literature">Occitan literature</a>. </p><p>Lamartine is considered to be the first French <a href="/wiki/Romantic_poetry" title="Romantic poetry">romantic</a> poet (though <a href="/wiki/Charles-Julien_Lioult_de_Ch%C3%AAnedoll%C3%A9" title="Charles-Julien Lioult de Chênedollé">Charles-Julien Lioult de Chênedollé</a> was working on similar innovations at the same time), and was acknowledged by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Verlaine" title="Paul Verlaine">Paul Verlaine</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(movement)" title="Symbolism (movement)">Symbolists</a> as an important influence. <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a> also admired Lamartine, who was the subject of some discourses in his notebooks.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_interests">Other interests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_de_Lamartine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other interests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Full_view_of_Lamartine%27s_House_-_Plovdiv,_Bulgaria.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Full_view_of_Lamartine%27s_House_-_Plovdiv%2C_Bulgaria.JPG/220px-Full_view_of_Lamartine%27s_House_-_Plovdiv%2C_Bulgaria.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Full_view_of_Lamartine%27s_House_-_Plovdiv%2C_Bulgaria.JPG/330px-Full_view_of_Lamartine%27s_House_-_Plovdiv%2C_Bulgaria.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Full_view_of_Lamartine%27s_House_-_Plovdiv%2C_Bulgaria.JPG/440px-Full_view_of_Lamartine%27s_House_-_Plovdiv%2C_Bulgaria.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Lamartine's House in <a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Alphonse de Lamartine was also an <a href="/wiki/Oriental_studies" title="Oriental studies">Orientalist</a>. He used themes and materials of the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> and the Bible to create plotlines, heroes, and landscapes that resemble an exotic Oriental world.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also had a particular interest in <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> and the Middle East. He travelled to Lebanon, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a> in 1832–33.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During that trip, while he and his wife, the painter and sculptor <a href="/wiki/Elisa_de_Lamartine" title="Elisa de Lamartine">Elisa de Lamartine</a>, were in <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, on 6 December 1832,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.geneanet.org/cartes-postales/view/157543">[1]</a> their only remaining child, Julia, died at ten years of age.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was, however, considered a journey of recovery and immersion in specific Christian icons, symbols, and terrain with his view that the region could bring about the rebirth of a new Christianity and spirituality that could save Europe from destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alphonse_de_Lamartine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Alphonse_de_Lamartine.jpg/220px-Alphonse_de_Lamartine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Alphonse_de_Lamartine.jpg/330px-Alphonse_de_Lamartine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Alphonse_de_Lamartine.jpg/440px-Alphonse_de_Lamartine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Lamartine in 1839</figcaption></figure> <p>During his trip to Lebanon he had met prince <a href="/wiki/Bashir_Shihab_II" title="Bashir Shihab II">Bashir Shihab II</a> and prince Simon Karam, who were enthusiasts of poetry. A valley in Lebanon is still called the Valley of Lamartine as a commemoration of that visit, and the <a href="/wiki/Cedrus_libani" title="Cedrus libani">Lebanon cedar</a> forest still harbors the "Lamartine Cedar", which is said to be the cedar under which Lamartine had sat 200 years ago. Lamartine was so influenced by his trip that he staged his 1838 epic poem <i>La Chute d'un ange</i> (<i>The Fall of an Angel</i>) in Lebanon. </p><p>Raised by his mother to respect animal life, he found the eating of meat repugnant, saying 'One does not have one heart for Man and one for animals. One has a heart or one does not'. His writings in <i>La chute d’un Ange</i> (1838) and <i>Les confidences</i> (1849) would be taken up by supporters of <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarianism</a> in the twentieth century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_belief">Religious belief</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_de_Lamartine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Religious belief"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Over-quotation plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Quotations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">too many or overly lengthy quotations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_de_Lamartine&action=edit">summarize the quotations</a>. Consider transferring direct quotations to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Alphonse de Lamartine">Wikiquote</a> or excerpts to <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Alphonse de Lamartine">Wikisource</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="On_the_spirit_of_the_times">On the spirit of the times</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_de_Lamartine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: On the spirit of the times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me-portrait_of_a_Lady-1849.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me-portrait_of_a_Lady-1849.jpg/200px-Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me-portrait_of_a_Lady-1849.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me-portrait_of_a_Lady-1849.jpg/300px-Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me-portrait_of_a_Lady-1849.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me-portrait_of_a_Lady-1849.jpg/400px-Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me-portrait_of_a_Lady-1849.jpg 2x" data-file-width="865" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of <a href="/wiki/Elisa_de_Lamartine" title="Elisa de Lamartine">Madame de Lamartine</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me" title="Jean-Léon Gérôme">Jean-Léon Gérôme</a> (1849)</figcaption></figure> <blockquote><p>Thanks to the increase of general reason, to the light of philosophy, to the inspiration of Christianity, to the progress of the idea of justice, of charity, and of fraternity, in laws, manners, and religion, society in America, in Europe, and in France, especially since the Revolution, has broken down all these barriers, all these denominations of caste, all these injurious distinctions among men. Society is composed only of various conditions, professions, functions, and ways of life, among those who form what we call a Nation; of proprietors of the soil, and proprietors of houses; of investments, of handicrafts, of merchants, of manufacturers, of formers; of day-laborers becoming farmers, manufacturers, merchants, or possessors of houses or capital, in their turn; of the rich, of those in easy circumstances, of the poor, of workmen with their hands, workmen with their minds; of day-laborers, of those in need, of a small number of men enjoying considerable acquired or inherited wealth, of others of a smaller fortune painfully increased and improved, of others with property only sufficient for their needs; there are some, finally, without any personal possession but their hands, and gleaning for themselves and for their families, in the workshop, or the field, and at the threshold of the homes of others on the earth, the asylum, the wages, the bread, the instruction, the tools, the daily pay, all those means of existence which they have neither inherited, saved, nor acquired. These last are what have been improperly called <i>the People</i>. </p><dl><dd>— <i>Atheism Among the People</i>, by Alphonse de Lamartine (1850), pp. 19–20<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="On_Catholic_priests">On Catholic priests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_de_Lamartine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: On Catholic priests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alphonse de Lamartine as quoted in "A Priest" by Robert Nash (1943) on Catholic priests: </p> <blockquote><p>"There is a man in every parish, having no family, but belonging to a family is worldwide; who is called in as a witness and adviser in all the important affairs of human life. No one comes into the world or goes out of it without his ministrations. He takes the child from its mother’s arms, and parts with him only at the grave. He blesses and consecrates the cradle, the bridal chamber, the bed of death, and the bier. He is one whom innocent children instinctively venerate and reverence, and to whom men of venerable age come to seek for wisdom, and call him father; at whose feet men fall down and lay bare the innermost thoughts of their souls, and weep their most sacred tears. He is one whose mission is to console the afflicted, and soften the pains of body and soul; to whose door come alike the rich and the poor. He belongs to no social class, because he belongs equally to all. He is one, in fine, who knows all, has a right to speak unreservedly, and whose speech, inspired from on high, falls on the minds and hearts of all with the authority of one who is divinely sent, and with the constraining power of one who has an unclouded faith."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_de_Lamartine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><i>Saül</i> (1818)</li> <li><i>Méditations poétiques</i> (1820)</li> <li><i>Nouvelles Méditations</i> (1823)</li> <li><i>Harmonies poétiques et religieuses</i> (1830)</li> <li><i>Sur la politique rationnelle</i> (1831)</li> <li><i>Voyage en Orient</i> (1835)</li> <li><i>Jocelyn</i> (1836)</li> <li><i>La chute d'un ange</i> (1838)</li> <li><i>Recueillements poétiques</i> (1839)</li> <li><i>Histoire des Girondins</i> (1847)</li> <li><i>Histoire de la Révolution</i> (1849)</li> <li><i>Histoire de la Russie</i> (1849)</li> <li><i>Raphaël</i> (1849)</li> <li><i>Confidences</i> (1849)</li> <li><i>Toussaint Louverture</i> (1850)</li> <li><i>Geneviève, histoire d'une servante</i> (1851)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Graziella" title="Graziella">Graziella</a></i> (1852)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heloseetablard00lamagoog"><i>Héloïse et Abélard</i></a> (1853)</li> <li><i>Les visions</i> (1853)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006088866"><i>Histoire de la Turquie</i></a> (1854)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011441950"><i>Cours familier de littérature</i></a> (1856)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_de_Lamartine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quill_and_ink.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/28px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/42px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/56px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="152" data-file-height="152" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Poetry" title="Portal:Poetry">Poetry portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_demonstration_of_15_May_1848" title="French demonstration of 15 May 1848">French demonstration of 15 May 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamartine_Place_Historic_District" title="Lamartine Place Historic District">Lamartine Place Historic District</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, New York City</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamartine,_Wisconsin" title="Lamartine, Wisconsin">Lamartine, Wisconsin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_de_Lamartine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Jenson-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jenson_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jenson_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jenson_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJenson2001" class="citation book cs1">Jenson, Deborah (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/traumaitsreprese0000jens"><i>Trauma and Its Representations: The Social Life of Mimesis in Post-Revolutionary France</i></a></span>. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/traumaitsreprese0000jens/page/152">152–154</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801867231" title="Special:BookSources/9780801867231"><bdi>9780801867231</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trauma+and+Its+Representations%3A+The+Social+Life+of+Mimesis+in+Post-Revolutionary+France&rft.pages=152-154&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780801867231&rft.aulast=Jenson&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftraumaitsreprese0000jens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlphonse+de+Lamartine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarruth1993" class="citation book cs1">Carruth, Gorton (1993). <i>The Encyclopedia of World Facts and Dates</i>. New York: HarperCollins. p. 492. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780062700124" title="Special:BookSources/9780062700124"><bdi>9780062700124</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+World+Facts+and+Dates&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=492&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780062700124&rft.aulast=Carruth&rft.aufirst=Gorton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlphonse+de+Lamartine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitehouse1918" class="citation book cs1">Whitehouse, Henry Remsen (1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vHAGAQAAIAAJ&q=life%20of%20lamartine&pg=PP9"><i>The Life of Lamartine, Volume 1</i></a>. BiblioBazaar (2009). p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-115-29659-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-115-29659-5"><bdi>978-1-115-29659-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Lamartine%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=BiblioBazaar+%282009%29&rft.date=1918&rft.isbn=978-1-115-29659-5&rft.aulast=Whitehouse&rft.aufirst=Henry+Remsen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvHAGAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dlife%2520of%2520lamartine%26pg%3DPP9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlphonse+de+Lamartine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=6795">"Alphonse de Lamartine"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i> – via Catholic.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Alphonse+de+Lamartine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Fview.php%3Fid%3D6795&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlphonse+de+Lamartine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=6795">"Alphonse de Lamartine"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Salwayn (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2142031.">"Lamartine"</a>. <i>Political Science Quarterly</i>. <b>34</b> (4): 633.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Science+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Lamartine&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=633&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Schapiro&rft.aufirst=J.+Salwayn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%2F2142031.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlphonse+de+Lamartine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalsted1969" class="citation book cs1">Halsted, J.B. (1969). <i>Alphonse de Lamartine: History of the Revolution of 1848</i>. 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Salwayn (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2142031.">"Lamartine"</a>. <i>Political Science Quarterly</i>. <b>34</b> (4): 636-637.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Science+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Lamartine&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=636-637&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Schapiro&rft.aufirst=J.+Salwayn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%2F2142031.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlphonse+de+Lamartine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMansel2010" class="citation book cs1">Mansel, Philip (2010). <i>Levant: Splendour and Catastrophe on the Mediterranean</i>. 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Salwayn (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2142031.">"Lamartine"</a>. <i>Political Science Quarterly</i>. <b>34</b> (4): 637-638.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Science+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Lamartine&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=637-638&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Schapiro&rft.aufirst=J.+Salwayn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%2F2142031.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlphonse+de+Lamartine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Lamartine1848" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">de Lamartine, A. (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EZ2KuOc63LUC"><i>Trois mois au pouvoir</i></a> (in French). Michel Levy. p. 66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trois+mois+au+pouvoir&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Michel+Levy&rft.date=1848&rft.aulast=de+Lamartine&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEZ2KuOc63LUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlphonse+de+Lamartine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank2010" class="citation book cs1">Frank, Joseph (2010). <i>Between Religion and Rationality: Essays in Russian Literature and Culture</i>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-3653-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-3653-6"><bdi>978-1-4008-3653-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+Religion+and+Rationality%3A+Essays+in+Russian+Literature+and+Culture&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-3653-6&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlphonse+de+Lamartine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeleg2018" class="citation book cs1">Peleg, Yaron (2018). <i>Orientalism and the Hebrew Imagination</i>. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-2935-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-2935-5"><bdi>978-1-5017-2935-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orientalism+and+the+Hebrew+Imagination&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+NY&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-5017-2935-5&rft.aulast=Peleg&rft.aufirst=Yaron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlphonse+de+Lamartine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInman2007" class="citation book cs1">Inman, Nick (2007). <i>DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Jerusalem & the Holy Lands</i>. London: Penguin. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-5053-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-5053-7"><bdi>978-0-7566-5053-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DK+Eyewitness+Travel+Guide%3A+Jerusalem+%26+the+Holy+Lands&rft.place=London&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7566-5053-7&rft.aulast=Inman&rft.aufirst=Nick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlphonse+de+Lamartine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlower2013" class="citation book cs1">Flower, John (2013). <i>Historical Dictionary of French Literature</i>. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. p. 288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7945-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7945-4"><bdi>978-0-8108-7945-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+French+Literature&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pages=288&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7945-4&rft.aulast=Flower&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlphonse+de+Lamartine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMakdisi2000" class="citation book cs1">Makdisi, Ussama (2000). <i>The Culture of Sectarianism: Community, History, and Violence in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Lebanon</i>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-92279-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-92279-2"><bdi>978-0-520-92279-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Culture+of+Sectarianism%3A+Community%2C+History%2C+and+Violence+in+Nineteenth-Century+Ottoman+Lebanon&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-520-92279-2&rft.aulast=Makdisi&rft.aufirst=Ussama&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlphonse+de+Lamartine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamartine,_Alphonse_de,_1790–1869" class="citation book cs1">Lamartine, Alphonse de, 1790–1869. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atheismamongpeop00lama"><i>Atheism among the people</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2016</span> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atheism+among+the+people&rft.au=Lamartine%2C+Alphonse+de%2C+1790%E2%80%931869&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fatheismamongpeop00lama&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlphonse+de+Lamartine" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRev._Robert_Nash" class="citation web cs1">Rev. Robert Nash. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160427145600/http://catholicpamphlets.net/pamphlets/A%20PRIEST.pdf">"A Priest"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Catholicpamplets.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catholicpamphlets.net/pamphlets/A%20PRIEST.pdf#">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Priest&rft.pub=Catholicpamplets.net&rft.au=Rev.+Robert+Nash&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatholicpamphlets.net%2Fpamphlets%2FA%2520PRIEST.pdf%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlphonse+de+Lamartine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_de_Lamartine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jennings, Lawrence C. “Lamartine’s Italian Policy in 1848: A Reexamination.” The Journal of Modern History 42, no. 3 (1970): 331–41. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1905868">[2]</a>.</li> <li>Kelly, George Armstrong. “Alphonse De Lamartine: The Poet in Politics.” Daedalus 116, no. 2 (1987): 157–80. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/20025101">online</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacKay2006" class="citation book cs1">MacKay, John (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EjzFKy1ZSP4C"><i>Inscription and Modernity: From Wordsworth to Mandelstam</i></a>. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-34749-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-34749-1"><bdi>0-253-34749-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inscription+and+Modernity%3A+From+Wordsworth+to+Mandelstam&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-253-34749-1&rft.aulast=MacKay&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEjzFKy1ZSP4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlphonse+de+Lamartine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Schapiro, J. Salwayn. “Lamartine.” Political Science Quarterly 34, no. 4 (1919): 632–43. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2142031">online</a>.</li> <li>Tilley, A. “Lamartine’s ‘Méditations Poétiques.’” The Modern Language Review 26, no. 3 (1931): 288–314. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3715856">online</a>.</li> <li>Whitehouse, H. Remsen. <i>The Life of Lamartine</i> Volume 1, 1918. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeoflamartine01whituoft">[3]</a></li> <li>Whitehouse, H. Remsen. <i>The Life of Lamartine</i> Volume 2, 1918. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/lamartine02whitiala">[4]</a></li> <li>Wright, Gordon. "A Poet in Politics: Lamartine and the Revolution of 1848" <i>History Today</i> (Sep 1958) 8#9 pp 616-627</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Online">Online</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_de_Lamartine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Online"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alphonse-de-Lamartine">Alphonse de Lamartine: French poet, historian, and statesman</a>, in <i>Britannica.com Online</i>, by Henri Guillemin, The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, Gloria Lotha and J.E. Luebering</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaintsbury1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Saintsbury" title="George Saintsbury">Saintsbury, George</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lamartine, Alphonse Marie Louis de Prat de"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Lamartine,_Alphonse_Marie_Louis_de_Prat_de">"Lamartine, Alphonse Marie Louis de Prat de" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). pp. 102–104.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lamartine%2C+Alphonse+Marie+Louis+de+Prat+de&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=102-104&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Saintsbury&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlphonse+de+Lamartine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_de_Lamartine&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Alphonse de Lamartine">Alphonse de Lamartine</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" class="extiw" title="commons:Alphonse de Lamartine"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Alphonse de Lamartine</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Lamartine,_Alphonse_Marie_Louis_de_Prat_de" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lamartine, Alphonse Marie Louis de Prat de">Lamartine, Alphonse Marie Louis de Prat de</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/4781">Works by Alphonse de Lamartine</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Lamartine%2C%20Alphonse%20de%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Lamartine%2C%20Alphonse%20d%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Lamartine%2C%20A%2E%20d%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Alphonse%20de%20Lamartine%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Alphonse%20d%2E%20Lamartine%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22A%2E%20d%2E%20Lamartine%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Lamartine%2C%20Alphonse%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Alphonse%20Lamartine%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Alphonse%20de%20Lamartine%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Alphonse%20d%2E%20Lamartine%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22A%2E%20d%2E%20Lamartine%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22A%2E%20de%20Lamartine%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lamartine%2C%20Alphonse%20de%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lamartine%2C%20Alphonse%20d%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lamartine%2C%20A%2E%20d%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lamartine%2C%20A%2E%20de%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Alphonse%20Lamartine%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Lamartine%2C%20Alphonse%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Alphonse%20de%20Lamartine%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Alphonse%20d%2E%20Lamartine%22%20OR%20title%3A%22A%2E%20d%2E%20Lamartine%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Alphonse%20Lamartine%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Alphonse%20de%20Lamartine%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Alphonse%20d%2E%20Lamartine%22%20OR%20description%3A%22A%2E%20d%2E%20Lamartine%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Lamartine%2C%20Alphonse%20de%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Lamartine%2C%20Alphonse%20d%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Alphonse%20Lamartine%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Lamartine%2C%20Alphonse%22%29%20OR%20%28%221790-1869%22%20AND%20Lamartine%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Alphonse de Lamartine</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/989">Works by Alphonse de Lamartine</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://poemsintranslation.blogspot.com/2010/04/lamartine-lake-from-french.html">Le Lac in English</a> at <i>Poems Found in Translation</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consolatio.com/2007/12/lamartine-man-h.html">Le lac</a> Another English translation of <i>Le Lac</i>. More English translations at www.brindin.com.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ivu.org/history/renaissance/lamartine.html">History of Vegetarianism: Alphonse de Lamartine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08754a.htm">Article on Lamartine</a> from Bertrin, G. (1910) in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Catholic_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Catholic Encyclopedia">The Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp62299">Portraits of Alphonse de Lamartine</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Charles_Dupont_de_l%27Eure" title="Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure">Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure</a><b><br />Chairman of the Provisional Government of the French Republic</b></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/French_Head_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="French Head of State">Head of State of France</a> </b><br />6 May – 28 June 1848<br />Member of the <a href="/wiki/French_Executive_Commission_(1848)" class="mw-redirect" title="French Executive Commission (1848)">Executive Commission</a> along with:<br /><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago" title="François Arago">François Arago</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Louis-Antoine_Garnier-Pag%C3%A8s" title="Louis-Antoine Garnier-Pagès">Louis-Antoine Garnier-Pagès</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ledru-Rollin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Ledru-Rollin">Alexandre Ledru-Rollin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Marie_(de_Saint-Georges)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Marie (de Saint-Georges)">Pierre Marie (de Saint-Georges)</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Louis-Eug%C3%A8ne_Cavaignac" title="Louis-Eugène Cavaignac">Louis-Eugène Cavaignac</a><b><br />President of the Council of Ministers</b></div> </td></tr> 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Charles_Dupont_de_l%27Eure" title="Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure">Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Seal_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_Seal_of_France.svg/100px-Great_Seal_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_Seal_of_France.svg/150px-Great_Seal_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_Seal_of_France.svg/200px-Great_Seal_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="650" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques-Charles_Dupont_de_L%27Eure.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Jacques-Charles_Dupont_de_L%27Eure.jpg/100px-Jacques-Charles_Dupont_de_L%27Eure.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Jacques-Charles_Dupont_de_L%27Eure.jpg/150px-Jacques-Charles_Dupont_de_L%27Eure.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Jacques-Charles_Dupont_de_L%27Eure.jpg/200px-Jacques-Charles_Dupont_de_L%27Eure.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Charles_Dupont_de_l%27Eure" title="Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure">Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Auguste_Ledru-Rollin" title="Alexandre Auguste Ledru-Rollin">Alexandre Auguste Ledru-Rollin</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alphonse de Lamartine</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Goudchaux" title="Michel Goudchaux">Michel Goudchaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Antoine_Garnier-Pag%C3%A8s" title="Louis-Antoine Garnier-Pagès">Louis-Antoine Garnier-Pagès</a>, Sub-secretary <a href="/wiki/Charles_Duclerc" title="Charles Duclerc">Charles Duclerc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Justice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Cr%C3%A9mieux" title="Adolphe Crémieux">Adolphe Crémieux</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Marie_de_Saint-Georges" title="Pierre Marie de Saint-Georges">Pierre Marie de Saint-Georges</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agriculture and Commerce</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Bethmont" title="Eugène Bethmont">Eugène Bethmont</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education and Religious Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Carnot" title="Hippolyte Carnot">Hippolyte Carnot</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navy and Colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago" title="François Arago">François Arago</a>, Sub-secretary <a href="/wiki/Victor_Sch%C5%93lcher" title="Victor Schœlcher">Victor Schœlcher</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">War</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Gervais,_baron_Subervie" title="Jacques Gervais, baron Subervie">Jacques Gervais, baron Subervie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Eug%C3%A8ne_Cavaignac" title="Louis-Eugène Cavaignac">Louis-Eugène Cavaignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago" title="François Arago">François Arago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Marrast" title="Armand Marrast">Armand Marrast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Blanc" title="Louis Blanc">Louis Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Flocon" title="Ferdinand Flocon">Ferdinand Flocon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Martin" title="Alexandre Martin">Alexandre Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="French_Executive_Commission_of_1848_(9_May_1848_to_24_June_1848)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:French_Executive_Commission_of_1848" title="Template:French Executive Commission of 1848"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:French_Executive_Commission_of_1848" title="Template talk:French Executive Commission of 1848"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_Executive_Commission_of_1848" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French Executive Commission of 1848"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="French_Executive_Commission_of_1848_(9_May_1848_to_24_June_1848)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/French_Executive_Commission_(1848)" class="mw-redirect" title="French Executive Commission (1848)">French Executive Commission of 1848</a> (9 May 1848 to 24 June 1848)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commissioners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago" title="François Arago">François Arago</a> (President of the Council)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alphonse de Lamartine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Antoine_Garnier-Pag%C3%A8s" title="Louis-Antoine Garnier-Pagès">Louis-Antoine Garnier-Pagès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Auguste_Ledru-Rollin" title="Alexandre Auguste Ledru-Rollin">Alexandre Auguste Ledru-Rollin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Marie_de_Saint-Georges" title="Pierre Marie de Saint-Georges">Pierre Marie de Saint-Georges</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Seal_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_Seal_of_France.svg/100px-Great_Seal_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_Seal_of_France.svg/150px-Great_Seal_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_Seal_of_France.svg/200px-Great_Seal_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="650" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago.jpg/100px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago.jpg/150px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago.jpg/200px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago.jpg 2x" data-file-width="536" data-file-height="582" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago" title="François Arago">François Arago</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Recurt" title="Adrien Recurt">Adrien Recurt</a> (sub-secretary of state <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Henri_Carteret" title="Nicolas Henri Carteret">Nicolas Henri Carteret</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Bastide" title="Jules Bastide">Jules Bastide</a> (sub-secretary of state <a href="/wiki/Jules_Favre" title="Jules Favre">Jules Favre</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Duclerc" title="Charles Duclerc">Charles Duclerc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Justice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Cr%C3%A9mieux" title="Adolphe Crémieux">Adolphe Crémieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Bethmont" title="Eugène Bethmont">Eugène Bethmont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulysse_Tr%C3%A9lat_(politician)" title="Ulysse Trélat (politician)">Ulysse Trélat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agriculture and Commerce</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Flocon" title="Ferdinand Flocon">Ferdinand Flocon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Bethmont" title="Eugène Bethmont">Eugène Bethmont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Carnot" title="Hippolyte Carnot">Hippolyte Carnot</a> (sub-secretary of state <a href="/wiki/Jean_Reynaud" title="Jean Reynaud">Jean Reynaud</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">War</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Adolphe_Charras" title="Jean-Baptiste-Adolphe Charras">Jean-Baptiste-Adolphe Charras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Eug%C3%A8ne_Cavaignac" title="Louis-Eugène Cavaignac">Louis-Eugène Cavaignac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navy and Colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gr%C3%A9goire_Casy" title="Joseph Grégoire Casy">Joseph Grégoire Casy</a> (sub-secretary of state <a href="/wiki/Raymond-Jean-Baptiste_de_Verninac_Saint-Maur" title="Raymond-Jean-Baptiste de Verninac Saint-Maur">Raymond de Verninac Saint-Maur</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Foreign_Ministers_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_Ministers_of_France" title="Template:Foreign Ministers of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_Ministers_of_France" title="Template talk:Foreign Ministers of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_Ministers_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign Ministers of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_Ministers_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Ministers_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Ministers of France">Foreign Ministers of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Revol" title="Louis de Revol">Revol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_de_Neufville,_seigneur_de_Villeroy" title="Nicolas de Neufville, seigneur de Villeroy">Villeroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">A. J. Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Br%C3%BBlart,_marquis_de_Sillery" title="Pierre Brûlart, marquis de Sillery">Sillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Ph%C3%A9lypeaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond Phélypeaux">R. Phélypeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Bouthillier" title="Claude Bouthillier">Bouthillier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bouthillier,_comte_de_Chavigny" title="Léon Bouthillier, comte de Chavigny">Chavigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri-Auguste_de_Lom%C3%A9nie,_comte_de_Brienne" title="Henri-Auguste de Loménie, comte de Brienne">Brienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugues_de_Lionne" title="Hugues de Lionne">Lionne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Arnauld,_Marquis_de_Pomponne" title="Simon Arnauld, Marquis de Pomponne">Pomponne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Colbert,_marquis_de_Croissy" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Colbert, marquis de Croissy">Croissy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Colbert,_Marquis_of_Torcy" title="Jean Baptiste Colbert, Marquis of Torcy">Torcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Chalon_du_Bl%C3%A9" title="Nicolas Chalon du Blé">Huxelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Dubois" title="Guillaume Dubois">Dubois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Jean-Baptiste_Fleuriau" title="Charles Jean-Baptiste Fleuriau">Morville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germain_Louis_Chauvelin" title="Germain Louis Chauvelin">Chauvelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Amelot_de_Chaillou" title="Jean-Jacques Amelot de Chaillou">Chaillou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Maurice_de_Noailles,_3rd_Duke_of_Noailles" title="Adrien Maurice de Noailles, 3rd Duke of Noailles">Noailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Louis_de_Voyer_de_Paulmy,_Marquis_of_Argenson" title="René Louis de Voyer de Paulmy, Marquis of Argenson">Argenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philog%C3%A8ne_Br%C3%BBlart,_vicomte_de_Puisieulx" title="Louis Philogène Brûlart, vicomte de Puisieulx">Puisieulx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Dominique_de_Barberie_de_Saint-Contest" title="François Dominique de Barberie de Saint-Contest">Saint-Contest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Louis_Rouill%C3%A9" title="Antoine Louis Rouillé">Rouillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Joachim_de_Pierre_de_Bernis" title="François-Joachim de Pierre de Bernis">Bernis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Choiseul,_Duke_of_Choiseul" title="Étienne François de Choiseul, Duke of Choiseul">É. Choiseul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Gabriel_de_Choiseul" class="mw-redirect" title="César Gabriel de Choiseul">C. Choiseul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Choiseul,_Duke_of_Choiseul" title="Étienne François de Choiseul, Duke of Choiseul">É. Choiseul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Ph%C3%A9lypeaux,_comte_de_Saint-Florentin" title="Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Saint-Florentin">L. Phélypeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Armand_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis,_Duke_of_Aiguillon" title="Emmanuel Armand de Vignerot du Plessis, Duke of Aiguillon">Aiguillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Bertin" title="Henri Bertin">Bertin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gravier,_comte_de_Vergennes" title="Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes">Vergennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Marc,_comte_de_Montmorin" title="Armand Marc, comte de Montmorin">Montmorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Qu%C3%A9len_de_Stuer_de_Caussade,_2nd_Duke_of_La_Vauguyon" title="Paul François de Quélen de Stuer de Caussade, 2nd Duke of La Vauguyon">Vauguyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Marc,_comte_de_Montmorin" title="Armand Marc, comte de Montmorin">Montmorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Antoine_de_Valdec_de_Lessart" title="Claude Antoine de Valdec de Lessart">Lessart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_Dumouriez" title="Charles François Dumouriez">Dumouriez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Paul_de_M%C3%A9redieu,_baron_de_Naillac" title="Pierre Paul de Méredieu, baron de Naillac">Naillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Scipion_Charles_Auguste_de_La_Garde_de_Chambonas" title="Victor Scipion Charles Auguste de La Garde de Chambonas">Chambonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_de_Gratet,_vicomte_Dubouchage" title="François Joseph de Gratet, vicomte Dubouchage">Dubouchage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Bigot_de_Sainte-Croix" title="Claude Bigot de Sainte-Croix">Sainte-Croix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">First Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Henri_H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Marie_Lebrun-Tondu" title="Pierre Henri Hélène Marie Lebrun-Tondu">Lebrun-Tondu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Louis_Michel_Chemin_Deforgues" title="François Louis Michel Chemin Deforgues">Deforgues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Claude_Alexandre_Goujon" title="Jean-Marie Claude Alexandre Goujon">Goujon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_Herman" title="Martial Herman">Herman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois_Delacroix" title="Charles-François Delacroix">Delacroix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Reinhard" title="Charles-Frédéric Reinhard">Reinhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Nomp%C3%A8re_de_Champagny" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Baptiste de Nompère de Champagny">Champagny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugues-Bernard_Maret,_duc_de_Bassano" title="Hugues-Bernard Maret, duc de Bassano">Bassano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand-Augustin-Louis_de_Caulaincourt" title="Armand-Augustin-Louis de Caulaincourt">Caulaincourt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">First Restoration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Lafor%C3%AAt" title="Antoine de Laforêt">Laforest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">Hundred Days</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armand-Augustin-Louis_de_Caulaincourt" title="Armand-Augustin-Louis de Caulaincourt">Caulaincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Pierre_%C3%89douard,_Baron_Bignon" title="Louis Pierre Édouard, Baron Bignon">Bignon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Second Restoration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand-Emmanuel_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis,_Duc_de_Richelieu" class="mw-redirect" title="Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu">A. E. Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Joseph,_Marquis_Dessolles" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Joseph, Marquis Dessolles">Dessolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne-Denis_Pasquier" title="Étienne-Denis Pasquier">Pasquier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathieu_de_Montmorency" title="Mathieu de Montmorency">M. Montmorency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ange_Hyacinthe_Maxence,_baron_de_Damas" title="Ange Hyacinthe Maxence, baron de Damas">Damas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste,_comte_de_La_Ferronays" title="Auguste, comte de La Ferronays">La Ferronays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-Adrien-Pierre_de_Montmorency-Laval" title="Anne-Adrien-Pierre de Montmorency-Laval">Montmorency-Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Marie,_comte_Portalis" title="Joseph-Marie, comte Portalis">Portalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_de_Polignac" title="Jules de Polignac">Polignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casimir_de_Rochechouart,_11th_Duke_of_Mortemart" title="Casimir de Rochechouart, 11th Duke of Mortemart">Mortemart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Pierre_%C3%89douard,_Baron_Bignon" title="Louis Pierre Édouard, Baron Bignon">Bignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Jourdan" title="Jean-Baptiste Jourdan">Jourdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Mathieu_Mol%C3%A9" title="Louis-Mathieu Molé">Molé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Joseph_Maison" title="Nicolas Joseph Maison">Maison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Fran%C3%A7ois_Bastien_S%C3%A9bastiani_de_La_Porta" title="Horace François Bastien Sébastiani de La Porta">Sébastiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_de_Broglie_(1785%E2%80%931870)" title="Victor de Broglie (1785–1870)">V. Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Rigny" title="Henri de Rigny">Rigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Joseph,_comte_Bresson" title="Charles Joseph, comte Bresson">Bresson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Rigny" title="Henri de Rigny">Rigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_de_Broglie_(1785%E2%80%931870)" title="Victor de Broglie (1785–1870)">V. Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers" title="Adolphe Thiers">Thiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Mathieu_Mol%C3%A9" title="Louis-Mathieu Molé">Molé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Napol%C3%A9on_Lannes" title="Louis Napoléon Lannes">Montebello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Soult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers" title="Adolphe Thiers">Thiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Guizot" title="François Guizot">Guizot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">Second Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lamartine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Bastide" title="Jules Bastide">Bastide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Alphonse_Bedeau" title="Marie Alphonse Bedeau">Bedeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Bastide" title="Jules Bastide">Bastide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drouyn_de_Lhuys" title="Édouard Drouyn de Lhuys">Drouyn de Lhuys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Rayneval" title="Alphonse de Rayneval">Rayneval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Ernest_Ducos_de_La_Hitte" title="Jean-Ernest Ducos de La Hitte">La Hitte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drouyn_de_Lhuys" title="Édouard Drouyn de Lhuys">Drouyn de Lhuys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatole,_baron_Br%C3%A9nier_de_Renaudi%C3%A8re" title="Anatole, baron Brénier de Renaudière">Brénier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Baroche" title="Jules Baroche">Baroche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_F%C3%A9lix_%C3%89tienne,_marquis_de_Turgot" title="Louis Félix Étienne, marquis de Turgot">Turgot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drouyn_de_Lhuys" title="Édouard Drouyn de Lhuys">Drouyn de Lhuys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drouyn_de_Lhuys" title="Édouard Drouyn de Lhuys">Drouyn de Lhuys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Colonna-Walewski" title="Alexandre Colonna-Walewski">Walewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Baroche" title="Jules Baroche">Baroche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Thouvenel" class="mw-redirect" title="Édouard Thouvenel">Thouvenel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drouyn_de_Lhuys" title="Édouard Drouyn de Lhuys">Drouyn de Lhuys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_marquis_de_La_Valette" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles, marquis de La Valette">La Valette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_de_Moustier" title="Lionel de Moustier">Moustier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_marquis_de_La_Valette" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles, marquis de La Valette">La Valette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_prince_de_La_Tour_d%27Auvergne" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri, prince de La Tour d'Auvergne">La Tour Auvergne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on,_comte_Daru" title="Napoléon, comte Daru">Daru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Ollivier" title="Émile Ollivier">Ollivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agenor,_duc_de_Gramont" class="mw-redirect" title="Agenor, duc de Gramont">Gramont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_prince_de_La_Tour_d%27Auvergne" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri, prince de La Tour d'Auvergne">La Tour d'Auvergne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Favre" title="Jules Favre">Favre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_R%C3%A9musat" title="Charles de Rémusat">Rémusat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert,_4th_duc_de_Broglie" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, 4th duc de Broglie">A. Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_duc_Decazes" title="Louis, duc Decazes">Decazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston-Robert,_Marquis_de_Banneville" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaston-Robert, Marquis de Banneville">Banneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Waddington" title="William Waddington">Waddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Freycinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire" title="Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire">Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Gambetta" title="Léon Gambetta">Gambetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Freycinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Duclerc" title="Charles Duclerc">Duclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Falli%C3%A8res" title="Armand Fallières">Fallières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul-Armand_Challemel-Lacour" title="Paul-Armand Challemel-Lacour">Challemel-Lacour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Ferry" title="Jules Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Freycinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Flourens" title="Émile Flourens">Flourens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Goblet" title="René Goblet">Goblet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Spuller" title="Eugène Spuller">Spuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Develle" title="Jules Develle">Develle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Casimir-Perier" title="Jean Casimir-Perier">Casimir-Perier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Hanotaux" title="Gabriel Hanotaux">Hanotaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcellin_Berthelot" title="Marcellin Berthelot">Berthelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Hanotaux" title="Gabriel Hanotaux">Hanotaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Delcass%C3%A9" title="Théophile Delcassé">Delcassé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Rouvier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pichon" title="Stephen Pichon">Pichon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cruppi" title="Jean Cruppi">Cruppi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_de_Selves" title="Justin de Selves">Selves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Jonnart" title="Charles Jonnart">Jonnart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pichon" title="Stephen Pichon">Pichon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Doumergue" title="Gaston Doumergue">Doumergue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Viviani" title="René Viviani">Viviani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Doumergue" title="Gaston Doumergue">Doumergue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Delcass%C3%A9" title="Théophile Delcassé">Delcassé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Viviani" title="René Viviani">Viviani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Barthou" title="Louis Barthou">Barthou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pichon" title="Stephen Pichon">Pichon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Millerand" title="Alexandre Millerand">Millerand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Leygues" title="Georges Leygues">Leygues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Lefebvre_du_Prey" title="Edmond Lefebvre du Prey">Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Herriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Herriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tardieu" title="André Tardieu">Tardieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Herriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paul-Boncour" title="Joseph Paul-Boncour">Paul-Boncour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Daladier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Barthou" title="Louis Barthou">Barthou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin">Flandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvon_Delbos" title="Yvon Delbos">Delbos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paul-Boncour" title="Joseph Paul-Boncour">Paul-Boncour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bonnet" title="Georges Bonnet">Bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Daladier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Reynaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Daladier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Reynaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Baudouin" title="Paul Baudouin">Baudouin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Baudouin" title="Paul Baudouin">Baudouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin">Flandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan" title="François Darlan">Darlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional<br />Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault">Bidault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault">Bidault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault">Bidault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mend%C3%A8s_France" title="Pierre Mendès France">Mendès France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Pinay" title="Antoine Pinay">Pinay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Pineau" title="Christian Pineau">Pineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">Pleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Couve_de_Murville" title="Maurice Couve de Murville">Couve de Murville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Couve_de_Murville" title="Maurice Couve de Murville">Couve de Murville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Debr%C3%A9" title="Michel Debré">Debré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Schumann" title="Maurice Schumann">Schumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bettencourt" title="André Bettencourt">Bettencourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Jobert" title="Michel Jobert">Jobert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sauvagnargues" title="Jean Sauvagnargues">Sauvagnargues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Guiringaud" title="Louis de Guiringaud">Guiringaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois-Poncet" title="Jean François-Poncet">François-Poncet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Cheysson" title="Claude Cheysson">Cheysson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Dumas" title="Roland Dumas">Dumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Bernard_Raimond" title="Jean-Bernard Raimond">Raimond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Dumas" title="Roland Dumas">Dumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Juppé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_de_Charette" title="Hervé de Charette">Charette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_V%C3%A9drine" title="Hubert Védrine">Védrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin" title="Dominique de Villepin">Villepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Barnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Douste-Blazy" title="Philippe Douste-Blazy">Douste-Blazy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Kouchner" title="Bernard Kouchner">Kouchner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Alliot-Marie" title="Michèle Alliot-Marie">Alliot-Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Juppé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Fabius" title="Laurent Fabius">Fabius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Ayrault" title="Jean-Marc Ayrault">Ayrault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Le_Drian" title="Jean-Yves Le Drian">Le Drian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Colonna" title="Catherine Colonna">Colonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_S%C3%A9journ%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Séjourné">Séjourné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-No%C3%ABl_Barrot" title="Jean-Noël Barrot">Barrot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Académie_française_seat_7" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise_Seat_7" title="Template:Académie française Seat 7"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise_Seat_7" title="Template talk:Académie française Seat 7"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise_Seat_7" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Académie française Seat 7"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Académie_française_seat_7" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie française">Académie française</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="List of members of the Académie française">seat 7</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chapelain" title="Jean Chapelain">Jean Chapelain</a> (1634)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_de_Benserade" title="Isaac de Benserade">Isaac de Benserade</a> (1674)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Pavillon" title="Étienne Pavillon">Étienne Pavillon</a> (1691)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fabio_Brulart_de_Sillery" title="Fabio Brulart de Sillery">Fabio Brulart de Sillery</a> (1705)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri-Jacques_Nompar_de_Caumont,_duc_de_La_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri-Jacques Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force">Henri-Jacques Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force</a> (1715)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Mirabaud" title="Jean-Baptiste de Mirabaud">Jean-Baptiste de Mirabaud</a> (1726)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude-Henri_Watelet" title="Claude-Henri Watelet">Claude-Henri Watelet</a> (1760)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel-Jean_Sedaine" title="Michel-Jean Sedaine">Michel-Jean Sedaine</a> (1786)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Collin_d%27Harleville" title="Collin d'Harleville">Collin d'Harleville</a> (1803)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre,_comte_Daru" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre, comte Daru">Pierre, comte Daru</a> (1806)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alphonse de Lamartine</a> (1829)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Ollivier" title="Émile Ollivier">Émile Ollivier</a> (1870)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergson</a> (1914)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Le_Roy" title="Édouard Le Roy">Édouard Le Roy</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daniel-Rops" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel-Rops">Henri Petiot (Daniel-Rops)</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Henri_Simon" title="Pierre-Henri Simon">Pierre-Henri Simon</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Roussin" title="André Roussin">André Roussin</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_de_Romilly" title="Jacqueline de Romilly">Jacqueline de Romilly</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Jules A. Hoffmann">Jules A. Hoffmann</a> (2012)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Romanticism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Romanticism" title="Template:Romanticism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Romanticism" title="Template talk:Romanticism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Romanticism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Romanticism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Romanticism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Golden_Age" title="Danish Golden Age">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_literature_in_English" title="Romantic literature in English">England (literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_France" title="Romanticism in France">France</a> <a href="/wiki/19th-century_French_literature#Romanticism" title="19th-century French literature">(literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_Roman" title="Taishō Roman">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_romantic_nationalism" title="Norwegian romantic nationalism">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Poland" title="Romanticism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Russian_Poetry" title="Golden Age of Russian Poetry">Russia (literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Scotland" title="Romanticism in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Spanish_literature" title="Romanticism in Spanish literature">Spain (literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Romantic_literature" title="Swedish Romantic literature">Sweden (literature)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancients_(art_group)" title="Ancients (art group)">Ancients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">Bohemianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coppet_group" title="Coppet group">Coppet group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Enlightenment" title="Counter-Enlightenment">Counter-Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Romanticism" title="Dark Romanticism">Dark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_School_of_painting" title="Düsseldorf School of painting">Düsseldorf School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_historical_school" title="German historical school">German historical school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_School" title="Hudson River School">Hudson River School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianism_(arts)" title="Indianism (arts)">Indianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jena_Romanticism" title="Jena Romanticism">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Poets" title="Lake Poets">Lake Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazarene_movement" title="Nazarene movement">Nazarene movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preromanticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Preromanticism">Pre</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sturm_und_Drang" title="Sturm und Drang">Sturm und Drang</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-romanticism" title="Post-romanticism">Post</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purismo" title="Purismo">Purismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">Transcendentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_school" title="Ukrainian school">Ukrainian school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-Romanticism" title="Ultra-Romanticism">Ultra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Wallenrod" title="Konrad Wallenrod">Wallenrodism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_flower" title="Blue flower">Blue flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Marine_Art_(Romantic_Era)" title="British Marine Art (Romantic Era)">British Marine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gesamtkunstwerk" title="Gesamtkunstwerk">Gesamtkunstwerk</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">Gothic fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">Hero</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byronic_hero" title="Byronic hero">Byronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_hero" title="Romantic hero">Romantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">Historical fiction</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mal_du_si%C3%A8cle" title="Mal du siècle">Mal du siècle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medievalism" title="Medievalism">Medievalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_savage" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble savage">Noble savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostalgia#Romanticism" title="Nostalgia">Nostalgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossian" title="Ossian">Ossian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine_romanticism" title="Rhine romanticism">Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genius_(literature)#Romanticism_and_genius" title="Genius (literature)">Romantic genius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanderlust" title="Wanderlust">Wanderlust</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weltschmerz" title="Weltschmerz">Weltschmerz</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Mountain_art" title="White Mountain art">White Mountain art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism#Literature" title="Romanticism">Writers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brazil</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casimiro_de_Abreu" title="Casimiro de Abreu">Abreu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Alencar" title="José de Alencar">Alencar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ant%C3%B4nio_de_Almeida" title="Manuel Antônio de Almeida">Manuel Antônio de Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castro_Alves" title="Castro Alves">Alves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machado_de_Assis" title="Machado de Assis">Assis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvares_de_Azevedo" title="Álvares de Azevedo">Azevedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Barreto" title="Tobias Barreto">Barreto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alves_Dias" title="Gonçalves Dias">Dias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Bernardo Guimarães">Guimarães</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Manuel_de_Macedo" title="Joaquim Manuel de Macedo">Macedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alves_de_Magalh%C3%A3es,_Viscount_of_Araguaia" title="Gonçalves de Magalhães, Viscount of Araguaia">Magalhães</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Firmina_dos_Reis" title="Maria Firmina dos Reis">Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_d%27Escragnolle_Taunay,_Viscount_of_Taunay" title="Alfredo d'Escragnolle Taunay, Viscount of Taunay">Taunay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagundes_Varela" title="Fagundes Varela">Varela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_France#Literature" title="Romanticism in France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Baudelaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Bertrand" title="Aloysius Bertrand">Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" title="Alexandre Dumas">Dumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Gautier" title="Théophile Gautier">Gautier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Hugo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lamartine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosper_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Prosper Mérimée">Mérimée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Musset" title="Alfred de Musset">Musset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_de_Nerval" title="Gérard de Nerval">Nerval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Nodier" title="Charles Nodier">Nodier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Vigny" title="Alfred de Vigny">Vigny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achim_von_Arnim" title="Achim von Arnim">A. v. Arnim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettina_von_Arnim" title="Bettina von Arnim">B. v. Arnim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Beer_(poet)" title="Michael Beer (poet)">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_Brentano" title="Clemens Brentano">Brentano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Freiherr_von_Eichendorff" title="Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff">Eichendorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_de_la_Motte_Fouqu%C3%A9" title="Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué">Fouqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_Grimm" title="Brothers Grimm">Brothers Grimm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoline_von_G%C3%BCnderrode" title="Karoline von Günderrode">Günderrode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Gutzkow" title="Karl Gutzkow">Gutzkow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Hauff" title="Wilhelm Hauff">Hauff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine" title="Heinrich Heine">Heine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._T._A._Hoffmann" title="E. T. A. Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin" title="Friedrich Hölderlin">Hölderlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Paul" title="Jean Paul">Jean Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Kleist" title="Heinrich von Kleist">Kleist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_M%C3%B6rike" title="Eduard Mörike">Mörike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Schwab" title="Gustav Schwab">Schwab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Tieck" title="Ludwig Tieck">Tieck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Uhland" title="Ludwig Uhland">Uhland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romantic_literature_in_English" title="Romantic literature in English">Great<br />Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Laetitia_Barbauld" title="Anna Laetitia Barbauld">Barbauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Bront%C3%AB" title="Anne Brontë">Anne Brontë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB" title="Charlotte Brontë">C. Brontë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë">E. Brontë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Byron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Clare" title="John Clare">Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_De_Quincey" title="Thomas De Quincey">de Quincey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Edgeworth" title="Maria Edgeworth">Maria Edgeworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">Keats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maturin" title="Charles Maturin">Maturin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Polidori" title="John William Polidori">Polidori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Radcliffe" title="Ann Radcliffe">Radcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson_(poet)" title="Mary Robinson (poet)">Mary Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Seward" title="Anna Seward">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley" title="Mary Shelley">M. Shelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">P. B. Shelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Southey" title="Robert Southey">Southey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">Wordsworth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Poland#Notable_Polish_Romantic_writers_and_poets" title="Romanticism in Poland">Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Fredro" title="Aleksander Fredro">Fredro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Krasi%C5%84ski" title="Zygmunt Krasiński">Krasiński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Ignacy_Kraszewski" title="Józef Ignacy Kraszewski">Józef Ignacy Kraszewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Malczewski" title="Antoni Malczewski">Malczewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Mickiewicz" title="Adam Mickiewicz">Mickiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian_Norwid" title="Cyprian Norwid">Norwid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Potocki" title="Jan Potocki">Potocki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wincenty_Pol" title="Wincenty Pol">Wincenty Pol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliusz_S%C5%82owacki" title="Juliusz Słowacki">Słowacki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camilo_Castelo_Branco" title="Camilo Castelo Branco">Castelo Branco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Feliciano_de_Castilho" title="António Feliciano de Castilho">Castilho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_de_Deus_de_Nogueira_Ramos" title="João de Deus de Nogueira Ramos">João de Deus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BAlio_Dinis" title="Júlio Dinis">Dinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almeida_Garrett" title="Almeida Garrett">Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Herculano" title="Alexandre Herculano">Herculano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Augusto_Soares_de_Passos" title="António Augusto Soares de Passos">Soares dos Passos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Baratynsky" title="Yevgeny Baratynsky">Baratynsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Batyushkov" title="Konstantin Batyushkov">Batyushkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Gogol" title="Nikolai Gogol">Gogol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Karamzin" title="Nikolay Karamzin">Karamzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_K%C3%BCchelbecker" title="Wilhelm Küchelbecker">Küchelbecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lermontov" title="Mikhail Lermontov">Lermontov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Pushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Tyutchev" title="Fyodor Tyutchev">Tyutchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Vyazemsky" title="Pyotr Vyazemsky">Vyazemsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Zhukovsky" title="Vasily Zhukovsky">Zhukovsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90ura_Jak%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Đura Jakšić">Jakšić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laza_Kosti%C4%87" title="Laza Kostić">Kostić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petar_II_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1" title="Petar II Petrović-Njegoš">Njegoš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branko_Radi%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Branko Radičević">Radičević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milica_Stojadinovi%C4%87-Srpkinja" title="Milica Stojadinović-Srpkinja">Stojadinović-Srpkinja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Jovanovi%C4%87_Zmaj" title="Jovan Jovanović Zmaj">Zmaj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Adolfo_B%C3%A9cquer" title="Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer">Bécquer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosal%C3%ADa_de_Castro" title="Rosalía de Castro">Rosalía de Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Espronceda" title="José de Espronceda">Espronceda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Garc%C3%ADa_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Antonio García Gutiérrez">Gutiérrez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_de_Saavedra,_3rd_Duke_of_Rivas" title="Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas">Saavedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Zorrilla" title="José Zorrilla">Zorrilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Cullen_Bryant" title="William Cullen Bryant">Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Fenimore_Cooper" title="James Fenimore Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Hawthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Gilbert_Holland" title="Josiah Gilbert Holland">Josiah Gilbert Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Longfellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Russell_Lowell" title="James Russell Lowell">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Poe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khachatur_Abovian" title="Khachatur Abovian">Abovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Alfieri" title="Vittorio Alfieri">Alfieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_Andersen" title="Hans Christian Andersen">Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikoloz_Baratashvili" title="Nikoloz Baratashvili">Baratashvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hristo_Botev" title="Hristo Botev">Botev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Chavchavadze" title="Alexander Chavchavadze">Chavchavadze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Eminescu" title="Mihai Eminescu">Eminescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Foscolo" title="Ugo Foscolo">Foscolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naim_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Naim Frashëri">Frashëri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Gustaf_Geijer" title="Erik Gustaf Geijer">Geijer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._F._S._Grundtvig" title="N. F. S. Grundtvig">Grundtvig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Heliade_R%C4%83dulescu" title="Ion Heliade Rădulescu">Heliade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Isaacs" title="Jorge Isaacs">Isaacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Lenau" title="Nikolaus Lenau">Lenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Leopardi" title="Giacomo Leopardi">Leopardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_Hynek_M%C3%A1cha" title="Karel Hynek Mácha">Mácha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Manzoni" title="Alessandro Manzoni">Manzoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maturin" title="Charles Maturin">Maturin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Oehlenschl%C3%A4ger" title="Adam Oehlenschläger">Oehlenschläger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigol_Orbeliani" title="Grigol Orbeliani">Orbeliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_Pre%C5%A1eren" title="France Prešeren">Prešeren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raffi_(novelist)" title="Raffi (novelist)">Raffi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Ludvig_Runeberg" title="Johan Ludvig Runeberg">Runeberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko" title="Taras Shevchenko">Shevchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachris_Topelius" title="Zachris Topelius">Topelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mih%C3%A1ly_V%C3%B6r%C3%B6smarty" title="Mihály Vörösmarty">Vörösmarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Wergeland" title="Henrik Wergeland">Wergeland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Musicians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Bruckner" title="Anton Bruckner">Bruckner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Czerny" title="Carl Czerny">Czerny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Nepomuk_Hummel" title="Johann Nepomuk Hummel">Hummel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Mahler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Schubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismond_Thalberg" title="Sigismond Thalberg">Thalberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Wolf" title="Hugo Wolf">Wolf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Czechia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Antonín Dvořák">Dvořák</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Moscheles" title="Ignaz Moscheles">Moscheles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Reicha" title="Anton Reicha">Reicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana" title="Bedřich Smetana">Smetana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_V%C3%A1clav_Vo%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1ek" title="Jan Václav Voříšek">Voříšek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Adam" title="Adolphe Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Valentin_Alkan" title="Charles-Valentin Alkan">Alkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Auber" title="Daniel Auber">Auber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Berlioz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Faur%C3%A9" title="Gabriel Fauré">Fauré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fromental_Hal%C3%A9vy" title="Fromental Halévy">Halévy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_M%C3%A9hul" title="Étienne Méhul">Méhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Onslow_(composer)" title="George Onslow (composer)">Onslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns" title="Camille Saint-Saëns">Saint-Saëns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Brahms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Bruch" title="Max Bruch">Bruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Kalkbrenner" title="Friedrich Kalkbrenner">Kalkbrenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Loewe" title="Carl Loewe">Loewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Marschner" title="Heinrich Marschner">Marschner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Mendelssohn" title="Fanny Mendelssohn">Fanny Mendelssohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Meyerbeer" title="Giacomo Meyerbeer">Meyerbeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moritz_Moszkowski" title="Moritz Moszkowski">Moszkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Schumann" title="Clara Schumann">C. Schumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">R. Schumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Spohr" title="Louis Spohr">Spohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Weber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hungary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Erkel" title="Ferenc Erkel">Erkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Goldmark" title="Karl Goldmark">Goldmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Heller" title="Stephen Heller">Heller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jen%C5%91_Hubay" title="Jenő Hubay">Hubay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Joachim" title="Joseph Joachim">Joachim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Liszt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Bellini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferruccio_Busoni" title="Ferruccio Busoni">Busoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cherubini" title="Luigi Cherubini">Cherubini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Donizetti" title="Gaetano Donizetti">Donizetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Paganini" title="Niccolò Paganini">Paganini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gioachino_Rossini" title="Gioachino Rossini">Rossini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspare_Spontini" title="Gaspare Spontini">Spontini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Verdi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Bortkiewicz" title="Sergei Bortkiewicz">Bortkiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Chopin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karol_Lipi%C5%84ski" title="Karol Lipiński">Lipiński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko" title="Stanisław Moniuszko">Moniuszko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Jan_Paderewski" title="Ignacy Jan Paderewski">Paderewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Stolpe" title="Antoni Stolpe">Stolpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Tausig" title="Karl Tausig">Tausig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Wieniawski" title="Henryk Wieniawski">Wieniawski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Arensky" title="Anton Arensky">Arensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mily_Balakirev" title="Mily Balakirev">Balakirev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Borodin" title="Alexander Borodin">Borodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cui" title="César Cui">Cui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Glinka" title="Mikhail Glinka">Glinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Lyapunov" title="Sergei Lyapunov">Lyapunov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Medtner" title="Nikolai Medtner">Medtner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modest_Mussorgsky" title="Modest Mussorgsky">Mussorgsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Rachmaninoff" title="Sergei Rachmaninoff">Rachmaninoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakov" title="Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov">Rimsky-Korsakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Rubinstein" title="Anton Rubinstein">Rubinstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scriabin" title="Alexander Scriabin">Scriabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Tchaikovsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stevan_Hristi%C4%87" title="Stevan Hristić">Hristić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petar_Konjovi%C4%87" title="Petar Konjović">Konjović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevan_Mokranjac" title="Stevan Mokranjac">Mokranjac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kornelije_Stankovi%C4%87" title="Kornelije Stanković">Stanković</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Sterndale_Bennett" title="William Sterndale Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Berwald" title="Franz Berwald">Berwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar" title="Edward Elgar">Elgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Field_(composer)" title="John Field (composer)">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Franck" title="César Franck">Franck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Grieg" title="Edvard Grieg">Grieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sibelius" title="Jean Sibelius">Sibelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sor" title="Fernando Sor">Sor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_philosophy" title="Romanticism in philosophy">Philosophers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vissarion_Belinsky" title="Vissarion Belinsky">Belinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Berchet" title="Giovanni Berchet">Berchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Chaadayev" title="Pyotr Chaadayev">Chaadayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Constant" title="Benjamin Constant">Constant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hazlitt" title="William Hazlitt">Hazlitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Khomyakov" title="Aleksey Khomyakov">Khomyakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_de_La_Mennais" title="Félicité de La Mennais">Lamennais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Jos%C3%A9_de_Larra" title="Mariano José de Larra">Larra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Mazzini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Michelet" title="Jules Michelet">Michelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_M%C3%BCller" title="Adam Müller">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Quinet" title="Edgar Quinet">Quinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Joseph_Schelling" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling">Schelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Wilhelm_Schlegel" title="August Wilhelm Schlegel">A. Schlegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schlegel" title="Friedrich Schlegel">F. Schlegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schleiermacher" title="Friedrich Schleiermacher">Schleiermacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Pivert_de_Senancour" title="Étienne Pivert de Senancour">Senancour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Vilhelm_Snellman" title="Johan Vilhelm Snellman">Snellman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Tieck" title="Ludwig Tieck">Tieck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Heinrich_Wackenroder" title="Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder">Wackenroder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Romanticism#Visual_arts" title="Romanticism">Visual artists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Aivazovsky" title="Ivan Aivazovsky">Aivazovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bierstadt" title="Albert Bierstadt">Bierstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Parkes_Bonington" title="Richard Parkes Bonington">Bonington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Bryullov" title="Karl Bryullov">Bryullov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Chass%C3%A9riau" title="Théodore Chassériau">Chassériau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Edwin_Church" title="Frederic Edwin Church">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Constable" title="John Constable">Constable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cole" title="Thomas Cole">Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Camille_Corot" title="Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot">Corot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Christian_Dahl" title="Johan Christian Dahl">Dahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_d%27Angers" title="David d'Angers">David d'Angers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Delacroix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Edelfelt" title="Albert Edelfelt">Edelfelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_David_Friedrich" title="Caspar David Friedrich">Friedrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fuseli" title="Henry Fuseli">Fuseli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akseli_Gallen-Kallela" title="Akseli Gallen-Kallela">Gallen-Kallela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault" title="Théodore Géricault">Géricault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-Louis_Girodet_de_Roussy-Trioson" title="Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson">Girodet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Nepomucen_G%C5%82owacki" title="Jan Nepomucen Głowacki">Głowacki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Goya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Gude" title="Hans Gude">Gude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Hayez" title="Francesco Hayez">Hayez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Janmot" title="Louis Janmot">Janmot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jones_(artist)" title="Thomas Jones (artist)">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orest_Kiprensky" title="Orest Kiprensky">Kiprensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Anton_Koch" title="Joseph Anton Koch">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciszek_Ksawery_Lampi" title="Franciszek Ksawery Lampi">Lampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Leutze" title="Emanuel Leutze">Leutze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Martin_(painter)" title="John Martin (painter)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piotr_Micha%C5%82owski" title="Piotr Michałowski">Michałowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Palmer" title="Samuel Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Ara%C3%BAjo_Porto-Alegre,_Baron_of_Santo_%C3%82ngelo" title="Manuel de Araújo Porto-Alegre, Baron of Santo Ângelo">Porto-Alegre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine-Augustin_Pr%C3%A9ault" title="Antoine-Augustin Préault">Préault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_R%C3%A9voil" title="Pierre Révoil">Révoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleury_Fran%C3%A7ois_Richard" title="Fleury François Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rude" title="François Rude">Rude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Otto_Runge" title="Philipp Otto Runge">Runge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raden_Saleh" title="Raden Saleh">Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ary_Scheffer" title="Ary Scheffer">Scheffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Stattler" title="Wojciech Stattler">Stattler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stroy" title="Michael Stroy">Stroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Tidemand" title="Adolph Tidemand">Tidemand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Tropinin" title="Vasily Tropinin">Tropinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._M._W._Turner" title="J. M. W. Turner">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Veit" title="Philipp Veit">Veit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ward_(English_artist)" title="James Ward (English artist)">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Wiertz" title="Antoine Wiertz">Wiertz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Scholars" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholars">Scholars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Abraham" title="Gerald Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._H._Abrams" title="M. H. Abrams">Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Barzun" title="Jacques Barzun">Barzun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_C._Beiser" title="Frederick C. Beiser">Beiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._C._W._Blanning" title="T. C. W. Blanning">Blanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Blume" title="Friedrich Blume">Blume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Dahlhaus" title="Carl Dahlhaus">Dahlhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ferber" title="Michael Ferber">Ferber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Frye" title="Northrop Frye">Frye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Janion" title="Maria Janion">Janion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Lacoue-Labarthe" title="Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe">Lacoue-Labarthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Oncken_Lovejoy" title="Arthur Oncken Lovejoy">Lovejoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Man" title="Paul de Man">de Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Nancy" title="Jean-Luc Nancy">Nancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Gabriel_Porthan" title="Henrik Gabriel Porthan">Porthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Ricks" title="Christopher Ricks">Ricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Rosen" title="Charles Rosen">Rosen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Wellek" title="René Wellek">Wellek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coleridge%27s_theory_of_life" title="Coleridge's theory of life">Coleridge's theory of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_idealism" title="German idealism">German idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_romantics" title="List of romantics">List of romantics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romantic_poets" title="List of Romantic poets">List of Romantic poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages_in_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Ages in history">Middle Ages in history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opium_and_Romanticism" title="Opium and Romanticism">Opium and Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_ballet" title="Romantic ballet">Romantic ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_epistemology" title="Romantic epistemology">Romantic epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_medicine" title="Romantic medicine">Romantic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_poetry" title="Romantic poetry">Romantic poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_psychology" title="Romantic psychology">Romantic psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_and_economics" title="Romanticism and economics">Romanticism and economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_and_the_French_Revolution" title="Romanticism and the French Revolution">Romanticism and the French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_science" title="Romanticism in science">Romanticism in science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_and_Bacon" title="Romanticism and Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_evolution_theory" title="Romanticism in evolution theory">Evolution theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wanderer_above_the_Sea_of_Fog" title="Wanderer above the Sea of Fog">Wanderer above the Sea of Fog</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="position:relative;"> <div style="position:absolute;">← <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Template:Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute;right:0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Modernism" title="Template:Modernism">Modernism</a></b> →</div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Romanticism" title="Category:Romanticism">Category</a> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188697#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188697#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188697#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121441161">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/95150108">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/45251/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJx4prDpXHcDmx7rDrCJDq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Lamartine, Alphonse de"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118726056">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79127759">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119108008">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119108008">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00446694">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Lamartine, Alphonse : de"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV008289">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36520328">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990004825&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX948112">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/35884">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068353472">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90077201">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000067503&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000072536&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000136312">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=62615">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000031179">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199615799">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/qn246rg805gtjv8">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810546452005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/78672">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007264380105171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058523309406706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14198130">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01895268?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/c699b762-8609-4775-99dd-ecaf85bb5966">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102586">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/46423484">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche/(num_dept)/9648">Sycomore</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1269657">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118726056.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118726056">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026962284">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/041458">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6dr2w87">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/65766">RISM</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/40200433">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/lamartine-alphonse-de">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_de_Lamartine&oldid=1259169851">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_de_Lamartine&oldid=1259169851</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1790_births" title="Category:1790 births">1790 births</a></li><li><a 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