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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background: #F5DEB3">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Jainism" title="Category:Jainism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #F5DEB3"><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/110px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/165px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/220px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="1934" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist" style="padding-bottom:0.35em; border:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jains" title="List of Jains">Jains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jainism" title="History of Jainism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jainism" title="Timeline of Jainism">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Jainism-related_articles" title="Index of Jainism-related articles">Index</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F5DEB3;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jain_philosophy" title="Jain philosophy">Philosophy</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0px ; border: 2px solid #F5DEB3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anekantavada" title="Anekantavada">Anekantavada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_cosmology" title="Jain cosmology">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa_in_Jainism" title="Ahimsa in Jainism">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_in_Jainism" title="Karma in Jainism">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_(Jainism)" title="Dharma (Jainism)">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha_(Jainism)" title="Moksha (Jainism)">Mokṣa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevala_Jnana" class="mw-redirect" title="Kevala Jnana">Kevala Jnana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravya" title="Dravya">Dravya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattva_(Jainism)" title="Tattva (Jainism)">Tattva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmacarya">Brahmacarya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-possession" title="Non-possession">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunasthana" title="Gunasthana">Gunasthana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra_(Jainism)" title="Saṃsāra (Jainism)">Saṃsāra</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F5DEB3;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Ethics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0px ; border: 2px solid #F5DEB3"><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_Jainism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethics of Jainism">Ethics of Jainism</a> <dl><dd><b>Mahavratas (major vows)</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa_in_Jainism" title="Ahimsa in Jainism">Ahiṃsā (non-violence)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya#Jainism" title="Satya">Satya (truth)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteya#Jainism" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteya">Asteya (non-stealing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacarya#In_Jainism" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmacarya">Brahmacarya (chastity)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-possession" title="Non-possession">Aparigraha (non-possession)</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Anuvratas (further vows)</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81m%C4%81yika" title="Sāmāyika">Sāmāyika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sallekhana" title="Sallekhana">Sallekhana</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F5DEB3;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Jain prayers</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0px ; border: 2px solid #F5DEB3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktamara_Stotra" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhaktamara Stotra">Bhaktamara Stotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micchami_Dukkadam" title="Micchami Dukkadam">Micchami Dukkadam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navkar_Mantra" class="mw-redirect" title="Navkar Mantra">Navkar Mantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namokar_Mantra" title="Namokar Mantra">Ṇamōkāra mantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jai_Jinendra" title="Jai Jinendra">Jai Jinendra</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F5DEB3;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Major figures</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0px ; border: 2px solid #F5DEB3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirthankara" title="Tirthankara">The 24 Tirthankaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishabhanatha" title="Rishabhanatha">Rishabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parshvanatha" title="Parshvanatha">Pārśva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavira" title="Mahavira">Mahavira</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arihant_(Jainism)" title="Arihant (Jainism)">Arihant</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganadhara" title="Ganadhara">Ganadhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundakunda" title="Kundakunda">Kundakunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhasena" title="Siddhasena">Siddhasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantabhadra_(Jain_monk)" title="Samantabhadra (Jain monk)">Samantabhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haribhadra" class="mw-redirect" title="Haribhadra">Haribhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashovijaya" title="Yashovijaya">Yashovijaya</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F5DEB3;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Major sects</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0px ; border: 2px solid #F5DEB3"><a href="/wiki/Jain_schools_and_branches" title="Jain schools and branches">Schools and Branches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digambara" title="Digambara">Digambara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F5DEB3;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jain_literature" title="Jain literature">Jain literature</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0px ; border: 2px solid #F5DEB3"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Samayas%C4%81ra" title="Samayasāra">Samayasāra (Digambara)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pravachanasara" title="Pravachanasara">Pravachanasara (Digambara)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jain_Agamas_(%C5%9Av%C4%93t%C4%81mbara)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain Agamas (Śvētāmbara)">Agama (Śvetāmbara)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tattvartha_Sutra" title="Tattvartha Sutra">Tattvartha Sutra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dravyasamgraha" title="Dravyasamgraha">Dravyasamgraha (Digambara)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_S%C5%ABtra" title="Kalpa Sūtra">Kalpa Sūtra (Śvetāmbara)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uttaradhyayana" title="Uttaradhyayana">Uttaradhyayana (Śvetāmbara)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/C%C4%ABvaka_Cint%C4%81ma%E1%B9%87i" title="Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi">Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silappatikaram" class="mw-redirect" title="Silappatikaram">Silappatikaram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Valayapathi" title="Valayapathi">Valayapathi</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F5DEB3;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Festivals</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0px ; border: 2px solid #F5DEB3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavir_Janma_Kalyanak" title="Mahavir Janma Kalyanak">Mahavir Janma Kalyanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paryushana" title="Paryushana">Paryushana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samvatsari" title="Samvatsari">Samvatsari</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F5DEB3;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Pilgrimages</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0px ; border: 2px solid #F5DEB3"><a href="/wiki/Tirtha_(Jainism)" title="Tirtha (Jainism)">Tirth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dilwara_Temples" title="Dilwara Temples">Abu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palitana_temples" title="Palitana temples">Palitana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girnar_Jain_temples" title="Girnar Jain temples">Girnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikharji" title="Shikharji">Shikharji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shravanabelagola" title="Shravanabelagola">Shravanabelagola</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #F5DEB3;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Other</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0px ; border: 2px solid #F5DEB3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekendriya" title="Ekendriya">Ekendriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_temple" title="Jain temple">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_flag" title="Jain flag">Jain flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_symbols" title="Jain symbols">Jain symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasparopagraho_Jivanam" title="Parasparopagraho Jivanam">Parasparopagraho Jivanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Jainism-related_articles" title="Index of Jainism-related articles">Topics list</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist" style="border-top:1px solid #F5DEB3;border-bottom:1px solid #F5DEB3;padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/16px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhism" title="Category:Sikhism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #FFC600; padding:0.2em; font-size:140%;"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khanda_(Sikh_symbol)" title="Khanda"><img alt="Khanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/100px-Khanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/150px-Khanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/200px-Khanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="632" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="border-top:1px solid #FFC600;border-bottom:1px solid #FFC600;padding-bottom:.35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhs" title="Category:Sikhs">Topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Sikhism" title="Outline of Sikhism">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sikhism" title="History of Sikhism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Sikhism" title="Glossary of Sikhism">Glossary</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_gurus" title="Sikh gurus"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Sikh gurus</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Angad" title="Guru Angad">Guru Angad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Amar_Das" title="Guru Amar Das">Guru Amar Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Ram_Das" title="Guru Ram Das">Guru Ram Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Arjan" title="Guru Arjan">Guru Arjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Hargobind" title="Guru Hargobind">Guru Hargobind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Rai" title="Guru Har Rai">Guru Har Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Krishan" title="Guru Har Krishan">Guru Har Krishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Tegh_Bahadur" title="Guru Tegh Bahadur">Guru Tegh Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Bhagat" title="Bhagat"> <span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Selected revered saints</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Bhagat Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Ravidas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagat Ravidas">Bhagat Ravidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Farid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagat Farid">Bhagat Farid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Ramanand" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagat Ramanand">Bhagat Ramanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Beni" title="Bhagat Beni">Bhagat Beni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Bhagat Namdev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Sadhana" title="Bhagat Sadhana">Bhagat Sadhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Bhikhan" title="Bhagat Bhikhan">Bhagat Bhikhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Parmanand" title="Bhagat Parmanand">Bhagat Parmanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Sain" title="Bhagat Sain">Bhagat Sain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Dhanna" title="Bhagat Dhanna">Bhagat Dhanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Pipa" title="Bhagat Pipa">Bhagat Pipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surdas" title="Surdas">Bhagat Surdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayadeva" title="Jayadeva">Bhagat Jaidev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Trilochan" title="Bhagat Trilochan">Bhagat Trilochan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Kalshar" title="Bhatt Kalshar">Bhatt Kalshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Balh" title="Bhatt Balh">Bhatt Balh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Bhalh" title="Bhatt Bhalh">Bhatt Bhalh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Bhika" title="Bhatt Bhika">Bhatt Bhika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Gayand" title="Bhatt Gayand">Bhatt Gayand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Harbans" title="Bhatt Harbans">Bhatt Harbans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Jalap" title="Bhatt Jalap">Bhatt Jalap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Kirat" title="Bhatt Kirat">Bhatt Kirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Mathura" title="Bhatt Mathura">Bhatt Mathura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Nalh" title="Bhatt Nalh">Bhatt Nalh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Salh" title="Bhatt Salh">Bhatt Salh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Sunder" title="Baba Sunder">Baba Sundar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satta_Doom" title="Satta Doom">Satta Doom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balvand_Rai" title="Balvand Rai">Balvand Rai</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_religious_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh religious philosophy"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Philosophy</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Naam_Japo" title="Naam Japo">Naam Japo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Karo" title="Kirat Karo"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Kirat Karō</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vand_Chhako" title="Vand Chhako"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Vand Chakkō</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charhdi_Kala" class="mw-redirect" title="Charhdi Kala"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Charhdi Kalā</i></span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guru_Maneyo_Granth" title="Guru Maneyo Granth">Guru Maneyo Granth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Thieves" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Thieves">Five Thieves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Virtues" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Virtues">Five Virtues</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_practices" title="Category:Sikh practices"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Practices</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Rehat_Maryada" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh Rehat Maryada">Sikh Rehat Maryada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibitions_in_Sikhism" title="Prohibitions in Sikhism">Prohibitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard%C4%81s" title="Ardās">Ardās</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kirtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Vel%C4%81" title="Amrit Velā">Amrit Velā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasvand" class="mw-redirect" title="Dasvand">Dasvand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Five_Ks" class="mw-redirect" title="The Five Ks">The Five Ks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langar_(Sikhism)" title="Langar (Sikhism)">Langar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seva_(Indian_religions)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seva (Indian religions)">Sewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simran" title="Simran">Simran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitnem" title="Nitnem">Nitnem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dastar" title="Dastar">Dastar</a> (Turban)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naam_Karan" title="Naam Karan">Naam Karan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Sanskar" title="Amrit Sanskar">Amrit Sanskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Karaj" title="Anand Karaj">Anand Karaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antam_Sanskar" title="Antam Sanskar">Antam Sanskar</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_scripture" title="Category:Sikh scripture"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Scripture</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dasam_Granth" title="Dasam Granth">Dasam Granth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarbloh_Granth" title="Sarbloh Granth">Sarbloh Granth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Five_Banis" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Banis">Five Banis</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_places" title="Category:Sikh places"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Places</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/Panj_Takht" title="Panj Takht"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Takhts</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">Gurdwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmandir_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmandir Sahib">Harmandir Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akal_Takht" title="Akal Takht">Akal Takht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Keshgarh_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib">Keshgarh Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Damdama_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Damdama Sahib">Damdama Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Patna_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Patna Sahib">Patna Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Hazur_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Takht Sri Hazur Sahib">Hazur Sahib</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhism" title="Category:Sikhism">General topics</a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ik_Onkar" title="Ik Onkar">Ik Onkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waheguru" title="Waheguru">Waheguru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panj_Pyare" title="Panj Pyare">Panj Pyare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirgun_and_Sargun_(Sikhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirgun and Sargun (Sikhism)">Nirgun and Sargun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanda_(Sikh_symbol)" title="Khanda (Sikh symbol)">Khanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_literature" title="Category:Sikh literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_music" title="Category:Sikh music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_names" title="Sikh names">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Sikhism" title="Criticism of Sikhism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jathedar_of_Akal_Takht" class="mw-redirect" title="Jathedar of Akal Takht">Jathedar of Akal Takht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharamyudh_(Sikhism)" title="Dharamyudh (Sikhism)">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sects_of_Sikhism" title="Sects of Sikhism">Sects</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Sikhism and other religions</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Sikhism" title="Hinduism and Sikhism">Sikhism and Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Sikhism" title="Islam and Sikhism">Sikhism and Islam</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sikhism and Jainism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="border-top:1px solid #FFC600;border-bottom:1px solid #FFC600;padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/16px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/24px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/32px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sikhism_sidebar" title="Template:Sikhism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sikhism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Sikhism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sikhism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sikhism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jainism</b> (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈdʒeɪnɪzəm/</a>), traditionally known as <i><b>Jain Dharma</b></i>, is an ancient <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_India" title="Religion in India">Indian religion</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dharma_(Jainism)" title="Dharma (Jainism)">Jain dharma</a> traces its spiritual ideas and history through a succession of twenty-four leaders or <i><a href="/wiki/Tirthankara" title="Tirthankara">tirthankaras</a></i>, with the first in current time cycle being <a href="/wiki/Rishabhanatha" title="Rishabhanatha">Lord Rishabhanatha</a>, whom the Jain tradition holds to have lived millions of years ago, the twenty-third <i>tirthankara</i> <a href="/wiki/Parshvanatha" title="Parshvanatha">Parshvanatha</a> whom historians date to 8th or 7th century BCE, and the 24th <i>tirthankara</i>, <a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81v%C4%ABra" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahāvīra">Mahāvīra</a> around 500 BCE. Jains believe that Jainism is an eternal <i>dharma</i> with the <i>tirthankaras</i> guiding every cycle of the <a href="/wiki/Jain_cosmology" title="Jain cosmology">Jain cosmology</a>. </p><p>The main religious premises of the Jain dharma are <i><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa_in_Jainism" title="Ahimsa in Jainism">ahiṃsā</a></i> (non-violence), <i><a href="/wiki/Anek%C4%81ntav%C4%81da" class="mw-redirect" title="Anekāntavāda">anekāntavāda</a></i> (many-sidedness), <i><a href="/wiki/Aparigraha" class="mw-redirect" title="Aparigraha">aparigraha</a></i> (non-attachment) and <i><a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">asceticism</a></i> (abstinence from sensual pleasures). Devout Jains take five main vows: <i><a href="/wiki/Ahi%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahiṃsā">ahiṃsā</a></i> (non-violence), <i><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">satya</a></i> (truth), <i><a href="/wiki/Achourya" title="Achourya">asteya</a></i> (not stealing), <i><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">brahmacharya</a></i> (sexual continence), and <i><a href="/wiki/Aparigraha" class="mw-redirect" title="Aparigraha">aparigraha</a></i> (non-possessiveness). These principles have affected Jain culture in many ways, such as leading to a predominantly vegetarian lifestyle. <i><a href="/wiki/Parasparopagraho_J%C4%ABv%C4%81n%C4%81m" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasparopagraho Jīvānām">Parasparopagraho Jīvānām</a></i> (the function of souls is to help one another) is its motto and the <i><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%86am%C5%8Dk%C4%81ra_mantra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ṇamōkāra mantra">Ṇamōkāra mantra</a></i> is its most common and basic prayer. </p><p>While, <b>Sikhism</b> (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈsɪkɪzəm/</a>); <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>: ਸਿੱਖੀ or <b>Sikhi</b> (<i>Sikkhī</i>, <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi" title="Help:IPA/Punjabi">[ˈsɪkːʰiː]</a>, from ਸਿੱਖ, <i><a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a></i>, 'disciple', 'seeker', or 'learner'), is a monotheistic religion that originated in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab</a> region of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> around the end of the 15th century <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a>. One of the youngest of the <a href="/wiki/Major_religious_groups" title="Major religious groups">major religions</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_populations" title="List of religious populations">world's fifth-largest organized religion</a>, it comprises about 25 million <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a> as of the early-21st century. However, according to rough estimates, there are around 120–150 million (12–15 <a href="/wiki/Crore" title="Crore">crore</a>) Nanak Naam Lewas people across the world who also believe in 10 Sikh gurus and the <i><a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Sikhism developed from the spiritual teachings of <a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a>, the first Guru (1469–1539), and of the nine <a href="/wiki/Sikh_gurus" title="Sikh gurus">Sikh gurus</a> who succeeded him. The tenth guru, <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Gobind Singh</a> (1676-1708), named the Sikh scripture <i><a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a></i> as his successor, bringing to a close the line of human gurus and establishing the scripture as the eternal, religious spiritual guide for Sikhs. Guru Nanak taught that living an "active, creative, and practical life" of "truthfulness, fidelity, self-control and purity" is above the metaphysical truth, and that the ideal man "establishes union with God, knows His Will, and carries out that Will". <a href="/wiki/Guru_Hargobind" title="Guru Hargobind">Guru Hargobind</a>, the sixth Sikh Guru (1606-1644), established the concept of the mutual co-existence of the <a href="/wiki/Miri_piri" class="mw-redirect" title="Miri piri"><i>miri</i></a> (political/temporal) and <i>piri</i> (spiritual) realms. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jainism_and_Sikhism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_in_a_bazaar,_ca._1840-45.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_in_a_bazaar%2C_ca._1840-45.jpg/220px-Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_in_a_bazaar%2C_ca._1840-45.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_in_a_bazaar%2C_ca._1840-45.jpg/330px-Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_in_a_bazaar%2C_ca._1840-45.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_in_a_bazaar%2C_ca._1840-45.jpg/440px-Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_in_a_bazaar%2C_ca._1840-45.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1062" data-file-height="896" /></a><figcaption>Maharaja Ranjit Singh in a bazaar, ca. 1840-45. A Jain monk can be spotted on the bottom-left (mouth covered and wearing white)</figcaption></figure> <p>The sacred books of <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> are called <a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)">Agamas</a>. The Jaina Agamas or scriptures are the works of the immediate disciples of Mahavira. The first sacred books of the Jaina are in <a href="/wiki/Prakrit" title="Prakrit">Prakrit</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ardhamagadhi_Prakrit" title="Ardhamagadhi Prakrit">Ardha Magadhi</a> language. They were given their written form in the 5th century at <a href="/wiki/Vallabhi" title="Vallabhi">Vallabhi</a>, in Gujarat. Dr. <a href="/wiki/Joshi" title="Joshi">L.M. Joshi</a> is of the opinion that the literature of Jainism is vast and varied. Its subject matter includes not only ascetic culture, morality, religion and philosophy, but also fables fairy-tales, legendary romances, history, hagiography, mythology and cosmology. "The body of literature known as Agamas includes a large number of texts. These are divided into two classes" Anga Agamas or the original twelve books and Angabahya Agamas or the texts outside of the original twelve books. </p><p>The Jain Scriptures are the source books of Jain ethics, yoga, religion, philosophy and mythology. The <a href="/wiki/Tattvartha_Sutra" title="Tattvartha Sutra">Tattvartha Sutra</a> is a famous book which summarizes Jain teachings. The <a href="/wiki/%C4%80c%C4%81r%C4%81%E1%B9%85ga_S%C5%ABtra" title="Ācārāṅga Sūtra">Ācārāṅga Sūtra</a> deals chiefly with the ethical conduct and discipline of monks. The <a href="/wiki/Kalpa_S%C5%ABtra" title="Kalpa Sūtra">Kalpasutra</a> describes in detail the life-story of Mahavira. A most remarkable description of hells is given in Sutrakritanga. The Sthananga discusses dogmatic topics, The Upasakadasha deals with pious men of the time of Mahavira. The contents of other book are mixed and varied. They deal with myths and legends, ethical and monastic discipline, hells and heavens, cosmology and astrology. </p><p>The Jain system, like the <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a>, is non-theistic. It does not acknowledge the existence of a Creator God. Another important feature is that it is a pluralistic system. The atmans are many, infinite in number. Moksha is not absorption into the supreme but the attainment of a perfect, luminous and blessed atman which is without body and without actions. </p><p>Philosophically, an important contribution of Jainism is the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Anekantavada" title="Anekantavada">anekantavada</a>. The Jaina thinkers thought that reality can be examined from many (aneka) standpoints (anta). A thing can be described from at least seven standpoints (saptabhangi) and all can be equally true. This doctrine has contributed to the tolerance of contrary opinions among theologians and philosophers. In modern times, when exclusive claims of religions are under strain, this doctrine has a special relevance and meaning. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a>: ਸਿੱਖੀ ), amongst the youngest of the major world religions, originated and primarily developed in the 15th-17th century sub-continental India (South Asia). The word <i>Sikhi</i> derives from the word <i>Sikh</i>, which itself is based on the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> root "śiṣya" (शिष्यः), meaning a "disciple" or "learner". <a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak Dev Ji</a> was the founder of Sikhi. He was born in 1469 in the village of <a href="/wiki/Nankana_Sahib" title="Nankana Sahib">Nankana Sahib</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. The faith system is based on the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev Ji and ten successive Sikh Gurus (divine messengers or enlighteners), with the last one being the revealed sacred scripture, <a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a>. This system of religious philosophy and expression has been traditionally known as Gurmat (literally the counsel of the Gurus) or the Sikh Dharma. With around 30 million followers worldwide, Sikhism is the fifth largest organized religion in the world. </p><p>The principal belief of Sikhism is faith in <a href="/wiki/Waheguru" title="Waheguru">Waheguruji</a> — represented using the sacred symbol of <a href="/wiki/Ik_Onkar" title="Ik Onkar">ik onkar</a>, the Universal God. Sikhism advocates the pursuit of salvation through disciplined, personal meditation on the name and message of God. A key distinctive feature of Sikhism is a non-anthropomorphic concept of God, to the extent that one can interpret God as the entire creation itself. </p><p>The followers of Sikhism, or Sikhs, are ordained to follow the teachings of the ten Sikh Gurus, enshrined in the holy scripture the Guru Granth Sahib. While compiling the scripture, the fifth Sikh Guru, <a href="/wiki/Guru_Arjan" title="Guru Arjan">Guru Arjan Dev Ji</a> incorporated not only the writings of the Sikh Gurus, but also included selected works of many devotees and saints from diverse socio-economic and religious backgrounds, who believed in the unity of God and denounced caste and superstition. The text was decreed by <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh Ji</a>, the tenth and last human guru, as the final guru of the <a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa Panth</a>. </p><p>Sikhism's traditions and teachings are distinctively associated with the history, society and culture of the Punjab region, the traditional homeland of the Sikhs and the site of the Sikh Empire. Presently, a majority of the Sikhs live in Punjab, India, and until India's partition in 1947, one million of Sikhs had lived in what is now Pakistani Punjab. Besides Sikhi and Gurmat, Sikhism is also referred to as Aad-Matt (the primal counsel). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gujranwala_dispute">Gujranwala dispute</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jainism_and_Sikhism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gujranwala dispute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shrine_of_Vijayanandsuri_Atmaramji_Gujranwala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shrine_of_Vijayanandsuri_Atmaramji_Gujranwala.jpg/220px-Shrine_of_Vijayanandsuri_Atmaramji_Gujranwala.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shrine_of_Vijayanandsuri_Atmaramji_Gujranwala.jpg/330px-Shrine_of_Vijayanandsuri_Atmaramji_Gujranwala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shrine_of_Vijayanandsuri_Atmaramji_Gujranwala.jpg/440px-Shrine_of_Vijayanandsuri_Atmaramji_Gujranwala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2396" data-file-height="3142" /></a><figcaption>Shrine of <a href="/wiki/Vijayanandsuri" title="Vijayanandsuri">Acharya Vijayanand Suri</a> located in Gujranwala that some have disputed as being the <i>samadhi</i> of Charat Singh. Photograph from Chicago Prashnottar, 1918</figcaption></figure> <p>A <i><a href="/wiki/Samadhi_(shrine)" title="Samadhi (shrine)">samadhi</a></i> (Indic cenotaph tomb) of <a href="/wiki/Charat_Singh" title="Charat Singh">Charat Singh</a> is believed by some Sikhs to be located at <a href="/wiki/Gujranwala" title="Gujranwala">Gujranwala</a>, near the Sheranwala Bagh. <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jains</a> dispute this and claim the structure is a <a href="/wiki/Jain_temple" title="Jain temple">Jain temple</a> built in memory of a Jain scholar named <a href="/wiki/Vijayanandsuri" title="Vijayanandsuri">Acharya Vijayanand Suri</a>, whose father served in the military of Maharaja Ranjit Singh as an official.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This theory is further refuted by the <i>Umdat-ut-Tawarikh</i>, a chronicle on the reign of Ranjit Singh and his successors by Sohan Lal Suri, the court recorder of the Sikh Empire. The chronicle states that Ranjit Singh, after leaving a village named Halla, paid a visit to his grandfather's samadhi on 5 October 1838 located near a village named Jalal. It further states he made an <i><a href="/wiki/Ard%C4%81s" title="Ardās">ardas</a></i> and a donation of 200 rupees. After the visit, he left for a village called Karala.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, the samadhi of Charat Singh is located near a village named Jalal, not Gujranwala. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lineage_of_teachers">Lineage of teachers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jainism_and_Sikhism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lineage of teachers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mural_of_Arihanta_Deva,_Jain_master_Parsvanath,_Sheesh_Mahal,_Qila_Mubarak,_Patiala,_Punjab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Mural_of_Arihanta_Deva%2C_Jain_master_Parsvanath%2C_Sheesh_Mahal%2C_Qila_Mubarak%2C_Patiala%2C_Punjab.jpg/220px-Mural_of_Arihanta_Deva%2C_Jain_master_Parsvanath%2C_Sheesh_Mahal%2C_Qila_Mubarak%2C_Patiala%2C_Punjab.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Mural_of_Arihanta_Deva%2C_Jain_master_Parsvanath%2C_Sheesh_Mahal%2C_Qila_Mubarak%2C_Patiala%2C_Punjab.jpg/330px-Mural_of_Arihanta_Deva%2C_Jain_master_Parsvanath%2C_Sheesh_Mahal%2C_Qila_Mubarak%2C_Patiala%2C_Punjab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Mural_of_Arihanta_Deva%2C_Jain_master_Parsvanath%2C_Sheesh_Mahal%2C_Qila_Mubarak%2C_Patiala%2C_Punjab.jpg/440px-Mural_of_Arihanta_Deva%2C_Jain_master_Parsvanath%2C_Sheesh_Mahal%2C_Qila_Mubarak%2C_Patiala%2C_Punjab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="1074" /></a><figcaption>Mural of Arihanta Deva, Jain master <a href="/wiki/Parshvanatha" title="Parshvanatha">Parsvanath</a>, Sheesh Mahal, <a href="/wiki/Qila_Mubarak,_Patiala" title="Qila Mubarak, Patiala">Qila Mubarak</a>, Patiala, Punjab</figcaption></figure> <p>The 24th tirthankara of the Jain community was Mahavira, the last in a series who lived in East India. </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Rishabhanatha" title="Rishabhanatha">Lord Rishabha</a>-is the first <i><a href="/wiki/T%C4%ABrtha%E1%B9%85kara" class="mw-redirect" title="Tīrthaṅkara">Tīrthaṅkara</a></i> (<abbr>lit.</abbr> '<a href="/wiki/Ford_(crossing)" title="Ford (crossing)">ford</a>-maker') of <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> and the founder of <a href="/wiki/Solar_dynasty" title="Solar dynasty">Ikshvaku dynasty</a>.  He was the first of twenty-four teachers in the present half-cycle of time in Jain cosmology, and called a "ford maker" because his teachings helped one across the <a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra_(Jainism)" title="Saṃsāra (Jainism)">sea of interminable rebirths and deaths</a>. Jain legends depict him as having lived millions of years ago. He was the spiritual successor of Samprati Bhagwan,the last Tirthankar of previous time cycle.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajitanatha" title="Ajitanatha">Ajitanath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambhavanatha" title="Sambhavanatha">Sambhavanatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhinandananatha" title="Abhinandananatha">Abhinandananatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatinatha" title="Sumatinatha">Sumatinatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmaprabha" title="Padmaprabha">Padmaprabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suparshvanatha" title="Suparshvanatha">Suparshvanath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandraprabha" title="Chandraprabha">Chandraprabha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suvidhinath_Swami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suvidhinath Swami (page does not exist)">Suvidhinath Swami</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pushpadanta" title="Pushpadanta">Puspadanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shitalanatha" title="Shitalanatha">Sheetalnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shreyansanatha" title="Shreyansanatha">Shreyansanath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasupujya" title="Vasupujya">Vasupujya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimalanatha" title="Vimalanatha">Vimalnatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anantanatha" title="Anantanatha">Anantnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmanatha" title="Dharmanatha">Dharmanath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satinath_Sarangi" title="Satinath Sarangi">Santinath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunthunatha" title="Kunthunatha">Kunthunath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranatha" title="Aranatha">Aranath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ll%C4%ABn%C4%81tha" class="mw-redirect" title="Māllīnātha">Mallinath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munisuvrata" title="Munisuvrata">Munisuvrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naminatha" title="Naminatha">Naminatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neminatha" title="Neminatha">Neminatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parshvanatha" title="Parshvanatha">Parshwanath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavira" title="Mahavira">Mahavira</a>- Mahavira taught that observance of the vows of <i><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa_in_Jainism" title="Ahimsa in Jainism">ahimsa</a></i> (non-violence), <i><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">satya</a></i> (truth), <i><a href="/wiki/Asteya" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteya">asteya</a></i> (non-stealing), <i><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">brahmacharya</a></i> (chastity), and <i><a href="/wiki/Aparigraha" class="mw-redirect" title="Aparigraha">aparigraha</a></i> (non-attachment) are necessary for spiritual liberation. He taught the principles of <i><a href="/wiki/Anekantavada" title="Anekantavada">Anekantavada</a></i> (many-sided reality): <i><a href="/wiki/Anekantavada#Syādvāda" title="Anekantavada">syadvada</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Anekantavada#Nayavāda" title="Anekantavada">nayavada</a></i>. Mahavira's teachings were compiled by <a href="/wiki/Indrabhuti_Gautama" class="mw-redirect" title="Indrabhuti Gautama">Indrabhuti Gautama</a> (his chief disciple) as the <a href="/wiki/Jain_Agamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain Agamas">Jain Agamas</a>.</li></ol> <p>Sikhism has 10 Gurus, with the <a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">religious text</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a> according status as the final Guru by <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gurdwara_Janam_Asthan_(151719).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gurdwara_Janam_Asthan_%28151719%29.jpg/220px-Gurdwara_Janam_Asthan_%28151719%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gurdwara_Janam_Asthan_%28151719%29.jpg/330px-Gurdwara_Janam_Asthan_%28151719%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gurdwara_Janam_Asthan_%28151719%29.jpg/440px-Gurdwara_Janam_Asthan_%28151719%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5088" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nankana_Sahib" title="Nankana Sahib">Nankana Sahib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> the place where Guru Nanak was born</figcaption></figure> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak JI</a>- The founder of Sikhism, studied many philosophies and talked to many scholars like the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bani_Shaiba" title="Bani Shaiba">Bani Shaiba</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lhasa" title="Lhasa">Lhasa</a> and various <a href="/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu">Sadhus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monks</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufi_saints" title="List of Sufi saints">Sufi saints</a>. He established the base of Sikhism and is respected by <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nanakpanthi" title="Nanakpanthi">Nanak Panthis</a> as well. He traveled the world and was a revolutionary from birth. When he was ten years old he refused to put janeu and stopped following blind rituals. He trained in <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gatka" title="Gatka">Gatka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shastar_Vidya" title="Shastar Vidya">Shastar Vidya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a>. When Guru Nanak was bathing in a nearby river he did not come back to his home for three days. When he did he only said one phrase- "Na Koi Hindu, Na koi Musalman" (No one is Hindu, No one is Muslim)". Guru Nanak had discourses with many rulers and spirituals about how they were treating the peasants including <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a> and The <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>. He later went to North Sri Lanka to learn the faith of the South Indians and Tibet to meet the <a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a>. He even performed the <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a>.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_and_Badshahi_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_and_Badshahi_Mosque.jpg/220px-Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_and_Badshahi_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_and_Badshahi_Mosque.jpg/330px-Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_and_Badshahi_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_and_Badshahi_Mosque.jpg/440px-Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_and_Badshahi_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5202" data-file-height="3465" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Dera_Sahib" title="Gurdwara Dera Sahib">Gurdwara Dera Sahib</a> next to <a href="/wiki/Badshahi_Mosque" title="Badshahi Mosque">Badshahi Mosque</a></figcaption></figure></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Angad" title="Guru Angad">Guru Angad Ji-</a> Invented the script of <a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a> to show that the Sikh faith is separate from the faith of the Muslims and Hindus. He increased the practice of <a href="/wiki/Langar_(Sikhism)" title="Langar (Sikhism)">Langar</a> and education within all people, the also compiled the <a href="/wiki/Janamsakhis" title="Janamsakhis">Janamsakhis</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Bhai_Bala" title="Bhai Bala">Bhai Bala</a>. Through their own life conduct, Guru Ji demonstrated the principles of Nishkam Sewa (selfless service) to humanity, complete surrender to the Guru and to the will of God, and disapproval of exhibitionism and hypocrisy. .Maintained and developed the institution of Langar started by Guru Nanak Dev Ji.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Amar_Das" title="Guru Amar Das">Guru Amar Das Ji-</a> Increased women empowerment and abolished <a href="/wiki/Vivaah" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivaah">Hindu Marriage</a> customs, naming ceremonies and Shaving off one's head while cremating and completely eradicated the practice of <a href="/wiki/Sati_(practice)" title="Sati (practice)">Sati</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Ram_Das" title="Guru Ram Das">Guru Ram Das Ji</a>- Started the compilation of The Adi Granth and collected the sayings and scriptures of the earlier gurus. He also stopped many sects from rising in Sikhism such as the <a href="/wiki/Mina_(Sikhism)" title="Mina (Sikhism)">Minas</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baba_Sri_Chand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baba Sri Chand (page does not exist)">Udiasis</a>.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangla_Sahib_Gurdwara_in_Delhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bangla_Sahib_Gurdwara_in_Delhi.jpg/220px-Bangla_Sahib_Gurdwara_in_Delhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bangla_Sahib_Gurdwara_in_Delhi.jpg/330px-Bangla_Sahib_Gurdwara_in_Delhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bangla_Sahib_Gurdwara_in_Delhi.jpg/440px-Bangla_Sahib_Gurdwara_in_Delhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2481" data-file-height="3103" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gurudwara_Bangla_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurudwara Bangla Sahib">Gurudwara Bangla Sahib</a> in Delhi the place where Guru Harkrishan died</figcaption></figure></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Arjan" title="Guru Arjan">Guru Arjan Dev Ji-</a> He completed the Guru Granth Sahib ji and added the most verses in it and included the works of <a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Sant Kabir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ravidas" title="Ravidas">Guru Ravidas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Trilochan" title="Bhagat Trilochan">Trilochan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Namdev</a> etc and <a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">Muslim saints</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Bhai_Mardana" title="Bhai Mardana">Bhai Mardana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fariduddin_Ganjshakar" class="mw-redirect" title="Fariduddin Ganjshakar">Bhagat Farid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Beni" title="Bhagat Beni">Bhagat Beni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balvand_Rai" title="Balvand Rai">Balwant Rai</a> etc. He is also called <i>Shaheedan-De-Saraaj</i> or The crown of Martyrs, when Khurram was revolting Guru Arjan Dev Ji allowed him to come in the gurudwara and eat langer, Afterwards the guruji was given the choice of converting to Islam or be brutally torchered. He was made to sit on a boiling plate and then dip into the freezing <a href="/wiki/Beas_River" title="Beas River">Beas</a> River. He also created the Golden Temple or Darbar Sahib.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Hargobind" title="Guru Hargobind">Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji-</a> After Guru Arjan Dev ji was he gave him an order, that Sikhs should know how to defend themselves. Instead of the Tikka Guru Hargobind Sahib ji came out of the Darbar Sahib with two swords, the Miri and the Piri, one for Spirituality and one for Justice, this inspired many quotes such as <a href="/wiki/Sant_Sipahi" title="Sant Sipahi">Sant Sipahi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deg_Tegh_Fateh" title="Deg Tegh Fateh">Degh Tegh Fateh.</a> He fought many battles with both <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a>. He also raised a fort in front of the Darbar Sahib ,The <a href="/wiki/Akal_Takht" title="Akal Takht">Akal Takht</a>, being tilted 22 degrees away from the Darbar Sahib directly at <a href="/wiki/Red_Fort" title="Red Fort">Red Fort</a> challenging Mughal authority.</li> <li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gurdwara_Patalpuri,_in_Kiratpur,_Punjab,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Gurdwara_Patalpuri%2C_in_Kiratpur%2C_Punjab%2C_India.jpg/220px-Gurdwara_Patalpuri%2C_in_Kiratpur%2C_Punjab%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Gurdwara_Patalpuri%2C_in_Kiratpur%2C_Punjab%2C_India.jpg/330px-Gurdwara_Patalpuri%2C_in_Kiratpur%2C_Punjab%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Gurdwara_Patalpuri%2C_in_Kiratpur%2C_Punjab%2C_India.jpg/440px-Gurdwara_Patalpuri%2C_in_Kiratpur%2C_Punjab%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kiratpur_Sahib" title="Kiratpur Sahib">Kiratpur Sahib</a></figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Rai" title="Guru Har Rai">Guru Har Rai Ji</a>- After the death of Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji kept an armed force but did not engage in warfare. He kept friendly relations with the Mughals and had the largest Zoological park and Hospital in the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> and cured <a href="/wiki/Dara_Shikoh" title="Dara Shikoh">Dara Shikoh</a> from Smallpox at <a href="/wiki/Kiratpur_Sahib" title="Kiratpur Sahib">Kiratpur Sahib</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Krishan" title="Guru Har Krishan">Guru Harkrishan Ji</a>- Guru Harkrishan Ji was summoned to Delhi by Aurangzeb when he cured 40 people from smallpox while risking himself to cure them.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Tegh_Bahadur" title="Guru Tegh Bahadur">Guru 'Tegh' Bahadur Ji</a>- Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji was a admirer of many faiths and he wrote lots of bani in the Guru Granth Sahib Ji. He travelled to Kashmir and when he heard that Hindus and Buddhists were being forcefully converted to Islam he surrendered himself to Aurangzeb at Agra. He challenged Aurangzeb and said that if he could convert him then he can convert the Kashmiris. Aurangzeb accepted and torchered him for 90 days until he was beheaded. He is the only prophet in the world to die for another faith.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Takhat_Sri_Kesgarh_Sahib,_Anandpur_Sahib_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Takhat_Sri_Kesgarh_Sahib%2C_Anandpur_Sahib_08.jpg/220px-Takhat_Sri_Kesgarh_Sahib%2C_Anandpur_Sahib_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Takhat_Sri_Kesgarh_Sahib%2C_Anandpur_Sahib_08.jpg/330px-Takhat_Sri_Kesgarh_Sahib%2C_Anandpur_Sahib_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Takhat_Sri_Kesgarh_Sahib%2C_Anandpur_Sahib_08.jpg/440px-Takhat_Sri_Kesgarh_Sahib%2C_Anandpur_Sahib_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5456" data-file-height="3632" /></a><figcaption>Qila Anandgarh Sahib or The Fort of Bliss made to protect Anandpur against the Hindu Hill Chieftains</figcaption></figure></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Shah-i-Shenshah Guru Gobind Singh Ji</a>- After Guru Tegh Bahadur ji's martyrdom Guru Gobind Singh Ji created many poems compositions and letters, including Fatehnamah, Ugardandis, Lakhi Jungle Khalsa, Hikayatan, Akal Ustat, Japji Sahib etc, these were incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Dasam_Granth" title="Dasam Granth">Dasam Granth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarbloh_Granth" title="Sarbloh Granth">Sarbloh Granth</a> respectively. He stayed at Anandpur Sahib for most of his life and the Hindu Hill Chieftains were jealous of his riches so the Kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Kahlur_Fort" title="Kahlur Fort">Kahlur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bilaspur,_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh">Bilaspur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garhwal_division" title="Garhwal division">Garhwal</a> and some common Hindus made an alliance to fight him. He and the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Una,_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Una, Himachal Pradesh">Una</a> allied and won the Battle of Bhangani. The even more Himachali states allied and still lost to the Guruji. This showed the Guruji's influence and military strength in the area. The Hindu chieftains allied with <a href="/wiki/Wazir_Khan_(Sirhind)" title="Wazir Khan (Sirhind)">Wazir Khan</a> of Sirhind and the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Subah">Subedar of Lahore</a> and together they still lost. One day Guruji started retreating from <a href="/wiki/Anandpur_Sahib" title="Anandpur Sahib">Anandpur Sahib</a> and he got separated with his two sons aged 5 and 9 due to the cold Satluj River. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Takht_Sri_Kesgarh_Sahib_-_Anandpur_Sahib.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Takht_Sri_Kesgarh_Sahib_-_Anandpur_Sahib.jpg/220px-Takht_Sri_Kesgarh_Sahib_-_Anandpur_Sahib.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Takht_Sri_Kesgarh_Sahib_-_Anandpur_Sahib.jpg/330px-Takht_Sri_Kesgarh_Sahib_-_Anandpur_Sahib.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Takht_Sri_Kesgarh_Sahib_-_Anandpur_Sahib.jpg/440px-Takht_Sri_Kesgarh_Sahib_-_Anandpur_Sahib.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2649" /></a><figcaption>Takht Dhan Keshgarh Sahib one of the <a href="/wiki/Panj_Takht" title="Panj Takht">Panj Takht</a>.</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazur_Sahib,_Nanded,_Maharashtra,_September_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Hazur_Sahib%2C_Nanded%2C_Maharashtra%2C_September_2012.jpg/220px-Hazur_Sahib%2C_Nanded%2C_Maharashtra%2C_September_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Hazur_Sahib%2C_Nanded%2C_Maharashtra%2C_September_2012.jpg/330px-Hazur_Sahib%2C_Nanded%2C_Maharashtra%2C_September_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Hazur_Sahib%2C_Nanded%2C_Maharashtra%2C_September_2012.jpg/440px-Hazur_Sahib%2C_Nanded%2C_Maharashtra%2C_September_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Takht Dhan Hazur Sahib, the place where Guru Gobind Singh Ji took his last breath</figcaption></figure>He entrusted his brahmin cook, Gangu Brahmin, to take care of them but Gangu Brahmin sold them to Wazir Khan. In the meantime Aurangzeb dispatched 50,000-75,000 troops to attack the Guruji. after he sent his elder sons and 42 others to fight only 17,000 Mughals came back alive, his elder sons died on the battlefield. The younger sons and their grandmother remained trapped in the same week that their brothers died. Wazir Khan said that he would give them riches if they convert and immurement if they do not, they chose death, till now <a href="/wiki/Fateh_Singh_(Sikhism)" title="Fateh Singh (Sikhism)">Sahibzada Fateh Singh</a> is the youngest Martyr in the history of the World. Guru Gobind Singh Ji sent his letter of victory or <a href="/wiki/Zafarnama_(letter)" title="Zafarnama (letter)">Zafarnamah</a> to Aurangzeb and they signed a treaty. Later when Aurangzeb Died and the Guruji was in <a href="/wiki/Rajputana" title="Rajputana">Rajputana</a> there was a war of succession between Muhammad Azam Shah and Bahadur Shah I and Guru Gobind Singh Ji sided with Bahadur Shah I who was secular in his views and Muhammad Azam Shah was killed by a Sikh soldier. On his way to Aurangabad the Guruji was stabbed three times in his lungs, and he woke up and killed the assassin. He survived for three more weeks before dying in Nanded, Maharashtra.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mutual_Cooperation">Mutual Cooperation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jainism_and_Sikhism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mutual Cooperation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Author <a href="/wiki/Khushwant_Singh" title="Khushwant Singh">Khushvant Singh</a> notes that many eminent Jains never shied from helping the cause of an ascetic. They tremendously helped the Sikh <a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">gurus</a> by coming to their help in difficult times.<sup id="cite_ref-KS_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the ninth Sikh guru, <a href="/wiki/Guru_Tegh_Bahadur" title="Guru Tegh Bahadur">Guru Tegh Bahadur</a>, was on his preaching mission in eastern India, he and his family were invited by Salis Rai Johri to stay in his <i><a href="/wiki/Haveli" title="Haveli">haveli</a></i> in Patna. In his <a href="/wiki/Hukamnama" title="Hukamnama">hukamnamas</a> sent from Assam, the guru referred to Patna as <i>guru-ka-ghar</i>, meaning "home of the guru". Salis Rai donated half of his haveli to build a <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">gurdwara</a>, Janam Sthan, because <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a> was born there. On the other half, he built a <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Av%C4%93t%C4%81mbara" class="mw-redirect" title="Śvētāmbara">Śvētāmbara</a> <a href="/wiki/Jain_temple" title="Jain temple">Jain temple</a>; both have a common wall. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pandit_Todarmal" title="Pandit Todarmal">Todar Mal</a> was an <a href="/wiki/Oswal" title="Oswal">Oswal</a> Jain who rose to become the diwan in the court of <a href="/wiki/Nawab" title="Nawab">Nawab</a> Wazir Khan of <a href="/wiki/Sirhind-Fategarh" title="Sirhind-Fategarh">Sirhind</a>. When the Nawab had Guru Gobind Singh's two younger sons put to death, <a href="/wiki/Jahaz_Haveli#Diwan_Todar_Mal" title="Jahaz Haveli">Todar Mal</a> conveyed the sad news to their grandmother—who died of shock. Diwan Todar Mal donated his own family gold to purchase a small piece of land to cremate the young sons of the guru. He had built <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Jyoti_Sarup" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurdwara Jyoti Sarup">Gurdwara Jyoti Sarup</a> on the site of the cremation at <a href="/wiki/Fatehgarh_Sahib" title="Fatehgarh Sahib">Fatehgarh Sahib</a>. A large hall of the gurdwara honours the builder by being named after him: Diwan <a href="/wiki/Jahaz_Haveli#Diwan_Todar_Mal" title="Jahaz Haveli">Todar Mal</a> Jain Yadagiri Hall.<sup id="cite_ref-KS_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Practices_and_differences">Practices and differences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jainism_and_Sikhism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Practices and differences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diwali">Diwali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jainism_and_Sikhism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Diwali"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a> is celebrated by both religions. Although Sikhs celebrate the day as <a href="/wiki/Bandi_Chhor_Divas" title="Bandi Chhor Divas">Bandi Chhor Divas</a>, the homecoming to <a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a> of the sixth Sikh Guru, <a href="/wiki/Guru_Hargobind" title="Guru Hargobind">Guru Hargobind</a> from <a href="/wiki/Gwalior" title="Gwalior">Gwalior</a>. The release of 52 Rajas from the fort of Gwalior is attributed to this Guru. </p><p>For Jains, Diwali is the celebration of the 24th <a href="/wiki/Tirthankara" title="Tirthankara">Tirthankara</a> Mahavira, attaining <a href="/wiki/Moksha_(Jainism)" title="Moksha (Jainism)">Nirvana</a> on this day at <a href="/wiki/Pawapuri" title="Pawapuri">Pavapuri</a> on October 15, 527 BCE, on Chaturdashi of Karti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ahimsa_and_vegetarianism">Ahimsa and vegetarianism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jainism_and_Sikhism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ahimsa and vegetarianism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ahimsa_in_Jainism" title="Ahimsa in Jainism">Ahimsa in Jainism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Jain vegetarianism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Contemporary_or_near-contemporary_depiction_of_Guru_Gobind_Singh_hunting_lion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Contemporary_or_near-contemporary_depiction_of_Guru_Gobind_Singh_hunting_lion.jpg/220px-Contemporary_or_near-contemporary_depiction_of_Guru_Gobind_Singh_hunting_lion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Contemporary_or_near-contemporary_depiction_of_Guru_Gobind_Singh_hunting_lion.jpg/330px-Contemporary_or_near-contemporary_depiction_of_Guru_Gobind_Singh_hunting_lion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Contemporary_or_near-contemporary_depiction_of_Guru_Gobind_Singh_hunting_lion.jpg/440px-Contemporary_or_near-contemporary_depiction_of_Guru_Gobind_Singh_hunting_lion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1296" /></a><figcaption>Contemporary depiction of <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a> hunting an <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_lion" title="Asiatic lion">Asiatic lion</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Jains are strictly <a href="/wiki/Lacto-vegetarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacto-vegetarian">lacto-vegetarian</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as it is a sin to kill any animal including a beetle or an ant. </p><p>The majority of Sikhs believe that in Sikhism, eating meat is left up to the individual's conscience, which should be <a href="/wiki/Jhatka" title="Jhatka">Jhatka</a> as practiced in most Indian cultures. <a href="/wiki/Khushwant_Singh" title="Khushwant Singh">Khushwant Singh</a> also notes that most Sikhs are meat-eaters and decry vegetarians as daal khorey (lentil-eaters).<sup id="cite_ref-KS_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sikh scriptures however, promotes eating conscious <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a> for spiritual awareness and having less impact on environment.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sikh who take <a href="/wiki/Amrit_Sanskar" title="Amrit Sanskar">Amrit</a> are vegetarians.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The food served in <a href="/wiki/Gurudwara" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurudwara">gurudwaras</a> is invariably vegetarian in order to accommodate all sections of society. Although <a href="/wiki/Halal" title="Halal">Halal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kosher</a> are banned for Sikhs. </p><p>On the views that eating vegetation would be eating flesh, first Sikh <a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a> states: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> ਪਾਂਡੇ ਤੂ ਜਾਣੈ ਹੀ ਨਾਹੀ ਕਿਥਹੁ ਮਾਸੁ ਉਪੰਨਾ ॥ ਤੋਇਅਹੁ ਅੰਨੁ ਕਮਾਦੁ ਕਪਾਹਾਂ ਤੋਇਅਹੁ ਤ੍ਰਿਭਵਣੁ ਗੰਨਾ ॥ </p><p>O Pandit, you do not know where did flesh originate! It is water where life originated and it is water that sustains all life. It is water that produces grains, sugarcane, cotton and all forms of life. </p> <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>First Mehl</i>, AGGS, M 1, p 1290.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a> for the Jains is a code of practice to always be kind and compassionate and prevent hurt to oneself and others. Sikhs reject Ahimsa.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are occasional references to Jainism in the Guru Granth Sahib and other Sikh texts.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asceticism">Asceticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jainism_and_Sikhism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Asceticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail_of_a_painting_of_a_Jain_monk,_by_Kapur_Singh,_Punjab,_ca.1860%E2%80%9365.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Detail_of_a_painting_of_a_Jain_monk%2C_by_Kapur_Singh%2C_Punjab%2C_ca.1860%E2%80%9365.jpg/220px-Detail_of_a_painting_of_a_Jain_monk%2C_by_Kapur_Singh%2C_Punjab%2C_ca.1860%E2%80%9365.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Detail_of_a_painting_of_a_Jain_monk%2C_by_Kapur_Singh%2C_Punjab%2C_ca.1860%E2%80%9365.jpg/330px-Detail_of_a_painting_of_a_Jain_monk%2C_by_Kapur_Singh%2C_Punjab%2C_ca.1860%E2%80%9365.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Detail_of_a_painting_of_a_Jain_monk%2C_by_Kapur_Singh%2C_Punjab%2C_ca.1860%E2%80%9365.jpg/440px-Detail_of_a_painting_of_a_Jain_monk%2C_by_Kapur_Singh%2C_Punjab%2C_ca.1860%E2%80%9365.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1267" data-file-height="1373" /></a><figcaption>Detail of a painting of a Jain monk, by the Sikh artist <a href="/wiki/Kapur_Singh_(artist)" title="Kapur Singh (artist)">Kapur Singh</a>, Punjab, ca.1860–65</figcaption></figure> <p>Sikhism rejects <a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">asceticism</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - The Gurus lived as householders. On asceticism Guru Nanak stated:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Asceticism doesn't lie in ascetic robes, or in walking staff, nor in the ashes. Asceticism doesn't lie in the earring, nor in the shaven head, nor blowing a conch. Asceticism lies in remaining pure amidst impurities. Asceticism doesn't lie in mere words; He is an ascetic who treats everyone alike. Asceticism doesn't lie in visiting burial places, It lies not in wandering about, nor in bathing at places of pilgrimage. Asceticism is to remain pure amidst impurities. (Suhi)</p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Jain_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain community">Jain community</a> is a fourfold order of male monastics (<i>muni</i>), female monastics (<i>aryika</i>) and householder (<i><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ar%C4%81vaka_(Jainism)" title="Śrāvaka (Jainism)">Śrāvaka and Śrāvika</a>)</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_practices">Other practices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jainism_and_Sikhism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other practices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Sikh is bound to the Truth at all times and practices god Consciousness through <a href="/wiki/Naam" class="mw-redirect" title="Naam">Naam</a> <a href="/wiki/Simran" title="Simran">Simran</a> and selfless service (<a href="/wiki/Sev%C4%81" title="Sevā">Sevā</a>). Jains, too, place high regard in prayers and meditation. </p><p>Sikhs reject the caste system and promote social and gender equality, as the soul is the same for both men and women. All are equal in the eyes of God. God is accessible without priests or a middle person. Sikhs and Jains, like Hindus, are expected to be tolerant of all faiths and do not believe that any one path has a monopoly on the Truth. There are many paths to seek out the Love of God and incur <a href="/wiki/Divine_Grace" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Grace">Divine Grace</a>. In fact to call another's path inferior is a sign of ignorance and intolerance. Both personal devotion and communal prayers are a part of Sikh's way of life. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_and_War">Politics and War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jainism_and_Sikhism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Politics and War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Jain Dharma states that one must be completely differentiated from worldly objects like politics and war and that these should be avoided. No joining the army and no killing of any sort, unless it is absolutely necessary. One incident from the Rajasthan State of India shows a Jain praying in the midst of a war and when asked about the meaning of praying while simultaneously killing, he replied, "The killing is for the protection of the state. The prayer is for the protection of the soul." Jainism permits participation in wars, but only for self defence. Starting a war is considered a sin. This is the reason that all the <a href="/wiki/Tirthankara" title="Tirthankara">Tirthankaras</a> were princes of kingdoms and is symbolic that politics has no meaning. </p><p>The 27th Hukam of Guru Gobind Singh Ji states- Maintain independent rule. "In the affairs of governing, do not give the power of religious authority to others, bow your head to the Khalsa and no other state" like the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Afghans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, etc. The 30th Hukam of Guru Gobind Singh Ji states- "Train in the skills of weaponry and horsemanship" this reiterates the fact that each Khalsa is a fauj or army, if an oppressor is killing others the Khalsa are like policeman and will fight them. Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji fought against <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jehangir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Shah-I-Shenshah Guru Gobind Singh Ji</a> fought against <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Azam_Shah" title="Muhammad Azam Shah">Muhammad Azam Shah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wazir_Khan_(Sirhind)" title="Wazir Khan (Sirhind)">Wazir Khan</a> of Sirhind who oppressed innocents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concept_of_God">Concept of God</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jainism_and_Sikhism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Concept of God"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/God_in_Jainism" title="God in Jainism">God in Jainism</a> and <a href="/wiki/God_in_Sikhism" title="God in Sikhism">God in Sikhism</a></div> <p>Jains do not believe in the concept of a <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> head responsible for the manifestation of the <a href="/wiki/Creationism" title="Creationism">Creation</a>. They believe the universe is eternal, without beginning or end, and that all happens in an autonomous fashion with no necessity of a coordinator/God. </p><p>Sikhism is a <a href="/wiki/Monotheistic_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotheistic religion">monotheistic religion</a>, believing in the singular power of the Formless Creator God, <a href="/wiki/Ik_Onkaar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ik Onkaar">Ik Onkaar</a>, without a parallel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Customs">Customs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jainism_and_Sikhism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 18th century, there were a number of attempts to prepare an accurate portrayal of Sikh customs. Sikh scholars and theologians started in 1931 to prepare the Reht Maryada—the Sikh code of conduct and conventions. This has successfully achieved a high level of uniformity in the religious and social practices of Sikhism throughout the world. It contains 27 articles. Article 1 defines who is a Sikh: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Any human being who faithfully believes in: </p><ul><li>One Immortal Being,</li> <li>Ten Gurus, from Guru Nanak Dev to Guru Gobind Singh,</li> <li>The Guru Granth Sahib,</li> <li>The utterances and teachings of the ten Gurus and the baptism bequeathed by the tenth Guru, and who does not owe allegiance to any other religion, is a Sikh.</li></ul></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">Fasting</a> is an accepted practice for the Jains. A Sikh will eat to partially satisfy the hunger at all times. </p><p>Where the Guru Granth Sahib is present, that place becomes a Gurdwara. The focal point of worship in a Gurdwara (the gateway to God) is the eternal teachings of Guru Granth Sahib -the Shabad (Word) Guru. </p><p>Jains exhibit the statues of their Tirthankaras in their temples. Special shrines in residences or in public temples include images of the Tirthankaras, who are not worshiped but remembered and revered; other shrines house images of deities who are more properly invoked to intercede with worldly problems. Daily rituals may include meditation and bathing; bathing the images; offering food, flowers, and lighted lamps for the images; and reciting mantras in Ardhamagadhi, an ancient language of northeast India related to Sanskrit. </p><p>Jainism express non violence in thought, word and action. Sikhism seeks peace; when all other means have been exhausted then they find it justifiable to draw the sword against oppression and injustice. Jains believe a peaceful way can always be found, perhaps sometimes after tremendous effort. War or violence against humans or animals is never justified. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karma_and_salvation">Karma and salvation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jainism_and_Sikhism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Karma and salvation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Karma_in_Jainism" title="Karma in Jainism">Karma in Jainism</a></div> <p>Both Jains and Sikhs believe in the <a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a> theory and re-incarnation of the soul. </p><p>Salvation for a Sikh is attained through the Divine Grace and Will of Waheguru (God) and through good deeds in one's life and the selfless service of Sewa and charity. Jains too believe in personal effort and aims and do not depend on a heavenly being for assistance. Both believe in the conquest of the mind through control of the passions through the five senses as the path to ending the cycle of sufferance of birth and death. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jainism_and_Sikhism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khanda.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Sikh ☬ made out of three weapons the Khanda Kirpan and Chakram."><img alt="The Sikh ☬ made out of three weapons the Khanda Kirpan and Chakram." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/97px-Khanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/146px-Khanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/194px-Khanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="632" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Sikh ☬ made out of three weapons the Khanda Kirpan and Chakram.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ekonkar.normal.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The Sikh Ik Onkar meaning God is one"><img alt="The Sikh Ik Onkar meaning God is one" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Ekonkar.normal.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Sikh <a href="/wiki/Ik_Onkar" title="Ik Onkar">Ik Onkar</a> meaning God is one</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikh_flag.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sikh Nishan Sahib made out of three weapons, the Kirpan, Dhal and Katar used by Guru Gobind Singh Ji"><img alt="Sikh Nishan Sahib made out of three weapons, the Kirpan, Dhal and Katar used by Guru Gobind Singh Ji" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sikh_flag.jpg/120px-Sikh_flag.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sikh_flag.jpg/180px-Sikh_flag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sikh_flag.jpg/240px-Sikh_flag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="496" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikh</a> <a href="/wiki/Nishan_Sahib" title="Nishan Sahib">Nishan Sahib</a> made out of three weapons, the <a href="/wiki/Kirpan" title="Kirpan">Kirpan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhal_(shield)" title="Dhal (shield)">Dhal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Katar_(dagger)" title="Katar (dagger)">Katar</a> used by Guru Gobind Singh Ji</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jain-swastika.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Swastika"><img alt="Swastika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Jain-swastika.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Swastika</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Om_ja%C3%AFn_black.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jain Om"><img alt="Jain Om" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Om_ja%C3%AFn_black.svg/96px-Om_ja%C3%AFn_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Om_ja%C3%AFn_black.svg/144px-Om_ja%C3%AFn_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Om_ja%C3%AFn_black.svg/193px-Om_ja%C3%AFn_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="167" data-file-height="208" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jain Om</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:In-jain.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="The Jain flag with the Swastika"><img alt="The Jain flag with the Swastika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/In-jain.gif/120px-In-jain.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/In-jain.gif/180px-In-jain.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/In-jain.gif/240px-In-jain.gif 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="217" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Jain_flag" title="Jain flag">Jain flag</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">Swastika</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jainism_and_Sikhism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_and_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jainism and Hinduism">Jainism and Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_and_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikhism and Hinduism">Sikhism and Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Sikhism" title="Islam and Sikhism">Islam and Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Jainism" title="Islam and Jainism">Islam and Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jainism_and_Sikhism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFQureshi2016" class="citation web cs1">Qureshi, Tania (11 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230206043423/http://archive.pakistantoday.com.pk/2016/12/11/city-of-sikh-heritage-gujranwala/">"City of Sikh heritage — Gujranwala"</a>. <i>Pakistan Today</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.pakistantoday.com.pk/2016/12/11/city-of-sikh-heritage-gujranwala/">the original</a> on 6 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pakistan+Today&rft.atitle=City+of+Sikh+heritage+%E2%80%94+Gujranwala&rft.date=2016-12-11&rft.aulast=Qureshi&rft.aufirst=Tania&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.pakistantoday.com.pk%2F2016%2F12%2F11%2Fcity-of-sikh-heritage-gujranwala%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJainism+and+Sikhism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButt2019" class="citation web cs1">Butt, Muhammad Azam (29 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/590240-historical-places-a-picture-of-neglect-in-gujranwala">"Historical places a picture of neglect in Gujranwala"</a>. <i>The News International, Pakistan</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+News+International%2C+Pakistan&rft.atitle=Historical+places+a+picture+of+neglect+in+Gujranwala&rft.date=2019-12-29&rft.aulast=Butt&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Azam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenews.com.pk%2Fprint%2F590240-historical-places-a-picture-of-neglect-in-gujranwala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJainism+and+Sikhism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOmer2019" class="citation web cs1">Omer, Shahab (27 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.pakistantoday.com.pk/2019/05/27/samadhi-of-atmaram-ji-declared-as-declared-as-special-premises/">"Samadhi of Atmaram Ji declared as 'special premises'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Pakistan Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2023</span>. <q>They said that this place was also mentioned as the Samadhi of Charat Singh by some people and it got viral on social media which had ignited the Jain community. 'With the protection of the place we also feel that the true spirit and history of this place should be highlighted and it should be turned into a religious site for Jain followers,' said the sources.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pakistan+Today&rft.atitle=Samadhi+of+Atmaram+Ji+declared+as+%27special+premises%27&rft.date=2019-05-27&rft.aulast=Omer&rft.aufirst=Shahab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.pakistantoday.com.pk%2F2019%2F05%2F27%2Fsamadhi-of-atmaram-ji-declared-as-declared-as-special-premises%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJainism+and+Sikhism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuri1961" class="citation book cs1">Suri, Lala Sohan Lal (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/displayPage.jsp?ID=2892&page=1&CategoryID=1&Searched=W3GX&sbtsro=1&viewall=1"><i>Umdat-ut-Tawarikh - An Outstanding Original Source of Panjab History - Chronicle of the Reign of Maharaj Ranjit Singh, 1831-1839 A.D., by Lala Sohan Lal Suri - Vakil at the Court of Lahore - Translated from Persian by V.S. Suri</i></a>. Translated by Suri, Vidya Sagar. S. Chand. p. 533.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Umdat-ut-Tawarikh+-+An+Outstanding+Original+Source+of+Panjab+History+-+Chronicle+of+the+Reign+of+Maharaj+Ranjit+Singh%2C+1831-1839+A.D.%2C+by+Lala+Sohan+Lal+Suri+-+Vakil+at+the+Court+of+Lahore+-+Translated+from+Persian+by+V.S.+Suri&rft.pages=533&rft.pub=S.+Chand&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Suri&rft.aufirst=Lala+Sohan+Lal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panjabdigilib.org%2Fwebuser%2Fsearches%2FdisplayPage.jsp%3FID%3D2892%26page%3D1%26CategoryID%3D1%26Searched%3DW3GX%26sbtsro%3D1%26viewall%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJainism+and+Sikhism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KS-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KS_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KS_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KS_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhushwant_Singh2009" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Khushwant_Singh" title="Khushwant Singh">Khushwant Singh</a> (7 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101231060533/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1091107/jsp/opinion/story_11704316.jsp">"An Ancient Brotherhood"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Telegraph_(Kolkata)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Telegraph (Kolkata)">The Telegraph</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1091107/jsp/opinion/story_11704316.jsp">the original</a> on 31 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=An+Ancient+Brotherhood&rft.date=2009-11-07&rft.au=Khushwant+Singh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1091107%2Fjsp%2Fopinion%2Fstory_11704316.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJainism+and+Sikhism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Sikh Identity: An Exploration of Groups Among Sikhs" by Opinderjit Kaur Takhar, pg. 51, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-5202-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7546-5202-5">0-7546-5202-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zppykqt/revision/6">"What does this mean in practice? - Animal rights - GCSE Religious Studies Revision"</a>. <i>BBC Bitesize</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Bitesize&rft.atitle=What+does+this+mean+in+practice%3F+-+Animal+rights+-+GCSE+Religious+Studies+Revision&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fbitesize%2Fguides%2Fzppykqt%2Frevision%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJainism+and+Sikhism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211220233209/http://www.waht.nhs.uk/en-GB/NHS-Mobile/Our-Services/?depth=4&srcid=2008#:~:text=Diet,made%20from%20non%20animal%20rennet.">"Archived copy"</a>. <i>www.waht.nhs.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waht.nhs.uk/en-GB/NHS-Mobile/Our-Services/?depth=4&srcid=2008#:~:text=Diet,made%20from%20non%20animal%20rennet.">the original</a> on 20 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.waht.nhs.uk&rft.atitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waht.nhs.uk%2Fen-GB%2FNHS-Mobile%2FOur-Services%2F%3Fdepth%3D4%26srcid%3D2008%23%3A~%3Atext%3DDiet%2Cmade%2520from%2520non%2520animal%2520rennet.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJainism+and+Sikhism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srigranth.org/servlet/gurbani.gurbani?Action=Page&Param=1290&g=1&h=1&r=1&t=1&p=0&k=0">"Sri Guru Granth Sahib"</a>. Sri Granth<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sri+Guru+Granth+Sahib&rft.pub=Sri+Granth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.srigranth.org%2Fservlet%2Fgurbani.gurbani%3FAction%3DPage%26Param%3D1290%26g%3D1%26h%3D1%26r%3D1%26t%3D1%26p%3D0%26k%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJainism+and+Sikhism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sikhs.org/relig_j.htm">"Sikhism Religion of the Sikh People"</a>. Sikhs.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sikhism+Religion+of+the+Sikh+People&rft.pub=Sikhs.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sikhs.org%2Frelig_j.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJainism+and+Sikhism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.srigranth.org">http://www.srigranth.org</a> - Guru Nanak, Slok, pg. 149- <i>They have their heads plucked, drink dirty water and repeatedly beg and eat other's leavings. They spread out ordure, with their mouths, suck its ordure and dread to look at water. With hands smeared with ashes, they have their heads plucked like sheep. The daily routine of their mothers and fathers they give up, and their kith and kin bewail loudly. For them none gives barley rolls and food on leaves, nor performs last rites, nor lights earthen lamp. After death where shall they be cast? The sixty-eight places of pilgrimage grant them no refuge, and Pandits eat not their food. They ever remain filthy day and night, and bear not sacrificial marks on their brow. They ever sit in groups, as if mourning and go not into the True Court. With begging bowls slung round their loins and a clew in their hands, they walk in single file. They are neither disciples of Gorakh nor adorers of Shiva, nor Muslim Qazis and Mullah's.</i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090524160900/http://www.sikhcouncilusa.org/page.aspx?tabname=Sikhism">"<i>Sikhism rejects asceticism and encourages full participation in family and workday life and responsibility as the framework within which to seek God</i>"</a>. Sikhcouncilusa.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sikhcouncilusa.org/page.aspx?tabname=Sikhism">the original</a> on 24 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sikhism+rejects+asceticism+and+encourages+full+participation+in+family+and+workday+life+and+responsibility+as+the+framework+within+which+to+seek+God&rft.pub=Sikhcouncilusa.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sikhcouncilusa.org%2Fpage.aspx%3Ftabname%3DSikhism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJainism+and+Sikhism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/introduction/introduction-to-sikhism.html">- <i><b>Sikhism</b> rejects idolatry, the caste system, ritualism, and asceticism</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090410185607/http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/introduction/introduction-to-sikhism.html">Archived</a> 10 April 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190707220525/http://www.sikhs.org/guru1.htm">"Sikhism Religion of the Sikh People"</a>. Sikhs.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sikhs.org/guru1.htm">the original</a> on 7 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sikhism+Religion+of+the+Sikh+People&rft.pub=Sikhs.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sikhs.org%2Fguru1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJainism+and+Sikhism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/In-jain-o.svg/30px-In-jain-o.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/In-jain-o.svg/40px-In-jain-o.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="217" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism topics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/God_in_Jainism" title="God in Jainism">Gods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirthankara" title="Tirthankara">Tirthankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganadhara" title="Ganadhara">Ganadhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arihant_(Jainism)" title="Arihant (Jainism)">Arihant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jain_philosophy" title="Jain philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Vows" title="Five Vows">Five Vows</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa_in_Jainism" title="Ahimsa in Jainism">Ahimsa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_epistemology" title="Jain epistemology">Epistemology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kevala_Jnana" class="mw-redirect" title="Kevala Jnana">Kevala Jñāna</a></li></ul></li> <li>Jaina logic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anekantavada" title="Anekantavada">Anekāntavāda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_cosmology" title="Jain cosmology">Jain cosmology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siddhashila" title="Siddhashila">Siddhashila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naraka_(Jainism)" title="Naraka (Jainism)">Naraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Jainism)" title="Deva (Jainism)">Heavenly beings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_in_Jainism" title="Karma in Jainism">Karma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_Karma_(Jainism)" title="Types of Karma (Jainism)">Types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_karma_in_Jainism" title="Causes of karma in Jainism">Causes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunasthana" title="Gunasthana">Gunasthana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravya" title="Dravya">Dravya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%ABva_(Jainism)" title="Jīva (Jainism)">Jīva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajiva" title="Ajiva">Ajiva</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pudgala" title="Pudgala">Pudgala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_(Jainism)" title="Dharma (Jainism)">Dharma</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattva_(Jainism)" title="Tattva (Jainism)">Tattva</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asrava" title="Asrava">Asrava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandha_(Jainism)" title="Bandha (Jainism)">Bandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samvara" title="Samvara">Samvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirjara" title="Nirjara">Nirjara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha_(Jainism)" title="Moksha (Jainism)"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Mokṣa</i></span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_in_Jainism" title="Death in Jainism">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra_(Jainism)" title="Saṃsāra (Jainism)">Saṃsāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnatraya" title="Ratnatraya">Ratnatraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashaya_(Jainism)" title="Kashaya (Jainism)">Kashaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jain_schools_and_branches" title="Jain schools and branches">Branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digambara" title="Digambara">Digambara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mula_Sangha" class="mw-redirect" title="Mula Sangha">Mula Sangha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balatkara_Gana" title="Balatkara Gana">Balatkara Gana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashtha_Sangha" title="Kashtha Sangha">Kashtha Sangha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taran_Panth" title="Taran Panth">Taran Panth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bispanthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bispanthi">Bispanthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digambara_Terapanth" title="Digambara Terapanth">Terapanth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yapaniya" class="mw-redirect" title="Yapaniya">Yapaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji_Panth" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanji Panth">Kanji Panth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murtipujaka" title="Murtipujaka">Murtipujaka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaccha" title="Gaccha">Gaccha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kharatara_Gaccha" title="Kharatara Gaccha">Kharatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapa_Gaccha" title="Tapa Gaccha">Tapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristutik_Gaccha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tristutik Gaccha">Tristutik</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sth%C4%81nakav%C4%81s%C4%AB" title="Sthānakavāsī">Sthānakavāsī</a></li> <li>Terapanth</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sallekhana" title="Sallekhana">Sallekhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_meditation" title="Jain meditation">Meditation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81m%C4%81yika" title="Sāmāyika">Sāmāyika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_monasticism" title="Jain monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_in_Jainism" title="Fasting in Jainism">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_rituals" title="Jain rituals">Rituals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_festivals" title="Jain festivals">Festivals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paryushana" title="Paryushana">Paryushana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshamavani" title="Kshamavani">Kshamavani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahamastakabhisheka" title="Mahamastakabhisheka">Mahamastakabhisheka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upadhan" title="Upadhan">Upadhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratikramana" title="Pratikramana">Pratikramana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jain_literature" title="Jain literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jain_Scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain Scriptures">Agama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravachanasara" title="Pravachanasara">Pravachanasara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatkhandagama" class="mw-redirect" title="Shatkhandagama">Shatkhandagama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasayapahuda" title="Kasayapahuda">Kasayapahuda</a></li> <li>Mantra <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Namokar_Mantra" title="Namokar Mantra">Namokar Mantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktamara_Stotra" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhaktamara Stotra">Bhaktamara Stotra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattvartha_Sutra" title="Tattvartha Sutra">Tattvartha Sutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samayas%C4%81ra" title="Samayasāra">Samayasāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aptamimamsa" title="Aptamimamsa">Aptamimamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_S%C5%ABtra" title="Kalpa Sūtra">Kalpa Sūtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttaradhyayana" title="Uttaradhyayana">Uttaradhyayana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jain_symbols" title="Jain symbols">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jain_flag" title="Jain flag">Jain flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhachakra" title="Siddhachakra">Siddhachakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtamangala" title="Ashtamangala">Ashtamangala</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shrivatsa" title="Shrivatsa">Shrivatsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandavarta" title="Nandavarta">Nandavarta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auspicious_dreams_in_Jainism" title="Auspicious dreams in Jainism">Auspicious dreams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">Swastika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Ascetics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digambara_monk" title="Digambara monk">Digambara monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryika" title="Aryika">Aryika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshullak" title="Kshullak">Kshullak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattavali" title="Pattavali">Pattavali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acharya_(Jainism)" title="Acharya (Jainism)">Acharya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nalini_Balbir" title="Nalini Balbir">Nalini Balbir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colette_Caillat" title="Colette Caillat">Colette Caillat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandabai" title="Chandabai">Chandabai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Cort" title="John E. Cort">John E. Cort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dundas" title="Paul Dundas">Paul Dundas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virchand_Gandhi" title="Virchand Gandhi">Virchand Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Jacobi" title="Hermann Jacobi">Hermann Jacobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champat_Rai_Jain" title="Champat Rai Jain">Champat Rai Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmanabh_Jaini" title="Padmanabh Jaini">Padmanabh Jaini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffery_D._Long" title="Jeffery D. Long">Jeffery D. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampan%C4%81" title="Hampanā">Hampa Nagarajaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Patil" title="Bal Patil">Bal Patil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinendra_Varni" title="Jinendra Varni">Jinendra Varni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jain_communities" title="Jain communities">Community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ar%C4%81vaka_(Jainism)" title="Śrāvaka (Jainism)">Śrāvaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarak" title="Sarak">Sarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Jain" title="Tamil Jain">Tamil</a></li> <li>Organisations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digambar_Jain_Mahasabha" title="Digambar Jain Mahasabha">Digambar Jain Mahasabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwa_Jain_Sangathan" title="Vishwa Jain Sangathan">Vishwa Jain Sangathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAINA" title="JAINA">JAINA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Jainism in</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_India" title="Jainism in India">India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Bundelkhand" title="Jainism in Bundelkhand">Bundelkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Delhi" title="Jainism in Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Goa" title="Jainism in Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Gujarat" title="Jainism in Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Haryana" title="Jainism in Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Karnataka" title="Jainism in Karnataka">Karnataka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_North_Karnataka" title="Jainism in North Karnataka">North</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Kerala" title="Jainism in Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Maharashtra" title="Jainism in Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Mumbai" title="Jainism in Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Rajasthan" title="Jainism in Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="Jainism in Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Jainism in Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Overseas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Africa" title="Jainism in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Australia" title="Jainism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Belgium" title="Jainism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Canada" title="Jainism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Europe" title="Jainism in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Jainism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Japan" title="Jainism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Pakistan" title="Jainism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Singapore" title="Jainism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Jainism in Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_the_United_States" title="Jainism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Jainism and</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Jainism" title="Buddhism and Jainism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_and_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jainism and Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Jainism" title="Islam and Jainism">Islam</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_and_non-creationism" title="Jainism and non-creationism">Non-creationism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Dynasties and empires</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_dynasty" title="Western Ganga dynasty">Ganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_dynasty" title="Solar dynasty">Ikshvaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_dynasty" title="Kadamba dynasty">Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_(historical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinga (historical region)">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandya_dynasty" title="Pandya dynasty">Pandya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakuta dynasty">Rashtrakuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santara_dynasty" title="Santara dynasty">Santara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jainism" title="History of Jainism">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jainism" title="Timeline of Jainism">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekendriya" title="Ekendriya">Ekendriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%B1ca-Parame%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%ADhi" title="Pañca-Parameṣṭhi">Pañca-Parameṣṭhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratima_(Jainism)" title="Pratima (Jainism)">Pratima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salakapurusa" class="mw-redirect" title="Salakapurusa">Śalākāpuruṣa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirtha_(Jainism)" title="Tirtha (Jainism)">Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samavasarana" title="Samavasarana">Samavasarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vira_Nirvana_Samvat" title="Vira Nirvana Samvat">Jain calendar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samvatsari" title="Samvatsari">Samvatsari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panch_Kalyanaka" title="Panch Kalyanaka">Panch Kalyanaka</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Ahimsa" title="Statue of Ahimsa">Statue of Ahimsa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_temple" title="Jain temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_stupa" title="Jain stupa">Stupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_sculpture" title="Jain sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_art" title="Jain art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_law" title="Jain law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigoda" title="Nigoda">Nigoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_terms_and_concepts" title="Jain terms and concepts">Jain terms and concepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_differences_in_Jainism" title="Sexual differences in Jainism">Sexual differences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jains" title="List of Jains">List of Jains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jain_temples" title="List of Jain temples">List of Jain temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jain_monks" title="List of Jain monks">List of Jain ascetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Digambar_Jain_ascetics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Digambar Jain ascetics">List of Digambar Jain ascetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Jainism-related_articles" title="Index of Jainism-related articles">Topics List (index)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F5DEB3;;width:1%">Navboxes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Jain_Gods" title="Template:Jain Gods">Gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Jain_Agamas" title="Template:Jain Agamas">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Jain_Gurus" title="Template:Jain Gurus">Monks & nuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_Jain_writers" title="Template:Modern Jain writers">Scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Jain_temples" title="Template:Jain temples">Temples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Jain_temples_in_North_America" title="Template:Jain temples in North America">America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Jain_centres_in_West_Bengal" title="Template:Jain centres in West Bengal">Bengal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #F5DEB3;"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/31px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/47px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/62px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sikhism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC600"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sikhism" title="Template:Sikhism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sikhism" title="Template talk:Sikhism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sikhism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sikhism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sikhism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC600;font-weight:bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Sikhism" title="Glossary of Sikhism">Glossary</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Sikhism" title="History of Sikhism">History</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_gurus" title="Sikh gurus">Gurus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Angad" title="Guru Angad">Guru Angad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Amar_Das" title="Guru Amar Das">Guru Amar Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Ram_Das" title="Guru Ram Das">Guru Ram Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Arjan" title="Guru Arjan">Guru Arjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Hargobind" title="Guru Hargobind">Guru Hargobind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Rai" title="Guru Har Rai">Guru Har Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Krishan" title="Guru Har Krishan">Guru Har Krishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Tegh_Bahadur" title="Guru Tegh Bahadur">Guru Tegh Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a> (Sikh holy book)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh philosophy">Beliefs and principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Maneyo_Granth" title="Guru Maneyo Granth">Guru Maneyo Granth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Rehat_Maryada" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh Rehat Maryada">Sikh Rehat Maryada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_52_Hukams_of_Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="The 52 Hukams of Guru Gobind Singh">The 52 Hukams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibitions_in_Sikhism" title="Prohibitions in Sikhism">Prohibitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_Sikhism" title="Cannabis and Sikhism">Cannabis and Sikhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Sikhism" title="Diet in Sikhism">Diet in Sikhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_practices" title="Category:Sikh practices">Practices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_practices" title="Sikh practices">Sikh practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_rites" title="Sikh rites">Sikh rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard%C4%81s" title="Ardās">Ardās</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kirtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langar_(Sikhism)" title="Langar (Sikhism)">Langar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naam_Karan" title="Naam Karan">Naam Karan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Karaj" title="Anand Karaj">Anand Karaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Sanchar" class="mw-redirect" title="Amrit Sanchar">Amrit Sanchar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Vel%C4%81" title="Amrit Velā">Amrit Velā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antam_Sanskar" title="Antam Sanskar">Antam Sanskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_pillars_of_Sikhism" title="Three pillars of Sikhism">Three Pillars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Karo" title="Kirat Karo">Kirat Karo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naam_Japo" title="Naam Japo">Naam Japo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vand_Chhako" title="Vand Chhako">Vand Chhako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Five_Ks" class="mw-redirect" title="The Five Ks">The Five Ks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simran" title="Simran">Simran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seva_(Indian_religions)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seva (Indian religions)">Sewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charhdi_Kala" class="mw-redirect" title="Charhdi Kala">Charhdi Kala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasvand" class="mw-redirect" title="Dasvand">Dasvand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhatka" title="Jhatka">Jhatka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_scripture" title="Category:Sikh scripture">Scripture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasam_Granth" title="Dasam Granth">Dasam Granth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarbloh_Granth" title="Sarbloh Granth">Sarbloh Granth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurbani" title="Gurbani">Gurbani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mul_Mantar" title="Mul Mantar">Mul Mantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japji_Sahib" title="Japji Sahib">Japji Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaupai_(Sikhism)" title="Chaupai (Sikhism)">Chaupai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaap_Sahib" title="Jaap Sahib">Jaap Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehras" title="Rehras">Rehras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhmani_Sahib" title="Sukhmani Sahib">Sukhmani Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tav-Prasad_Savaiye" class="mw-redirect" title="Tav-Prasad Savaiye">Tav-Prasad Savaiye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_architecture" title="Sikh architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">Gurdwara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Temple" title="Golden Temple">Harmandir Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Janam_Asthan" title="Gurdwara Janam Asthan">Janam Asthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Darbar_Sahib_Kartarpur" title="Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur">Darbar Sahib Kartarpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gurdwaras" title="List of gurdwaras">List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gurdwaras#Africa" title="List of gurdwaras">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gurdwaras#Asia" title="List of gurdwaras">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gurdwaras#Europe" title="List of gurdwaras">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gurdwaras#North_America" title="List of gurdwaras">North America</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadurgarh_Fort" title="Bahadurgarh Fort">Bahadurgarh Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fateh_Burj" title="Fateh Burj">Fateh Burj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazuri_Bagh_Baradari" title="Hazuri Bagh Baradari">Hazuri Bagh Baradari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesgarh_Qila" class="mw-redirect" title="Kesgarh Qila">Kesgarh Qila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanda_museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanda museum">Khanda museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moti_Bagh_Palace" title="Moti Bagh Palace">Moti Bagh Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanak_Shahi_bricks" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanak Shahi bricks">Nanak Shahi bricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pul_Kanjri" title="Pul Kanjri">Pul Kanjri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qila_Mubarak,_Patiala" title="Qila Mubarak, Patiala">Qila Mubarak, Patiala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramgarhia_Bunga" title="Ramgarhia Bunga">Ramgarhia Bunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh" title="Samadhi of Ranjit Singh">Samadhi of Ranjit Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_of_Dina_Nath" title="Well of Dina Nath">Well of Dina Nath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_by_country" title="Sikhism by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_diaspora" title="Sikh diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Afghanistan" title="Sikhism in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Australia" title="Sikhism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Austria" title="Sikhism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Bangladesh" title="Sikhism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Belgium" title="Sikhism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Canada" title="Sikhism in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Greater_Vancouver" title="Sikhism in Greater Vancouver">Vancouver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_China" title="Sikhism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Denmark" title="Sikhism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Fiji" title="Sikhism in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Finland" title="Sikhism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_France" title="Sikhism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Germany" title="Sikhism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Greece" title="Sikhism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_India" title="Sikhism in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Sikhism in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Sikhs" title="Cochin Sikhs">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Punjab,_India#Sikhism_in_Punjab" title="Demographics of Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Indonesia" title="Sikhism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Iran" title="Sikhism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Iraq" title="Sikhism in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Italy" title="Sikhism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Japan" title="Sikhism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Malaysia" title="Sikhism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Nepal" title="Sikhism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Sikhism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_New_Zealand" title="Sikhism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikhism in Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Norway" title="Sikhism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Pakistan" title="Sikhism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Panama" title="Sikhism in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Poland" title="Sikhism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Singapore" title="Sikhism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_South_Africa" title="Sikhism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_South_Korea" title="Sikhism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Sweden" title="Sikhism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Switzerland" title="Sikhism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Thailand" title="Sikhism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Sikhism in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Sikhism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_England" title="Sikhism in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Scotland" title="Sikhism in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Wales" title="Sikhism in Wales">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Sikhism in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_States" title="Sikhism in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikhs_in_the_United_States_military" title="Sikhs in the United States military">U.S. Military</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Groups, sects<br />and communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sects_of_Sikhism" title="Sects of Sikhism">Sects of Sikhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mina_(Sikhism)" title="Mina (Sikhism)">Mina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdhari" title="Namdhari">Namdhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanakpanthi" title="Nanakpanthi">Nanakpanthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihang" title="Nihang">Nihang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirankari" title="Nirankari">Nirankari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewapanthi" title="Sewapanthi">Sewapanthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_(sect)" title="Nirmala (sect)">Nirmala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramraiya" title="Ramraiya">Ramraiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udasi" title="Udasi">Udasi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhabi_Sikh" title="Mazhabi Sikh">Mazhabi Sikh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piara_Singh_Bhaniara" title="Piara Singh Bhaniara">Piara Singh Bhaniara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrahari_Sikh" title="Agrahari Sikh">Agrahari Sikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatha" title="Jatha">Jatha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damdami_Taksal" title="Damdami Taksal">Damdami Taksal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhand_Kirtani_Jatha" title="Akhand Kirtani Jatha">Akhand Kirtani Jatha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singh_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Singh Sabha">Singh Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Sant_Mat_movements" title="Contemporary Sant Mat movements">Contemporary Sant Mat movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3HO" title="3HO">3HO</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sikh_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC600"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sikh_Empire" title="Template:Sikh Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sikh_Empire" title="Template talk:Sikh Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sikh_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sikh Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sikh_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Rulers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh" title="Ranjit Singh">Ranjit Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharak_Singh" title="Kharak Singh">Kharak Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nau_Nihal_Singh" title="Nau Nihal Singh">Nau Nihal Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chand_Kaur" title="Chand Kaur">Chand Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Singh" title="Sher Singh">Sher Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jind_Kaur" title="Jind Kaur">Jind Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duleep_Singh" title="Duleep Singh">Duleep Singh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Military<br />conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mughal-Sikh_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal-Sikh Wars">Mughal-Sikh Wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bhangani" title="Battle of Bhangani">Battle of Bhangani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nadaun" title="Battle of Nadaun">Nadaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basoli" title="Battle of Basoli">Basoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Anandpur" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Anandpur">1st Anandpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Anandpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Anandpur">2nd Anandpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chamkaur_(1704)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Chamkaur (1704)">Chamkaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarsa" title="Battle of Sarsa">Sarsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muktsar" title="Battle of Muktsar">Muktsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sonepat" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sonepat">Sonepat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samana" title="Battle of Samana">Samana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sirhind" title="Siege of Sirhind">Sirhind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sadhaura" title="Battle of Sadhaura">Sadhaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chappar_Chiri" title="Battle of Chappar Chiri">Chappar Chiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rahon_(1710)" title="Battle of Rahon (1710)">Rahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lohgarh" title="Battle of Lohgarh">Lohgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jalalabad_(1710)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jalalabad (1710)">Jalalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jammu" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jammu">Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gurdas_Nangal" title="Battle of Gurdas Nangal">Gurdas Nangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delhi_(1783)" title="Battle of Delhi (1783)">Delhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afghan%E2%80%93Sikh_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan–Sikh wars">Afghan–Sikh wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Attock" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Attock">Battle of Attock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Multan" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Multan">Battle of Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shopian" title="Battle of Shopian">Battle of Shopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nowshera" title="Battle of Nowshera">Battle of Nowshera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peshawar_(1834)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Peshawar (1834)">Battle of Peshawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jamrud" title="Battle of Jamrud">Battle of Jamrud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mudki" title="Battle of Mudki">Battle of Mudki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ferozeshah" title="Battle of Ferozeshah">Battle of Ferozeshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aliwal" title="Battle of Aliwal">Battle of Aliwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sobraon" title="Battle of Sobraon">Battle of Sobraon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramnagar" title="Battle of Ramnagar">Battle of Ramnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chillianwala" title="Battle of Chillianwala">Battle of Chillianwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Multan_(1848%E2%80%931849)" title="Siege of Multan (1848–1849)">Siege of Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gujrat" title="Battle of Gujrat">Battle of Gujrat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nepal%E2%80%93Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepal–Sikh War">Nepal–Sikh War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dogra%E2%80%93Tibetan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogra–Tibetan War">Sino-Sikh war</a>, Katoch–Sikh War, <a href="/wiki/Hill_States%E2%80%93Sikh_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill States–Sikh Wars">Hill States–Sikh Wars</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panchayati_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panchayati Revolution (page does not exist)">Panchayati Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_involving_the_Sikh_Empire" title="List of battles involving the Sikh Empire">List of battles involving the Sikh Empire</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Military forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Khalsa_Army" title="Sikh Khalsa Army">Sikh Khalsa Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauj-i-Khas" title="Fauj-i-Khas">Fauj-i-Khas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauj-i-Ain" title="Fauj-i-Ain">Fauj-i-Ain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampu-i-mu%27alla" title="Kampu-i-mu'alla">Kampu-i-mu'alla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Adversaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Emirate of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">British East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_States_of_India" title="Hill States of India">Hill States Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mankera" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Mankera">Kingdom of Mankera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namgyal_dynasty_of_Ladakh" title="Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh">Namgyal dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barakzai_dynasty" title="Barakzai dynasty">Barakzai dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhan" title="Sudhan">Sudhans</a> of Poonch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqpon_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqpon Dynasty">Maqpon Dynasty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamrud_Fort" title="Jamrud Fort">Jamrud Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multan_Fort" title="Multan Fort">Multan Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harkishangarh" class="mw-redirect" title="Harkishangarh">Harkishangarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorawar_Fort" title="Zorawar Fort">Zorawar Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahu_Fort" title="Bahu Fort">Bahu Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobindgarh_Fort" title="Gobindgarh Fort">Gobindgarh Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillaur_Fort" title="Phillaur Fort">Phillaur Fort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Officials and warriors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Natives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhian_Singh" title="Dhian Singh">Dhian Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Dina_Nath" title="Diwan Dina Nath">Diwan Dina Nath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Bhawani_Das" title="Diwan Bhawani Das">Diwan Bhawani Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Buta_Singh" title="Diwan Buta Singh">Diwan Buta Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratap_Singh_(Sikh_prince)" title="Pratap Singh (Sikh prince)">Pratap Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misr_Diwan_Chand" title="Misr Diwan Chand">Misr Diwan Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Mulraj_Chopra" title="Diwan Mulraj Chopra">Diwan Mulraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Singh_Nalwa" title="Hari Singh Nalwa">Hari Singh Nalwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahan_Singh_Mirpuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahan Singh Mirpuri">Mahan Singh Mirpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Mokham_Chand" title="Dewan Mokham Chand">Dewan Mokham Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushal_Singh_Jamadar" title="Khushal Singh Jamadar">Khushal Singh Jamadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorawar_Singh_(Dogra_general)" title="Zorawar Singh (Dogra general)">Zorawar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tej_Singh" title="Tej Singh">Tej Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Singh" title="Lal Singh">Lal Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulab_Singh" title="Gulab Singh">Gulab Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbhadra_Kunwar" title="Balbhadra Kunwar">Balbhadra Kunwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawahar_Singh_(wazir)" title="Jawahar Singh (wazir)">Jawahar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehta_Basti_Ram" title="Mehta Basti Ram">Mehta Basti Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sham_Singh_Attariwalla" class="mw-redirect" title="Sham Singh Attariwalla">Sham Singh Attariwalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Singh_Attariwalla" title="Sher Singh Attariwalla">Sher Singh Attariwalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattar_Singh_Attariwalla" title="Chattar Singh Attariwalla">Chattar Singh Attariwalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desa_Singh_Majithia" title="Desa Singh Majithia">Desa Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Singh_Majithia" title="Amar Singh Majithia">Amar Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehna_Singh_Majithia" title="Lehna Singh Majithia">Lehna Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjodh_Singh_Majithia" title="Ranjodh Singh Majithia">Ranjodh Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat_Singh" title="Surat Singh">Surat Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_Singh_Ramgarhia" title="Mangal Singh Ramgarhia">Mangal Singh Ramgarhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akali_Phula_Singh" title="Akali Phula Singh">Akali Phula Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandu_Lal" title="Chandu Lal">Chandu Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajit_Singh_Sandhawalia" title="Ajit Singh Sandhawalia">Ajit Singh Sandhawalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahan_Singh_Nakai" title="Kahan Singh Nakai">Kahan Singh Nakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangat_Singh_Saini" title="Sangat Singh Saini">Sangat Singh Saini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Hukma_Singh" title="Sardar Hukma Singh">Hukma Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veer_Singh_Dhillon" title="Veer Singh Dhillon">Veer Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarnail_Ghaus_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jarnail Ghaus Khan">Jarnail Ghaus Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilahi_Bakhsh" title="Ilahi Bakhsh">Ilahi Bakhsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakir_Azizuddin" title="Fakir Azizuddin">Fakir Azizuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Mahmud_Khan" title="Sultan Mahmud Khan">Sultan Mahmud Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Fateh_Khan_Tiwana" title="Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana">Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohan_Lal_Suri" title="Sohan Lal Suri">Sohan Lal Suri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moti_Ram" title="Moti Ram">Moti Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Ram_Dayal" title="Diwan Ram Dayal">Diwan Ram Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Kirpa_Ram" title="Diwan Kirpa Ram">Diwan Kirpa Ram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Foreigners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Allard" title="Jean-François Allard">Jean-François Allard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Ventura" title="Jean-Baptiste Ventura">Jean-Baptiste Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Auguste_Court" title="Claude Auguste Court">Claude Auguste Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Henri_Mouton" title="François Henri Mouton">François Henri Mouton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gardner_(soldier)" title="Alexander Gardner (soldier)">Alexander Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Avitabile" title="Paolo Avitabile">Paolo Avitabile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Harlan" title="Josiah Harlan">Josiah Harlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Martin_Honigberger" title="Johann Martin Honigberger">Johann Martin Honigberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lawrence_(Indian_Army_officer)" title="Henry Lawrence (Indian Army officer)">Henry Lawrence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Influential families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sandhawalia" title="Sandhawalia">Sandhawalia family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majithia_family" title="Majithia family">Majithia family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwana_family_of_Shahpur" title="Tiwana family of Shahpur">Tiwana family</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amritsar_(1809)" title="Treaty of Amritsar (1809)">Treaty of Amritsar (1809)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Treaty_(1838)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripartite Treaty (1838)">Tripartite Treaty (1838)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Chushul" title="Treaty of Chushul">Treaty of Chushul (1842)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lahore" title="Treaty of Lahore">Treaty of Lahore (1846)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amritsar_(1846)" title="Treaty of Amritsar (1846)">Treaty of Amritsar (1846)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa_Darbar_records" title="Khalsa Darbar records">Khalsa Darbar records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandi_Chhor_Divas" title="Bandi Chhor Divas">Bandi Chhor Divas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hola_Mohalla" title="Hola Mohalla">Hola Mohalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghi" title="Maghi">Maghi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mela_Maghi" title="Mela Maghi">Mela Maghi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhism" title="Category:Sikhism">Other topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sikhism" title="History of Sikhism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_culture" title="Sikh culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_art" title="Sikh art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_music" title="Sikh music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ik_Onkar" title="Ik Onkar">Ik Onkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waheguru" title="Waheguru">Waheguru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanda_(Sikh_symbol)" title="Khanda (Sikh symbol)">Khanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panj_Pyare" title="Panj Pyare">Panj Pyare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_Sikhism" title="Category:Films about Sikhism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_literature" title="Category:Sikh literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_music" title="Category:Sikh music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_names" title="Sikh names">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_places" title="Category:Sikh places">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_politics" title="Category:Sikh politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhs_in_the_British_Indian_Army" title="Sikhs in the British Indian Army">Sikhs in the British Indian Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11th_Sikh_Regiment" title="11th Sikh Regiment">11th Sikh Regiment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Regiment" title="Sikh Regiment">Sikh Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Light_Infantry" title="Sikh Light Infantry">Sikh Light Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fariduddin_Ganjshakar" class="mw-redirect" title="Fariduddin Ganjshakar">Fariduddin Ganjshakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar" title="Sardar">Sardar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dastar" title="Dastar">Dastar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharamyudh_(Sikhism)" title="Dharamyudh (Sikhism)">Dharamyudh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Sikhism" title="Islam and Sikhism">Islam</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Sikhism" title="Hinduism and Sikhism">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rama_in_Sikhism" title="Rama in Sikhism">Rama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhs" title="Category:Sikhs">Sikhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidassia" title="Ravidassia">Ravidassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Sikhism" title="Women in Sikhism">Women in Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_and_sexual_orientation" title="Sikhism and sexual orientation">Sikhism and sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_Sikhism" title="Category:Fiction about Sikhism">In Fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idolatry_in_Sikhism" title="Idolatry in Sikhism">Idolatry in Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Sikhism" title="Criticism of Sikhism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Punjab">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi language</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurmukhi script">Gurmukhī</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_trees_in_Sikhism" title="Sacred trees in Sikhism">Sacred trees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panj_Takht" title="Panj Takht">Takht</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akal_Takht" title="Akal Takht">Akal Takht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Damdama_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Damdama Sahib">Damdama Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Kesgarh_Sahib" title="Takht Kesgarh Sahib">Kesgarh Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazur_Sahib_Nanded" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazur Sahib Nanded">Hazur Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Patna_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Patna Sahib">Patna Sahib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC600;font-weight:bold;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span 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