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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zürich" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zürich"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Zürich</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zürich-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Berlin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Berlin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Berlin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Berlin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cologne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cologne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Cologne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cologne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_York" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_York"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>New York</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_York-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Paris</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Georgia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Georgia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Georgia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Georgia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yugoslavia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yugoslavia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Yugoslavia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yugoslavia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women_of_Dada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_of_Dada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Women of Dada</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Women_of_Dada-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Women of Dada subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Women_of_Dada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hannah_Höch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hannah_Höch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Hannah Höch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hannah_Höch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sophie_Taeuber-Arp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sophie_Taeuber-Arp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Sophie Taeuber-Arp</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sophie_Taeuber-Arp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mina_Loy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mina_Loy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Mina Loy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mina_Loy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Poetry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_techniques_developed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_techniques_developed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Art techniques developed</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Art_techniques_developed-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Art techniques developed subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Art_techniques_developed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Collage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Collage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cut-up_technique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cut-up_technique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Cut-up technique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cut-up_technique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Photomontage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photomontage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Photomontage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photomontage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assemblage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assemblage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Assemblage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assemblage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Readymades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Readymades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Readymades</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Readymades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Artists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Filmography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dada</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 86 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada%C3%AFsme" title="Dadaïsme – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dadaïsme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaismus" title="Dadaismus – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Dadaismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="دادية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دادية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada%C3%ADsmu" title="Dadaísmu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dadaísmu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizm" title="Dadaizm – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dadaizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="دادائیسم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دادائیسم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE" title="ডাডা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডাডা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada" title="Dada – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Dada" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Дадаізм – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дадаізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Дадаізм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дадаізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Дадаизъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дадаизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizam" title="Dadaizam – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dadaizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada" title="Dada – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dada" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaisme" title="Dadaisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dadaisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaismus" title="Dadaismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dadaismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada" title="Dada – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dada" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaisme" title="Dadaisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dadaisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaismus" title="Dadaismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dadaismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaism" title="Dadaism – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Dadaism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%8A%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ντανταϊσμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ντανταϊσμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada%C3%ADsmo" title="Dadaísmo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dadaísmo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaismo" title="Dadaismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dadaismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaismo" title="Dadaismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dadaismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="دادائیسم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دادائیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada" title="Dada – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dada" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada%C3%AFsme" title="Dadaïsme – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dadaïsme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadachas" title="Dadachas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dadachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada" title="Dada – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Dada" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada%C3%ADsmo" title="Dadaísmo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dadaísmo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%A6%98" title="다다이즘 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다다이즘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Դադաիզմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դադաիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="डाडावाद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डाडावाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizam" title="Dadaizam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dadaizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaismo" title="Dadaismo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Dadaismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaisme" title="Dadaisme – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dadaisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaismo" title="Dadaismo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Dadaismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaismo" title="Dadaismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dadaismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%93%D7%90" title="דאדא – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דאדא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaisme" title="Dadaisme – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Dadaisme" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="დადაიზმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დადაიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Дадаизм – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дадаизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizm" title="Dadaizm – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dadaizm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Дадаизм – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Дадаизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada" title="Dada – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Dada" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaisms" title="Dadaisms – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dadaisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizmas" title="Dadaizmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dadaizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizmus" title="Dadaizmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dadaizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Дадаизам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дадаизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82" title="ദാദായിസം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദാദായിസം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="دادا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دادا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%92" title="ဒါဒါဝါဒ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒါဒါဝါဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada%C3%AFsme" title="Dadaïsme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dadaïsme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A0" title="ダダイスム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダダイスム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaisme" title="Dadaisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dadaisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaisme" title="Dadaisme – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dadaisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada%C3%AFsme" title="Dadaïsme – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Dadaïsme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizm" title="Dadaizm – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dadaizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE" title="ਡਾਡਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡਾਡਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D8%A7%DA%88%D8%A7" title="ڈاڈا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈاڈا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada%C3%AFsme" title="Dadaïsme – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Dadaïsme" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizm" title="Dadaizm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dadaizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada%C3%ADsmo" title="Dadaísmo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dadaísmo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada" title="Dada – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dada" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Дадаизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дадаизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizmi" title="Dadaizmi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dadaizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaismu" title="Dadaismu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Dadaismu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaism" title="Dadaism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dadaism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="دادائيت – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="دادائيت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizmus" title="Dadaizmus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dadaizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizem" title="Dadaizem – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dadaizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadajizm" title="Dadajizm – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Dadajizm" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Дадаизам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дадаизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizam" title="Dadaizam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dadaizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada" title="Dada – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dada" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaism" title="Dadaism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dadaism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaismo" title="Dadaismo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dadaismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE)" title="ஆடுகுதிரைவாதம் (டாடா) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆடுகுதிரைவாதம் (டாடா)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%82" title="డాడాయిజం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డాడాయిజం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="ดาดา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดาดา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadaizm" title="Dadaizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dadaizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Дадаїзм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дадаїзм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a 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</div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to 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.hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Dada_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Dada (disambiguation)">Dada (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_opening_of_the_first_Dada_exhibition,_Berlin,_5_June_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Grand_opening_of_the_first_Dada_exhibition%2C_Berlin%2C_5_June_1920.jpg/350px-Grand_opening_of_the_first_Dada_exhibition%2C_Berlin%2C_5_June_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Grand_opening_of_the_first_Dada_exhibition%2C_Berlin%2C_5_June_1920.jpg/525px-Grand_opening_of_the_first_Dada_exhibition%2C_Berlin%2C_5_June_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Grand_opening_of_the_first_Dada_exhibition%2C_Berlin%2C_5_June_1920.jpg/700px-Grand_opening_of_the_first_Dada_exhibition%2C_Berlin%2C_5_June_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2515" data-file-height="2096" /></a><figcaption>Grand opening of the first Dada exhibition: International Dada Fair, Berlin, 5 June 1920. The central figure hanging from the ceiling is an effigy of a German officer with a pig's head. From left to right: <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Hausmann" title="Raoul Hausmann">Raoul Hausmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hannah_H%C3%B6ch" title="Hannah Höch">Hannah Höch</a> (sitting), Otto Burchard, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Baader" title="Johannes Baader">Johannes Baader</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wieland_Herzfelde" title="Wieland Herzfelde">Wieland Herzfelde</a>, Margarete Herzfelde, Dr. Oz (Otto Schmalhausen), <a href="/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz">George Grosz</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Heartfield" title="John Heartfield">John Heartfield</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width: auto; border-spacing: 0;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccccff;font-size: 115%">French art history</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/French_art" title="French art">Overview</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_art" title="Category:French art">Categories</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff;"> Historical periods</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_art" title="Gothic art">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Renaissance" title="French Renaissance">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th-century_French_art" title="17th-century French art">17th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th-century_French_art" title="18th-century French art">18th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th-century_French_art" title="19th-century French art">19th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th-century_French_art" title="20th-century French art">20th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff;"> French artists</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_artists" title="List of French artists">Artists (chronological)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_artists" title="Category:French artists">Artists</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:French_painters" title="Category:French painters">Painters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_sculptors" title="Category:French sculptors">Sculptors</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_French_architects" title="List of French architects">Architects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_photographers" title="List of French photographers">Photographers</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff;"> Thematic</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_artistic_movements" title="List of French artistic movements">Art movements (chronological)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Art_movements" title="Category:Art movements">Art movements (category)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_art_salons_and_academies" title="French art salons and academies">Salons and academies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Art_museums_and_galleries_in_France" title="Category:Art museums and galleries in France">French art museums</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff;"> Movements</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dada</a> – <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff;"> See also</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Visual_arts" title="Portal:Visual arts">Visual arts portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_art_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Western art history">Western art history</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:French_art_history" title="Template:French art history"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:French_art_history&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:French art history (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_art_history" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French art history"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DadaGroup-1921.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/DadaGroup-1921.png/350px-DadaGroup-1921.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/DadaGroup-1921.png/525px-DadaGroup-1921.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/DadaGroup-1921.png/700px-DadaGroup-1921.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1469" /></a><figcaption>Dada artists, group photograph, 1920, Paris. From left to right, Back row: <a href="/wiki/Louis_Aragon" title="Louis Aragon">Louis Aragon</a>, Theodore Fraenkel, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Eluard" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Eluard">Paul Eluard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_Pansaers" title="Clément Pansaers">Clément Pansaers</a>, Emmanuel Fay (cut off).<br /> Second row: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Derm%C3%A9e" title="Paul Dermée">Paul Dermée</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Soupault" title="Philippe Soupault">Philippe Soupault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Ribemont-Dessaignes" title="Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes">Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes</a>.<br /> Front row: <a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tristan Tzara</a> (with monocle), <a href="/wiki/Celine_Arnauld" class="mw-redirect" title="Celine Arnauld">Celine Arnauld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">André Breton</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dada1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f7/Dada1.jpg/220px-Dada1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f7/Dada1.jpg/330px-Dada1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f7/Dada1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="417" /></a><figcaption>Cover of the first edition of the publication <i>Dada</i>, <a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tristan Tzara</a>; Zürich, 1917</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_Picabia,_1915,_New_York..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Francis_Picabia%2C_1915%2C_New_York..jpg/350px-Francis_Picabia%2C_1915%2C_New_York..jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Francis_Picabia%2C_1915%2C_New_York..jpg/525px-Francis_Picabia%2C_1915%2C_New_York..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Francis_Picabia%2C_1915%2C_New_York..jpg/700px-Francis_Picabia%2C_1915%2C_New_York..jpg 2x" data-file-width="1733" data-file-height="876" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a>: left, <i>Le saint des saints c'est de moi qu'il s'agit dans ce portrait</i>, 1 July 1915; center, <i>Portrait d'une jeune fille americaine dans l'état de nudité</i>, 5 July 1915; right, <i>J'ai vu et c'est de toi qu'il s'agit, De Zayas! De Zayas! Je suis venu sur les rivages du Pont-Euxin</i>, New York, 1915<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="This caption should be translated into English; in French it is meaningless to most readers of this English encyclopedia (November 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Dada</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span></span>/</a></span></span>) or <b>Dadaism</b> was an anti-establishment <a href="/wiki/Art_movement" title="Art movement">art movement</a> that developed in 1915 in the context of the <a href="/wiki/Great_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Great War">Great War</a> and the earlier <a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">anti-art</a> movement. Early centers for dadaism included Zürich and Berlin. Within a few years, the movement had spread to New York City and a variety of artistic centers in Europe and Asia. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within the umbrella of the movement, people used a wide variety of artistic forms to protest the <a href="/wiki/Logic" title="Logic">logic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reason" title="Reason">reason</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aestheticism" title="Aestheticism">aestheticism</a> of modern <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a> and modern war. To develop their protest, artists tended to make use of <a href="/wiki/Nonsense" title="Nonsense">nonsense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irrationality" title="Irrationality">irrationality</a>, and an <a href="/wiki/Anti-bourgeois" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-bourgeois">anti-bourgeois</a> sensibility.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schneede_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schneede-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Budd_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budd-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The art of the movement began primarily as performance<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> art, but eventually spanned visual, literary, and sound media, including <a href="/wiki/Collage" title="Collage">collage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sound_poetry" title="Sound poetry">sound poetry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cut-up_technique" title="Cut-up technique">cut-up writing</a>, and sculpture. Dadaist artists expressed their discontent toward violence, war, and nationalism and maintained political affinities with <a href="/wiki/Radical_politics" title="Radical politics">radical politics</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">left-wing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">far-left politics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement had no shared <a href="/wiki/Artistic_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Artistic style">artistic style</a>, although most artists had shown interest in the <a href="/wiki/Machine_aesthetic" title="Machine aesthetic">machine aesthetic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELantzHetrickKriebelYarborough2016_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELantzHetrickKriebelYarborough2016-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is no consensus on the origin of the movement's name; a common story is that the artist <a href="/wiki/Richard_Huelsenbeck" title="Richard Huelsenbeck">Richard Huelsenbeck</a> slid a <a href="/wiki/Paper_knife" title="Paper knife">paper knife</a> randomly into a dictionary, where it landed on "dada", a French term for a <a href="/wiki/Hobby_horse_(toy)" title="Hobby horse (toy)">hobby horse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others note it suggests the first words of a child, evoking a childishness and absurdity that appealed to the group. Still others speculate it might have been chosen to evoke a similar meaning (or no meaning at all) in any language, reflecting the movement's <a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(linguistics)" title="Internationalism (linguistics)">internationalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The roots of Dada lie in pre-war avant-garde. The term <a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">anti-art</a>, a precursor to Dada, was coined by <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a> around 1913 to characterize works that challenge accepted definitions of art.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a> and the development of <a href="/wiki/Collage" title="Collage">collage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">abstract art</a> would inform the movement's detachment from the constraints of reality and convention. The work of French poets, Italian <a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">German Expressionists</a> would influence Dada's rejection of the correlation between words and meaning.<sup id="cite_ref-oxfordart_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxfordart-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Works such as <i><a href="/wiki/Ubu_Roi" title="Ubu Roi">Ubu Roi</a></i> (1896) by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jarry" title="Alfred Jarry">Alfred Jarry</a> and the ballet <a href="/wiki/Parade_(ballet)" title="Parade (ballet)"><i>Parade</i></a> (1916–17) by <a href="/wiki/Erik_Satie" title="Erik Satie">Erik Satie</a> would be characterized as proto-Dadaist works.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dada movement's principles were first collected in <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ball" title="Hugo Ball">Hugo Ball</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dada_Manifesto" title="Dada Manifesto">Dada Manifesto</a> in 1916. Ball is seen as the founder of the Dada movement.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dadaist movement included public gatherings, demonstrations, and publication of art and <a href="/wiki/Literary_journals" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary journals">literary journals</a>. Passionate coverage of art, politics, and culture were topics often discussed in a variety of media. Key figures in the movement included <a href="/wiki/Jean_Arp" title="Jean Arp">Jean Arp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Baader" title="Johannes Baader">Johannes Baader</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ball" title="Hugo Ball">Hugo Ball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Max Ernst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elsa_von_Freytag-Loringhoven" title="Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven">Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz">George Grosz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Hausmann" title="Raoul Hausmann">Raoul Hausmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Heartfield" title="John Heartfield">John Heartfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Hennings" title="Emmy Hennings">Emmy Hennings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hannah_H%C3%B6ch" title="Hannah Höch">Hannah Höch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Huelsenbeck" title="Richard Huelsenbeck">Richard Huelsenbeck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Man Ray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Richter_(artist)" title="Hans Richter (artist)">Hans Richter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schwitters" title="Kurt Schwitters">Kurt Schwitters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Taeuber-Arp" title="Sophie Taeuber-Arp">Sophie Taeuber-Arp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tristan Tzara</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Wood" title="Beatrice Wood">Beatrice Wood</a>, among others. The movement influenced later styles like the avant-garde and <a href="/wiki/Downtown_music" title="Downtown music">downtown music</a> movements, and groups including <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_r%C3%A9alisme" title="Nouveau réalisme">nouveau réalisme</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">pop art</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Overview plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This overview section <b>duplicates the intended purpose of the article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lead_section" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Lead section">lead section</a></b>, which should provide an overview of the subject.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit">merge it</a> with the introduction, move its content to other sections, or retitle the section to give it a clear scope.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_Picabia,_Dame!_Illustration_for_the_cover_of_the_periodical_Dadaphone_n._7,_Paris,_March_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Francis_Picabia%2C_Dame%21_Illustration_for_the_cover_of_the_periodical_Dadaphone_n._7%2C_Paris%2C_March_1920.jpg/220px-Francis_Picabia%2C_Dame%21_Illustration_for_the_cover_of_the_periodical_Dadaphone_n._7%2C_Paris%2C_March_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Francis_Picabia%2C_Dame%21_Illustration_for_the_cover_of_the_periodical_Dadaphone_n._7%2C_Paris%2C_March_1920.jpg/330px-Francis_Picabia%2C_Dame%21_Illustration_for_the_cover_of_the_periodical_Dadaphone_n._7%2C_Paris%2C_March_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Francis_Picabia%2C_Dame%21_Illustration_for_the_cover_of_the_periodical_Dadaphone_n._7%2C_Paris%2C_March_1920.jpg/440px-Francis_Picabia%2C_Dame%21_Illustration_for_the_cover_of_the_periodical_Dadaphone_n._7%2C_Paris%2C_March_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="1192" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a>, <i>Dame!</i> Illustration for the cover of the periodical <i>Dadaphone</i>, n. 7, Paris, March 1920</figcaption></figure> <p>Dada was an informal international movement, with participants in Europe and North America. The beginnings of Dada correspond with the outbreak of World War I. For many participants, the movement was a protest against the <a href="/wiki/Bourgeois" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourgeois">bourgeois</a> <a href="/wiki/Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist">nationalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colonialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonialist">colonialist</a> interests, which many Dadaists believed were the root cause of the war, and against the cultural and intellectual conformity—in art and more broadly in society—that corresponded to the war.<sup id="cite_ref-RichterAntiArt_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RichterAntiArt-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Avant-garde circles outside France knew of pre-war Parisian developments. They had seen (or participated in) Cubist exhibitions held at <a href="/wiki/Galeries_Dalmau" title="Galeries Dalmau">Galeries Dalmau</a>, Barcelona (1912), Galerie <a href="/wiki/Der_Sturm" title="Der Sturm">Der Sturm</a> in Berlin (1912), the <a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a> in New York (1913), <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1nes_Union_of_Fine_Arts" title="Mánes Union of Fine Arts">SVU Mánes</a> in Prague (1914), several <a href="/wiki/Jack_of_Diamonds_(artists)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack of Diamonds (artists)">Jack of Diamonds</a> exhibitions in Moscow and at <a href="/wiki/Moderne_Kunstkring" title="Moderne Kunstkring">Moderne Kunstkring</a>, Amsterdam (between 1911 and 1915). <a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a> developed in response to the work of various artists. Dada subsequently combined these approaches.<sup id="cite_ref-oxfordart_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxfordart-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Dadaists believed that the 'reason' and 'logic' of bourgeois <a href="/wiki/Capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitalist">capitalist</a> society had led people into war. They expressed their rejection of that ideology in artistic expression that appeared to reject logic and embrace <a href="/wiki/Randomness" title="Randomness">chaos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irrationality" title="Irrationality">irrationality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schneede_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schneede-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Budd_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budd-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <a href="/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz">George Grosz</a> later recalled that his Dadaist art was intended as a protest "against this world of mutual destruction".<sup id="cite_ref-Schneede_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schneede-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Hans_Richter_(artist)" title="Hans Richter (artist)">Hans Richter</a> Dada was not art: it was "<a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">anti-art</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-RichterAntiArt_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RichterAntiArt-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dada represented the opposite of everything which art stood for. Where art was concerned with traditional <a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">aesthetics</a>, Dada ignored aesthetics. If art was to appeal to sensibilities, Dada was intended to offend. </p><p>Additionally, Dada attempted to reflect onto human perception and the chaotic nature of society. <a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tristan Tzara</a> proclaimed, "Everything is Dada, too. Beware of Dada. Anti-dadaism is a disease: selfkleptomania, man's normal condition, is Dada. But the real Dadas are against Dada".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ball" title="Hugo Ball">Hugo Ball</a> expressed it, "For us, art is not an end in itself ... but it is an opportunity for the true perception and criticism of the times we live in."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A reviewer from the <i><a href="/wiki/American_Art_News" class="mw-redirect" title="American Art News">American Art News</a></i> stated at the time that "Dada philosophy is the sickest, most paralyzing and most destructive thing that has ever originated from the brain of man." Art historians have described Dada as being, in large part, a "reaction to what many of these artists saw as nothing more than an insane spectacle of collective homicide".<sup id="cite_ref-gardners_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gardners-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Years later, Dada artists described the movement as "a phenomenon bursting forth in the midst of the postwar economic and moral crisis, a savior, a monster, which would lay waste to everything in its path... [It was] a systematic work of destruction and demoralization... In the end it became nothing but an act of sacrilege."<sup id="cite_ref-gardners_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gardners-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> To quote Dona Budd's <i>The Language of Art Knowledge</i>, </p><blockquote><p>Dada was born out of negative reaction to the horrors of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. This international movement was begun by a group of artists and poets associated with the <a href="/wiki/Cabaret_Voltaire_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="Cabaret Voltaire (Zürich)">Cabaret Voltaire</a> in Zürich. Dada rejected reason and logic, prizing nonsense, irrationality and intuition. The origin of the name Dada is unclear; some believe that it is a nonsensical word. Others maintain that it originates from the Romanian artists Tristan Tzara's and Marcel Janco's frequent use of the words "da, da," meaning "yes, yes" in the Romanian language. Another theory says that the name "Dada" came during a meeting of the group when a <a href="/wiki/Paper_knife" title="Paper knife">paper knife</a> stuck into a French–German dictionary happened to point to 'dada', a French word for '<a href="/wiki/Hobby_horse_(toy)" title="Hobby horse (toy)">hobbyhorse</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-Budd_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budd-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> The movement primarily involved <a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">visual arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_manifesto" title="Art manifesto">art manifestos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Art theory">art theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">theatre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">graphic design</a>, and concentrated its <a href="/wiki/Anti-war" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-war">anti-war</a> politics through a rejection of the prevailing standards in <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a> through anti-art cultural works. </p><p>The creations of Duchamp, Picabia, Man Ray, and others between 1915 and 1917 eluded the term Dada at the time, and "<a href="/wiki/New_York_Dada" title="New York Dada">New York Dada</a>" came to be seen as a post facto invention of Duchamp. At the outset of the 1920s the term Dada flourished in Europe with the help of Duchamp and Picabia, who had both returned from New York. Notwithstanding, Dadaists such as Tzara and Richter claimed European precedence. Art historian David Hopkins notes: </p> <blockquote><p>Ironically, though, Duchamp's late activities in New York, along with the machinations of Picabia, re-cast Dada's history. Dada's European chroniclers—primarily Richter, Tzara, and Huelsenbeck—would eventually become preoccupied with establishing the pre-eminence of Zürich and Berlin at the foundations of Dada, but it proved to be Duchamp who was most strategically brilliant in manipulating the genealogy of this avant-garde formation, deftly turning New York Dada from a late-comer into an originating force.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dada emerged from a period of artistic and literary movements like <a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a>; centered mainly in Italy, France and Germany respectively, in those years. However, unlike the earlier movements Dada was able to establish a broad base of support, giving rise to a movement that was international in scope. Its adherents were based in cities all over the world including New York, Zürich, Berlin, Paris and others. There were regional differences like an emphasis on literature in Zürich and political protest in Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElger2004[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidY0ES7-5Hp7gCpgPA6_6]_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElger2004[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidY0ES7-5Hp7gCpgPA6_6]-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prominent Dadaists published manifestos, but the movement was loosely organized and there was no central hierarchy. On 14 July 1916, Ball originated the seminal <a href="/wiki/Dada_Manifesto" title="Dada Manifesto">Dada Manifesto</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tzara" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzara">Tzara</a> wrote a second Dada manifesto,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotherwell1951[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotherwell1951[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> considered important Dada reading, which was published in 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tzara's manifesto articulated the concept of "Dadaist disgust"—the contradiction implicit in avant-garde works between the criticism and affirmation of modernist reality. In the Dadaist perspective modern art and culture are considered a type of <a href="/wiki/Fetishization" class="mw-redirect" title="Fetishization">fetishization</a> where the objects of consumption (including organized systems of thought like philosophy and morality) are chosen, much like a preference for cake or cherries, to fill a void.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The shock and scandal the movement inflamed was deliberate; Dadaist magazines were banned and their exhibits closed. Some of the artists even faced imprisonment. These provocations were part of the entertainment but, over time, audiences' expectations eventually outpaced the movement's capacity to deliver. As the artists' well-known "sarcastic laugh" started to come from the audience, the provocations of Dadaists began to lose their impact. Dada was an active movement during years of political turmoil from 1916 when European countries were actively engaged in World War I, the conclusion of which, in 1918, set the stage for a new political order.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElger2004[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidY0ES7-5Hp7gCpgPA7_7]_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElger2004[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidY0ES7-5Hp7gCpgPA7_7]-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zürich"><span id="Z.C3.BCrich"></span>Zürich</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Zürich"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoch-Cut_With_the_Kitchen_Knife.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6b/Hoch-Cut_With_the_Kitchen_Knife.jpg/220px-Hoch-Cut_With_the_Kitchen_Knife.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6b/Hoch-Cut_With_the_Kitchen_Knife.jpg/330px-Hoch-Cut_With_the_Kitchen_Knife.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6b/Hoch-Cut_With_the_Kitchen_Knife.jpg/440px-Hoch-Cut_With_the_Kitchen_Knife.jpg 2x" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hannah_H%C3%B6ch" title="Hannah Höch">Hannah Höch</a>, <i>Cut with the Kitchen Knife through the Last Epoch of Weimar Beer-Belly Culture in Germany</i>, 1919, collage of pasted papers, 90×144 cm, <a href="/wiki/Berlin_State_Museums" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin State Museums">Nationalgalerie, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There is some disagreement about where Dada originated. The movement is commonly accepted by most art historians and those who lived during this period to have identified with the <a href="/wiki/Cabaret_Voltaire_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="Cabaret Voltaire (Zürich)">Cabaret Voltaire</a> (housed inside the <i>Holländische Meierei</i> bar in Zürich) co-founded by poet and <a href="/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret">cabaret</a> singer <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Hennings" title="Emmy Hennings">Emmy Hennings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ball" title="Hugo Ball">Hugo Ball</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some sources propose a Romanian origin, arguing that Dada was an offshoot of a vibrant artistic tradition that transposed to Switzerland when a group of Jewish <a href="/wiki/Modernist" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist">modernist</a> artists, including Tristan Tzara, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Janco" title="Marcel Janco">Marcel Janco</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Segal_(painter)" title="Arthur Segal (painter)">Arthur Segal</a> settled in Zürich. Before World War I, similar art had already existed in Bucharest and other Eastern European cities; it is likely that Dada's catalyst was the arrival in Zürich of artists like Tzara and Janco.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name <i>Cabaret Voltaire</i> was a reference to the French philosopher <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>, whose novel <i><a href="/wiki/Candide" title="Candide">Candide</a></i> mocked the religious and philosophical <a href="/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma">dogmas</a> of the day. Opening night was attended by Ball, Tzara, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Arp" title="Jean Arp">Jean Arp</a>, and Janco. These artists along with others like <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Taeuber" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophie Taeuber">Sophie Taeuber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Huelsenbeck" title="Richard Huelsenbeck">Richard Huelsenbeck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hans_Richter_(artist)" title="Hans Richter (artist)">Hans Richter</a> started putting on performances at the Cabaret Voltaire and using art to express their disgust with the war and the interests that inspired it. </p><p>Having left Germany and Romania during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the artists arrived in politically neutral Switzerland. They used abstraction to fight against the social, political, and cultural ideas of that time. They used <a href="/wiki/Shock_art" title="Shock art">shock art</a>, provocation, and "<a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudevillian</a> excess" to subvert the conventions they believed had caused the Great War.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc2016_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc2016-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dadaists believed those ideas to be a byproduct of bourgeois society that was so apathetic it would wage war against itself rather than challenge the <i>status quo</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-nga.gov_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nga.gov-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We had lost confidence in our culture. Everything had to be demolished. We would begin again after the <i><a href="/wiki/Tabula_rasa" title="Tabula rasa">tabula rasa</a></i>. At the Cabaret Voltaire we began by shocking common sense, public opinion, education, institutions, museums, good taste, in short, the whole prevailing order.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Marcel Janco<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Ball said that Janco's mask and costume designs, inspired by Romanian folk art, made "the horror of our time, the paralyzing background of events" visible.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc2016_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc2016-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Ball, performances were accompanied by a "balalaika orchestra playing delightful folk-songs." Often influenced by <a href="/wiki/African_music" class="mw-redirect" title="African music">African music</a>, arrhythmic drumming and jazz were common at Dada gatherings.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the cabaret closed down, Dada activities moved on to a new gallery, and <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ball" title="Hugo Ball">Hugo Ball</a> left for Bern. Tzara began a relentless campaign to spread Dada ideas. He bombarded French and Italian artists and writers with letters, and soon emerged as the Dada leader and master strategist. The Cabaret Voltaire re-opened, and is still in the same place at the Spiegelgasse 1 in the Niederdorf. </p><p>Zürich Dada, with Tzara at the helm, published the art and literature review <i>Dada</i> beginning in July 1917, with five editions from Zürich and the final two from Paris. </p><p>Other artists, such as <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">André Breton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Soupault" title="Philippe Soupault">Philippe Soupault</a>, created "literature groups to help extend the influence of Dada".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the fighting of the First World War had ended in the armistice of November 1918, most of the Zürich Dadaists returned to their home countries, and some began Dada activities in other cities. Others, such as the Swiss native <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Taeuber" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophie Taeuber">Sophie Taeuber</a>, would remain in Zürich into the 1920s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Berlin">Berlin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Berlin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Anna_Blume.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/An_Anna_Blume.jpg/220px-An_Anna_Blume.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/An_Anna_Blume.jpg/330px-An_Anna_Blume.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/An_Anna_Blume.jpg/440px-An_Anna_Blume.jpg 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="1286" /></a><figcaption>Cover of <i>Anna Blume, Dichtungen</i>, 1919</figcaption></figure> <p>"Berlin was a city of tightened stomachers, of mounting, thundering hunger, where hidden rage was transformed into a boundless money lust, and men's minds were concentrating more and more on questions of naked existence... Fear was in everybody's bones" – Richard Hülsenbeck </p><p><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Hausmann" title="Raoul Hausmann">Raoul Hausmann</a>, who helped establish Dada in Berlin, published his <a href="/wiki/Art_manifesto" title="Art manifesto">manifesto</a> <i>Synthethic Cino of Painting</i> in 1918 where he attacked Expressionism and the art critics who promoted it. Dada is envisioned in contrast to art forms, such as Expressionism, that appeal to viewers' emotional states: "the exploitation of so-called echoes of the soul". In Hausmann's conception of Dada, new techniques of creating art would open doors to explore new artistic impulses. Fragmented use of real world stimuli allowed an expression of reality that was radically different from other forms of art:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElger2004[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidY0ES7-5Hp7gCpgPA35_35]_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElger2004[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidY0ES7-5Hp7gCpgPA35_35]-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>A child's discarded doll or a brightly colored rag are more necessary expressions than those of some ass who seeks to immortalize himself in oils in finite parlors.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Raoul Hausmann</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The groups in Germany were not as strongly <a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">anti-art</a> as other groups. Their activity and art were more political and social, with corrosive <a href="/wiki/Art_manifesto" title="Art manifesto">manifestos</a> and propaganda, satire, public demonstrations and overt political activities. The intensely political and war-torn environment of Berlin had a dramatic impact on the ideas of Berlin Dadaists. Conversely, New York's geographic distance from the war spawned its more theoretically driven, less political nature.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Hans_Richter_(artist)" title="Hans Richter (artist)">Hans Richter</a>, a Dadaist who was in Berlin yet "aloof from active participation in Berlin Dada", several distinguishing characteristics of the Dada movement there included: "its political element and its technical discoveries in painting and literature"; "inexhaustible energy"; "mental freedom which included the abolition of everything"; and "members intoxicated with their own power in a way that had no relation to the real world", who would "turn their rebelliousness even against each other".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1918, while the Great War was approaching its climax, Huelsenbeck gave his first Dada speech in Berlin, and he produced a Dada manifesto later in the year. Following the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a> in <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a>, by then out of the war, <a href="/wiki/Hannah_H%C3%B6ch" title="Hannah Höch">Hannah Höch</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz">George Grosz</a> used Dada to express communist sympathies. Grosz, together with <a href="/wiki/John_Heartfield" title="John Heartfield">John Heartfield</a>, Höch and Hausmann developed the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/technique" class="extiw" title="wikt:technique">technique</a> of <a href="/wiki/Photomontage" title="Photomontage">photomontage</a> during this period. <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Baader" title="Johannes Baader">Johannes Baader</a>, the uninhibited Oberdada, was the "crowbar" of the Berlin movement's <a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">direct action</a> according to <a href="/wiki/Hans_Richter_(artist)" title="Hans Richter (artist)">Hans Richter</a> and is credited with creating the first giant collages, according to <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Hausmann" title="Raoul Hausmann">Raoul Hausmann</a>. </p><p>After the war, the artists published a series of short-lived political magazines and held the <a href="/wiki/First_International_Dada_Fair" title="First International Dada Fair">First International Dada Fair</a>, 'the greatest project yet conceived by the Berlin Dadaists', in the summer of 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-Dada,_Dickermann_p443_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dada,_Dickermann_p443-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well as work by the main members of Berlin Dada – Grosz, <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Hausmann" title="Raoul Hausmann">Raoul Hausmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hannah_H%C3%B6ch" title="Hannah Höch">Hannah Höch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Baader" title="Johannes Baader">Johannes Baader</a>, Huelsenbeck and Heartfield – the exhibition also included the work of <a href="/wiki/Otto_Dix" title="Otto Dix">Otto Dix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a>, Jean Arp, <a href="/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Max Ernst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Schlichter" title="Rudolf Schlichter">Rudolf Schlichter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Theodor_Baargeld" title="Johannes Theodor Baargeld">Johannes Baargeld</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-Dada,_Dickermann_p443_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dada,_Dickermann_p443-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In all, over 200 works were exhibited, surrounded by incendiary slogans, some of which also ended up written on the walls of the Nazi's <i><a href="/wiki/Entartete_Kunst" class="mw-redirect" title="Entartete Kunst">Entartete Kunst</a></i> exhibition in 1937. Despite high ticket prices, the exhibition lost money, with only one recorded sale.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Berlin group published periodicals such as <i>Club Dada</i>, <i>Der Dada</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Jedermann_sein_eigner_Fussball" title="Jedermann sein eigner Fussball">Everyman His Own Football</a></i>, and <i>Dada Almanach</i>. They also established a political party, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Council_of_Dada_for_the_World_Revolution" title="Central Council of Dada for the World Revolution">Central Council of Dada for the World Revolution</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cologne">Cologne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cologne"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, Ernst, Baargeld, and Arp launched a controversial Dada exhibition in 1920 which focused on nonsense and anti-bourgeois sentiments. Cologne's Early Spring Exhibition was set up in a pub, and required that participants walk past urinals while being read lewd poetry by a woman in a <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">communion</a> dress. The police closed the exhibition on grounds of obscenity, but it was re-opened when the charges were dropped.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_York">New York</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: New York"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Label_for_the_Belle_Haleine_cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Label_for_the_Belle_Haleine_cropped.png/170px-Label_for_the_Belle_Haleine_cropped.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Label_for_the_Belle_Haleine_cropped.png/255px-Label_for_the_Belle_Haleine_cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Label_for_the_Belle_Haleine_cropped.png/340px-Label_for_the_Belle_Haleine_cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="571" data-file-height="734" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rrose_S%C3%A9lavy" class="mw-redirect" title="Rrose Sélavy">Rrose Sélavy</a>, the alter ego of Dadaist <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcel_Duchamp,_1917,_Fountain,_photograph_by_Alfred_Stieglitz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Marcel_Duchamp%2C_1917%2C_Fountain%2C_photograph_by_Alfred_Stieglitz.jpg/220px-Marcel_Duchamp%2C_1917%2C_Fountain%2C_photograph_by_Alfred_Stieglitz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Marcel_Duchamp%2C_1917%2C_Fountain%2C_photograph_by_Alfred_Stieglitz.jpg/330px-Marcel_Duchamp%2C_1917%2C_Fountain%2C_photograph_by_Alfred_Stieglitz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Marcel_Duchamp%2C_1917%2C_Fountain%2C_photograph_by_Alfred_Stieglitz.jpg/440px-Marcel_Duchamp%2C_1917%2C_Fountain%2C_photograph_by_Alfred_Stieglitz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="1849" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp)" title="Fountain (Duchamp)">Fountain</a>,</i> 1917; photograph by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz" title="Alfred Stieglitz">Alfred Stieglitz</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_York_Dada" title="New York Dada">New York Dada</a></div> <p>Like Zürich, New York City was a refuge for writers and artists from the First World War. Soon after arriving from France in 1915, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a> met American artist <a href="/wiki/Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Man Ray</a>. By 1916 the three of them became the center of radical <a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">anti-art</a> activities in the United States. American <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Wood" title="Beatrice Wood">Beatrice Wood</a>, who had been studying in France, soon joined them, along with <a href="/wiki/Elsa_von_Freytag-Loringhoven" title="Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven">Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cravan" title="Arthur Cravan">Arthur Cravan</a>, fleeing conscription in France, was also in New York for a time. Much of their activity centered in <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz" title="Alfred Stieglitz">Alfred Stieglitz</a>'s gallery, <a href="/wiki/291_(art_gallery)" title="291 (art gallery)">291</a>, and the home of <a href="/wiki/Walter_and_Louise_Arensberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter and Louise Arensberg">Walter and Louise Arensberg</a>. </p><p>The New Yorkers, though not particularly organized, called their activities <i>Dada,</i> but they did not issue manifestos. They issued challenges to art and culture through publications such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Blind_Man" title="The Blind Man">The Blind Man</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rongwrong" title="Rongwrong">Rongwrong</a></i>, and <i>New York Dada</i> in which they criticized the traditionalist basis for <i>museum</i> art. New York Dada lacked the disillusionment of European Dada and was instead driven by a sense of irony and humor. In his book <i>Adventures in the arts: informal chapters on painters, vaudeville and poets</i> <a href="/wiki/Marsden_Hartley" title="Marsden Hartley">Marsden Hartley</a> included an essay on "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Importance_of_Being_Dada" class="extiw" title="s:The Importance of Being Dada">The Importance of Being 'Dada'</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>". </p><p>During this time Duchamp began exhibiting "<a href="/wiki/Readymades_of_Marcel_Duchamp" title="Readymades of Marcel Duchamp">readymades</a>" (everyday objects found or purchased and declared art) such as a bottle rack, and was active in the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Independent_Artists" title="Society of Independent Artists">Society of Independent Artists</a>. In 1917 he submitted the now famous <i><a href="/wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp)" title="Fountain (Duchamp)">Fountain</a></i>, a urinal signed R. Mutt, to the Society of Independent Artists exhibition but they rejected the piece. First an object of scorn within the arts community, the <i>Fountain</i> has since become almost canonized by some<sup id="cite_ref-Independent_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Independent-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as one of the most recognizable modernist works of sculpture. Art world experts polled by the sponsors of the 2004 <a href="/wiki/Turner_Prize" title="Turner Prize">Turner Prize</a>, Gordon's gin, voted it "the most influential work of modern art".<sup id="cite_ref-Independent_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Independent-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As recent scholarship documents, the work is still controversial. Duchamp indicated in a 1917 letter to his sister that a female friend was centrally involved in the conception of this work: "One of my female friends who had adopted the pseudonym Richard Mutt sent me a porcelain urinal as a sculpture."<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The piece is in line with the scatological aesthetics of Duchamp's neighbour, the <a href="/wiki/Elsa_von_Freytag-Loringhoven" title="Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven">Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGammel2002224–225_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGammel2002224–225-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an attempt to "pay homage to the spirit of Dada" a performance artist named <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pinoncelli" title="Pierre Pinoncelli">Pierre Pinoncelli</a> made a crack in a replica of <i>The Fountain</i> with a hammer in January 2006; he also urinated on it in 1993. </p><p>Picabia's travels tied New York, Zürich and Paris groups together during the Dadaist period. For seven years he also published the Dada periodical <i><a href="/wiki/391_(magazine)" title="391 (magazine)">391</a></i> in Barcelona, New York City, Zürich, and Paris from 1917 through 1924. </p><p>By 1921, most of the original players moved to Paris where Dada had experienced its last major incarnation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paris">Paris</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Paris"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Man_Ray,_Rencontre_dans_la_porte_tournante.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Man_Ray%2C_Rencontre_dans_la_porte_tournante.jpg/170px-Man_Ray%2C_Rencontre_dans_la_porte_tournante.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Man_Ray%2C_Rencontre_dans_la_porte_tournante.jpg/255px-Man_Ray%2C_Rencontre_dans_la_porte_tournante.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Man_Ray%2C_Rencontre_dans_la_porte_tournante.jpg/340px-Man_Ray%2C_Rencontre_dans_la_porte_tournante.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1209" data-file-height="1620" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Man Ray</a>, c. 1921–22, <i>Rencontre dans la porte tournante</i>, published on the cover of <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Sturm" title="Der Sturm">Der Sturm</a></i>, Volume 13, Number 3, 5 March 1922</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Man_Ray,_Dessin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/33/Man_Ray%2C_Dessin.jpg/170px-Man_Ray%2C_Dessin.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/33/Man_Ray%2C_Dessin.jpg/255px-Man_Ray%2C_Dessin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/33/Man_Ray%2C_Dessin.jpg/340px-Man_Ray%2C_Dessin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1221" data-file-height="1741" /></a><figcaption>Man Ray, c. 1921–22, <i>Dessin</i> (<i>Drawing</i>), published on page 43 of <i>Der Sturm</i>, Volume 13, Number 3, 5 March 1922</figcaption></figure> <p>The French <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> kept abreast of Dada activities in Zürich with regular communications from <a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tristan Tzara</a> (whose pseudonym means "sad in country," a name chosen to protest the treatment of Jews in his native Romania), who exchanged letters, poems, and magazines with <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire" title="Guillaume Apollinaire">Guillaume Apollinaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">André Breton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Jacob" title="Max Jacob">Max Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_Pansaers" title="Clément Pansaers">Clément Pansaers</a>, and other French writers, critics and artists. </p><p>Paris had arguably been the classical music capital of the world since the advent of musical Impressionism in the late 19th century. One of its practitioners, <a href="/wiki/Erik_Satie" title="Erik Satie">Erik Satie</a>, collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Picasso" class="mw-redirect" title="Picasso">Picasso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cocteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocteau">Cocteau</a> in a mad, scandalous ballet called <i><a href="/wiki/Parade_(ballet)" title="Parade (ballet)">Parade</a></i>. First performed by the <a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a> in 1917, it succeeded in creating a scandal but in a different way than Stravinsky's <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Sacre_du_printemps" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Sacre du printemps">Le Sacre du printemps</a></i> had done almost five years earlier. This was a ballet that was clearly parodying itself, something traditional ballet patrons would obviously have serious issues with. </p><p>Dada in Paris surged in 1920 when many of the originators converged there. Inspired by Tzara, Paris Dada soon issued manifestos, organized demonstrations, staged performances and produced a number of journals (the final two editions of <i>Dada</i>, <i>Le Cannibale</i>, and <i>Littérature</i> featured Dada in several editions.)<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first introduction of Dada artwork to the Parisian public was at the <i><a href="/wiki/Salon_des_Ind%C3%A9pendants" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon des Indépendants">Salon des Indépendants</a></i> in 1921. <a href="/wiki/Jean_Crotti" title="Jean Crotti">Jean Crotti</a> exhibited works associated with Dada including a work entitled, <i>Explicatif</i> bearing the word <i>Tabu</i>. In the same year Tzara staged his Dadaist play <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gas_Heart" title="The Gas Heart">The Gas Heart</a></i> to howls of derision from the audience. When it was re-staged in 1923 in a more professional production, the play provoked a theatre riot (initiated by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">André Breton</a>) that heralded the split within the movement that was to produce <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a>. Tzara's last attempt at a Dadaist drama was his "<a href="/wiki/Ironic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ironic">ironic</a> <a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">tragedy</a>" <i><a href="/wiki/Handkerchief_of_Clouds" title="Handkerchief of Clouds">Handkerchief of Clouds</a></i> in 1924. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Netherlands the Dada movement centered mainly around <a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Doesburg" title="Theo van Doesburg">Theo van Doesburg</a>, best known for establishing the <i><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></i> movement and magazine of the same name. Van Doesburg mainly focused on poetry, and included poems from many well-known Dada writers in <i>De Stijl</i> such as <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ball" title="Hugo Ball">Hugo Ball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Arp" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Arp">Hans Arp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schwitters" title="Kurt Schwitters">Kurt Schwitters</a>. Van Doesburg and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thijs_Rinsema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thijs Rinsema (page does not exist)">Thijs Rinsema</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thijs_Rinsema" class="extiw" title="nl:Thijs Rinsema">nl</a>]</span> (a <a href="/wiki/Cordwainer" title="Cordwainer">cordwainer</a> and artist in <a href="/wiki/Drachten" title="Drachten">Drachten</a>) became friends of Schwitters, and together they organized the so-called <i>Dutch Dada campaign</i> in 1923, where van Doesburg promoted a leaflet about Dada (entitled <i>What is Dada?</i>), Schwitters read his poems, <a href="/wiki/Vilmos_Husz%C3%A1r" title="Vilmos Huszár">Vilmos Huszár</a> demonstrated a mechanical dancing doll and Nelly van Doesburg (Theo's wife), played <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> compositions on piano. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:I.K._Bonset_Voorbijtrekkende_troep_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/I.K._Bonset_Voorbijtrekkende_troep_2.jpg/220px-I.K._Bonset_Voorbijtrekkende_troep_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="365" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/I.K._Bonset_Voorbijtrekkende_troep_2.jpg/330px-I.K._Bonset_Voorbijtrekkende_troep_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/I.K._Bonset_Voorbijtrekkende_troep_2.jpg/440px-I.K._Bonset_Voorbijtrekkende_troep_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1170" data-file-height="1943" /></a><figcaption>A Bonset sound-poem, "Passing troop", 1916</figcaption></figure> <p>Van Doesburg wrote Dada poetry himself in <i>De Stijl</i>, although under a pseudonym, I.K. Bonset, which was only revealed after his death in 1931. 'Together' with I.K. Bonset, he also published a short-lived <a href="/wiki/Dutch_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch literature">Dutch</a> Dada magazine called <i>Mécano</i> (1922–23). Another Dutchman identified by <a href="/wiki/K._Schippers" title="K. Schippers">K. Schippers</a> in his study of the movement in the Netherlands<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the <a href="/wiki/Groningen" title="Groningen">Groningen</a> typographer <a href="/wiki/H._N._Werkman" class="mw-redirect" title="H. N. Werkman">H. N. Werkman</a>, who was in touch with van Doesburg and Schwitters while editing his own magazine, <i>The Next Call</i> (1923–6). Two more artists mentioned by Schippers were German-born and eventually settled in the Netherlands. These were Otto van Rees, who had taken part in the liminal exhibitions at the Café Voltaire in Zürich, and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Citroen" title="Paul Citroen">Paul Citroen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Georgia">Georgia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Georgia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Dada" title="Special:EditPage/Dada">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Dada%22">"Dada"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Dada%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Dada%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Dada%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Dada%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Dada%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Though Dada itself was unknown in <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> until at least 1920, from 1917 until 1921 a group of poets called themselves Le Degré 41", or "Le Degré Quarante et Un" (English, "The 41st Degree") (referring both to the latitude of <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, Georgia and to the Celsius temperature of a high fever [equal to 105.8 Fahrenheit]) organized along Dadaist lines. The most important figure in this group was <a href="/wiki/Iliazd" class="mw-redirect" title="Iliazd">Iliazd</a> (Ilia Zdanevich), whose radical typographical designs visually echo the publications of the Dadaists.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his flight to Paris in 1921, he collaborated with Dadaists on publications and events. For example, when <a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tristan Tzara</a> was banned from holding seminars in Théâtre Michel in 1923, <a href="/wiki/Iliazd" class="mw-redirect" title="Iliazd">Iliazd</a> booked the venue on his behalf for the performance, "<a href="/wiki/The_Gas_Heart" title="The Gas Heart">The Bearded Heart Soirée</a>", and designed the flyer.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Yugoslavia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, alongside the new art movement <a href="/wiki/Zenitism" title="Zenitism">Zenitism</a>, there was significant Dada activity between 1920 and 1922, run mainly by <a href="/wiki/Dragan_Aleksi%C4%87" title="Dragan Aleksić">Dragan Aleksić</a> and including work by Mihailo S. Petrov, Ljubomir Micić and Branko Ve Poljanski.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aleksić used the term "Yougo-Dada" and is known to have been in contact with <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Hausmann" title="Raoul Hausmann">Raoul Hausmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schwitters" title="Kurt Schwitters">Kurt Schwitters</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tristan Tzara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJovanov1999[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJovanov1999[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dada movement in Italy, based in <a href="/wiki/Mantua" title="Mantua">Mantua</a>, was met with distaste and failed to make a significant impact in the world of art. It published a magazine for a short time and held an exhibition in Rome, featuring paintings, quotations from Tristan Tzara, and original epigrams such as "True Dada is against Dada". One member of this group was <a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Julius Evola</a>, who went on to become an eminent scholar of <a href="/wiki/Occultism" class="mw-redirect" title="Occultism">occultism</a>, as well as a right-wing philosopher.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A prominent Dada group in Japan was <a href="/wiki/Mavo" title="Mavo">Mavo</a>, founded in July 1923 by <a href="/wiki/Tomoyoshi_Murayama" title="Tomoyoshi Murayama">Tomoyoshi Murayama</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yanase_Masamu" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanase Masamu">Yanase Masamu</a> later joined by <a href="/wiki/Tatsuo_Okada" title="Tatsuo Okada">Tatsuo Okada</a>. Other prominent artists were <a href="/wiki/Jun_Tsuji" title="Jun Tsuji">Jun Tsuji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eisuke_Yoshiyuki" title="Eisuke Yoshiyuki">Eisuke Yoshiyuki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shinkichi_Takahashi" title="Shinkichi Takahashi">Shinkichi Takahashi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Katu%C3%A9_Kitasono" title="Katué Kitasono">Katué Kitasono</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dada_in_Ultraman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/af/Dada_in_Ultraman.jpg/220px-Dada_in_Ultraman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/af/Dada_in_Ultraman.jpg/330px-Dada_in_Ultraman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/af/Dada_in_Ultraman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="379" data-file-height="263" /></a><figcaption>Dada, an iconic character from the Ultra Series. His design draws inspiration from the art movement.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Tsuburaya_Productions" title="Tsuburaya Productions">Tsuburaya Productions</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra Series">Ultra Series</a></i>, an alien named Dada was inspired by the Dadaism movement, with said character first appearing in episode 28 of the 1966 <a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">tokusatsu</a> series, <i><a href="/wiki/Ultraman_(1966_TV_series)" title="Ultraman (1966 TV series)">Ultraman</a></i>, its design by character artist <a href="/wiki/Toru_Narita" class="mw-redirect" title="Toru Narita">Toru Narita</a>. Dada's design is primarily monochromatic, and features numerous sharp lines and alternating black and white stripes, in reference to the movement and, in particular, to <a href="/wiki/Chessboard" title="Chessboard">chessboard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Go_(game)" title="Go (game)">Go</a> patterns. On May 19, 2016, in celebration to the 100 year anniversary of Dadaism in Tokyo, the Ultra Monster was invited to meet the Swiss Ambassador Urs Bucher.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Butoh" title="Butoh">Butoh</a>, the Japanese dance-form originating in 1959, can be considered to have direct connections to the spirit of the Dada movement, as <a href="/wiki/Tatsumi_Hijikata" title="Tatsumi Hijikata">Tatsumi Hijikata</a>, one of Butoh's founders, "was influenced early in his career by Dadaism".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dada in itself was relatively unknown in Russia, however, avant-garde art was widespread due to the <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolsheviks</a>' revolutionary agenda. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nichevoki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nichevoki (page does not exist)">Nichevoki</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Ничевоки">ru</a>]</span>, a literary group sharing Dadaist ideals<sup id="cite_ref-RusDada_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RusDada-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> achieved infamy after one of its members suggested that <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Mayakovsky" title="Vladimir Mayakovsky">Vladimir Mayakovsky</a> should go to the "Pampushka" (Pameatnik Pushkina – <a href="/wiki/Pushkinskaya_Square" title="Pushkinskaya Square">Pushkin monument</a>) on the "Tverbul" (<a href="/wiki/Tverskoy_Boulevard" title="Tverskoy Boulevard">Tverskoy Boulevard</a>) to clean the shoes of anyone who desired it, after Mayakovsky declared that he was going to cleanse Russian literature.<sup id="cite_ref-RusDada_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RusDada-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For more information on Dadaism's influence upon <a href="/wiki/Russian_avant-garde" title="Russian avant-garde">Russian avant-garde</a> art, see the book <i>Russian Dada 1914–1924</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-RusDada_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RusDada-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Women_of_Dada">Women of Dada</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Women of Dada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Often overlooked when discussing the history and foundations of Dada, it is necessary to shed light on the female artists who created and inspired art and artists alike. These women were oftentimes in platonic or romantic relationships with the male Dadaists mentioned above but are rarely written past the relative ties. However, each artist made vital contributions to the movement. Other notable mentions that do not include the artists below are: <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Duchamp" title="Suzanne Duchamp">Suzanne Duchamp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elsa_von_Freytag-Loringhoven" title="Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven">Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Hennings" title="Emmy Hennings">Emmy Hennings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Wood" title="Beatrice Wood">Beatrice Wood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clara_Tice" title="Clara Tice">Clara Tice</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ella_Bergmann-Michel" title="Ella Bergmann-Michel">Ella Bergmann-Michel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hannah_Höch"><span id="Hannah_H.C3.B6ch"></span>Hannah Höch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Hannah Höch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hannah_H%C3%B6ch" title="Hannah Höch">Hannah Höch</a> of Berlin is considered to be the only female Dadaist in Berlin at the time of the movement.<sup id="cite_ref-thecollector.com_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thecollector.com-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, she was in a relationship with <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Hausmann" title="Raoul Hausmann">Raoul Hausmann</a> who also was a Dada artist. She channeled the same anti-war and anti-government (<a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a>) in her works but brought out a feminist lens on the themes. With her works primarily of collage and photomontage, she often used precise placement or detailed titles to callout the misogynistic ways she and other women were treated.<sup id="cite_ref-thecollector.com_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thecollector.com-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sophie_Taeuber-Arp">Sophie Taeuber-Arp</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sophie Taeuber-Arp"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Taeuber-Arp" title="Sophie Taeuber-Arp">Sophie Taeuber-Arp</a> was a Swiss artist, teacher, and dancer who produced various types of fine art and handicraft pieces. While married to Dadaist <a href="/wiki/Jean_Arp" title="Jean Arp">Jean Arp</a>, Taeuber-Arp was known in the Dada community for her performative dancing. As such, she worked with choreographer <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_von_Laban" title="Rudolf von Laban">Rudolf von Laban</a> and was written by <a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tristan Tarza</a> for her dancing skills. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mina_Loy">Mina Loy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Mina Loy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>London-born Mina Loy was known for being active in the literary sector of the New York Dada scene. She spent time writing poetry, creating Dada magazines, and acting and writing in plays. She contributed writing to Dada journal <i><a href="/wiki/The_Blind_Man" title="The Blind Man">The Blind Man</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Rongwrong" title="Rongwrong">Rongwrong</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poetry">Poetry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Poetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dadaglobe_Form_Letter_to_Vagts_(Nov_1920).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Dadaglobe_Form_Letter_to_Vagts_%28Nov_1920%29.jpg/220px-Dadaglobe_Form_Letter_to_Vagts_%28Nov_1920%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Dadaglobe_Form_Letter_to_Vagts_%28Nov_1920%29.jpg/330px-Dadaglobe_Form_Letter_to_Vagts_%28Nov_1920%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Dadaglobe_Form_Letter_to_Vagts_%28Nov_1920%29.jpg/440px-Dadaglobe_Form_Letter_to_Vagts_%28Nov_1920%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Dadaglobe" title="Dadaglobe">Dadaglobe</a></i> solicitation form letter signed by Francis Picabia, Tristan Tzara, Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes, and Walter Serner, c. week of November 8, 1920. This example was sent from Paris to Alfred Vagts in Munich.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dadaists used shock, <a href="/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism">nihilism</a>, negativity, <a href="/wiki/Paradox" title="Paradox">paradox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randomness" title="Randomness">randomness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subconscious" title="Subconscious">subconscious</a> forces and <a href="/wiki/Antinomianism" title="Antinomianism">antinomianism</a> to subvert established traditions in the aftermath of the Great War. Tzara's 1920 manifesto proposed cutting words from a newspaper and randomly selecting fragments to write poetry, a process in which the synchronous universe itself becomes an active agent in creating the art. A poem written using this technique would be a "fruit" of the words that were clipped from the article.<sup id="cite_ref-coutinho158_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coutinho158-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In literary arts Dadaists focused on poetry, particularly the so-called sound poetry invented by <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ball" title="Hugo Ball">Hugo Ball</a>. Dadaist poems attacked traditional conceptions of poetry, including structure, order, as well as the interplay of sound and the meaning of language. For Dadaists, the existing system by which information is articulated robs language of its dignity. The dismantling of language and poetic conventions are Dadaist attempts to restore language to its purest and most innocent form: "With these sound poem, we wanted to dispense with a language which journalism had made desolate and impossible."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElger200412_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElger200412-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Simultaneous poems (or <i>poèmes simultanés</i>) were recited by a group of speakers who, collectively, produced a chaotic and confusing set of voices. These poems are considered manifestations of modernity including advertising, technology, and conflict. Unlike movements such as Expressionism, Dadaism did not take a negative view of modernity and the urban life. The chaotic urban and futuristic world is considered natural terrain that opens up new ideas for life and art.<sup id="cite_ref-morrison_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morrison-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dada was not confined to the visual and literary arts; its influence reached into sound and music. These movements exerted a pervasive influence on 20th-century music, especially on mid-century avant-garde composers based in New York—among them Edgard Varèse, Stefan Wolpe, John Cage, and Morton Feldman.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schwitters" title="Kurt Schwitters">Kurt Schwitters</a> developed what he called <i><a href="/wiki/Sound_poetry" title="Sound poetry">sound poems</a></i>, while <a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georges_Ribemont-Dessaignes" title="Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes">Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes</a> composed Dada music performed at the Festival Dada in Paris on 26 May 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-LTM_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LTM-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other composers such as <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schulhoff" title="Erwin Schulhoff">Erwin Schulhoff</a>, Hans Heusser and <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Savinio" title="Alberto Savinio">Alberto Savinio</a> all wrote <i>Dada music</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while members of <a href="/wiki/Les_Six" title="Les Six">Les Six</a> collaborated with members of the Dada movement and had their works performed at Dada gatherings. <a href="/wiki/Erik_Satie" title="Erik Satie">Erik Satie</a> also dabbled with Dadaist ideas during his career.<sup id="cite_ref-LTM_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LTM-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:En_hod_dada_museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/En_hod_dada_museum.jpg/220px-En_hod_dada_museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/En_hod_dada_museum.jpg/330px-En_hod_dada_museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/En_hod_dada_museum.jpg/440px-En_hod_dada_museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Janco_Dada_Museum" title="Janco Dada Museum">Janco Dada Museum</a>, named after <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Janco" title="Marcel Janco">Marcel Janco</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ein_Hod" title="Ein Hod">Ein Hod</a>, Israel</figcaption></figure> <p>While broadly based, the movement was unstable. By 1924 in Paris, Dada was melding into Surrealism, and artists had gone on to other ideas and movements, including <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">social realism</a> and other forms of <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">modernism</a>. Some theorists argue that Dada was actually the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_art" title="Postmodern art">postmodern art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the dawn of the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, many of the European Dadaists had emigrated to the United States. Some (<a href="/wiki/Otto_Freundlich" title="Otto Freundlich">Otto Freundlich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Serner" title="Walter Serner">Walter Serner</a>) died in death camps under <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, who actively persecuted the kind of "<a href="/wiki/Degenerate_art" title="Degenerate art">degenerate art</a>" that he considered Dada to represent. The movement became less active as post-war optimism led to the development of new movements in art and literature. </p><p>Dada is a named influence and reference of various <a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">anti-art</a> and political and cultural movements, including the <a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_jamming" title="Culture jamming">culture jamming</a> groups like the <a href="/wiki/Cacophony_Society" title="Cacophony Society">Cacophony Society</a>. Upon breaking up in July 2012, <a href="/wiki/Anarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist">anarchist</a> pop band <a href="/wiki/Chumbawamba" title="Chumbawamba">Chumbawamba</a> issued a statement which compared their own legacy with that of the Dada art movement.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time that the Zürich Dadaists were making noise and spectacle at the <a href="/wiki/Cabaret_Voltaire_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="Cabaret Voltaire (Zürich)">Cabaret Voltaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lenin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenin">Lenin</a> was planning his revolutionary plans for Russia in a nearby apartment. <a href="/wiki/Tom_Stoppard" title="Tom Stoppard">Tom Stoppard</a> used this coincidence as a premise for his play <i><a href="/wiki/Travesties" title="Travesties">Travesties</a></i> (1974), which includes Tzara, Lenin, and <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a> as characters. French writer Dominique Noguez imagined Lenin as a member of the Dada group in his tongue-in-cheek <i>Lénine Dada</i> (1989). </p><p>The former building of the Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied from January to March 2002, by a group proclaiming themselves <a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada" title="Neo-Dada">Neo-Dadaists</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Divo" title="Mark Divo">Mark Divo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group included <a href="/wiki/Leumund_Cult" class="mw-redirect" title="Leumund Cult">Jan Thieler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingo_Giezendanner" title="Ingo Giezendanner">Ingo Giezendanner</a>, Aiana Calugar, <a href="/wiki/Lennie_Lee" title="Lennie Lee">Lennie Lee</a>, and Dan Jones. After their eviction, the space was turned into a museum dedicated to the history of Dada. The work of Lee and Jones remained on the walls of the new museum. </p><p>Several notable <a href="/wiki/Retrospective" title="Retrospective">retrospectives</a> have examined the influence of Dada upon art and society. In 1967, a large Dada retrospective was held in Paris. In 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a> in New York City mounted a Dada exhibition in partnership with the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a> in Washington, D.C., and the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Pompidou" title="Centre Pompidou">Centre Pompidou</a> in Paris. The <a href="/wiki/LTM_Recordings" title="LTM Recordings">LTM</a> label has released a large number of Dada-related sound recordings, including interviews with artists such as Tzara, Picabia, Schwitters, Arp, and Huelsenbeck, and musical repertoire including Satie, Ribemont-Dessaignes, Picabia, and Nelly van Doesburg.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Musician <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a> was a self-proclaimed Dadaist after learning of the movement:</p><blockquote><p>In the early days, I didn't even know what to call the stuff my life was made of. You can imagine my delight when I discovered that someone in a distant land had the same idea—AND a nice, short name for it.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>David Bowie adapted William S. Burrough's cut-up technique for writing lyrics and Kurt Cobain also admittedly used this method for many of his Nirvana lyrics, including <i><a href="/wiki/In_Bloom" title="In Bloom">In Bloom</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_techniques_developed">Art techniques developed</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Art techniques developed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dadaism also blurred the line between literary and visual arts: </p> <blockquote><p>Dada is the groundwork to abstract art and sound poetry, a starting point for performance art, a prelude to <a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">postmodernism</a>, an influence on <a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">pop art</a>, a celebration of antiart to be later embraced for anarcho-political uses in the 1960s and the movement that laid the foundation for <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collage">Collage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Collage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dadaists imitated the techniques developed during the cubist movement through the pasting of cut pieces of paper items, but extended their art to encompass items such as transportation tickets, maps, plastic wrappers, etc. to portray aspects of life, rather than representing objects viewed as still life. They also invented the "chance <a href="/wiki/Collage" title="Collage">collage</a>" technique, involving dropping torn scraps of paper onto a larger sheet and then pasting the pieces wherever they landed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cut-up_technique">Cut-up technique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Cut-up technique"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cut-up_technique" title="Cut-up technique">Cut-up technique</a> is an extension of collage to words themselves, <a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tristan Tzara</a> describes this in the Dada Manifesto:<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="margin-left: 2em;" class="poem"> <p>TO MAKE A DADAIST POEM<br /> Take a newspaper.<br /> Take some scissors.<br /> Choose from this paper an article of the length you want to make your poem.<br /> Cut out the article.<br /> Next carefully cut out each of the words that makes up this article and put them all in a bag.<br /> Shake gently.<br /> Next take out each cutting one after the other.<br /> Copy conscientiously in the order in which they left the bag.<br /> The poem will resemble you.<br /> And there you are – an infinitely original author of charming sensibility, even though unappreciated by the vulgar herd. </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Photomontage">Photomontage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Photomontage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ABCD-Hausmann.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/df/ABCD-Hausmann.jpg/170px-ABCD-Hausmann.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/df/ABCD-Hausmann.jpg/255px-ABCD-Hausmann.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/df/ABCD-Hausmann.jpg/340px-ABCD-Hausmann.jpg 2x" data-file-width="866" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption>Raoul Hausmann, <i>ABCD</i> (self-portrait), a photomontage from 1923 to 1924</figcaption></figure> <p>The Dadaists – the "monteurs" (mechanics) – used scissors and glue rather than paintbrushes and paints to express their views of modern life through images presented by the media. A variation on the collage technique, photomontage utilized actual or reproductions of real photographs printed in the press. In Cologne, <a href="/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Max Ernst</a> used images from the First World War to illustrate messages of the destruction of war.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Berlin photomontages were assembled, like engines, the (non)relationships among the disparate elements were more rhetorical than real.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assemblage">Assemblage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Assemblage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Assemblage_(art)" title="Assemblage (art)">assemblages</a> were three-dimensional variations of the collage – the assembly of everyday objects to produce meaningful or meaningless (relative to the war) pieces of work including war objects and trash. Objects were nailed, screwed or fastened together in different fashions. Assemblages could be seen in the round or could be hung on a wall.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Readymades">Readymades</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Readymades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a> began to view the manufactured objects of his collection as objects of art, which he called "<a href="/wiki/Readymades_of_Marcel_Duchamp" title="Readymades of Marcel Duchamp">readymades</a>". He would add signatures and titles to some, converting them into artwork that he called "readymade aided" or "rectified readymades". Duchamp wrote: "One important characteristic was the short sentence which I occasionally inscribed on the 'readymade.' That sentence, instead of describing the object like a title, was meant to carry the mind of the spectator towards other regions more verbal. Sometimes I would add a graphic detail of presentation which in order to satisfy my craving for alliterations, would be called 'readymade aided.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One such example of Duchamp's readymade works is the urinal that was turned onto its back, signed "R. Mutt", titled <i><a href="/wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp)" title="Fountain (Duchamp)">Fountain</a></i>, and submitted to the Society of Independent Artists exhibition that year, though it was not displayed. </p><p>Many young artists in America embraced the theories and ideas espoused by Duchamp. Robert Rauschenberg in particular was very influenced by Dadaism and tended to use found objects in his collages as a means of dissolving the boundary between high and low culture.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artists">Artists</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Artists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragan_Aleksi%C4%87" title="Dragan Aleksić">Dragan Aleksić</a> (1901–1958), Yugoslavia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Aragon" title="Louis Aragon">Louis Aragon</a> (1897–1982), France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Arp" title="Jean Arp">Jean Arp</a> (1886–1966), Germany, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Taeuber-Arp" title="Sophie Taeuber-Arp">Sophie Taeuber-Arp</a> (1889–1943) Switzerland, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Baader" title="Johannes Baader">Johannes Baader</a> (1875–1955) Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ball" title="Hugo Ball">Hugo Ball</a> (1886–1927), Germany, Switzerland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">André Breton</a> (1896–1966), France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Covert_(painter)" title="John Covert (painter)">John Covert</a> (1882–1960), US</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Crotti" title="Jean Crotti">Jean Crotti</a> (1878–1958), France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Dix" title="Otto Dix">Otto Dix</a> (1891–1969), Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Doesburg" title="Theo van Doesburg">Theo van Doesburg</a> (1883–1931) Netherlands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a> (1887–1968), France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Duchamp" title="Suzanne Duchamp">Suzanne Duchamp</a> (1889–1963), France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_%C3%89luard" title="Paul Éluard">Paul Éluard</a> (1895–1952), France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Max Ernst</a> (1891–1976), Germany, US</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Julius Evola</a> (1898–1974), Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz">George Grosz</a> (1893–1959), Germany, France, US</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Hausmann" title="Raoul Hausmann">Raoul Hausmann</a> (1886–1971), Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Heartfield" title="John Heartfield">John Heartfield</a> (1891–1968), Germany, USSR, Czechoslovakia, UK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_H%C3%B6ch" title="Hannah Höch">Hannah Höch</a> (1889–1978), Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Huelsenbeck" title="Richard Huelsenbeck">Richard Huelsenbeck</a> (1892–1974), Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Hugnet" title="Georges Hugnet">Georges Hugnet</a> (1906–1974), France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Janco" title="Marcel Janco">Marcel Janco</a> (1895–1984), Romania, Israel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsa_von_Freytag-Loringhoven" title="Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven">Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven</a> (1874–1927), Germany, US</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_Pansaers" title="Clément Pansaers">Clément Pansaers</a> (1885–1922), Belgium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a> (1879–1953), France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Man Ray</a> (1890–1976), France, US</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Ribemont-Dessaignes" title="Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes">Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes</a> (1884–1974), France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Richter_(artist)" title="Hans Richter (artist)">Hans Richter</a>, Germany, Switzerland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Roche" title="Juliette Roche">Juliette Roche Gleizes</a> (1884–1980), France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schwitters" title="Kurt Schwitters">Kurt Schwitters</a> (1887–1948), Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Serner" title="Walter Serner">Walter Serner</a> (1889–1942), Austria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Soupault" title="Philippe Soupault">Philippe Soupault</a> (1897–1990), France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tristan Tzara</a> (1896–1963), Romania, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Wood" title="Beatrice Wood">Beatrice Wood</a> (1893–1998), US</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCmtaz_Zeki_Ta%C5%9Fk%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mümtaz Zeki Taşkın (page does not exist)">Mümtaz Zeki Taşkın</a> (1915-2013), Turkey</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erc%C3%BCment_Behzat_Lav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ercüment Behzat Lav (page does not exist)">Ercüment Behzat Lav</a> (1903-1984), Turkey</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_intervention" title="Art intervention">Art intervention</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dadaglobe" title="Dadaglobe">Dadaglobe</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dadaists" title="List of Dadaists">List of Dadaists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pater_la_bourgeoisie" title="Épater la bourgeoisie">Épater la bourgeoisie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happening" title="Happening">Happening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive art</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Destruction_Was_My_Beatrice" title="Destruction Was My Beatrice">Destruction Was My Beatrice</a></i>, history by Jed Resula</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corecore" title="Corecore">Corecore</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/themes/dada"><i>World War I and Dada</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031452/https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/themes/dada">Archived</a> 2017-12-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Museum of Modern Art (MoMA).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://joepwritesthehistoryofberlin.wordpress.com/2013/03/15/dada/">"Dadaism in Berlin. The radical opponents of the establishment and their (Un)organised contradictions"</a>. 15 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dadaism+in+Berlin.+The+radical+opponents+of+the+establishment+and+their+%28Un%29organised+contradictions&rft.date=2013-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjoepwritesthehistoryofberlin.wordpress.com%2F2013%2F03%2F15%2Fdada%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.johnheartfield.com/John-Heartfield-Exhibition/john-heartfield-art/german-dada-berlin-dada-art#:~:text=Berlin%20Dada%20was%20the%20center,(I%20Am%20The%20Walrus)">"Berlin Dada. The German Dada Artists of Berlin Club Dada Changed Modern Art. They Continue to Influence Modern Artist"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Berlin+Dada.+The+German+Dada+Artists+of+Berlin+Club+Dada+Changed+Modern+Art.+They+Continue+to+Influence+Modern+Artist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.johnheartfield.com%2FJohn-Heartfield-Exhibition%2Fjohn-heartfield-art%2Fgerman-dada-berlin-dada-art%23%3A~%3Atext%3DBerlin%2520Dada%2520was%2520the%2520center%2C%28I%2520Am%2520The%2520Walrus%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SF5QAAAAMAAJ">Francis M. Naumann, <i>New York Dada, 1915–23</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181028151526/https://books.google.fr/books?id=SF5QAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> 2018-10-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Abrams, 1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-81093676-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-81093676-3">0-81093676-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mario de Micheli (2006). <i>Las vanguardias artísticas del siglo XX.</i> Alianza Forma. pp. 135–137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smith_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrachtman" class="citation web cs1">Trachtman, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/dada-115169154/">"A Brief History of Dada"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116162058/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/dada-115169154/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+Dada&rft.aulast=Trachtman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Farts-culture%2Fdada-115169154%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schneede-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schneede_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schneede_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schneede_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneede1979" class="citation cs2">Schneede, Uwe M. (1979), <i>George Grosz, His life and work</i>, New York: Universe Books</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Grosz%2C+His+life+and+work&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Universe+Books&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Schneede&rft.aufirst=Uwe+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Budd-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Budd_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Budd_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Budd_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBudd2005" class="citation book cs1">Budd, Dona (2005). <i>The Language of Art Knowledge Cards</i>. Pomegranate Communications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780764915994" title="Special:BookSources/9780764915994"><bdi>9780764915994</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Language+of+Art+Knowledge+Cards&rft.pub=Pomegranate+Communications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780764915994&rft.aulast=Budd&rft.aufirst=Dona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://smarthistory.org/dada-performance/">"Dada Performance"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dada+Performance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsmarthistory.org%2Fdada-performance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Huelsenbeck" title="Richard Huelsenbeck">Richard Huelsenbeck</a>, <i>En avant Dada: Eine Geschichte des Dadaismus</i>, Paul Steegemann Verlag, Hannover, 1920, 1st ed. (<i>Die Silbergäule</i>): English translation in <a href="#CITEREFMotherwell1951">Motherwell 1951</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/dada">"Dada, Tate"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141026093455/http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/dada">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-10-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dada%2C+Tate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tate.org.uk%2Flearn%2Fonline-resources%2Fglossary%2Fd%2Fdada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8876246045">Timothy Stroud, Emanuela Di Lallo, 'Art of the Twentieth Century: 1900–1919, the avant-garde movements'</a>, Volume 1 of <i>Art of the Twentieth Century</i>, Skyra, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/887624604-5" title="Special:BookSources/887624604-5">887624604-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiddleton1962" class="citation journal cs1">Middleton, J. C. (1962). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Bolshevism in Art': Dada and Politics". <i><a href="/wiki/Texas_Studies_in_Literature_and_Language" title="Texas Studies in Literature and Language">Texas Studies in Literature and Language</a></i>. <b>4</b> (3): 408–430. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40753524">40753524</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Texas+Studies+in+Literature+and+Language&rft.atitle=%27Bolshevism+in+Art%27%3A+Dada+and+Politics&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=408-430&rft.date=1962&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40753524%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Middleton&rft.aufirst=J.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELantzHetrickKriebelYarborough2016-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELantzHetrickKriebelYarborough2016_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLantzHetrickKriebelYarborough2016">Lantz et al. 2016</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_ChilversJohn_Glaves-Smith2009" class="citation book cs1">Ian Chilvers; John Glaves-Smith, eds. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mwf6RVGYLjgC&pg=PA171">"Dada"</a>. <i>A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. 171–173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199239658" title="Special:BookSources/9780199239658"><bdi>9780199239658</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210302172317/https://books.google.com/books?id=mwf6RVGYLjgC&pg=PA171">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-03-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dada&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Modern+and+Contemporary+Art&rft.pages=171-173&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780199239658&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmwf6RVGYLjgC%26pg%3DPA171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theartstory.org/movement-dada.htm"><i>Dada</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170130075531/http://www.theartstory.org/movement-dada.htm">Archived</a> 2017-01-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The art story</i>, retrieved March 13, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/a/anti-art">"Anti-art, Art that challenges the existing accepted definitions of art, Tate"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170405055113/http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/a/anti-art">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-04-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anti-art%2C+Art+that+challenges+the+existing+accepted+definitions+of+art%2C+Tate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tate.org.uk%2Flearn%2Fonline-resources%2Fglossary%2Fa%2Fanti-art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oxfordart-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oxfordart_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oxfordart_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000021094?&mediaType=Article">"Dada"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dawn_Ad%C3%A8s" title="Dawn Adès">Dawn Adès</a> and Matthew Gale, <i><a href="/wiki/Grove_Art_Online" title="Grove Art Online">Grove Art Online</a></i>, Oxford University Press, 2009 <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180312144020/http://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000021094?&mediaType=Article">Archived</a> 2018-03-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roselee Goldberg, Thomas & Hudson, <i>L'univers de l'art</i>, Chapter 4, <i>Le surréalisme</i>, <i>Les représentations pré-Dada à Paris</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87811-380-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87811-380-8">978-2-87811-380-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecollector.com/hugo-ball-founder-of-the-dada-movement/">"Hugo Ball: Founder of the Dada Movement"</a>. March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hugo+Ball%3A+Founder+of+the+Dada+Movement&rft.date=2020-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecollector.com%2Fhugo-ball-founder-of-the-dada-movement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Oxford Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art</i>, Oxford University, pp. 171-173</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RichterAntiArt-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RichterAntiArt_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RichterAntiArt_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichter1965" class="citation cs2">Richter, Hans (1965), <i>Dada: Art and Anti-art</i>, New York and Toronto: Oxford University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dada%3A+Art+and+Anti-art&rft.place=New+York+and+Toronto&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Richter&rft.aufirst=Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sPGdBxzaWj0C&dq=%22Barcelona+and+developments+in+Zurich%22%2C+1916%E2%80%9320&pg=RA1-PA6">Joan M. Marter, <i>The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art, Volume 1</i>, Oxford University Press, 2011</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200209223618/https://books.google.com/books?id=sPGdBxzaWj0C&pg=RA1-PA6&lpg=RA1-PA6&dq=%22Barcelona+and+developments+in+Zurich%22,+1916%E2%80%9320&source=bl&ots=qbkgGKzLti&sig=WSVSo0NVM_bSoiKAaOMb-e-ez_E&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjS_IGtzcHRAhUMaxQKHdWzBGwQ6AEIJTAC#v=onepage&q=%22Barcelona%20and%20developments%20in%20Zurich%22%2C%201916%E2%80%9320&f=false">Archived</a> 2020-02-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 6, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195335791" title="Special:BookSources/0195335791">0195335791</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTzara1920" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tzara, Tristan (1920). "VII". <i>La Vie des Lettres</i> (in French). Paris.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=VII&rft.btitle=La+Vie+des+Lettres&rft.place=Paris&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Tzara&rft.aufirst=Tristan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081102003737/http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2006/dada/cities/index.shtm"><i>DADA: Cities</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2006/dada/cities/index.shtm">the original</a> on 2008-11-02<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-19</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DADA%3A+Cities&rft.pub=National+Gallery+of+Art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nga.gov%2Fexhibitions%2F2006%2Fdada%2Fcities%2Findex.shtm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gardners-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gardners_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gardners_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFred_S._Kleiner2006" class="citation cs2">Fred S. Kleiner (2006), <i>Gardner's Art Through the Ages</i> (12th ed.), Wadsworth Publishing, p. 754</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gardner%27s+Art+Through+the+Ages&rft.pages=754&rft.edition=12th&rft.pub=Wadsworth+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Fred+S.+Kleiner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?isbn=1118476182">Hopkins, David, <i>A Companion to Dada and Surrealism</i></a>, Volume 10 of Blackwell Companions to Art History, John Wiley & Sons, May 2, 2016, p. 83, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1118476182" title="Special:BookSources/1118476182">1118476182</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElger2004[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidY0ES7-5Hp7gCpgPA6_6]-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElger2004[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidY0ES7-5Hp7gCpgPA6_6]_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElger2004">Elger 2004</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0ES7-5Hp7gC&pg=PA6">6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotherwell1951[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotherwell1951[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMotherwell1951">Motherwell 1951</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-1010/dada-and-surrealism/dada2/a/dada-manifesto">"Tristan Tzara: Dada Manifesto 1918"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201130152553/https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-1010/dada-and-surrealism/dada2/a/dada-manifesto">Archived</a> 2020-11-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://writing.upenn.edu/library/Tzara_Dada-Manifesto_1918.pdf">text</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414175144/http://writing.upenn.edu/library/Tzara_Dada-Manifesto_1918.pdf">Archived</a> 2021-04-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) by Charles Cramer and Kim Grant, <a href="/wiki/Khan_Academy" title="Khan Academy">Khan Academy</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWellek1955" class="citation book cs1">Wellek, René (1955). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernc0000well"><i>A History of Modern Criticism: French, Italian and Spanish criticism, 1900-1950</i></a></span>. Yale University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernc0000well/page/91">91</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300054514" title="Special:BookSources/9780300054514"><bdi>9780300054514</bdi></a>. <q>Tzara second Dada manifesto,.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Criticism%3A+French%2C+Italian+and+Spanish+criticism%2C+1900-1950&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1955&rft.isbn=9780300054514&rft.aulast=Wellek&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofmodernc0000well&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovero2010" class="citation book cs1">Novero, Cecilia (2010). <i>Antidiets of the Avant-Garde</i>. University of Minnesota Press. p. 62.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antidiets+of+the+Avant-Garde&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Novero&rft.aufirst=Cecilia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElger2004[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidY0ES7-5Hp7gCpgPA7_7]-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElger2004[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidY0ES7-5Hp7gCpgPA7_7]_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElger2004">Elger 2004</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0ES7-5Hp7gC&pg=PA7">7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="rem" class="citation web cs1">Greeley, Anne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rem.routledge.com/articles/cabaret-voltaire">"Cabaret Voltaire"</a>. Routledge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190731060227/https://www.rem.routledge.com/articles/cabaret-voltaire">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cabaret+Voltaire&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.aulast=Greeley&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rem.routledge.com%2Farticles%2Fcabaret-voltaire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tom Sandqvist, <i>Dada East: The Romanians of Cabaret Voltaire</i>, London MIT Press, 2006.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (July 2019)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc2016-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc2016_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc2016_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20160719-cabaret-voltaire-a-night-out-at-historys-wildest-nightclub">"Cabaret Voltaire: A Night Out at History's Wildest Nightclub"</a>. BBC. 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190731081305/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20160719-cabaret-voltaire-a-night-out-at-historys-wildest-nightclub">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cabaret+Voltaire%3A+A+Night+Out+at+History%27s+Wildest+Nightclub&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fculture%2Fstory%2F20160719-cabaret-voltaire-a-night-out-at-historys-wildest-nightclub&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nga.gov-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nga.gov_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081102003737/http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2006/dada/cities/index.shtm">"Introduction: "Everybody can Dada"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2006/dada/cities/index.shtm">the original</a> on 2 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction%3A+%22Everybody+can+Dada%22&rft.pub=National+Gallery+of+Art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nga.gov%2Fexhibitions%2F2006%2Fdada%2Fcities%2Findex.shtm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marcel Janco, "Dada at Two Speeds," trans. in Lucy R. Lippard, Dadas on Art (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1971), p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2011" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, Ellen Jan (2011). Andrea, Alfred J. (ed.). <i>World History Encyclopedia</i>. ABC-CLIO – via Credo Reference.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Ellen+Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRasula2015" class="citation book cs1">Rasula, Jed (2015). <i>Destruction was My Beatrice: Dada and the Unmaking of the Twentieth Century</i>. New York: Basic Books. pp. 145–146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780465089963" title="Special:BookSources/9780465089963"><bdi>9780465089963</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Destruction+was+My+Beatrice%3A+Dada+and+the+Unmaking+of+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=145-146&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780465089963&rft.aulast=Rasula&rft.aufirst=Jed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Europe of Cultures. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fresques.ina.fr/europe-des-cultures-en/fiche-media/Europe00022/tristan-tzara-speaks-about-the-dada-movement.html">"Tristan Tzara speaks of the Dada Movement"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150704150729/http://fresques.ina.fr/europe-des-cultures-en/fiche-media/Europe00022/tristan-tzara-speaks-about-the-dada-movement.html">Archived</a> 2015-07-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, September 6, 1963. Retrieved on July 2, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElger2004[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidY0ES7-5Hp7gCpgPA35_35]-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElger2004[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidY0ES7-5Hp7gCpgPA35_35]_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElger2004">Elger 2004</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0ES7-5Hp7gC&pg=PA35">35</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaumann1994" class="citation book cs1">Naumann, Francis M. (1994). <i>New York Dada</i>. New York: Abrams. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0810936763" title="Special:BookSources/0810936763"><bdi>0810936763</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York+Dada&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Abrams&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0810936763&rft.aulast=Naumann&rft.aufirst=Francis+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichter1978" class="citation book cs1">Richter, Hans (1978). <i>Dada: Art and Anti-Art</i>. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810920033" title="Special:BookSources/9780810920033"><bdi>9780810920033</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dada%3A+Art+and+Anti-Art&rft.place=London&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9780810920033&rft.aulast=Richter&rft.aufirst=Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dada,_Dickermann_p443-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dada,_Dickermann_p443_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dada,_Dickermann_p443_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickermann2005" class="citation book cs1">Dickermann, leah (2005). <i>Dada</i>. Washington: National Gallery of Art. p. 443. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781933045207" title="Special:BookSources/9781933045207"><bdi>9781933045207</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dada&rft.place=Washington&rft.pages=443&rft.pub=National+Gallery+of+Art&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781933045207&rft.aulast=Dickermann&rft.aufirst=leah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dada, Dickermann, National Gallery of Art, Washington, 2006 p99</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchaefer2006" class="citation cs2">Schaefer, Robert A. (September 7, 2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071009091858/http://www.doubleexposure.com/DadaExhibit.shtml">"Das Ist Dada–An Exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in NYC"</a>, <i>Double Exposure</i>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doubleexposure.com/DadaExhibit.shtml">the original</a> on October 9, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Double+Exposure&rft.atitle=Das+Ist+Dada%E2%80%93An+Exhibition+at+the+Museum+of+Modern+Art+in+NYC&rft.date=2006-09-07&rft.aulast=Schaefer&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doubleexposure.com%2FDadaExhibit.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Independent-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Independent_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Independent_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/fountain-most-influential-piece-of-modern-art-673625.html,"><i>Fountain' most influential piece of modern art</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200124013046/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/fountain-most-influential-piece-of-modern-art-673625.html">Archived</a> 2020-01-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Independent, December 2, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4059997.stm">"Duchamp's urinal tops art survey"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200509234934/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4059997.stm">Archived</a> 2020-05-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> December 1, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duchamp, Marcel, translated and quoted in <a href="#CITEREFGammel2002">Gammel 2002</a>, p. 224</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGammel2002224–225-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGammel2002224–225_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGammel2002">Gammel 2002</a>, pp. 224–225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marc Dachy, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Dada : La révolte de l'art</i></span>, Paris, Gallimard / Centre Pompidou, collection "<a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9couvertes_Gallimard" title="Découvertes Gallimard">Découvertes Gallimard</a>" (nº 476), 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchippers1974" class="citation book cs1">Schippers, K. (1974). <i>Holland Dada</i>. Amsterdam: Querido.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holland+Dada&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=Querido&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Schippers&rft.aufirst=K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears (April 2022)">pages needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/dada/dadas/iliazd.htm">"Iliazd"</a>. The International Dada Archive, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">University of Iowa</a> Libraries<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iliazd&rft.pub=The+International+Dada+Archive%2C+University+of+Iowa+Libraries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsdrc.lib.uiowa.edu%2Fdada%2Fdadas%2Filiazd.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/dada/Ledantu/index.htm">"Lidantiu faram"</a>. <i>sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu&rft.atitle=Lidantiu+faram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsdrc.lib.uiowa.edu%2Fdada%2FLedantu%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mcbcollection.com/campaigns/view-campaign/h3U0q3BSQlWNi-BtuOXuBEjQT4I1bNfJzoOvuTnHJ0Z7AWlJjsbq_tD_FPaPJ7mtsO-_7ITI2Tck4KrWSx6KtJj9cQGmdM-K">"Iliazd: From 41° to Dada"</a>. <i>mcbcollection.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mcbcollection.com&rft.atitle=Iliazd%3A+From+41%C2%B0+to+Dada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmcbcollection.com%2Fcampaigns%2Fview-campaign%2Fh3U0q3BSQlWNi-BtuOXuBEjQT4I1bNfJzoOvuTnHJ0Z7AWlJjsbq_tD_FPaPJ7mtsO-_7ITI2Tck4KrWSx6KtJj9cQGmdM-K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monoskop.org/Zenit">"<i>Zenit: International Review of Arts and Culture</i>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170901114301/https://monoskop.org/Zenit">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-09-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zenit%3A+International+Review+of+Arts+and+Culture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmonoskop.org%2FZenit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dubravka Djurić, Miško Šuvaković. <i>Impossible Histories: Historical Avant-gardes, Neo-avant-gardes, and Post-avant-gardes in Yugoslavia, 1918–1991</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c8ZbINFYdVoC&pg=PA132">p. 132</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200226084947/https://books.google.com/books?id=c8ZbINFYdVoC&pg=PA132&lpg=PA132">Archived</a> 2020-02-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, MIT Press, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780262042161" title="Special:BookSources/9780262042161">9780262042161</a>; Jovanov Jasna, Kujundžić Dragan, "Yougo-Dada". <i>The Eastern Orbit: Russia, Georgia, Ukraine, Central Europe and Japan</i>, vol. IV of <i>Crisis and the Arts: The History of Dada</i>, general editor Stephen C. Foster, <a href="/wiki/G._K._Hall_%26_Co." title="G. K. Hall & Co.">G. K. Hall & Co.</a> 1996, 41–62 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780816105885" title="Special:BookSources/9780816105885">9780816105885</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJovanov1999[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJovanov1999[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_March_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(March_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJovanov1999">Jovanov 1999</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/dada/dadas/evola.htm">"Julius Evola – International Dada Archive"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130316131252/http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/dada/dadas/evola.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-03-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Julius+Evola+%E2%80%93+International+Dada+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsdrc.lib.uiowa.edu%2Fdada%2Fdadas%2Fevola.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m-78.jp/news/n-3812/"><bdi lang="ja">「三面怪人ダダ」が「ダダイズム100周年」を祝福!スイス大使館で開催された記者発表会に登場!</bdi></a> (in Japanese). m-78.jp. 2016-05-19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160623003238/http://m-78.jp/news/n-3812/">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-06-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%89%E9%9D%A2%E6%80%AA%E4%BA%BA+%E3%83%80%E3%83%80%E3%80%8D%E3%81%8C%E3%80%8C%E3%83%80%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A0100%E5%91%A8%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%8D%E3%82%92%E7%A5%9D%E7%A6%8F%21%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF%E9%A4%A8%E3%81%A7%E9%96%8B%E5%82%AC%E3%81%95%E3%82%8C%E3%81%9F%E8%A8%98%E8%80%85%E7%99%BA%E8%A1%A8%E4%BC%9A%E3%81%AB%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%B4%21&rft.pub=m-78.jp&rft.date=2016-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm-78.jp%2Fnews%2Fn-3812%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tokusatsunetwork.com/2016/05/dada-celebrates-dadaisms-birthday/">"Dada Celebrates Dadaism's 100th Anniversary"</a>. tokusatsunetwork.com. 2016-05-19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916130236/http://tokusatsunetwork.com/2016/05/dada-celebrates-dadaisms-birthday/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dada+Celebrates+Dadaism%27s+100th+Anniversary&rft.pub=tokusatsunetwork.com&rft.date=2016-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftokusatsunetwork.com%2F2016%2F05%2Fdada-celebrates-dadaisms-birthday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoke1987" class="citation news cs1">Loke, Margarett (November 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/01/magazine/butoh-dance-of-darkness.html">"Butoh: Dance of Darkness"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190925054359/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/01/magazine/butoh-dance-of-darkness.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-09-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Butoh%3A+Dance+of+Darkness&rft.date=1987-11&rft.aulast=Loke&rft.aufirst=Margarett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F11%2F01%2Fmagazine%2Fbutoh-dance-of-darkness.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RusDada-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RusDada_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RusDada_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RusDada_64-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargarita_TupitsynVictor_TupitsynOlga_Burenina-PetrovaNatasha_Kurchanova2018" class="citation book cs1">Margarita Tupitsyn; Victor Tupitsyn; Olga Burenina-Petrova; Natasha Kurchanova (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.museoreinasofia.es/sites/default/files/publicaciones/catalogosPDF/08_dada_ingles.imprenta.pdf"><i>Russian Dada: 1914-1924</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-8026-573-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-8026-573-7"><bdi>978-84-8026-573-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200720024215/https://www.museoreinasofia.es/sites/default/files/publicaciones/catalogosPDF/08_dada_ingles.imprenta.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russian+Dada%3A+1914-1924&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-84-8026-573-7&rft.au=Margarita+Tupitsyn&rft.au=Victor+Tupitsyn&rft.au=Olga+Burenina-Petrova&rft.au=Natasha+Kurchanova&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.museoreinasofia.es%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublicaciones%2FcatalogosPDF%2F08_dada_ingles.imprenta.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thecollector.com-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thecollector.com_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thecollector.com_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecollector.com/women-of-dada-art-movement/">"Here Are 5 Pioneering Women Of The Dada Art Movement"</a>. <i>TheCollector</i>. 2020-11-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Festival+Paris+Dada+%5BLTMCD+2513%5D+%7C+Avant-Garde+Art+%7C+LTM&rft.au=James+Hayward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ltmrecordings.com%2Ffestival_dada_paris_ltmcd2513.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngram2017" class="citation journal cs1">Ingram, Paul (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17077%2F0084-9537.1334">"Songs, Anti-Symphonies and Sodomist Music: Dadaist Music in Zurich, Berlin and Paris"</a>. <i>Dada/Surrealism</i>. <b>21</b>: 1–33. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17077%2F0084-9537.1334">10.17077/0084-9537.1334</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dada%2FSurrealism&rft.atitle=Songs%2C+Anti-Symphonies+and+Sodomist+Music%3A+Dadaist+Music+in+Zurich%2C+Berlin+and+Paris&rft.volume=21&rft.pages=1-33&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17077%2F0084-9537.1334&rft.aulast=Ingram&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.17077%252F0084-9537.1334&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLocher1999" class="citation cs2">Locher, David (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070223045916/http://www.sociology.org/content/vol004.001/locher.html">"Unacknowledged Roots and Blatant Imitation: Postmodernism and the Dada Movement"</a>, <i>Electronic Journal of Sociology</i>, <b>4</b> (1), archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sociology.org/content/vol004.001/locher.html">the original</a> on 2007-02-23<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-04-25</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Journal+of+Sociology&rft.atitle=Unacknowledged+Roots+and+Blatant+Imitation%3A+Postmodernism+and+the+Dada+Movement&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Locher&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sociology.org%2Fcontent%2Fvol004.001%2Flocher.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chumba.com/">"Chumbawamba"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170613052309/http://www.chumba.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chumbawamba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chumba.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.praguepost.com/articles/2006/11/01/a-work-in-process.php">2002 occupation by neo-Dadaists</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201235040/http://www.praguepost.com/articles/2006/11/01/a-work-in-process.php">Archived</a> 2008-12-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Prague Post</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ltmrecordings.com/fdrcat.html">"LTM Recordings"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120114113935/http://www.ltmrecordings.com/fdrcat.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-01-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LTM+Recordings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ltmrecordings.com%2Ffdrcat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Real_Frank_Zappa_Book" title="The Real Frank Zappa Book">The Real Frank Zappa Book</a></i>, p. 162</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/bowie-cut-up-technique.html">"How David Bowie, Kurt Cobain & Thom Yorke Write Songs With William Burroughs' Cut-Up Technique | Open Culture"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+David+Bowie%2C+Kurt+Cobain+%26+Thom+Yorke+Write+Songs+With+William+Burroughs%27+Cut-Up+Technique+%7C+Open+Culture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.openculture.com%2F2015%2F02%2Fbowie-cut-up-technique.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marc Lowenthal, translator's introduction to <a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a>'s <i>I Am a Beautiful Monster: Poetry, Prose, and Provocation</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.391.org/manifestos/19201212tristantzara_dmonflabl.htm">"manifestos: dada manifesto on feeble love and bitter love by tristan tzara, 12th december 1920"</a>. 391. 1920-12-12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724153638/http://www.391.org/manifestos/19201212tristantzara_dmonflabl.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-07-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=manifestos%3A+dada+manifesto+on+feeble+love+and+bitter+love+by+tristan+tzara%2C+12th+december+1920&rft.pub=391&rft.date=1920-12-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.391.org%2Fmanifestos%2F19201212tristantzara_dmonflabl.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110625072447/http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2006/dada/techniques/index.shtm">"DADA – Techniques – photomontage"</a>. Nga.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2006/dada/techniques/index.shtm">the original</a> on 2011-06-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DADA+%E2%80%93+Techniques+%E2%80%93+photomontage&rft.pub=Nga.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nga.gov%2Fexhibitions%2F2006%2Fdada%2Ftechniques%2Findex.shtm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillette" class="citation web cs1">Willette, Jeanne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arthistoryunstuffed.com/dada-and-the-photomontage/">"Dada and Photomontage | Art History Unstuffed"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dada+and+Photomontage+%7C+Art+History+Unstuffed&rft.aulast=Willette&rft.aufirst=Jeanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farthistoryunstuffed.com%2Fdada-and-the-photomontage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072920/http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2006/dada/techniques/assemblage.shtm">"DADA – Techniques – assemblage"</a>. Nga.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2006/dada/techniques/assemblage.shtm">the original</a> on 2011-07-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DADA+%E2%80%93+Techniques+%E2%80%93+assemblage&rft.pub=Nga.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nga.gov%2Fexhibitions%2F2006%2Fdada%2Ftechniques%2Fassemblage.shtm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Writings of Marcel Duchamp" <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-80341-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-80341-0">0-306-80341-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theartstory.org/definition/readymade-and-found-object/history-and-concepts/">"The Readymade – Development and Ideas"</a>. <i>The Art Story</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Art+Story&rft.atitle=The+Readymade+%E2%80%93+Development+and+Ideas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theartstory.org%2Fdefinition%2Freadymade-and-found-object%2Fhistory-and-concepts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <p><b>Sources</b> </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFElger2004"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietmar_Elger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietmar Elger (page does not exist)">Elger, Dietmar</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietmar_Elger" class="extiw" title="de:Dietmar Elger">de</a>]</span> (2004). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uta_Grosenick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uta Grosenick (page does not exist)">Uta Grosenick</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uta_Grosenick" class="extiw" title="de:Uta Grosenick">de</a>]</span> (ed.). <i>Dadaism</i>. Taschen. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783822829462" title="Special:BookSources/9783822829462">9783822829462</a>.</cite></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGammel2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Irene_Gammel" title="Irene Gammel">Gammel, Irene</a> (2002). <i>Baroness Elsa: Gender, Dada and Everyday Modernity</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baroness+Elsa%3A+Gender%2C+Dada+and+Everyday+Modernity&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Gammel&rft.aufirst=Irene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJovanov1999" class="citation book cs1">Jovanov, Jasna (1999). <i>Demistifikacija apokrifa: Dadaizam na jugoslovenskim prostorima</i>. Novi Sad: Apostrof.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Demistifikacija+apokrifa%3A+Dadaizam+na+jugoslovenskim+prostorima&rft.place=Novi+Sad&rft.pub=Apostrof&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Jovanov&rft.aufirst=Jasna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMotherwell1951" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Motherwell" title="Robert Motherwell">Motherwell, Robert</a> (1951). <i>The Dada Painters and Poets; an anthology</i>. New York: Wittenborn, Schultz. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1906000">1906000</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dada+Painters+and+Poets%3B+an+anthology&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Wittenborn%2C+Schultz&rft.date=1951&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1906000&rft.aulast=Motherwell&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLantzHetrickKriebelYarborough2016" class="citation book cs1">Lantz, Andy; Hetrick, Jay; Kriebel, Sabine; Yarborough, Tina; Archino, Sarah; Donkin, Hazel; Andrew, Nell (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rem.routledge.com/articles/overview/dadaism">"Dadaism"</a>. <i>Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism</i>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781135000356-remo26-1">10.4324/9781135000356-remo26-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-00035-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-00035-6"><bdi>978-1-135-00035-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dadaism&rft.btitle=Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+Modernism&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781135000356-remo26-1&rft.isbn=978-1-135-00035-6&rft.aulast=Lantz&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft.au=Hetrick%2C+Jay&rft.au=Kriebel%2C+Sabine&rft.au=Yarborough%2C+Tina&rft.au=Archino%2C+Sarah&rft.au=Donkin%2C+Hazel&rft.au=Andrew%2C+Nell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rem.routledge.com%2Farticles%2Foverview%2Fdadaism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADada" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 45em;"> <ul><li><i>The Dada Almanac</i>, ed. <a href="/wiki/Richard_Huelsenbeck" title="Richard Huelsenbeck">Richard Huelsenbeck</a> [1920], re-edited and translated by Malcolm Green et al., <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Press" title="Atlas Press">Atlas Press</a>, with texts by Hans Arp, Johannes Baader, Hugo Ball, Paul Citröen, Paul Dermée, Daimonides, Max Goth, John Heartfield, Raoul Hausmann, Richard Huelsenbeck, Vincente Huidobro, Mario D'Arezzo, Adon Lacroix, Walter Mehring, Francis Picabia, Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes, Alexander Sesqui, Philippe Soupault, Tristan Tzara. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-947757-62-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-947757-62-7">0-947757-62-7</a></li> <li><i>Blago Bung, Blago Bung</i>, Hugo Ball's Tenderenda, Richard Huelsenbeck's Fantastic Prayers, & Walter Serner's Last Loosening – three key texts of Zurich ur-Dada. Translated and introduced by Malcolm Green. <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Press" title="Atlas Press">Atlas Press</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-947757-86-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-947757-86-4">0-947757-86-4</a></li> <li>Ball, Hugo. <i>Flight Out Of Time</i> (University of California Press: Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanne_Bergius" title="Hanne Bergius">Bergius, Hanne</a> <i>Dada in Europa – Dokumente und Werke</i> (co-ed. Eberhard Roters), in: <i>Tendenzen der zwanziger Jahre</i>. 15. Europäische Kunstausstellung, Catalogue, Vol.III, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1977. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-496-01000-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-496-01000-5">978-3-496-01000-5</a></li> <li>Bergius, Hanne <i>Das Lachen Dadas. Die Berliner Dadaisten und ihre Aktionen</i>. Gießen: Anabas-Verlag 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-870-38141-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-870-38141-7">978-3-870-38141-7</a></li> <li>Bergius, Hanne <i>Dada Triumphs! Dada Berlin, 1917–1923. Artistry of Polarities. Montages – Metamechanics – Manifestations</i>. Translated by Brigitte Pichon. Vol. V. of the ten editions of <i>Crisis and the Arts: the History of Dada</i>, ed. by Stephen Foster, New Haven, Connecticut, Thomson/Gale 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-816173-55-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-816173-55-6">978-0-816173-55-6</a>.</li> <li>Jones, Dafydd W. <i>Dada 1916 In Theory: Practices of Critical Resistance</i> (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2014). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-781-380-208" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-781-380-208">978-1-781-380-208</a></li> <li>Biro, M. <i>The Dada Cyborg: Visions of the New Human in Weimar Berlin</i>. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8166-3620-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8166-3620-6">0-8166-3620-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Dachy" title="Marc Dachy">Dachy, Marc</a>. Journal du mouvement Dada 1915–1923, Genève, Albert Skira, 1989 (Grand Prix du Livre d'Art, 1990)</li> <li><i>Dada & les dadaïsmes</i>, Paris, Gallimard, Folio Essais, n° 257, 1994.</li> <li><i>Dada : La révolte de l'art</i>, Paris, Gallimard / Centre Pompidou, collection "<a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9couvertes_Gallimard" title="Découvertes Gallimard">Découvertes Gallimard</a>" (nº 476), 2005.</li> <li><i>Archives Dada / Chronique</i>, Paris, Hazan, 2005.</li> <li><i>Dada, catalogue d'exposition</i>, Centre Pompidou, 2005.</li> <li>Durozoi, Gérard. <i>Dada et les arts rebelles</i>, Paris, Hazan, Guide des Arts, 2005</li> <li>Hoffman, Irene. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artic.edu/reynolds/essays/hofmann.php"><i>Documents of Dada and Surrealism: Dada and Surrealist Journals in the Mary Reynolds Collection</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513235907/http://www.artic.edu/reynolds/essays/hofmann.php">Archived</a> 2011-05-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ryerson and Burnham Libraries, The Art Institute of Chicago.</li> <li>Hopkins, David, <i>A Companion to Dada and Surrealism</i>, Volume 10 of Blackwell Companions to Art History, John Wiley & Sons, May 2, 2016, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1118476182" title="Special:BookSources/1118476182">1118476182</a></li> <li>Huelsenbeck, Richard. <i>Memoirs of a Dada Drummer</i>, (University of California Press: Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1991)</li> <li>Jones, Dafydd. <i>Dada Culture</i> (New York and Amsterdam: Rodopi Verlag, 2006)</li> <li>Lavin, Maud. <i>Cut With the Kitchen Knife: The Weimar Photomontages of Hannah Höch</i>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.</li> <li>Lemoine, Serge. <i>Dada</i>, Paris, Hazan, coll. L'Essentiel.</li> <li>Lista, Giovanni. <i>Dada libertin & libertaire</i>, Paris, L'insolite, 2005.</li> <li>Melzer, Annabelle. 1976. <i>Dada and Surrealist Performance</i>. PAJ Books ser. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins UP, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-4845-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-4845-8">0-8018-4845-8</a>.</li> <li>Novero, Cecilia. "Antidiets of the Avant-Garde: From Futurist Cooking to Eat Art". (University of Minnesota Press, 2010)</li> <li>Richter, Hans. <i>Dada: Art and Anti-Art</i> (London: Thames and Hudson, 1965)</li> <li>Sanouillet, Michel. <i>Dada à Paris</i>, Paris, Jean-Jacques Pauvert, 1965, Flammarion, 1993, CNRS, 2005</li> <li>Sanouillet, Michel. <i>Dada in Paris</i>, Cambridge, Massachusetts, The MIT Press, 2009</li> <li>Schneede, Uwe M. <i>George Grosz, His life and work</i> (New York: Universe Books, 1979)</li> <li>Verdier, Aurélie. <i>L'ABCdaire de Dada</i>, Paris, Flammarion, 2005.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1968: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RHBw6VwY3Io"><span class="plainlinks">Germany-DADA: An Alphabet of German DADAism</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>, Documentary by Universal Education, Presented By Kartes Video Communications, 56 Minutes</li> <li>1971: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FXv68H0O4g"><span class="plainlinks">DADA 'Archives du XXe siècle'</span></a> on YouTube, Une émission produite par Jean José Marchand, réalisée par Philippe Collin et Hubert Knapp, Ce documentaire a été diffusé pour la première fois sur la RTF le 28.03.1971, 267 min.</li> <li>2016: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.srf.ch/sendungen/sternstunde-kunst/das-prinzip-dada-3">Das Prinzip Dada</a></i>, Documentary by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Rumjanzewa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marina Rumjanzewa (page does not exist)">Marina Rumjanzewa</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Rumjanzewa" class="extiw" title="de:Marina Rumjanzewa">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Schweizer_Radio_und_Fernsehen" title="Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen">Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sternstunde_Kunst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sternstunde Kunst (page does not exist)">Sternstunde Kunst</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sternstunde_Kunst" class="extiw" title="de:Sternstunde Kunst">de</a>]</span></i>), 52 Minutes <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li>2016 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2QcemEji-UU"><span class="plainlinks">Dada Art Movement History – "Dada on Tour"</span></a> on YouTube, Bruno Art Group in collaboration with Cabaret Voltaire & Art Stage Singapore 2016, 27 minutes</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dada&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Dada" class="extiw" title="q:Dada">Dada</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Dada</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Dada">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Dada&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161214211903/http://www.dada-companion.com/">Dada Companion</a>, bibliographies, chronology, artists' profiles, places, techniques, reception</li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/dada/">International Dada Archive</a>, University of Iowa, early Dada periodicals, online scans of publications</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dadart.com/dadaism/dada/index.html">Dadart</a>, history, bibliography, documents, and news</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ltmrecordings.com/fdrcat.html">Dada audio recordings at LTM</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bibliothequekandinsky.centrepompidou.fr/clientBookline/service/reference.asp?INSTANCE=incipio&OUTPUT=PORTAL&DOCID=0473982&DOCBASE=CGPP">New York dada (magazine), Marcel Duchamp and Man Ray, April, 1921</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220519053858/http://bibliothequekandinsky.centrepompidou.fr/clientBookline/service/reference.asp?INSTANCE=incipio&OUTPUT=PORTAL&DOCID=0473982&DOCBASE=CGPP">Archived</a> 2022-05-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Bibliothèque Kandinsky, Centre Pompidou (access online)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.kunsthaus.ch/dadaismus/en">Kunsthaus Zürich</a>, one of the world's largest Dada collections</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/dada-115169154/">"A Brief History of Dada"</a>, <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-1010/wwi-dada/dada1/a/introduction-to-dada">Introduction to Dada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khan_Academy" title="Khan Academy">Khan Academy</a> Art 1010</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090114080143/http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2006/dada/cities/index.shtm">National Gallery of Art 2006 Dada Exhibition</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Search/Home?lookfor=%22%20Dadaism%22&searchtype=subject&ft=ft&setft=true">Hathi Trust full-text Dadaism publications online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://exchange.umma.umich.edu/resources/23677">Collection: "Dada and Neo-Dada"</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Museum_of_Art" title="University of Michigan Museum of Art">University of Michigan Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_boston-phoenix_1982-02-23_11_8/page/n56/mode/1up"><i>Dada</i></a> - a theater piece directed by James Williams</li></ul> <p><b>Manifestos</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dada_Manifesto_(1916,_Hugo_Ball)" class="extiw" title="s:Dada Manifesto (1916, Hugo Ball)">Text of Hugo Ball's 1916 Dada Manifesto</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.391.org/manifestos/19180323tristantzara_dadamanifesto.htm">Text of Tristan Tzara's 1918 Dada Manifesto</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english.upenn.edu/~jenglish/English104/tzara.html">Excerpts of Tristan Tzara's Dada Manifesto (1918) and Lecture on Dada (1922)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://keever.us/tzaraseven.pdf">Seven Dada Manifestos by Tristan Tzara</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Dada" title="New York Dada">New York Dada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Man Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Wood" title="Beatrice Wood">Beatrice Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Var%C3%A8se" title="Louise Varèse">Louise Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsa_von_Freytag-Loringhoven" title="Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven">Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Roche" title="Juliette Roche">Juliette Roche Gleizes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Crotti" title="Jean Crotti">Jean Crotti</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Theo_van_Doesburg_Dadamatin%C3%A9e.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Theo_van_Doesburg_Dadamatin%C3%A9e.jpg/100px-Theo_van_Doesburg_Dadamatin%C3%A9e.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Theo_van_Doesburg_Dadamatin%C3%A9e.jpg/150px-Theo_van_Doesburg_Dadamatin%C3%A9e.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Theo_van_Doesburg_Dadamatin%C3%A9e.jpg/200px-Theo_van_Doesburg_Dadamatin%C3%A9e.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="525" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">European Dada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragan_Aleksi%C4%87" title="Dragan Aleksić">Dragan Aleksić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Aragon" title="Louis Aragon">Louis Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Arp" title="Jean Arp">Jean Arp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Baader" title="Johannes Baader">Johannes Baader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Bailly" title="Alice Bailly">Alice Bailly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ball" title="Hugo Ball">Hugo Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">André Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabri%C3%A8le_Buffet-Picabia" title="Gabrièle Buffet-Picabia">Gabrièle Buffet-Picabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Charchoune" title="Serge Charchoune">Serge Charchoune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cravan" title="Arthur Cravan">Arthur Cravan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Crotti" title="Jean Crotti">Jean Crotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Dix" title="Otto Dix">Otto Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Doesburg" title="Theo van Doesburg">Theo van Doesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Duchamp" title="Suzanne Duchamp">Suzanne Duchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_%C3%89luard" title="Paul Éluard">Paul Éluard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Max Ernst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Julius Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz">George Grosz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Hausmann" title="Raoul Hausmann">Raoul Hausmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Heartfield" title="John Heartfield">John Heartfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmy_Hennings" title="Emmy Hennings">Emmy Hennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_H%C3%B6ch" title="Hannah Höch">Hannah Höch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Huelsenbeck" title="Richard Huelsenbeck">Richard Huelsenbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Zdanevich" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilya Zdanevich">Iliazd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Janco" title="Marcel Janco">Marcel Janco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsa_von_Freytag-Loringhoven" title="Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven">Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_Pansaers" title="Clément Pansaers">Clément Pansaers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Francis Picabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Man Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Ribemont-Dessaignes" title="Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes">Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Rigaut" title="Jacques Rigaut">Jacques Rigaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri-Pierre_Roch%C3%A9" title="Henri-Pierre Roché">Henri-Pierre Roché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schwitters" title="Kurt Schwitters">Kurt Schwitters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Serner" title="Walter Serner">Walter Serner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Soupault" title="Philippe Soupault">Philippe Soupault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Taeuber-Arp" title="Sophie Taeuber-Arp">Sophie Taeuber-Arp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julien_Torma" title="Julien Torma">Julien Torma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tristan Tzara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Vach%C3%A9" title="Jacques Vaché">Jacques Vaché</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_Wheel" title="Bicycle Wheel">Bicycle Wheel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bottle_Rack" title="Bottle Rack">Bottle Rack</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp)" title="Fountain (Duchamp)">Fountain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dada-Review" title="Dada-Review">Dada-Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_a_Broken_Arm" class="mw-redirect" title="Prelude to a Broken Arm">Prelude to a Broken Arm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_Not_Sneeze,_Rose_S%C3%A9lavy%3F" title="Why Not Sneeze, Rose Sélavy?">Why Not Sneeze, Rose Sélavy?</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L.H.O.O.Q." title="L.H.O.O.Q.">L.H.O.O.Q.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tulip_Hysteria_Co-ordinating" title="Tulip Hysteria Co-ordinating">Tulip Hysteria Co-ordinating</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rrose_S%C3%A9lavy" class="mw-redirect" title="Rrose Sélavy">Rrose Sélavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Readymades_of_Marcel_Duchamp" title="Readymades of Marcel Duchamp">Readymades of Marcel Duchamp</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gas_Heart" title="The Gas Heart">The Gas Heart</a></i> (1921 play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Handkerchief_of_Clouds" title="Handkerchief of Clouds">Handkerchief of Clouds</a></i> (1924 play)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dada_Manifesto" title="Dada Manifesto">Dada Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/291_(magazine)" title="291 (magazine)"><i>291</i> (magazine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/391_(magazine)" title="391 (magazine)"><i>391</i> (magazine)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blind_Man" title="The Blind Man">The Blind Man</a></i> (magazine)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dadaglobe" title="Dadaglobe">Dadaglobe</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jarry" title="Alfred Jarry">Alfred Jarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Bataille" class="extiw" title="fr:Eugène Bataille">Eugène Bataille</a> (aka Sapeck)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parade_(ballet)" title="Parade (ballet)"><i>Parade</i> (ballet)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_r%C3%A9alisme" title="Nouveau réalisme">Nouveau réalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monochrome_painting" title="Monochrome painting">Monochrome painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_music" title="Downtown music">Downtown music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz" title="Alfred Stieglitz">Alfred Stieglitz</a> (photographer, art promoter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Conrad_Arensberg" title="Walter Conrad Arensberg">Walter Conrad Arensberg</a> (art collector)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/291_(art_gallery)" title="291 (art gallery)">291 (art gallery)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeries_Dalmau" title="Galeries Dalmau">Galeries Dalmau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_object" title="Found object">Found object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">Anti-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_the_arts" title="Anarchism and the arts">Anarchism and the arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-anti-art" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-anti-art">Anti-anti-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-poetry" title="Anti-poetry">Anti-poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation (art)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_intervention" title="Art intervention">Art intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabaret_Voltaire_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="Cabaret Voltaire (Zürich)">Cabaret Voltaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_music" title="Noise music">Noise music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pater_la_bourgeoisie" title="Épater la bourgeoisie">Épater la bourgeoisie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_art" title="Shock art">Shock art</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Wood:_Mama_of_Dada" title="Beatrice Wood: Mama of Dada">Beatrice Wood: Mama of Dada</a></i> (1993 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_and_Boy:_Dada" title="Man and Boy: Dada">Man and Boy: Dada</a></i> (2006 opera)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modernism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modernism" title="Template:Modernism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modernism" title="Template talk:Modernism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modernism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modernism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Acmeist_poetry" title="Acmeist poetry">Acmeism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ashcan_School" title="Ashcan School">Ashcan School</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Der_Blaue_Reiter" title="Der Blaue Reiter">Der Blaue Reiter</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Die_Br%C3%BCcke" title="Die Brücke">Die Brücke</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Expressionist_music" title="Expressionist music">Music</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Imagism" title="Imagism">Imagism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></i></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Synchromism" title="Synchromism">Synchromism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tonalism" title="Tonalism">Tonalism</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_arts#Literary_arts" title="The arts">Literary arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literary_modernism" title="Literary modernism">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire" title="Guillaume Apollinaire">Apollinaire</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Djuna_Barnes" title="Djuna Barnes">Barnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Bely" title="Andrei Bely">Bely</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">Breton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Broch" title="Hermann Broch">Broch</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov">Bulgakov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Conrad" title="Joseph Conrad">Conrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_D%C3%B6blin" title="Alfred Döblin">Döblin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/E._M._Forster" title="E. M. Forster">Forster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">Faulkner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Flaubert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Madox_Ford" title="Ford Madox Ford">Ford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">Gide</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Hamsun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Ha%C5%A1ek" title="Jaroslav Hašek">Hašek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Hemingway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hesse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">Joyce</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Kafka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Koestler" title="Arthur Koestler">Koestler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/D._H._Lawrence" title="D. H. Lawrence">Lawrence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Mansfield" title="Katherine Mansfield">Mansfield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Marinetti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Musil" title="Robert Musil">Musil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Dos_Passos" title="John Dos Passos">Dos Passos</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Platonov" title="Andrei Platonov">Platonov</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Anne_Porter" title="Katherine Anne Porter">Porter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Proust</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Stein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italo_Svevo" title="Italo Svevo">Svevo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Unamuno" title="Miguel de Unamuno">Unamuno</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Woolf</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_poetry" title="Modernist poetry">Poetry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Akhmatova" title="Anna Akhmatova">Akhmatova</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Aldington" title="Richard Aldington">Aldington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">Auden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constantine_P._Cavafy" title="Constantine P. Cavafy">Cavafy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Cendrars" title="Blaise Cendrars">Cendrars</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hart_Crane" title="Hart Crane">Crane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/H.D." title="H.D.">H.D.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Desnos" title="Robert Desnos">Desnos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_%C3%89luard" title="Paul Éluard">Éluard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Elytis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stefan_George" title="Stefan George">George</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Jacob" title="Max Jacob">Jacob</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca" title="Federico García Lorca">Lorca</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amy_Lowell" title="Amy Lowell">Lowell (Amy)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowell" title="Robert Lowell">Lowell (Robert)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Mallarm%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Mallarmé">Mallarmé</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Moore" title="Marianne Moore">Moore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Owen" title="Wilfred Owen">Owen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Pessoa" title="Fernando Pessoa">Pessoa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Pound</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Maria_Rilke" title="Rainer Maria Rilke">Rilke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Seferis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Stevens" title="Wallace Stevens">Stevens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas" title="Dylan Thomas">Thomas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tzara</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Val%C3%A9ry" title="Paul Valéry">Valéry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Carlos_Williams" title="William Carlos Williams">Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">Yeats</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_Lost_Time" title="In Search of Lost Time">In Search of Lost Time</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1913–1927)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Metamorphosis" title="The Metamorphosis">The Metamorphosis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1915)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1922)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Waste_Land" title="The Waste Land">The Waste Land</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1922)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Mountain" title="The Magic Mountain">The Magic Mountain</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1924)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mrs_Dalloway" title="Mrs Dalloway">Mrs Dalloway</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_Also_Rises" title="The Sun Also Rises">The Sun Also Rises</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1926)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Master_and_Margarita" title="The Master and Margarita">The Master and Margarita</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1928–1940)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury" title="The Sound and the Fury">The Sound and the Fury</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1929)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Painting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josef_Albers" title="Josef Albers">Albers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Arp" title="Jean Arp">Arp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Balthus" title="Balthus">Balthus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Bellows" title="George Bellows">Bellows</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Boccioni" title="Umberto Boccioni">Boccioni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard" title="Pierre Bonnard">Bonnard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Br%C3%A2ncu%C8%99i" title="Constantin Brâncuși">Brâncuși</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Braque</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Calder" title="Alexander Calder">Calder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Cassatt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Cézanne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Chagall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico" title="Giorgio de Chirico">Chirico</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Camille_Claudel" title="Camille Claudel">Claudel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Dalí</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Degas" title="Edgar Degas">Degas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning" title="Willem de Kooning">Kooning</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Delaunay" title="Robert Delaunay">Delaunay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Delaunay" title="Sonia Delaunay">Delaunay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Demuth" title="Charles Demuth">Demuth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Dix" title="Otto Dix">Dix</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Doesburg" title="Theo van Doesburg">Doesburg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Duchamp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dufy" title="Raoul Dufy">Dufy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Ensor" title="James Ensor">Ensor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Ernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Gauguin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti" title="Alberto Giacometti">Giacometti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Goncharova" title="Natalia Goncharova">Goncharova</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Gris" title="Juan Gris">Gris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Grosz" title="George Grosz">Grosz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hannah_H%C3%B6ch" title="Hannah Höch">Höch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hopper" title="Edward Hopper">Hopper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frida_Kahlo" title="Frida Kahlo">Kahlo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky" title="Wassily Kandinsky">Kandinsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ludwig_Kirchner" title="Ernst Ludwig Kirchner">Kirchner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Klee" title="Paul Klee">Klee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Kokoschka" title="Oskar Kokoschka">Kokoschka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Léger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Magritte" title="René Magritte">Magritte</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazimir_Malevich" title="Kazimir Malevich">Malevich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Manet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Marc" title="Franz Marc">Marc</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Matisse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Metzinger" title="Jean Metzinger">Metzinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Miró</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Modigliani" title="Amedeo Modigliani">Modigliani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Piet_Mondrian" title="Piet Mondrian">Mondrian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Monet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Moore" title="Henry Moore">Moore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Munch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emil_Nolde" title="Emil Nolde">Nolde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">O'Keeffe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Picabia" title="Francis Picabia">Picabia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Picasso</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Pissarro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Ray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odilon_Redon" title="Odilon Redon">Redon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Renoir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Rodin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Rousseau" title="Henri Rousseau">Rousseau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Egon_Schiele" title="Egon Schiele">Schiele</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Seurat" title="Georges Seurat">Seurat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Signac" title="Paul Signac">Signac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sisley" title="Alfred Sisley">Sisley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Soutine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaim Soutine">Soutine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Steichen" title="Edward Steichen">Steichen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz" title="Alfred Stieglitz">Stieglitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Toulouse-Lautrec</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Van Gogh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Vuillard" title="Édouard Vuillard">Vuillard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grant_Wood" title="Grant Wood">Wood</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chantal_Akerman" title="Chantal Akerman">Akerman</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Aldrich" title="Robert Aldrich">Aldrich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Antonioni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tex_Avery" title="Tex Avery">Avery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Bergman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bresson" title="Robert Bresson">Bresson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Buñuel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Carn%C3%A9" title="Marcel Carné">Carné</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Cassavetes" title="John Cassavetes">Cassavetes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Chaplin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Clair" title="René Clair">Clair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Cocteau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jules_Dassin" title="Jules Dassin">Dassin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maya_Deren" title="Maya Deren">Deren</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dovzhenko" title="Alexander Dovzhenko">Dovzhenko</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Theodor_Dreyer" title="Carl Theodor Dreyer">Dreyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blake_Edwards" title="Blake Edwards">Edwards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein" title="Sergei Eisenstein">Eisenstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Epstein" title="Jean Epstein">Epstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Werner_Fassbinder" title="Rainer Werner Fassbinder">Fassbinder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Fellini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Flaherty" title="Robert J. Flaherty">Flaherty</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">Ford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Fuller" title="Samuel Fuller">Fuller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abel_Gance" title="Abel Gance">Gance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Godard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hubley" title="John Hubley">Hubley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Jones" title="Chuck Jones">Jones</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Keaton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Kubrick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lev_Kuleshov" title="Lev Kuleshov">Kuleshov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Kurosawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Lang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Losey" title="Joseph Losey">Losey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ida_Lupino" title="Ida Lupino">Lupino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Marker" title="Chris Marker">Marker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Minnelli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/F._W._Murnau" title="F. W. Murnau">Murnau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yasujir%C5%8D_Ozu" title="Yasujirō Ozu">Ozu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/G._W._Pabst" title="G. W. Pabst">Pabst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Pudovkin" title="Vsevolod Pudovkin">Pudovkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ray" title="Nicholas Ray">Ray (Nicholas)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Ray (Satyajit)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Resnais" title="Alain Resnais">Resnais</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Renoir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Rossellini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Sirk" title="Douglas Sirk">Sirk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Sj%C3%B6str%C3%B6m" title="Victor Sjöström">Sjöström</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josef_von_Sternberg" title="Josef von Sternberg">Sternberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Tarkovsky" title="Andrei Tarkovsky">Tarkovsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Tati" title="Jacques Tati">Tati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Trnka" title="Jiří Trnka">Trnka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">Truffaut</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Varda" title="Agnès Varda">Varda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dziga_Vertov" title="Dziga Vertov">Vertov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Vigo" title="Jean Vigo">Vigo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Welles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wiene" title="Robert Wiene">Wiene</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Wood" title="Ed Wood">Wood</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Breuer" title="Marcel Breuer">Breuer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Bunshaft" title="Gordon Bunshaft">Bunshaft</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD" title="Antoni Gaudí">Gaudí</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Gropius" title="Walter Gropius">Gropius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hector_Guimard" title="Hector Guimard">Guimard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Horta" title="Victor Horta">Horta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Friedensreich_Hundertwasser" title="Friedensreich Hundertwasser">Hundertwasser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Johnson" title="Philip Johnson">Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Kahn" title="Louis Kahn">Kahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Loos" title="Adolf Loos">Loos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Melnikov" title="Konstantin Melnikov">Melnikov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erich_Mendelsohn" title="Erich Mendelsohn">Mendelsohn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pier_Luigi_Nervi" title="Pier Luigi Nervi">Nervi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neutra" title="Richard Neutra">Neutra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Niemeyer" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Niemeyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Rietveld" title="Gerrit Rietveld">Rietveld</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eero_Saarinen" title="Eero Saarinen">Saarinen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Steiner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Sullivan" title="Louis Sullivan">Sullivan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tatlin" title="Vladimir Tatlin">Tatlin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" title="Ludwig Mies van der Rohe">Mies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Wright</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Sunday_Afternoon_on_the_Island_of_La_Grande_Jatte" title="A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte">A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1886)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mont_Sainte-Victoire_(C%C3%A9zanne)" title="Mont Sainte-Victoire (Cézanne)">Mont Sainte-Victoir</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1887)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Starry_Night" title="The Starry Night">The Starry Night</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1889)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon" title="Les Demoiselles d'Avignon">Les Demoiselles d'Avignon</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1907)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dance_(Matisse)" title="Dance (Matisse)">The Dance</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1909–1910)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Nude_Descending_a_Staircase,_No._2" title="Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2">Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1912)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Square" title="Black Square">Black Square</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1915)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cabinet_of_Dr._Caligari" title="The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari">The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ballet_M%C3%A9canique" title="Ballet Mécanique">Ballet Mécanique</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1923)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Battleship_Potemkin" title="Battleship Potemkin">Battleship Potemkin</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1925)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(1927_film)" title="Metropolis (1927 film)">Metropolis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1927)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Un_Chien_Andalou" title="Un Chien Andalou">Un Chien Andalou</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1929)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Villa_Savoye" title="Villa Savoye">Villa Savoye</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1931)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fallingwater" title="Fallingwater">Fallingwater</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1936)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1941)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Meshes_of_the_Afternoon" title="Meshes of the Afternoon">Meshes of the Afternoon</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1943)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">Performing<br />arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernism_(music)" title="Modernism (music)">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Antheil" title="George Antheil">Antheil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Bartók</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Berg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Berio" title="Luciano Berio">Berio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nadia_Boulanger" title="Nadia Boulanger">Boulanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Boulez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Copland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Debussy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Dutilleux" title="Henri Dutilleux">Dutilleux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Falla" title="Manuel de Falla">Falla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Morton_Feldman" title="Morton Feldman">Feldman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henryk_G%C3%B3recki" title="Henryk Górecki">Górecki</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hindemith" title="Paul Hindemith">Hindemith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Honegger" title="Arthur Honegger">Honegger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ives" title="Charles Ives">Ives</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo%C5%A1_Jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" title="Leoš Janáček">Janáček</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">Ligeti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Witold_Lutos%C5%82awski" title="Witold Lutosławski">Lutosławski</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Darius_Milhaud" title="Darius Milhaud">Milhaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Nono" title="Luigi Nono">Nono</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Partch" title="Harry Partch">Partch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Russolo" title="Luigi Russolo">Russolo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erik_Satie" title="Erik Satie">Satie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Schaeffer" title="Pierre Schaeffer">Schaeffer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Schoenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scriabin" title="Alexander Scriabin">Scriabin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Stockhausen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Strauss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Stravinsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karol_Szymanowski" title="Karol Szymanowski">Szymanowski</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edgard_Var%C3%A8se" title="Edgard Varèse">Varèse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heitor_Villa-Lobos" title="Heitor Villa-Lobos">Villa-Lobos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Webern</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weill" title="Kurt Weill">Weill</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernist_theatre" title="Modernist theatre">Theatre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Anderson" title="Maxwell Anderson">Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Anouilh" title="Jean Anouilh">Anouilh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Artaud" title="Antonin Artaud">Artaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Beckett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Brecht</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Ibsen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jarry" title="Alfred Jarry">Jarry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georg_Kaiser" title="Georg Kaiser">Kaiser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maeterlinck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Mayakovsky" title="Vladimir Mayakovsky">Mayakovsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_O%27Casey" title="Seán O'Casey">O'Casey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">O'Neill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne">Osborne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Pirandello</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Piscator" title="Erwin Piscator">Piscator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/August_Strindberg" title="August Strindberg">Strindberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Toller" title="Ernst Toller">Toller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wedekind" title="Frank Wedekind">Wedekind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Wilder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Ignacy_Witkiewicz" title="Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz">Witkiewicz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_dance" title="Modern dance">Dance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Balanchine" title="George Balanchine">Balanchine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Merce_Cunningham" title="Merce Cunningham">Cunningham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev" title="Sergei Diaghilev">Diaghilev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isadora_Duncan" title="Isadora Duncan">Duncan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine">Fokine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Loie_Fuller" title="Loie Fuller">Fuller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Graham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hanya_Holm" title="Hanya Holm">Holm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf Laban">Laban</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9onide_Massine" title="Léonide Massine">Massine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vaslav_Nijinsky" title="Vaslav Nijinsky">Nijinsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Shawn" title="Ted Shawn">Shawn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Sokolow" title="Anna Sokolow">Sokolow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ruth_St._Denis" title="Ruth St. Denis">St. Denis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Tamiris" title="Helen Tamiris">Tamiris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grete_Wiesenthal" title="Grete Wiesenthal">Wiesenthal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wigman" title="Mary Wigman">Wigman</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Don_Juan_(Strauss)" title="Don Juan (Strauss)">Don Juan</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1888)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ubu_Roi" title="Ubu Roi">Ubu Roi</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1896)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Verkl%C3%A4rte_Nacht" title="Verklärte Nacht">Verklärte Nacht</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1899)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Pell%C3%A9as_et_M%C3%A9lisande_(opera)" title="Pelléas et Mélisande (opera)">Pelléas et Mélisande</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1902)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Salome_(opera)" title="Salome (opera)">Salome</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1905)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Firebird" title="The Firebird">The Firebird</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1910)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Afternoon_of_a_Faun_(Nijinsky)" title="Afternoon of a Faun (Nijinsky)">Afternoon of a Faun</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1912)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring" title="The Rite of Spring">The Rite of Spring</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1913)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp)" title="Fountain (Duchamp)">Fountain</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1917)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Six_Characters_in_Search_of_an_Author" title="Six Characters in Search of an Author">Six Characters in Search of an Author</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1921)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Threepenny_Opera" title="The Threepenny Opera">The Threepenny Opera</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1928)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Waiting_for_Godot" title="Waiting for Godot">Waiting for Godot</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1953)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_modernism" title="American modernism">American modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a></i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Group" title="Bloomsbury Group">Bloomsbury Group</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Degenerate_art" title="Degenerate art">Degenerate art</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ecomodernism" title="Ecomodernism">Ecomodernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_art" title="Fourth dimension in art">Fourth dimension in art</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_literature" title="Fourth dimension in literature">Fourth dimension in literature</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_School_of_Modern_Art" title="Grosvenor School of Modern Art">Grosvenor School of Modern Art</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hanshinkan_Modernism" title="Hanshinkan Modernism">Hanshinkan Modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/High_modernism" title="High modernism">High modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Hippie modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impressionism_in_music" title="Impressionism in music">Music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impressionism_(literature)" title="Impressionism (literature)">Literature</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Style" title="International Style">International Style</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Late_modernity" title="Late modernity">Late modernity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">List of art movements</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_avant-garde_artists" title="List of avant-garde artists">List of avant-garde artists</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_modernist_poets" title="List of modernist poets">List of modernist poets</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maximalism" title="Maximalism">Maximalism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">Modernity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neo-primitivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-primitivism">Neo-primitivism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo-romanticism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Metamodernism" title="Metamodernism">Metamodernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Remodernism" title="Remodernism">Remodernism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">Underground film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar modernism</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="position:absolute;">← <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Romanticism" title="Template:Romanticism">Romanticism</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute;right:0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Postmodernism" title="Template:Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a></b> →</div> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Modernism" title="Category:Modernism">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Avant-garde_movements" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Avant-garde" title="Template:Avant-garde"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Avant-garde" title="Template talk:Avant-garde"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Avant-garde" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Avant-garde"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Avant-garde_movements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a> movements</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visual art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">Abstract expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Language" title="Art & Language">Art & Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">Proto-Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Grosvenor School">Grosvenor School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dev%C4%9Btsil" title="Devětsil">Devětsil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisionism" title="Divisionism">Divisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Impressionism" title="Neo-Impressionism">Neo-Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Color Field">Color Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrical_abstraction" title="Lyrical abstraction">Lyrical Abstraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_art" title="Mail art">Mail art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalism_(visual_arts)" title="Minimalism (visual arts)">Minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_iskusstva" title="Mir iskusstva">Mir iskusstva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multidimensional_art" title="Multidimensional art">Multidimensional art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Slowenische_Kunst" title="Neue Slowenische Kunst">Neue Slowenische Kunst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Nonconformist_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Nonconformist Art">Nonconformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_r%C3%A9alisme" title="Nouveau réalisme">Nouveau réalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_art" title="Process art">Process art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purism" title="Purism">Purism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayonism" title="Rayonism">Rayonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprematism" title="Suprematism">Suprematism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporary art">Temporary art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorticism" title="Vorticism">Vorticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature<br />and poetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acmeist_poetry" title="Acmeist poetry">Acmeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angry_Penguins" title="Angry Penguins">Angry Penguins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asemic_writing" title="Asemic writing">Asemic writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_writing" title="Conceptual writing">Conceptual poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ego-Futurism" title="Ego-Futurism">Ego-Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_literature" title="Experimental literature">Experimental literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flarf_poetry" title="Flarf poetry">Flarf poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungry_generation" title="Hungry generation">Hungry generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaginism" title="Imaginism">Imaginism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagism" title="Imagism">Imagism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_poets" title="Language poets">Language poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoavanguardia" title="Neoavanguardia">Neoavanguardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoteric" title="Neoteric">Neoteric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_roman" title="Nouveau roman">Nouveau roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberiu" title="Oberiu">Oberiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oulipo" title="Oulipo">Oulipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slam_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Slam poetry">Slam poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraist_movement" title="Ultraist movement">Ultraísmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_poetry" title="Visual poetry">Visual poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaum" title="Zaum">Zaum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_music" title="Avant-garde music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-funk" title="Avant-funk">Funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_jazz" title="Avant-garde jazz">Jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_funk" title="Free funk">Free funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yass_(music)" title="Yass (music)">Yass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-pop" title="Avant-pop">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">Rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-prog" title="Avant-prog">Prog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-punk" title="Avant-punk">Punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_metal" title="Avant-garde metal">Metal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleatoric_music" title="Aleatoric music">Aleatoric music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars_nova" title="Ars nova">Ars nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars_subtilior" title="Ars subtilior">Ars subtilior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atonality" title="Atonality">Atonal music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electroacoustic_music" title="Electroacoustic music">Electroacoustic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">Industrial music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_pop" title="Experimental pop">Experimental pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_jazz" title="Free jazz">Free jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_improvisation" title="Free improvisation">Free improvisation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(music)" title="Futurism (music)">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microtonal_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Microtonal music">Microtonal music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_music" title="Minimal music">Minimal music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drone_music" title="Drone music">Drone music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_theatre" title="Music theatre">Music theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musique_concr%C3%A8te" title="Musique concrète">Musique concrète</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Complexity" title="New Complexity">New Complexity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_wave" title="No wave">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_music" title="Noise music">Noise music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-rock" title="Post-rock">Post-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_in_Opposition" title="Rock in Opposition">Rock in Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serialism" title="Serialism">Serialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_music" title="Spectral music">Spectral music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stochastic#Music" title="Stochastic">Stochastic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_mass" title="Sound mass">Textural music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalism" title="Totalism">Totalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-tone_technique" title="Twelve-tone technique">Twelve-tone technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cinema<br />and theatre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_Art" title="Drop Art">Drop Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_theatre" title="Epic theatre">Epic theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_theatre" title="Experimental theatre">Experimental theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postdramatic_theatre" title="Postdramatic theatre">Postdramatic theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_the_Absurd" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of the Absurd">Theatre of the Absurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Cruelty" title="Theatre of Cruelty">Theatre of Cruelty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Futurism" title="Russian Futurism">Russian Futurism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubo-Futurism" title="Cubo-Futurism">Cubo-Futurism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalism" title="Minimalism">Minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postminimalism" title="Postminimalism">Postminimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-minimalism" title="Neo-minimalism">Neo-minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada" title="Neo-Dada">Neo-Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoism" title="Neoism">Neoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Postmodernist film</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitivism" title="Primitivism">Primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_symbolism" title="Russian symbolism">Russian symbolism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Schools_of_poetry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Schools_of_poetry" title="Template:Schools of poetry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Schools_of_poetry" title="Template talk:Schools of poetry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Schools_of_poetry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Schools of poetry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Schools_of_poetry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_poetry_groups_and_movements" title="List of poetry groups and movements">Schools</a> of <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acmeist_poetry" title="Acmeist poetry">Acmeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhmatova%27s_Orphans" title="Akhmatova's Orphans">Akhmatova's Orphans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angry_Penguins" title="Angry Penguins">Angry Penguins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auden_Group" title="Auden Group">Auden Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_Generation" title="Beat Generation">The Beats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Arts_Movement" title="Black Arts Movement">Black Arts Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Mountain_poets" title="Black Mountain poets">Black Mountain poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Poetry_Revival" title="British Poetry Revival">British Poetry Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_poets" title="Cairo poets">Cairo poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castalian_Band" title="Castalian Band">Castalian Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalier_poet" title="Cavalier poet">Cavalier poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhayavaad" class="mw-redirect" title="Chhayavaad">Chhayavaad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graveyard_poets" title="Graveyard poets">Churchyard poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptismo" title="Conceptismo">Conceptismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessional_poetry" title="Confessional poetry">Confessionalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9olit%C3%A9" title="Créolité">Créolité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubo-Futurism" title="Cubo-Futurism">Cubo-Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culteranismo" title="Culteranismo">Culteranismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclic_Poets" title="Cyclic Poets">Cyclic Poets</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_image" title="Deep image">Deep image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Della_Cruscans" title="Della Cruscans">Della Cruscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolce_Stil_Novo" title="Dolce Stil Novo">Dolce Stil Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dymock_poets" title="Dymock poets">Dymock poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecopoetry" title="Ecopoetry">Ecopoetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ego-Futurism" title="Ego-Futurism">Ego-Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_poets_of_Elan" class="mw-redirect" title="The poets of Elan">The poets of Elan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flarf_poetry" title="Flarf poetry">Flarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugitives_(poets)" title="Fugitives (poets)">Fugitives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garip" title="Garip">Garip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consistori_del_Gay_Saber" title="Consistori del Gay Saber">Gay Saber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation_of_%2727" title="Generation of '27">Generation of '27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Generation_of_the_%2730s" title="Category:Generation of the '30s">Generation of the '30s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation_of_%2798" title="Generation of '98">Generation of '98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_poets" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian poets">Georgian poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliard" class="mw-redirect" title="Goliard">Goliard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Group_(literature)" title="The Group (literature)">The Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Aesthetes" title="Harvard Aesthetes">Harvard Aesthetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungry_generation" title="Hungry generation">Hungry generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaginism" title="Imaginism">Imaginism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagism" title="Imagism">Imagism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informationist_poetry" title="Informationist poetry">Informationist poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0kinci_Yeni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İkinci Yeni (page does not exist)">İkinci Yeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindyworobak_Movement" title="Jindyworobak Movement">Jindyworobaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Poets" title="Lake Poets">Lake Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_poets" title="Language poets">Language poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinism" title="Marinism">Marinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_poetry" title="Martian poetry">Martian poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysical_poets" title="Metaphysical poets">Metaphysical poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misty_Poets" title="Misty Poets">Misty Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_poetry" title="Modernist poetry">Modernist poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Movement_(literature)" title="The Movement (literature)">The Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9gritude" title="Négritude">Négritude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoteric" title="Neoteric">Neotericism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_American_Poetry_1945%E2%80%931960" title="The New American Poetry 1945–1960">New American Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Apocalyptics" title="New Apocalyptics">New Apocalyptics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Formalism" title="New Formalism">New Formalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_School_(art)" title="New York School (art)">New York School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberiu" title="Oberiu">Oberiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivist_poets" class="mw-redirect" title="Objectivist poets">Objectivists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Others_(art_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Others (art group)">Others</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parnassianism" title="Parnassianism">Parnassian poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Pl%C3%A9iade" title="La Pléiade">La Pléiade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9cieuses" title="Précieuses">Précieuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhymers%27_Club" title="Rhymers' Club">Rhymers' Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Renaissance" title="San Francisco Renaissance">San Francisco Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Renaissance" title="Scottish Renaissance">Scottish Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_School" title="Sicilian School">Sicilian School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Ben_(literary_group)" title="Sons of Ben (literary group)">Sons of Ben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Agrarians" title="Southern Agrarians">Southern Agrarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spasmodic_poets" title="Spasmodic poets">Spasmodic poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sung_poetry" title="Sung poetry">Sung poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranian_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranian poetry">Uranian poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zutiste" title="Zutiste">Zutiste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quill_and_ink.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/16px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/24px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/32px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="152" data-file-height="152" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Poetry" title="Portal:Poetry">Poetry portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Marcel_Duchamp" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Marcel_Duchamp" title="Template:Marcel Duchamp"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Marcel_Duchamp" title="Template talk:Marcel Duchamp"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Marcel_Duchamp" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Marcel Duchamp"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Marcel_Duchamp" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artworks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Marcel_Duchamp" title="List of works by Marcel Duchamp">List of works by Marcel Duchamp</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Dr._Dumouchel" title="Portrait of Dr. Dumouchel">Portrait of Dr. Dumouchel</a></i> (1910)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bush_(Duchamp)" title="The Bush (Duchamp)">The Bush</a></i> (1910–11)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_and_Magdeleine_Torn_in_Tatters" title="Yvonne and Magdeleine Torn in Tatters">Yvonne and Magdeleine Torn in Tatters</a></i> (1911)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nude_Descending_a_Staircase,_No._2" title="Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2">Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2</a></i> (1912)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_Wheel" title="Bicycle Wheel">Bicycle Wheel</a></i> (1913)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bottle_Rack" title="Bottle Rack">Bottle Rack</a></i> (1914)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Advance_of_the_Broken_Arm" title="In Advance of the Broken Arm">In Advance of the Broken Arm</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bride_Stripped_Bare_by_Her_Bachelors,_Even" title="The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even">The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even</a></i> (1915–1923)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apolin%C3%A8re_Enameled" title="Apolinère Enameled">Apolinère Enameled</a></i> (c. 1916)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tulip_Hysteria_Co-ordinating" title="Tulip Hysteria Co-ordinating">Tulip Hysteria Co-ordinating</a></i> (1917)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fountain_(Duchamp)" title="Fountain (Duchamp)">Fountain</a></i> (1917)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L.H.O.O.Q." title="L.H.O.O.Q.">L.H.O.O.Q.</a></i> (1919)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Belle_Haleine,_Eau_de_Voilette" title="Belle Haleine, Eau de Voilette">Belle Haleine, Eau de Voilette</a></i> (1920–21)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_Not_Sneeze,_Rose_S%C3%A9lavy%3F" title="Why Not Sneeze, Rose Sélavy?">Why Not Sneeze, Rose Sélavy?</a></i> (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo_Bonds" title="Monte Carlo Bonds">Monte Carlo Bonds</a></i> (1924)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_ou_par_Marcel_Duchamp_ou_Rrose_S%C3%A9lavy_(La_Bo%C3%AEte-en-valise)" title="De ou par Marcel Duchamp ou Rrose Sélavy (La Boîte-en-valise)">La Boîte-en-valise</a></i> (1934–1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tant_donn%C3%A9s" title="Étant donnés">Étant donnés</a></i> (1946–1966)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Man_Ray,_1920-21,_Portrait_of_Marcel_Duchamp,_gelatin_silver_print,_Yale_University_Art_Gallery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/34/Man_Ray%2C_1920-21%2C_Portrait_of_Marcel_Duchamp%2C_gelatin_silver_print%2C_Yale_University_Art_Gallery.jpg/100px-Man_Ray%2C_1920-21%2C_Portrait_of_Marcel_Duchamp%2C_gelatin_silver_print%2C_Yale_University_Art_Gallery.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/34/Man_Ray%2C_1920-21%2C_Portrait_of_Marcel_Duchamp%2C_gelatin_silver_print%2C_Yale_University_Art_Gallery.jpg/150px-Man_Ray%2C_1920-21%2C_Portrait_of_Marcel_Duchamp%2C_gelatin_silver_print%2C_Yale_University_Art_Gallery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/34/Man_Ray%2C_1920-21%2C_Portrait_of_Marcel_Duchamp%2C_gelatin_silver_print%2C_Yale_University_Art_Gallery.jpg/200px-Man_Ray%2C_1920-21%2C_Portrait_of_Marcel_Duchamp%2C_gelatin_silver_print%2C_Yale_University_Art_Gallery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1609" data-file-height="2050" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anemic_Cinema" title="Anemic Cinema">Anemic Cinema</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/8_%C3%97_8:_A_Chess_Sonata_in_8_Movements" title="8 × 8: A Chess Sonata in 8 Movements">8 × 8: A Chess Sonata in 8 Movements</a></i> (1957)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Readymades_of_Marcel_Duchamp" title="Readymades of Marcel Duchamp">Readymades of Marcel Duchamp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">Anti-art</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Dada" title="New York Dada">New York Dada</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blind_Man" title="The Blind Man">The Blind Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fountain_Archive" title="Fountain Archive">Fountain Archive</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Marcel_Duchamp" title="Portrait of Marcel Duchamp">Portrait of Marcel Duchamp</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexina_Duchamp" title="Alexina Duchamp">Alexina Duchamp (wife)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Villon" title="Jacques Villon">Jacques Villon (brother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Duchamp-Villon" title="Raymond Duchamp-Villon">Raymond Duchamp-Villon (brother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Duchamp" title="Suzanne Duchamp">Suzanne Duchamp (sister)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp_Prize" title="Marcel Duchamp Prize">Marcel Duchamp Prize</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Premodern,_Modern_and_Contemporary_art_movements" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Western_art_movements" title="Template:Western art movements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Western_art_movements" title="Template talk:Western art movements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Western_art_movements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Western art movements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Premodern,_Modern_and_Contemporary_art_movements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Europe" title="Art of Europe">Premodern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Modern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">Contemporary</a> art movements</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">List of art movements</a>/<a href="/wiki/Periods_in_Western_art_history" title="Periods in Western art history">periods</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%">Premodern<br />(Western)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_art" title="Ancient art">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_treasure" title="Thracian treasure">Thracian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_art" title="Dacian art">Dacian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization#Culture" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_art" title="Aegean art">Aegean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycladic_art" title="Cycladic art">Cycladic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_art" title="Minoan art">Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyan_ware" title="Minyan ware">Minyan ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece#Art_and_pottery" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art" title="Ancient Greek art">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Mycenaean_pottery" title="Sub-Mycenaean pottery">Sub-Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protogeometric_style" title="Protogeometric style">Protogeometric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geometric_art" title="Geometric art">Geometric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orientalizing_period" title="Orientalizing period">Orientalizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic Greek art">Archaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-figure_pottery" title="Black-figure pottery">Black-figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">Red-figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severe_style" title="Severe style">Severe style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art#Classical" title="Ancient Greek art">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch_style" title="Kerch style">Kerch style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art" title="Hellenistic art">Hellenistic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art#"Baroque"" title="Hellenistic art">"Baroque"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_art" title="Indo-Greek art">Indo-Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art" title="Greco-Buddhist art">Greco-Buddhist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Attic" title="Neo-Attic">Neo-Attic</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_art" title="Etruscan art">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Scythian art">Scythian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_sculpture" title="Iberian sculpture">Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauls#Art" title="Gauls">Gaulish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_art" title="Roman art">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republican_art" title="Roman Republican art">Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallo-Roman art">Gallo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustan_and_Julio-Claudian_art" title="Augustan and Julio-Claudian art">Julio-Claudian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeian_Styles" title="Pompeian Styles">Pompeian Styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajanic_art" title="Trajanic art">Trajanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severan_art" title="Severan art">Severan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">Medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Antique_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antique art">Late antique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christian_art_and_architecture" title="Early Christian art and architecture">Early Christian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_art" title="Coptic art">Coptic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_art" title="Ethiopian art">Ethiopian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period_art" title="Migration Period art">Migration Period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_art" title="Anglo-Saxon art">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunnic_art" title="Hunnic art">Hunnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombards#Art" title="Lombards">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_art_and_architecture" title="Visigothic art and architecture">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donor_portrait" title="Donor portrait">Donor portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picts#Art" title="Picts">Pictish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_art_and_architecture" title="Mozarabic art and architecture">Mozarabic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Repoblaci%C3%B3n_art_and_architecture" title="Repoblación art and architecture">Repoblación</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_art" title="Viking art">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_art_(Byzantine)" title="Macedonian art (Byzantine)">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeologan_Renaissance#Art_and_architecture" title="Palaeologan Renaissance">Palaeologan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Byzantine" title="Italo-Byzantine">Italo-Byzantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franks#Art_and_architecture" title="Franks">Frankish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_art_and_architecture" title="Merovingian art and architecture">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_art" title="Carolingian art">Carolingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Romanesque_art_and_architecture" title="Pre-Romanesque art and architecture">Pre-Romanesque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottonian_art" title="Ottonian art">Ottonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_art" title="Romanesque art">Romanesque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mosan_art" title="Mosan art">Mosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Romanesque" title="Spanish Romanesque">Spanish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normans#Visual_arts" title="Normans">Norman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norman%E2%80%93Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_culture" title="Norman–Arab–Byzantine culture">Norman-Sicilian</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Opus_Anglicanum" title="Opus Anglicanum">Opus Anglicanum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_art" title="Gothic art">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_art_in_Milan" title="Gothic art in Milan">Gothic art in Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gothic" title="International Gothic">International Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gothic_art_in_Italy" title="International Gothic art in Italy">International Gothic art in Italy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_school" title="Lucchese school">Lucchese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Crusades" title="Art of the Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_school" title="Novgorod school">Novgorod school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duecento" title="Duecento">Duecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sienese_school" title="Sienese school">Sienese school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud%C3%A9jar_art" title="Mudéjar art">Mudéjar</a></li> <li>Medieval <a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography#Medieval_Europe" title="History of cartography">cartography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography#Italian_cartography_and_the_birth_of_portolan_charts" title="History of cartography">Italian school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorcan_cartographic_school" title="Majorcan cartographic school">Majorcan school</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mappa_mundi" title="Mappa mundi">Mappa mundi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_art" title="Renaissance art">Renaissance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_painting" title="Italian Renaissance painting">Italian Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trecento" title="Trecento">Trecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Renaissance">Proto-Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_painting" title="Florentine painting">Florentine school</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pittura_infamante" title="Pittura infamante">Pittura infamante</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattrocento" title="Quattrocento">Quattrocento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Ferrara" title="School of Ferrara">Ferrarese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forlivese_school_of_art" title="Forlivese school of art">Forlivese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_painting" title="Venetian painting">Venetian school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinquecento" title="Cinquecento">Cinquecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Renaissance" title="High Renaissance">High Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolognese_school" title="Bolognese school">Bolognese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Maniera" title="Counter-Maniera">Counter-<i>Maniera</i></a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Renaissance" title="Northern Renaissance">Northern Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Netherlandish_painting" title="Early Netherlandish painting">Early Netherlandish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_landscape" title="World landscape">World landscape</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghent%E2%80%93Bruges_school" title="Ghent–Bruges school">Ghent–Bruges school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mannerism" title="Northern Mannerism">Northern Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Renaissance" title="German Renaissance">German Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_school_of_painting" title="Cologne school of painting">Cologne school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_school" title="Danube school">Danube school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_and_Flemish_Renaissance_painting" title="Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting">Dutch and Flemish Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antwerp_Mannerism" title="Antwerp Mannerism">Antwerp Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanism_(painting)" title="Romanism (painting)">Romanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_life" title="Still life">Still life</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Renaissance#Visual_arts" title="English Renaissance">English Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artists_of_the_Tudor_court" title="Artists of the Tudor court">Tudor court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_school" title="Cretan school">Cretan school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquerie" title="Turquerie">Turquerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Fontainebleau" title="School of Fontainebleau">Fontainebleau school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_late_16th_century_in_Milan" title="Art of the late 16th century in Milan">Art of the late 16th century in Milan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">17th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_in_Milan" title="Baroque in Milan">Baroque in Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Baroque_painting" title="Flemish Baroque painting">Flemish Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravaggisti" title="Caravaggisti">Caravaggisti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_Caravaggism" title="Utrecht Caravaggism">in Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenebrism" title="Tenebrism">Tenebrism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_style" title="Louis XIII style">Louis XIII style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran baroque">Lutheran Baroque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroganov_school" title="Stroganov school">Stroganov school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_painter" title="Animal painter">Animal painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_of_Romanists" title="Guild of Romanists">Guild of Romanists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age_painting" title="Dutch Golden Age painting">Dutch Golden Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delft_school_(painting)" title="Delft school (painting)">Delft school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capriccio_(art)" title="Capriccio (art)">Capriccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_school_(painting)" title="Ionian school (painting)">Heptanese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classicism#In_the_fine_arts" title="Classicism">Classicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_style" title="Louis XIV style">Louis XIV style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poussinists_and_Rubenists" title="Poussinists and Rubenists">Poussinists and Rubenists</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocaille" title="Rocaille">Rocaille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV_style" title="Louis XV style">Louis XV style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederician_Rococo" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederician Rococo">Frederician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinoiserie" title="Chinoiserie">Chinoiserie</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_galante" title="Fête galante">Fête galante</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Go%C3%BBt_grec" title="Goût grec">Goût grec</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_style" title="Louis XVI style">Louis XVI style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_style" title="Adam style">Adam style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directoire_style" title="Directoire style">Directoire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture_in_Milan" title="Neoclassical architecture in Milan">Neoclassical architecture in Milan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturesque" title="Picturesque">Picturesque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">Colonial art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Art of the <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African diaspora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_art" title="African-American art">African-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_art" title="Caribbean art">Caribbean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_art" title="Haitian art">Haitian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Colonial Asian art <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines" title="Arts in the Philippines">Arts in the Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letras_y_figuras" title="Letras y figuras">Letras y figuras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipos_del_Pa%C3%ADs" title="Tipos del País">Tipos del País</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque#Baroque_in_the_Spanish_and_Portuguese_Colonial_Asia" title="Baroque">Colonial Asian Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_style" title="Company style">Company style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art" title="Latin American art">Latin American art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casta_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Casta painting">Casta painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indochristian_art" title="Indochristian art">Indochristian art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_school_of_religious_imagery" title="Chilote school of religious imagery">Chilote school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuzco_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuzco school">Cuzco school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quito_school" title="Quito school">Quito school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque#Baroque_in_the_Spanish_and_Portuguese_Colonial_Americas" title="Baroque">Latin American Baroque</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">Art borrowing<br />Western elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus#Art_and_architecture" title="Al-Andalus">Moorish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_art" title="Manichaean art">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal art">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_art" title="Qajar art">Qajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_handicrafts" title="Qing handicrafts">Qing handicrafts</a></li> <li>Western influence in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akita_ranga" title="Akita ranga">Akita ranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uki-e" title="Uki-e">Uki-e</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_art#Western_art_after_1770" title="History of art">Transition<br />to modern</a><br />(c. 1770 – 1862)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism#Visual_arts" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_painting" title="Fairy painting">Fairy painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Golden_Age" title="Danish Golden Age">Danish Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troubadour_style" title="Troubadour style">Troubadour style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazarene_movement" title="Nazarene movement">Nazarene movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purismo" title="Purismo">Purismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancients_(art_group)" title="Ancients (art group)">Shoreham Ancients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_school_of_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf school of painting">Düsseldorf school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite_Brotherhood" title="Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood">Pre-Raphaelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_School" title="Hudson River School">Hudson River School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luminism_(American_art_style)" title="Luminism (American art style)">American luminism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orientalism#Orientalist_art" title="Orientalism">Orientalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_school_of_painters" title="Norwich school of painters">Norwich school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_style" title="Empire style">Empire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(art)" title="Historicism (art)">Historicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revivalism_(architecture)" title="Revivalism (architecture)">Revivalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biedermeier" title="Biedermeier">Biedermeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(art_movement)" title="Realism (art movement)">Realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbizon_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbizon school">Barbizon school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costumbrismo" title="Costumbrismo">Costumbrismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verismo_(painting)" title="Verismo (painting)">Verismo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macchiaioli" title="Macchiaioli">Macchiaioli</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_art" title="Academic art">Academic art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munich_school" title="Munich school">Munich school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_academic_art_of_the_19th_century" title="Greek academic art of the 19th century">in Greece</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Grec#Painting" title="Neo-Grec">Neo-Grec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etching_revival" title="Etching revival">Etching revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Modern</a><br />(1863–1944)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1863–1899</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo-romanticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism#Arts" title="Romantic nationalism">National romanticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dga" title="Yōga">Yōga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihonga" title="Nihonga">Nihonga</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Japonisme" title="Japonisme">Japonisme</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Japanese_style" title="Anglo-Japanese style">Anglo-Japanese style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuron_school" title="Beuron school">Beuron school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Hague school">Hague school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredvizhniki" title="Peredvizhniki">Peredvizhniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Impressionism" title="American Impressionism">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoosier_Group" title="Hoosier Group">Hoosier Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_school_(painting)" title="Boston school (painting)">Boston school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Impressionism" title="Amsterdam Impressionism">Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Impressionism" title="Canadian Impressionism">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Heidelberg school">Heidelberg school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticism" title="Aestheticism">Aestheticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement" title="Arts and Crafts movement">Arts and Crafts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_pottery" title="Art pottery">Art pottery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonalism" title="Tonalism">Tonalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decadent_movement" title="Decadent movement">Decadent movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symbolist_movement_in_Romania" title="Symbolist movement in Romania">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_symbolism#Visual_arts" title="Russian symbolism">Russian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano_school" title="Volcano school">Volcano school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Impressionism" title="Neo-Impressionism">Neo-Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luminism_(Impressionism)" title="Luminism (Impressionism)">Luminism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisionism" title="Divisionism">Divisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointillism" title="Pointillism">Pointillism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-Aven_School" title="Pont-Aven School">Pont-Aven School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloisonnism" title="Cloisonnism">Cloisonnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetism" title="Synthetism">Synthetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Nabis" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Nabis">Les Nabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Barbizon_school" class="mw-redirect" title="American Barbizon school">American Barbizon school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_tonalism" class="mw-redirect" title="California tonalism">California tonalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costumbrismo#Visual_costumbrismo_in_the_Americas" title="Costumbrismo">Costumbrismo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1900–1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau_in_Milan" title="Art Nouveau in Milan">Art Nouveau in Milan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitivism" title="Primitivism">Primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Impressionism" title="California Impressionism">California Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession_(art)" title="Secession (art)">Secessionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Secession" title="Munich Secession">Munich Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Secession" title="Vienna Secession">Vienna Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Secession" title="Berlin Secession">Berlin Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonderbund_westdeutscher_Kunstfreunde_und_K%C3%BCnstler" title="Sonderbund westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und Künstler">Sonderbund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Impressionism" title="Pennsylvania Impressionism">Pennsylvania Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_iskusstva" title="Mir iskusstva">Mir iskusstva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_American_Painters" title="Ten American Painters">Ten American Painters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Die_Br%C3%BCcke" title="Die Brücke">Die Brücke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Blaue_Reiter" title="Der Blaue Reiter">Der Blaue Reiter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noucentisme" title="Noucentisme">Noucentisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Werkbund" title="Deutscher Werkbund">Deutscher Werkbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Realism" class="mw-redirect" title="American Realism">American Realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashcan_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashcan school">Ashcan school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">Proto-Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Eight_(painters)" title="The Eight (painters)">A Nyolcak</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_K%C3%BCnstlervereinigung_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Neue Künstlervereinigung München">Neue Künstlervereinigung München</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubo-Futurism" title="Cubo-Futurism">Cubo-Futurism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysical_painting" title="Metaphysical painting">Metaphysical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayonism" title="Rayonism">Rayonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productivism_(art)" title="Productivism (art)">Productivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchromism" title="Synchromism">Synchromism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorticism" title="Vorticism">Vorticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1915–1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sosaku-hanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sosaku-hanga">Sosaku-hanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprematism" title="Suprematism">Suprematism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Cubism" title="Crystal Cubism">Crystal Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art#Constructivist_movement" title="Latin American art">Latin American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Constructivism" title="Universal Constructivism">Universal Constructivism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin-hanga" title="Shin-hanga">Shin-hanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purism" title="Purism">Purism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_to_order" title="Return to order">Return to order</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novecento_Italiano" title="Novecento Italiano">Novecento Italiano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurative_Constructivism" title="Figurative Constructivism">Figurative Constructivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stupid_(art_movement)" title="Stupid (art movement)">Stupid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_Progressives" title="Cologne Progressives">Cologne Progressives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbeitsrat_f%C3%BCr_Kunst" title="Arbeitsrat für Kunst">Arbeitsrat für Kunst</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_Group_(German)" title="November Group (German)">November Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_tonalism" title="Australian tonalism">Australian tonalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden_Secession" title="Dresden Secession">Dresden Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_art" title="Kinetic art">Kinetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_Antrop%C3%B3fago" title="Manifesto Antropófago">Anthropophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingei" title="Mingei">Mingei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Seven_(artists)" title="Group of Seven (artists)">Group of Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_School_of_Modern_Art" title="Grosvenor School of Modern Art">Grosvenor school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Sehen" title="Neues Sehen">Neues Sehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_modern_and_contemporary_art#Surrealism_in_Iran" title="Iranian modern and contemporary art">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art#Surrealism" title="Latin American art">Latin American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_muralism" title="Mexican muralism">Mexican muralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Fauvism" title="Neo-Fauvism">Neo-Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precisionism" title="Precisionism">Precisionism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeropittura" title="Aeropittura">Aeropittura</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Revolutionary_Visual_Artists" title="Association of Revolutionary Visual Artists">Asso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuola_Romana" title="Scuola Romana">Scuola Romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercle_et_Carr%C3%A9" title="Cercle et Carré">Cercle et Carré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapists" title="Kapists">Kapists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(art)" title="Regionalism (art)">Regionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Scene_Painting" title="California Scene Painting">California Scene Painting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_realism" title="Heroic realism">Heroic realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Art in Nazi Germany">Nazi art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_art" title="Concrete art">Concrete art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstraction-Cr%C3%A9ation" title="Abstraction-Création">Abstraction-Création</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_(Expressionists)" title="The Ten (Expressionists)">The Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_art#Dimensionist_manifesto" title="Fourth dimension in art">Dimensionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Expressionism" title="Boston Expressionism">Boston Expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_School_of_Painting" title="Leningrad School of Painting">Leningrad school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">Contemporary</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_art" title="Postmodern art">Postmodern</a><br />(1945–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1945–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Typographic_Style" title="International Typographic Style">International Typographic Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">Abstract expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Color_School" title="Washington Color School">Washington Color School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visionary_art" title="Visionary art">Visionary art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_School_of_Fantastic_Realism" title="Vienna School of Fantastic Realism">Vienna School of Fantastic Realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatialism" title="Spatialism">Spatialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_field" title="Color field">Color field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrical_abstraction" title="Lyrical abstraction">Lyrical abstraction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tachisme" title="Tachisme">Tachisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_Informale" title="Arte Informale">Arte Informale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBRA_(art_movement)" title="COBRA (art movement)">COBRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuagisme" title="Nuagisme">Nuagisme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Ruptura" title="Generación de la Ruptura">Generación de la Ruptura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jikken_K%C5%8Db%C5%8D" title="Jikken Kōbō">Jikken Kōbō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metcalf_Chateau" title="Metcalf Chateau">Metcalf Chateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono-ha" title="Mono-ha">Mono-ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Style" title="Nanyang Style">Nanyang Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_painting" title="Action painting">Action painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Figurative_Expressionism" title="American Figurative Expressionism">American Figurative Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Figurative_Expressionism" title="New York Figurative Expressionism">in New York</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_media_art" title="New media art">New media art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_School_(art)#Visual_arts" title="New York School (art)">New York school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard-edge_painting" title="Hard-edge painting">Hard-edge painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Figurative_Movement" title="Bay Area Figurative Movement">Bay Area Figurative Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Plasticiens" title="Les Plasticiens">Les Plasticiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutai_Art_Association" title="Gutai Art Association">Gutai Art Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai_Bijutsu_Kondankai" title="Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai">Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Nonconformist_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Nonconformist Art">Soviet Nonconformist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_underground" title="Ukrainian underground">Ukrainian underground</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letterist_International" title="Letterist International">Letterist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-Lettrist" title="Ultra-Lettrist">Ultra-Lettrist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Highwaymen" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Highwaymen">Florida Highwaymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybernetic_art" title="Cybernetic art">Cybernetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodeans" title="Antipodeans">Antipodeans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1960–1969</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otra_Figuraci%C3%B3n" title="Otra Figuración">Otra Figuración</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Presencia" title="Nueva Presencia">Nueva Presencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_(art)" title="Zero (art)">ZERO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happening" title="Happening">Happening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada" title="Neo-Dada">Neo-Dada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada_Organizers" title="Neo-Dada Organizers">Neo-Dada Organizers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op_art" title="Op art">Op art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_r%C3%A9alisme" title="Nouveau réalisme">Nouveau réalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_tendance" title="Nouvelle tendance">Nouvelle tendance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_realism" title="Capitalist realism">Capitalist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Language" title="Art & Language">Art & Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_Povera" title="Arte Povera">Arte Povera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Arts_Movement" title="Black Arts Movement">Black Arts Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Caribbean_Artists_Movement" title="The Caribbean Artists Movement">The Caribbean Artists Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_art_movement" title="Chicano art movement">Chicano art movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_art" title="Land art">Land art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_art" title="Systems art">Systems art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_art" title="Video art">Video art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalism_(visual_arts)" title="Minimalism (visual arts)">Minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_art" title="Generative art">Generative art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-painterly_abstraction" title="Post-painterly abstraction">Post-painterly abstraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermedia" title="Intermedia">Intermedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_art" title="Psychedelic art">Psychedelic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_Art" title="Nut Art">Nut Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photorealism" title="Photorealism">Photorealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_art" title="Environmental art">Environmental art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_art" title="Process art">Process art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_critique" class="mw-redirect" title="Institutional critique">Institutional critique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_and_Space" title="Light and Space">Light and Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art">Street art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement" title="Feminist art movement">Feminist art movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Feminist art movement in the United States">in the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_modern_and_contemporary_art#Saqqakhaneh_movement" title="Iranian modern and contemporary art">Saqqakhaneh movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stars_Art_Group" title="The Stars Art Group">The Stars Art Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropic%C3%A1lia" title="Tropicália">Tropicália</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoru_no_Kai" title="Yoru no Kai">Yoru no Kai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_art" title="Artificial intelligence art">Artificial intelligence art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1970–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-conceptual_art" title="Post-conceptual art">Post-conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installation_art" title="Installation art">Installation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artscene" class="mw-redirect" title="Artscene">Artscene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postminimalism" title="Postminimalism">Postminimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_art" title="Endurance art">Endurance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sots_Art" title="Sots Art">Sots Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conceptualists" title="Moscow Conceptualists">Moscow Conceptualists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_and_Decoration" title="Pattern and Decoration">Pattern and Decoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliontanism" title="Pliontanism">Pliontanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_visual_art" title="Punk visual art">Punk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-expressionism" title="Neo-expressionism">Neo-expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transavantgarde" title="Transavantgarde">Transavantgarde</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_art#Saint_Soleil_School" title="Haitian art">Saint Soleil school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_art" title="Guerrilla art">Guerrilla art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowbrow_(art_movement)" title="Lowbrow (art movement)">Lowbrow art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telematic_art" title="Telematic art">Telematic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-conceptual_art" title="Neo-conceptual art">Neo-conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_European_Painting" title="New European Painting">New European Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_collaborative_painting" title="Tunisian collaborative painting">Tunisian collaborative painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Group" title="Memphis Group">Memphis Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberdelic" title="Cyberdelic">Cyberdelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Slowenische_Kunst" title="Neue Slowenische Kunst">Neue Slowenische Kunst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratch_video" title="Scratch video">Scratch video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrofuturism" title="Retrofuturism">Retrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_British_Artists" title="Young British Artists">Young British Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfiction" title="Superfiction">Superfiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taring_Padi" title="Taring Padi">Taring Padi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superflat" title="Superflat">Superflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Leipzig_School" title="New Leipzig School">New Leipzig school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-run_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Artist-run initiative">Artist-run initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artivism" title="Artivism">Artivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Designers_Republic" title="The Designers Republic">The Designers Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge#Graphic_design" title="Grunge">Grunge design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdadism" title="Verdadism">Verdadism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">2000–<br />present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_pop_art" title="Amazonian pop art">Amazonian pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altermodern" title="Altermodern">Altermodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_for_art" title="Art for art">Art for art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_game" title="Art game">Art game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_intervention" title="Art intervention">Art intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandalism" title="Brandalism">Brandalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Realism" title="Classical Realism">Classical Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_African_art" title="Contemporary African art">Contemporary African art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africanfuturism" title="Africanfuturism">Africanfuturism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Indigenous_Australian_art" title="Contemporary Indigenous Australian art">Contemporary Indigenous Australian art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-fungible_token#Digital_art" title="Non-fungible token">Crypto art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborg_art" title="Cyborg art">Cyborg art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excessivism" title="Excessivism">Excessivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictive_art" title="Fictive art">Fictive art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_design" title="Flat design">Flat design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_Memphis" title="Corporate Memphis">Corporate Memphis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermodernism_(art)" title="Hypermodernism (art)">Hypermodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperrealism_(visual_arts)" title="Hyperrealism (visual arts)">Hyperrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idea_art" title="Idea art">Idea art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_art" title="Internet art">Internet art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Internet" title="Post-Internet">Post-Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_art" title="IPhone art">iPhone art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsch_movement" title="Kitsch movement">Kitsch movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightpainting" title="Lightpainting">Lightpainting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massurrealism" title="Massurrealism">Massurrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_European_ink_painting" title="Modern European ink painting">Modern European ink painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-futurism" title="Neo-futurism">Neo-futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomodern#Artist_group" title="Neomodern">Neomodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neosymbolism" title="Neosymbolism">Neosymbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passionism" title="Passionism">Passionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-YBAs" title="Post-YBAs">Post-YBAs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_art" title="Relational art">Relational art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeuomorph#In_design" title="Skeuomorph">Skeuomorphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_art" title="Software art">Software art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_art" title="Sound art">Sound art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuckism" title="Stuckism">Stuckism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superflat" title="Superflat">Superflat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SoFlo_Superflat" title="SoFlo Superflat">SoFlo Superflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstroke" title="Superstroke">Superstroke</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyism" title="Toyism">Toyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unilalianism" title="Unilalianism">Unilalianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_Artists_Network" title="Walking Artists Network">Walking Artists Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_art" title="History of art">History of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">Abstract art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asemic_writing" title="Asemic writing">Asemic writing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">Anti-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Christian art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_the_Protestant_Reformation_and_Counter-Reformation" title="Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation">Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Catholic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_art" title="Lutheran art">Lutheran art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">Digital art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_art" title="Fantastic art">Fantastic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_art" title="Folk art">Folk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_genres" title="Hierarchy of genres">Hierarchy of genres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genre_painting" title="Genre painting">Genre painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_painting" title="History painting">History painting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">Illuminated manuscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">Illustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_art" title="Interactive art">Interactive art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_art" title="Jewish art">Jewish art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsch" title="Kitsch">Kitsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_painting" title="Landscape painting">Landscape painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_sculpture" title="Modern sculpture">Modern sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%C3%AFve_art" title="Naïve art">Naïve art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsider_art" title="Outsider art">Outsider art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art#Europe" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric European art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_art" title="Queer art">Queer art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_art" title="Shock art">Shock art</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il" title="Trompe-l'œil">Trompe-l'œil</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_painting" title="Western painting">Western painting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" 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text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/886698/">FAST</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4010866-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Dadaism"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85035374">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11936200g">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11936200g">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="dadaismus (umění)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph305399&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Dadaísmo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX526801">Spain</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000051410&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007540871005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/011190">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=23363">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dada&oldid=1258578366">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dada&oldid=1258578366</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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