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(PDF) Integrating Life-Course and Network Theory
<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="08-RsxB6R4AYxycg7wKUVukMvUWLMSjQ3smp4nehdyCxb7adftduZ3Zo3dynbIawDWXWsgs0Z4LMIk0PjUhBqQ" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Networked lives" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2021/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Mattia Vacchiano" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Dario Spini" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/63626307/Networked_lives" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Networked lives" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Social network analysis has grown tremendously across a wide range of disciplines and is now regarded as a road‐map in strengthening links with the life‐course perspective. ‘Linked lives’ is often cited as a key principle of life‐course theory, but" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/210110062/69786555/106403461/s200_mattia.vacchiano.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/63626307/Networked_lives" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Networked lives" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Social network analysis has grown tremendously across a wide range of disciplines and is now regarded as a road‐map in strengthening links with the life‐course perspective. ‘Linked lives’ is often cited as a key principle of life‐course theory, but" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://unige.academia.edu/MattiaVacchiano" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/DarioSpini" /> <meta name="description" content="Social network analysis has grown tremendously across a wide range of disciplines and is now regarded as a road‐map in strengthening links with the life‐course perspective. ‘Linked lives’ is often cited as a key principle of life‐course theory, but" /> <title>(PDF) Integrating Life-Course and Network Theory</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/63626307/Networked_lives" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '075e914b9e16164113b5b9afd7238a56a7292942'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740047828000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740047828000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Social network analysis has grown tremendously across a wide range of disciplines and is now regarded as a road‐map in strengthening links with the life‐course perspective. ‘Linked lives’ is often cited as a key principle of life‐course theory, but there is still much to be learned about the significance of these links for the life course. Network theory refines our understanding of the properties of these links, their emergence as structures in daily life, and the mechanisms underlying the inequalities that arise from social relationships. This paper clarifies why networks can be conceptualised as meso‐level structures that bridge the micro‐macro gap. It thus addresses four processes of particular interest for the integration of life‐course and network research: (a) the problem of tie formation; (b) the activation of ties as social capital; (c) their resilience through segments of a life course; and finally, (d) the problem of their loss. In so doing, we highlight innovative approaches for each of these issues in order to propose a research agenda we call ‘Networked Lives’, which emphasises promising avenues for advancing the integration of these two important fields in the social sciences.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Mattia Vacchiano","url":"https://unige.academia.edu/MattiaVacchiano"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Dario Spini","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DarioSpini"}],"contributor":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Dario Spini","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DarioSpini"}],"dateCreated":"2021-12-09","dateModified":"2025-02-03","datePublished":"2021-01-01","headline":"Networked lives","identifier":{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"DOI","value":"10.1111/jtsb.12265"},"image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/75993040/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Social Networks","Life 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Network theory refines our understanding of the properties of these links, their emergence as structures in daily life, and the mechanisms underlying\nthe inequalities that arise from social relationships. This paper clarifies why networks can be conceptualised as meso‐level structures that bridge the micro‐macro gap. It thus addresses four processes of particular interest for the integration of life‐course and network research: (a) the problem of tie formation; (b) the activation of ties as social capital; (c) their resilience through segments of a life course; and finally, (d) the problem of their loss. In so doing, we highlight innovative approaches for each of these issues in order to propose a research agenda we call ‘Networked Lives’, which emphasises promising avenues for advancing the integration of these two important fields in the social sciences.","ai_title_tag":"Integrating Life-Course and Network Theory","publication_date":"2021,,","publication_name":"Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"low","language":"en","title":"Networked lives","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [210110062,33131396]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":75993040,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Networked lives”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/75993040/mini_magick20211209-2089-3y1ioi.png?1639040913" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Networked lives</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="210110062" href="https://unige.academia.edu/MattiaVacchiano"><img alt="Profile image of Mattia Vacchiano" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/210110062/69786555/106403461/s65_mattia.vacchiano.jpg" />Mattia Vacchiano</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33131396" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DarioSpini"><img alt="Profile image of Dario Spini" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Dario Spini</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2021, Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour</p><a class="js-loswp-work-card-doi-link ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.12265" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.12265</a><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">17 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 63626307; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=63626307"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Social network analysis has grown tremendously across a wide range of disciplines and is now regarded as a road‐map in strengthening links with the life‐course perspective. ‘Linked lives’ is often cited as a key principle of life‐course theory, but there is still much to be learned about the significance of these links for the life course. Network theory refines our understanding of the properties of these links, their emergence as structures in daily life, and the mechanisms underlying the inequalities that arise from social relationships. This paper clarifies why networks can be conceptualised as meso‐level structures that bridge the micro‐macro gap. It thus addresses four processes of particular interest for the integration of life‐course and network research: (a) the problem of tie formation; (b) the activation of ties as social capital; (c) their resilience through segments of a life course; and finally, (d) the problem of their loss. In so doing, we highlight innovative approaches for each of these issues in order to propose a research agenda we call ‘Networked Lives’, which emphasises promising avenues for advancing the integration of these two important fields in the social sciences.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":75993040,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/63626307/Networked_lives"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":75993040,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/63626307/Networked_lives"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Using this approach aids theory and substantive analysis. Toronto data show that while tie characteristics are key predictors of supportive behavior, networks facilitate the supportive behavior of ties and individuals. For example, parents and children are more supportive in networks with high percentages of parents and children. Individual agency, dyadic duets, and network properties all make network capital available for social support. Acknowledgments We are grateful to earlier collaborators in East York personal community research for the foundation laid for this study, to the Rockefeller Foundation for providing Wellman with a month's stay to complete this work at the magnificent Bellagio (Italy) Center for Study and Conferences, and to the University of Toronto's Centre for Urban and Community Studies for its thirty years of being an eminently supportive research base.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Network Capital in a Multi-Level World: Getting Support from Personal Communities","attachmentId":54142097,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34226815/Network_Capital_in_a_Multi_Level_World_Getting_Support_from_Personal_Communities","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34226815/Network_Capital_in_a_Multi_Level_World_Getting_Support_from_Personal_Communities"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="74062243" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74062243/Introduction_Revisiting_Networks_Setting_the_Conceptual_and_Methodological_Scene">Introduction: Revisiting Networks: Setting the Conceptual and Methodological Scene</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33480406" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelEve">Michael Eve</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">IMISCOE Research Series</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This chapter presents an overview of how migrant networks have been researched and theorised. In so doing, we highlight some persistent gaps in knowledge about how migrants, and their descendants, forge networks and generate particular kinds of resources, especially in accessing the labour market and developing careers, and we explain how the chapters of this book tackle these issues. By looking not only at migrants but also at the second generation, we reflect on opportunities, but also enduring inequalities, and the ways in which networks may be mobilised to support employment strategies across different sectors and in different European countries.The chapter discusses the importance of disentangling social capital and social networks. Relatedly, we discuss the need to look beyond the ethnic lens and simple binaries of ‘bonding’ versus ‘bridging’ capital, to explore how ties to different kinds of actors, in varied social positions, may facilitate or indeed hinder career developmen...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Introduction: Revisiting Networks: Setting the Conceptual and Methodological Scene","attachmentId":82350286,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/74062243/Introduction_Revisiting_Networks_Setting_the_Conceptual_and_Methodological_Scene","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/74062243/Introduction_Revisiting_Networks_Setting_the_Conceptual_and_Methodological_Scene"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="23026631" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23026631/Social_ties_agency_and_change_education_and_social_capital_in_adult_life">Social ties, agency, and change: education and social capital in adult life</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="243896" href="https://stir.academia.edu/JohnField">John Field</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Many social theorists argue that late modernity is characterised by increasing change across all areas of adult life, leading to continuing experience of transition in the adult life course. Moreover, participation in education and training can itself provide a stimulus to further change, whether in employment or in other spheres of everyday life. This paper explores the role of social networks in adults' strategies for coping with educational transitions. It is informed theoretically by recent research into social capital and adult learning, which has pointed to a largely beneficial relationship between participation in learning and engagement in social and civic activity. It also attends to other, more intimate forms of social capital, above all family life. Drawing on life history data from a study of agency, identity and learning among British adults, a series of broad strategic categories are identified. These are explored through illustrative case studies of three individuals' life stories. On the basis of this discussion, it is suggested that some combinations of social support seem better suited to promote successful transitions than others. In short, social capital must be understood as a dynamic quality of changing relationships, which actors manipulate more or less consciously in response to change, and not as a static phenomenon that is 'owned' for once and for all by a particular group or individual.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Social ties, agency, and change: education and social capital in adult life","attachmentId":43536825,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23026631/Social_ties_agency_and_change_education_and_social_capital_in_adult_life","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23026631/Social_ties_agency_and_change_education_and_social_capital_in_adult_life"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="6459903" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6459903/Personal_Networks_as_Social_Capital_a_Research_Strategy_to_Meas_ure_Contents_and_Forms_of_Social_Support">Personal Networks as Social Capital: a Research Strategy to Meas- ure Contents and Forms of Social Support</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10223980" href="https://univr.academia.edu/paoladinicola">paola di nicola</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The basic idea of social capital consists of the belief that individuals' lives can be qualitatively improved by social relationships, or rather by the social resources that these relationships manage to mobilize. So, personal networks can provide a kind of capital for individuals. This essay examines the characteristics of personal networks that mobilize social resources in a sample of 307 individuals, representative of the population of Verona (Italy). By using some structural indicators of social capital, the authors describe the contents and the forms of different kinds of social circles (family, work colleagues, members in third sector organizations, friends, neighbours). This study rejects a hypothesis according to which stronger ties are better vehicles for symbolic and expressive resources, and confirms a hypothesis on the similarity of the forms of different social circles that provide individuals with social support.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Personal Networks as Social Capital: a Research Strategy to Meas- ure Contents and Forms of Social Support","attachmentId":33250558,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6459903/Personal_Networks_as_Social_Capital_a_Research_Strategy_to_Meas_ure_Contents_and_Forms_of_Social_Support","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6459903/Personal_Networks_as_Social_Capital_a_Research_Strategy_to_Meas_ure_Contents_and_Forms_of_Social_Support"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="61472908" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61472908/Ethnographic_accounts_of_personal_networks_Edited_by_Lidia_K_C_Manzo">Ethnographic accounts of personal networks Edited by Lidia K.C. Manzo</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="451933" href="https://unimi.academia.edu/LidiaKCManzo">Lidia K.C. Manzo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Etnografia e Ricerca Qualitativa, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Why are ethnographers so interested in understanding how relationships work? During periods of accelerated social change, researchers usually wish to determine if individuals are isolated or receive care and support from others, what kinds of resources they have access to and under which conditions, or if others influence their life course. They might wish to know which types of people are in such networks (for instance, whether they are composed mostly of kin, friends, neighbors or acquaintances) and analyze the changes in their roles. By studying relationships, they are also able to understand the qualities of such ties, their composition, and their contextual diversity. However, the question remains: why are ethnographers so obsessed with configurations of relations more generally? One possible answer is that interpersonal relations and social circles that constitute the fabric of society are not simply the result of practices of sociability (Bidart et al., 2020). Rather, they form the very basis of those relational, transactional, and processual social worlds (Desmond, 2014) that are a key focus of ethnographic research. If we understand ties to be ontologically real entities (Small et al., forthcoming in 2021) that bring social actors together in a state of mutual dependence and struggle, then the goal of fieldwork «is to show how things hang together in a web of mutual influence or support or interdependence [and] to describe the connections between the specifics the ethnographer knows by virtue of being there» (Becker, 1996, p. 56, quoted in Desmond, 2014, p. 554). Although an emphasis on relational thinking goes back to the earliest days of ethnography, the last two decades have witnessed a «relational turn» (Desmond, 2014) across the social sciences, which has produced a series of exciting methodological and theoretical developments. Recent years have seen a rapid expansion of research focused specifically on personal (egocentric) networks, as demonstrated by publications such as Egocentric Network Analysis (Perry et al., 2018), Conducting Personal Networks Research (McCarty et al., 2019) and Personal Networks: Classic Readings and New Directions in Egocentric Analysis (Small et al., forthcoming in 2021) as well as numerous sessions devoted to the topic at the annual Sunbelt Conferences of the International Network of Social Network Analysis. This special issue makes the case for a more sustained ethnographic examination of social ties in network analysis, as there is still a gap in the knowledge about how ethnography might enable us to reveal, unveil and classify personal networks. While researchers from various disciplines have started to recognize these analytical and empirical lacunae, there has yet to be an in-depth, multidimensional discussion in sociological and anthropological research about social connections and their significance for both network analysis and qualitative research more generally. Personal networks are practiced every day (Wellman, 2007). Personal networks are complex, dynamic entities that change over time: they get reconfigured, they dissolve, become diluted or remain dormant; they are partly coordinated with other ties and are partly in isolation (McCarty et al., 2019). Personal networks offer an in-depth view into the social world of research participants, including contacts from any possible social circle and setting. Personal networks are a tool to analyze relationships that cross-cut social and spatio-temporal configurations. This special issue, therefore, aims to contribute to the literature in two main ways. First, it combines a range of novel approaches to conceptualizing personal networks in different urban contexts across the Global North and Global South. The articles in this special issue all draw on the interdisciplinary field of qualitative social network analysis in order to understand a variety of micro- and meso-level phenomena, such as migration and mobility, health and well-being, entrepreneurship and livelihood strategies, and, in doing so, to highlight similarities and differences from various geographical contexts. Second, the contributors’ plural approaches illustrate diverse ways in which personal networks are formed, employed and shaped by social capital and support strategies, and delineate the central role of urban space in these relational mechanisms. The articles highlight the ways in which specialized ties promote social support and network capital (see Bruck; Cirillo; Lilius and Hewidy); the role of communities as networks with a focus on the social inclusion and mobility of marginalized groups (see D’Ingeo; Volpini); as well as linkages over time between life stage experiences, relationships and changes in social contacts (see Manzo). As the contributions show, personal networks rely on specific patterns of social interactions that provide ethnographers with the opportunity to systematically collect necessary information on relationships and their characteristics. At the same time, such networks can act as a conduit for individual agency or channels for the reproduction of inequalities.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ethnographic accounts of personal networks Edited by Lidia K.C. Manzo","attachmentId":74493775,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/61472908/Ethnographic_accounts_of_personal_networks_Edited_by_Lidia_K_C_Manzo","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/61472908/Ethnographic_accounts_of_personal_networks_Edited_by_Lidia_K_C_Manzo"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="70237256" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70237256/Survival_of_the_supported_Social_capital_networks_and_the_finish_line">Survival of the supported: Social capital networks and the finish line</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34628157" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MaryAlfred1">Mary Alfred</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This chapter presents a summary of women' s social capital networks as highlighted in the previous chapters and discusses salient emergent issues for consideration, as well as the concomitant implications for women as adult learners and for adult education.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Survival of the supported: Social capital networks and the finish line","attachmentId":80067906,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/70237256/Survival_of_the_supported_Social_capital_networks_and_the_finish_line","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/70237256/Survival_of_the_supported_Social_capital_networks_and_the_finish_line"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="6846713" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6846713/Social_Capital_Across_the_Life_Course_Age_and_Gendered_Patterns_of_Network_Resources1_Social_Capital_Across_the_Life_Course">Social Capital Across the Life Course: Age and Gendered Patterns of Network Resources1: Social Capital Across the Life Course</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3254363" href="https://umbc.academia.edu/ChristineMair">Christine A Mair</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Sociological Forum, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Despite increasing research interest in network dynamics and cumulative advantage/disadvantage processes, little remains known about how social capital varies across the life course. While some researchers suggest that social capital increases with age and others argue the opposite, this study tests these contradictory assertions by analyzing multiple indicators of social capital from a nationally representative data set on working-age U.S. respondents. The findings reveal evidence of both social capital accumulation and decline. Social resources from occupational contacts tend to increase with age, but eventually level off among older respondents. Changes in voluntary memberships follow a similar pattern. However, daily social interaction is negatively associated with age. Overall, the results suggest that social capital embedded in occupational networks tends to accumulate across the career, even in the face of a general decline in sociability. The study also uncovers gender differences in these social capital trajectories that are linked to the distinct life experiences of men and women.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Social Capital Across the Life Course: Age and Gendered Patterns of Network Resources1: Social Capital Across the Life Course","attachmentId":48699624,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6846713/Social_Capital_Across_the_Life_Course_Age_and_Gendered_Patterns_of_Network_Resources1_Social_Capital_Across_the_Life_Course","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6846713/Social_Capital_Across_the_Life_Course_Age_and_Gendered_Patterns_of_Network_Resources1_Social_Capital_Across_the_Life_Course"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="577199" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/577199/Review_of_N_Christakis_and_J_Fowler_Connected_The_Surprising_Power_of_our_Social_Networks_and_How_they_Shape_our_Lives_New_York_Little_Brown_and_Co">Review of N. Christakis and J. Fowler, Connected: The Surprising Power of our Social Networks and How they Shape our Lives, New York: Little, Brown and Co.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="202908" href="https://uconn.academia.edu/xygalatas">Dimitris Xygalatas</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review of N. Christakis and J. Fowler, Connected: The Surprising Power of our Social Networks and How they Shape our Lives, New York: Little, Brown and Co.","attachmentId":29031445,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/577199/Review_of_N_Christakis_and_J_Fowler_Connected_The_Surprising_Power_of_our_Social_Networks_and_How_they_Shape_our_Lives_New_York_Little_Brown_and_Co","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/577199/Review_of_N_Christakis_and_J_Fowler_Connected_The_Surprising_Power_of_our_Social_Networks_and_How_they_Shape_our_Lives_New_York_Little_Brown_and_Co"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="80090163" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80090163/On_your_own_within_a_network_Vulnerable_youths_social_networks_in_transition_from_school_to_adult_life">On your own within a network? Vulnerable youths’ social networks in transition from school to adult life</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47678663" href="https://hivolda.academia.edu/RuneKvalsund">Rune Kvalsund</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article is based on longitudinal prospective life-course data (1995-2007) about Special Educational Need (SEN) students in upper secondary school, addressing changes in these vulnerable persons' (N=372) spare time-related social relationships at age 29 compared to five years earlier. Logistic regression analyses show that experiences of exclusion (being solely in special class) during upper secondary school have a marked negative effect on being in a small and potentially isolating social network at age 24 compared with the variables personal diagnostic characteristics and experienced psychosocial stress in the family. Applying the same explanatory model to the adaptive situation at age 29 reveals very different results: time distant variables (special class, personal characteristics at school start) loose effect. Contemporary independent variables describing a contextually changed life situation produces patterns of social integration, reducing social marginalization. The results suggest that a shift in the life situation in adulthood (having work, own family, driver's license) changes network characteristics and agency from being self-realising and individualistic towards a more collective, altruistic and self-sacrificing action pattern in social relationships. This shows a pattern of resilience. Theoretic approaches are life-course theory, theory of frame conditions, network theory, theory of disability and critical realism.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"On your own within a network? Vulnerable youths’ social networks in transition from school to adult life","attachmentId":86587940,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80090163/On_your_own_within_a_network_Vulnerable_youths_social_networks_in_transition_from_school_to_adult_life","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/80090163/On_your_own_within_a_network_Vulnerable_youths_social_networks_in_transition_from_school_to_adult_life"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="2944877" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2944877/Personal_Networks_and_Poverty_Preliminary_Considerations_for_Public_Policies">Personal Networks and Poverty: Preliminary Considerations for Public Policies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3449727" href="https://usp-br.academia.edu/EduardoMarques">Eduardo Marques</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43251007" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MirandaZoppi">Miranda Zoppi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Recently, a diverse set of studies have considered the importance of social networks to the sociability of individuals and on their access to a wide variety of tangible and intangible goods. In the debates on poverty, network of relations are frequently cited as key factors in obtaining work, in community and political organization, in religious behaviour and in sociability in general. Despite this, a description and detailed analysis of personal and social networks are absent from the debates, including when these are referred to in a metaphorical way This absence is particularly important because the networks have increasingly entered debates on public policies-especially through the idea of social capital-both as factors that contribute to their implementation and upon which those policies should act on. 3 Seeking in part to fill this lacuna, this article presents preliminary results of an ongoing study on the personal networks of individuals living in a situation of poverty in São Paulo. In the course of this investigation, we looked at 150 personal (individual) networks of people who live in different urban contexts, are at different moments in their life cycles and who have different familial structures and levels of insertion into the world of work, among other characteristics. Through this, we sought to obtain descriptions of the personal networks of those in a situation of poverty, with the most diverse profiles possible. This article presents the results of research on 89 networks, in three distinct urban locations-tenements located in the central area of the city, a segregated shantytown (Vila Nova Esperanca, in Taboão da Serra) and a shantytown that is integrated in urban terms (Vila Nova Jaguare, in São Paulo). As will be seen, the selection of these three different urban contexts sought to test the impact of the socio-spatial dimension on the structure and organization of personal networks of low-income individuals.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Personal Networks and Poverty: Preliminary Considerations for Public Policies","attachmentId":30901391,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2944877/Personal_Networks_and_Poverty_Preliminary_Considerations_for_Public_Policies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2944877/Personal_Networks_and_Poverty_Preliminary_Considerations_for_Public_Policies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":75993040,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":75993040,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_75993040" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="122844308" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/122844308/Social_networks_and_gender_differences_in_the_life_space_of_opportunity_Introduction">Social networks and gender differences in the life space of opportunity: Introduction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="290527649" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FeiringCandice">Candice Feiring</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Sex Roles, 1987</p><div 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