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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">African American Literature</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">36,107 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>African American Literature</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/African_American_Literature">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12000152" data-work_id="12000152" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12000152/Assessments_of_the_Urban_Experience_Toni_Morrisons_Jazz_and_TS_Eliots_The_Waste_Land">Assessments of the Urban Experience: Toni Morrison's Jazz and TS Eliot's The Waste Land</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12000152" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8df3163199698b1c7c27ec474481c91a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57351273,"asset_id":12000152,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57351273/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29848571" href="https://uni-bayreuth.academia.edu/SylviaMayer">Sylvia Mayer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29848571" type="text/json">{"id":29848571,"first_name":"Sylvia","last_name":"Mayer","domain_name":"uni-bayreuth","page_name":"SylviaMayer","display_name":"Sylvia Mayer","profile_url":"https://uni-bayreuth.academia.edu/SylviaMayer?f_ri=6258","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12000152 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12000152"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12000152, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12000152", }); 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Eliot","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/T.S._Eliot?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":30065,"name":"Toni Morrison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toni_Morrison?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":426740,"name":"The Waste Land","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Waste_Land?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8336806" data-work_id="8336806" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8336806/_Slaves_of_Charleston_Or_James_Matthews_and_his_Slave_Narrative_Account_of_Life_in_Bondage_to_the_Cohen_Family_of_Charleston_">"Slaves of Charleston": Or, James Matthews and his Slave Narrative Account of Life in Bondage to the Cohen Family of Charleston)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Published on Sept 15th, 2014 by The Jewish Daily Forward Beyond the Wealth of Jewish South Carolina lies a Troubling History - a study of Mordecai and David Cohen of Charleston: Philanthropists and slave owners. One of their slaves,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8336806" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Published on Sept 15th, 2014 by The Jewish Daily Forward <br /> <br />Beyond the Wealth of Jewish South Carolina lies a Troubling History - a study of Mordecai and David Cohen of Charleston: Philanthropists and slave owners.  One of their slaves, Jim, escaped and survived to share his life experiences being tortured under their command.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8336806" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="70559df25ee30f632e7ea46c534fdec0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34741167,"asset_id":8336806,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34741167/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="521808" href="https://clemson.academia.edu/SusannaAshton">Susanna Ashton</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="521808" type="text/json">{"id":521808,"first_name":"Susanna","last_name":"Ashton","domain_name":"clemson","page_name":"SusannaAshton","display_name":"Susanna Ashton","profile_url":"https://clemson.academia.edu/SusannaAshton?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/521808/183821/138559566/s65_susanna.ashton.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8336806 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8336806"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8336806, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8336806", }); 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cultural wing of the Black Power... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31387401" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Emerging from a matrix of Old Left, Black Nationalist, and bohemian ideologies and institutions, African American artists and intellectuals in the 1960s coalesced to form the Black Arts Movement, the cultural wing of the Black Power Movement <br /><a href="http://ow.ly/HtWx3066Rh6" rel="nofollow">http://ow.ly/HtWx3066Rh6</a><br />Historical Overviews of The Black Arts Movement</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31387401" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span 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Movement\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51761824,"asset_id":31387401,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1913869,"first_name":"Rashid","last_name":"Booker","domain_name":"holidz","page_name":"RashidBooker","display_name":"Rashid Booker","profile_url":"https://holidz.academia.edu/RashidBooker?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1913869/646809/7294535/s65_rashid.booker.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":296,"name":"Black Studies Or African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":390,"name":"American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":794,"name":"American 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itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38496552/Poetry_is_Not_a_Country_Club_Reflecting_on_The_Change_">Poetry is Not a Country Club: Reflecting on "The Change"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In recent years, Black poets and other poets of color have increasingly won many of the most prestigious prizes and awards within the majority and historically white field of US poetry. This article traces the interventions (writing,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38496552" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In recent years, Black poets and other poets of color have increasingly won many of the most prestigious prizes and awards within the majority and historically white field of US poetry. This article traces the interventions (writing, activism, and institution building) that have resulted in this "change." Rather than understanding the racial politics of poetry as an endlessly revolving door of scandals, or simply as a contest over prizes and economies of prestige, this article attends to the relationship between the world of poetry and the history of social movements, an exchange often mediated through the work of writers’ collectives. In particular, this article delineates how the interventions of Black poets and other poets of color (both individually and collectively) have shifted the world of poetry, while at the same time mirroring, connecting with, and speaking back to broader movements that seek to transform the world writ large.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38496552" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c06ab14dece2697524f370052295047f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58563322,"asset_id":38496552,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58563322/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="965149" href="https://northwestern.academia.edu/IsaacGinsbergMiller">Isaac Ginsberg Miller</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="965149" type="text/json">{"id":965149,"first_name":"Isaac","last_name":"Ginsberg Miller","domain_name":"northwestern","page_name":"IsaacGinsbergMiller","display_name":"Isaac Ginsberg Miller","profile_url":"https://northwestern.academia.edu/IsaacGinsbergMiller?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/965149/15597069/22398658/s65_isaac.ginsberg_miller.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38496552 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38496552"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38496552, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38496552", }); 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This article traces the interventions (writing, activism, and institution building) that have resulted in this \"change.\" Rather than understanding the racial politics of poetry as an endlessly revolving door of scandals, or simply as a contest over prizes and economies of prestige, this article attends to the relationship between the world of poetry and the history of social movements, an exchange often mediated through the work of writers’ collectives. In particular, this article delineates how the interventions of Black poets and other poets of color (both individually and collectively) have shifted the world of poetry, while at the same time mirroring, connecting with, and speaking back to broader movements that seek to transform the world writ large. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58563322,"asset_id":38496552,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":965149,"first_name":"Isaac","last_name":"Ginsberg Miller","domain_name":"northwestern","page_name":"IsaacGinsbergMiller","display_name":"Isaac Ginsberg Miller","profile_url":"https://northwestern.academia.edu/IsaacGinsbergMiller?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/965149/15597069/22398658/s65_isaac.ginsberg_miller.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10,"name":"American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":294,"name":"Ethnic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":296,"name":"Black Studies Or African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":3581,"name":"Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetry?f_ri=6258"},{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258"},{"id":19471,"name":"Contemporary Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Poetry?f_ri=6258"},{"id":26924,"name":"Canon Formation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canon_Formation?f_ri=6258"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43407469" data-work_id="43407469" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/43407469/Antiracist_Medievalisms_From_Yellow_Peril_to_Black_Lives_Matter_Arc_Humanities_Press_2021_Open_Access_via_Project_Muse_https_muse_jhu_edu_book_83922_or_OAPEN_https_library_oapen_org_handle_20_500_12657_61385">Antiracist Medievalisms: From "Yellow Peril" to Black Lives Matter (Arc Humanities Press, 2021). Open Access via Project Muse https://muse.jhu.edu/book/83922 or OAPEN https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/61385</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43407469" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2217110071b0ad6bc0cf6af532f63218" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":100687245,"asset_id":43407469,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100687245/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1117907" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JonathanHsy">Jonathan Hsy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1117907" type="text/json">{"id":1117907,"first_name":"Jonathan","last_name":"Hsy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JonathanHsy","display_name":"Jonathan Hsy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JonathanHsy?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1117907/2708709/42464335/s65_jonathan.hsy.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43407469 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43407469"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43407469, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43407469", }); 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Open Access via Project Muse https://muse.jhu.edu/book/83922 or OAPEN https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/61385","created_at":"2020-06-22T09:03:20.641-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43407469/Antiracist_Medievalisms_From_Yellow_Peril_to_Black_Lives_Matter_Arc_Humanities_Press_2021_Open_Access_via_Project_Muse_https_muse_jhu_edu_book_83922_or_OAPEN_https_library_oapen_org_handle_20_500_12657_61385?f_ri=6258","dom_id":"work_43407469","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":100687245,"asset_id":43407469,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1117907,"first_name":"Jonathan","last_name":"Hsy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JonathanHsy","display_name":"Jonathan Hsy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JonathanHsy?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1117907/2708709/42464335/s65_jonathan.hsy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2432,"name":"Critical Race Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Race_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":2595,"name":"Critical Disability Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Disability_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":4066,"name":"Medievalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medievalism?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":13157,"name":"Queer Theory (Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Queer_Theory_Literature_?f_ri=6258"},{"id":28660,"name":"Asian American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_American_Literature?f_ri=6258"},{"id":32826,"name":"Chinese American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_American_Literature?f_ri=6258"},{"id":38631,"name":"Poetry and Poetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetry_and_Poetics?f_ri=6258"},{"id":50070,"name":"Adaptation Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptation_Studies?f_ri=6258"},{"id":118798,"name":"Politics of Solidarity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_Solidarity?f_ri=6258"},{"id":199720,"name":"Adaptation and Appropriation Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptation_and_Appropriation_Theory?f_ri=6258"},{"id":910846,"name":"Racism and Antiracism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Racism_and_Antiracism?f_ri=6258"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36651122" data-work_id="36651122" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36651122/Pitch_Black_Black_Pitch_Theorizing_African_American_Literature">Pitch Black, Black Pitch: Theorizing African American Literature</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract: This essay proffers that African American literature, especially that of the contemporary moment, seeks a non-canonical canon, that is, unlawful laws, unruly rules, reading lists that morph and shake serial listedness.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36651122" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract: This essay proffers that African American literature, especially that of the contemporary moment, seeks a non-canonical canon, that is, unlawful laws, unruly rules, reading lists that morph and shake serial listedness. Furthermore, African American literature as theorized here is concerned with three constitutive nodes: first, a certain kind of memory, one that is not simply revisionist or a Morrisonian “rememory” but what I call “memoricity,” that which carries the historicity of moments, the very subjectivity of things not past but deeply contemporary. It denotes the historicity of the contemporary, and simultaneously the contemporaneity of history. Second, the underground, snugly fitting within familiar notions of the underground in African American literature, but here proffered as more than a site of secrecy or dormancy; it is, rather, a liminal, mezzanine space of generative disruption and, too, vibrant, volatile epistemic radicality. Thirdly, seeing: not to be reduced to ocular perception, it is a seeing that encapsulates a more capaciously embodied practice that engages more than simply the eyes, a seeing that is a matter of full corporeality. These three nodes are, in African American literature, characterized under the helm of a Black synesthetic practice—seeing-without-light, knowledges “muzzled to those shores,” a lexicon in the dark, unintelligible to the logic of the light, underground epistemologies. To be examined are six texts: Jacqueline Woodson’s Another Brooklyn (2016), Colson Whitehead’s The Underground Railroad (2016), Ben H. Winters’ Underground Airlines (2016), Natasha Trethewey’s Thrall (2012), Lyrae Van Clief-Stefanon’s Open Interval (2009), and Joshua Bennett’s The Sobbing School (2016).<br /><br />Copyright: This work originally appeared in CR: The New Centennial Review 18.1, winter 2018, published by Michigan State University Press.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36651122" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c3dd0677e1b4dbe05a206c609fb26b73" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56584486,"asset_id":36651122,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56584486/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4777002" href="https://northwestern.academia.edu/MarquisBey">Marquis Bey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4777002" type="text/json">{"id":4777002,"first_name":"Marquis","last_name":"Bey","domain_name":"northwestern","page_name":"MarquisBey","display_name":"Marquis Bey","profile_url":"https://northwestern.academia.edu/MarquisBey?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4777002/2031257/91484157/s65_marquis.bey.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36651122 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36651122"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36651122, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36651122", }); 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Furthermore, African American literature as theorized here is concerned with three constitutive nodes: first, a certain kind of memory, one that is not simply revisionist or a Morrisonian “rememory” but what I call “memoricity,” that which carries the historicity of moments, the very subjectivity of things not past but deeply contemporary. It denotes the historicity of the contemporary, and simultaneously the contemporaneity of history. Second, the underground, snugly fitting within familiar notions of the underground in African American literature, but here proffered as more than a site of secrecy or dormancy; it is, rather, a liminal, mezzanine space of generative disruption and, too, vibrant, volatile epistemic radicality. Thirdly, seeing: not to be reduced to ocular perception, it is a seeing that encapsulates a more capaciously embodied practice that engages more than simply the eyes, a seeing that is a matter of full corporeality. These three nodes are, in African American literature, characterized under the helm of a Black synesthetic practice—seeing-without-light, knowledges “muzzled to those shores,” a lexicon in the dark, unintelligible to the logic of the light, underground epistemologies. To be examined are six texts: Jacqueline Woodson’s Another Brooklyn (2016), Colson Whitehead’s The Underground Railroad (2016), Ben H. Winters’ Underground Airlines (2016), Natasha Trethewey’s Thrall (2012), Lyrae Van Clief-Stefanon’s Open Interval (2009), and Joshua Bennett’s The Sobbing School (2016).\n\nCopyright: This work originally appeared in CR: The New Centennial Review 18.1, winter 2018, published by Michigan State University Press.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56584486,"asset_id":36651122,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4777002,"first_name":"Marquis","last_name":"Bey","domain_name":"northwestern","page_name":"MarquisBey","display_name":"Marquis Bey","profile_url":"https://northwestern.academia.edu/MarquisBey?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4777002/2031257/91484157/s65_marquis.bey.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10,"name":"American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":296,"name":"Black Studies Or African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":14912,"name":"African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":15514,"name":"Contemporary Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Literature?f_ri=6258"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37253551" data-work_id="37253551" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/37253551/August_Wilsons_Absurd_Female_Characters_Spirituality_in_American_African_Society">August Wilson's Absurd Female Characters' Spirituality in American African Society</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">One of America's most powerful and original dramatists, August Wilson offered an alternative history of the twentieth century, as seen from the perspective of black Americans. He celebrated the lives of those seemingly pushed to the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37253551" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">One of America's most powerful and original dramatists, August Wilson offered an alternative history of the twentieth century, as seen from the perspective of black Americans. He celebrated the lives of those seemingly pushed to the margins of national life, but who were simultaneously protagonists of their own drama and evidence of a vital and compelling community. Decade by decade, he told the story of a people with a distinctive history who forged their own future, aware of their roots in another time and place, but doing something more than just survive. Wilson deliberately addressed black America, but in doing so he discovered an international audience.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37253551" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bbadad37fad606e45713d84782441b6f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57206467,"asset_id":37253551,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57206467/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2827179" rel="nofollow" href="https://jieroft.academia.edu/KianPishkar">Kian Pishkar Assistant Professor</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2827179" type="text/json">{"id":2827179,"first_name":"Kian","last_name":"Pishkar Assistant Professor","domain_name":"jieroft","page_name":"KianPishkar","display_name":"Kian Pishkar Assistant Professor","profile_url":"https://jieroft.academia.edu/KianPishkar?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2827179/2950982/41117975/s65_kian.pishkar_assistant_professor.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37253551 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37253551"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37253551, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37253551", }); 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Competing Visions of Afterlife in the Lowcountry and Caribbean Slave Societies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article presents a new interpretation of the famous folktale about enslaved Africans flying home, including the legend that only those who refrained from eating salt could fly back to Africa. It rejects claims that the tale is rooted... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65132351" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article presents a new interpretation of the famous folktale about enslaved Africans flying home, including the legend that only those who refrained from eating salt could fly back to Africa. It rejects claims that the tale is rooted in Igbo culture and relates to suicide as a desperate attempt to escape from slavery. Rather, an analysis of historical documents in combination with ethnographic and linguistic research makes it possible to trace the tale back to West-Central Africa. It relates objections to eating salt to the Kikongo expression curia mungua (to eat salt), meaning baptism, and claims that the tale originated in the context of discussions among the enslaved about the consequences of a Christian baptism for one's spiritual afterlife.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65132351" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eea17390ec9735ca441040a4d02e966c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76857459,"asset_id":65132351,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76857459/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13340045" href="https://berkeley.academia.edu/JeroenDewulf">Jeroen Dewulf</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13340045" type="text/json">{"id":13340045,"first_name":"Jeroen","last_name":"Dewulf","domain_name":"berkeley","page_name":"JeroenDewulf","display_name":"Jeroen Dewulf","profile_url":"https://berkeley.academia.edu/JeroenDewulf?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13340045/3740861/4382082/s65_jeroen.dewulf.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65132351 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65132351"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65132351, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65132351", }); 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It relates objections to eating salt to the Kikongo expression curia mungua (to eat salt), meaning baptism, and claims that the tale originated in the context of discussions among the enslaved about the consequences of a Christian baptism for one's spiritual afterlife.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76857459,"asset_id":65132351,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13340045,"first_name":"Jeroen","last_name":"Dewulf","domain_name":"berkeley","page_name":"JeroenDewulf","display_name":"Jeroen Dewulf","profile_url":"https://berkeley.academia.edu/JeroenDewulf?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13340045/3740861/4382082/s65_jeroen.dewulf.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":296,"name":"Black Studies Or African American 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work_38558960" data-work_id="38558960" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38558960/The_Difficult_Miracle_Reading_Phillis_Wheatley_Against_the_Masters_Discourse_pdf">The Difficult Miracle: Reading Phillis Wheatley Against the Master's Discourse.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38558960" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7960354/Adolescence_I_II_and_III_by_Rita_Dove_A_Colored_Woman_s_Adolescence">Adolescence I, II and III by Rita Dove: A Colored Woman’s Adolescence</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The poem Adolescence by Rita Dove has been written in three parts and through them the growing up of a girl is portrayed. These poems have no definite structure and differ from each other in style. In Adolescence -I, we are introduced to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7960354" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The poem Adolescence by Rita Dove has been written in three parts and through them the growing up of a girl is portrayed. These poems have no definite structure and differ from each other in style. In Adolescence -I, we are introduced to young girls whispering behind their Grandmother"s porch. We can assume that there are at least three girls amongst whom at least one is older. The name of the eldest one is Linda and she is tinged while speaking of her</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7960354" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7f9507a4fa7a4f67d8ad5a8107d053c1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34432968,"asset_id":7960354,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34432968/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5431238" href="https://jnu.academia.edu/AshmitaKemwal">Ashmita Ashmita</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5431238" type="text/json">{"id":5431238,"first_name":"Ashmita","last_name":"Ashmita","domain_name":"jnu","page_name":"AshmitaKemwal","display_name":"Ashmita Ashmita","profile_url":"https://jnu.academia.edu/AshmitaKemwal?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5431238/4088494/29412748/s65_ashmita.ashmita.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7960354 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7960354"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7960354, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7960354", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7960354 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7960354; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7960354"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7960354 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7960354"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7960354; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7960354]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7960354").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7960354").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7960354"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6258" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature">African American Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6258" type="text/json">{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7960354]'), work: {"id":7960354,"title":"Adolescence I, II and III by Rita Dove: A Colored Woman’s Adolescence","created_at":"2014-08-13T03:23:03.851-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7960354/Adolescence_I_II_and_III_by_Rita_Dove_A_Colored_Woman_s_Adolescence?f_ri=6258","dom_id":"work_7960354","summary":"The poem Adolescence by Rita Dove has been written in three parts and through them the growing up of a girl is portrayed. These poems have no definite structure and differ from each other in style. In Adolescence -I, we are introduced to young girls whispering behind their Grandmother\"s porch. We can assume that there are at least three girls amongst whom at least one is older. The name of the eldest one is Linda and she is tinged while speaking of her","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34432968,"asset_id":7960354,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5431238,"first_name":"Ashmita","last_name":"Ashmita","domain_name":"jnu","page_name":"AshmitaKemwal","display_name":"Ashmita Ashmita","profile_url":"https://jnu.academia.edu/AshmitaKemwal?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5431238/4088494/29412748/s65_ashmita.ashmita.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41871529 coauthored" data-work_id="41871529" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41871529/Classicisms_in_the_Black_Atlantic">Classicisms in the Black Atlantic</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The historical and cultural space of the Black Atlantic—a diasporic world of forced and voluntary migrations—has long provided fertile ground for the construction and reconstruction of new forms of classicism. From the aftermath of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41871529" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The historical and cultural space of the Black Atlantic—a diasporic world of forced and voluntary migrations—has long provided fertile ground for the construction and reconstruction of new forms of classicism. From the aftermath of slavery up to the present day, black authors, intellectuals, and artists in the Atlantic world have shaped and reshaped the cultural legacies of classical antiquity in a rich variety of ways in order to represent their identities and experiences and reflect on modern conceptions of race, nation, and identity. The studies presented in this volume range across the anglophone, francophone, and hispanophone worlds, including literary studies of authors such as Derek Walcott, Marlene NourbeSe Philip, and Junot Díaz, biographical and historical studies, and explorations of race and classicism in the visual arts. They offer reflections on the place of classicism in contemporary conflicts and debates over race and racism, and on the intersections between classicism, race, gender, and social status, demonstrating how the legacies of ancient Greece and Rome have been used to buttress racial hierarchies, but also to challenge racism and Eurocentric reconstructions of antiquity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41871529" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aba43021d5e2be90e49408ae064c3f97" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62002763,"asset_id":41871529,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62002763/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="364330" href="https://umich.academia.edu/IanMoyer">Ian Moyer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="364330" type="text/json">{"id":364330,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Moyer","domain_name":"umich","page_name":"IanMoyer","display_name":"Ian Moyer","profile_url":"https://umich.academia.edu/IanMoyer?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/364330/95833/1397997/s65_ian.moyer.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-41871529">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-41871529"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ucl.academia.edu/AdamLecznar">Adam Lecznar</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independentscholar.academia.edu/HeidiMorse">Heidi Morse</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-41871529'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-41871529').html(); 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They offer reflections on the place of classicism in contemporary conflicts and debates over race and racism, and on the intersections between classicism, race, gender, and social status, demonstrating how the legacies of ancient Greece and Rome have been used to buttress racial hierarchies, but also to challenge racism and Eurocentric reconstructions of antiquity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62002763,"asset_id":41871529,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":364330,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Moyer","domain_name":"umich","page_name":"IanMoyer","display_name":"Ian Moyer","profile_url":"https://umich.academia.edu/IanMoyer?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/364330/95833/1397997/s65_ian.moyer.jpg"},{"id":342317,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Lecznar","domain_name":"ucl","page_name":"AdamLecznar","display_name":"Adam 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Focuses on the early part of the book and Austin Reed's transition from home to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30333550" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A Marxist read of the (fairly) newly discovered "Life and Adventures of a Haunted Convict", the earliest extant African-American prison narrative. 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Focuses on the early part of the book and Austin Reed's transition from home to apprenticeship to prison, as well as the utility of knowledge under capitalism.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50787195,"asset_id":30333550,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44226595,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Williams","domain_name":"unc","page_name":"IanWilliams","display_name":"Ian Williams","profile_url":"https://unc.academia.edu/IanWilliams?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44226595/12716747/14144393/s65_ian.williams.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10,"name":"American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":22658,"name":"19th-Century American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/19th-Century_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":51618,"name":"Prisons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prisons?f_ri=6258"},{"id":132643,"name":"Epistimology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistimology?f_ri=6258"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_56834630" data-work_id="56834630" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56834630/African_Muslims_in_Antebellum_America_A_Sourcebook">African Muslims in Antebellum America: A Sourcebook</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">has 16 ratings and 2 reviews. S said: If you're like me, that is, if you got a generic public school education in t Muslims in</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/56834630" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2dff987cf9d565d9d28326d8f5f4017c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72025928,"asset_id":56834630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72025928/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1030832" href="https://pitt.academia.edu/RAJudy">R.A. Judy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1030832" type="text/json">{"id":1030832,"first_name":"R.A.","last_name":"Judy","domain_name":"pitt","page_name":"RAJudy","display_name":"R.A. 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S said: If you're like me, that is, if you got a generic public school education in t Muslims in","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72025928,"asset_id":56834630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1030832,"first_name":"R.A.","last_name":"Judy","domain_name":"pitt","page_name":"RAJudy","display_name":"R.A. 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40720413/The_Cambridge_Companion_to_American_Civil_Rights_Literature_by_Julia_Buckner_Review_">The Cambridge Companion to American Civil Rights Literature by Julia Buckner (Review)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40720413" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c3467771ae1974792f8dc3a99d823894" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61006642,"asset_id":40720413,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61006642/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="122263732" href="https://wustl.academia.edu/ZacharyManditchProttas">Zachary Manditch-Prottas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="122263732" type="text/json">{"id":122263732,"first_name":"Zachary","last_name":"Manditch-Prottas","domain_name":"wustl","page_name":"ZacharyManditchProttas","display_name":"Zachary Manditch-Prottas","profile_url":"https://wustl.academia.edu/ZacharyManditchProttas?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/122263732/34408417/30256041/s65_zachary.manditch-prottas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40720413 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40720413"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40720413, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40720413", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40720413 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40720413; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40720413"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40720413 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40720413"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40720413; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40720413]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40720413").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40720413").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40720413"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="296" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies">Black Studies Or African American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="296" type="text/json">{"id":296,"name":"Black Studies Or African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6258" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature">African American Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6258" type="text/json">{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14437" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Rights_Movement">Civil Rights Movement</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14437" type="text/json">{"id":14437,"name":"Civil Rights Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Rights_Movement?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40720413]'), work: {"id":40720413,"title":"The Cambridge Companion to American Civil Rights Literature by Julia Buckner (Review)","created_at":"2019-10-24T09:09:57.864-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40720413/The_Cambridge_Companion_to_American_Civil_Rights_Literature_by_Julia_Buckner_Review_?f_ri=6258","dom_id":"work_40720413","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61006642,"asset_id":40720413,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":122263732,"first_name":"Zachary","last_name":"Manditch-Prottas","domain_name":"wustl","page_name":"ZacharyManditchProttas","display_name":"Zachary Manditch-Prottas","profile_url":"https://wustl.academia.edu/ZacharyManditchProttas?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/122263732/34408417/30256041/s65_zachary.manditch-prottas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":296,"name":"Black Studies Or African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":14437,"name":"Civil Rights Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Rights_Movement?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11728333" data-work_id="11728333" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11728333/Locke_vs_Morrison_An_Exploration_of_the_Old_Negro_vs_the_New_Negro">Locke vs. Morrison: An Exploration of the Old Negro vs. the New Negro</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">In this essay, I examined Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon and contrasted the novel with Alain Locke's essay "The New Negro"</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11728333" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="75b42526a623939d535bfed029366891" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37162974,"asset_id":11728333,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37162974/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i 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class="js-view-count-work_11728333 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11728333"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11728333; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11728333]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11728333").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11728333").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11728333"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6258" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature">African American Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6258" type="text/json">{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30065" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toni_Morrison">Toni Morrison</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30065" type="text/json">{"id":30065,"name":"Toni Morrison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toni_Morrison?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="895386" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alain_Locke">Alain Locke</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="895386" type="text/json">{"id":895386,"name":"Alain Locke","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alain_Locke?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11728333]'), work: {"id":11728333,"title":"Locke vs. Morrison: An Exploration of the Old Negro vs. the New Negro","created_at":"2015-03-30T14:26:01.845-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11728333/Locke_vs_Morrison_An_Exploration_of_the_Old_Negro_vs_the_New_Negro?f_ri=6258","dom_id":"work_11728333","summary":"In this essay, I examined Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon and contrasted the novel with Alain Locke's essay \"The New Negro\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37162974,"asset_id":11728333,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28767639,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Kean","domain_name":"tcu","page_name":"MatthewKean","display_name":"Matthew Kean","profile_url":"https://tcu.academia.edu/MatthewKean?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28767639/8164071/9136537/s65_matthew.kean.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":30065,"name":"Toni Morrison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toni_Morrison?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":895386,"name":"Alain Locke","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alain_Locke?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77098132" data-work_id="77098132" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77098132/Native_Sons_Or_How_Bigger_Was_Born_Again">Native Sons; Or, How “Bigger” Was Born Again</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article reconsiders Richard Wright&#39;s Native Son by comparing divergences between the published novel and an earlier typeset manuscript. It argues that such revisions render protagonist Bigger Thomas an icon of global class... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77098132" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article reconsiders Richard Wright&#39;s Native Son by comparing divergences between the published novel and an earlier typeset manuscript. It argues that such revisions render protagonist Bigger Thomas an icon of global class conflict rather than a national figure of racial tension. By revealing the continuities among critical essays that bookend the writing of Native Son, this essay also reveals how the novel&#39;s restructuring further elaborates Wright&#39;s globalism – highlighting his desire to produce work that transcended both national and racial categories. Finally, it considers Native Son as a work of “world literature” and a model for global minoritarian discourse. By examining “translations” of the novel into postcolonial contexts, it argues that the global afterlife of Native Son is no departure from the localized vision of the novel, but rather the recapitulation of its explicit globalism. This article thereby challenges critical convention dividing Wright&#39;s c...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77098132" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="06a2a942b5db3abaffa42d47dd185745" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84578909,"asset_id":77098132,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84578909/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4532349" href="https://dartmouth.academia.edu/NicholasRinehart">Nicholas Rinehart</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4532349" type="text/json">{"id":4532349,"first_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"Rinehart","domain_name":"dartmouth","page_name":"NicholasRinehart","display_name":"Nicholas Rinehart","profile_url":"https://dartmouth.academia.edu/NicholasRinehart?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4532349/1873021/35360625/s65_nicholas.rinehart.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77098132 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77098132"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77098132, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77098132", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77098132]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77098132").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77098132").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77098132"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature">American Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10" type="text/json">{"id":10,"name":"American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Studies">American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="390" type="text/json">{"id":390,"name":"American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="658" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Literatures">World Literatures</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="658" type="text/json">{"id":658,"name":"World Literatures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Literatures?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="659" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Literature">Comparative Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="659" type="text/json">{"id":659,"name":"Comparative Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77098132]'), work: {"id":77098132,"title":"Native Sons; Or, How “Bigger” Was Born Again","created_at":"2022-04-20T10:43:53.249-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77098132/Native_Sons_Or_How_Bigger_Was_Born_Again?f_ri=6258","dom_id":"work_77098132","summary":"This article reconsiders Richard Wright\u0026#39;s Native Son by comparing divergences between the published novel and an earlier typeset manuscript. It argues that such revisions render protagonist Bigger Thomas an icon of global class conflict rather than a national figure of racial tension. By revealing the continuities among critical essays that bookend the writing of Native Son, this essay also reveals how the novel\u0026#39;s restructuring further elaborates Wright\u0026#39;s globalism – highlighting his desire to produce work that transcended both national and racial categories. Finally, it considers Native Son as a work of “world literature” and a model for global minoritarian discourse. By examining “translations” of the novel into postcolonial contexts, it argues that the global afterlife of Native Son is no departure from the localized vision of the novel, but rather the recapitulation of its explicit globalism. This article thereby challenges critical convention dividing Wright\u0026#39;s c...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84578909,"asset_id":77098132,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4532349,"first_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"Rinehart","domain_name":"dartmouth","page_name":"NicholasRinehart","display_name":"Nicholas Rinehart","profile_url":"https://dartmouth.academia.edu/NicholasRinehart?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4532349/1873021/35360625/s65_nicholas.rinehart.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10,"name":"American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":390,"name":"American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":658,"name":"World Literatures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Literatures?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":659,"name":"Comparative Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":1186,"name":"Translation Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_Studies?f_ri=6258"},{"id":1236,"name":"Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art?f_ri=6258"},{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=6258"},{"id":4178,"name":"Textual Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textual_Criticism?f_ri=6258"},{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258"},{"id":14912,"name":"African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Studies?f_ri=6258"},{"id":257992,"name":"Historical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Studies?f_ri=6258"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50489800" data-work_id="50489800" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50489800/FRESHMAN_COMPOSITION_SYLLABUS">FRESHMAN COMPOSITION SYLLABUS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Course Description This course introduces students to the demands and conventions of academic reading and writing. It stresses on invention, drafting, revising, editing, and self-assessment, along with effective critiquing and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50489800" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Course Description This course introduces students to the demands and conventions of academic reading and writing. It stresses on invention, drafting, revising, editing, and self-assessment, along with effective critiquing and collaborating. Students will be required to analyze texts as they build effective arguments in their writing. Instruction on the stages of the writing process, from prewriting exercises through rough drafts and revisions, forms a key part of the syllabus. The course stresses on the recursive nature of writing and reading-as well as their instruction-and is intended to offer students with a variety of forms of discourse leading towards exposition and argumentation in common Standard English. The course aims at continuing to develop students' practical fluency with sentence, paragraph and thesis-development skills but with increasingly complex applications. Rules and Requirements Students will be assigned a total of 32 pages of writing that will be divided among a number of short term essays (4 pages, typewritten and double-spaced pages). They will be required to revise at least three of these essays. There will be a short essay assigned at the beginning of the semester in order to assess a student's writing skills.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50489800" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="54bb19b7acca8a31174c1ddc9530dceb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68456079,"asset_id":50489800,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68456079/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10614561" href="https://berkeley.academia.edu/davidkyeu">Dr. David Kyeu, PhD</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10614561" type="text/json">{"id":10614561,"first_name":"Dr. David","last_name":"Kyeu, PhD","domain_name":"berkeley","page_name":"davidkyeu","display_name":"Dr. David Kyeu, PhD","profile_url":"https://berkeley.academia.edu/davidkyeu?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10614561/3201888/164634419/s65_dr._david.kyeu_phd.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50489800 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50489800"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50489800, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50489800", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50489800]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50489800").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50489800").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50489800"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2620" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composite_Materials_and_Structures">Composite Materials and Structures</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2620" type="text/json">{"id":2620,"name":"Composite Materials and Structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composite_Materials_and_Structures?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4738" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_Writing">Academic Writing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4738" type="text/json">{"id":4738,"name":"Academic Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_Writing?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6257" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Literature">African Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6257" type="text/json">{"id":6257,"name":"African Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6258" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature">African American Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6258" type="text/json">{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50489800]'), work: {"id":50489800,"title":"FRESHMAN COMPOSITION SYLLABUS","created_at":"2021-08-01T02:26:39.687-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50489800/FRESHMAN_COMPOSITION_SYLLABUS?f_ri=6258","dom_id":"work_50489800","summary":"Course Description This course introduces students to the demands and conventions of academic reading and writing. It stresses on invention, drafting, revising, editing, and self-assessment, along with effective critiquing and collaborating. Students will be required to analyze texts as they build effective arguments in their writing. Instruction on the stages of the writing process, from prewriting exercises through rough drafts and revisions, forms a key part of the syllabus. The course stresses on the recursive nature of writing and reading-as well as their instruction-and is intended to offer students with a variety of forms of discourse leading towards exposition and argumentation in common Standard English. The course aims at continuing to develop students' practical fluency with sentence, paragraph and thesis-development skills but with increasingly complex applications. Rules and Requirements Students will be assigned a total of 32 pages of writing that will be divided among a number of short term essays (4 pages, typewritten and double-spaced pages). They will be required to revise at least three of these essays. There will be a short essay assigned at the beginning of the semester in order to assess a student's writing skills.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68456079,"asset_id":50489800,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10614561,"first_name":"Dr. David","last_name":"Kyeu, PhD","domain_name":"berkeley","page_name":"davidkyeu","display_name":"Dr. David Kyeu, PhD","profile_url":"https://berkeley.academia.edu/davidkyeu?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10614561/3201888/164634419/s65_dr._david.kyeu_phd.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2620,"name":"Composite Materials and Structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composite_Materials_and_Structures?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":4738,"name":"Academic Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_Writing?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":6257,"name":"African Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":14912,"name":"African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Studies?f_ri=6258"},{"id":80016,"name":"Police and Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_and_Policing?f_ri=6258"},{"id":144638,"name":"Essay Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Essay_Writing?f_ri=6258"},{"id":191771,"name":"Police Brutality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Brutality?f_ri=6258"},{"id":604095,"name":"African film and television","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_film_and_television?f_ri=6258"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3999905" data-work_id="3999905" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3999905/Topics_to_ponder_Part_time_practice_and_pay_parity">Topics to ponder: Part-time practice and pay parity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: The medical profession has undergone a significant demographic change, with a dramatic increase in the number of women applying to medical school and practicing medicine.Objectives: In recognition of the changing demographics... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3999905" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: The medical profession has undergone a significant demographic change, with a dramatic increase in the number of women applying to medical school and practicing medicine.Objectives: In recognition of the changing demographics in the medical profession, the American Medical Association's Women Physicians Congress (AMA-WPC) conducted a members' survey to identify the issues affecting women physicians and to ascertain certain practice characteristics.Methods: In 2008, an e-mail survey link was sent to a randomly selected nationwide sample of 4992 WPC members, and a second, identical survey was sent to 596 female AMA members, utilizing the Epocrates database (Epocrates, Inc., San Mateo, California). Two e-mail reminders were sent for the first survey, which had a 15% response rate. A quota of 148 physicians was received within 4 days and was utilized to interpret results from the second survey.Results: Achieving work-life balance was a significant concern for 91% of the respondents (n = 884). Half of the respondents believed that pay is gender neutral, and 28% indicated that they were “somewhat or very concerned about sexual harassment”. When queried regarding practice patterns, 29% of respondents indicated that they had worked part-time at some point during their careers.Conclusions: In this survey, women physicians indicated that gender pay disparity and sexual harassment remain important issues in the medical profession. Less than a third of respondents had ever worked part-time, which should be a consideration for physician workforce studies. Barriers to part-time practice may exist.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3999905" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5bfb102603674485b204ddc66b56d953" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50091253,"asset_id":3999905,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50091253/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4808311" href="https://independent.academia.edu/sohapatel">soha patel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4808311" type="text/json">{"id":4808311,"first_name":"soha","last_name":"patel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"sohapatel","display_name":"soha patel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/sohapatel?f_ri=6258","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3999905 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3999905"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3999905, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3999905", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3999905]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3999905").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3999905").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3999905"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6258" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature">African American Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6258" type="text/json">{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3999905]'), work: {"id":3999905,"title":"Topics to ponder: Part-time practice and pay parity","created_at":"2013-07-10T21:07:51.386-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3999905/Topics_to_ponder_Part_time_practice_and_pay_parity?f_ri=6258","dom_id":"work_3999905","summary":"Background: The medical profession has undergone a significant demographic change, with a dramatic increase in the number of women applying to medical school and practicing medicine.Objectives: In recognition of the changing demographics in the medical profession, the American Medical Association's Women Physicians Congress (AMA-WPC) conducted a members' survey to identify the issues affecting women physicians and to ascertain certain practice characteristics.Methods: In 2008, an e-mail survey link was sent to a randomly selected nationwide sample of 4992 WPC members, and a second, identical survey was sent to 596 female AMA members, utilizing the Epocrates database (Epocrates, Inc., San Mateo, California). Two e-mail reminders were sent for the first survey, which had a 15% response rate. A quota of 148 physicians was received within 4 days and was utilized to interpret results from the second survey.Results: Achieving work-life balance was a significant concern for 91% of the respondents (n = 884). Half of the respondents believed that pay is gender neutral, and 28% indicated that they were “somewhat or very concerned about sexual harassment”. When queried regarding practice patterns, 29% of respondents indicated that they had worked part-time at some point during their careers.Conclusions: In this survey, women physicians indicated that gender pay disparity and sexual harassment remain important issues in the medical profession. Less than a third of respondents had ever worked part-time, which should be a consideration for physician workforce studies. Barriers to part-time practice may exist.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50091253,"asset_id":3999905,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4808311,"first_name":"soha","last_name":"patel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"sohapatel","display_name":"soha patel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/sohapatel?f_ri=6258","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37898408" data-work_id="37898408" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37898408/Reimagining_the_Middle_Passage_Black_Resistance_in_Literature_Television_and_Song">Reimagining the Middle Passage: Black Resistance in Literature, Television, and Song</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">April 2018 210 pp. $129.95 printed case 978-0-8142-1365-0 $29.95 paper 978-0-8142-5471-4 $19.95 ebook 978-0-8142-7616-7</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37898408" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4ec5c8f09033aaf755cc4e15e1c10a2f" rel="nofollow" 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$(".js-view-count-work_37898408").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37898408"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6258" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature">African American Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6258" type="text/json">{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29924" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Orleans">New Orleans</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="29924" type="text/json">{"id":29924,"name":"New Orleans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Orleans?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Richard_Wright">Richard Wright</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69173" type="text/json">{"id":69173,"name":"Richard Wright","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Richard_Wright?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133487" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alex_Haley">Alex Haley</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="133487" type="text/json">{"id":133487,"name":"Alex Haley","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alex_Haley?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37898408]'), work: {"id":37898408,"title":"Reimagining the 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Death","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Death?f_ri=6258"},{"id":452829,"name":"post-Katrina New Orleans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/post-Katrina_New_Orleans?f_ri=6258"},{"id":570555,"name":"Blues Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blues_Music?f_ri=6258"},{"id":644612,"name":"Middle passage and Black Atlantic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_passage_and_Black_Atlantic_Studies?f_ri=6258"},{"id":659022,"name":"Paule Marshall","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paule_Marshall?f_ri=6258"},{"id":723454,"name":"Black Resistance, Black Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Resistance_Black_Intellectual_History?f_ri=6258"},{"id":2653563,"name":"Charleston South Carolina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Charleston_South_Carolina?f_ri=6258"},{"id":3043567,"name":"Jesmyn Ward","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jesmyn_Ward?f_ri=6258"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28133021" data-work_id="28133021" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28133021/_Remember_that_During_Your_Life_You_Had_Good_Things_For_Philando_Castille">" Remember that During Your Life You Had Good Things… " For Philando Castille</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Convocation Address at Bethel University, August 29, 2016 about recent troubles in Minnesota, particularly the shooting of Philando Castille, and our responsibility as followers of the Gospel. There is an audio link also available. After... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28133021" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Convocation Address at Bethel University, August 29, 2016 about recent troubles in Minnesota, particularly the shooting of Philando Castille, and our responsibility as followers of the Gospel. There is an audio link also available. After you click the link, it's the first one in the queue; fast-forward to 15:00:  <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/itunes-u/2016-2017-chapel-college-arts/id1148681753?mt=10" rel="nofollow">https://itunes.apple.com/us/itunes-u/2016-2017-chapel-college-arts/id1148681753?mt=10</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28133021" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cbc5be02898580582d4896f75454a98f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48447473,"asset_id":28133021,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48447473/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4882756" href="https://bethel.academia.edu/JuanHernandez">Juan Hernández Jr.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4882756" type="text/json">{"id":4882756,"first_name":"Juan","last_name":"Hernández Jr.","domain_name":"bethel","page_name":"JuanHernandez","display_name":"Juan Hernández Jr.","profile_url":"https://bethel.academia.edu/JuanHernandez?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4882756/2955648/92518727/s65_juan.hern_ndez_jr..jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28133021 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28133021"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28133021, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28133021", }); 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There is no definite definition of feminism. The feminist thinkers struggled a lot for making the simple and innocent women of the society aware about this and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53640576" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The term 'feminism' basically stands for the rights and equality of women. There is no definite definition of feminism. The feminist thinkers struggled a lot for making the simple and innocent women of the society aware about this and they always are trying to solve several issues related to women. It is again not a recent concept. Feminists like Mary Wollstonecraft, Margaret Fuller, Virginia Woolf and many more thinkers forwarded a lot of different perspectives related to feminism. Ama Ata Aidoo, the former Education Minister of Ghana and an excellent academician has fought for the rights of the women of her native land. During her reign several provisions for Girls' Education were implemented in Ghana. She has a great contribution towards the literary field. In the present paper three of her popular literary pieces are taken into account to study the issues related to women of Africa especially of Ghana. These three literary works are: Anowa (1970), Our Sister Killjoy or Reflections from a Black-Eyed Squint (1977) and Changes: A Love Story (1991). These three literary pieces deal with women issue from different perspectives. She is also featuring her protagonists accordingly, Anowa, Sissie and Esi are different from each other. Her protagonists seem to be very bold, independent which reveal the strength of women.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53640576" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="42115ab6a2b3f08c7dcea6c2b74318fa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70390269,"asset_id":53640576,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70390269/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22334044" href="https://allduniv.academia.edu/ArsArtium">Ars Artium</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22334044" type="text/json">{"id":22334044,"first_name":"Ars","last_name":"Artium","domain_name":"allduniv","page_name":"ArsArtium","display_name":"Ars Artium","profile_url":"https://allduniv.academia.edu/ArsArtium?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22334044/10827908/138625556/s65_ars.artium.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-53640576">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-53640576"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://jawaharlalanehrunewdelhiindia.academia.edu/rimpisonowal">rimpi sonowal</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-53640576'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-53640576').html(); 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There is no definite definition of feminism. The feminist thinkers struggled a lot for making the simple and innocent women of the society aware about this and they always are trying to solve several issues related to women. It is again not a recent concept. Feminists like Mary Wollstonecraft, Margaret Fuller, Virginia Woolf and many more thinkers forwarded a lot of different perspectives related to feminism. Ama Ata Aidoo, the former Education Minister of Ghana and an excellent academician has fought for the rights of the women of her native land. During her reign several provisions for Girls' Education were implemented in Ghana. She has a great contribution towards the literary field. In the present paper three of her popular literary pieces are taken into account to study the issues related to women of Africa especially of Ghana. These three literary works are: Anowa (1970), Our Sister Killjoy or Reflections from a Black-Eyed Squint (1977) and Changes: A Love Story (1991). These three literary pieces deal with women issue from different perspectives. She is also featuring her protagonists accordingly, Anowa, Sissie and Esi are different from each other. Her protagonists seem to be very bold, independent which reveal the strength of women.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70390269,"asset_id":53640576,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22334044,"first_name":"Ars","last_name":"Artium","domain_name":"allduniv","page_name":"ArsArtium","display_name":"Ars Artium","profile_url":"https://allduniv.academia.edu/ArsArtium?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22334044/10827908/138625556/s65_ars.artium.jpg"},{"id":73982908,"first_name":"rimpi","last_name":"sonowal","domain_name":"jawaharlalanehrunewdelhiindia","page_name":"rimpisonowal","display_name":"rimpi sonowal","profile_url":"https://jawaharlalanehrunewdelhiindia.academia.edu/rimpisonowal?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/73982908/21064146/20549842/s65_rimpi.sonowal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":885,"name":"English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":1225,"name":"African Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Philosophy?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":3581,"name":"Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetry?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=6258"},{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=6258"},{"id":5671,"name":"West Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_Africa?f_ri=6258"},{"id":6223,"name":"English","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English?f_ri=6258"},{"id":6257,"name":"African Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Literature?f_ri=6258"},{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258"},{"id":8827,"name":"East Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Africa?f_ri=6258"},{"id":9620,"name":"Ghana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ghana?f_ri=6258"},{"id":10453,"name":"Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism?f_ri=6258"},{"id":13135,"name":"Southern Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southern_Africa?f_ri=6258"},{"id":14912,"name":"African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Studies?f_ri=6258"},{"id":19130,"name":"Constructions of femininity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constructions_of_femininity?f_ri=6258"},{"id":32571,"name":"Horn of Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horn_of_Africa?f_ri=6258"},{"id":33710,"name":"North African prehistory (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_African_prehistory_Archaeology_?f_ri=6258"},{"id":57478,"name":"Feminismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminismo?f_ri=6258"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40558144" data-work_id="40558144" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40558144/Visualizing_the_Uplift_Digitizing_Poetry_by_African_American_Women_1900_1922">Visualizing the Uplift: Digitizing Poetry by African American Women, 1900-1922</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">“Women of the Early Harlem Renaissance: African American Women Writers, 1900–1922,” aims to digitize and annotate a limited array of primary texts, mainly poetry, and present these materials as a digital archive in the Scalar platform.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40558144" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">“Women of the Early Harlem Renaissance: African American Women<br />Writers, 1900–1922,” aims to digitize and annotate a limited array of<br />primary texts, mainly poetry, and present these materials as a digital<br />archive in the Scalar platform. The project aligns with what Kim<br />Gallon has referred to as a “technology of recovery,” which is one<br />of the core principles bridging African American literary studies<br />and the digital humanities. The project uses Scalar’s visualization<br />and tagging structures to explore stylistic, thematic, and social<br />relationships among a small group of writers, as well as to explore<br />the conversations these writers were having with established<br />writers and editors. Several key themes have begun to emerge as<br />the project has developed. The first of these is the confrontation<br />with American racism, which impacted African American<br />communities intensely in the 1910s; and these poets document<br />the emergence of racial violence and the response to that violence.<br />Second, these poets show how the role of African American<br />motherhood was evolving in the early years of the twentieth century, in part because of the stresses of raising children in a<br />racist society. Third, the black Church became strongly connected<br />to the movement for social justice at this time; and several, if not<br />most, of the writers in this archive explored Christian themes in<br />their anti-racist writing.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40558144" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e18b284eef2e9e149f2da0bdab2ca402" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60836633,"asset_id":40558144,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60836633/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="179050" href="https://lehigh.academia.edu/AmardeepSingh">Amardeep Singh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="179050" type="text/json">{"id":179050,"first_name":"Amardeep","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"lehigh","page_name":"AmardeepSingh","display_name":"Amardeep Singh","profile_url":"https://lehigh.academia.edu/AmardeepSingh?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/179050/44340/40791/s65_amardeep.singh.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40558144 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40558144"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40558144, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40558144", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40558144]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40558144").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40558144").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40558144"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1197" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Humanities">Digital Humanities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1197" type="text/json">{"id":1197,"name":"Digital Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Humanities?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3581" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetry">Poetry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3581" type="text/json">{"id":3581,"name":"Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetry?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6185" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_Literature">Women's Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6185" type="text/json">{"id":6185,"name":"Women's Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6258" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature">African American Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6258" type="text/json">{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40558144]'), work: {"id":40558144,"title":"Visualizing the Uplift: Digitizing Poetry by African American Women, 1900-1922","created_at":"2019-10-08T07:49:12.496-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40558144/Visualizing_the_Uplift_Digitizing_Poetry_by_African_American_Women_1900_1922?f_ri=6258","dom_id":"work_40558144","summary":"“Women of the Early Harlem Renaissance: African American Women\nWriters, 1900–1922,” aims to digitize and annotate a limited array of\nprimary texts, mainly poetry, and present these materials as a digital\narchive in the Scalar platform. The project aligns with what Kim\nGallon has referred to as a “technology of recovery,” which is one\nof the core principles bridging African American literary studies\nand the digital humanities. The project uses Scalar’s visualization\nand tagging structures to explore stylistic, thematic, and social\nrelationships among a small group of writers, as well as to explore\nthe conversations these writers were having with established\nwriters and editors. Several key themes have begun to emerge as\nthe project has developed. The first of these is the confrontation\nwith American racism, which impacted African American\ncommunities intensely in the 1910s; and these poets document\nthe emergence of racial violence and the response to that violence.\nSecond, these poets show how the role of African American\nmotherhood was evolving in the early years of the twentieth century, in part because of the stresses of raising children in a\nracist society. Third, the black Church became strongly connected\nto the movement for social justice at this time; and several, if not\nmost, of the writers in this archive explored Christian themes in\ntheir anti-racist writing.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60836633,"asset_id":40558144,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":179050,"first_name":"Amardeep","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"lehigh","page_name":"AmardeepSingh","display_name":"Amardeep Singh","profile_url":"https://lehigh.academia.edu/AmardeepSingh?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/179050/44340/40791/s65_amardeep.singh.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1197,"name":"Digital Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Humanities?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":3581,"name":"Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetry?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":6185,"name":"Women's Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36807717" data-work_id="36807717" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36807717/In_Between_A_Past_and_Future_Space_Home_and_the_Unhomely_in_Bread_Givers_and_The_Bluest_Eye">In Between A Past and Future Space Home and the Unhomely in Bread Givers and The Bluest Eye</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Bread Givers (1925) by Anzia Yezierska and The Bluest Eye (1970) by Toni Morrison reveal the tension between self and society where ethnic women struggle with patriarchal borders to find a space, authority, and identity of their own. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36807717" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Bread Givers (1925) by Anzia Yezierska and The Bluest Eye (1970) by Toni Morrison reveal the tension between self and society where ethnic women struggle with patriarchal borders to find a space, authority, and identity of their own. The central dilemma in both of the novels is how individuality and freedom can coexist where there are attachments to the spaces and communities one lives in. With the consideration of additional factors such as ethnicity, gender, class, and labor the female protagonists explore and question their American ethnic and racial identity in the novels which can be seen as a predecessor of the Civil Rights Movement. These diverse ethnicities and races have impacted and shaped the American literary and cultural contexts; leading to a redefinition of the original European form Bildungsroman. Yezierskàs and Morrison`s Jewish and Black female characters, are largely excluded from gaining power and authority due to racial discrimination, illiteracy, poverty, inequality, and patriarchal norms. At the same time these novels, unearth the multiple layers of repressed memories and forgotten stories of African and Jewish-American women in private and public labor. In both of the novels the familiar domestic sphere " home " which is associated with security and peace, turns into an alien, unknown, and in-between space where women feel isolation and homelessness within the household itself. The most familiar environments for women: the home and the family are questioned and multiple versions of oppression, isolation, and power struggles in the lives of African American and Jewish American women are exposed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36807717" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="50ce6f6fc2d88bf89718e8c93bd6acf6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56757575,"asset_id":36807717,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56757575/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11179299" href="https://bgsu.academia.edu/GIZEMISCAN">Gizem N . Iscan (she/her/hers)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11179299" type="text/json">{"id":11179299,"first_name":"Gizem","last_name":"Iscan (she/her/hers)","domain_name":"bgsu","page_name":"GIZEMISCAN","display_name":"Gizem N . Iscan (she/her/hers)","profile_url":"https://bgsu.academia.edu/GIZEMISCAN?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11179299/3305484/18466487/s65_gizem.iscan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36807717 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36807717"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36807717, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36807717", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36807717 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36807717; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36807717"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36807717 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36807717"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36807717; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36807717]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36807717").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36807717").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36807717"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature">American Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10" type="text/json">{"id":10,"name":"American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4421" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homelessness">Homelessness</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4421" type="text/json">{"id":4421,"name":"Homelessness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homelessness?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6258" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature">African American Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6258" type="text/json">{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49663" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women_and_Gender_Studies">Women and Gender Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49663" type="text/json">{"id":49663,"name":"Women and Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women_and_Gender_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36807717]'), work: {"id":36807717,"title":"In Between A Past and Future Space Home and the Unhomely in Bread Givers and The Bluest Eye","created_at":"2018-06-08T10:41:15.633-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36807717/In_Between_A_Past_and_Future_Space_Home_and_the_Unhomely_in_Bread_Givers_and_The_Bluest_Eye?f_ri=6258","dom_id":"work_36807717","summary":"Bread Givers (1925) by Anzia Yezierska and The Bluest Eye (1970) by Toni Morrison reveal the tension between self and society where ethnic women struggle with patriarchal borders to find a space, authority, and identity of their own. The central dilemma in both of the novels is how individuality and freedom can coexist where there are attachments to the spaces and communities one lives in. With the consideration of additional factors such as ethnicity, gender, class, and labor the female protagonists explore and question their American ethnic and racial identity in the novels which can be seen as a predecessor of the Civil Rights Movement. These diverse ethnicities and races have impacted and shaped the American literary and cultural contexts; leading to a redefinition of the original European form Bildungsroman. Yezierskàs and Morrison`s Jewish and Black female characters, are largely excluded from gaining power and authority due to racial discrimination, illiteracy, poverty, inequality, and patriarchal norms. At the same time these novels, unearth the multiple layers of repressed memories and forgotten stories of African and Jewish-American women in private and public labor. In both of the novels the familiar domestic sphere \" home \" which is associated with security and peace, turns into an alien, unknown, and in-between space where women feel isolation and homelessness within the household itself. The most familiar environments for women: the home and the family are questioned and multiple versions of oppression, isolation, and power struggles in the lives of African American and Jewish American women are exposed. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56757575,"asset_id":36807717,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11179299,"first_name":"Gizem","last_name":"Iscan (she/her/hers)","domain_name":"bgsu","page_name":"GIZEMISCAN","display_name":"Gizem N . Iscan (she/her/hers)","profile_url":"https://bgsu.academia.edu/GIZEMISCAN?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11179299/3305484/18466487/s65_gizem.iscan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10,"name":"American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":4421,"name":"Homelessness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homelessness?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":49663,"name":"Women and Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women_and_Gender_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":268248,"name":"Traditional house","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_house?f_ri=6258"},{"id":277741,"name":"American ethnic literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_ethnic_literature?f_ri=6258"},{"id":601742,"name":"Race, ethnicity and women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_ethnicity_and_women?f_ri=6258"},{"id":1032528,"name":"Unhomely","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unhomely?f_ri=6258"},{"id":2536561,"name":"Feminism, Women's \u0026 Gender Studies, US Literatures (esp. Chicana authors, \"multi-ethnic literatures\", poetry, humor in literature), Other literatures in English, Critical theory (esp. dialogics, ecocriticism, queer theory, posthumanism), Film \u0026 media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism_Womens_and_Gender_Studies_US_Literatures_esp._Chicana_authors_multi-ethnic_literatures_?f_ri=6258"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33621726" data-work_id="33621726" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33621726/Promoting_Anne_Moody_A_21_Point_Plan_for_Sharing_Her_Story_Honoring_Her_Memory_and_Keeping_Her_Legacy_Alive">Promoting Anne Moody: A 21-Point Plan for Sharing Her Story, Honoring Her Memory, and Keeping Her Legacy Alive</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">#AnneMoody This is an overview of the Anne Moody History Project (AMHP) and its plans to promote and help preserve the legacy of Anne Moody (1940 - 2015). Ms. Moody was a civil rights pioneer and the famous author of Coming of Age in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33621726" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">#AnneMoody<br /><br />This is an overview of the Anne Moody History Project (AMHP) and its plans to promote and help preserve the legacy of Anne Moody (1940 - 2015). Ms. Moody was a civil rights pioneer and the famous author of Coming of Age in Mississippi. She grew up in Centreville, Miss., where she overcame poverty, racism, persecution, and the threats of death. She became a respected leader in the Civil Rights Movement.<br /><br />Drawing on the author's background in marketing and journalism, this document presents a list of practical ideas adapted by AMHP for promoting Ms. Moody's history. The ideas include promotional work through schools, churches, the local community, government agencies, social media, and the news media. In addition to honoring her with a street and highway bearing her name, AMHP plans call for having a proclamation issued for “Anne Moody Day.” The author, who serves as AMHP chairman, has said the promotional campaign is about “history, education and tourism.” Current and future generations need to know her story, according to the author.<br /><br />Note: Readers are encouraged to follow updates on Ms. Moody’s history by following @AnneMoodyHP on Twitter. #AnneMoody</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33621726" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6db8dbda317319d1f3bbb32f3b8cbe36" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53637375,"asset_id":33621726,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53637375/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="277127" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RoscoeBarnesIII">Roscoe Barnes III</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="277127" type="text/json">{"id":277127,"first_name":"Roscoe","last_name":"Barnes III","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RoscoeBarnesIII","display_name":"Roscoe Barnes III","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RoscoeBarnesIII?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/277127/57145/80801725/s65_roscoe.barnes_iii.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33621726 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33621726"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33621726, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33621726", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33621726]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33621726").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33621726").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33621726"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">36</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="109" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity">Christianity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="109" type="text/json">{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="296" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies">Black Studies Or African American Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="296" type="text/json">{"id":296,"name":"Black Studies Or African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33621726]'), work: {"id":33621726,"title":"Promoting Anne Moody: A 21-Point Plan for Sharing Her Story, Honoring Her Memory, and Keeping Her Legacy Alive","created_at":"2017-06-23T06:53:16.367-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33621726/Promoting_Anne_Moody_A_21_Point_Plan_for_Sharing_Her_Story_Honoring_Her_Memory_and_Keeping_Her_Legacy_Alive?f_ri=6258","dom_id":"work_33621726","summary":"#AnneMoody\n\nThis is an overview of the Anne Moody History Project (AMHP) and its plans to promote and help preserve the legacy of Anne Moody (1940 - 2015). Ms. Moody was a civil rights pioneer and the famous author of Coming of Age in Mississippi. She grew up in Centreville, Miss., where she overcame poverty, racism, persecution, and the threats of death. She became a respected leader in the Civil Rights Movement.\n\nDrawing on the author's background in marketing and journalism, this document presents a list of practical ideas adapted by AMHP for promoting Ms. Moody's history. The ideas include promotional work through schools, churches, the local community, government agencies, social media, and the news media. In addition to honoring her with a street and highway bearing her name, AMHP plans call for having a proclamation issued for “Anne Moody Day.” The author, who serves as AMHP chairman, has said the promotional campaign is about “history, education and tourism.” Current and future generations need to know her story, according to the author.\n\nNote: Readers are encouraged to follow updates on Ms. Moody’s history by following @AnneMoodyHP on Twitter. #AnneMoody\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53637375,"asset_id":33621726,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":277127,"first_name":"Roscoe","last_name":"Barnes III","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RoscoeBarnesIII","display_name":"Roscoe Barnes III","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RoscoeBarnesIII?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/277127/57145/80801725/s65_roscoe.barnes_iii.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":296,"name":"Black Studies Or African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=6258"},{"id":885,"name":"English 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data-work_id="45651969" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45651969/The_Dostoyevskian_Ressurection">The Dostoyevskian Ressurection</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This essay is a critical examination of Russian prodigy Dostoyevsky's famous work "Crime and Punishment". In this essay, I attempt to deconstruct the ideas of duality, identity crisis, moral resurrection, and religion by illuminating the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45651969" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay is a critical examination of Russian prodigy Dostoyevsky's famous work "Crime and Punishment". In this essay, I attempt to deconstruct the ideas of duality, identity crisis, moral resurrection, and religion by illuminating the theme of prostitution and crime. My area of concern is Sonya and her multi-layered character used as a window to gauge the above-mentioned ideas.  <br />Keywords: Prostitution, Christianity, Sin, soul, identity, Crime</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45651969" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e2d2a678f75b1ebb10c2b9e16891b339" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66150597,"asset_id":45651969,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66150597/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="112987545" href="https://delhi-university.academia.edu/RidhiBhutani">Ridhi Bhutani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="112987545" type="text/json">{"id":112987545,"first_name":"Ridhi","last_name":"Bhutani","domain_name":"delhi-university","page_name":"RidhiBhutani","display_name":"Ridhi Bhutani","profile_url":"https://delhi-university.academia.edu/RidhiBhutani?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/112987545/26954031/40681966/s65_ridhi.bhutani.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45651969 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45651969"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45651969, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45651969", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45651969]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45651969").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45651969").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45651969"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="667" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Literature">Russian Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="667" type="text/json">{"id":667,"name":"Russian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="975" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_and_Gender">Sex and Gender</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="975" type="text/json">{"id":975,"name":"Sex and Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_and_Gender?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1192" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory">Feminist Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1192" type="text/json">{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2860" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies">Postcolonial Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2860" type="text/json">{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45651969]'), work: {"id":45651969,"title":"The Dostoyevskian Ressurection","created_at":"2021-03-31T07:56:11.022-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45651969/The_Dostoyevskian_Ressurection?f_ri=6258","dom_id":"work_45651969","summary":"This essay is a critical examination of Russian prodigy Dostoyevsky's famous work \"Crime and Punishment\". In this essay, I attempt to deconstruct the ideas of duality, identity crisis, moral resurrection, and religion by illuminating the theme of prostitution and crime. My area of concern is Sonya and her multi-layered character used as a window to gauge the above-mentioned ideas. \nKeywords: Prostitution, Christianity, Sin, soul, identity, Crime ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66150597,"asset_id":45651969,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":112987545,"first_name":"Ridhi","last_name":"Bhutani","domain_name":"delhi-university","page_name":"RidhiBhutani","display_name":"Ridhi Bhutani","profile_url":"https://delhi-university.academia.edu/RidhiBhutani?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/112987545/26954031/40681966/s65_ridhi.bhutani.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":667,"name":"Russian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":975,"name":"Sex and Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_and_Gender?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":3581,"name":"Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetry?f_ri=6258"},{"id":6108,"name":"Womanist Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womanist_Theology?f_ri=6258"},{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258"},{"id":13353,"name":"Indian English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_English_Literature?f_ri=6258"},{"id":24774,"name":"Women of Color Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women_of_Color_Feminism?f_ri=6258"},{"id":71223,"name":"Caste and Gender Issues in Indian Culture and Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caste_and_Gender_Issues_in_Indian_Culture_and_Literature?f_ri=6258"},{"id":83745,"name":"Partition of India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Partition_of_India?f_ri=6258"},{"id":165163,"name":"Slam Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slam_Poetry?f_ri=6258"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45163858" data-work_id="45163858" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45163858/Syllabus_for_LITR_451_World_Writers_Black_Novels_Matter_">Syllabus for LITR 451 (World Writers: Black Novels Matter)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">These is the syllabus for LITR 451, which was taught as part of a pair of concurrent courses taught entirely virtually at the intermediate and advanced level during the pandemic-era Spring 2021 semester. At both levels, the course offered... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45163858" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">These is the syllabus for LITR 451, which was taught as part of a pair of concurrent courses taught entirely virtually at the intermediate and advanced level during the pandemic-era Spring 2021 semester. At both levels, the course offered students a sampling of fiction by nine different African American (defined broadly as being an author with some measure of personal, familial, and/or cultural association with both Africa and North America) authors who published within the last ten years, including Nana Kwame Adjei-Brenyah, Esi Edugyan, Akwaeke Emezi, Tope Folarin, Yaa Gyasi, Okey Ndibe, Nafissa Thompson-Spires, Jesmyn Ward, and Colson Whitehead.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45163858" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ef602557e4e54c83a8c673bf306a4410" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65742229,"asset_id":45163858,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65742229/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1087186" href="https://potsdam.academia.edu/DerekCMaus">Derek C. Maus</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1087186" type="text/json">{"id":1087186,"first_name":"Derek C.","last_name":"Maus","domain_name":"potsdam","page_name":"DerekCMaus","display_name":"Derek C. Maus","profile_url":"https://potsdam.academia.edu/DerekCMaus?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1087186/377060/456927/s65_derek_c..maus.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45163858 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45163858"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45163858, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45163858", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_45163858 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45163858; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_45163858"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_45163858 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45163858"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45163858; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45163858]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45163858").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45163858").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45163858"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature">American Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10" type="text/json">{"id":10,"name":"American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="296" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies">Black Studies Or African American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="296" type="text/json">{"id":296,"name":"Black Studies Or African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2418" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature">Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2418" type="text/json">{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2621" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education">Higher Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2621" type="text/json">{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45163858]'), work: {"id":45163858,"title":"Syllabus for LITR 451 (World Writers: Black Novels Matter)","created_at":"2021-02-21T08:48:10.980-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45163858/Syllabus_for_LITR_451_World_Writers_Black_Novels_Matter_?f_ri=6258","dom_id":"work_45163858","summary":"These is the syllabus for LITR 451, which was taught as part of a pair of concurrent courses taught entirely virtually at the intermediate and advanced level during the pandemic-era Spring 2021 semester. At both levels, the course offered students a sampling of fiction by nine different African American (defined broadly as being an author with some measure of personal, familial, and/or cultural association with both Africa and North America) authors who published within the last ten years, including Nana Kwame Adjei-Brenyah, Esi Edugyan, Akwaeke Emezi, Tope Folarin, Yaa Gyasi, Okey Ndibe, Nafissa Thompson-Spires, Jesmyn Ward, and Colson Whitehead.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65742229,"asset_id":45163858,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1087186,"first_name":"Derek C.","last_name":"Maus","domain_name":"potsdam","page_name":"DerekCMaus","display_name":"Derek C. Maus","profile_url":"https://potsdam.academia.edu/DerekCMaus?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1087186/377060/456927/s65_derek_c..maus.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10,"name":"American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":296,"name":"Black Studies Or African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=6258"},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=6258"},{"id":5530,"name":"Canadian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canadian_Literature?f_ri=6258"},{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258"},{"id":14995,"name":"Black Popular Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Popular_Culture?f_ri=6258"},{"id":15513,"name":"Contemporary American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_American_Literature?f_ri=6258"},{"id":15514,"name":"Contemporary Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Literature?f_ri=6258"},{"id":31710,"name":"Twenty-first Century Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Twenty-first_Century_Literature?f_ri=6258"},{"id":44675,"name":"Fiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiction?f_ri=6258"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28534501" data-work_id="28534501" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28534501/Inaugurating_Caddaan_Studies">Inaugurating Caddaan Studies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">These poems, composed in Somali and in English, provide a poetic reflection of the recently emerged debate on the theme of Caddaan Studies which means "White Studies". The criticism and counter-criticism contained in the debate dug so... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28534501" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">These poems, composed in Somali and in English, provide a poetic reflection of the recently emerged debate on the theme of Caddaan Studies which means "White Studies". The criticism and counter-criticism contained in the debate dug so deep into life nerve of Somali Studies that over a thousand people participated. The poems, under the title "Inaugurating Caddaan Studies" were composed with a critical observation of the debate.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28534501" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="30954b9cd98d791e3835d1092d360e28" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48886341,"asset_id":28534501,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48886341/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="561663" href="https://uss-so.academia.edu/MohamedEno">Mohamed A Eno</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="561663" type="text/json">{"id":561663,"first_name":"Mohamed","last_name":"Eno","domain_name":"uss-so","page_name":"MohamedEno","display_name":"Mohamed A Eno","profile_url":"https://uss-so.academia.edu/MohamedEno?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/561663/398889/83112108/s65_mohamed.eno.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28534501 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28534501"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28534501, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28534501", }); 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The criticism and counter-criticism contained in the debate dug so deep into life nerve of Somali Studies that over a thousand people participated. The poems, under the title \"Inaugurating Caddaan Studies\" were composed with a critical observation of the debate. 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24390005/The_African_Cultural_Grounding_and_Historical_Provenance_of_the_Afrotriumphalist_Perspective">The African Cultural Grounding and Historical Provenance of the Afrotriumphalist Perspective</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The human worth of any given people is best appreciated in terms of their confidence in their history and culture as the embodiments of the life-affirming values and examples on the basis of which they can empower themselves and develop... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24390005" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The human worth of any given people is best appreciated in terms of their confidence in their history and culture as the embodiments of the life-affirming values and examples on the basis of which they can empower themselves and develop their communities. Without such confidence, it is impossible for any given people to be taken seriously by other members of the human family. This article sets out to outline the rubrics of " the Afrotriumphalist perspective " (Gwekwerere and Mheta:2012) in the study of phenomena relating to Africa, in addition to demonstrating its African cultural grounding and historical provenance against the backdrop of the need for African scholars to actively participate in the development of such Africa-centered critical perspectives as would furnish a brand of consciousness that expedites the appreciation of African people as capable of transcending their existential challenges. The emphasis on " the African cultural grounding " and " historical provenance " of the Afrotriumphalist perspective in this article is best understood in the light of the realization that African culture and history do in fact embody the life-affirming consciousness that should inform African thought and behaviour in the unfolding of the African Renaissance agenda.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24390005" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f4434d4090207532d821cc22e094ecb4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44723543,"asset_id":24390005,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44723543/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="741195" href="https://calstatela.academia.edu/TavengwaGwekwerere">Tavengwa Gwekwerere</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="741195" type="text/json">{"id":741195,"first_name":"Tavengwa","last_name":"Gwekwerere","domain_name":"calstatela","page_name":"TavengwaGwekwerere","display_name":"Tavengwa Gwekwerere","profile_url":"https://calstatela.academia.edu/TavengwaGwekwerere?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/741195/12103461/18652947/s65_tavengwa.gwekwerere.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24390005 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24390005"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24390005, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24390005", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24390005]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24390005").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24390005").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24390005"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6257" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Literature">African Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6257" type="text/json">{"id":6257,"name":"African Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6258" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature">African American Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6258" type="text/json">{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9619" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pan_Africanism">Pan Africanism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9619" type="text/json">{"id":9619,"name":"Pan Africanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pan_Africanism?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40285" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africana_Studies">Africana Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40285" type="text/json">{"id":40285,"name":"Africana Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africana_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24390005]'), work: {"id":24390005,"title":"The African Cultural Grounding and Historical Provenance of the Afrotriumphalist Perspective","created_at":"2016-04-14T03:38:33.730-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24390005/The_African_Cultural_Grounding_and_Historical_Provenance_of_the_Afrotriumphalist_Perspective?f_ri=6258","dom_id":"work_24390005","summary":"The human worth of any given people is best appreciated in terms of their confidence in their history and culture as the embodiments of the life-affirming values and examples on the basis of which they can empower themselves and develop their communities. Without such confidence, it is impossible for any given people to be taken seriously by other members of the human family. This article sets out to outline the rubrics of \" the Afrotriumphalist perspective \" (Gwekwerere and Mheta:2012) in the study of phenomena relating to Africa, in addition to demonstrating its African cultural grounding and historical provenance against the backdrop of the need for African scholars to actively participate in the development of such Africa-centered critical perspectives as would furnish a brand of consciousness that expedites the appreciation of African people as capable of transcending their existential challenges. The emphasis on \" the African cultural grounding \" and \" historical provenance \" of the Afrotriumphalist perspective in this article is best understood in the light of the realization that African culture and history do in fact embody the life-affirming consciousness that should inform African thought and behaviour in the unfolding of the African Renaissance agenda.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44723543,"asset_id":24390005,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":741195,"first_name":"Tavengwa","last_name":"Gwekwerere","domain_name":"calstatela","page_name":"TavengwaGwekwerere","display_name":"Tavengwa Gwekwerere","profile_url":"https://calstatela.academia.edu/TavengwaGwekwerere?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/741195/12103461/18652947/s65_tavengwa.gwekwerere.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6257,"name":"African Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":9619,"name":"Pan Africanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pan_Africanism?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":40285,"name":"Africana Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africana_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":43009,"name":"African Renaissance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Renaissance?f_ri=6258"},{"id":207277,"name":"Pan African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pan_African_Studies?f_ri=6258"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31844335" data-work_id="31844335" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31844335/Constitution_of_the_Universal_Negro_Improvement_Association_1918">Constitution of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, 1918</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">outdated Black Western imperialist/colonialist document carrying blatant insults and disregard to indigenous politico-religious governments nd sovereigns such as implying "backwads tribes of Africa" need "civilizing" and "conscientious... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31844335" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">outdated Black Western imperialist/colonialist document carrying blatant insults and disregard to indigenous politico-religious governments nd sovereigns such as implying "backwads tribes of Africa" need "civilizing" and "conscientious spiritual worship" (Christianity). "Black nationalism" or "pan Africanism" had a foundation of Black colonial mentality built on INSULTING instead of CONSULTING indigenous Black civilizations, economic systems educational systems and utter disregard for indigenous governments as representing sovereign indigenous confederations/leagues/communities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31844335" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="57379a36418000aad15d541cd42202bf" rel="nofollow" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies">African Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="379" type="text/json">{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2938" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_African_Diaspora">Black/African Diaspora</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2938" type="text/json">{"id":2938,"name":"Black/African Diaspora","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_African_Diaspora?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3870" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Diaspora_Studies">African Diaspora Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3870" type="text/json">{"id":3870,"name":"African Diaspora Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Diaspora_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31844335]'), work: {"id":31844335,"title":"Constitution of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, 1918","created_at":"2017-03-13T07:36:43.396-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31844335/Constitution_of_the_Universal_Negro_Improvement_Association_1918?f_ri=6258","dom_id":"work_31844335","summary":"outdated Black Western imperialist/colonialist document carrying blatant insults and disregard to indigenous politico-religious governments nd sovereigns such as implying \"backwads tribes of Africa\" need \"civilizing\" and \"conscientious spiritual worship\" (Christianity). \"Black nationalism\" or \"pan Africanism\" had a foundation of Black colonial mentality built on INSULTING instead of CONSULTING indigenous Black civilizations, economic systems educational systems and utter disregard for indigenous governments as representing sovereign indigenous confederations/leagues/communities.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52136350,"asset_id":31844335,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12482922,"first_name":"Chizoro","last_name":"Okeke","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ConfidenceOkeke","display_name":"Chizoro Okeke","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ConfidenceOkeke?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12482922/3649345/14742593/s65_chizoro.okeke.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":296,"name":"Black Studies Or African American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Studies_Or_African_American_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":2938,"name":"Black/African 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an Eco-theological Study of Celie in The Color Purple by Alice Walker</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of the research is to explicate the importance of understanding bio-centric equality in the process of Self-realization. It focuses on how the 17 th century Western concept of Selfrealization, through the process of individuation... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49311449" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of the research is to explicate the importance of understanding bio-centric equality in the process of Self-realization. It focuses on how the 17 th century Western concept of Selfrealization, through the process of individuation emphasizing human beings as separate entities, detached from other human and non-human aspects, has induced a selfish nature. Alice Walker's famous novel The Color Purple has been chosen to explore the importance of an alternate reality of a biophilic narrative with regards to the process of Self-realization. Rosemary Radford Ruether's concepts of "Gaia" and the "Human Consciousness and Altruism" are employed on the text by Alice Walker.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49311449" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e0541c77e8942b62aa8db0a0150b7393" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67689780,"asset_id":49311449,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67689780/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="106519607" href="https://kinnaird.academia.edu/SadiaZahid">Sadia Zahid</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="106519607" type="text/json">{"id":106519607,"first_name":"Sadia","last_name":"Zahid","domain_name":"kinnaird","page_name":"SadiaZahid","display_name":"Sadia Zahid","profile_url":"https://kinnaird.academia.edu/SadiaZahid?f_ri=6258","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49311449 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49311449"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49311449, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49311449", }); 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an Eco-theological Study of Celie in The Color Purple by Alice Walker","created_at":"2021-06-20T11:33:10.102-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49311449/Towards_A_Holistic_Transformation_an_Eco_theological_Study_of_Celie_in_The_Color_Purple_by_Alice_Walker?f_ri=6258","dom_id":"work_49311449","summary":"The aim of the research is to explicate the importance of understanding bio-centric equality in the process of Self-realization. It focuses on how the 17 th century Western concept of Selfrealization, through the process of individuation emphasizing human beings as separate entities, detached from other human and non-human aspects, has induced a selfish nature. Alice Walker's famous novel The Color Purple has been chosen to explore the importance of an alternate reality of a biophilic narrative with regards to the process of Self-realization. Rosemary Radford Ruether's concepts of \"Gaia\" and the \"Human Consciousness and Altruism\" are employed on the text by Alice Walker.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67689780,"asset_id":49311449,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":106519607,"first_name":"Sadia","last_name":"Zahid","domain_name":"kinnaird","page_name":"SadiaZahid","display_name":"Sadia Zahid","profile_url":"https://kinnaird.academia.edu/SadiaZahid?f_ri=6258","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":7888,"name":"Literary Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Theory?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":23202,"name":"Ecotheology (Environment)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecotheology_Environment_?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":34927,"name":"African American Women Writers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Women_Writers?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":62839,"name":"Thesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thesis?f_ri=6258"},{"id":65316,"name":"Alice Walker","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alice_Walker?f_ri=6258"},{"id":259168,"name":"Self-Realization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self-Realization?f_ri=6258"},{"id":277886,"name":"African American women's identity constructions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_womens_identity_constructions?f_ri=6258"},{"id":524005,"name":"The Color Purple","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Color_Purple?f_ri=6258"},{"id":1119084,"name":"Gaia Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gaia_Theory?f_ri=6258"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1890576" data-work_id="1890576" 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Poems","created_at":"2012-08-28T02:44:38.869-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1890576/The_Lifelong_Dinner_Guest_from_the_The_Negro_Vogue_The_Influence_of_Theatre_on_Langston_Hughess_Dramatic_Monologue_Poems?f_ri=6258","dom_id":"work_1890576","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":26863597,"asset_id":1890576,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2391120,"first_name":"Gregory","last_name":"Jones","domain_name":"vccs","page_name":"GregoryJones","display_name":"Gregory Jones","profile_url":"https://vccs.academia.edu/GregoryJones?f_ri=6258","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":41150,"name":"Langston Hughes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Langston_Hughes?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":153448,"name":"Dramatic Monologue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dramatic_Monologue?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_912526" data-work_id="912526" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/912526/Dying_to_Know_Identity_and_Self_Knowledge_in_Baldwins_Another_Country">Dying to Know: Identity and Self-Knowledge in Baldwin's Another Country</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/912526" data-share-source="work_strip" 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Martinez","profile_url":"https://uoregon.academia.edu/ErnestoMartinez?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/732700/250355/378861/s65_ernesto.martinez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10,"name":"American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":390,"name":"American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":3114,"name":"Queer Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Queer_Theory?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":4918,"name":"Gay And Lesbian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gay_And_Lesbian_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258"},{"id":7888,"name":"Literary Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Theory?f_ri=6258"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12137538" data-work_id="12137538" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12137538/_You_got_tuh_go_there_tuh_know_there_Reading_Race_Gender_and_the_Womanshenegro_in_the_Novels_of_William_Faulkner_and_Zora_Neale_Hurston">“You got tuh go there tuh know there": Reading Race, Gender, and the "Womanshenegro" in the Novels of William Faulkner and Zora Neale Hurston</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This essay analyzes intersections of blackness and womanhood in William Faulkner’s THE SOUND AND THE FURY and LIGHT IN AUGUST and Zora Neal Hurston’s THEIR EYES WERE WATCHING GOD to explore (1) how two authors of diverging races and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12137538" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay analyzes intersections of blackness and womanhood in William Faulkner’s THE SOUND AND THE FURY and LIGHT IN AUGUST and Zora Neal Hurston’s THEIR EYES WERE WATCHING GOD to explore (1) how two authors of diverging races and genders engage the multiple jeopardy of marginalized race and gender in their novels; (2) how an author’s own racial and gendered positioning affects and informs his or her textual presentation of race and gender; and (3) the degree to which a novel’s treatment of race and gender provokes readerly engagement of these selfsame constructs. Ultimately, the paper concludes that Faulkner, perhaps limited by his own racial and gendered positioning, utilizes his black and female characters primarily to speak out of and to a white and male perspective. Accordingly, characters such as Dilsey Compson and the “womanshenegro” reveal more about the position and privilege of white men living in the American South than about the marginalization and oppression of black women in the same geocultural space. Hurston, conversely, in depicting Afra-Americans not as absent, subordinate, and victimized but as present, principal, and resilient, celebrates the fullness of Afra-American life, independent of—and without the need to invoke—dominant (white male) culture, power, and privilege. Moreover—through conversations held between Janie Crawford and Pheoby Watson and dialogue sustained between the narrator and protagonist—THEIR EYES not only bears witness to Afra-American traumas and triumphs but also impels the sometimes reluctant, non-Afra-American reader to engage intersections of blackness and womanhood in American (literary) culture.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12137538" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aa89b81425c82da4bb5297a09b429b19" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57289340,"asset_id":12137538,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57289340/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1045929" href="https://colby-sawyer.academia.edu/EdenWalesFreedman">Eden Wales</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1045929" type="text/json">{"id":1045929,"first_name":"Eden","last_name":"Wales","domain_name":"colby-sawyer","page_name":"EdenWalesFreedman","display_name":"Eden Wales","profile_url":"https://colby-sawyer.academia.edu/EdenWalesFreedman?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1045929/374502/157544908/s65_eden.wales.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12137538 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12137538"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12137538, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12137538", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12137538]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12137538").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12137538").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12137538"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="997" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reception_Studies">Reception Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="997" type="text/json">{"id":997,"name":"Reception Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reception_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trauma_Studies">Trauma Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6106" type="text/json">{"id":6106,"name":"Trauma Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trauma_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6258" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature">African American Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6258" type="text/json">{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23086" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/William_Faulkner">William Faulkner</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23086" type="text/json">{"id":23086,"name":"William Faulkner","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/William_Faulkner?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12137538]'), work: {"id":12137538,"title":"“You got tuh go there tuh know there\": Reading Race, Gender, and the \"Womanshenegro\" in the Novels of William Faulkner and Zora Neale Hurston","created_at":"2015-04-28T06:35:23.007-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12137538/_You_got_tuh_go_there_tuh_know_there_Reading_Race_Gender_and_the_Womanshenegro_in_the_Novels_of_William_Faulkner_and_Zora_Neale_Hurston?f_ri=6258","dom_id":"work_12137538","summary":"This essay analyzes intersections of blackness and womanhood in William Faulkner’s THE SOUND AND THE FURY and LIGHT IN AUGUST and Zora Neal Hurston’s THEIR EYES WERE WATCHING GOD to explore (1) how two authors of diverging races and genders engage the multiple jeopardy of marginalized race and gender in their novels; (2) how an author’s own racial and gendered positioning affects and informs his or her textual presentation of race and gender; and (3) the degree to which a novel’s treatment of race and gender provokes readerly engagement of these selfsame constructs. Ultimately, the paper concludes that Faulkner, perhaps limited by his own racial and gendered positioning, utilizes his black and female characters primarily to speak out of and to a white and male perspective. Accordingly, characters such as Dilsey Compson and the “womanshenegro” reveal more about the position and privilege of white men living in the American South than about the marginalization and oppression of black women in the same geocultural space. Hurston, conversely, in depicting Afra-Americans not as absent, subordinate, and victimized but as present, principal, and resilient, celebrates the fullness of Afra-American life, independent of—and without the need to invoke—dominant (white male) culture, power, and privilege. Moreover—through conversations held between Janie Crawford and Pheoby Watson and dialogue sustained between the narrator and protagonist—THEIR EYES not only bears witness to Afra-American traumas and triumphs but also impels the sometimes reluctant, non-Afra-American reader to engage intersections of blackness and womanhood in American (literary) culture.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57289340,"asset_id":12137538,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1045929,"first_name":"Eden","last_name":"Wales","domain_name":"colby-sawyer","page_name":"EdenWalesFreedman","display_name":"Eden Wales","profile_url":"https://colby-sawyer.academia.edu/EdenWalesFreedman?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1045929/374502/157544908/s65_eden.wales.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":997,"name":"Reception Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reception_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":6106,"name":"Trauma Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trauma_Studies?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":23086,"name":"William Faulkner","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/William_Faulkner?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":25064,"name":"Black Feminist Theory/Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Feminist_Theory_Thought?f_ri=6258"},{"id":34922,"name":"Zora Neale Hurston","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zora_Neale_Hurston?f_ri=6258"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1740217" data-work_id="1740217" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1740217/Contemporary_Urban_Writers_Syllabus_spring_2011">Contemporary Urban Writers Syllabus: spring 2011</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Office Location and Hours: Carman 398, Thursday 2-3 or by appointment Course Location: Carman Hall 301 Thursdays 12:30-1:45 + online Description: This course will be a survey of writers from the last half of the 20 th Century to the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1740217" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Office Location and Hours: Carman 398, Thursday 2-3 or by appointment Course Location: Carman Hall 301 Thursdays 12:30-1:45 + online Description: This course will be a survey of writers from the last half of the 20 th Century to the present focusing on those whose work conveys the urban experience through various genres --novels, poetry, autobiography -and in some cases pushes the boundaries of what we consider writing. The focus will be on New York experience viewed in a diasporic sense: as the landing place of immigrants and migrants from the south, Puerto Rico, and Dominican Republic. A key question we will consider is how the process of adapting to city life, particularly the changes in the time periods covered is conveyed in the works of these writers. We will also ask basic questions such as who lives in the city? What voices are heard and how do various writers articulate their unique experiences? The goal of this course is to become familiar with a few key writers from the New York literary scene from the 1960s to the present and how they relate to the Black Arts, Nuyorican, and hip hop cultural movements.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1740217" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f00d6c7703b65bdeab9c7a69928b2d4a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":2619295,"asset_id":1740217,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/2619295/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="253609" href="https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/HenryHankWilliams">Henry (Hank) Williams</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="253609" type="text/json">{"id":253609,"first_name":"Henry (Hank)","last_name":"Williams","domain_name":"gc-cuny","page_name":"HenryHankWilliams","display_name":"Henry (Hank) Williams","profile_url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/HenryHankWilliams?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/253609/54229/9421105/s65_henry_hank_.williams.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1740217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1740217"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1740217, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1740217", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1740217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1740217; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1740217"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1740217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1740217"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1740217; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1740217]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1740217").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1740217").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1740217"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6258" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature">African American Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6258" type="text/json">{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11751" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Culture">African American Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11751" type="text/json">{"id":11751,"name":"African American Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Culture?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15056" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Arts_Movement">Black Arts Movement</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15056" type="text/json">{"id":15056,"name":"Black Arts Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Arts_Movement?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15346" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rico">Puerto Rico</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15346" type="text/json">{"id":15346,"name":"Puerto Rico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rico?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1740217]'), work: {"id":1740217,"title":"Contemporary Urban Writers Syllabus: spring 2011","created_at":"2011-04-16T04:54:18.749-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1740217/Contemporary_Urban_Writers_Syllabus_spring_2011?f_ri=6258","dom_id":"work_1740217","summary":"Office Location and Hours: Carman 398, Thursday 2-3 or by appointment Course Location: Carman Hall 301 Thursdays 12:30-1:45 + online Description: This course will be a survey of writers from the last half of the 20 th Century to the present focusing on those whose work conveys the urban experience through various genres --novels, poetry, autobiography -and in some cases pushes the boundaries of what we consider writing. The focus will be on New York experience viewed in a diasporic sense: as the landing place of immigrants and migrants from the south, Puerto Rico, and Dominican Republic. A key question we will consider is how the process of adapting to city life, particularly the changes in the time periods covered is conveyed in the works of these writers. We will also ask basic questions such as who lives in the city? What voices are heard and how do various writers articulate their unique experiences? The goal of this course is to become familiar with a few key writers from the New York literary scene from the 1960s to the present and how they relate to the Black Arts, Nuyorican, and hip hop cultural movements.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":2619295,"asset_id":1740217,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":253609,"first_name":"Henry (Hank)","last_name":"Williams","domain_name":"gc-cuny","page_name":"HenryHankWilliams","display_name":"Henry (Hank) Williams","profile_url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/HenryHankWilliams?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/253609/54229/9421105/s65_henry_hank_.williams.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":11751,"name":"African American Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Culture?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":15056,"name":"Black Arts Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Arts_Movement?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":15346,"name":"Puerto Rico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rico?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":39436,"name":"Puerto Rican Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rican_Studies?f_ri=6258"},{"id":39829,"name":"Dominican Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dominican_Studies?f_ri=6258"},{"id":45286,"name":"Dominican literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dominican_literature?f_ri=6258"},{"id":155467,"name":"Puerto Rican History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rican_History?f_ri=6258"},{"id":674038,"name":"Pedro Pietri","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pedro_Pietri?f_ri=6258"},{"id":674039,"name":"Nuyorican Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuyorican_Poetry?f_ri=6258"},{"id":764971,"name":"Miguel Pinero","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Miguel_Pinero?f_ri=6258"},{"id":767234,"name":"Dominican Women Writers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dominican_Women_Writers?f_ri=6258"},{"id":1008876,"name":"Nuyorican and African American Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuyorican_and_African_American_Poetry?f_ri=6258"},{"id":1008878,"name":"Theater and Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theater_and_Writing?f_ri=6258"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41753019" data-work_id="41753019" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41753019/SKETCHES_OF_PURITY_IN_GLORIA_NAYLORS_THE_WOMEN_OF_BREWSTER_PLACE_BAILEYS_CAFE_AND_IN_TONI_MORRISONS_PARADISE">SKETCHES OF "PURITY" IN GLORIA NAYLOR'S THE WOMEN OF BREWSTER PLACE, BAILEY'S CAFE AND IN TONI MORRISON'S PARADISE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Sketches of “purity” in Gloria Naylor’s The Women of Brewster Place, Bailey’s café and in Toni Morrison’s Paradise The notions of purity and impurity are at the heart of Toni Morrison’s and Gloria Naylor’s novels. Emmanuelle Andres... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41753019" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Sketches of “purity” in Gloria Naylor’s The Women of Brewster Place, Bailey’s café and in Toni Morrison’s Paradise<br /><br />The notions of purity and impurity are at the heart of Toni Morrison’s and Gloria Naylor’s novels. Emmanuelle Andres posits that they are inextricably linked to a sense of the sacred – i.e. things mysterious, occult or forbidden. According to the Latin etymology of the word, “sacer” designates “the person or thing that cannot be touched without being tainted or without tainting”. The idea of reversibility conveyed in those lines epitomizes the novelists’ textual rendering of their women characters’ sexual identities, in the narrative portraits sketched in The women of Brewster Place, Bailey’s cafe and Paradise. Scapegoating becomes a necessary instrument of telling in all three novels, where sexuality and violence are inextricably linked - the one fostering the other and vice versa.  Beyond the unspeakable (and yet, spoken) truth, beyond the violence, both Morrison and Naylor map out a fictional space whose boundaries are always already pushed back. Writing becomes the one way to purge individual and communal history – the one and only way to “wrap”, as Bailey says at the end of Naylor’s novel.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41753019" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4ac99b3f78ee5ae95709796463bdc531" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61910308,"asset_id":41753019,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61910308/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25594610" href="https://univ-larochelle.academia.edu/EmmanuelleANDRES">Emmanuelle ANDRES</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25594610" type="text/json">{"id":25594610,"first_name":"Emmanuelle","last_name":"ANDRES","domain_name":"univ-larochelle","page_name":"EmmanuelleANDRES","display_name":"Emmanuelle ANDRES","profile_url":"https://univ-larochelle.academia.edu/EmmanuelleANDRES?f_ri=6258","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41753019 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41753019"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41753019, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41753019", }); 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Emmanuelle Andres posits that they are inextricably linked to a sense of the sacred – i.e. things mysterious, occult or forbidden. According to the Latin etymology of the word, “sacer” designates “the person or thing that cannot be touched without being tainted or without tainting”. The idea of reversibility conveyed in those lines epitomizes the novelists’ textual rendering of their women characters’ sexual identities, in the narrative portraits sketched in The women of Brewster Place, Bailey’s cafe and Paradise. Scapegoating becomes a necessary instrument of telling in all three novels, where sexuality and violence are inextricably linked - the one fostering the other and vice versa. Beyond the unspeakable (and yet, spoken) truth, beyond the violence, both Morrison and Naylor map out a fictional space whose boundaries are always already pushed back. Writing becomes the one way to purge individual and communal history – the one and only way to “wrap”, as Bailey says at the end of Naylor’s novel.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61910308,"asset_id":41753019,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25594610,"first_name":"Emmanuelle","last_name":"ANDRES","domain_name":"univ-larochelle","page_name":"EmmanuelleANDRES","display_name":"Emmanuelle ANDRES","profile_url":"https://univ-larochelle.academia.edu/EmmanuelleANDRES?f_ri=6258","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":38832,"name":"Toni Morrison (Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toni_Morrison_Literature_?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":243146,"name":"Gloria Naylor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gloria_Naylor?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41860727" data-work_id="41860727" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41860727/The_Failure_of_the_American_Dream_in_August_Wilsons_Fences">The Failure of the American Dream in August Wilson's Fences</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper traces the impossibility of the fulfillment of the American dream for African Americans in August Wilson‟s Fences. It examines why Troy Maxon, as the protagonist of the play, is not able to fulfill his... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41860727" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This  paper traces  the  impossibility  of  the  fulfillment  of  the  American  dream  for  African Americans in August Wilson‟s  Fences. It examines why Troy Maxon, as the protagonist of the play,<br />is  not  able  to  fulfill  his  dreams  of  freedom,  and  economic  achievements  in  an  environment  of <br />oppression  where  he  finds  himself  surrounded  by  hostile  whites  who  hinder  his  development.  It <br />indicates  that  the  racial  discrimination,  manifested  in  various  forms  including  racial  segregation <br />prevalent  in  the  white-dominated  American  society,  impedes  Troy‟s  progress.  A  large  number  of <br />African-Americans migrated from southern states to the north in 1920s and 1930s in order to find <br />jobs in industrial northern states. They had been told that the United States was the promised land of <br />equal  chances  wherein everyone  regardless  of  race  and  gender  was  able to  progress  from  rags  to <br />riches.  They left the South, in which racism was still pervasive despite the abolition of slavery, and <br />moved to the North for the fulfillment of the dreams they had been promised.  The advocates of  the <br />American  Dream  claimed  that  hard  diligence  and  intelligence  could  lead  a  man  to  material <br />prosperity.  Nevertheless, this paper demonstrates that since African-Americans are considered to be <br />„„others‟‟  in  the  white  dominated  society,  financial  progress  and  other  aspects  of  the  American <br />Dream remain impossible dreams for them.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41860727" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6f146b75ac605d12718390f06dc8df13" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61995035,"asset_id":41860727,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61995035/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30869468" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF">Peyman Amanolahi Baharvand</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30869468" type="text/json">{"id":30869468,"first_name":"Peyman","last_name":"Amanolahi Baharvand","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"پیمانامانالهیبهاروند","display_name":"Peyman Amanolahi Baharvand","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30869468/9021434/10064791/s65__._.jpg_oh_ef2fdd3a2a6f92f11e98f4633ecc1298_oe_55cae39a___gda___1439913206_ec16feaeb5c36231f707d9f7340edf9c"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41860727 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41860727"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41860727, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41860727", }); 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It examines why Troy Maxon, as the protagonist of the play,\nis not able to fulfill his dreams of freedom, and economic achievements in an environment of \noppression where he finds himself surrounded by hostile whites who hinder his development. It \nindicates that the racial discrimination, manifested in various forms including racial segregation \nprevalent in the white-dominated American society, impedes Troy‟s progress. A large number of \nAfrican-Americans migrated from southern states to the north in 1920s and 1930s in order to find \njobs in industrial northern states. They had been told that the United States was the promised land of \nequal chances wherein everyone regardless of race and gender was able to progress from rags to \nriches. They left the South, in which racism was still pervasive despite the abolition of slavery, and \nmoved to the North for the fulfillment of the dreams they had been promised. The advocates of the \nAmerican Dream claimed that hard diligence and intelligence could lead a man to material \nprosperity. Nevertheless, this paper demonstrates that since African-Americans are considered to be \n„„others‟‟ in the white dominated society, financial progress and other aspects of the American \nDream remain impossible dreams for them.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61995035,"asset_id":41860727,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30869468,"first_name":"Peyman","last_name":"Amanolahi Baharvand","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"پیمانامانالهیبهاروند","display_name":"Peyman Amanolahi Baharvand","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30869468/9021434/10064791/s65__._.jpg_oh_ef2fdd3a2a6f92f11e98f4633ecc1298_oe_55cae39a___gda___1439913206_ec16feaeb5c36231f707d9f7340edf9c"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10,"name":"American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true},{"id":6258,"name":"African American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Literature?f_ri=6258","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35556739" data-work_id="35556739" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35556739/Teaching_Guide_to_%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD_%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E6%96%AF%E8%87%AA%E4%BC%A0_The_History_of_Mary_Prince">Teaching Guide to 玛丽·普林斯自传 – The History of Mary Prince</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Translation by Xu Chaolin.  Shanghai Jiaotong University Press, 2020.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35556739" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1d6f57de439359463282919b1e2575e8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55422444,"asset_id":35556739,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55422444/download_file?st=MTc0MDA1ODY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="291830" href="https://asu.academia.edu/JoeLockard">Joe Lockard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="291830" type="text/json">{"id":291830,"first_name":"Joe","last_name":"Lockard","domain_name":"asu","page_name":"JoeLockard","display_name":"Joe Lockard","profile_url":"https://asu.academia.edu/JoeLockard?f_ri=6258","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/291830/71969/35441286/s65_joe.lockard.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35556739 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35556739"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35556739, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35556739", }); 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Building the Basics: A Handbook for Developing Academic Excellence in Africana Studies focuses on the goal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44890368" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The mission and goal of Africana Studies is the development of cultural grounding, academic excellence, and social responsibility. Building the Basics: A Handbook for Developing Academic Excellence in Africana Studies focuses on the goal of developing students academically. Throughout students’ academic career, they will take a variety of courses and learn the course content. Many students enter higher education at different levels of preparation. Regardless of content or preparation, students should always build and develop the basics.<br /><br />Building the Basics provides students with strategies, tips, and approaches to maximize learning. The handbook discusses the basics of working at home, critical thinking and questioning, skilled and critical reading, scholarly writing, working collaboratively in groups, and studying for quizzes and examines. Each chapter begins with guiding questions and key terms to prime students for what is to come in the chapter. In addition, each chapter concludes with activities for students. Building the Basics offers pragmatic strategies and approaches to master the fundamentals every student needs to enhance student learning in pursuit of academic excellence.  <br /><br /><a href="https://he.kendallhunt.com/product/building-basics-handbook-pursuing-academic-excellence-africana-studies" rel="nofollow">https://he.kendallhunt.com/product/building-basics-handbook-pursuing-academic-excellence-africana-studies</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44890368" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="88057685" href="https://iusd.academia.edu/MKeithClaybrook">M. 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