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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Political Upheavals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_Upheavals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sachar's_Resignation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sachar's_Resignation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sachar's Resignation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sachar's_Resignation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Akali's_merger_in_Congress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akali's_merger_in_Congress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Akali's merger in Congress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Akali's_merger_in_Congress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PEPSU_merger_in_Punjab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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searchaux" style="display:none">1st election of Punjab Legislative Assembly</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #ededed"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">First Punjab Legislative Assembly</div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">Unicameral</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Houses</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="Punjab Legislative Assembly">Punjab Legislative Assembly</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">3 May 1952</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Disbanded</th><td class="infobox-data">31 March 1957</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Interim_East_Punjab_Assembly" title="Interim East Punjab Assembly">Interim East Punjab Assembly</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="Second Punjab Legislative Assembly">Second Punjab Legislative Assembly</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Speakers_of_the_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Speakers of the Punjab Legislative Assembly">Speaker</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Satya Pal<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> (1952-1954), </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Gurdial_Singh_Dhillon" title="Gurdial Singh Dhillon">Gurdial Singh Dhillon</a> (1954-1957) </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Deputy_Speakers_of_the_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Deputy Speakers of the Punjab Legislative Assembly (page does not exist)">Deputy Speaker</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Gurdial_Singh_Dhillon" title="Gurdial Singh Dhillon">Gurdial Singh Dhillon</a><sup id="cite_ref-page13_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-page13-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(1952-1954) </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Sarup_Singh" title="Sarup Singh">Sarup Singh</a><br />(1954-1957) </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_chief_ministers_of_the_Punjab_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of chief ministers of the Punjab (India) (page does not exist)">Leader of the House</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Bhim_Sen_Sachar" title="Bhim Sen Sachar">Bhim Sen Sachar</a><br /> (1952-1956) </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Pratap_Singh_Kairon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratap Singh Kairon">Pratap Singh Kairon</a> (1956-1957) </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_opposition_in_the_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="List of leaders of the opposition in the Punjab Legislative Assembly">Leader of the Opposition</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Singh_Khalsa" title="Gopal Singh Khalsa">Gopal Singh Khalsa</a><br />(1952-1956) </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Vacant <br />(1956-1957) </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>126</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pagexxx_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pagexxx-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1st_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/1st_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly.svg/280px-1st_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/1st_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly.svg/420px-1st_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/1st_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly.svg/560px-1st_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Punjab,_India" title="Government of Punjab, India">Government</a> (96)</b> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00DDFF; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a> (96)</li></ul> <p><b>Opposition (30)</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BD710F; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal" title="Shiromani Akali Dal">SAD</a> (13)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India" title="Communist Party of India">CPI</a> (4)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zamindar_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zamindar Party (page does not exist)">ZP</a> (2)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:yellow; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/All_India_Forward_Bloc" title="All India Forward Bloc">FB</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:darkred; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Lal_Communist_Party_Hind_Union" title="Lal Communist Party Hind Union">LCPHU</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DDDDDD; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind</a> (9)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Length of term</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1952-1957</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">Voting system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first-past-the-post</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1952_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1952 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1952</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Next election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1957_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1957 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1957</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1952 Punjab Legislative Assembly election</b> were the First <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="Punjab Legislative Assembly">Vidhan Sabha</a> (<a href="/wiki/State_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Legislative Assembly (India)">Legislative Assembly</a>) elections of the state when the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> emerged as the largest party with 96 seats in the 126-seat legislature in the election. The <a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal" title="Shiromani Akali Dal">Shiromani Akali Dal</a> became the official opposition, holding 13 seats. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sachar_Era">Sachar Era</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Sachar Era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the first general election (1952) Gopichand Bhargava got sore with Congress High Command over the allotment of seats and resigned in the protest. He fought the elections as an independent, and lost. With Bhargava exit, one of the faction leaders came under eclipse. After the election with the attainment of absolute majority by the Congressmen, there was a struggle for leadership. The main aspirants for The throne were <a href="/wiki/Pratap_Singh_Kairon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratap Singh Kairon">Pratap Singh Kairon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swaran_Singh" title="Swaran Singh">Swaran Singh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhimsen_Sachar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhimsen Sachar">Bhimsen Sachar</a>. Besides the Kairon group secured majority support in the Congress Party, and Nehru, the president of the Congress party claimed Kairon to be one of the "strongest pillars". Bhimsen Sachar was tipped to be the leader of the Punjab Congress assembly party in the place of Kairon.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_Upheavals">Political Upheavals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political Upheavals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Rift in Council of Ministers</b> </p><p>Even before Council of Ministers took oath a conflict rose as Partap Singh Kairon objected to 'Revenue' being put in the portfolio of Swaran Singh on the ground that it had been already agreed to between Nehru and him that in addition to 'Development', 'Revenue' including 'Consolidation of Holdings' would also form part of his portfolios. Sachar tried to convince Kairon to allow 'Revenue' to remain with Swaran Singh but he failed to convince him. Ultimately, the Chief Minister had to allocate the 'Revenue' portfolio to Kairon and Swaran Singh got 'Capital Project and Electricity' portfolio.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Sachar v/s Sharma</b> </p><p>Since its very inception, the Sachar Ministry did not sail smoothly. There was a rift among his Council of Ministers itself. Shri Ram Sharma was annoyed with Kairon on the pretext that he had been denied a square deal by kairon and <a href="/wiki/Jagat_Narain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagat Narain">Jagat Narain</a>. Sharma was dead set on a final trial of strength between two factions in the organisational setup at the earliest possible opportunity. He, however, apprehended that the Chief Minister would incline in favour of Kairon and Jagat Narain which may prove detrimental to Sharma. The Chief Minister advised Sharma to sit around the table to resolve the difference in an objective manner.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was alleged by intelligence sources that on 8 April 1953 the dissident Congressmen numbering about twenty-five had a secret meeting at the residence of Dr Satyapal (then speaker of Punjab Legislative Assembly). Sachar informed Nehru and <a href="/wiki/Maulana_Azad" title="Maulana Azad">Maulana Azad</a> about the alleged meeting of dissidents. Nehru in turn warned Shri Ram Sharma and Dr. Satyapal against their disruptionist activities Nehru good very much annoyed with these faction leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Sachar's Resignation</b> </p><p> Sachar, now fed up with Sharma, to get rid from him, on 22 July 1953 (a day of dramatic events), he suddenly resigned from the Chief Ministership and wrote to Governor: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I am sorry to inform you that circumstances have arisen necessitating my resignation from the office of Chief Minister. I, therefore, beg to tender my resignation as Chief Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> On the same day, the Governor accepted the resignation and then invited Sachar to form a new ministry. The Governor wrote to Sachar: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> I have already sent you a letter accepting your resignation and, therefore, of your cabinet. As your party is the majority party in the legislature and as you are the leader of the same, I wish to invite you to come and discuss with me the possibility of forming a new cabinet. Would, you, therefore, make it convenient to me and see me at 6.45 this evening.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>22 July 1953, saw certain fast moving dramatic developments. Sachar resigned. His resignation accepted, and then he was then re-sworn as the Chief Minister on the same day and Sachar formed the new Council of Ministers by dropping Shri Ram Sharma this time. </p><p><b>Kairon v/s Narain</b> </p><p>One-time joint faction of Kairon-Narain, both Ministers in Sachar Cabinet showing signs of cleavage. This was mainly due to <a href="/wiki/Jagat_Narain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagat Narain">Jagat Narain</a>'s favour for nationalisation of motor transport in the State while Kairon vehemently opposed it due to the fact that this industry was mainly controlled by those who backed Kairon politically as well as financially.<sup id="cite_ref-Turmoil_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turmoil-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The blame was on Kairon that he manipulate dissident Congressmen to level certain charges of corruption against Jagat Naraini in Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-Turmoil_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turmoil-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 22 March 1955,<sup id="cite_ref-Debate_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debate-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during Assembly session, Chief Minister made an offer to opposition legislators that if they were to appoint committee of their own and could bring to his notice any specific charges against Jagat Narain. On the following day the opposition benches constituted themselves into a Committee and demanded Jagat Narain be relieved of his Education portfolio first.<sup id="cite_ref-Debate_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debate-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Narain himself gave assent and Chief Minister took the same portfolio from him. On next day, opposition demanded that Narain should also be relieved from other portfolios also.<sup id="cite_ref-Debate_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debate-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Narain again himself expressed his wish to be relieved. Sachar accepted Narain's resignation and took the portfolios under his charge. This was, however, an open secret that it was Kairon's strategy to weaken Narain politically.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Kairon v/s Sachar</b> </p><p>In May 1955, <a href="/wiki/Akali_Dal" class="mw-redirect" title="Akali Dal">Akali Dal</a> launched <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Suba_movement#1955_Slogan_Agitation" title="Punjabi Suba movement">Agitation</a> as imposition of restrictions on holding public meetings and organising processions. On 4 July, Police entered the precincts of a <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> shrine <a href="/wiki/Harmandir_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmandir Sahib">Harmandir Sahib</a> to arrest some of the agitators. The Chief Minister publicly apologised for police entry into the holy place of worship. </p><p>The lenient attitude of Sachar towards Akalis was exploited by Kairon. On 15 July, Jathedar <a href="/wiki/Mohan_Singh_Nagoke" title="Mohan Singh Nagoke">Mohan Singh Nagoke</a> went to <a href="/wiki/Jalandhar" title="Jalandhar">Jalandhar</a> and had a dialogue with <a href="/wiki/Comrade" title="Comrade">Comrade</a> <a href="/wiki/Ram_Kishan" title="Ram Kishan">Ram Kishan</a> and assured that Nagoke group would help the Kairon group to oust Sachar. On this Sachar sought permission of the Congress High Command to drop Kairon from his cabinet. <a href="/wiki/U._N._Dhebar" title="U. N. Dhebar">U. N. Dhebar</a>, Congress National President, on 5 August blamed Sachar for the lapses and made it categorically clear that "there can be no thought of displacing Kairon or replacing him".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even after initiatives by <a href="/wiki/Maulana_Azad" title="Maulana Azad">Maulana Azad</a> the conflict between two leading leaders never resolved. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sachar's_Resignation"><span id="Sachar.27s_Resignation"></span>Sachar's Resignation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sachar's Resignation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dissidence in the Congress party continued on unabated. The decedent MLAs resentment was directed against Sachar because of two reasons. First, handling of the allegations of nepotism in corruption levelled by the opposition against <a href="/wiki/Jagat_Narain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagat Narain">Jagat Narain</a>. Second, dissidents blamed Sachar for the lenient attitude towards the Akali's agitation. Kairon convinced the Congress High Command that Sachar was incapable of dealing with a Akali agitations in Punjab and lacked rapport with the State Congressman. </p><p> In January 1956, Sachar went to <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> to attend the <a href="/wiki/National_Development_Council_(India)" title="National Development Council (India)">National Development Council</a>. During this, Sachar sought an appointment from <a href="/wiki/Jawahar_Lal_Nehru" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawahar Lal Nehru">Jawahar Lal Nehru</a>, who retorted. Sachar felt let down. On the following day, Sachar wrote his resignation letter to Nehru. In it, he stated:- <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It appears to me that I have lost your confidence. I shall therefore feel grateful if you would have enclosed resignation sent to the Governor, Punjab.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> In an enclosed resignation to Governor C. P. N. Singh, on 7 January 1956, Sachar wrote the only line:- <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I hereby tender my resignation from the office of the Chief Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>On 14 January 1956, Bhimsen Sachar resigned from the Leadership of Punjab Congress Assembly Party. On 21 January, <a href="/wiki/Partap_Singh_Kairon" title="Partap Singh Kairon">Partap Singh Kairon</a> elected as new leader and on 23rd he took oath of the Office of Chief Minister. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Akali's_merger_in_Congress"><span id="Akali.27s_merger_in_Congress"></span>Akali's merger in Congress</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Akali's merger in Congress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The growing strength of <a href="/wiki/Tara_Singh_(activist)" title="Tara Singh (activist)">Tara Singh</a> cause a concern for the Congress Party. To counter the demand for Punjabi Suba by <a href="/wiki/Akali_Dal" class="mw-redirect" title="Akali Dal">Akali Dal</a> led by Tara Singh, 'Maha Punjab' campaign was started by some groups. The growing strength of Akali Dal alarmed the Congress leadership. </p><p>In 1956, an understanding was reached between ruling Congress and opposition Akali Dal, after which Akali stalwart joined Congress Party. The Akali accepted the regional plan at their meeting on 30 September 1956. Akali Dal didn't contest 1957 General election on their own.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="PEPSU_merger_in_Punjab">PEPSU merger in Punjab</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: PEPSU merger in Punjab"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1955, <a href="/wiki/State_Reorganisation_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="State Reorganisation Commission">State Reorganisation Commission</a> recommended the merger of Punjab and <a href="/wiki/Patiala_and_East_Punjab_States_Union" title="Patiala and East Punjab States Union">Patiala and East Punjab States Union</a> (PEPSU). PEPSU Assembly had 60 members. With its merger on 1 November 1956, the strength of Punjab Legislative Assembly increased from 126 to 186. On 6 November 1956, all members re-sworn in Punjab Legislative Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://speakerpunjab.gov.in/former-speakers/">Former speaker of punjab vidhan sabha</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-page13-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-page13_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">page xiii of <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.punjabassembly.nic.in/images/docs/compendium_doc.pdf">Punjab Vidhan Sabha Compendium</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="Punjab Legislative Assembly">Punjab Legislative Assembly</a>. Retrieved on 2 July 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3442-punjab-1951/?do=download&csrfKey=797b3f6857592f27c609e212bc1cc67b">Statistical Report of 1952 Punjab Legislative Assembly election (PDF)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pagexxx-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pagexxx_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">page xxx of <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.punjabassembly.nic.in/images/docs/compendium_doc.pdf">Punjab Vidhan Sabha Compendium</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="Punjab Legislative Assembly">Punjab Legislative Assembly</a>. Retrieved on 2 July 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nehru to Sachar, 26 February 1952, Sachar Papers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turmoil in Punjab Politics by S. C. Arora. P.46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sachar to Ram Sharma, Sachar Papers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nehru to Satyapal, 19 April 1953. Sachar Papers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sachar to C. P. N. Singh, 22 July 1953, Sachar Papers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sachar Papers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turmoil-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Turmoil_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Turmoil_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Turmoil in Punjab Politics by S. C. Arora. P. 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Debate-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Debate_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debate_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debate_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://punjabassembly.nic.in/images/Debates/1955/21%20March%20to%2022%20April%201955.pdf">Punjab Assembly debate.</a> <i>www.punjabassembly.nic.in</i>. Retrieved 21 December 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turmoil in Punjab Politics by S. C. Arora. P. 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U. N. Dhebar to Sachar, 5 August 1955. Sachar Papers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sachar to Nehru, 7 January 1956. Sachar Papers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sachar to Governor CPN Singh, 7 January 1956. Sachar Papers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://idcindia.org/wp-content/themes/idc/pdf/elections/Electoral_Politics_in%20_Punjab_2021_updated.pdf">Electoral politics in Punjab</a>. (Pdf) P. 38. Retrieved 23 December 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://punjabassembly.nic.in/images/Debates/1957/6%20November1956%20to%2021%20March%201957.pdf">Punjab Assembly Debates.</a> (Pdf) <i>www.punjabassembly.nic.in</i>. 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Legislative Assembly">Punjab Legislative Assembly</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1952_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1952 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1952</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1st Punjab Assembly</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1957_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1957 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1957</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Second_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="Second Punjab Legislative Assembly">2nd Punjab Assembly</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1962_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1962 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1962</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Third_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="Third Punjab Legislative Assembly">3rd Punjab Assembly</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1967_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1967 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1967</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="Fourth Punjab Legislative Assembly">4th Punjab Assembly</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1969_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1969 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1969</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="Fifth Punjab Legislative Assembly">5th Punjab Assembly</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1972_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1972 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1972</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="Sixth Punjab Legislative Assembly">6th Punjab Assembly</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1977_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1977 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1977</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="Seventh Punjab Legislative Assembly">7th Punjab Assembly</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1980_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1980 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1980</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="Eighth Punjab Legislative Assembly">8th Punjab Assembly</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1985_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1985 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1985</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="Ninth Punjab Legislative Assembly">9th Punjab Assembly</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1992_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1992</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_Punjab_Assembly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th Punjab Assembly (page does not exist)">10th Punjab Assembly</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1997_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">1997</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/11th_Punjab_Assembly" title="11th Punjab Assembly">11th Punjab Assembly</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2002_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">2002</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Punjab_Assembly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Punjab Assembly (page does not exist)">12th Punjab Assembly</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2007_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">2007</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/13th_Punjab_Assembly" title="13th Punjab Assembly">13th Punjab Assembly</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2012_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">2012</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/14th_Punjab_Assembly" title="14th Punjab Assembly">14th Punjab Assembly</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2017_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">2017</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/15th_Punjab_Assembly" title="15th Punjab Assembly">15th Punjab Assembly</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2022_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election">2022</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/16th_Punjab_Assembly" title="16th Punjab Assembly">16th Punjab Assembly</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Legislative_Assembly#Committees" title="Punjab Legislative Assembly">Committees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Assembly_Committee_on_Agriculture_and_its_allied_activities" title="Punjab Assembly Committee on Agriculture and its allied activities">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Assembly_Committee_on_Co-operation_and_its_allied_activities" title="Punjab Assembly Committee on Co-operation and its allied activities">Co-operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Assembly_Committee_on_Estimates" title="Punjab Assembly Committee on Estimates">Estimates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Assembly_Committee_on_Government_Assurances" title="Punjab Assembly Committee on Government Assurances">Government Assurances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Assembly_House_Committee" title="Punjab Assembly House 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