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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ingia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tovuti"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Yaliyomo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Yaliyomo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Mwanzo</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Matatizo_ya_jina_hili" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matatizo_ya_jina_hili"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Matatizo ya jina hili</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matatizo_ya_jina_hili-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia_ya_Mashariki_ya_Kati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia_ya_Mashariki_ya_Kati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia ya Mashariki ya Kati</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia_ya_Mashariki_ya_Kati-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historia ya Mashariki ya Kati subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia_ya_Mashariki_ya_Kati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kitovu_cha_ustaarabu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kitovu_cha_ustaarabu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Kitovu cha ustaarabu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kitovu_cha_ustaarabu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muhtasari_wa_historia_ya_utawala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muhtasari_wa_historia_ya_utawala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Muhtasari wa historia ya utawala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muhtasari_wa_historia_ya_utawala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ugawaji_wa_Milki_ya_Osmani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ugawaji_wa_Milki_ya_Osmani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ugawaji wa Milki ya Osmani</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ugawaji_wa_Milki_ya_Osmani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maeneo_mengine_baada_ya_Vita_Kuu_ya_Kwanza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maeneo_mengine_baada_ya_Vita_Kuu_ya_Kwanza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Maeneo mengine baada ya Vita Kuu ya Kwanza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maeneo_mengine_baada_ya_Vita_Kuu_ya_Kwanza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ugunduzi_wa_mafuta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ugunduzi_wa_mafuta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Ugunduzi wa mafuta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ugunduzi_wa_mafuta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wakazi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wakazi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Wakazi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wakazi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Picha_za_Miji_ya_MAshariki_ya_Kati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Picha_za_Miji_ya_MAshariki_ya_Kati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Picha za Miji ya MAshariki ya Kati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Picha_za_Miji_ya_MAshariki_ya_Kati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tanbihi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tanbihi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Tanbihi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tanbihi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viungo_vya_nje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viungo_vya_nje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Viungo vya nje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viungo_vya_nje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Yaliyomo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mashariki ya Kati</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Nenda kwenye makala kwa lugha nyingine. Lugha 179 zinapatikana" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-179" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lugha 179</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midde-Ooste" title="Midde-Ooste – Kiafrikana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Midde-Ooste" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Kiafrikana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naher_Osten" title="Naher Osten – Kijerumani cha Uswisi" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Naher Osten" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Kijerumani cha Uswisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8A%AB%E1%8A%A8%E1%88%88%E1%8A%9B%E1%8B%8D_%E1%88%9D%E1%88%A5%E1%88%AB%E1%89%85" title="መካከለኛው ምሥራቅ – Kiamhari" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መካከለኛው ምሥራቅ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Kiamhari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Meyo" title="Orient Meyo – Kiaragoni" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Orient Meyo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Kiaragoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etete_Mbum-ura" title="Etete Mbum-ura – Kiobolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Etete Mbum-ura" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Kiobolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="मध्य पूर्व – Kiangika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मध्य पूर्व" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Kiangika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7" title="الشرق الأوسط – Kiarabu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الشرق الأوسط" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Kiarabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%95%DC%A2%DC%9A%DC%90_%DC%A1%DC%A8%DC%A5%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܡܕܢܚܐ ܡܨܥܝܬܐ – Kiaramu" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܕܢܚܐ ܡܨܥܝܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Kiaramu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7" title="الشرق لأوسط – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="الشرق لأوسط" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7" title="الشرق الاوسط – Kiarabu cha Misri" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الشرق الاوسط" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Kiarabu cha Misri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriente_Mediu" title="Oriente Mediu – Kiasturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Oriente Mediu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Kiasturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orta_%C5%9E%C9%99rq" title="Orta Şərq – Kiazerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Orta Şərq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Kiazerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82" title="اورتاشرق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اورتاشرق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Урта Көнсығыш – Kibashkiri" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Урта Көнсығыш" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Kibashkiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%97dor%C4%97n%C4%97%CC%84j%C4%97_R%C4%ABt%C4%81" title="Vėdorėnė̄jė Rītā – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vėdorėnė̄jė Rītā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahaw_na_Sirangan" title="Tahaw na Sirangan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tahaw na Sirangan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Сярэдні Усход – Kibelarusi" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сярэдні Усход" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Kibelarusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%8E%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Сярэдні Ўсход – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сярэдні Ўсход" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Близък изток – Kibulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Близък изток" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Kibulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC" title="मध्य पूरुब – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मध्य पूरुब" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_Tangah" title="Timur Tangah – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Timur Tangah" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="মধ্যপ্রাচ্য – Kibengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মধ্যপ্রাচ্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Kibengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reter-Kreiz" title="Reter-Kreiz – Kibretoni" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Reter-Kreiz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Kibretoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srednji_istok" title="Srednji istok – Kibosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Srednji istok" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Kibosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_tonga" title="Timur tonga – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Timur tonga" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%94%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Дунда Дурна – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Дунда Дурна" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Mitj%C3%A0" title="Orient Mitjà – Kikatalani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Orient Mitjà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Kikatalani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%B9%B3%CC%86ng-d%C4%95%CC%A4ng" title="Dṳ̆ng-dĕ̤ng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dṳ̆ng-dĕ̤ng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Йуккъера Малхбале – Kichechenia" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Йуккъера Малхбале" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Kichechenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین – Kikurdi cha Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kikurdi cha Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediu_Urienti" title="Mediu Urienti – Kikosikani" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Mediu Urienti" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Kikosikani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C5%99edn%C3%AD_v%C3%BDchod" title="Střední východ – Kicheki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Střední východ" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Kicheki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A5%C4%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%85%C4%83%C3%A7" title="Малти Хĕвелтухăç – Kichuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Малти Хĕвелтухăç" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Kichuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Dwyrain_Canol" title="Y Dwyrain Canol – Kiwelisi" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Dwyrain Canol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Kiwelisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellem%C3%B8sten" title="Mellemøsten – Kidenmaki" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mellemøsten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Kidenmaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mittlerer_Osten" title="Mittlerer Osten – Kijerumani" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mittlerer Osten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Kijerumani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocakewtena_Miyani" title="Rocakewtena Miyani – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Rocakewtena Miyani" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="मध्य पूर्व – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मध्य पूर्व" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE" title="Μέση Ανατολή – Kigiriki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέση Ανατολή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Kigiriki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East – Kiingereza" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Middle East" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Kiingereza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezoriento" title="Mezoriento – Kiesperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mezoriento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Kiesperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriente_Medio" title="Oriente Medio – Kihispania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oriente Medio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Kihispania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4his-Ida" title="Lähis-Ida – Kiestonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lähis-Ida" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Kiestonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekialde_Ertain" title="Ekialde Ertain – Kibaski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ekialde Ertain" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Kibaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orienti_Meiu" title="Orienti Meiu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Orienti Meiu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="خاورمیانه – Kiajemi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خاورمیانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Kiajemi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4hi-it%C3%A4" title="Lähi-itä – Kifini" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lähi-itä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Kifini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4hk%C3%BC-Hummogumaa" title="Lähkü-Hummogumaa – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Lähkü-Hummogumaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%B0eystur" title="Miðeystur – Kifaroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Miðeystur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Kifaroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moyen-Orient" title="Moyen-Orient – Kifaransa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Moyen-Orient" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Kifaransa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moyen-Oriant" title="Moyen-Oriant – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Moyen-Oriant" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midden-Easten" title="Midden-Easten – Kifrisia cha Magharibi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Midden-Easten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Kifrisia cha Magharibi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Me%C3%A1noirthear" title="An Meánoirthear – Kiayalandi" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Meánoirthear" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Kiayalandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortado%C4%9Fu" title="Ortadoğu – Kigagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Ortadoğu" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Kigagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1" title="中東 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="中東" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ear_Mheadhanach" title="An Ear Mheadhanach – Kigaeli cha Uskoti" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Ear Mheadhanach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Kigaeli cha Uskoti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriente_Medio" title="Oriente Medio – Kigalisi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Oriente Medio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Kigalisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarahyres%E1%BA%BD_Mbytegua" title="Kuarahyresẽ Mbytegua – Kiguarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuarahyresẽ Mbytegua" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Kiguarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83_%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌹𐍃 𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌹𐍃 𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabas_ta_Tsakiya" title="Gabas ta Tsakiya – Kihausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Gabas ta Tsakiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Kihausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9F" title="המזרח התיכון – Kiebrania" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המזרח התיכון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Kiebrania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="मध्य पूर्व – Kihindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मध्य पूर्व" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Kihindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Middle East" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srednji_istok" title="Srednji istok – Kikorasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Srednji istok" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kikorasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6zel-Kelet" title="Közel-Kelet – Kihungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Közel-Kelet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Kihungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A5%D5%AC%D6%84" title="Միջին Արևելք – Kiarmenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միջին Արևելք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Kiarmenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriente_Medie" title="Oriente Medie – Kiintalingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Oriente Medie" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Kiintalingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_Tengah" title="Timur Tengah – Kiindonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Timur Tengah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Kiindonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tengnga_a_Daya" title="Tengnga a Daya – Kiilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tengnga a Daya" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Kiilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Юкъера Малхбоале – Kiingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Юкъера Малхбоале" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Kiingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mez-Oriento" title="Mez-Oriento – Kiido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mez-Oriento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Kiido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%B0-Austurl%C3%B6nd" title="Mið-Austurlönd – Kiisilandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mið-Austurlönd" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Kiisilandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medio_Oriente" title="Medio Oriente – Kiitaliano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Medio Oriente" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Kiitaliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1" title="中東 – Kijapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中東" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Kijapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migl_Iis" title="Migl Iis – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Migl Iis" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A9tan_Tengah" title="Wétan Tengah – Kijava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wétan Tengah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Kijava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="შუა აღმოსავლეთი – Kijojia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შუა აღმოსავლეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Kijojia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asamar_alemmas" title="Asamar alemmas – Kikabylia" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Asamar alemmas" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kikabylia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moyen-Orient_t%C9%9Bt%CA%8B_wandamm" title="Moyen-Orient tɛtʋ wandamm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Moyen-Orient tɛtʋ wandamm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%8C%E1%9E%B6" title="មជ្ឈិមបូព៌ា – Kikambodia" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="មជ្ឈិមបូព៌ា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Kikambodia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಮಧ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾಚ್ಯ – Kikannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಧ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾಚ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kikannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%8F%99" title="중동 – Kikorea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중동" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Kikorea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%A7%D1%80%D3%A7%D1%82_%D0%90%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Шӧрӧт Асыввыв – Kikomi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Шӧрӧт Асыввыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Kikomi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Орта Кюнчыгъыш – Kikarachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Орта Кюнчыгъыш" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Kikarachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahe_Oste" title="Nahe Oste – Kicologne" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Nahe Oste" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Kicologne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rojhilata_Nav%C3%AEn" title="Rojhilata Navîn – Kikurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rojhilata Navîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kikurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est_Kres" title="Est Kres – Kikorni" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Est Kres" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kikorni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_occidentalis" title="Asia occidentalis – Kilatini" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Asia occidentalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Kilatini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medio_Oryente" title="Medio Oryente – Kiladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Medio Oryente" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Kiladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noen_Osten" title="Noen Osten – Kilasembagi" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Noen Osten" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Kilasembagi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midde-Ooste" title="Midde-Ooste – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Midde-Ooste" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Median" title="Orient Median – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Orient Median" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viduriniai_Rytai" title="Viduriniai Rytai – Kilithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Viduriniai Rytai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Kilithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvie_Austrumi" title="Tuvie Austrumi – Kilatvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tuvie Austrumi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Kilatvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8mor_Tengnga" title="Tèmor Tengnga – Kimadura" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Tèmor Tengnga" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Kimadura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atsinanana_Afovoany" title="Atsinanana Afovoany – Kimalagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Atsinanana Afovoany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Kimalagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waenganui_R%C4%81whiti" title="Waenganui Rāwhiti – Kimaori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Waenganui Rāwhiti" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Kimaori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_Tangah" title="Timur Tangah – Kiminangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Timur Tangah" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Kiminangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Среден Исток – Kimacedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Среден Исток" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Kimacedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="മധ്യപൂർവദേശം – Kimalayalamu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മധ്യപൂർവദേശം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Kimalayalamu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%80%D1%85_%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Ойрх Дорнод – Kimongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ойрх Дорнод" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Kimongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="मध्यपूर्व – Kimarathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मध्यपूर्व" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Kimarathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_Tengah" title="Timur Tengah – Kimalei" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Timur Tengah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Kimalei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9dio_Ouriente" title="Médio Ouriente – Kimirandi" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Médio Ouriente" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Kimirandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9E" title="အရှေ့အလယ်ပိုင်းဒေသ – Kiburma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အရှေ့အလယ်ပိုင်းဒေသ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Kiburma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="خاورمیونه – Kimazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="خاورمیونه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Kimazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelste_Oosten" title="Middelste Oosten – Kisaksoni" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Middelste Oosten" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Kisaksoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midden-Oosten" title="Midden-Oosten – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Midden-Oosten" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="मध्य पूर्व – Kinepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मध्य पूर्व" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Kinepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="मध्य पूर्व – Kinewari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मध्य पूर्व" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Kinewari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_Tengah" title="Timur Tengah – Kiniasi" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Timur Tengah" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Kiniasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midden-Oosten" title="Midden-Oosten – Kiholanzi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Midden-Oosten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Kiholanzi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midtausten" title="Midtausten – Kinorwe cha Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Midtausten" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Kinorwe cha Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midt%C3%B8sten" title="Midtøsten – Kinorwe cha Bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Midtøsten" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Kinorwe cha Bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ast_du_Mitan" title="Êst du Mitan – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Êst du Mitan" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Mejan" title="Orient Mejan – Kiokitani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Orient Mejan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Kiokitani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%C3%A6%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BA%C3%A6%D1%81%C3%A6%D0%BD" title="Астæуккаг Хурыскæсæн – Kiosetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Астæуккаг Хурыскæсæн" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Kiosetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A7_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC" title="ਮੱਧ ਪੂਰਬ – Kipunjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੱਧ ਪੂਰਬ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Kipunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalibudtang_Aslagan" title="Kalibudtang Aslagan – Kipampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kalibudtang Aslagan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Kipampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medio_Oriente" title="Medio Oriente – Kipapiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Medio Oriente" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Kipapiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Asya" title="West Asya – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="West Asya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azja_Przednia" title="Azja Przednia – Kipolandi" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Azja Przednia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Kipolandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vzin_Orient" title="Vzin Orient – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Vzin Orient" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%A7" title="مشرق وسطا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مشرق وسطا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%81%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%8A%DA%81" title="منځنی ختيځ – Kipashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="منځنی ختيځ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Kipashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9dio_Oriente" title="Médio Oriente – Kireno" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Médio Oriente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Kireno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientul_Mijlociu" title="Orientul Mijlociu – Kiromania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Orientul Mijlociu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Kiromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medie_Oriende" title="Medie Oriende – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Medie Oriende" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Средний Восток – Kirusi" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Средний Восток" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Kirusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%97%D0%B9_%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Середнїй Выход – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Середнїй Выход" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriente_M%C3%A8diu" title="Oriente Mèdiu – Kisardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Oriente Mèdiu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Kisardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediu_Urienti" title="Mediu Urienti – Kisicilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mediu Urienti" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Kisicilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East – Kiskoti" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Middle East" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Kiskoti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%80%D8%B1" title="وچ اوڀر – Kisindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وچ اوڀر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Kisindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaska-nuorti" title="Gaska-nuorti – Kisami cha Kaskazini" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Gaska-nuorti" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Kisami cha Kaskazini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srednji_istok" title="Srednji istok – Kiserbia-kroeshia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Srednji istok" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Kiserbia-kroeshia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agmu%E1%B8%8D_anammas" title="Agmuḍ anammas – Kitachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Agmuḍ anammas" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Kitachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%80%BD%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="ပွတ်းၵၢင်တၢင်းဢွၵ်ႇ – Kishan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပွတ်းၵၢင်တၢင်းဢွၵ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Kishan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%AF_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9C" title="මැද පෙරදිග – Kisinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මැද පෙරදිග" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Kisinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Middle East" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stredn%C3%BD_v%C3%BDchod" title="Stredný východ – Kislovakia" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Stredný východ" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Kislovakia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srednji_vzhod" title="Srednji vzhod – Kislovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Srednji vzhod" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Kislovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldanuortt%C3%A2" title="Aldanuorttâ – Kisami cha Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Aldanuorttâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Kisami cha Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East – Kishona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Middle East" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Kishona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bariga_Dhexe" title="Bariga Dhexe – Kisomali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bariga Dhexe" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Kisomali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindja_e_Mesme" title="Lindja e Mesme – Kialbania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lindja e Mesme" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Kialbania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%9A%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Средњи исток – Kiserbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Средњи исток" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Kiserbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botjhabela_Bohare" title="Botjhabela Bohare – Kisotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Botjhabela Bohare" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Kisotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nai_Aaste" title="Nai Aaste – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Nai Aaste" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A9tan_Tengah" title="Wétan Tengah – Kisunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Wétan Tengah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Kisunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellan%C3%B6stern" title="Mellanöstern – Kiswidi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mellanöstern" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Kiswidi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="மத்திய கிழக்கு – Kitamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மத்திய கிழக்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Kitamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="మధ్యప్రాచ్యం – Kitelugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మధ్యప్రాచ్యం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Kitelugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="ตะวันออกกลาง – Kithai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตะวันออกกลาง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Kithai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orta_G%C3%BCndogar" title="Orta Gündogar – Kiturukimeni" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Orta Gündogar" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Kiturukimeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitnang_Silangan" title="Gitnang Silangan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gitnang Silangan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orta_Do%C4%9Fu" title="Orta Doğu – Kituruki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Orta Doğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Kituruki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuxa-dyambu_bya_le_xikarhi" title="Vuxa-dyambu bya le xikarhi – Kitsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vuxa-dyambu bya le xikarhi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Kitsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Урта Көнчыгыш – Kitatari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Урта Көнчыгыш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Kitatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D3%9D%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Матысь Шунды ӝужан пал – Kiudmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Матысь Шунды ӝужан пал" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Kiudmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%AA%DB%87%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%B4%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%82" title="ئوتتۇرا شەرق – Kiuyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئوتتۇرا شەرق" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Kiuyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4" title="Середній Схід – Kiukraini" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Середній Схід" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Kiukraini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7%DB%8C" title="مشرق وسطی – Kiurdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مشرق وسطی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Kiurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%CA%BBrta_Sharq" title="Oʻrta Sharq – Kiuzbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oʻrta Sharq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Kiuzbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8dio_Oriente" title="Mèdio Oriente – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mèdio Oriente" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trung_%C4%90%C3%B4ng" title="Trung Đông – Kivietinamu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trung Đông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Kivietinamu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middn-%C3%94ostn" title="Middn-Ôostn – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Middn-Ôostn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AEtrin_Levant" title="Mîtrin Levant – Kiwaloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mîtrin Levant" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Kiwaloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butnga_Sinirangan" title="Butnga Sinirangan – Kiwaray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Butnga Sinirangan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Kiwaray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penku_gu_Diggu" title="Penku gu Diggu – Kiwolofu" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Penku gu Diggu" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Kiwolofu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C" title="中东 – Kichina cha Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="中东" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Kichina cha Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97" title="מיטל מזרח – Kiyiddi" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מיטל מזרח" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Kiyiddi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunghdungh_(Dieg)" title="Cunghdungh (Dieg) – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cunghdungh (Dieg)" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midden-O%C3%B4sten" title="Midden-Oôsten – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Midden-Oôsten" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%B9_%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99" title="ⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ – Kiberber Sanifu cha Moroko" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Kiberber Sanifu cha Moroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C" title="中东 – Kichina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="中东" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kichina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1" title="中東 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="中東" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiong-tang" title="Tiong-tang – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiong-tang" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1" title="中東 – Kikantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="中東" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kikantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7204#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Hariri viungo vya lugha zingine" class="wbc-editpage">Hariri viungo</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Maeneo ya wiki"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mashariki_ya_Kati" title="Onyesha kurasa zilizopo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Makala</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majadiliano:Mashariki_ya_Kati&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Mazungumzo kuhusu makala (bado haujaandikwa) 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zilizounganishwa na ukurasa huu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Viungo viungavyo ukurasa huu</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:RecentChangesLinked/Mashariki_ya_Kati" rel="nofollow" title="Mabadiliko ya karibuni ya katika kurasa zilizounganishwa na ukurasa huu [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Mabadiliko husika</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sw" title="Pakia picha, video, au sauti [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Pakia faili</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:KurasaMaalum" title="Orodha ya kurasa zote maalumu [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Kurasa maalumu</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&oldid=1033094" title="Kiungo cha daima cha kufikisha pitio hili la ukurasa"><span>Kiungo cha daima</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Maelezo ya ukurasa</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Taja&page=Mashariki_ya_Kati&id=1033094&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Taarifa juu ya njia ya kutaja ukurasa huu"><span>Taja ukurasa huu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMashariki_ya_Kati"><span>Pata URL iliyofupishwa</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMashariki_ya_Kati"><span>Pakua msimbo wa QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chapa/peleka nje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kusanya&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Mashariki+ya+Kati"><span>Tunga kitabu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:DownloadAsPdf&page=Mashariki_ya_Kati&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pakua kama PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&printable=yes" title="Toleo linalochapika la ukurasa huu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Ukurasa wa kuchapika</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Miradi mingine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Middle_East" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7204" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata kifungu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Zana za ukurasa"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Mandhari"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mandhari</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ficha</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sw" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:MapRegionMiddleEast%2BTurkey.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/MapRegionMiddleEast%2BTurkey.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="180" /></a><figcaption>Mashariki ya Kati pamoja na <a href="/wiki/Uturuki" title="Uturuki">Uturuki</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mashariki ya Kati</b> (kwa <a href="/wiki/Kiingereza" title="Kiingereza">Kiingereza</a> <i>Middle East</i>) ni namna ya kutaja sehemu kubwa ya <a href="/wiki/Asia_ya_Magharibi" title="Asia ya Magharibi">Asia ya Magharibi</a> pamoja na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrika_ya_kaskazini-mashariki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrika ya kaskazini-mashariki (bado haujaandikwa)">Afrika ya kaskazini-mashariki</a>, hasa <a href="/wiki/Misri" title="Misri">Misri</a>. </p><p>Kwa kawaida nchi zifuatazo huhesabiwa humo: </p> <ul><li>Nchi za <a href="/wiki/Bara_Arabu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bara Arabu">Bara Arabu</a>, zikiwa pamoja na <a href="/wiki/Saudia" title="Saudia">Saudia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Falme_za_Kiarabu" title="Falme za Kiarabu">Falme za Kiarabu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katar" class="mw-redirect" title="Katar">Katar</a> na <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>,</li> <li>Nchi za <b><a href="/wiki/Shamu" title="Shamu">Shamu</a> ya kihistoria</b>, zikiwa pamoja na <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> na <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yordani" title="Yordani">Yordani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uajemi" title="Uajemi">Uajemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uturuki" title="Uturuki">Uturuki</a></li> <li>Misri (ambayo iko upande wa <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> isipokuwa <a href="/wiki/Rasi_ya_Sinai" title="Rasi ya Sinai">rasi ya Sinai</a>)</li></ul> <p>Nchi hizo zinatajwa pamoja kwa sababu zina <a href="/wiki/Historia" title="Historia">historia</a> ya pamoja na <a href="/wiki/Utamaduni" title="Utamaduni">utamaduni</a> wa karibu. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Matatizo_ya_jina_hili">Matatizo ya jina hili</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Hariri sehemu: Matatizo ya jina hili" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Matatizo ya jina hili"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jina "Mashariki ya Kati" limesambazwa kutokana na kawaida ya <a href="/wiki/Kiingereza" title="Kiingereza">Kiingereza</a> na kutafsiriwa katika <a href="/wiki/Lugha" title="Lugha">lugha</a> mbalimbali. Lina matatizo kadhaa yanayotakiwa kujulikana hata tukiendelea kulitumia: </p> <ul><li>kuna namna mbalimbali za kutaja nchi za ziada zinazohesabiwa humo au la (kwa mfano: wengine huhesabu pia nchi za <a href="/wiki/Asia_ya_Kati" title="Asia ya Kati">Asia ya Kati</a> kama vile <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> n.k.)</li> <li>jina ni tamko la Kiulaya: nchi hizi ziko upande wa <a href="/wiki/Mashariki" title="Mashariki">mashariki</a> kwa mtu aliyeko <a href="/wiki/Ulaya" title="Ulaya">Ulaya</a>. Kutoka Uswahilini ingekuwa zaidi "Kaskazini ya Kati"</li> <li>matumizi ya jina yamebadilika: zamani Kiingereza pamoja na lugha nyingine za Ulaya kilitofautisha kati ya <ul><li>"Mashariki ya Karibu" <i>(Near East)</i>,</li> <li>"Mashariki ya Kati" <i>(Middle East)</i> na</li> <li>"Mashariki ya Mbali" <i>(Far East)</i></li></ul></li></ul> <p>kikimaanisha </p> <ul><li><ul><li>a) nchi za <a href="/wiki/Bara_Arabu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bara Arabu">Bara Arabu</a> na jirani;</li> <li>b) nchi za <a href="/wiki/Uhindi" title="Uhindi">Uhindi</a> na jirani</li> <li>c) nchi za <a href="/wiki/Asia_ya_Mashariki" title="Asia ya Mashariki">Asia ya Mashariki</a> kama <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-redirect" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japani" title="Japani">Japani</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Lugha mbalimbali za Ulaya Bara kama <a href="/wiki/Kijerumani" title="Kijerumani">Kijerumani</a> zinaendelea kutumia majina hayo matatu vile. Pia wataalamu wa <a href="/wiki/Historia" title="Historia">historia</a> kwa Kiingereza hupendelea kutofautisha kati ya "Mashariki ya Karibu" na "Mashariki ya Kati". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia_ya_Mashariki_ya_Kati">Historia ya Mashariki ya Kati</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Hariri sehemu: Historia ya Mashariki ya Kati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Historia ya Mashariki ya Kati"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kitovu_cha_ustaarabu">Kitovu cha ustaarabu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Hariri sehemu: Kitovu cha ustaarabu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Kitovu cha ustaarabu"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Jerusalem_kotel_mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Jerusalem_kotel_mosque.jpg/250px-Jerusalem_kotel_mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Jerusalem_kotel_mosque.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption>Ukuta wa maombolezo na Kuba ya Mwamba mjini Yerusalemu ni mahali patakatifu wa Wayahudi na Waislamu kandokando</figcaption></figure> <p>Nchi zinazoitwa kwa Kiingereza "Mashariki ya Kati" ziko kwenye eneo la <a href="/wiki/Dunia" title="Dunia">dunia</a> ambako watu na tamaduni za <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> na <a href="/wiki/Ulaya" title="Ulaya">Ulaya</a> hukutana. </p><p>Ni pia mahali ambako <a href="/wiki/Bahari_Hindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahari Hindi">Bahari Hindi</a> na <a href="/wiki/Mediteranea" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediteranea">Mediteranea</a> zinakaribiana ambazo zote mbili zilikuwa njia za <a href="/wiki/Usafiri" title="Usafiri">usafiri</a> wa mbali tangu kale. </p><p>Pamoja na mahali pa kubadilishana <a href="/wiki/Bidhaa" title="Bidhaa">bidhaa</a> na <a href="/wiki/Teknolojia" title="Teknolojia">teknolojia</a>, eneo hili lilikutanisha pia mawazo, <a href="/wiki/Falsafa" title="Falsafa">falsafa</a> na <a href="/wiki/Dini" title="Dini">dini</a>. Hadi leo Mashariki ya Kati ni <a href="/wiki/Kitovu" title="Kitovu">kitovu</a> cha kiroho cha dini za <a href="/wiki/Uzoroasta" title="Uzoroasta">Uzoroasta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uyahudi" title="Uyahudi">Uyahudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukristo" title="Ukristo">Ukristo</a> na <a href="/wiki/Uislamu" title="Uislamu">Uislamu</a>. </p><p>Idadi kubwa ya aina za kwanza za <a href="/wiki/Ustaarabu" title="Ustaarabu">ustaarabu</a> duniani zilianza hapa kama vile <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sumeri" title="Sumeri">Sumeri</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akkad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akkad (bado haujaandikwa)">Akkad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assyria" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyria">Assyria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babeli" title="Babeli">Babeli</a>) na <a href="/wiki/Misri_ya_Kale" title="Misri ya Kale">Misri ya Kale</a>, zikifuatwa na zile za <a href="/wiki/Uajemi" title="Uajemi">Uajemi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ugiriki_wa_Kale" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugiriki wa Kale">Ugiriki wa Kale</a>, Israeli ya Kale, <a href="/wiki/Finisia" title="Finisia">Finisia</a> na nyingine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muhtasari_wa_historia_ya_utawala">Muhtasari wa historia ya utawala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Hariri sehemu: Muhtasari wa historia ya utawala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Muhtasari wa historia ya utawala"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eneo lote liliunganishwa mara ya kwanza chini ya <a href="/wiki/Milki_ya_Ashuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Milki ya Ashuru">Milki ya Ashuru</a>, halafu na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milki_ya_pili_ya_Babeli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milki ya pili ya Babeli (bado haujaandikwa)">milki ya pili ya Babeli</a> iliyofuatwa na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milki_ya_Uajemi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milki ya Uajemi (bado haujaandikwa)">milki ya Uajemi</a> na utawala wa <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Mkuu" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksander Mkuu">Aleksander Mkuu</a>. </p><p>Baadaye eneo liligawiwa hasa kati ya milki mbalimbali za Uajemi na <a href="/wiki/Dola_la_Roma" title="Dola la Roma">Dola la Roma</a> hadi uenezi wa <a href="/wiki/Waarabu" title="Waarabu">Waarabu</a> Waislamu na kuundwa kwa milki ya <a href="/wiki/Khalifa" title="Khalifa">khalifa</a>. </p><p>Tangu mwaka <a href="/wiki/1512" title="1512">1512</a> Mashariki ya Kati karibu yote ilikuwa chini ya utawala wa <a href="/wiki/Milki_ya_Osmani" title="Milki ya Osmani">Milki ya Osmani</a> hadi <a href="/wiki/Vita_Kuu_ya_Kwanza_ya_Dunia" title="Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia">Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ugawaji_wa_Milki_ya_Osmani">Ugawaji wa Milki ya Osmani</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Hariri sehemu: Ugawaji wa Milki ya Osmani" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Ugawaji wa Milki ya Osmani"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mashariki ya Kati ya kisasa ilianza kutokea baada ya <a href="/wiki/Vita" title="Vita">vita</a> hiyo. <a href="/wiki/Ufaransa" title="Ufaransa">Ufaransa</a> na <a href="/wiki/Ufalme_wa_Maungano" class="mw-redirect" title="Ufalme wa Maungano">Ufalme wa Maungano</a> zilishinda Milki ya Osmani zikagawana maeneo yake ya nje ya Uturuki. Ugawaji huu ulithibitishwa na <a href="/wiki/Shirikisho_la_Mataifa" title="Shirikisho la Mataifa">Shirikisho la Mataifa</a>, hivyo maeneo ya <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanoni" title="Lebanoni">Lebanoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a> (baadaye <a href="/wiki/Israeli" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli">Israeli</a> na <a href="/wiki/Yordani" title="Yordani">Yordani</a>) na <a href="/wiki/Iraki" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraki">Iraki</a> yalikabidhiwa kwa nchi hizo mbili za Ulaya kama <a href="/wiki/Maeneo_ya_kudhaminiwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Maeneo ya kudhaminiwa">maeneo ya kudhaminiwa</a> kwa masharti ya kuyaandaa maeneo haya kuwa <a href="/wiki/Nchi_huru" title="Nchi huru">nchi huru</a> baadaye. </p><p>Maeneo kadhaa kwenye <a href="/wiki/Rasi" title="Rasi">rasi</a> ya Uarabuni yalibaki huru baada ya kuondoka kwa <a href="/wiki/Jeshi" title="Jeshi">jeshi</a> la Osmani hadi mwaka <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chifu" title="Chifu">Chifu</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Saud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Saud (bado haujaandikwa)">Ibn Saud</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Riyad" title="Riyad">Riyad</a> alishinda vita baina ya makabila ya Uarabuni ya kati akaweza kuvamia na kutawala maeneo ya <a href="/wiki/Najd" title="Najd">Najd</a> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hejaz (bado haujaandikwa)">Hejaz</a> na mwaka <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a> alitangaza <a href="/wiki/Ufalme_wa_Uarabuni_wa_Saudia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ufalme wa Uarabuni wa Saudia">Ufalme wa Uarabuni wa Saudia</a></li> <li>Katika <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imamu_Yahya_Muhamad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imamu Yahya Muhamad (bado haujaandikwa)">Imamu Yahya Muhamad</a> wa kundi la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaidiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaidiya (bado haujaandikwa)">Zaidiya</a> alivamia <a href="/wiki/Wilaya" title="Wilaya">velayat</a> ya Yemen ya Kiosmani na kutangaza <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ufalme_wa_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ufalme wa Yemen (bado haujaandikwa)">Ufalme wa Yemen</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Uhuru" title="Uhuru">Uhuru</a> ulifika kwa ngazi mbalimbali na tofauti kwa kila nchi. </p><p><b>Maeneo ya kudhaminiwa kwa Uingereza</b>: </p> <ul><li>Iraki ilikubaliwa kuwa mwanachama wa Shirikisho la Mataifa mwaka 1932 ingawa hali halisi ilikuwa <a href="/wiki/Nchi_lindwa" title="Nchi lindwa">nchi lindwa</a> chini ya athira ya Uingereza hadi mwaka <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>.</li> <li>Palestina ng'ambo ya <a href="/wiki/Mto_Yordani" class="mw-redirect" title="Mto Yordani">mto Yordani</a> (Transjordan) ilipata <a href="/wiki/Serikali" title="Serikali">serikali</a> ya kujitawala kama nchi lindwa chini ya Uingereza tangu mwaka <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a>, halafu uhuru kamili mwaka 1946 kwa jina la Transjordani, halafu Yordani tu</li> <li>Israeli ilikubaliwa na <a href="/wiki/Umoja_wa_Mataifa" title="Umoja wa Mataifa">Umoja wa Mataifa</a> kuwa nchi huru mwaka <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a>.</li> <li>Azimio lilelile lililenga kuanzisha pia <a href="/wiki/Dola" title="Dola">dola</a> la Kiarabu la Palestina lakini, kutokana na vita iliyoanza mara moja, hii haikutokea, maeneo yaliyotarajiwa kuwa Palestina yalivamiwa na Israeli, Yordani na <a href="/wiki/Misri" title="Misri">Misri</a>. Tangu mwaka <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a> kuna <a href="/wiki/Mamlaka_ya_Kitaifa_ya_Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamlaka ya Kitaifa ya Palestina">Mamlaka ya Kitaifa ya Palestina</a> yenye viwango tofauti vya utawala juu ya sehemu za maeneo ya Palestina asilia zilizo chini ya usimamizi wa kijeshi wa Israel.</li></ul> <p><b>Maeneo ya kudhaminiwa kwa Ufaransa</b>: </p> <ul><li>Lebanoni ilitangaza uhuru wake mwaka <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a> wakati Ufaransa ulikuwa chini ya Ujerumani wakati wa <a href="/wiki/Vita_Kuu_ya_Pili_ya_Dunia" title="Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia">Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia</a>.</li> <li>Syria ilikuwa huru mwaka <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maeneo_mengine_baada_ya_Vita_Kuu_ya_Kwanza">Maeneo mengine baada ya Vita Kuu ya Kwanza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Hariri sehemu: Maeneo mengine baada ya Vita Kuu ya Kwanza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Maeneo mengine baada ya Vita Kuu ya Kwanza"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Katika nchi kadhaa zilizokuwa nje ya Milki ya Osmani Uingereza ilikuwa na athira kubwa na hali halisi nchi hizo zilikuwa nchi lindwa kabla na baada ya Vita Kuu ya Kwanza </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Misri" title="Misri">Misri</a> ilikuwa rasmi sehemu ya Milki ya Osmani lakini hali halisi ilisimamiwa na Uingereza hasa kwa shabaha ya kusimamia <a href="/wiki/Mfereji_wa_Suez" title="Mfereji wa Suez">mfereji wa Suez</a>. Mwaka <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a> ilitangazwa kuwa nchi lindwa chini ya Uingereza; tangazo la uhuru la mwaka <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a> bado liliacha athira kubwa kwa Uingereza. Tangu mwaka <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a> Misri imepata uhuru kamili, na tangu hapo ilitawala pia mfereji wa Suez.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani" title="Omani">Omani</a> ilikuwa eneo lililogawiwa kati ya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultani_wa_Maskat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultani wa Maskat (bado haujaandikwa)">Sultani wa Maskat</a> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imamu_wa_Ibadiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imamu wa Ibadiya (bado haujaandikwa)">Imamu wa Ibadiya</a> mnamo <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>. Maskat ilikubali kuwa eneo lindwa chini ya Uingereza ikapata msaada wa jeshi la Uingereza dhidi ya Saudia na baadaye kuvamia na kutawala pia maeneo ya <a href="/wiki/Imamu" title="Imamu">imamu</a> mwaka <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a>. Mkataba wa mwaka <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a> ulitangaza uhuru wa Omani, lakini hali halisi athira ya Uingereza ulikuwa na nguvu hadi <a href="/wiki/Miaka_ya_1990" title="Miaka ya 1990">miaka ya 1990</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> ilikuwa nchi lindwa chini ya Uingereza tangu mwaka <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a> na Waingereza walitetea hali yake ya pekee dhidi ya <a href="/wiki/Waosmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Waosmani">Waosmani</a> na baadaye dhidi ya Saudia. Ilipata uhuru mwaka <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>.</li> <li>Maeneo ya <a href="/wiki/Falme_za_Kiarabu" title="Falme za Kiarabu">Falme za Kiarabu</a> pamoja na <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> na <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> yalikuwa nyumbani kwa <a href="/wiki/Kabila" title="Kabila">makabila</a> madogo na chifu zao. Tangu mwaka <a href="/wiki/1820" title="1820">1820</a> walikuwa na mikataba na Uingereza walipoahidi kuachana na <a href="/wiki/Uharamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Uharamia">uharamia</a> na kupokea ulinzi wa Uingereza. Ulinzi huu ulizuia <a href="/wiki/Uvamizi" title="Uvamizi">uvamizi</a> wa Saudia katika <a href="/wiki/Karne_ya_20" title="Karne ya 20">karne ya 20</a>. Tangu mwaka <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a> madola hayo madogo yalipata uhuru. Saba kati yake yaliungana kuwa Falme za Kiarabu.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ugunduzi_wa_mafuta">Ugunduzi wa mafuta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Hariri sehemu: Ugunduzi wa mafuta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Ugunduzi wa mafuta"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Dammam_No._7_on_March_4,_1938.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Dammam_No._7_on_March_4%2C_1938.jpg/250px-Dammam_No._7_on_March_4%2C_1938.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Dammam_No._7_on_March_4%2C_1938.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Mafuta ya petroli jinsi ilivyotoka nje kwa nguvu mara ya kwanza 4 Machi 1938 nchini Saudia</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:BrennendeOelquellenKuwait1991.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/BrennendeOelquellenKuwait1991.jpg/250px-BrennendeOelquellenKuwait1991.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/BrennendeOelquellenKuwait1991.jpg/375px-BrennendeOelquellenKuwait1991.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/BrennendeOelquellenKuwait1991.jpg/500px-BrennendeOelquellenKuwait1991.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption>Chemchemi za mafuta ziliwaka katika vita ya Iraq dhidi Kuwait 1991</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Tankers_at_the_Iraqi_Al_Basra_Oil_Terminal_in_the_Northern_Arabian_Gulf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Tankers_at_the_Iraqi_Al_Basra_Oil_Terminal_in_the_Northern_Arabian_Gulf.jpg/250px-Tankers_at_the_Iraqi_Al_Basra_Oil_Terminal_in_the_Northern_Arabian_Gulf.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Tankers_at_the_Iraqi_Al_Basra_Oil_Terminal_in_the_Northern_Arabian_Gulf.jpg/375px-Tankers_at_the_Iraqi_Al_Basra_Oil_Terminal_in_the_Northern_Arabian_Gulf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Tankers_at_the_Iraqi_Al_Basra_Oil_Terminal_in_the_Northern_Arabian_Gulf.jpg/500px-Tankers_at_the_Iraqi_Al_Basra_Oil_Terminal_in_the_Northern_Arabian_Gulf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Meli za kubeba mafuta ni kama mshipa wa damu ya uchuimi wa dunia (hapa bandari ya mafuta ya Basra, Iraq)</figcaption></figure> <p>Hadi Vita Kuu ya Kwanza mataifa yote katika eneo la Ghuba ya Uajemi yalikuwa dhaifu, bila <a href="/wiki/Uchumi" title="Uchumi">uchumi</a> imara na bila uwezo wa kijeshi. Hasa upande wa Uarabuni watawala wadogo walisimamia miji michache kwenye pwani tu na sehemu kubwa ya watu waliishi katika utaratibu wa kikabila bila kujali serikali. </p><p>Kugunduliwa mafuta kulibadilisha hali hii katika miaka baada ya vita. <a href="/wiki/Mafuta_ya_petroli" title="Mafuta ya petroli">Mafuta ya petroli</a> yaligunduliwa mwaka <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a> katika Iran kusini na serikali ya Uingereza ilinunua mara moja <a href="/wiki/Hisa" title="Hisa">hisa</a> nyingi za kampuni ya Anglo-Persian Oil iliyokuwa na <a href="/wiki/Mkataba" title="Mkataba">mkataba</a> wa kuzalisha mafuta huko. </p><p>Vita kuu ya kwanza ya dunia ilionyesha kwa mara ya kwanza umuhimu wa kijeshi ya mafuta.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Mafuta yalibadilisha umuhimu wa Mashariki ya Kati. Mafuta ya petroli yaliendelea kuwa <a href="/wiki/Chanzo" title="Chanzo">chanzo</a> muhimu zaidi cha <a href="/wiki/Nishati" title="Nishati">nishati</a> katika <a href="/wiki/Uchumi" title="Uchumi">uchumi</a> wa dunia ya kisasa. Kwa hiyo mataifa na makumpuni makubwa yalianza kuangalia hali ya kisasa ya nchi zenye mafuta. Yalijaribu kuhakikisha ya kwamba wawepo watawala na serikali ambao wawape nafasi nzuri na nafuu ya kupata mafuta kutoka ardhi yao. Vilevile yalijaribu kuzuia nchi nyingine kuingia huko. </p><p>Mashindano hayo yaliweka msingi kwa siasa ya nchi hizo za Kiarabu, ambazo zote zilikuwa na watu wachache lakini mafuta mengi, kuwa chini ya athira za nje ilhali mataifa makubwa yalihakikisha kuwepo kwao na mapato makubwa kwa watawala, hivyo pia kuwalinda dhidi ya mabadiliko ya kisiasa na kimapinduzi yaliyoonekana katika nchi nyingine za Mashariki ya Kati zisizo na utajiri wa mafuta. </p><p>Nchi ya kwanza iliyopata nafasi ilikuwa Uingereza ikifuatwa na Marekani. Mwaka <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a> kampuni ya Standard Oil ya <a href="/wiki/Kalifornia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalifornia">Kalifornia</a> ikakuta mafuta huko Bahrain ikaendelea kujipatia <a href="/wiki/Leseni" title="Leseni">leseni</a> ya kuyatafuta pia Saudia wakafaulu mwaka <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a>. </p><p>Utajiri haukuanza kote mara moja; Uajemi (Iran) ilikuwa nchi kubwa ikapata asilimia ndogo ya mapato ya mafuta kufuatana na mikataba ya zamani; upande wa Uarabuni ilichukua muda hadi chemchemi kubwa za mafuta zilipatikana na kuzalisha kwa wingi. Bahrain ilitangulia, Kuwait ilifuata tangu mwaka <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a> hivi, lakini Omani na Falme za Kiarabu zilianza kuzalisha kwa wingi katika <a href="/wiki/Miaka_ya_1970" title="Miaka ya 1970">miaka ya 1970</a> pekee. </p><p>Mwanzoni uchumi wa mafuta ulikuwa kabisa mikononi mwa makampuni ya nje kwa sababu wenyeji hawakuwa na elimu ya teknolojia na watawala walikosa mapato mengine, hivyo walikubali masharti yoyote. Tangu <a href="/wiki/Miaka_ya_1960" title="Miaka ya 1960">miaka ya 1960</a> polepole asilimia ya mapato iliyobaki mikononi mwa serikali iliongezeka, pia zilianza kununua hisa za makampuni yaliyozalisha mafuta katika ardhi yao. </p><p>Hadi <a href="/wiki/Miaka_ya_1990" title="Miaka ya 1990">miaka ya 1990</a> serikali za nchi za ghuba zilikuwa na hisa nyingi katika makampuni haya yaliyokuwa sasa <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">mali</a> ya <a href="/wiki/Taifa" title="Taifa">taifa</a> au ya <a href="/wiki/Familia" title="Familia">familia</a> tajiri za wenyeji. </p><p>Mapato kutokana na mafuta yalianza kubadilisha <a href="/wiki/Maisha" title="Maisha">maisha</a> na <a href="/wiki/Jamii" title="Jamii">jamii</a> za nchi zote zinazouza mafuta kwenye <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soko_la_dunia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soko la dunia (bado haujaandikwa)">soko la dunia</a>. Hasa watawala wa nchi ndogo walikuwa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matajiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matajiri (bado haujaandikwa)">matajiri</a> kupita kiasi, wakaweza kuendelea na mfumo wa utawala wa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mfalme_asiyebanwa_na_katiba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mfalme asiyebanwa na katiba (bado haujaandikwa)">mfalme asiyebanwa na katiba</a> kwa muda mrefu kwa sababu waliweza kuwagawia wananchi wao sehemu za <a href="/wiki/Utajiri" title="Utajiri">utajiri</a> wa mafuta. </p><p>Wakati wa <a href="/wiki/Vita_baridi" title="Vita baridi">vita baridi</a> mashindano kati ya magharibi na <a href="/wiki/Umoja_wa_Kisovyeti" title="Umoja wa Kisovyeti">Umoja wa Kisovyeti</a> yaliendeshwa vikali katika Mashariki ya Kati. Serikali mbalimbali zilichezacheza kati ya pande hizo mbili. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wakazi">Wakazi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Hariri sehemu: Wakazi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Wakazi"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leo hii wakazi wa Mashariki ya kati mara nyingi wanatazamwa kwa jumla kuwa "Waarabu". Hii ni kweli kwa kiasi tu kwa sababu mbili </p> <ul><li>Nchi kadhaa kama Uturuki, Iran na Israel zina wakazi Waarabu wachache tu</li> <li>Kwa jumla eneo hili ni mchanganyiko mkubwa wa makabila mengi na vikundi vingi vyenye lugha, tamaduni na dini tofautitofauti, wakiwemo wahamiaji wengi sana, pengine kuliko wananchi wenyewe.</li></ul> <p>Ni kweli kwamba idadi kubwa ya wakazi leo hii wanatumia lugha ya Kiarabu. Lugha muhimu katika eneo hili ni: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiarabu" title="Kiarabu">Kiarabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kifarsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kifarsi">Kifarsi</a> (pamoja na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lugha_za_Kiirani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lugha za Kiirani (bado haujaandikwa)">lugha za Kiirani</a> mbalimbali)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kituruki" title="Kituruki">Kituruki</a> (pamoja na <a href="/wiki/Lugha_za_Kiturki" title="Lugha za Kiturki">lugha za Kiturki</a> mbalimbali)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiberber" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiberber">Kiberber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kikurdi" title="Kikurdi">Kikurdi</a></li></ul> <p>pamoja na lugha nyingine mbalimbali kama <a href="/wiki/Kiebrania" title="Kiebrania">Kiebrania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiaramu" title="Kiaramu">Kiaramu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiarmenia" title="Kiarmenia">Kiarmenia</a> na lugha asili za wahamiaji. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Picha_za_Miji_ya_MAshariki_ya_Kati">Picha za Miji ya MAshariki ya Kati</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Hariri sehemu: Picha za Miji ya MAshariki ya Kati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Picha za Miji ya MAshariki ya Kati"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; 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height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Panorama_of_Tabriz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tabriz - Iran"><img alt="Tabriz - Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Panorama_of_Tabriz.jpg/120px-Panorama_of_Tabriz.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Panorama_of_Tabriz.jpg/180px-Panorama_of_Tabriz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Panorama_of_Tabriz.jpg/240px-Panorama_of_Tabriz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a> - Iran </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:North_Tehran_Towers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tehran - Iran"><img alt="Tehran - Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/North_Tehran_Towers.jpg/120px-North_Tehran_Towers.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/North_Tehran_Towers.jpg/180px-North_Tehran_Towers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/North_Tehran_Towers.jpg/240px-North_Tehran_Towers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3238" data-file-height="2432" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> - Iran</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Tel_Aviv_P5280003.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tel Aviv - Israel"><img alt="Tel Aviv - Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Tel_Aviv_P5280003.JPG/120px-Tel_Aviv_P5280003.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Tel_Aviv_P5280003.JPG/180px-Tel_Aviv_P5280003.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Tel_Aviv_P5280003.JPG/240px-Tel_Aviv_P5280003.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1710" data-file-height="1683" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> - Israel</div> </li> </ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tanbihi">Tanbihi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Hariri sehemu: Tanbihi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Tanbihi"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Uingereza ulitafuta chanzo cha mafuta kisichotawaliwa na mataifa makubwa mengine, maana ulitaka kubadilisha <a href="/wiki/Manowari" title="Manowari">manowari</a> zake kutoka matumizi ya <a href="/wiki/Makaa" title="Makaa">makaa</a> kwenda mafuta, kwa sababu hii iliwapa nafasi ya kusafiri mbali zaidi. Mafuta ya Iran yalikuwa chanzo cha badiliko hilo</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viungo_vya_nje">Viungo vya nje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Hariri sehemu: Viungo vya nje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Viungo vya nje"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="WikiMedia Commons"><img alt="WikiMedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/75px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/100px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>WikiMedia Commons</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> ina media kuhusu: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Middle_East?uselang=sw">Mashariki ya Kati</a></b></i></div> </div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <table style="font-size:90%; width: 65%; padding: 3px; margin: 0 auto;" class="toccolours"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Sciences_de_la_terre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Sciences_de_la_terre.svg/40px-Sciences_de_la_terre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Sciences_de_la_terre.svg/60px-Sciences_de_la_terre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Sciences_de_la_terre.svg/80px-Sciences_de_la_terre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span> </td> <td>Makala hii kuhusu eneo fulani bado ni <b>mbegu</b>. <br /> Je unajua kitu kuhusu eneo hilo kama historia yake, biashara, taasisi zilizopo, watu au utamaduni? <br />Je, unaona habari katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? <br />Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa <a class="external text" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?stub&title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&action=edit">kuihariri na kuiongezea habari</a><i>.</i> <p><br /><i>Usitaje majina ya madiwani na viongozi au maafisa wengine wa sasa maana wanabadilika haraka mno.</i> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Rudishwa kutoka "<a dir="ltr" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&oldid=1033094">https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mashariki_ya_Kati&oldid=1033094</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Jamii" title="Maalum:Jamii">Jamii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Mbegu_za_jiografia" title="Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia">Mbegu za jiografia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Mashariki_ya_Kati" title="Jamii:Mashariki ya Kati">Mashariki ya Kati</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Jiografia" title="Jamii:Jiografia">Jiografia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Asia" title="Jamii:Asia">Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Maeneo_ya_Biblia" title="Jamii:Maeneo ya Biblia">Maeneo ya Biblia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ukurasa huu umebadilishwa kwa mara ya mwisho tarehe 27 Mei 2018, saa 03:17.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Maandishi yanapatikana chini ya leseni ya <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; matakwa mengine yanaweza kutakiwa. 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