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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Medicinal Plants</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">98,695 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Medicinal Plants</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Medicinal_Plants">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31966396" data-work_id="31966396" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31966396/Scilla_maderensis_TLC_screening_and_positive_inotropic_effect_of_bulb_extracts">Scilla maderensis, TLC screening and positive inotropic effect of bulb extracts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Scilla maderensis Menezes (Hyacinthaceae) is endemic to the Portuguese Archipelago of Madeira. The taxonomic proximity between Scilla L. and Urginea Steinh. genus, and also the knowledge that bulbs of Urginea maritima (L.) Baker (Scilla... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31966396" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Scilla maderensis Menezes (Hyacinthaceae) is endemic to the Portuguese Archipelago of Madeira. The taxonomic proximity between Scilla L. and Urginea Steinh. genus, and also the knowledge that bulbs of Urginea maritima (L.) Baker (Scilla maritima L.) contain cardiac glycosides of the bufadienolide type, led us to a phytochemical and pharmacological study of S. maderensis. Extracts obtained from the bulbs were screened by TLC and tested in the isolated frog heart preparation. The TLC screening revealed spots with colours and R f values similar to those obtained for proscillaridin and scillaren A. In the frog heart preparation the extracts showed a positive inotropic effect and toxic doses induced the arrest of the heartbeat in systole. We can conclude that the bulbs of S. maderensis contain substances exerting pharmacological effects on the heart.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31966396" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e129b865933c498c23913e2cbe588dbb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52240372,"asset_id":31966396,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52240372/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33372142" href="https://fful.academia.edu/CatarinaDias">Catarina Dias</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33372142" type="text/json">{"id":33372142,"first_name":"Catarina","last_name":"Dias","domain_name":"fful","page_name":"CatarinaDias","display_name":"Catarina Dias","profile_url":"https://fful.academia.edu/CatarinaDias?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31966396 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31966396"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31966396, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31966396", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31966396]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31966396").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31966396").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31966396"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="140" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="140" type="text/json">{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4083" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14032" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology">Ethnopharmacology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14032" type="text/json">{"id":14032,"name":"Ethnopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31966396]'), work: {"id":31966396,"title":"Scilla maderensis, TLC screening and positive inotropic effect of bulb extracts","created_at":"2017-03-21T10:16:05.564-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31966396/Scilla_maderensis_TLC_screening_and_positive_inotropic_effect_of_bulb_extracts?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_31966396","summary":"Scilla maderensis Menezes (Hyacinthaceae) is endemic to the Portuguese Archipelago of Madeira. The taxonomic proximity between Scilla L. and Urginea Steinh. genus, and also the knowledge that bulbs of Urginea maritima (L.) Baker (Scilla maritima L.) contain cardiac glycosides of the bufadienolide type, led us to a phytochemical and pharmacological study of S. maderensis. Extracts obtained from the bulbs were screened by TLC and tested in the isolated frog heart preparation. The TLC screening revealed spots with colours and R f values similar to those obtained for proscillaridin and scillaren A. In the frog heart preparation the extracts showed a positive inotropic effect and toxic doses induced the arrest of the heartbeat in systole. We can conclude that the bulbs of S. maderensis contain substances exerting pharmacological effects on the heart.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52240372,"asset_id":31966396,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33372142,"first_name":"Catarina","last_name":"Dias","domain_name":"fful","page_name":"CatarinaDias","display_name":"Catarina Dias","profile_url":"https://fful.academia.edu/CatarinaDias?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":14032,"name":"Ethnopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":14080,"name":"Pharmacognosy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacognosy?f_ri=15019"},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019"},{"id":44510,"name":"Portugal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugal?f_ri=15019"},{"id":59370,"name":"In Vitro","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/In_Vitro?f_ri=15019"},{"id":131495,"name":"Heart","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart?f_ri=15019"},{"id":219827,"name":"Endemic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endemic?f_ri=15019"},{"id":309895,"name":"Isolation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Isolation?f_ri=15019"},{"id":312834,"name":"Cardiovascular system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_system?f_ri=15019"},{"id":354056,"name":"Plant extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts?f_ri=15019"},{"id":783432,"name":"Biological activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_activity?f_ri=15019"},{"id":789968,"name":"Extract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extract?f_ri=15019"},{"id":880186,"name":"Vulnerable","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vulnerable?f_ri=15019"},{"id":888739,"name":"Quntitative Thin Layer Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quntitative_Thin_Layer_Chromatography?f_ri=15019"},{"id":971822,"name":"Active Ingredient","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Active_Ingredient?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12361859" data-work_id="12361859" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12361859/Epilepsy_in_the_Renaissance_A_survey_of_remedies_from_16th_and_17th_century_German_herbals">Epilepsy in the Renaissance: A survey of remedies from 16th and 17th century German herbals</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ethnopharmacological relevance: Before modern anticonvulsive drugs were developed people in central Europe used herbal remedies to treat epilepsy. Hundreds of different plants for this indication can be found in German herbals of the 16th... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12361859" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ethnopharmacological relevance: Before modern anticonvulsive drugs were developed people in central Europe used herbal remedies to treat epilepsy. Hundreds of different plants for this indication can be found in German herbals of the 16th and 17th centuries. Here we compile these plants and discuss their use from a pharmacological perspective. Materials and methods: Nine of the most important European herbals of the 16th and 17th century including Bock (1577), Fuchs (1543), Mattioli (1590), Lonicerus (1660, 1770), Brunfels (1532), Zwinger (1696), and Tabernaemontanus (1591, 1678) were searched for terms related to epilepsy, and plants and recipes described for its treatment were documented. We then searched scientific literature for pharmacological evidence of their effectiveness. Additionally the overlapping of these remedies with those in De Materia Medica by the Greek physician Dioscorides was studied. Results: Two hundred twenty one plants were identified in the herbals to be used in the context of epilepsy. In vitro and/or in vivo pharmacological data somehow related to the indication epilepsy was found for less than 5% of these plants. Less than 7% of epilepsy remedies are in common with De Materia Medica. Conclusions: Numerous plants were used to treat epilepsy in the 16th and 17th centuries. However, few of these plants have been investigated with respect to pharmacological activity on epilepsy related targets.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12361859" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c613214fe9b0c05712f7a2aeb3618b99" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46222806,"asset_id":12361859,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46222806/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31072728" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HamburgerMatthias">Matthias Hamburger</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31072728" type="text/json">{"id":31072728,"first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Hamburger","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HamburgerMatthias","display_name":"Matthias Hamburger","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HamburgerMatthias?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12361859 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12361859"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12361859, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12361859", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12361859]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12361859").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12361859").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12361859"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3612" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3612" type="text/json">{"id":3612,"name":"Renaissance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renaissance?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4083" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4086" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine">Traditional Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4086" type="text/json">{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12361859]'), work: {"id":12361859,"title":"Epilepsy in the Renaissance: A survey of remedies from 16th and 17th century German herbals","created_at":"2015-05-13T00:12:56.089-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12361859/Epilepsy_in_the_Renaissance_A_survey_of_remedies_from_16th_and_17th_century_German_herbals?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_12361859","summary":"Ethnopharmacological relevance: Before modern anticonvulsive drugs were developed people in central Europe used herbal remedies to treat epilepsy. Hundreds of different plants for this indication can be found in German herbals of the 16th and 17th centuries. Here we compile these plants and discuss their use from a pharmacological perspective. Materials and methods: Nine of the most important European herbals of the 16th and 17th century including Bock (1577), Fuchs (1543), Mattioli (1590), Lonicerus (1660, 1770), Brunfels (1532), Zwinger (1696), and Tabernaemontanus (1591, 1678) were searched for terms related to epilepsy, and plants and recipes described for its treatment were documented. We then searched scientific literature for pharmacological evidence of their effectiveness. Additionally the overlapping of these remedies with those in De Materia Medica by the Greek physician Dioscorides was studied. Results: Two hundred twenty one plants were identified in the herbals to be used in the context of epilepsy. In vitro and/or in vivo pharmacological data somehow related to the indication epilepsy was found for less than 5% of these plants. Less than 7% of epilepsy remedies are in common with De Materia Medica. Conclusions: Numerous plants were used to treat epilepsy in the 16th and 17th centuries. However, few of these plants have been investigated with respect to pharmacological activity on epilepsy related targets.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46222806,"asset_id":12361859,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31072728,"first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Hamburger","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HamburgerMatthias","display_name":"Matthias Hamburger","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HamburgerMatthias?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":3612,"name":"Renaissance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renaissance?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=15019"},{"id":7648,"name":"Epilepsy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epilepsy?f_ri=15019"},{"id":14032,"name":"Ethnopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology?f_ri=15019"},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019"},{"id":29916,"name":"PET","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PET?f_ri=15019"},{"id":48044,"name":"Greece","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greece?f_ri=15019"},{"id":50576,"name":"Germany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Germany?f_ri=15019"},{"id":52027,"name":"Phytotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytotherapy?f_ri=15019"},{"id":251027,"name":"NMDA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NMDA?f_ri=15019"},{"id":300599,"name":"AMPA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/AMPA?f_ri=15019"},{"id":579863,"name":"Materia Medica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materia_Medica?f_ri=15019"},{"id":669339,"name":"Mes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mes?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1002882,"name":"Pharmacological Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacological_Activity?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1445597,"name":"MRT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRT?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9981513" data-work_id="9981513" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9981513/Aqueous_extract_of_valerian_root_Valeriana_officinalis_L_improves_sleep_quality_in_man">Aqueous extract of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis L.) improves sleep quality in man</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Aqueous extract of valerian root (Valeriana offcinalis L.) improves sleep quality in man. PHARMAC. BIOCHEM. BEHAV. 17(l) 65-71, 1982.-The effect of an aqueous extract of valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) root on subjectively rated sleep... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9981513" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Aqueous extract of valerian root (Valeriana offcinalis L.) improves sleep quality in man. PHARMAC. BIOCHEM. BEHAV. 17(l) 65-71, 1982.-The effect of an aqueous extract of valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) root on subjectively rated sleep measures was studied on 128 people. Each person received 9 samples to test (3 containing placebo, 3 containing 400 mg valerian extract and 3 containing a proprietary over-the-counter valerian preparation).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9981513" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e20d58fbdac3ab4bb40106a811042b19" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47581790,"asset_id":9981513,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47581790/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24271904" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeterLeathwood">Peter Leathwood</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24271904" type="text/json">{"id":24271904,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Leathwood","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterLeathwood","display_name":"Peter Leathwood","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterLeathwood?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9981513 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9981513"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9981513, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9981513", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9981513]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9981513").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9981513").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9981513"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="140" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="140" type="text/json">{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3999" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coffee">Coffee</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3999" type="text/json">{"id":3999,"name":"Coffee","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coffee?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging">Aging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6791" type="text/json">{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9981513]'), work: {"id":9981513,"title":"Aqueous extract of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis L.) improves sleep quality in man","created_at":"2015-01-02T09:35:27.890-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9981513/Aqueous_extract_of_valerian_root_Valeriana_officinalis_L_improves_sleep_quality_in_man?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_9981513","summary":"Aqueous extract of valerian root (Valeriana offcinalis L.) improves sleep quality in man. PHARMAC. BIOCHEM. BEHAV. 17(l) 65-71, 1982.-The effect of an aqueous extract of valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) root on subjectively rated sleep measures was studied on 128 people. Each person received 9 samples to test (3 containing placebo, 3 containing 400 mg valerian extract and 3 containing a proprietary over-the-counter valerian preparation).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47581790,"asset_id":9981513,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24271904,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Leathwood","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterLeathwood","display_name":"Peter Leathwood","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterLeathwood?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":3999,"name":"Coffee","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coffee?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal 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class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12684843" data-work_id="12684843" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12684843/Plantas_medicinales_en_la_Antig%C3%BCedad_Cl%C3%A1sica_Usos_y_ejemplos">Plantas medicinales en la Antigüedad Clásica: Usos y ejemplos</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12684843" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f4eb9dfe1915f58c071f2fa2c5bf52b4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37779966,"asset_id":12684843,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37779966/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7295796" href="https://upv.academia.edu/%C3%81lvaroMedinaMart%C3%ADnez">Álvaro Medina Martínez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7295796" type="text/json">{"id":7295796,"first_name":"Álvaro","last_name":"Medina Martínez","domain_name":"upv","page_name":"ÁlvaroMedinaMartínez","display_name":"Álvaro Medina Martínez","profile_url":"https://upv.academia.edu/%C3%81lvaroMedinaMart%C3%ADnez?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7295796/8517369/9517523/s65__lvaro.medina_mart_nez.jpg_oh_efe0da93b8138379fde8310a52d5b6f2_oe_55a542d8___gda___1437010848_ee4e10621fa92d9f5f57f4c35d761a75"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12684843 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12684843"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12684843, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12684843", }); 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12684843]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12684843").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12684843").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12684843"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2273" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine">History of Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2273" type="text/json">{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12684843]'), work: {"id":12684843,"title":"Plantas medicinales en la Antigüedad Clásica: Usos y ejemplos","created_at":"2015-05-30T06:03:57.013-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12684843/Plantas_medicinales_en_la_Antig%C3%BCedad_Cl%C3%A1sica_Usos_y_ejemplos?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_12684843","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37779966,"asset_id":12684843,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7295796,"first_name":"Álvaro","last_name":"Medina Martínez","domain_name":"upv","page_name":"ÁlvaroMedinaMartínez","display_name":"Álvaro Medina Martínez","profile_url":"https://upv.academia.edu/%C3%81lvaroMedinaMart%C3%ADnez?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7295796/8517369/9517523/s65__lvaro.medina_mart_nez.jpg_oh_efe0da93b8138379fde8310a52d5b6f2_oe_55a542d8___gda___1437010848_ee4e10621fa92d9f5f57f4c35d761a75"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=15019"},{"id":38945,"name":"Arqueología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arqueolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=15019"},{"id":560042,"name":"Arqueobotánica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arqueobot%C3%A1nica?f_ri=15019"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=15019"},{"id":951143,"name":"Archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeology?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66291188" data-work_id="66291188" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66291188/Multi_functionality_of_the_few_current_and_past_uses_of_wild_plants_for_food_and_healing_in_Liuba%C5%84_region_Belarus">Multi-functionality of the few: current and past uses of wild plants for food and healing in Liubań region, Belarus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: This study examined the use of wild plants in the food, medicinal and veterinary areas within a small territory limited to one village council in the Liubań district of Belarus. The objectives of the research were to document... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66291188" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: This study examined the use of wild plants in the food, medicinal and veterinary areas within a small territory limited to one village council in the Liubań district of Belarus. The objectives of the research were to document the current and past uses of wild plants in this region for food and human/animal medication; to analyse the food, medicinal and veterinary areas in the context of wild plants; and to qualitatively compare the results with relevant publications concerning the wild food plants of Belarus. Methods: Fieldwork was carried out as a practical part of a development cooperation project in May 2016 in 11 villages of the Liubań district. One hundred thirty-four respondents were selected randomly. Information about local uses of wild plants was obtained via semi-structured interviews and the folk-history method. Interview records were digitalized and the data structured in Detailed Use Records (DUR), which were divided into food, medicinal and veterinary areas...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66291188" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d0f566ba6c5b67d63b3d545168bae815" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77541548,"asset_id":66291188,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77541548/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="203121" href="https://kirmus.academia.edu/MareK%C3%B5iva">Mare Kõiva</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="203121" type="text/json">{"id":203121,"first_name":"Mare","last_name":"Kõiva","domain_name":"kirmus","page_name":"MareKõiva","display_name":"Mare Kõiva","profile_url":"https://kirmus.academia.edu/MareK%C3%B5iva?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/203121/2771421/3230834/s65_mare.k_iva.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66291188 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66291188"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66291188, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66291188", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66291188]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66291188").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66291188").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66291188"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography">Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="261" type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1700" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany">Ethnobotany</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1700" type="text/json">{"id":1700,"name":"Ethnobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66291188]'), work: {"id":66291188,"title":"Multi-functionality of the few: current and past uses of wild plants for food and healing in Liubań region, Belarus","created_at":"2021-12-28T20:39:06.330-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66291188/Multi_functionality_of_the_few_current_and_past_uses_of_wild_plants_for_food_and_healing_in_Liuba%C5%84_region_Belarus?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_66291188","summary":"Background: This study examined the use of wild plants in the food, medicinal and veterinary areas within a small territory limited to one village council in the Liubań district of Belarus. The objectives of the research were to document the current and past uses of wild plants in this region for food and human/animal medication; to analyse the food, medicinal and veterinary areas in the context of wild plants; and to qualitatively compare the results with relevant publications concerning the wild food plants of Belarus. Methods: Fieldwork was carried out as a practical part of a development cooperation project in May 2016 in 11 villages of the Liubań district. One hundred thirty-four respondents were selected randomly. Information about local uses of wild plants was obtained via semi-structured interviews and the folk-history method. Interview records were digitalized and the data structured in Detailed Use Records (DUR), which were divided into food, medicinal and veterinary areas...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77541548,"asset_id":66291188,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":203121,"first_name":"Mare","last_name":"Kõiva","domain_name":"kirmus","page_name":"MareKõiva","display_name":"Mare Kõiva","profile_url":"https://kirmus.academia.edu/MareK%C3%B5iva?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/203121/2771421/3230834/s65_mare.k_iva.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":1700,"name":"Ethnobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":2170,"name":"Ethnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnography?f_ri=15019"},{"id":3308,"name":"Belarusian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Belarusian_Studies?f_ri=15019"},{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019"},{"id":7603,"name":"Food","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food?f_ri=15019"},{"id":10221,"name":"Food and Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_and_Nutrition?f_ri=15019"},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019"},{"id":15357,"name":"Ethnobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobiology?f_ri=15019"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=15019"},{"id":298260,"name":"Wild edible plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wild_edible_plants?f_ri=15019"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63738601" data-work_id="63738601" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63738601/Resilience_at_the_border_traditional_botanical_knowledge_among_Macedonians_and_Albanians_living_in_Gollobordo_Eastern_Albania">Resilience at the border: traditional botanical knowledge among Macedonians and Albanians living in Gollobordo, Eastern Albania</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Ethnobotany in SouthEastern Europe is gaining the interest of several scholars and stakeholders, since it is increasingly considered a key point for the re-evaluation of local bio-cultural heritage. The region of Gollobordo,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63738601" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Ethnobotany in SouthEastern Europe is gaining the interest of several scholars and stakeholders, since it is increasingly considered a key point for the re-evaluation of local bio-cultural heritage. The region of Gollobordo, located in Eastern Albania and bordering the Republic of Macedonia, is of particular interest for conducting ethnobiological studies, since it remained relatively isolated for the larger part of the 20 th Century and is traditionally inhabited by a majority of ethnic Macedonians and a minority of Albanians (nowadays both sharing the Muslim faith). Methods: An ethnobotanical survey focused on local food, medicinal, and veterinary plant uses was conducted with 58 participants using open and semi-structured interviews and via participant observation. Results: We recorded and identified 115 taxa of vascular plants, which are locally used for food, medicinal, and veterinary purposes (representing 268 total plant reports). The Macedonian Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) was greater than the Albanian TEK, especially in the herbal and ritual domains. This phenomenon may be linked to the long socio-cultural and linguistic isolation of this group during the time when the borders between Albania and the former Yugoslavia were completely closed. Moreover, the unusual current food utilisation of cooked potatoes leaves, still in use nowadays among Macedonians, could represent the side effect of an extreme adaptation that locals underwent over the past century when the introduction of the potato crop made new strategies available for establishing stable settlements around the highest pastures. Additionally, the difference in use of Helichrysum plicatum, which is popular in the local Macedonian folk medicine but absent among Albanians, confirms the particular significance of this taxon as it relates to the yellow colour of its flowers in South Slavic folklore. Conclusion: Botanical studies with an ethnographic approach are crucial for understanding patterns of use of plants within given cultures. Importantly, such studies can also allow for analysis of the dynamics of change in these TEK patterns over the time. The results of this study may be important as baseline data set to be used in rural development programs in Gollobordo, aimed at fostering community-based strategies of management of natural resources.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63738601" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3fd007a5f17876c0291b66fb723d0eae" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76065027,"asset_id":63738601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76065027/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="62254062" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnelyNedelcheva">Anely Nedelcheva</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="62254062" type="text/json">{"id":62254062,"first_name":"Anely","last_name":"Nedelcheva","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnelyNedelcheva","display_name":"Anely Nedelcheva","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnelyNedelcheva?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/62254062/96986787/86045810/s65_anely.nedelcheva.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63738601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63738601"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63738601, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63738601", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63738601]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63738601").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63738601").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63738601"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1700" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany">Ethnobotany</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1700" type="text/json">{"id":1700,"name":"Ethnobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4083" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63738601]'), work: {"id":63738601,"title":"Resilience at the border: traditional botanical knowledge among Macedonians and Albanians living in Gollobordo, Eastern Albania","created_at":"2021-12-10T02:58:23.590-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63738601/Resilience_at_the_border_traditional_botanical_knowledge_among_Macedonians_and_Albanians_living_in_Gollobordo_Eastern_Albania?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_63738601","summary":"Background: Ethnobotany in SouthEastern Europe is gaining the interest of several scholars and stakeholders, since it is increasingly considered a key point for the re-evaluation of local bio-cultural heritage. The region of Gollobordo, located in Eastern Albania and bordering the Republic of Macedonia, is of particular interest for conducting ethnobiological studies, since it remained relatively isolated for the larger part of the 20 th Century and is traditionally inhabited by a majority of ethnic Macedonians and a minority of Albanians (nowadays both sharing the Muslim faith). Methods: An ethnobotanical survey focused on local food, medicinal, and veterinary plant uses was conducted with 58 participants using open and semi-structured interviews and via participant observation. Results: We recorded and identified 115 taxa of vascular plants, which are locally used for food, medicinal, and veterinary purposes (representing 268 total plant reports). The Macedonian Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) was greater than the Albanian TEK, especially in the herbal and ritual domains. This phenomenon may be linked to the long socio-cultural and linguistic isolation of this group during the time when the borders between Albania and the former Yugoslavia were completely closed. Moreover, the unusual current food utilisation of cooked potatoes leaves, still in use nowadays among Macedonians, could represent the side effect of an extreme adaptation that locals underwent over the past century when the introduction of the potato crop made new strategies available for establishing stable settlements around the highest pastures. Additionally, the difference in use of Helichrysum plicatum, which is popular in the local Macedonian folk medicine but absent among Albanians, confirms the particular significance of this taxon as it relates to the yellow colour of its flowers in South Slavic folklore. Conclusion: Botanical studies with an ethnographic approach are crucial for understanding patterns of use of plants within given cultures. Importantly, such studies can also allow for analysis of the dynamics of change in these TEK patterns over the time. The results of this study may be important as baseline data set to be used in rural development programs in Gollobordo, aimed at fostering community-based strategies of management of natural resources.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76065027,"asset_id":63738601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":62254062,"first_name":"Anely","last_name":"Nedelcheva","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnelyNedelcheva","display_name":"Anely Nedelcheva","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnelyNedelcheva?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/62254062/96986787/86045810/s65_anely.nedelcheva.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":1700,"name":"Ethnobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative 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research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1977732" data-work_id="1977732" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1977732/Systematic_review_of_herbs_and_dietary_supplements_for_glycemic_control_in_diabetes">Systematic review of herbs and dietary supplements for glycemic control in diabetes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">OBJECTIVE -To conduct a systematic review of the published literature on the efficacy and safety of herbal therapies and vitamin/mineral supplements for glucose control in patients with diabetes.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1977732" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e4e6b96084b7fe03bbc852872f79b157" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":28593420,"asset_id":1977732,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/28593420/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down 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data-has-card-for-ri="2066" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Design">Research Design</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2066" type="text/json">{"id":2066,"name":"Research Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Design?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4581" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes">Diabetes</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4581" type="text/json">{"id":4581,"name":"Diabetes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8942" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment">Treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8942" type="text/json">{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1977732]'), work: {"id":1977732,"title":"Systematic review of herbs and dietary supplements for glycemic control in diabetes","created_at":"2012-09-28T06:20:10.707-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1977732/Systematic_review_of_herbs_and_dietary_supplements_for_glycemic_control_in_diabetes?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_1977732","summary":"OBJECTIVE -To conduct a systematic review of the published literature on the efficacy and safety of herbal therapies and vitamin/mineral supplements for glucose control in patients with 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Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":52027,"name":"Phytotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytotherapy?f_ri=15019"},{"id":71300,"name":"Blood Glucose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Glucose?f_ri=15019"},{"id":71511,"name":"Diabetes mellitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes_mellitus?f_ri=15019"},{"id":152562,"name":"Dietary Supplements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dietary_Supplements?f_ri=15019"},{"id":203527,"name":"Medline","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medline?f_ri=15019"},{"id":221411,"name":"Systematic review","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systematic_review?f_ri=15019"},{"id":437478,"name":"Glycemic Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glycemic_Control?f_ri=15019"},{"id":784771,"name":"Dietary Supplement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dietary_Supplement?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1426858,"name":"Diabetes Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes_Care?f_ri=15019"},{"id":2463778,"name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trials_as_Topic?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36433737" data-work_id="36433737" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36433737/SMART_GREENHOUSE">SMART GREENHOUSE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Smart Greenhouse is prototype implementation of a remotely controlled and monitored greenhouse. Using an Internet of things (IoT) - based communication and control technology the Smart Greenhouse enables an automatic control of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36433737" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Smart Greenhouse is prototype implementation of a remotely controlled and monitored greenhouse. Using an Internet of things (IoT) - based communication and control technology the Smart Greenhouse enables an automatic control of the plants growing environment and enables remote control and monitoring of the plants and the environment.<br />      This project utilizes Eleven sensors to read in the environment parameters and monitor the power consumption of the system. For the environment parameters, light condition, inside and outside temperature and humidity, soil moisture and pH level. The sensors are used to control Six actuators. Growing LED lights, heater, water pump, two solenoids, and a ventilation Fan. In the automatic mode the microcontroller will control the status of each actuator based on the sensors. <br />      In addition to the monitoring system, a camera is installed inside the greenhouse to provide visual feed. Current sensors were used to calculate the power consumption of each actuator.<br />    The greenhouse is connected to a remoted cloud using a wireless communication system. This system is used to stream data for the user to store and view using a web application.<br />      In summary, the requirements were to create suitable greenhouse environment, control and monitor the environment, communication system to store data for the user to view.<br />        The requirements were successfully achieved, and a remote controller of the greenhouse was implemented that include a web user interface.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36433737" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eba2d3afd08a0d259b9d82179ac6fe6f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56347515,"asset_id":36433737,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56347515/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="863671" href="https://uregina.academia.edu/MohammadGasim">Mohammad Gasim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="863671" type="text/json">{"id":863671,"first_name":"Mohammad","last_name":"Gasim","domain_name":"uregina","page_name":"MohammadGasim","display_name":"Mohammad Gasim","profile_url":"https://uregina.academia.edu/MohammadGasim?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/863671/309470/6046127/s65_mohammad.gasim.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36433737 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36433737"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36433737, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36433737", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36433737]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36433737").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36433737").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36433737"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4731" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precision_Agriculture">Precision Agriculture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4731" type="text/json">{"id":4731,"name":"Precision Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precision_Agriculture?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47930" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouses">Greenhouses</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47930" type="text/json">{"id":47930,"name":"Greenhouses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouses?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51175" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Farming">Organic Farming</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="51175" type="text/json">{"id":51175,"name":"Organic Farming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Farming?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36433737]'), work: {"id":36433737,"title":"SMART GREENHOUSE","created_at":"2018-04-18T01:40:52.540-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36433737/SMART_GREENHOUSE?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_36433737","summary":" The Smart Greenhouse is prototype implementation of a remotely controlled and monitored greenhouse. Using an Internet of things (IoT) - based communication and control technology the Smart Greenhouse enables an automatic control of the plants growing environment and enables remote control and monitoring of the plants and the environment.\n This project utilizes Eleven sensors to read in the environment parameters and monitor the power consumption of the system. For the environment parameters, light condition, inside and outside temperature and humidity, soil moisture and pH level. The sensors are used to control Six actuators. Growing LED lights, heater, water pump, two solenoids, and a ventilation Fan. In the automatic mode the microcontroller will control the status of each actuator based on the sensors. \n In addition to the monitoring system, a camera is installed inside the greenhouse to provide visual feed. Current sensors were used to calculate the power consumption of each actuator.\n The greenhouse is connected to a remoted cloud using a wireless communication system. This system is used to stream data for the user to store and view using a web application.\n In summary, the requirements were to create suitable greenhouse environment, control and monitor the environment, communication system to store data for the user to view.\n The requirements were successfully achieved, and a remote controller of the greenhouse was implemented that include a web user interface. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56347515,"asset_id":36433737,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":863671,"first_name":"Mohammad","last_name":"Gasim","domain_name":"uregina","page_name":"MohammadGasim","display_name":"Mohammad Gasim","profile_url":"https://uregina.academia.edu/MohammadGasim?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/863671/309470/6046127/s65_mohammad.gasim.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4731,"name":"Precision Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precision_Agriculture?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":47930,"name":"Greenhouses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouses?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":51175,"name":"Organic Farming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Farming?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":247799,"name":"Internet of Things (IoT)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_of_Things_IoT_?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1157153,"name":"MARIGUANA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MARIGUANA?f_ri=15019"},{"id":2443029,"name":"Smart Greenhouse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smart_Greenhouse?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24856440" data-work_id="24856440" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24856440/Enciclopedia_de_plantas_medicinales">Enciclopedia de plantas medicinales</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24856440" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="23ad2ecb16bc881d3c33cc28b85b93c7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45179706,"asset_id":24856440,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45179706/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5042935" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeraLuzPL">PeraLuz PL</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5042935" type="text/json">{"id":5042935,"first_name":"PeraLuz","last_name":"PL","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeraLuzPL","display_name":"PeraLuz PL","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeraLuzPL?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5042935/2195811/2572973/s65_peraluz.pl.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24856440 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24856440"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24856440, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24856440", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24856440]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24856440").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24856440").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24856440"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24856440]'), work: {"id":24856440,"title":"Enciclopedia de plantas medicinales","created_at":"2016-04-28T15:06:57.355-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24856440/Enciclopedia_de_plantas_medicinales?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_24856440","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45179706,"asset_id":24856440,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5042935,"first_name":"PeraLuz","last_name":"PL","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeraLuzPL","display_name":"PeraLuz PL","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeraLuzPL?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5042935/2195811/2572973/s65_peraluz.pl.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20492600" data-work_id="20492600" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20492600/Mycotherapy_of_Cancer_An_Update_on_Cytotoxic_and_Antitumor_Activities_of_Mushrooms_Bioactive_Principles_and_Molecular_Mechanisms_of_their_Action">Mycotherapy of Cancer: An Update on Cytotoxic and Antitumor Activities of Mushrooms, Bioactive Principles and Molecular Mechanisms of their Action</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Mycotherapy is defined as the study of the use of extracts and compounds obtained from mushrooms as medicines or health-promoting agents. The present review updates the recent findings on anticancer/antitumor agents derived from mushroom... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20492600" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mycotherapy is defined as the study of the use of extracts and compounds obtained from mushrooms as medicines or health-promoting agents. The present review updates the recent findings on anticancer/antitumor agents derived from mushroom extracts and their metabolites. The increasing number of studies in the past few years revealed mushroom extracts as potent antitumor agents. Also, numerous studies were conducted on bioactive compounds isolated from mushrooms reporting the heteropolysaccharides, -glucans, -glucans, proteins, complexes of polysaccharides with proteins, fatty acids, nucleoside antagonists, terpenoids, sesquiterpenes, lanostanoids, sterols and phenolic acids as promising antitumor agents. Also, molecular mechanisms of cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines are discussed in this review. Findings with Antrodia camphorata and Ganoderma lucidium extracts and isolated compounds are presented, as being the most deeply studied previously.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20492600" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4a641ec186a74ab02dcdf951edbebf0e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41401869,"asset_id":20492600,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41401869/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30851595" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JelenaZivkovic8">Jelena Zivkovic</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30851595" type="text/json">{"id":30851595,"first_name":"Jelena","last_name":"Zivkovic","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JelenaZivkovic8","display_name":"Jelena Zivkovic","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JelenaZivkovic8?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20492600 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20492600"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20492600, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20492600", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20492600 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20492600; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20492600"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20492600 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20492600"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20492600; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20492600]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20492600").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20492600").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20492600"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16061" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polysaccharides">Polysaccharides</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16061" type="text/json">{"id":16061,"name":"Polysaccharides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polysaccharides?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="181569" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteins">Proteins</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="181569" type="text/json">{"id":181569,"name":"Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteins?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="216296" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucans">Glucans</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="216296" type="text/json">{"id":216296,"name":"Glucans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucans?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20492600]'), work: {"id":20492600,"title":"Mycotherapy of Cancer: An Update on Cytotoxic and Antitumor Activities of Mushrooms, Bioactive Principles and Molecular Mechanisms of their Action","created_at":"2016-01-22T01:26:34.513-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20492600/Mycotherapy_of_Cancer_An_Update_on_Cytotoxic_and_Antitumor_Activities_of_Mushrooms_Bioactive_Principles_and_Molecular_Mechanisms_of_their_Action?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_20492600","summary":"Mycotherapy is defined as the study of the use of extracts and compounds obtained from mushrooms as medicines or health-promoting agents. The present review updates the recent findings on anticancer/antitumor agents derived from mushroom extracts and their metabolites. The increasing number of studies in the past few years revealed mushroom extracts as potent antitumor agents. Also, numerous studies were conducted on bioactive compounds isolated from mushrooms reporting the heteropolysaccharides, -glucans, -glucans, proteins, complexes of polysaccharides with proteins, fatty acids, nucleoside antagonists, terpenoids, sesquiterpenes, lanostanoids, sterols and phenolic acids as promising antitumor agents. Also, molecular mechanisms of cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines are discussed in this review. Findings with Antrodia camphorata and Ganoderma lucidium extracts and isolated compounds are presented, as being the most deeply studied previously.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41401869,"asset_id":20492600,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30851595,"first_name":"Jelena","last_name":"Zivkovic","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JelenaZivkovic8","display_name":"Jelena Zivkovic","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JelenaZivkovic8?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":16061,"name":"Polysaccharides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polysaccharides?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":181569,"name":"Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteins?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":216296,"name":"Glucans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucans?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":354056,"name":"Plant extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts?f_ri=15019"},{"id":999291,"name":"Reishi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reishi?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24070929" data-work_id="24070929" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24070929/A_review_on_bioactive_compounds_isolated_from_plants_against_plant_pathogenic_fungi">A review on bioactive compounds isolated from plants against plant pathogenic fungi</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Plant-derived compounds are regarded as a substantial source for novel lead structures to develop medicines and biocides natural products. Concurrent with greater awareness towards the use of synthetic chemicals in agricultural practice,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24070929" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Plant-derived compounds are regarded as a substantial source for novel lead structures to develop medicines and biocides natural products. Concurrent with greater awareness towards the use of synthetic chemicals in agricultural practice, the application of integrated pest management programs has also increased. In recent years, there has been considerable public pressure to reduce the use of synthetic fungicides in agriculture. Although, the use of synthetic fungicides in plant disease control has been successful in improving agricultural output, several of these have been found to exhibit sideeffects in the form of carcinogenicity, detrimental effects and other residual toxicities. The alternative choice therefore would be the use of botanical fungicides, which are found to be largely nonphytotoxic, systematic and easily biodegradable in nature. The present study is a summary of review literature during past decades which focused on bioactive compounds isolated from plants against plant pathogenic fungi.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24070929" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f62eb8683ed70b1a18ab3a7fc9920018" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44442495,"asset_id":24070929,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44442495/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="415615" href="https://acecr.academia.edu/DarabYazdani">Darab Yazdani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="415615" type="text/json">{"id":415615,"first_name":"Darab","last_name":"Yazdani","domain_name":"acecr","page_name":"DarabYazdani","display_name":"Darab Yazdani","profile_url":"https://acecr.academia.edu/DarabYazdani?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/415615/100502/68610452/s65_darab.yazdani.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24070929 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24070929"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24070929, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24070929", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24070929 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24070929; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24070929"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24070929 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24070929"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24070929; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24070929]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24070929").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24070929").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24070929"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4083" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1134083" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plant">Medicinal Plant</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1134083" type="text/json">{"id":1134083,"name":"Medicinal Plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plant?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24070929]'), work: {"id":24070929,"title":"A review on bioactive compounds isolated from plants against plant pathogenic fungi","created_at":"2016-04-05T09:48:19.159-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24070929/A_review_on_bioactive_compounds_isolated_from_plants_against_plant_pathogenic_fungi?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_24070929","summary":"Plant-derived compounds are regarded as a substantial source for novel lead structures to develop medicines and biocides natural products. Concurrent with greater awareness towards the use of synthetic chemicals in agricultural practice, the application of integrated pest management programs has also increased. In recent years, there has been considerable public pressure to reduce the use of synthetic fungicides in agriculture. Although, the use of synthetic fungicides in plant disease control has been successful in improving agricultural output, several of these have been found to exhibit sideeffects in the form of carcinogenicity, detrimental effects and other residual toxicities. The alternative choice therefore would be the use of botanical fungicides, which are found to be largely nonphytotoxic, systematic and easily biodegradable in nature. The present study is a summary of review literature during past decades which focused on bioactive compounds isolated from plants against plant pathogenic fungi.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44442495,"asset_id":24070929,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":415615,"first_name":"Darab","last_name":"Yazdani","domain_name":"acecr","page_name":"DarabYazdani","display_name":"Darab Yazdani","profile_url":"https://acecr.academia.edu/DarabYazdani?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/415615/100502/68610452/s65_darab.yazdani.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":1134083,"name":"Medicinal Plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plant?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20121132 coauthored" data-work_id="20121132" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20121132/Myrrh_commiphora_chemistry">Myrrh - commiphora chemistry</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Myrrh and opopanax has been used throughout history in incense and as a perfume. Since Bible times it has been used for the treatment of wounds. The first attempts to identify content compounds were almost 100 years ago. In this review we... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20121132" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Myrrh and opopanax has been used throughout history in incense and as a perfume. Since Bible times it has been used for the treatment of wounds. The first attempts to identify content compounds were almost 100 years ago. In this review we discuss the present state of knowledge in the chemistry of substances of Commiphora spp.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20121132" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0ba74dc2cd7397f2d79aa6e48d73cc54" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41132705,"asset_id":20121132,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41132705/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41180667" href="https://huji.academia.edu/AriehMoussaieff">Arieh Moussaieff</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41180667" type="text/json">{"id":41180667,"first_name":"Arieh","last_name":"Moussaieff","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"AriehMoussaieff","display_name":"Arieh Moussaieff","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/AriehMoussaieff?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41180667/11178552/12474202/s65_arieh.moussaieff.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-20121132">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-20121132"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/HanusLumir">Lumir Hanus</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://pandia.academia.edu/ValeryDembitsky">Valery M Dembitsky</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-20121132'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-20121132').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20121132 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20121132"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20121132, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20121132", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20121132 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20121132; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20121132"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20121132 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20121132"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20121132; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20121132]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20121132").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20121132").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20121132"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical">Biomedical</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="36237" type="text/json">{"id":36237,"name":"Biomedical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165799" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terpenes">Terpenes</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165799" type="text/json">{"id":165799,"name":"Terpenes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terpenes?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="354056" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts">Plant extracts</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="354056" type="text/json">{"id":354056,"name":"Plant extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20121132]'), work: {"id":20121132,"title":"Myrrh - commiphora chemistry","created_at":"2016-01-09T08:08:40.289-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20121132/Myrrh_commiphora_chemistry?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_20121132","summary":"Myrrh and opopanax has been used throughout history in incense and as a perfume. Since Bible times it has been used for the treatment of wounds. The first attempts to identify content compounds were almost 100 years ago. In this review we discuss the present state of knowledge in the chemistry of substances of Commiphora spp.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41132705,"asset_id":20121132,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41180667,"first_name":"Arieh","last_name":"Moussaieff","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"AriehMoussaieff","display_name":"Arieh Moussaieff","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/AriehMoussaieff?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41180667/11178552/12474202/s65_arieh.moussaieff.jpg"},{"id":44362950,"first_name":"Lumir","last_name":"Hanus","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HanusLumir","display_name":"Lumir Hanus","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HanusLumir?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":29305047,"first_name":"Valery","last_name":"Dembitsky","domain_name":"pandia","page_name":"ValeryDembitsky","display_name":"Valery M Dembitsky","profile_url":"https://pandia.academia.edu/ValeryDembitsky?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29305047/8378458/9368246/s65_valery.dembitsky.jpg_oh_2b1df6b32fde16c1a0e9d061352f30e0_oe_55b41ef8___gda___1436013840_c1f6da16b1bfe43eeadb2a79fdf8c383"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":36237,"name":"Biomedical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":165799,"name":"Terpenes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terpenes?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":354056,"name":"Plant extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71456374" data-work_id="71456374" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71456374/Effects_of_solvent_type_on_phenolics_and_flavonoids_content_and_antioxidant_activities_in_two_varieties_of_young_ginger_Zingiber_officinale_Roscoe_extracts">Effects of solvent type on phenolics and flavonoids content and antioxidant activities in two varieties of young ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) extracts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The extractive capability of phenolic components from herb material is considerably depended on the type of solvent. In our research three kinds of solvents (methanol, acetone and chloroform) extracts from different parts (leaves, stems... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71456374" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The extractive capability of phenolic components from herb material is considerably depended on the type of solvent. In our research three kinds of solvents (methanol, acetone and chloroform) extracts from different parts (leaves, stems and rhizomes) of two Malaysian young ginger varieties (Halia Bara and Halia Bentong) were used to examine the effects of extraction solvent on total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), quercetin, catechin and rutin content and antioxidant activity [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay]. Results showed that extraction solvent had significant effects on TP, TF, quercetin, catechin and rutin content and antioxidant activity. The highest content of TP, TF and DPPH scavenging activities were found in methanol extracts. Additionally, High performance liqouid chromatography results shown that methanol had the highest extraction capacity for quercetin, rutin and catechin. Between varieties Halia Bara had high content of TP, TF and antioxidant activi...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71456374" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2257560225f28c432745327e9162d291" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80790339,"asset_id":71456374,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80790339/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33350337" href="https://upm.academia.edu/HJaafar">Hawa Jaafar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33350337" type="text/json">{"id":33350337,"first_name":"Hawa","last_name":"Jaafar","domain_name":"upm","page_name":"HJaafar","display_name":"Hawa Jaafar","profile_url":"https://upm.academia.edu/HJaafar?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33350337/18268600/18240849/s65_hawa.jaafar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71456374 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71456374"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71456374, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71456374", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71456374]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71456374").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71456374").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71456374"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71456374]'), work: {"id":71456374,"title":"Effects of solvent type on phenolics and flavonoids content and antioxidant activities in two varieties of young ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) extracts","created_at":"2022-02-14T01:05:32.339-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71456374/Effects_of_solvent_type_on_phenolics_and_flavonoids_content_and_antioxidant_activities_in_two_varieties_of_young_ginger_Zingiber_officinale_Roscoe_extracts?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_71456374","summary":"The extractive capability of phenolic components from herb material is considerably depended on the type of solvent. In our research three kinds of solvents (methanol, acetone and chloroform) extracts from different parts (leaves, stems and rhizomes) of two Malaysian young ginger varieties (Halia Bara and Halia Bentong) were used to examine the effects of extraction solvent on total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), quercetin, catechin and rutin content and antioxidant activity [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay]. Results showed that extraction solvent had significant effects on TP, TF, quercetin, catechin and rutin content and antioxidant activity. The highest content of TP, TF and DPPH scavenging activities were found in methanol extracts. Additionally, High performance liqouid chromatography results shown that methanol had the highest extraction capacity for quercetin, rutin and catechin. Between varieties Halia Bara had high content of TP, TF and antioxidant activi...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80790339,"asset_id":71456374,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33350337,"first_name":"Hawa","last_name":"Jaafar","domain_name":"upm","page_name":"HJaafar","display_name":"Hawa Jaafar","profile_url":"https://upm.academia.edu/HJaafar?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33350337/18268600/18240849/s65_hawa.jaafar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71032774" data-work_id="71032774" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71032774/The_GABAergic_system_contributes_to_the_anxiolytic_like_effect_of_essential_oil_from_Cymbopogon_citratus_lemongrass">The GABAergic system contributes to the anxiolytic-like effect of essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ethnopharmacological relevance: The essential oil (EO) from Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf is reported to have a wide range of biological activities and is widely used in traditional medicine as an infusion or decoction. However, despite... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71032774" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ethnopharmacological relevance: The essential oil (EO) from Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf is reported to have a wide range of biological activities and is widely used in traditional medicine as an infusion or decoction. However, despite this widely use, there are few controlled studies confirming its biological activity in central nervous system. Materials and methods: The anxiolytic-like activity of the EO was investigated in light/dark box (LDB) and marble-burying test (MBT) and the antidepressant activity was investigated in forced-swimming test (FST) in mice. Flumazenil, a competitive antagonist of benzodiazepine binding and the selective 5-HT 1A receptor antagonist WAY100635 was used in experimental procedures to determine the action mechanism of EO. To exclude any false positive results in experimental procedures, mice were submitted to the rota-rod test. We also quantified some neurotransmitters at specific brain regions after EO oral acute treatment. Results: The present work found anxiolytic-like activity of the EO at the dose of 10 mg/kg in a LDB. Flumazenil, but not WAY100635, was able to reverse the effect of the EO in the LDB, indicating that the EO activity occurs via the GABA A receptor-benzodiazepine complex. Only at higher doses did the EO potentiate diethyl-ether-induced sleeping time in mice. In the FST and MBT, EO showed no effect. Finally, the increase in time spent in the light chamber, demonstrated by concomitant treatment with ineffective doses of diazepam (DZP) and the EO, revealed a synergistic effect of the two compounds. The lack of activity after long-term treatment in the LDB test might be related to tolerance induction, even in the DZP-treated group. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between groups after either acute or repeated treatments with the EO in the rota-rod test. Neurochemical evaluation showed no amendments in neurotransmitter levels evaluated in cortex, striatum, pons, and hypothalamus. Conclusions: The results corroborate the use of Cymbopogon citratus in folk medicine and suggest that the anxiolytic-like effect of its EO is mediated by the GABA A receptor-benzodiazepine complex.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71032774" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="329ce086f582ce7b91a165c32963fa47" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80545078,"asset_id":71032774,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80545078/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24625724" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MirtesCosta">Mirtes Costa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24625724" type="text/json">{"id":24625724,"first_name":"Mirtes","last_name":"Costa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MirtesCosta","display_name":"Mirtes Costa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MirtesCosta?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24625724/6659084/7524585/s65_mirtes.costa.jpg_oh_b9da60ad8a9d17f22c0bb0899acfe8b2_oe_5539d388___gda___1428621453_8a1554d2d47530da7ee8aa51abfe91b7"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71032774 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71032774"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71032774, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71032774", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71032774]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71032774").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71032774").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71032774"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2749" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior">Animal Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2749" type="text/json">{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4083" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71032774]'), work: {"id":71032774,"title":"The GABAergic system contributes to the anxiolytic-like effect of essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass","created_at":"2022-02-09T17:59:52.057-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71032774/The_GABAergic_system_contributes_to_the_anxiolytic_like_effect_of_essential_oil_from_Cymbopogon_citratus_lemongrass?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_71032774","summary":"Ethnopharmacological relevance: The essential oil (EO) from Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf is reported to have a wide range of biological activities and is widely used in traditional medicine as an infusion or decoction. However, despite this widely use, there are few controlled studies confirming its biological activity in central nervous system. Materials and methods: The anxiolytic-like activity of the EO was investigated in light/dark box (LDB) and marble-burying test (MBT) and the antidepressant activity was investigated in forced-swimming test (FST) in mice. Flumazenil, a competitive antagonist of benzodiazepine binding and the selective 5-HT 1A receptor antagonist WAY100635 was used in experimental procedures to determine the action mechanism of EO. To exclude any false positive results in experimental procedures, mice were submitted to the rota-rod test. We also quantified some neurotransmitters at specific brain regions after EO oral acute treatment. Results: The present work found anxiolytic-like activity of the EO at the dose of 10 mg/kg in a LDB. Flumazenil, but not WAY100635, was able to reverse the effect of the EO in the LDB, indicating that the EO activity occurs via the GABA A receptor-benzodiazepine complex. Only at higher doses did the EO potentiate diethyl-ether-induced sleeping time in mice. In the FST and MBT, EO showed no effect. Finally, the increase in time spent in the light chamber, demonstrated by concomitant treatment with ineffective doses of diazepam (DZP) and the EO, revealed a synergistic effect of the two compounds. The lack of activity after long-term treatment in the LDB test might be related to tolerance induction, even in the DZP-treated group. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between groups after either acute or repeated treatments with the EO in the rota-rod test. Neurochemical evaluation showed no amendments in neurotransmitter levels evaluated in cortex, striatum, pons, and hypothalamus. Conclusions: The results corroborate the use of Cymbopogon citratus in folk medicine and suggest that the anxiolytic-like effect of its EO is mediated by the GABA A receptor-benzodiazepine complex.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80545078,"asset_id":71032774,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24625724,"first_name":"Mirtes","last_name":"Costa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MirtesCosta","display_name":"Mirtes Costa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MirtesCosta?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24625724/6659084/7524585/s65_mirtes.costa.jpg_oh_b9da60ad8a9d17f22c0bb0899acfe8b2_oe_5539d388___gda___1428621453_8a1554d2d47530da7ee8aa51abfe91b7"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":14032,"name":"Ethnopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology?f_ri=15019"},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=15019"},{"id":38676,"name":"Anxiety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety?f_ri=15019"},{"id":48465,"name":"Essential Oil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Essential_Oil?f_ri=15019"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=15019"},{"id":147195,"name":"Central Nervous System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Nervous_System?f_ri=15019"},{"id":243629,"name":"Lancet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lancet?f_ri=15019"},{"id":623821,"name":"ANXIETY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ANXIETY-1?f_ri=15019"},{"id":783432,"name":"Biological activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_activity?f_ri=15019"},{"id":890752,"name":"Cymbopogon Citratus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cymbopogon_Citratus?f_ri=15019"},{"id":2223059,"name":"Flumazenil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flumazenil?f_ri=15019"},{"id":2246318,"name":"Motor activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_activity?f_ri=15019"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6066257" data-work_id="6066257" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6066257/Clinical_and_analytical_aspects_of_pyrrolizidine_poisoning_caused_by_South_African_traditional_medicines">Clinical and analytical aspects of pyrrolizidine poisoning caused by South African traditional medicines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa">South Africa</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61866" type="text/json">{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6066257]'), work: {"id":6066257,"title":"Clinical and analytical aspects of pyrrolizidine poisoning caused by South African traditional medicines","created_at":"2014-02-13T15:56:47.558-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6066257/Clinical_and_analytical_aspects_of_pyrrolizidine_poisoning_caused_by_South_African_traditional_medicines?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_6066257","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49032084,"asset_id":6066257,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3991539,"first_name":"Vanessa","last_name":"Steenkamp","domain_name":"up-za","page_name":"VanessaSteenkamp","display_name":"Vanessa Steenkamp","profile_url":"https://up-za.academia.edu/VanessaSteenkamp?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3991539/1508563/1835866/s65_vanessa.steenkamp.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":58380,"name":"Therapeutic drug monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Therapeutic_drug_monitoring?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=15019"},{"id":71437,"name":"Liver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver?f_ri=15019"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1269945,"name":"Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyrrolizidine_Alkaloids?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1281378,"name":"Aspartate Aminotransferases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspartate_Aminotransferases?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1281483,"name":"Ascites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ascites?f_ri=15019"},{"id":2112739,"name":"Alanine Transaminase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alanine_Transaminase?f_ri=15019"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20668640" data-work_id="20668640" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/20668640/Herbal_medicinal_products_during_pregnancy_are_they_safe">Herbal medicinal products during pregnancy: are they 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Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52027" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytotherapy">Phytotherapy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="52027" type="text/json">{"id":52027,"name":"Phytotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytotherapy?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20668640]'), work: {"id":20668640,"title":"Herbal medicinal products during pregnancy: are they 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Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":52027,"name":"Phytotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytotherapy?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80759492" data-work_id="80759492" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80759492/The_impacts_of_inhalation_aromatherapy_with_lavender_essential_oil_on_students_test_anxiety_a_randomized_placebo_controlled_clinical_trial">The impacts of inhalation aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on students’ test anxiety: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Test anxiety (TA) can hinder students' academic achievement and cause them educational decline and psychological problems. Objective: The effect of inhalation aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on nursing students' test... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80759492" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Test anxiety (TA) can hinder students' academic achievement and cause them educational decline and psychological problems. Objective: The effect of inhalation aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on nursing students' test anxiety was investigated. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study was conducted on 33 nursing students who had taken the Community Health Nursing II course and were going to take its final exam. Before taking the exam of the course, the students were allocated to the aromatherapy (n = 16) and the control groups (n = 17). For the aromatherapy group, ten drops of lavender essential oil was added to one liter of water and the solution was distributed in the room space for fifteen minutes by using a humidifier. However, the humidifier which was used for the control group included of only pure water without any essential oil. The students' test anxiety was measured both before and after the study intervention by employing the Test Anxiety Inventory. Results: There was no significant difference between the study groups regarding the participating students' demographic characteristics as well as the pretest and the posttest values of test anxiety. However, within-group comparisons indicated that in the aromatherapy group, the posttest value of test anxiety was significantly lower than the pretest value. Conclusions: The findings indicated that inhalation aromatherapy with lavender essential oil had no positive effects on students' test anxiety. However, as the level of test anxiety in the aromatherapy group decreased significantly after the intervention and the students in this group reported that aromatherapy was pleasant to them. Aromatherapy is probably insignificant in alleviating acute or state anxieties.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80759492" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="06201cf0316b5eb9f0c8b0fc5ced319c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87034493,"asset_id":80759492,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87034493/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1727351" href="https://qom.academia.edu/hodaahmari">hoda ahmari</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1727351" type="text/json">{"id":1727351,"first_name":"hoda","last_name":"ahmari","domain_name":"qom","page_name":"hodaahmari","display_name":"hoda ahmari","profile_url":"https://qom.academia.edu/hodaahmari?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80759492 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80759492"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80759492, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80759492", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_80759492 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80759492; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_80759492"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_80759492 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80759492"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80759492; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80759492]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80759492").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80759492").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80759492"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80759492]'), work: {"id":80759492,"title":"The impacts of inhalation aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on students’ test anxiety: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial","created_at":"2022-06-05T11:02:55.886-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80759492/The_impacts_of_inhalation_aromatherapy_with_lavender_essential_oil_on_students_test_anxiety_a_randomized_placebo_controlled_clinical_trial?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_80759492","summary":"Background: Test anxiety (TA) can hinder students' academic achievement and cause them educational decline and psychological problems. Objective: The effect of inhalation aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on nursing students' test anxiety was investigated. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study was conducted on 33 nursing students who had taken the Community Health Nursing II course and were going to take its final exam. Before taking the exam of the course, the students were allocated to the aromatherapy (n = 16) and the control groups (n = 17). For the aromatherapy group, ten drops of lavender essential oil was added to one liter of water and the solution was distributed in the room space for fifteen minutes by using a humidifier. However, the humidifier which was used for the control group included of only pure water without any essential oil. The students' test anxiety was measured both before and after the study intervention by employing the Test Anxiety Inventory. Results: There was no significant difference between the study groups regarding the participating students' demographic characteristics as well as the pretest and the posttest values of test anxiety. However, within-group comparisons indicated that in the aromatherapy group, the posttest value of test anxiety was significantly lower than the pretest value. Conclusions: The findings indicated that inhalation aromatherapy with lavender essential oil had no positive effects on students' test anxiety. However, as the level of test anxiety in the aromatherapy group decreased significantly after the intervention and the students in this group reported that aromatherapy was pleasant to them. Aromatherapy is probably insignificant in alleviating acute or state anxieties.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87034493,"asset_id":80759492,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1727351,"first_name":"hoda","last_name":"ahmari","domain_name":"qom","page_name":"hodaahmari","display_name":"hoda ahmari","profile_url":"https://qom.academia.edu/hodaahmari?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79364347" data-work_id="79364347" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79364347/Phytochemical_Screening_and_Antimicrobial_Activity_of_Lemon_Grass_against_Selected_Pyogenic_Bacteria">Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Lemon Grass against Selected Pyogenic Bacteria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This investigation of phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity is conducted on the Ethanolic extracts of Lemon grass against the pyogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogens and pseudomonas... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_79364347" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This investigation of phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity is conducted on the Ethanolic extracts of Lemon grass against the pyogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogens and pseudomonas aeruginosa. The leaves of Lemon grass are evaluated and pounded for this study and extract is prepared by using ethanol as a solvent. Now the various concentrations of solvents were evaluated for the Phytochemical screening where various active present compounds and their presence is evaluated with the help of various tests and these concentrations are also used against the selected microbes for antimicrobial testing against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogens and pseudomonas aeruginosa. The effectiveness of this plant and their part against these pyogenic bacteria's are evaluated and reported that help in the development of various antimicrobial drugs that are based on the natural products like plants. These drugs are very much effective against drug resistant bacteria's as well as they have less adverse effects.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79364347" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8130725d722176937265b42085a6752d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86104508,"asset_id":79364347,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86104508/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="210168638" href="https://subharti.academia.edu/AnshuSingh">Anshu Singh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="210168638" type="text/json">{"id":210168638,"first_name":"Anshu","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"subharti","page_name":"AnshuSingh","display_name":"Anshu Singh","profile_url":"https://subharti.academia.edu/AnshuSingh?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/210168638/69833311/58239609/s65_anshu.singh.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79364347 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79364347"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79364347, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79364347", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_79364347 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79364347; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_79364347"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_79364347 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79364347"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79364347; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79364347]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_79364347").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_79364347").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="79364347"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=79364347]'), work: {"id":79364347,"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Lemon Grass against Selected Pyogenic Bacteria","created_at":"2022-05-18T02:20:56.866-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79364347/Phytochemical_Screening_and_Antimicrobial_Activity_of_Lemon_Grass_against_Selected_Pyogenic_Bacteria?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_79364347","summary":"This investigation of phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity is conducted on the Ethanolic extracts of Lemon grass against the pyogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogens and pseudomonas aeruginosa. The leaves of Lemon grass are evaluated and pounded for this study and extract is prepared by using ethanol as a solvent. Now the various concentrations of solvents were evaluated for the Phytochemical screening where various active present compounds and their presence is evaluated with the help of various tests and these concentrations are also used against the selected microbes for antimicrobial testing against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogens and pseudomonas aeruginosa. The effectiveness of this plant and their part against these pyogenic bacteria's are evaluated and reported that help in the development of various antimicrobial drugs that are based on the natural products like plants. These drugs are very much effective against drug resistant bacteria's as well as they have less adverse effects.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86104508,"asset_id":79364347,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":210168638,"first_name":"Anshu","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"subharti","page_name":"AnshuSingh","display_name":"Anshu Singh","profile_url":"https://subharti.academia.edu/AnshuSingh?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/210168638/69833311/58239609/s65_anshu.singh.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78658493" data-work_id="78658493" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78658493/Combating_of_scorpion_bite_with_Pakistani_medicinal_plants_having_ethno_botanical_evidences_as_antidote">Combating of scorpion bite with Pakistani medicinal plants having ethno-botanical evidences as antidote</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Although the majority of serious cases in the world are concerned with snake bite envenomation, but those which are caused by scorpion stings are also famous for causing extreme pain. The present view is an attempt to enlist... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78658493" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Although the majority of serious cases in the world are concerned with snake bite envenomation, but those which are caused by scorpion stings are also famous for causing extreme pain. The present view is an attempt to enlist scientifically ignored medicinal plants of Pakistan exhibiting anti-scorpion venom activity. In this review data of 35 medicinal plants is collected with their families, parts used, distribution in Pakistan, and major constituents present in plant. Amaranthaceae, Astraceae and Euphorbiaceae represent 3 species. Anacardiaceae, Asclepidaceae and Liliaceae represent 2 species. Araceae, Capparidaceae, Ceasalpinaceae, Cyperaceae, Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Meliaceae, Menispermaceae, Oleaceae, Oxalidaceae, Pinaceae, Polygonaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae, Valerianaceae and Zingiberaceae represented single medicinal plant with anti scorpion potential. According to literature, all parts are used in anti scorpion envenomination. Leaves exhibit 30%, whole plant 9%, fru...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78658493" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5845e7b6f776aac2403bdd37949157a0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85629583,"asset_id":78658493,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85629583/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8004152" href="https://instiutebiochemistrybalcohistanquettapakistan.academia.edu/ashifsajjad">ashif sajjad</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8004152" type="text/json">{"id":8004152,"first_name":"ashif","last_name":"sajjad","domain_name":"instiutebiochemistrybalcohistanquettapakistan","page_name":"ashifsajjad","display_name":"ashif sajjad","profile_url":"https://instiutebiochemistrybalcohistanquettapakistan.academia.edu/ashifsajjad?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8004152/2923127/3418974/s65_ashif.sajjad.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78658493 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78658493"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78658493, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78658493", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_78658493 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78658493; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_78658493"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_78658493 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78658493"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78658493; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78658493]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_78658493").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_78658493").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="78658493"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1700" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany">Ethnobotany</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1700" type="text/json">{"id":1700,"name":"Ethnobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4086" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine">Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4086" type="text/json">{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7361" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7361" type="text/json">{"id":7361,"name":"Pakistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=78658493]'), work: {"id":78658493,"title":"Combating of scorpion bite with Pakistani medicinal plants having ethno-botanical evidences as antidote","created_at":"2022-05-07T02:00:51.272-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/78658493/Combating_of_scorpion_bite_with_Pakistani_medicinal_plants_having_ethno_botanical_evidences_as_antidote?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_78658493","summary":"Although the majority of serious cases in the world are concerned with snake bite envenomation, but those which are caused by scorpion stings are also famous for causing extreme pain. The present view is an attempt to enlist scientifically ignored medicinal plants of Pakistan exhibiting anti-scorpion venom activity. In this review data of 35 medicinal plants is collected with their families, parts used, distribution in Pakistan, and major constituents present in plant. Amaranthaceae, Astraceae and Euphorbiaceae represent 3 species. Anacardiaceae, Asclepidaceae and Liliaceae represent 2 species. Araceae, Capparidaceae, Ceasalpinaceae, Cyperaceae, Labiatae, Lamiaceae, Meliaceae, Menispermaceae, Oleaceae, Oxalidaceae, Pinaceae, Polygonaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae, Valerianaceae and Zingiberaceae represented single medicinal plant with anti scorpion potential. According to literature, all parts are used in anti scorpion envenomination. Leaves exhibit 30%, whole plant 9%, fru...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85629583,"asset_id":78658493,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8004152,"first_name":"ashif","last_name":"sajjad","domain_name":"instiutebiochemistrybalcohistanquettapakistan","page_name":"ashifsajjad","display_name":"ashif sajjad","profile_url":"https://instiutebiochemistrybalcohistanquettapakistan.academia.edu/ashifsajjad?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8004152/2923127/3418974/s65_ashif.sajjad.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1700,"name":"Ethnobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":7361,"name":"Pakistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":52027,"name":"Phytotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytotherapy?f_ri=15019"},{"id":184991,"name":"SCORPIONS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SCORPIONS?f_ri=15019"},{"id":373895,"name":"medicinal \u0026 Aromatic plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/medicinal_and_Aromatic_plants?f_ri=15019"},{"id":612123,"name":"Bites and Stings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bites_and_Stings?f_ri=15019"},{"id":2772219,"name":"Antidotes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antidotes?f_ri=15019"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75259043" data-work_id="75259043" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75259043/Cultural_Importance_and_Use_of_Medicinal_Plants_in_the_Shipibo_Conibo_Native_Community_of_Vencedor_Loreto_Peru">Cultural Importance and Use of Medicinal Plants in the Shipibo-Conibo Native Community of Vencedor (Loreto) Peru</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The main objectives of this research were to determine which medicinal plants are culturally most important for the native community of Vencedor as well as testing a new measure of the cultural importance of medicinal plants that can be... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75259043" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The main objectives of this research were to determine which medicinal plants are culturally most important for the native community of Vencedor as well as testing a new measure of the cultural importance of medicinal plants that can be used outside of this one particular case. Data were collected through participant observation, informal conversation, and semi-structured and structured interviews to 31 heads of family. According to the Cultural Significance for Conservation Index (CSCI) developed, significant species were Petiveria alliacea L., Jatropha gossypifolia L., Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A.H.Gentry, Hura crepitans L., and Banisteriopsis caapi (Spruce ex Griseb.) C.V.Morton. Our index showed a significant correlation with the other indices considered in this paper. We conclude that CSCI is a good indicator of the cultural importance of medicinal plants and that it can be useful in cases where there is a need to recognize which culturally important plants are more vulnerable.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75259043" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0730dcca356872444c4c5fd2a54104dd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83100093,"asset_id":75259043,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83100093/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="83296" href="https://lamolina.academia.edu/MariadelosAngelesLaTorreCuadros">Maria de los Angeles La Torre Cuadros</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="83296" type="text/json">{"id":83296,"first_name":"Maria de los Angeles","last_name":"La Torre Cuadros","domain_name":"lamolina","page_name":"MariadelosAngelesLaTorreCuadros","display_name":"Maria de los Angeles La Torre Cuadros","profile_url":"https://lamolina.academia.edu/MariadelosAngelesLaTorreCuadros?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/83296/84836/19086298/s65_maria_de_los_angeles.la_torre_cuadros.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75259043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75259043"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75259043, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75259043", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75259043]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75259043").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75259043").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75259043"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography">Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="261" type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1700" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany">Ethnobotany</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1700" type="text/json">{"id":1700,"name":"Ethnobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2809" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation">Conservation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2809" type="text/json">{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development">Sustainable Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4524" type="text/json">{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75259043]'), work: {"id":75259043,"title":"Cultural Importance and Use of Medicinal Plants in the Shipibo-Conibo Native Community of Vencedor (Loreto) Peru","created_at":"2022-04-02T14:31:11.477-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75259043/Cultural_Importance_and_Use_of_Medicinal_Plants_in_the_Shipibo_Conibo_Native_Community_of_Vencedor_Loreto_Peru?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_75259043","summary":"The main objectives of this research were to determine which medicinal plants are culturally most important for the native community of Vencedor as well as testing a new measure of the cultural importance of medicinal plants that can be used outside of this one particular case. Data were collected through participant observation, informal conversation, and semi-structured and structured interviews to 31 heads of family. According to the Cultural Significance for Conservation Index (CSCI) developed, significant species were Petiveria alliacea L., Jatropha gossypifolia L., Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A.H.Gentry, Hura crepitans L., and Banisteriopsis caapi (Spruce ex Griseb.) C.V.Morton. Our index showed a significant correlation with the other indices considered in this paper. We conclude that CSCI is a good indicator of the cultural importance of medicinal plants and that it can be useful in cases where there is a need to recognize which culturally important plants are more vulnerable.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83100093,"asset_id":75259043,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":83296,"first_name":"Maria de los Angeles","last_name":"La Torre Cuadros","domain_name":"lamolina","page_name":"MariadelosAngelesLaTorreCuadros","display_name":"Maria de los Angeles La Torre Cuadros","profile_url":"https://lamolina.academia.edu/MariadelosAngelesLaTorreCuadros?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/83296/84836/19086298/s65_maria_de_los_angeles.la_torre_cuadros.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":1700,"name":"Ethnobotany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnobotany?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=15019"},{"id":6555,"name":"Shamanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shamanism?f_ri=15019"},{"id":7649,"name":"Traditional Ecological Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Ecological_Knowledge?f_ri=15019"},{"id":8331,"name":"Indigenous Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Knowledge?f_ri=15019"},{"id":10227,"name":"Amazonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amazonia?f_ri=15019"},{"id":12620,"name":"Quantitative Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_Methods?f_ri=15019"},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=15019"},{"id":19495,"name":"Indigenous Peoples","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Peoples?f_ri=15019"},{"id":69550,"name":"Economic botany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_botany?f_ri=15019"},{"id":608303,"name":"Shipibo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipibo?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72278500" data-work_id="72278500" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72278500/Antibacterial_potential_of_Calotropis_procera_flower_extract_against_various_pathogens">Antibacterial potential of Calotropis procera (flower) extract against various pathogens</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Increased bacterial resistance towards commonly used antibiotics has become a debated issue all over the world in a last few decades. Due to this, consumer demand towards natural anti-microbial agents is increasing day by day. Natural... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72278500" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Increased bacterial resistance towards commonly used antibiotics has become a debated issue all over the world in a last few decades. Due to this, consumer demand towards natural anti-microbial agents is increasing day by day. Natural anti-microbial agents have gained enormous attention as an alternative therapeutic agent in pharmaceutical industry. Current study is an effort to explore and identify a bactericidal potential of various solvent extracts of Calotropis procera flower. Flowers of C. procera were extracted with hexane, butanol, ethyl acetate and aqua to evaluate the antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method against the various human pathogens. The microorganisms used in this study includes Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli (O157:H7), Micrococcus luteus KIBGE-IB20 (Gen Bank accession: JQ250612) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) KIBGE-IB23 (Gen Bank accession: KC465400). Zones of inhibition were observed against all four pathogenic strains. ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72278500" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="013df9f0aa8651b7d37051dc90e5753a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81269047,"asset_id":72278500,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81269047/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="120899796" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AsmaAnsariKIBGE">Asma Ansari (KIBGE)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="120899796" type="text/json">{"id":120899796,"first_name":"Asma Ansari","last_name":"(KIBGE)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AsmaAnsariKIBGE","display_name":"Asma Ansari (KIBGE)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AsmaAnsariKIBGE?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72278500 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72278500"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72278500, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72278500", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72278500 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72278500; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72278500"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72278500 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72278500"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72278500; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72278500]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72278500").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72278500").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72278500"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52027" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytotherapy">Phytotherapy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="52027" type="text/json">{"id":52027,"name":"Phytotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytotherapy?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72278500]'), work: {"id":72278500,"title":"Antibacterial potential of Calotropis procera (flower) extract against various pathogens","created_at":"2022-02-22T20:24:33.734-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72278500/Antibacterial_potential_of_Calotropis_procera_flower_extract_against_various_pathogens?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_72278500","summary":"Increased bacterial resistance towards commonly used antibiotics has become a debated issue all over the world in a last few decades. Due to this, consumer demand towards natural anti-microbial agents is increasing day by day. Natural anti-microbial agents have gained enormous attention as an alternative therapeutic agent in pharmaceutical industry. Current study is an effort to explore and identify a bactericidal potential of various solvent extracts of Calotropis procera flower. Flowers of C. procera were extracted with hexane, butanol, ethyl acetate and aqua to evaluate the antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method against the various human pathogens. The microorganisms used in this study includes Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli (O157:H7), Micrococcus luteus KIBGE-IB20 (Gen Bank accession: JQ250612) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) KIBGE-IB23 (Gen Bank accession: KC465400). Zones of inhibition were observed against all four pathogenic strains. ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81269047,"asset_id":72278500,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":120899796,"first_name":"Asma Ansari","last_name":"(KIBGE)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AsmaAnsariKIBGE","display_name":"Asma Ansari (KIBGE)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AsmaAnsariKIBGE?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":52027,"name":"Phytotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytotherapy?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=15019"},{"id":130822,"name":"Flowers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flowers?f_ri=15019"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents?f_ri=15019"},{"id":354056,"name":"Plant extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts?f_ri=15019"},{"id":373895,"name":"medicinal \u0026 Aromatic plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/medicinal_and_Aromatic_plants?f_ri=15019"},{"id":911623,"name":"Calotropis Procera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calotropis_Procera?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1745595,"name":"Solvents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solvents?f_ri=15019"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69298147" data-work_id="69298147" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69298147/Traditional_knowledge_of_Kani_tribals_in_Kouthalai_of_Tirunelveli_hills_Tamil_Nadu_India">Traditional knowledge of Kani tribals in Kouthalai of Tirunelveli hills, Tamil Nadu, India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An ethnobotanical survey was carried out among the ethnic groups (Kani/Kanikaran) in Southern Western Ghats of India. T raditional uses of 54 plant species belonging to 26 families are described under this study. In this communication,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69298147" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An ethnobotanical survey was carried out among the ethnic groups (Kani/Kanikaran) in Southern Western Ghats of India. T raditional uses of 54 plant species belonging to 26 families are described under this study. In this communication, the information got from the tribals were compared with the already existing literature on ethnobotany of India. T he documented ethnomedicinal plants were mostly used to cure skin diseases, poison bites, wounds and rheumatism. T he medicinal plants used by kanis are arranged alphabetically followed by family name, local name, major chemical constituents, parts used, mode of preparation and medicinal uses. Purchase Export Female demographic disadvantage in India 1981-1991: Sex selective abortions and female infanticide, along with this, the protoplanetary cloud against the law induces pulsar. Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69298147" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5c2db2cf3ffcba27f7501bc4d7f37faf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79447407,"asset_id":69298147,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79447407/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49607478" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MuniappanAyyanar">Muniappan Ayyanar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49607478" type="text/json">{"id":49607478,"first_name":"Muniappan","last_name":"Ayyanar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MuniappanAyyanar","display_name":"Muniappan Ayyanar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MuniappanAyyanar?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69298147 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69298147"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69298147, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69298147", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69298147]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69298147").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69298147").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69298147"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography">Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="261" type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4083" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14032" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology">Ethnopharmacology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14032" type="text/json">{"id":14032,"name":"Ethnopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69298147]'), work: {"id":69298147,"title":"Traditional knowledge of Kani tribals in Kouthalai of Tirunelveli hills, Tamil Nadu, India","created_at":"2022-01-23T18:24:36.170-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69298147/Traditional_knowledge_of_Kani_tribals_in_Kouthalai_of_Tirunelveli_hills_Tamil_Nadu_India?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_69298147","summary":"An ethnobotanical survey was carried out among the ethnic groups (Kani/Kanikaran) in Southern Western Ghats of India. T raditional uses of 54 plant species belonging to 26 families are described under this study. In this communication, the information got from the tribals were compared with the already existing literature on ethnobotany of India. T he documented ethnomedicinal plants were mostly used to cure skin diseases, poison bites, wounds and rheumatism. T he medicinal plants used by kanis are arranged alphabetically followed by family name, local name, major chemical constituents, parts used, mode of preparation and medicinal uses. Purchase Export Female demographic disadvantage in India 1981-1991: Sex selective abortions and female infanticide, along with this, the protoplanetary cloud against the law induces pulsar. Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79447407,"asset_id":69298147,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49607478,"first_name":"Muniappan","last_name":"Ayyanar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MuniappanAyyanar","display_name":"Muniappan Ayyanar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MuniappanAyyanar?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":14032,"name":"Ethnopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019"},{"id":20770,"name":"Tamil Nadu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tamil_Nadu?f_ri=15019"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=15019"},{"id":31239,"name":"Traditional Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Knowledge?f_ri=15019"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=15019"},{"id":44096,"name":"Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge?f_ri=15019"},{"id":52027,"name":"Phytotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytotherapy?f_ri=15019"},{"id":60107,"name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Chinese_Medicine?f_ri=15019"},{"id":77039,"name":"Western Ghats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Ghats?f_ri=15019"},{"id":413189,"name":"Ethnic Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Group?f_ri=15019"},{"id":528985,"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=15019"},{"id":586072,"name":"Plant species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_species?f_ri=15019"},{"id":587952,"name":"Skin Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin_Disease?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1134083,"name":"Medicinal Plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plant?f_ri=15019"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66828824" data-work_id="66828824" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66828824/Ethnobotanical_study_of_medicinal_plants_in_the_Blue_Nile_State_South_eastern_Sudan">Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in the Blue Nile State, South-eastern Sudan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by traditional healers was carried out in the Blue Nile State, South-eastern Sudan. Information was obtained through conversations with traditional healers with the aid of semi-structured... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66828824" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by traditional healers was carried out in the Blue Nile State, South-eastern Sudan. Information was obtained through conversations with traditional healers with the aid of semi-structured questionnaires. Informant consensus, ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66828824" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e13be0afdb59ef2467cc59744292e619" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77872417,"asset_id":66828824,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77872417/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="179610206" href="https://independent.academia.edu/lubnaahmed46">lubna ahmed</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="179610206" type="text/json">{"id":179610206,"first_name":"lubna","last_name":"ahmed","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"lubnaahmed46","display_name":"lubna ahmed","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/lubnaahmed46?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66828824 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66828824"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66828824, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66828824", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66828824 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66828824; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66828824"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66828824 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66828824"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66828824; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66828824]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66828824").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66828824").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66828824"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66828824]'), work: {"id":66828824,"title":"Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in the Blue Nile State, South-eastern Sudan","created_at":"2022-01-01T20:26:41.308-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66828824/Ethnobotanical_study_of_medicinal_plants_in_the_Blue_Nile_State_South_eastern_Sudan?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_66828824","summary":"Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by traditional healers was carried out in the Blue Nile State, South-eastern Sudan. Information was obtained through conversations with traditional healers with the aid of semi-structured questionnaires. Informant consensus, ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77872417,"asset_id":66828824,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":179610206,"first_name":"lubna","last_name":"ahmed","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"lubnaahmed46","display_name":"lubna ahmed","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/lubnaahmed46?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66115702 coauthored" data-work_id="66115702" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66115702/Traditional_Latvian_herbal_medicinal_plants_used_to_treat_parasite_infections_of_small_ruminants_A_review">Traditional Latvian herbal medicinal plants used to treat parasite infections of small ruminants: A review</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Numerous treatment agents offering prophylaxis against livestock parasites are commercially available. However, because of increasing antiparasitic drug resistance, the increased popularity of environmentally friendly lifestyle choices,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66115702" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Numerous treatment agents offering prophylaxis against livestock parasites are commercially available. However, because of increasing antiparasitic drug resistance, the increased popularity of environmentally friendly lifestyle choices, and organic farming, there is more demand for new alternatives to livestock anthelmintic control strategies and medications. It is important to develop antiparasitics that are safe, effective, inexpensive, and environmentally safe. Local, traditional herbal plants such as tansy, mugwort, wormwood, and heather may serve as treatments for intestinal parasites of sheep. This overview provides knowledge of traditional Latvian plants with antiparasitic activities to establish a database for further research to develop new herbal antiparasitic drugs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66115702" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b9d26779a60cf40849d1063d481700b7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77434605,"asset_id":66115702,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77434605/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="144389088" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DaceKeid%C4%81ne">Dace Keidāne</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="144389088" type="text/json">{"id":144389088,"first_name":"Dace","last_name":"Keidāne","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DaceKeidāne","display_name":"Dace Keidāne","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DaceKeid%C4%81ne?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-66115702">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-66115702"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/RenateSukele">Renate Sukele</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-66115702'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-66115702').html(); 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It is the single most important toxin-related injury, causing substantial mortality in many parts of the Africa, Asia, and the Americas. A... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51947646" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Snake bite is a result of an unfortunate accidental interaction between a snake and a human victim. It is the single most important toxin-related injury, causing substantial mortality in many parts of the Africa, Asia, and the Americas. A World Health Organization-funded study estimated about 8,000 cases of snakebite with over 20% mortality in Bangladesh annually. A medically important land snake in Bangladesh includes the krait, cobras, and vipers. Medically important snake species are the ones that fall into one of the three categories: bite usually causes death or disability. Snake venom is highly modified saliva (Reptile Venom Research) that is produced by special glands) of certain species of snakes. The glands which secrete the zootoxin are a modification of the parotid salivary gland of other vertebrates, and are usually situated on each side of the head below and behind the eye, encapsulated in a muscular sheath. The glands have large alveoli in which venom is stored before ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51947646" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fd6351bbf5e6a160c5146579575417ab" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69440427,"asset_id":51947646,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69440427/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="152472561" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NazmulHasan461">Nazmul Hasan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="152472561" type="text/json">{"id":152472561,"first_name":"Nazmul","last_name":"Hasan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NazmulHasan461","display_name":"Nazmul Hasan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NazmulHasan461?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/152472561/95459387/84460758/s65_nazmul.hasan.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51947646 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51947646"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51947646, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51947646", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51947646]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51947646").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51947646").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51947646"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4083" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34713" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Snake_venoms">Snake venoms</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34713" type="text/json">{"id":34713,"name":"Snake venoms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Snake_venoms?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Snakes">Snakes</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="134021" type="text/json">{"id":134021,"name":"Snakes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Snakes?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51947646]'), work: {"id":51947646,"title":"Use of Medicinal Plants against snake venom to Treat Snake Bite by Folk Medicinal Practitioners in Barandra and Shamatat region of Bangladesh","created_at":"2021-09-12T02:06:24.550-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51947646/Use_of_Medicinal_Plants_against_snake_venom_to_Treat_Snake_Bite_by_Folk_Medicinal_Practitioners_in_Barandra_and_Shamatat_region_of_Bangladesh?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_51947646","summary":"Snake bite is a result of an unfortunate accidental interaction between a snake and a human victim. It is the single most important toxin-related injury, causing substantial mortality in many parts of the Africa, Asia, and the Americas. A World Health Organization-funded study estimated about 8,000 cases of snakebite with over 20% mortality in Bangladesh annually. A medically important land snake in Bangladesh includes the krait, cobras, and vipers. Medically important snake species are the ones that fall into one of the three categories: bite usually causes death or disability. Snake venom is highly modified saliva (Reptile Venom Research) that is produced by special glands) of certain species of snakes. The glands which secrete the zootoxin are a modification of the parotid salivary gland of other vertebrates, and are usually situated on each side of the head below and behind the eye, encapsulated in a muscular sheath. The glands have large alveoli in which venom is stored before ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69440427,"asset_id":51947646,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":152472561,"first_name":"Nazmul","last_name":"Hasan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NazmulHasan461","display_name":"Nazmul Hasan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NazmulHasan461?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/152472561/95459387/84460758/s65_nazmul.hasan.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":34713,"name":"Snake venoms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Snake_venoms?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":134021,"name":"Snakes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Snakes?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":264835,"name":"Reptile Toxinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reptile_Toxinology?f_ri=15019"},{"id":287871,"name":"Antivenom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antivenom?f_ri=15019"},{"id":668486,"name":"Snake Venom Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Snake_Venom_Research?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_775998" data-work_id="775998" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/775998/Antidiabetic_activity_of_alcoholic_stem_extract_of_Coscinium_fenestratum_in_streptozotocin_nicotinamide_induced_type_2_diabetic_rats">Antidiabetic activity of alcoholic stem extract of Coscinium fenestratum in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ethnopharmacological relevance: Nervilia plicata (Orchidaceae) has long been used in the antidiabetic medicinal preparations of traditional healers of Wayanad (Kerala), but recuperative potential of the plant was remained undefined. We... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_775998" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ethnopharmacological relevance: Nervilia plicata (Orchidaceae) has long been used in the antidiabetic medicinal preparations of traditional healers of Wayanad (Kerala), but recuperative potential of the plant was remained undefined. We demonstrated the regenerative potential of the plant extract on kidney affected by type 2 diabetes besides lowering blood glucose. Aim of the study: The aim of the current study was to investigate the recuperative and regenerative potential of alcoholic stem extract of Nervilia plicata on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic models. Materials and methods: Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was induced in overnight fasted rats by intramuscular injection (IMI) of 60 mg/kg STZ and 120 mg/kg of nicotinamide after 5 min interval. Blood glucose was assessed by a glucometer, serum urea and creatinine levels were determined by diacetylmonooxime method and Jaffe reaction respectively. Kidney sections were taken and stained with Masson's tri-dye and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and examined for structural changes. Also lipid peroxidation product (LPP) levels were determined as thio barbituric acid reactive substance levels (TBARS) method. Results: On administration of 5 mg/kg of plant extract, blood glucose levels of the NIDDM rats showed 62.00 and 76.29% decrease in the blood glucose levels on day 0 and day 30 respectively. Damages caused to the kidney tissue were negligible or not seen. Serum urea and creatinine levels showed 61.49 and 70.96% decrease on day 30. LPP levels of kidney and pancreas showed 70.58 and 77.41% decrease respectively. Conclusion: These results demonstrate significant antidiabetic and regenerative potential of the Nervilia plicata, justifying the use of plant in the indigenous system of medicine. Isolation and characterisation of the compound(s) playing pivotal role in the cure would open new vistas in the therapy of type 2 diabetes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/775998" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="67a2efaba3d424038a05a94c956b1f32" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51242786,"asset_id":775998,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51242786/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="199643" href="https://gulfmedical.academia.edu/AnnieShirwaikar">Annie Shirwaikar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="199643" type="text/json">{"id":199643,"first_name":"Annie","last_name":"Shirwaikar","domain_name":"gulfmedical","page_name":"AnnieShirwaikar","display_name":"Annie Shirwaikar","profile_url":"https://gulfmedical.academia.edu/AnnieShirwaikar?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/199643/2779529/3240651/s65_annie.shirwaikar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_775998 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="775998"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 775998, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_775998", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=775998]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_775998").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_775998").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="775998"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">29</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4083" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4086" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine">Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4086" type="text/json">{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14032" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology">Ethnopharmacology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14032" type="text/json">{"id":14032,"name":"Ethnopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=775998]'), work: {"id":775998,"title":"Antidiabetic activity of alcoholic stem extract of Coscinium fenestratum in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats","created_at":"2011-07-25T14:20:06.437-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/775998/Antidiabetic_activity_of_alcoholic_stem_extract_of_Coscinium_fenestratum_in_streptozotocin_nicotinamide_induced_type_2_diabetic_rats?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_775998","summary":"Ethnopharmacological relevance: Nervilia plicata (Orchidaceae) has long been used in the antidiabetic medicinal preparations of traditional healers of Wayanad (Kerala), but recuperative potential of the plant was remained undefined. We demonstrated the regenerative potential of the plant extract on kidney affected by type 2 diabetes besides lowering blood glucose. Aim of the study: The aim of the current study was to investigate the recuperative and regenerative potential of alcoholic stem extract of Nervilia plicata on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic models. Materials and methods: Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was induced in overnight fasted rats by intramuscular injection (IMI) of 60 mg/kg STZ and 120 mg/kg of nicotinamide after 5 min interval. Blood glucose was assessed by a glucometer, serum urea and creatinine levels were determined by diacetylmonooxime method and Jaffe reaction respectively. Kidney sections were taken and stained with Masson's tri-dye and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and examined for structural changes. Also lipid peroxidation product (LPP) levels were determined as thio barbituric acid reactive substance levels (TBARS) method. Results: On administration of 5 mg/kg of plant extract, blood glucose levels of the NIDDM rats showed 62.00 and 76.29% decrease in the blood glucose levels on day 0 and day 30 respectively. Damages caused to the kidney tissue were negligible or not seen. Serum urea and creatinine levels showed 61.49 and 70.96% decrease on day 30. LPP levels of kidney and pancreas showed 70.58 and 77.41% decrease respectively. Conclusion: These results demonstrate significant antidiabetic and regenerative potential of the Nervilia plicata, justifying the use of plant in the indigenous system of medicine. Isolation and characterisation of the compound(s) playing pivotal role in the cure would open new vistas in the therapy of type 2 diabetes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51242786,"asset_id":775998,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":199643,"first_name":"Annie","last_name":"Shirwaikar","domain_name":"gulfmedical","page_name":"AnnieShirwaikar","display_name":"Annie Shirwaikar","profile_url":"https://gulfmedical.academia.edu/AnnieShirwaikar?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/199643/2779529/3240651/s65_annie.shirwaikar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":14032,"name":"Ethnopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=15019"},{"id":52027,"name":"Phytotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytotherapy?f_ri=15019"},{"id":71294,"name":"Kidney","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney?f_ri=15019"},{"id":71300,"name":"Blood Glucose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Glucose?f_ri=15019"},{"id":71511,"name":"Diabetes mellitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes_mellitus?f_ri=15019"},{"id":121705,"name":"Ethanol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethanol?f_ri=15019"},{"id":146242,"name":"Urea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urea?f_ri=15019"},{"id":233372,"name":"Lipid peroxidation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipid_peroxidation?f_ri=15019"},{"id":243629,"name":"Lancet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lancet?f_ri=15019"},{"id":261723,"name":"Orchidaceae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orchidaceae?f_ri=15019"},{"id":354056,"name":"Plant extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts?f_ri=15019"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=15019"},{"id":453923,"name":"Oral Hypoglycemic Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_Hypoglycemic_Agents?f_ri=15019"},{"id":564878,"name":"Body Weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Weight?f_ri=15019"},{"id":564879,"name":"Wistar Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wistar_Rats?f_ri=15019"},{"id":732398,"name":"Plant Extract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Extract?f_ri=15019"},{"id":790002,"name":"Streptozotocin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Streptozotocin?f_ri=15019"},{"id":915951,"name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Type_2_Diabetes_Mellitus?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1031967,"name":"Diabetic Rat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetic_Rat?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1134083,"name":"Medicinal Plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plant?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1244809,"name":"Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thiobarbituric_Acid_Reactive_Substance?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1438730,"name":"Creatinine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creatinine?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1452649,"name":"Fasting Blood Glucose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fasting_Blood_Glucose?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1850893,"name":"Serum lipids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serum_lipids?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_915214" data-work_id="915214" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/915214/Effect_of_some_Indian_herbs_on_macrophage_functions_in_ochratoxin_A_treated_mice">Effect of some Indian herbs on macrophage functions in ochratoxin A treated mice</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The effect of Indian herbs namely, Asparagus racemosus, Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera and Picrorhiza kurrooa on the functions of macrophages obtained from mice treated with the carcinogen ochratoxin A (OTA) was investigated.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_915214" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The effect of Indian herbs namely, Asparagus racemosus, Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera and Picrorhiza kurrooa on the functions of macrophages obtained from mice treated with the carcinogen ochratoxin A (OTA) was investigated. The chemotactic activity of murine macrophages was significantly decreased by 17 weeks of treatment with OTA compared with controls. Production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was also markedly reduced. Treatment with Asparagus racemosus, Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera and Picrorhiza kurrooa significantly inhibited OTA-induced suppression of chemotactic activity and production of IL-1 and TNF-h by macropahges. Moreover, we found that Withania somnifera treated macrophage chemotaxis and that Asparagus racemosus induced excess production of TNF-h when compared with controls. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/915214" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4d3914ca1828a2f512e0b6b7295508ad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51167121,"asset_id":915214,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51167121/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="736720" href="https://igkv.academia.edu/ShekharChandu">Shekhar Chandu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="736720" type="text/json">{"id":736720,"first_name":"Shekhar","last_name":"Chandu","domain_name":"igkv","page_name":"ShekharChandu","display_name":"Shekhar Chandu","profile_url":"https://igkv.academia.edu/ShekharChandu?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/736720/251504/297231/s65_shekhar.chandu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_915214 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="915214"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 915214, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_915214", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=915214]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_915214").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_915214").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="915214"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2702" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response">Immune response</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2702" type="text/json">{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4083" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4086" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine">Traditional Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4086" type="text/json">{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=915214]'), work: {"id":915214,"title":"Effect of some Indian herbs on macrophage functions in ochratoxin A treated mice","created_at":"2011-09-14T02:44:12.642-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/915214/Effect_of_some_Indian_herbs_on_macrophage_functions_in_ochratoxin_A_treated_mice?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_915214","summary":"The effect of Indian herbs namely, Asparagus racemosus, Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera and Picrorhiza kurrooa on the functions of macrophages obtained from mice treated with the carcinogen ochratoxin A (OTA) was investigated. The chemotactic activity of murine macrophages was significantly decreased by 17 weeks of treatment with OTA compared with controls. Production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was also markedly reduced. Treatment with Asparagus racemosus, Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera and Picrorhiza kurrooa significantly inhibited OTA-induced suppression of chemotactic activity and production of IL-1 and TNF-h by macropahges. Moreover, we found that Withania somnifera treated macrophage chemotaxis and that Asparagus racemosus induced excess production of TNF-h when compared with controls. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51167121,"asset_id":915214,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":736720,"first_name":"Shekhar","last_name":"Chandu","domain_name":"igkv","page_name":"ShekharChandu","display_name":"Shekhar Chandu","profile_url":"https://igkv.academia.edu/ShekharChandu?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/736720/251504/297231/s65_shekhar.chandu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":4086,"name":"Traditional Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":14032,"name":"Ethnopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology?f_ri=15019"},{"id":14080,"name":"Pharmacognosy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacognosy?f_ri=15019"},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019"},{"id":17491,"name":"Macrophages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macrophages?f_ri=15019"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=15019"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=15019"},{"id":89724,"name":"Mycotoxins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycotoxins?f_ri=15019"},{"id":170276,"name":"Chemotaxis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemotaxis?f_ri=15019"},{"id":354056,"name":"Plant extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts?f_ri=15019"},{"id":474029,"name":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tumor_necrosis_factor-alpha?f_ri=15019"},{"id":783432,"name":"Biological activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_activity?f_ri=15019"},{"id":789968,"name":"Extract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extract?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1264054,"name":"Carcinogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carcinogen?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1272906,"name":"Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Linked_Immunosorbent_Assay?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1924712,"name":"Interleukin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interleukin?f_ri=15019"},{"id":2209812,"name":"Ochratoxin A","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ochratoxin_A?f_ri=15019"},{"id":2209854,"name":"Ochratoxins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ochratoxins?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6531514" data-work_id="6531514" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6531514/Understory_light_and_root_ginsenosides_in_forest_grown_Panax_quinquefolius">Understory light and root ginsenosides in forest-grown Panax quinquefolius</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between light levels in the understory of a broadleaf forest and the content of six ginsenosides (Rg 1 , Re, Rb 1 , Rc, Rb 2, and Rd) in 1-and 2-year-old American ginseng... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6531514" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between light levels in the understory of a broadleaf forest and the content of six ginsenosides (Rg 1 , Re, Rb 1 , Rc, Rb 2, and Rd) in 1-and 2-year-old American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) roots. Our results revealed that ginsenoside contents in 1-and 2 year-old roots collected in September were significantly related to direct and total light levels, and duration of sunflecks. At this time, the effect of light levels accounted for up to 48 and 62% of the variation in ginsenoside contents of 1-and 2-year-old American ginseng roots. Also, red (R) and far red (FR) light, and the R:FR ratio significantly affected Rd, Rc, and Rg 1 contents in 2-year-old roots, accounting for up to 40% of the variation in ginsenoside contents. Crown</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6531514" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ca733b7b4949089ba53c2cccbe7255b1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48820941,"asset_id":6531514,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48820941/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10450158" href="https://consultant.academia.edu/ShahrokhKhanizadeh">Shahrokh Khanizadeh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10450158" type="text/json">{"id":10450158,"first_name":"Shahrokh","last_name":"Khanizadeh","domain_name":"consultant","page_name":"ShahrokhKhanizadeh","display_name":"Shahrokh Khanizadeh","profile_url":"https://consultant.academia.edu/ShahrokhKhanizadeh?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10450158/3174567/38402678/s65_shahrokh.khanizadeh.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6531514 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6531514"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6531514, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6531514", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6531514]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6531514").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6531514").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6531514"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1041" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forestry">Forestry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1041" type="text/json">{"id":1041,"name":"Forestry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forestry?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1042" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horticulture">Horticulture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1042" type="text/json">{"id":1042,"name":"Horticulture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horticulture?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3057" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytochemistry">Phytochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3057" type="text/json">{"id":3057,"name":"Phytochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytochemistry?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7653" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_Ecology_And_Management">Forest Ecology And Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7653" type="text/json">{"id":7653,"name":"Forest Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6531514]'), work: {"id":6531514,"title":"Understory light and root ginsenosides in forest-grown Panax quinquefolius","created_at":"2014-03-24T10:58:34.437-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6531514/Understory_light_and_root_ginsenosides_in_forest_grown_Panax_quinquefolius?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_6531514","summary":"The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between light levels in the understory of a broadleaf forest and the content of six ginsenosides (Rg 1 , Re, Rb 1 , Rc, Rb 2, and Rd) in 1-and 2-year-old American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) roots. Our results revealed that ginsenoside contents in 1-and 2 year-old roots collected in September were significantly related to direct and total light levels, and duration of sunflecks. At this time, the effect of light levels accounted for up to 48 and 62% of the variation in ginsenoside contents of 1-and 2-year-old American ginseng roots. Also, red (R) and far red (FR) light, and the R:FR ratio significantly affected Rd, Rc, and Rg 1 contents in 2-year-old roots, accounting for up to 40% of the variation in ginsenoside contents. Crown","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48820941,"asset_id":6531514,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10450158,"first_name":"Shahrokh","last_name":"Khanizadeh","domain_name":"consultant","page_name":"ShahrokhKhanizadeh","display_name":"Shahrokh Khanizadeh","profile_url":"https://consultant.academia.edu/ShahrokhKhanizadeh?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10450158/3174567/38402678/s65_shahrokh.khanizadeh.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1041,"name":"Forestry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forestry?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":1042,"name":"Horticulture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horticulture?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":3057,"name":"Phytochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytochemistry?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":7653,"name":"Forest Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=15019"},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019"},{"id":17829,"name":"Forest Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_Ecology?f_ri=15019"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=15019"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=15019"},{"id":128057,"name":"Light","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Light?f_ri=15019"},{"id":176238,"name":"Trees","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trees?f_ri=15019"},{"id":202399,"name":"Plant Roots","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Roots?f_ri=15019"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=15019"},{"id":269496,"name":"Panax","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Panax?f_ri=15019"},{"id":387505,"name":"Light Intensity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Light_Intensity?f_ri=15019"},{"id":495603,"name":"Light Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Light_Quality?f_ri=15019"},{"id":918080,"name":"Ginseng","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ginseng?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1004836,"name":"Medicianl Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicianl_Chemistry?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1296162,"name":"Infrared Rays","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infrared_Rays?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1724844,"name":"Molecular Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Structure?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1865547,"name":"Panax quinquefolius","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Panax_quinquefolius?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1865548,"name":"Ginsenosides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ginsenosides?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9100337" data-work_id="9100337" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9100337/Comparison_of_Antioxidant_and_Antimicrobial_Activities_of_Tilia_Tilia_Argentea_Desf_Ex_DC_Sage_Salvia_Triloba_L_and_Black_Tea_Camellia_Sinensis_Extracts">Comparison of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Tilia ( Tilia Argentea Desf Ex DC) , Sage ( Salvia Triloba L .) , and Black Tea ( Camellia Sinensis ) Extracts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities as well as total phenols and flavonoids contents of Salvia glutinosa L. (glutinous sage) and Salvia officinalis L. (sage) extracts were studied. Methanol and aqueous ethanol (70% v/v) were used for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9100337" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities as well as total phenols and flavonoids contents of Salvia glutinosa L. (glutinous sage) and Salvia officinalis L. (sage) extracts were studied. Methanol and aqueous ethanol (70% v/v) were used for extraction of bioactive compounds, both in the presence and the absence of ultrasound, from herb and the spent plant material remaining after the essential oil hydrodistillation. The ratio of plant material to extracting solvent was 1:10 g/mL. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts were found to depend on the type of plant material and the extraction conditions. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71300" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Glucose">Blood Glucose</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="71300" type="text/json">{"id":71300,"name":"Blood 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Composition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Composition?f_ri=15019"},{"id":104853,"name":"Hormones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hormones?f_ri=15019"},{"id":106566,"name":"Cocaine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cocaine?f_ri=15019"},{"id":131298,"name":"Heart rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_rate?f_ri=15019"},{"id":135185,"name":"Exercise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise?f_ri=15019"},{"id":147156,"name":"Coca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coca?f_ri=15019"},{"id":162147,"name":"Applied Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Physiology?f_ri=15019"},{"id":577239,"name":"Altitude","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altitude?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1166957,"name":"Catecholamines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catecholamines?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1193624,"name":"Oxygen 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Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ethanolic extracts of five traditional Australian medicinal plants, previously shown to display antibacterial activity against laboratory strains of the Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, were... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17686222" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ethanolic extracts of five traditional Australian medicinal plants, previously shown to display antibacterial activity against laboratory strains of the Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, were investigated for their abilities to inhibit clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Using plate-hole diffusion assays, the following results were obtained: (a) extract from the leaves of Eremophila alternifolia (Myoporaceae) showed activity against MRSA; (b) extract from the leaves of Acacia kempeana (Mimosaceae) showed incomplete inhibition of VRE; (c) extracts from the leaves of Amyema quandong (Loranthaceae) and Eremophila duttonii (Myoporaceae) were active against both types of bacteria; (d) extract from the stem base of Lepidosperma viscidum (Cyperaceae) was active against MRSA and exhibited incomplete inhibition of VRE. All active extracts were evaluated using time-kill assays. Most of the extracts showed bactericidal effects and reduced the number of viable cells by 4 -6 logs within four hours, while the extracts from Acacia kempeana leaves and Lepidosperma viscidum stem base exhibited bacteriostatic activity against VRE. The extract from the leaves of Eremophila duttonii was the most active and reduced the number of viable cells of MRSA and VRE to undetectable levels within 1 hour.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17686222" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="10783a478b0905c257efb66e6b1f791f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39657465,"asset_id":17686222,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39657465/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16203970" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SusanSemple">Susan Semple</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16203970" type="text/json">{"id":16203970,"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Semple","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SusanSemple","display_name":"Susan Semple","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SusanSemple?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17686222 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17686222"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17686222, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17686222", }); 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Using plate-hole diffusion assays, the following results were obtained: (a) extract from the leaves of Eremophila alternifolia (Myoporaceae) showed activity against MRSA; (b) extract from the leaves of Acacia kempeana (Mimosaceae) showed incomplete inhibition of VRE; (c) extracts from the leaves of Amyema quandong (Loranthaceae) and Eremophila duttonii (Myoporaceae) were active against both types of bacteria; (d) extract from the stem base of Lepidosperma viscidum (Cyperaceae) was active against MRSA and exhibited incomplete inhibition of VRE. All active extracts were evaluated using time-kill assays. Most of the extracts showed bactericidal effects and reduced the number of viable cells by 4 -6 logs within four hours, while the extracts from Acacia kempeana leaves and Lepidosperma viscidum stem base exhibited bacteriostatic activity against VRE. The extract from the leaves of Eremophila duttonii was the most active and reduced the number of viable cells of MRSA and VRE to undetectable levels within 1 hour.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39657465,"asset_id":17686222,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16203970,"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Semple","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SusanSemple","display_name":"Susan Semple","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SusanSemple?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":6697,"name":"Australia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australia?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":116078,"name":"Staphylococcus aureus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Staphylococcus_aureus?f_ri=15019"},{"id":237568,"name":"Gram Positive Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gram_Positive_Bacteria?f_ri=15019"},{"id":290432,"name":"Antibacterial activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibacterial_activity?f_ri=15019"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents?f_ri=15019"},{"id":354056,"name":"Plant extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts?f_ri=15019"},{"id":479910,"name":"Methicillin Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methicillin_Resistance?f_ri=15019"},{"id":561012,"name":"Enterococcus faecalis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enterococcus_faecalis?f_ri=15019"},{"id":732398,"name":"Plant Extract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Extract?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1229007,"name":"Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vancomycin_Resistant_Enterococci_VRE_?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1381991,"name":"Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methicillin_Resistant_Staphylococcus_Aureus?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1966411,"name":"Vancomycin resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vancomycin_resistance?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9125535" data-work_id="9125535" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9125535/Viburnum">Viburnum</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Viburnums range in height from 2 feet to 30 feet. Their flowers range from sweetly fragrant to unpleasantly scented and are primarily creamy white, but can vary from white to pink. The individual florets grow in clusters usually found at... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9125535" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Viburnums range in height from 2 feet to 30 feet. Their flowers range from sweetly fragrant to unpleasantly scented and are primarily creamy white, but can vary from white to pink. The individual florets grow in clusters usually found at the ends of branches.<br /><br />The foliage ranges from glossy green to a dull, dark green, velvet appearance to foliage that is thick and leathery. Fall coloration is an attractive feature of viburnums with leaf colors ranging from a glossy red to scarlet or purple. The leaves are always arranged opposite one another on the stems. Colorful fruit contribute to fall color on many species.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9125535" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="39cf66e44328abf9e6fadb2fe0f6cad6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35416389,"asset_id":9125535,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35416389/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9332565" href="https://unja.academia.edu/hadisaragih">Îgnązio Saragih</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9332565" type="text/json">{"id":9332565,"first_name":"Îgnązio","last_name":"Saragih","domain_name":"unja","page_name":"hadisaragih","display_name":"Îgnązio Saragih","profile_url":"https://unja.academia.edu/hadisaragih?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9332565/5746949/6534048/s65__gn_zio.saragih.jpg_oh_6ab37112e6f2b910abee07be9dd2f6dc_oe_54f3539a___gda___1423839055_d7a2264d0a0508032e95ae6388463c05"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9125535 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9125535"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9125535, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9125535", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9125535]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9125535").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9125535").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9125535"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18225" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_biotechnology">Plant biotechnology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18225" type="text/json">{"id":18225,"name":"Plant biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_biotechnology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="362134" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viburnum">Viburnum</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="362134" type="text/json">{"id":362134,"name":"Viburnum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viburnum?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9125535]'), work: {"id":9125535,"title":"Viburnum","created_at":"2014-11-04T12:20:09.426-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9125535/Viburnum?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_9125535","summary":"Viburnums range in height from 2 feet to 30 feet. Their flowers range from sweetly fragrant to unpleasantly scented and are primarily creamy white, but can vary from white to pink. The individual florets grow in clusters usually found at the ends of branches.\n\nThe foliage ranges from glossy green to a dull, dark green, velvet appearance to foliage that is thick and leathery. Fall coloration is an attractive feature of viburnums with leaf colors ranging from a glossy red to scarlet or purple. The leaves are always arranged opposite one another on the stems. Colorful fruit contribute to fall color on many species.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35416389,"asset_id":9125535,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9332565,"first_name":"Îgnązio","last_name":"Saragih","domain_name":"unja","page_name":"hadisaragih","display_name":"Îgnązio Saragih","profile_url":"https://unja.academia.edu/hadisaragih?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9332565/5746949/6534048/s65__gn_zio.saragih.jpg_oh_6ab37112e6f2b910abee07be9dd2f6dc_oe_54f3539a___gda___1423839055_d7a2264d0a0508032e95ae6388463c05"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":18225,"name":"Plant biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_biotechnology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":362134,"name":"Viburnum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viburnum?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33671011" data-work_id="33671011" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33671011/Appendix_A_New_Zealand_Plant_availability_in_Australian_nurseries">Appendix A: New Zealand Plant availability in Australian nurseries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This appendix lists New Zealand plant species stocked and available in Australian nurseries, over time. Raised in a large New Zealand garden full of native trees, plant lover Stuart Read was perhaps hard-wired to notice kiwi plants in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33671011" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This appendix lists New Zealand plant species stocked and available in Australian nurseries, over time. Raised in a large New Zealand garden full of native trees, plant lover Stuart Read was perhaps hard-wired to notice kiwi plants in Australian gardens. Over time he's pieced together a pattern of waves of fashion in their planting and popularity, reflecting scientific and horticultural expansionism, commercial and familial networks and connections across the Tasman. Stuart will examine a range of NZ plants found in old and younger Australian gardens, try to tease out some of the means by which they got here and why they remain popular.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33671011" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0153923c8a1f5e6985ed5c8280896c1a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53677065,"asset_id":33671011,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53677065/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7668553" href="https://lincoln-nz.academia.edu/StuartRead">Stuart Read</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7668553" type="text/json">{"id":7668553,"first_name":"Stuart","last_name":"Read","domain_name":"lincoln-nz","page_name":"StuartRead","display_name":"Stuart Read","profile_url":"https://lincoln-nz.academia.edu/StuartRead?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7668553/2754169/17878587/s65_stuart.read.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33671011 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33671011"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33671011, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33671011", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33671011]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33671011").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33671011").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33671011"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1042" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horticulture">Horticulture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1042" type="text/json">{"id":1042,"name":"Horticulture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horticulture?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1930" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australian_Studies">Australian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1930" type="text/json">{"id":1930,"name":"Australian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australian_Studies?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2132" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage">Cultural Heritage</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2132" type="text/json">{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33671011]'), work: {"id":33671011,"title":"Appendix A: New Zealand Plant availability in Australian nurseries","created_at":"2017-06-27T05:32:05.401-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33671011/Appendix_A_New_Zealand_Plant_availability_in_Australian_nurseries?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_33671011","summary":"This appendix lists New Zealand plant species stocked and available in Australian nurseries, over time. Raised in a large New Zealand garden full of native trees, plant lover Stuart Read was perhaps hard-wired to notice kiwi plants in Australian gardens. Over time he's pieced together a pattern of waves of fashion in their planting and popularity, reflecting scientific and horticultural expansionism, commercial and familial networks and connections across the Tasman. Stuart will examine a range of NZ plants found in old and younger Australian gardens, try to tease out some of the means by which they got here and why they remain popular.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53677065,"asset_id":33671011,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7668553,"first_name":"Stuart","last_name":"Read","domain_name":"lincoln-nz","page_name":"StuartRead","display_name":"Stuart Read","profile_url":"https://lincoln-nz.academia.edu/StuartRead?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7668553/2754169/17878587/s65_stuart.read.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":1042,"name":"Horticulture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horticulture?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":1930,"name":"Australian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australian_Studies?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019"},{"id":18659,"name":"Australian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australian_History?f_ri=15019"},{"id":19405,"name":"Cultural Heritage Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage_Management?f_ri=15019"},{"id":20348,"name":"Plant breeding and genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_breeding_and_genetics?f_ri=15019"},{"id":58414,"name":"Export-Import","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Export-Import?f_ri=15019"},{"id":116108,"name":"New Zealand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Zealand?f_ri=15019"},{"id":133873,"name":"Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plants?f_ri=15019"},{"id":519936,"name":"Endemic Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endemic_Plants?f_ri=15019"},{"id":790519,"name":"Threatened Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Threatened_Plants?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22492770" data-work_id="22492770" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22492770/Probable_interaction_between_warfarin_and_Ginseng">Probable interaction between warfarin and Ginseng</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22492770" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c8a0a97f303a777a09668332bca95fd1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43112436,"asset_id":22492770,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43112436/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43939444" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AMorreale">Anthony Morreale</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43939444" type="text/json">{"id":43939444,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"Morreale","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AMorreale","display_name":"Anthony Morreale","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AMorreale?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22492770 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22492770"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22492770, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22492770", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22492770]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22492770").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22492770").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22492770"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="189949" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anticoagulants">Anticoagulants</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="189949" type="text/json">{"id":189949,"name":"Anticoagulants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anticoagulants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="269496" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Panax">Panax</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="269496" type="text/json">{"id":269496,"name":"Panax","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Panax?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="354056" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts">Plant extracts</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="354056" type="text/json">{"id":354056,"name":"Plant extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22492770]'), work: {"id":22492770,"title":"Probable interaction between warfarin and Ginseng","created_at":"2016-02-26T13:53:22.493-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22492770/Probable_interaction_between_warfarin_and_Ginseng?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_22492770","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43112436,"asset_id":22492770,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43939444,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"Morreale","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AMorreale","display_name":"Anthony Morreale","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AMorreale?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":189949,"name":"Anticoagulants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anticoagulants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":269496,"name":"Panax","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Panax?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":354056,"name":"Plant extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":400209,"name":"Warfarin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Warfarin?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74516141" data-work_id="74516141" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74516141/The_antiviral_activity_of_compounds_isolated_from_Kenyan_Carissa_edulis_Forssk_Vahl">The antiviral activity of compounds isolated from Kenyan Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Extracts of a Kenyan medicinal plant, Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl, were subjected to bioactivity guided phytochemical analysis for identification of biological makers of activity. Pure compounds; lupeol, oleuropein, carissol and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74516141" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Extracts of a Kenyan medicinal plant, Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl, were subjected to bioactivity guided phytochemical analysis for identification of biological makers of activity. Pure compounds; lupeol, oleuropein, carissol and β-amyrin were subsequently isolated. In vitro evaluations of the compounds against viral strains of Herpes simples virus types 1 revealed a significant activity for lupeol at EC 50 of between 2.98-4.2 µg/ml for both sensitive and resistant strains with a high therapeutic index (TI > 38). A concentration of the compound at 10.0 µg/ml was virucidal, reducing viral yields in Vero E6 cells by 98.3%. On oral administration to mice at 20.0 µg/ml following a cutaneous viral infection, a delayed onset of infections of slow progression to mild and sever zosteriform lesions were observed (p ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ 0.05 test vs. control by repeated measures ANOVA). The mice receiving treatment with the compound also exhibited increased mean survival times as opposed to control (p ≤ 0.05 test verses control by Student's t-test) with a therapeutic index >5 (LD 50 >100.0 µg/ml). The results indicate promising antiviral activity of lupeol and necessitate further examinations of efficacy and safety in higher mammals.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74516141" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9c71c74b95190fbfedb89ff226f1ef92" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82640932,"asset_id":74516141,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82640932/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49571332" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FestusMTolo">Festus M. 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Tolo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FestusMTolo?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74516141 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74516141"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74516141, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74516141", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_74516141 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74516141; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_74516141"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_74516141 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74516141"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74516141; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74516141]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74516141").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74516141").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74516141"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography">Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="261" type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4083" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74516141]'), work: {"id":74516141,"title":"The antiviral activity of compounds isolated from Kenyan Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl","created_at":"2022-03-24T23:49:52.243-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74516141/The_antiviral_activity_of_compounds_isolated_from_Kenyan_Carissa_edulis_Forssk_Vahl?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_74516141","summary":"Extracts of a Kenyan medicinal plant, Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl, were subjected to bioactivity guided phytochemical analysis for identification of biological makers of activity. Pure compounds; lupeol, oleuropein, carissol and β-amyrin were subsequently isolated. In vitro evaluations of the compounds against viral strains of Herpes simples virus types 1 revealed a significant activity for lupeol at EC 50 of between 2.98-4.2 µg/ml for both sensitive and resistant strains with a high therapeutic index (TI \u003e 38). A concentration of the compound at 10.0 µg/ml was virucidal, reducing viral yields in Vero E6 cells by 98.3%. On oral administration to mice at 20.0 µg/ml following a cutaneous viral infection, a delayed onset of infections of slow progression to mild and sever zosteriform lesions were observed (p ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ 0.05 test vs. control by repeated measures ANOVA). The mice receiving treatment with the compound also exhibited increased mean survival times as opposed to control (p ≤ 0.05 test verses control by Student's t-test) with a therapeutic index \u003e5 (LD 50 \u003e100.0 µg/ml). The results indicate promising antiviral activity of lupeol and necessitate further examinations of efficacy and safety in higher mammals.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82640932,"asset_id":74516141,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49571332,"first_name":"Festus M.","last_name":"Tolo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FestusMTolo","display_name":"Festus M. Tolo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FestusMTolo?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72999790" data-work_id="72999790" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72999790/Antioxidant_Effect_of_Ziziphus_vulgaris_Portulaca_oleracea_Berberis_integerima_and_Gundelia_tournefortti_on_Lipid_Peroxidation_Hb_Glycosylation_and_Red_Blood_Cell_Hemolysis">Antioxidant Effect of Ziziphus vulgaris, Portulaca oleracea, Berberis integerima and Gundelia tournefortti on Lipid Peroxidation, Hb Glycosylation and Red Blood Cell Hemolysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">1 رايشناد ، يميشويب هورگ ، يزاسوراد هدكشناد ، ناهفصا يكشزپ مولع هاگشناد ، ناهفصا 2 يارتكد هورگ ،يزاسوراد ناهفصا ،ناهفصا يكشزپ مولع هاگشناد ،يزاسوراد هدكشناد ،ينيلاب يزاسوراد 3 دحاو ،يزونگوكامراف هورگ ،رايشناد اهفصا قورع و بلق تاقيقحت زكرم... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72999790" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">1 رايشناد ، يميشويب هورگ ، يزاسوراد هدكشناد ، ناهفصا يكشزپ مولع هاگشناد ، ناهفصا 2 يارتكد هورگ ،يزاسوراد ناهفصا ،ناهفصا يكشزپ مولع هاگشناد ،يزاسوراد هدكشناد ،ينيلاب يزاسوراد 3 دحاو ،يزونگوكامراف هورگ ،رايشناد اهفصا قورع و بلق تاقيقحت زكرم ،هياپ مولع تاقيقحت زكرم ،ن يژولويزيف ناهفصا ،ناهفصا يكشزپ مولع هاگشناد ،يدربراك 4 ،دشرا يسانشراك هورگ ينيلاب يميشويب ، هدكشناد يزاسوراد ، ناهفصا يكشزپ مولع هاگشناد ناهفصا ، * سردآ هبتاكم : يزاسوراد هدكشناد ،ناهفصا يكشزپ مولع هاگشناد بيرجرازه نابايخ ،ناهفصا نفلت : 09133152584 ربامن ، : 7922593 ) 0311 ( كينورتكلا تسپ : <a href="mailto:eshraghi_a82@yahoo.com" rel="nofollow">eshraghi_a82@yahoo.com</a> تفايرد خيرات : 18 / 1 / 89 بيوصت خيرات : 11 / 8 / 89 هديكچ</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72999790" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="82809f209e671798163109c7b64d07ce" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81696701,"asset_id":72999790,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81696701/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42719098" href="https://independent.academia.edu/azadeheshraghi">azadeh eshraghi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42719098" type="text/json">{"id":42719098,"first_name":"azadeh","last_name":"eshraghi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"azadeheshraghi","display_name":"azadeh eshraghi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/azadeheshraghi?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42719098/169711962/159688412/s65_azadeh.eshraghi.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72999790 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72999790"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72999790, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72999790", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72999790]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72999790").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72999790").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72999790"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72999790]'), work: {"id":72999790,"title":"Antioxidant Effect of Ziziphus vulgaris, Portulaca oleracea, Berberis integerima and Gundelia tournefortti on Lipid Peroxidation, Hb Glycosylation and Red Blood Cell Hemolysis","created_at":"2022-03-04T00:17:04.209-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72999790/Antioxidant_Effect_of_Ziziphus_vulgaris_Portulaca_oleracea_Berberis_integerima_and_Gundelia_tournefortti_on_Lipid_Peroxidation_Hb_Glycosylation_and_Red_Blood_Cell_Hemolysis?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_72999790","summary":"1 رايشناد ، يميشويب هورگ ، يزاسوراد هدكشناد ، ناهفصا يكشزپ مولع هاگشناد ، ناهفصا 2 يارتكد هورگ ،يزاسوراد ناهفصا ،ناهفصا يكشزپ مولع هاگشناد ،يزاسوراد هدكشناد ،ينيلاب يزاسوراد 3 دحاو ،يزونگوكامراف هورگ ،رايشناد اهفصا قورع و بلق تاقيقحت زكرم ،هياپ مولع تاقيقحت زكرم ،ن يژولويزيف ناهفصا ،ناهفصا يكشزپ مولع هاگشناد ،يدربراك 4 ،دشرا يسانشراك هورگ ينيلاب يميشويب ، هدكشناد يزاسوراد ، ناهفصا يكشزپ مولع هاگشناد ناهفصا ، * سردآ هبتاكم : يزاسوراد هدكشناد ،ناهفصا يكشزپ مولع هاگشناد بيرجرازه نابايخ ،ناهفصا نفلت : 09133152584 ربامن ، : 7922593 ) 0311 ( كينورتكلا تسپ : eshraghi_a82@yahoo.com تفايرد خيرات : 18 / 1 / 89 بيوصت خيرات : 11 / 8 / 89 هديكچ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81696701,"asset_id":72999790,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42719098,"first_name":"azadeh","last_name":"eshraghi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"azadeheshraghi","display_name":"azadeh eshraghi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/azadeheshraghi?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42719098/169711962/159688412/s65_azadeh.eshraghi.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68801228" data-work_id="68801228" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68801228/Pharmacognostic_Studies_and_HPTLC_Fingerprint_Profile_of_Stem_of_Oroxylum_indicum_L_Vent_A_Threatened_and_Vulnerable_Medicinal_Plant">Pharmacognostic Studies and HPTLC Fingerprint Profile of Stem of Oroxylum indicum (L) Vent: A Threatened and Vulnerable Medicinal Plant</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Oroxylum indicum (L) Vent. is found both in the Himalayas and Western ghats. It is extensively used in the Indian system of medicine and is one of the important Rasayana drugs mentioned in ayurveda. Proper identification of the plant is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68801228" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Oroxylum indicum (L) Vent. is found both in the Himalayas and Western ghats. It is extensively used in the Indian system of medicine and is one of the important Rasayana drugs mentioned in ayurveda. Proper identification of the plant is requisite for obtaining its complete therapeutic effects. The present investigation has been carried out on stem of Oroxylum indicum (L) Vent. used in various ayurvedic preparations. The study deals with Pharmacognostic and development of HPTLC fingerprint of stem. The Pharmacognostic studies include macroscopic, microscopic characters and proximate analysis. HPTLC fingerprint was developed using Toluene:Ethyl Acetate:Formic Acid as solvent system. In conclusion the macroscopic and microscopic characters, Physicochemical determination and HPTLC fingerprints can be used as a diagnostic tool in the identification of Oroxylum indicum (L) Vent and also will be helpful for standardization and quality control of the precious indigenous drug. The study scie...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68801228" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5b541468d714517244df217963ee62f8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79147236,"asset_id":68801228,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79147236/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="138242101" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Labhane">Nitin Labhane</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="138242101" type="text/json">{"id":138242101,"first_name":"Nitin","last_name":"Labhane","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Labhane","display_name":"Nitin Labhane","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Labhane?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/138242101/44456290/34991145/s65_nitin.labhane.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68801228 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68801228"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68801228, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68801228", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68801228]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68801228").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68801228").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68801228"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3057" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytochemistry">Phytochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3057" type="text/json">{"id":3057,"name":"Phytochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytochemistry?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68801228]'), work: {"id":68801228,"title":"Pharmacognostic Studies and HPTLC Fingerprint Profile of Stem of Oroxylum indicum (L) Vent: A Threatened and Vulnerable Medicinal Plant","created_at":"2022-01-20T02:54:46.224-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68801228/Pharmacognostic_Studies_and_HPTLC_Fingerprint_Profile_of_Stem_of_Oroxylum_indicum_L_Vent_A_Threatened_and_Vulnerable_Medicinal_Plant?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_68801228","summary":"Oroxylum indicum (L) Vent. is found both in the Himalayas and Western ghats. It is extensively used in the Indian system of medicine and is one of the important Rasayana drugs mentioned in ayurveda. Proper identification of the plant is requisite for obtaining its complete therapeutic effects. The present investigation has been carried out on stem of Oroxylum indicum (L) Vent. used in various ayurvedic preparations. The study deals with Pharmacognostic and development of HPTLC fingerprint of stem. The Pharmacognostic studies include macroscopic, microscopic characters and proximate analysis. HPTLC fingerprint was developed using Toluene:Ethyl Acetate:Formic Acid as solvent system. In conclusion the macroscopic and microscopic characters, Physicochemical determination and HPTLC fingerprints can be used as a diagnostic tool in the identification of Oroxylum indicum (L) Vent and also will be helpful for standardization and quality control of the precious indigenous drug. The study scie...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79147236,"asset_id":68801228,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":138242101,"first_name":"Nitin","last_name":"Labhane","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Labhane","display_name":"Nitin Labhane","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Labhane?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/138242101/44456290/34991145/s65_nitin.labhane.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3057,"name":"Phytochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytochemistry?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66469278" data-work_id="66469278" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66469278/Antioxidant_Activity_Assay_of_Alpha_mangostin_for_Amelioration_of_Kidney_Structure_and_Function_in_Diabetic_Mice">Antioxidant Activity Assay of Alpha-mangostin for Amelioration of Kidney Structure and Function in Diabetic Mice</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This research was aimed to investigate the ability of a alpha-mangostin compound derived from mangosteen pericarp to reduce plasma blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine level, and also to ameliorate the damaged renal proximal tubular... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66469278" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This research was aimed to investigate the ability of a alpha-mangostin compound derived from mangosteen pericarp to reduce plasma blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine level, and also to ameliorate the damaged renal proximal tubular of the kidneys in diabetic mice. An in-vivo antioxidant test was conducted using male BALB/c mice. The mice were divided into two groups; normal control (KN) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Streptozotocin (STZ) induction was performed using multiple low-doses of 30 mg/kg injected for five consecutive days. The diabetic mice were separated again into three sub-groups; diabetic control (KD), diabetic mice treated with Metformin HCl (KM), and diabetic mice treated with alpha-mangostin. The alpha-mangostin treatment group was categorised based on the dose given; P1 (2 mg/kg body weight), P2 (4 mg/kg body weight) and P3 (8 mg/kg body weight). Before and after STZ injection, the body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured. The body weight...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66469278" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="58e08ddcdfb010ee015d8b8edc2d9a9f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77648169,"asset_id":66469278,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77648169/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6365105" href="https://unair.academia.edu/FirasKhaleyla">Firas Khaleyla</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6365105" type="text/json">{"id":6365105,"first_name":"Firas","last_name":"Khaleyla","domain_name":"unair","page_name":"FirasKhaleyla","display_name":"Firas Khaleyla","profile_url":"https://unair.academia.edu/FirasKhaleyla?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6365105/3840549/4493754/s65_firas.khaleyla.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66469278 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66469278"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66469278, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66469278", }); 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An in-vivo antioxidant test was conducted using male BALB/c mice. The mice were divided into two groups; normal control (KN) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Streptozotocin (STZ) induction was performed using multiple low-doses of 30 mg/kg injected for five consecutive days. The diabetic mice were separated again into three sub-groups; diabetic control (KD), diabetic mice treated with Metformin HCl (KM), and diabetic mice treated with alpha-mangostin. The alpha-mangostin treatment group was categorised based on the dose given; P1 (2 mg/kg body weight), P2 (4 mg/kg body weight) and P3 (8 mg/kg body weight). Before and after STZ injection, the body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured. The body weight...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77648169,"asset_id":66469278,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6365105,"first_name":"Firas","last_name":"Khaleyla","domain_name":"unair","page_name":"FirasKhaleyla","display_name":"Firas Khaleyla","profile_url":"https://unair.academia.edu/FirasKhaleyla?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6365105/3840549/4493754/s65_firas.khaleyla.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":148,"name":"Botany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Botany?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":154,"name":"Endocrinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocrinology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":4581,"name":"Diabetes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes?f_ri=15019"},{"id":12069,"name":"Histology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histology?f_ri=15019"},{"id":14080,"name":"Pharmacognosy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacognosy?f_ri=15019"},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019"},{"id":18556,"name":"Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes_Mellitus_and_Its_Complications?f_ri=15019"},{"id":21801,"name":"Animal Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Physiology?f_ri=15019"},{"id":51711,"name":"Antioxidants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antioxidants?f_ri=15019"},{"id":71294,"name":"Kidney","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney?f_ri=15019"},{"id":71511,"name":"Diabetes mellitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes_mellitus?f_ri=15019"},{"id":103339,"name":"Antioxidant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antioxidant?f_ri=15019"},{"id":170762,"name":"Natural antioxidants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_antioxidants?f_ri=15019"},{"id":290433,"name":"Antioxidant Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antioxidant_Activity?f_ri=15019"},{"id":564633,"name":"Medical botany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_botany?f_ri=15019"},{"id":650907,"name":"Pharmaceutical botany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_botany?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1297255,"name":"Garcinia Mangostana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Garcinia_Mangostana?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1361903,"name":"Mangosteen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mangosteen?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50103421" data-work_id="50103421" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50103421/Studies_on_antitussive_activity_of_Drymaria_cordata_Willd_Caryophyllaceae_">Studies on antitussive activity of Drymaria cordata Willd. (Caryophyllaceae)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The methanol extract of Drymaria cordata Willd. was investigated for its effect on a cough model induced by sulfur dioxide gas in mice. It exhibited significant antitussive activity when compared with the control in a dose-dependent... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50103421" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The methanol extract of Drymaria cordata Willd. was investigated for its effect on a cough model induced by sulfur dioxide gas in mice. It exhibited significant antitussive activity when compared with the control in a dose-dependent manner. The antitussive activity of the extract was comparable to that of codeine phosphate, a prototype antitussive agent. The D. cordata extract (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) showed 11.6%, 31.6% and 51.5% inhibition of cough with respect to the control group.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50103421" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0944409cedf061da946a0a5d3eef46f8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68214217,"asset_id":50103421,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68214217/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="149034149" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PulokMukherjee">Pulok Mukherjee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="149034149" type="text/json">{"id":149034149,"first_name":"Pulok","last_name":"Mukherjee","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PulokMukherjee","display_name":"Pulok Mukherjee","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PulokMukherjee?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50103421 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50103421"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50103421, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50103421", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50103421]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50103421").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50103421").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50103421"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4083" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14032" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology">Ethnopharmacology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14032" type="text/json">{"id":14032,"name":"Ethnopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50103421]'), work: {"id":50103421,"title":"Studies on antitussive activity of Drymaria cordata Willd. (Caryophyllaceae)","created_at":"2021-07-20T09:23:26.435-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50103421/Studies_on_antitussive_activity_of_Drymaria_cordata_Willd_Caryophyllaceae_?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_50103421","summary":"The methanol extract of Drymaria cordata Willd. was investigated for its effect on a cough model induced by sulfur dioxide gas in mice. It exhibited significant antitussive activity when compared with the control in a dose-dependent manner. The antitussive activity of the extract was comparable to that of codeine phosphate, a prototype antitussive agent. The D. cordata extract (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) showed 11.6%, 31.6% and 51.5% inhibition of cough with respect to the control group.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68214217,"asset_id":50103421,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":149034149,"first_name":"Pulok","last_name":"Mukherjee","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PulokMukherjee","display_name":"Pulok Mukherjee","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PulokMukherjee?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":14032,"name":"Ethnopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=15019"},{"id":112334,"name":"Methanol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methanol?f_ri=15019"},{"id":354056,"name":"Plant extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1107101,"name":"Cough","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cough?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1327853,"name":"Sulfur Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sulfur_Dioxide?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1619685,"name":"Codeine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Codeine?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1631043,"name":"Control Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Group?f_ri=15019"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45639393 coauthored" data-work_id="45639393" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45639393/Ameliorative_effect_of_Ruzu_herbal_bitters_on_high_fat_diet_induced_non_alcoholic_fatty_liver_disease_in_Wistar_rats">Ameliorative effect of Ruzu herbal bitters on high-fat diet induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Wistar rats</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Context: One of the world's most widespread and frequent liver diseases is the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Aims: To evaluate the preventives activities of Ruzu herbal bitters (RHB), which is an anti-obesity therapeutic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45639393" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Context: One of the world's most widespread and frequent liver diseases is the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Aims: To evaluate the preventives activities of Ruzu herbal bitters (RHB), which is an anti-obesity therapeutic concoction used widely in Nigeria on high-fat diet (HFD) induced NAFLD in albino Wistar rats. Methods: A total number of twenty-five rats were isolated and divided equally into five groups. Group 1, the normal control group was placed on normal rat diet and normal saline (1 mL/kg body weight daily) for twelve weeks. The remaining four groups 2-5 were placed on HFD for twelve weeks; adding to the following treatment schedules by oral gavage: group 2 received pioglitazone 4 mg/kg daily, group 3 received RHB 0.6 mL/kg daily, group 4 received normal saline 1 mL/kg daily and group 5 received fenofibrate 10 mg/kg daily (s.c). The animals were sacrificed and biochemical markers of liver function, lipid profile, glycemic index, and histopathological assessment of the liver of the rats were determined. Results: Rat treated with RHB and other treated groups significantly (p<0.05) reduced the liver index, fasting blood glucose, and activities and concentrations of liver function enzymes and molecules when compared to untreated NAFLD group. Scoring of hepatic steatosis also showed the ameliorative role of the treatment on NAFLD. Conclusions: This study reveals that RHB and other treatment options assessed could prevent HFD-induced NAFLD and could be explored as another therapeutic approach to fenofibrate and pioglitazone in NAFLD management.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45639393" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="615a5f0b943a1552d88b20a467ad73d7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66134194,"asset_id":45639393,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66134194/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13838875" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JournalPharmacyPharmacognosyResJPPRes">Journal Pharmacy Pharmacognosy Res JPPRes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13838875" type="text/json">{"id":13838875,"first_name":"Journal Pharmacy Pharmacognosy Res","last_name":"JPPRes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JournalPharmacyPharmacognosyResJPPRes","display_name":"Journal Pharmacy Pharmacognosy Res JPPRes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JournalPharmacyPharmacognosyResJPPRes?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/73db849da28752992bc1b6c420c97630?s=65"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-45639393">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-45639393"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/OgunlanaOlubanke">Ogunlana Olubanke</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-45639393'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-45639393').html(); 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Aims: To evaluate the preventives activities of Ruzu herbal bitters (RHB), which is an anti-obesity therapeutic concoction used widely in Nigeria on high-fat diet (HFD) induced NAFLD in albino Wistar rats. Methods: A total number of twenty-five rats were isolated and divided equally into five groups. Group 1, the normal control group was placed on normal rat diet and normal saline (1 mL/kg body weight daily) for twelve weeks. The remaining four groups 2-5 were placed on HFD for twelve weeks; adding to the following treatment schedules by oral gavage: group 2 received pioglitazone 4 mg/kg daily, group 3 received RHB 0.6 mL/kg daily, group 4 received normal saline 1 mL/kg daily and group 5 received fenofibrate 10 mg/kg daily (s.c). The animals were sacrificed and biochemical markers of liver function, lipid profile, glycemic index, and histopathological assessment of the liver of the rats were determined. Results: Rat treated with RHB and other treated groups significantly (p\u003c0.05) reduced the liver index, fasting blood glucose, and activities and concentrations of liver function enzymes and molecules when compared to untreated NAFLD group. Scoring of hepatic steatosis also showed the ameliorative role of the treatment on NAFLD. Conclusions: This study reveals that RHB and other treatment options assessed could prevent HFD-induced NAFLD and could be explored as another therapeutic approach to fenofibrate and pioglitazone in NAFLD management. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66134194,"asset_id":45639393,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13838875,"first_name":"Journal Pharmacy Pharmacognosy Res","last_name":"JPPRes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JournalPharmacyPharmacognosyResJPPRes","display_name":"Journal Pharmacy Pharmacognosy Res JPPRes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JournalPharmacyPharmacognosyResJPPRes?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/73db849da28752992bc1b6c420c97630?s=65"},{"id":117654949,"first_name":"Ogunlana","last_name":"Olubanke","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OgunlanaOlubanke","display_name":"Ogunlana Olubanke","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OgunlanaOlubanke?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/117654949/29750870/27648177/s65_ogunlana.olubanke.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3851,"name":"Obesity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":3960,"name":"Fat Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fat_Studies?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":47067,"name":"Liver diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver_diseases?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":71437,"name":"Liver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver?f_ri=15019"},{"id":73418,"name":"Medicinal plants and natural products","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_plants_and_natural_products?f_ri=15019"},{"id":103564,"name":"Fatty liver disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fatty_liver_disease?f_ri=15019"},{"id":141145,"name":"Plantas Medicinales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plantas_Medicinales?f_ri=15019"},{"id":151035,"name":"NAFLD","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NAFLD?f_ri=15019"},{"id":151036,"name":"non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/non_alcoholic_fatty_liver_disease_NAFLD_?f_ri=15019"},{"id":373895,"name":"medicinal \u0026 Aromatic plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/medicinal_and_Aromatic_plants?f_ri=15019"},{"id":396029,"name":"Pioglitazone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pioglitazone?f_ri=15019"},{"id":685037,"name":"Traditional Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Methods?f_ri=15019"},{"id":986166,"name":"Bitter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bitter?f_ri=15019"},{"id":2045399,"name":"High fat diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_fat_diet?f_ri=15019"},{"id":2815858,"name":"Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-alcoholic_Fatty_Liver_Disease_NAFLD_?f_ri=15019"},{"id":2937258,"name":"High-Fat Diet (HFD)-fed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High-Fat_Diet_HFD_-fed?f_ri=15019"},{"id":3688762,"name":"non alcoholic fatty liver disease treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/non_alcoholic_fatty_liver_disease_treatment?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45474223" data-work_id="45474223" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45474223/Phytochemical_screening_of_some_indigenous_medicinal_plant_species_used_in_the_management_of_diabetes_mellitus_in_Ghana">Phytochemical screening of some indigenous medicinal plant species used in the management of diabetes mellitus in Ghana</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study was conducted to screen the phytochemical constituents and determine the levels of the major and trace elements of three medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus namely; Bridelia ferruginea, Lagerstroemia... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45474223" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study was conducted to screen the phytochemical constituents and determine the levels of the major and trace elements of three medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus namely; Bridelia ferruginea, Lagerstroemia speciosa and Morus Alba. The air dried leaves of the plants were subjected to soxhlet extraction using ethanol. The crude extracts obtained were subjected to screening for their phytochemical constituents such as alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, reducing sugars, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquiones, coumarins, emodols, carotenoids and steroids using various standard methods and reagents. Trace metals in the three medicinal plants were also quantitatively analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. A wet digestion procedure involving the use of 4 ml of perchloric acid and 10 ml of aquaregia was adopted to digest the medicinal plants. Anthraquinones, sterols, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, coumarins and reducing sugars were identified in the leaves of all the three plants. However, emodols were absent in all the plants but carotenoids were absent in only B. ferruginea. Elemental concentrations of some of the elements were obtained from the leafy materials in varying quantities. Ten heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn, and V), two alkali metals (K and Na) and three alkaline earth metals (Ca, Mg and Al) and two halogens (Cl and Br) were quantitatively analysed. The anti-diabetic properties of the plant extracts could be attributed to the presence of steroids, triterpenes and alkaloids. In general the order of concentration of toxic metals in the medicinal plants was found to follow the order Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Ni > V > Pb > Co > Cr > Cd. Sodium content was found to be very high in L. speciosa while chlorine content was found to be very high in B. ferruginea.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45474223" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0b4846f594fed70f279b4f0b5c4217a9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65976182,"asset_id":45474223,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65976182/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="86972967" href="https://keb.academia.edu/VictorBarku">Victor Barku</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="86972967" type="text/json">{"id":86972967,"first_name":"Victor","last_name":"Barku","domain_name":"keb","page_name":"VictorBarku","display_name":"Victor Barku","profile_url":"https://keb.academia.edu/VictorBarku?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/86972967/31408887/28844059/s65_victor.barku.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45474223 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45474223"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45474223, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45474223", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45474223]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45474223").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45474223").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45474223"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4083" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3789884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences">Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3789884" type="text/json">{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45474223]'), work: {"id":45474223,"title":"Phytochemical screening of some indigenous medicinal plant species used in the management of diabetes mellitus in Ghana","created_at":"2021-03-11T11:47:26.903-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45474223/Phytochemical_screening_of_some_indigenous_medicinal_plant_species_used_in_the_management_of_diabetes_mellitus_in_Ghana?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_45474223","summary":"This study was conducted to screen the phytochemical constituents and determine the levels of the major and trace elements of three medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus namely; Bridelia ferruginea, Lagerstroemia speciosa and Morus Alba. The air dried leaves of the plants were subjected to soxhlet extraction using ethanol. The crude extracts obtained were subjected to screening for their phytochemical constituents such as alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, reducing sugars, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquiones, coumarins, emodols, carotenoids and steroids using various standard methods and reagents. Trace metals in the three medicinal plants were also quantitatively analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. A wet digestion procedure involving the use of 4 ml of perchloric acid and 10 ml of aquaregia was adopted to digest the medicinal plants. Anthraquinones, sterols, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, coumarins and reducing sugars were identified in the leaves of all the three plants. However, emodols were absent in all the plants but carotenoids were absent in only B. ferruginea. Elemental concentrations of some of the elements were obtained from the leafy materials in varying quantities. Ten heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn, and V), two alkali metals (K and Na) and three alkaline earth metals (Ca, Mg and Al) and two halogens (Cl and Br) were quantitatively analysed. The anti-diabetic properties of the plant extracts could be attributed to the presence of steroids, triterpenes and alkaloids. In general the order of concentration of toxic metals in the medicinal plants was found to follow the order Fe \u003e Mn \u003e Zn \u003e Cu \u003e Ni \u003e V \u003e Pb \u003e Co \u003e Cr \u003e Cd. Sodium content was found to be very high in L. speciosa while chlorine content was found to be very high in B. ferruginea.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65976182,"asset_id":45474223,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":86972967,"first_name":"Victor","last_name":"Barku","domain_name":"keb","page_name":"VictorBarku","display_name":"Victor Barku","profile_url":"https://keb.academia.edu/VictorBarku?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/86972967/31408887/28844059/s65_victor.barku.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44478042" data-work_id="44478042" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44478042/A_review_on_hepatoprotective_activity_of_various_medicinal_plant">A review on hepatoprotective activity of various medicinal plant</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Plants Kingdom play crucial role for the existence of human being on this world. Liver diseases cause by alcohol as it is the major organ associated with the removal of excess ethanol. Increased iron uptake by the hepatocytes, increased... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44478042" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Plants Kingdom play crucial role for the existence of human being on this world. Liver diseases cause by alcohol as it is the major organ associated with the removal of excess ethanol. Increased iron uptake by the hepatocytes, increased production of hydrogen peroxide and free radicals, elevated levels of short-chain fatty acids, all these contribute to the increased per-oxidation of lipids in alcoholic liver. This can lead to liver dysfunction. For the treat liver diseases the use of herbal medicines has increased globally, and this is due to their positive views such as free from serious adverse reactions. Plants derived natural products such as flavonoids, terpenoids and sterols have received considerable attention in recent years due to their diverse pharmacological properties including antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. The present review had as its objective the collecting of data based on research conducted into some medicinal plants, which have demonstrated hepatoprotective activity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44478042" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ca4cb36e35197c7fef59196dd2749508" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64908340,"asset_id":44478042,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64908340/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="69628723" href="https://uap-bd.academia.edu/Abidhasan">Abid hasan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="69628723" type="text/json">{"id":69628723,"first_name":"Abid","last_name":"hasan","domain_name":"uap-bd","page_name":"Abidhasan","display_name":"Abid hasan","profile_url":"https://uap-bd.academia.edu/Abidhasan?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/69628723/49319995/117707280/s65_abid.hasan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44478042 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44478042"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44478042, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44478042", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44478042 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44478042; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44478042"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44478042 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44478042"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44478042; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44478042]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44478042").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44478042").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44478042"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133186" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_toxicology">Pharmacology and toxicology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="133186" type="text/json">{"id":133186,"name":"Pharmacology and toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_toxicology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="578502" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytochemicals">Phytochemicals</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="578502" type="text/json">{"id":578502,"name":"Phytochemicals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytochemicals?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44478042]'), work: {"id":44478042,"title":"A review on hepatoprotective activity of various medicinal plant","created_at":"2020-11-11T09:11:03.492-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44478042/A_review_on_hepatoprotective_activity_of_various_medicinal_plant?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_44478042","summary":"Plants Kingdom play crucial role for the existence of human being on this world. Liver diseases cause by alcohol as it is the major organ associated with the removal of excess ethanol. Increased iron uptake by the hepatocytes, increased production of hydrogen peroxide and free radicals, elevated levels of short-chain fatty acids, all these contribute to the increased per-oxidation of lipids in alcoholic liver. This can lead to liver dysfunction. For the treat liver diseases the use of herbal medicines has increased globally, and this is due to their positive views such as free from serious adverse reactions. Plants derived natural products such as flavonoids, terpenoids and sterols have received considerable attention in recent years due to their diverse pharmacological properties including antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. The present review had as its objective the collecting of data based on research conducted into some medicinal plants, which have demonstrated hepatoprotective activity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64908340,"asset_id":44478042,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":69628723,"first_name":"Abid","last_name":"hasan","domain_name":"uap-bd","page_name":"Abidhasan","display_name":"Abid hasan","profile_url":"https://uap-bd.academia.edu/Abidhasan?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/69628723/49319995/117707280/s65_abid.hasan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":133186,"name":"Pharmacology and toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_toxicology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":578502,"name":"Phytochemicals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytochemicals?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31606755 coauthored" data-work_id="31606755" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31606755/Green_tea_Camellia_sinesis_ameliorates_female_Schistosoma_mansoni_induced_changes_in_the_liver_of_Balb_C_mice">Green tea (Camellia sinesis) ameliorates female Schistosoma mansoni-induced changes in the liver of Balb/C mice</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study was designed to assess the effect of green tea, an aqueous extract of Camellia sinensis, on the oxidative stress, antioxidant defense system and liver pathology of Schistosoma man-soni-infected mice. Green tea at concentration... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31606755" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study was designed to assess the effect of green tea, an aqueous extract of Camellia sinensis, on the oxidative stress, antioxidant defense system and liver pathology of Schistosoma man-soni-infected mice. Green tea at concentration of 3% (w/v) was given orally to treated mice as sole source of drinking water from the end of the 4th week to the end of 10th week post-infection; untreated mice were allowed to drink normal water. The data of the studied S. mansoni-infected mice exhibited a suppression of hepatic total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione content. The liver lipid peroxidation was deleteriously elevated in S. mansoni-infected mice. The hepatic total protein content, AST and ALT activities were profoundly decreased in the S. mansoni-infected mice. Most hepatocytes were damaged and showed abnormal microscopic appearance with aggressive necrosis. Both total protein and glycogen levels have been greatly reduced as indicated by histochemical examination. The treatment of S. mansoni-infected mice with green tea succeeded to suppress oxidative stress by decreasing the lipid peroxides but failed to significantly enhance the antioxidant defense system and deteriorated changes owing to</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31606755" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eb8c362c46f5cdba5f8a5b9eccf8c2d5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51935342,"asset_id":31606755,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51935342/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1596215" href="https://bsu-eg.academia.edu/OsamaAhmed">Osama M Ahmed</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1596215" type="text/json">{"id":1596215,"first_name":"Osama","last_name":"Ahmed","domain_name":"bsu-eg","page_name":"OsamaAhmed","display_name":"Osama M Ahmed","profile_url":"https://bsu-eg.academia.edu/OsamaAhmed?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1596215/2820888/3292150/s65_osama.ahmed.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-31606755">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-31606755"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/HussienSaad1">Hussien Saad</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-31606755'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-31606755').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31606755 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31606755"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31606755; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31606755]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31606755").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31606755").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31606755"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98225" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schistosomiasis">Schistosomiasis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="98225" type="text/json">{"id":98225,"name":"Schistosomiasis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schistosomiasis?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31606755]'), work: {"id":31606755,"title":"Green tea (Camellia sinesis) ameliorates female Schistosoma mansoni-induced changes in the liver of Balb/C mice","created_at":"2017-02-25T14:58:43.921-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31606755/Green_tea_Camellia_sinesis_ameliorates_female_Schistosoma_mansoni_induced_changes_in_the_liver_of_Balb_C_mice?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_31606755","summary":"This study was designed to assess the effect of green tea, an aqueous extract of Camellia sinensis, on the oxidative stress, antioxidant defense system and liver pathology of Schistosoma man-soni-infected mice. Green tea at concentration of 3% (w/v) was given orally to treated mice as sole source of drinking water from the end of the 4th week to the end of 10th week post-infection; untreated mice were allowed to drink normal water. The data of the studied S. mansoni-infected mice exhibited a suppression of hepatic total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione content. The liver lipid peroxidation was deleteriously elevated in S. mansoni-infected mice. The hepatic total protein content, AST and ALT activities were profoundly decreased in the S. mansoni-infected mice. Most hepatocytes were damaged and showed abnormal microscopic appearance with aggressive necrosis. Both total protein and glycogen levels have been greatly reduced as indicated by histochemical examination. The treatment of S. mansoni-infected mice with green tea succeeded to suppress oxidative stress by decreasing the lipid peroxides but failed to significantly enhance the antioxidant defense system and deteriorated changes owing to","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51935342,"asset_id":31606755,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1596215,"first_name":"Osama","last_name":"Ahmed","domain_name":"bsu-eg","page_name":"OsamaAhmed","display_name":"Osama M Ahmed","profile_url":"https://bsu-eg.academia.edu/OsamaAhmed?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1596215/2820888/3292150/s65_osama.ahmed.jpg"},{"id":60772986,"first_name":"Hussien","last_name":"Saad","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HussienSaad1","display_name":"Hussien Saad","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HussienSaad1?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":98225,"name":"Schistosomiasis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schistosomiasis?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8888162" data-work_id="8888162" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8888162/Cardiovascular_effects_of_the_methanol_and_dichloromethanol_extracts_from_Teucrium_flavum_L">Cardiovascular effects of the methanol and dichloromethanol extracts from Teucrium flavum L</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Methanol and dichloromethanol extracts of the leaves and stems of Teucrium cartaginenses L. have been tested for their effects on resting arterial blood pressure, heart rate and noradrenaline induced hypertension. Both extracts... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8888162" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Methanol and dichloromethanol extracts of the leaves and stems of Teucrium cartaginenses L. have been tested for their effects on resting arterial blood pressure, heart rate and noradrenaline induced hypertension. Both extracts administered i.v. to urethane anaesthetized normotensive rats reduced mean arterial blood pressure and heart valve, while only the dichloromethanol extract prevented noradrenaline induced hypertension.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8888162" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0b39a1675721d0f2a12e20d944e2296e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47965047,"asset_id":8888162,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47965047/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19514017" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SaraCalatayud">Sara Calatayud</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19514017" type="text/json">{"id":19514017,"first_name":"Sara","last_name":"Calatayud","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SaraCalatayud","display_name":"Sara Calatayud","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaraCalatayud?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8888162 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8888162"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8888162, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8888162", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8888162 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8888162; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8888162"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8888162 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8888162"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8888162; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8888162]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8888162").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8888162").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8888162"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52027" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytotherapy">Phytotherapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="52027" type="text/json">{"id":52027,"name":"Phytotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytotherapy?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="59404" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lamiaceae">Lamiaceae</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="59404" type="text/json">{"id":59404,"name":"Lamiaceae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lamiaceae?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8888162]'), work: {"id":8888162,"title":"Cardiovascular effects of the methanol and dichloromethanol extracts from Teucrium flavum L","created_at":"2014-10-21T03:41:46.467-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8888162/Cardiovascular_effects_of_the_methanol_and_dichloromethanol_extracts_from_Teucrium_flavum_L?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_8888162","summary":"Methanol and dichloromethanol extracts of the leaves and stems of Teucrium cartaginenses L. have been tested for their effects on resting arterial blood pressure, heart rate and noradrenaline induced hypertension. Both extracts administered i.v. to urethane anaesthetized normotensive rats reduced mean arterial blood pressure and heart valve, while only the dichloromethanol extract prevented noradrenaline induced hypertension.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47965047,"asset_id":8888162,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19514017,"first_name":"Sara","last_name":"Calatayud","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SaraCalatayud","display_name":"Sara Calatayud","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaraCalatayud?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":52027,"name":"Phytotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phytotherapy?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":59404,"name":"Lamiaceae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lamiaceae?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":71399,"name":"Hypertension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypertension?f_ri=15019"},{"id":88321,"name":"Blood Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Pressure?f_ri=15019"},{"id":131298,"name":"Heart rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_rate?f_ri=15019"},{"id":235189,"name":"Norepinephrine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norepinephrine?f_ri=15019"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=15019"},{"id":354056,"name":"Plant extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts?f_ri=15019"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=15019"},{"id":564879,"name":"Wistar Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wistar_Rats?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1905343,"name":"Plant Leaves","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Leaves?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12563350" data-work_id="12563350" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12563350/In_Vitro_and_in_Vivo_Anti_Leishmanial_Activity_of_Triterpenoid_Saponins_Isolated_from_Maesa_b_alansae_and_Some_Chemical_Derivatives">In Vitro and in Vivo Anti-Leishmanial Activity of Triterpenoid Saponins Isolated from Maesa b alansae and Some Chemical Derivatives</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The methanolic extract from the leaves of the Vietnamese medicinal plant Maesa balansae showed potent in vitro and in vivo activity against the tropical protozoal parasite Leishmania infantum. Bioassay-guided purification of the extract... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12563350" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The methanolic extract from the leaves of the Vietnamese medicinal plant Maesa balansae showed potent in vitro and in vivo activity against the tropical protozoal parasite Leishmania infantum. Bioassay-guided purification of the extract led to the identification of six triterpenoid saponins, maesabalides I-VI (1-6), each having a strong and specific anti-leishmanial activity. Maesabalide III (3) and IV (4) were the most potent with IC 50 values against intracellular amastigotes of about 7 and 14 ng/mL. In comparison, the IC 50 value of sodium stibogluconate, the reference drug for treatment of leishmaniasis, is only 5.6 µg/mL. No cytotoxicity was present on a human fibroblast (MRC-5) cell line (CC 50 > 32µg/mL). In vivo evaluation in the BALB/C mouse model demonstrated that >90% reduction of liver amastigote burdens was obtained 1 week after a single subcutaneous dose at 0.2-0.4 mg/kg was administered. Several chemical derivatives of maesabalides I-VI were prepared in order to study the structure-activity relationship.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12563350" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9c5233f5ec32003b3ecf2f1d02b85ebe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46085788,"asset_id":12563350,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46085788/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31481506" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LouisMaes">Louis Maes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31481506" type="text/json">{"id":31481506,"first_name":"Louis","last_name":"Maes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LouisMaes","display_name":"Louis Maes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LouisMaes?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12563350 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12563350"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12563350, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12563350", }); 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Bioassay-guided purification of the extract led to the identification of six triterpenoid saponins, maesabalides I-VI (1-6), each having a strong and specific anti-leishmanial activity. Maesabalide III (3) and IV (4) were the most potent with IC 50 values against intracellular amastigotes of about 7 and 14 ng/mL. In comparison, the IC 50 value of sodium stibogluconate, the reference drug for treatment of leishmaniasis, is only 5.6 µg/mL. No cytotoxicity was present on a human fibroblast (MRC-5) cell line (CC 50 \u003e 32µg/mL). In vivo evaluation in the BALB/C mouse model demonstrated that \u003e90% reduction of liver amastigote burdens was obtained 1 week after a single subcutaneous dose at 0.2-0.4 mg/kg was administered. Several chemical derivatives of maesabalides I-VI were prepared in order to study the structure-activity relationship.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46085788,"asset_id":12563350,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31481506,"first_name":"Louis","last_name":"Maes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LouisMaes","display_name":"Louis Maes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LouisMaes?f_ri=15019","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":2375,"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Chemistry?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":22054,"name":"Saponins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saponins?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":71437,"name":"Liver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver?f_ri=15019"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=15019"},{"id":128004,"name":"Visceral Leishmaniasis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visceral_Leishmaniasis?f_ri=15019"},{"id":446162,"name":"Medicinal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal?f_ri=15019"},{"id":789996,"name":"Leishmania infantum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leishmania_infantum?f_ri=15019"},{"id":967839,"name":"Structure activity Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure_activity_Relationship?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1724844,"name":"Molecular Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Structure?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1758650,"name":"Triterpenes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Triterpenes?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18716526" data-work_id="18716526" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18716526/Sociopolitical_economical_and_ethical_issues_in_medicinal_plant_research">Sociopolitical, economical and ethical issues in medicinal plant research</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18716526" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="206c3aef1cdd8011486fad5322414db9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40216738,"asset_id":18716526,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40216738/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32617842" href="https://ufrgs.academia.edu/ElaineElisabetsky">Elaine Elisabetsky</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32617842" type="text/json">{"id":32617842,"first_name":"Elaine","last_name":"Elisabetsky","domain_name":"ufrgs","page_name":"ElaineElisabetsky","display_name":"Elaine Elisabetsky","profile_url":"https://ufrgs.academia.edu/ElaineElisabetsky?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32617842/15941186/16443686/s65_elaine.elisabetsky.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18716526 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18716526"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18716526, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18716526", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18716526]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18716526").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18716526").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18716526"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4083" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine">Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4083" type="text/json">{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5709" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics">Politics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5709" type="text/json">{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18716526]'), work: {"id":18716526,"title":"Sociopolitical, economical and ethical issues in medicinal plant research","created_at":"2015-11-20T11:15:18.318-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18716526/Sociopolitical_economical_and_ethical_issues_in_medicinal_plant_research?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_18716526","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40216738,"asset_id":18716526,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32617842,"first_name":"Elaine","last_name":"Elisabetsky","domain_name":"ufrgs","page_name":"ElaineElisabetsky","display_name":"Elaine Elisabetsky","profile_url":"https://ufrgs.academia.edu/ElaineElisabetsky?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32617842/15941186/16443686/s65_elaine.elisabetsky.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":4083,"name":"Complementary and Alternative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":9435,"name":"Medical Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Ethics?f_ri=15019"},{"id":14032,"name":"Ethnopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnopharmacology?f_ri=15019"},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019"},{"id":19870,"name":"Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research?f_ri=15019"},{"id":411275,"name":"Ethical Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Issues?f_ri=15019"},{"id":1134083,"name":"Medicinal Plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plant?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12882854" data-work_id="12882854" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12882854/ALTERNATIVE_METHOD_TO_PRODUCE_ADVENTITIOUS_ROOTS_OF_KACIP_FATIMAH_FOR_FLAVONOIDS_PRODUCTION">ALTERNATIVE METHOD TO PRODUCE ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS OF KACIP FATIMAH FOR FLAVONOIDS PRODUCTION</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">are rich with bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids and resorcinols, and they are often being used in herbal base medicine. Flavonoids is one of the important components that having the remarkable health promoting... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12882854" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">are rich with bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids and resorcinols, and they are often being used in herbal base medicine. Flavonoids is one of the important components that having the remarkable health promoting effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant activity, prevention of osteoporosis and anti-cancer. Unfortunately, due to the indiscriminate collection for the medicinal preparations, this plant species is gradually disappearing from its natural habitat. Thus, instead of getting the plant roots by removing them from nature or through normal cultivation, which take time for sufficient amount of production, the present research, using the in vitro technique, was performed. In this technique the roots formation was induced from leaf and stem explants without forming the other plant parts. Once the young roots culture was obtained, more cultures can be produced, which then take only about eight weeks to mature. Based on this age of culture, the component of flavonoids (R) compounds in the roots, which were determined using HPLC, was up to 95% similarity as in the original roots (OR) of Kacip Fatimah collected in a forest. The main flavonoids components obtained in the plant roots were rutin, naringin, myricetin, quercetin, apigenin and kaempferol.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12882854" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3e2855b2457d834874f16f881873ffb1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37864625,"asset_id":12882854,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37864625/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4504297" href="https://mardi.academia.edu/ZulHelmeyMohamadSabdin">Zul Helmey Mohamad Sabdin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4504297" type="text/json">{"id":4504297,"first_name":"Zul","last_name":"Helmey Mohamad Sabdin","domain_name":"mardi","page_name":"ZulHelmeyMohamadSabdin","display_name":"Zul Helmey Mohamad Sabdin","profile_url":"https://mardi.academia.edu/ZulHelmeyMohamadSabdin?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4504297/1854513/2203880/s65_zul.helmey_mohamad_sabdin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12882854 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12882854"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12882854, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12882854", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12882854]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12882854").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12882854").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12882854"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Products_Chemistry">Natural Products Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2803" type="text/json">{"id":2803,"name":"Natural Products Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Products_Chemistry?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9981" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Tissue_Culture">Plant Tissue Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9981" type="text/json">{"id":9981,"name":"Plant Tissue Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Tissue_Culture?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants">Medicinal Plants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15019" type="text/json">{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12882854]'), work: {"id":12882854,"title":"ALTERNATIVE METHOD TO PRODUCE ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS OF KACIP FATIMAH FOR FLAVONOIDS PRODUCTION","created_at":"2015-06-09T04:59:08.737-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12882854/ALTERNATIVE_METHOD_TO_PRODUCE_ADVENTITIOUS_ROOTS_OF_KACIP_FATIMAH_FOR_FLAVONOIDS_PRODUCTION?f_ri=15019","dom_id":"work_12882854","summary":"are rich with bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids and resorcinols, and they are often being used in herbal base medicine. Flavonoids is one of the important components that having the remarkable health promoting effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant activity, prevention of osteoporosis and anti-cancer. Unfortunately, due to the indiscriminate collection for the medicinal preparations, this plant species is gradually disappearing from its natural habitat. Thus, instead of getting the plant roots by removing them from nature or through normal cultivation, which take time for sufficient amount of production, the present research, using the in vitro technique, was performed. In this technique the roots formation was induced from leaf and stem explants without forming the other plant parts. Once the young roots culture was obtained, more cultures can be produced, which then take only about eight weeks to mature. Based on this age of culture, the component of flavonoids (R) compounds in the roots, which were determined using HPLC, was up to 95% similarity as in the original roots (OR) of Kacip Fatimah collected in a forest. The main flavonoids components obtained in the plant roots were rutin, naringin, myricetin, quercetin, apigenin and kaempferol.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37864625,"asset_id":12882854,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4504297,"first_name":"Zul","last_name":"Helmey Mohamad Sabdin","domain_name":"mardi","page_name":"ZulHelmeyMohamadSabdin","display_name":"Zul Helmey Mohamad Sabdin","profile_url":"https://mardi.academia.edu/ZulHelmeyMohamadSabdin?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4504297/1854513/2203880/s65_zul.helmey_mohamad_sabdin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2803,"name":"Natural Products Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Products_Chemistry?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":9981,"name":"Plant Tissue Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Tissue_Culture?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9975902" data-work_id="9975902" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9975902/Effects_of_phytate_on_thyroid_gland_of_rats_intoxicated_with_cadmium">Effects of phytate on thyroid gland of rats intoxicated with cadmium</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cadmium(Cd) is one of the most dangerous occupational and environmental toxins. The objective of the present study is to examine the potential prophylactic effects of phytic acid (PA) on thyroid hormones of male rats intoxicated with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9975902" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cadmium(Cd) is one of the most dangerous occupational and environmental toxins. The objective of the present <br />study is to examine the potential prophylactic effects of phytic acid (PA) on thyroid hormones of male rats <br />intoxicated with Cd. The male albino rats were divided into five groups: group I (control) was fed with the basal <br />diet, group II was intoxicated with Cd in drinking water, groups III, IV, and V were intoxicated with Cd in drinking <br />water and fed with the diet containing 3.5, 7, and 10 g of PA/kg, respectively. The results indicated that the serum <br />calcium, iron (Fe), and total Fe binding capacity levels and serum T3 and T4 in Cd-treated rats of group II were <br />decreased when compared with the control group, while PA-administered groups with Cd showed a significant <br />improvement when compared with the Cd-treated rats only. Serumthyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level was <br />significantly increased in Cd-treated rats compared with the control group, while the addition of PA in diet <br />decreased the high levels of TSH. These results indicated a prophylactic effect of PA against Cd-induced toxicity <br />in rats. <br />Keywords <br />Cadmium, phytic acid, thyroid, T3, T4, TSH, toxicity</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9975902" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9bad12b577c033cb477efeafd904e6af" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36120185,"asset_id":9975902,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36120185/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxMzM0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12526371" href="https://6te.academia.edu/doaaelgamal">doaa elgamal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12526371" type="text/json">{"id":12526371,"first_name":"doaa","last_name":"elgamal","domain_name":"6te","page_name":"doaaelgamal","display_name":"doaa elgamal","profile_url":"https://6te.academia.edu/doaaelgamal?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12526371/3578088/7401577/s65_doaa.elgamal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9975902 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9975902"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9975902, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9975902", }); 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The objective of the present\r\nstudy is to examine the potential prophylactic effects of phytic acid (PA) on thyroid hormones of male rats\r\nintoxicated with Cd. The male albino rats were divided into five groups: group I (control) was fed with the basal\r\ndiet, group II was intoxicated with Cd in drinking water, groups III, IV, and V were intoxicated with Cd in drinking\r\nwater and fed with the diet containing 3.5, 7, and 10 g of PA/kg, respectively. The results indicated that the serum\r\ncalcium, iron (Fe), and total Fe binding capacity levels and serum T3 and T4 in Cd-treated rats of group II were\r\ndecreased when compared with the control group, while PA-administered groups with Cd showed a significant\r\nimprovement when compared with the Cd-treated rats only. Serumthyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level was\r\nsignificantly increased in Cd-treated rats compared with the control group, while the addition of PA in diet\r\ndecreased the high levels of TSH. These results indicated a prophylactic effect of PA against Cd-induced toxicity\r\nin rats.\r\nKeywords\r\nCadmium, phytic acid, thyroid, T3, T4, TSH, toxicity","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36120185,"asset_id":9975902,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12526371,"first_name":"doaa","last_name":"elgamal","domain_name":"6te","page_name":"doaaelgamal","display_name":"doaa elgamal","profile_url":"https://6te.academia.edu/doaaelgamal?f_ri=15019","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12526371/3578088/7401577/s65_doaa.elgamal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2867,"name":"Environmental Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Toxicology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":13828,"name":"Cancer Cell Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Cell_Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":14195,"name":"Cancer Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Biology?f_ri=15019","nofollow":true},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=15019"},{"id":22255,"name":"Cancer Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Research?f_ri=15019"},{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=15019"},{"id":46992,"name":"Molecular Biology Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology_Cancer?f_ri=15019"},{"id":53755,"name":"Apoptosis and Molecular Signaling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis_and_Molecular_Signaling?f_ri=15019"},{"id":66089,"name":"Tissue culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tissue_culture?f_ri=15019"},{"id":68124,"name":"Mushrooms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mushrooms?f_ri=15019"},{"id":125912,"name":"Medicinal mushrooms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_mushrooms?f_ri=15019"},{"id":209028,"name":"Medicinal Mushrooms: Their Therapeutic Properties and Current Medical Usage with Special Emphasis on Cancer Treatments by Cancer Research UK (the American equivalent to the US National Cancer Institute), 2001.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Mushrooms_Their_Therapeutic_Properties_and_Current_Medical_Usage_with_Special_Emphasis_on-1?f_ri=15019"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?after=50%2C9975902" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?page=last">Last 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