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Portal:China - Wikipedia
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Available in 4 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Volksrepublik_China" title="Portal:Volksrepublik China – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portal:Volksrepublik China" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:R%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Chine" title="Portail:République populaire de Chine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Portail:République populaire de Chine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0:%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="प्रवेशद्वार:चीनी जनवादी गणराज्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रवेशद्वार:चीनी जनवादी गणराज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="Portal:中华人民共和国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Portal:中华人民共和国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13365337#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-portal" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg/30px-Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg/45px-Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg/60px-Darkgreen_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><span style="font-size:108%;"><b>Portal maintenance status:</b></span> <small>(October 2020)</small> <ul><li>This portal's <a 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Learn how to <a href="/wiki/Template:Portal_maintenance_status#How_to_update_the_maintenance_information_for_a_portal" title="Template:Portal maintenance status">update the maintenance information here</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r888483065">.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left{float:left;width:50%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right{float:right;width:49%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left-wide{float:left;width:60%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right-narrow{float:right;width:39%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left-extra-wide{float:left;width:70%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right-extra-narrow{float:right;width:29%}@media only screen and (max-width:800px){.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left-wide,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right-narrow,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left-extra-wide,.mw-parser-output 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.hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist noprint" style="text-align: center"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal topics</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Human_activities" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Activities</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Culture_and_the_arts" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Geography_and_places" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Geography</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Health_and_fitness" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Health</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#History_and_events" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">History</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Mathematics_and_logic" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Mathematics</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Natural_and_physical_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Nature</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#People_and_self" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">People</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Philosophy_and_thinking" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Philosophy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Religion_and_belief_systems" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Religion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Society_and_social_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Society</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Technology_and_applied_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Technology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></dd></dl> </div></div> <table width="100%" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="10" style="background: #F3E5AB; border-top: 3px solid #DA9100; border-left: 3px solid #DA9100; border-right: 3px solid #DA9100; border-bottom: 2px solid #DA9100;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="55%" style="vertical-align:top;padding: 0; margin:0;"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia portal for content related to China</div> <div style="clear:both; width:100%"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FIntro&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/China_portal.png" decoding="async" width="658" height="77" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="77" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="P:ZH"></span><span id="P:CHN"></span><span id="P:CHINA"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P:ZH&redirect=no">P:ZH</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P:CHN&redirect=no">P:CHN</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P:CHINA&redirect=no">P:CHINA</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <div style="float:left;margin-right:1em;text-align:center;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_satellite.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Satellite image of China"><img alt="Satellite image of China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/China_satellite.png/150px-China_satellite.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/China_satellite.png/225px-China_satellite.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/China_satellite.png/300px-China_satellite.png 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="956" /></a></span><br /> <small><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_China" title="Geography of China">Geography of China</a></small> </p> </div> <p><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></b>, officially the <b>People's Republic of China</b> (<b>PRC</b>), is a country in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>. With <a href="/wiki/Population_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Population of China">a population</a> exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_(United_Nations)" title="List of countries by population (United Nations)">second-most populous country</a> after <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, representing 17.4% of the world population. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and <a href="/wiki/Borders_of_China" title="Borders of China">borders fourteen countries by land</a>. With an area of nearly 9.6 million square kilometers (3,700,000 sq mi), it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">third-largest country</a> by total land area. The country is divided into 33 <a href="/wiki/Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Province-level divisions of China">province-level divisions</a>: 22 <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">provinces</a>, five <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">autonomous regions</a>, four <a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">municipalities</a>, and two semi-autonomous <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Special administrative regions">special administrative regions</a>. <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> is the country's capital, while <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> is <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population" title="List of cities in China by population">its most populous city by urban area</a> and largest <a href="/wiki/Financial_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial center">financial center</a>. </p><p>China is considered one of the <a href="/wiki/Cradles_of_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Cradles of civilization">cradles of civilization</a>: the first human inhabitants in the region arrived during the <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a>. By the late 2nd millennium BCE, the earliest <a href="/wiki/Dynasties_in_Chinese_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasties in Chinese history">dynastic states</a> had emerged in the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> basin. The 8th–3rd centuries BCE saw a breakdown in the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a>, accompanied by the emergence of administrative and military techniques, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_classics" title="Chinese classics">literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_philosophy" title="Chinese philosophy">philosophy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_historiography" title="Chinese historiography">historiography</a>. In 221 BCE, China was unified under <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">an emperor</a>, ushering in more than two millennia of imperial dynasties including the <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ming" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming">Ming</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Qing" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing">Qing</a>. With the <a href="/wiki/Invention_of_gunpowder" class="mw-redirect" title="Invention of gunpowder">invention of gunpowder</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_paper#Paper_in_China" title="History of paper">paper</a>, the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a>, and the building of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Wall">Great Wall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a> flourished and has <a href="/wiki/Sinosphere" title="Sinosphere">heavily influenced both its neighbors</a> and lands further afield. However, China began to cede <a href="/wiki/Foreign_concessions_in_China" title="Foreign concessions in China">parts of the country</a> in the late 19th century to various European powers by a series of <a href="/wiki/Unequal_treaties" title="Unequal treaties">unequal treaties</a>. </p><p>China is a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary</a> one-party <a href="/wiki/Socialist_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist republic">socialist republic</a> led by the CCP. It is one of the five <a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">permanent members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a>; the UN representative for China was changed from the ROC to the PRC in 1971. 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Making up around one-fifth of the world economy, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese economy">Chinese economy</a> is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">largest economy by PPP-adjusted GDP</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">second-largest economy by nominal GDP</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_wealth#Total_wealth_by_country" title="List of countries by total wealth">second-wealthiest country</a>, albeit <a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_China" title="International rankings of China">ranking poorly</a> in measures of <a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_China" title="Democracy in China">democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">human rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">religious freedom</a>. The country has been one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_real_GDP_growth_rate" title="List of countries by real GDP growth rate">fastest-growing</a> major economies and is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_manufacturing_output" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by manufacturing output">largest manufacturer</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_exports" title="List of countries by exports">exporter</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_imports" title="List of countries by imports">second-largest importer</a>. China is a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear-weapon_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear-weapon state">nuclear-weapon state</a> with the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_military_and_paramilitary_personnel" title="List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel">largest standing army by military personnel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by military expenditures">second-largest defense budget</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">great power</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China_as_a_potential_superpower" class="mw-redirect" title="China as a potential superpower">has been described as an emerging superpower</a>. 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<span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:China&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>load new batch</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="text-align: center;"><i><small>This is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FA">featured article</a>, which represents some of the best content on English Wikipedia.</small></i></div> <hr /> <div style="font-size:105%;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r987512734">.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div:nth-child(1){padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li:nth-child(n/**/+2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container .gallery .gallerybox,.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container .gallery .gallerybox div{width:100%!important;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li:not(.gallerycarousel)>div>div:nth-child(1){display:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1021884966">.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container>.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .randomSlideshow-sr-only{display:block;width:1px;height:1px;text-indent:-999px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{display:inline-block!important;padding:0.2em 0.3em}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{transform:scale(1.4)}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label:last-child{display:none!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{display:block;margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox li,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox p{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow:first-child{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);display:inline-block;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{order:99999;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{flex:0 0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div>div{width:inherit!important;max-width:100%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .nomobile+ul label{display:none!important}</style><div class="randomSlideshow-container excerptSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1 Zhou Tong stroking his beard Zhou Tong (Chinese: 周同 and 周侗; pinyin: Zhōu Tóng) (died late 1121 CE) was the archery teacher and second military arts tutor of famous Song dynasty general Yue Fei. Originally a local hero from Henan, he was hired to continue Yue Fei's military training in archery after the boy had rapidly mastered spearplay under his first teacher. In addition to the future general, Zhou accepted other children as archery pupils. During his tutelage, Zhou taught the children all of his skills and even rewarded Yue with his two favorite bows because he was his best pupil. After Zhou's death, Yue would regularly visit his tomb twice a month and perform unorthodox sacrifices that far surpassed that done for even beloved tutors. Yue later taught what he had learned from Zhou to his soldiers and they were successful in battle. With the publishing of Yue Fei's 17th folklore biography, The Story of Yue Fei (1684), a new, fictional Zhou Tong emerged, who differed greatly from his historical persona. Not only was he now from Shaanxi, but he was Yue's adopted father, a learned scholar with knowledge of the eighteen weapons of war, and his personal name was spelled with a different, yet related, Chinese character. The novel's author portrayed him as an elderly widower and military arts tutor who counted Lin Chong and Lu Junyi, two of the fictional 108 outlaws on which the Water Margin is based, among his former pupils. A later republican era folktale by noted Yangzhou storyteller Wang Shaotang not only adds Wu Song to this list, but represents Zhou as a knight-errant with supreme swordsmanship. The tale also gives him the nickname "Iron Arm", which he shares with the executioner-turned-outlaw Cai Fu, and makes the outlaw Lu Zhishen his sworn brother. Because of his association with the outlaws, he is often confused with the similarly named outlaw Zhou Tong. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 1 Zhou Tong stroking his beard Zhou Tong (Chinese: 周同 and 周侗; pinyin: Zhōu Tóng) (died late 1121 CE) was the archery teacher and second military arts tutor of famous Song dynasty general Yue Fei. Originally a local hero from Henan, he was hired to continue Yue Fei's military training in archery after the boy had rapidly mastered spearplay under his first teacher. In addition to the future general, Zhou accepted other children as archery pupils. During his tutelage, Zhou taught the children all of his skills and even rewarded Yue with his two favorite bows because he was his best pupil. After Zhou's death, Yue would regularly visit his tomb twice a month and perform unorthodox sacrifices that far surpassed that done for even beloved tutors. Yue later taught what he had learned from Zhou to his soldiers and they were successful in battle. With the publishing of Yue Fei's 17th folklore biography, The Story of Yue Fei (1684), a new, fictional Zhou Tong emerged, who differed greatly from his historical persona. Not only was he now from Shaanxi, but he was Yue's adopted father, a learned scholar with knowledge of the eighteen weapons of war, and his personal name was spelled with a different, yet related, Chinese character. The novel's author portrayed him as an elderly widower and military arts tutor who counted Lin Chong and Lu Junyi, two of the fictional 108 outlaws on which the Water Margin is based, among his former pupils. A later republican era folktale by noted Yangzhou storyteller Wang Shaotang not only adds Wu Song to this list, but represents Zhou as a knight-errant with supreme swordsmanship. The tale also gives him the nickname "Iron Arm", which he shares with the executioner-turned-outlaw Cai Fu, and makes the outlaw Lu Zhishen his sworn brother. Because of his association with the outlaws, he is often confused with the similarly named outlaw Zhou Tong. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhou_Tong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Zhou_Tong.jpg/220px-Zhou_Tong.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Zhou_Tong.jpg/330px-Zhou_Tong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Zhou_Tong.jpg/440px-Zhou_Tong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="617" data-file-height="909" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Zhou Tong stroking his beard</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Tong_(archer)" title="Zhou Tong (archer)">Zhou Tong</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">周同</span> and 周侗; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Zhōu Tóng) (died late 1121 CE) was the <a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">archery</a> teacher and second military arts tutor of famous <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> general <a href="/wiki/Yue_Fei" title="Yue Fei">Yue Fei</a>. Originally a local hero from <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>, he was hired to continue Yue Fei's military training in archery after the boy had rapidly mastered spearplay under his first teacher. In addition to the future general, Zhou accepted other children as archery pupils. During his tutelage, Zhou taught the children all of his skills and even rewarded Yue with his two favorite bows because he was his best pupil. After Zhou's death, Yue would regularly visit his tomb twice a month and perform unorthodox sacrifices that far surpassed that done for even beloved tutors. Yue later taught what he had learned from Zhou to his soldiers and they were successful in battle.<br /><br />With the publishing of Yue Fei's 17th folklore biography, <i><a href="/wiki/Yue_Fei#Story_of_Yue_Fei" title="Yue Fei">The Story of Yue Fei</a></i> (1684), a new, fictional Zhou Tong emerged, who differed greatly from his historical persona. Not only was he now from <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>, but he was Yue's adopted father, a learned scholar with knowledge of the <a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Arms_of_Wushu" title="Eighteen Arms of Wushu">eighteen weapons of war</a>, and his <a href="/wiki/Personal_name" title="Personal name">personal name</a> was spelled with a different, yet related, Chinese character. The novel's author portrayed him as an elderly widower and military arts tutor who counted <a href="/wiki/Lin_Chong" title="Lin Chong">Lin Chong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lu_Junyi" title="Lu Junyi">Lu Junyi</a>, two of the fictional <a href="/wiki/Water_Margin#Index_of_the_108_heroes" title="Water Margin">108 outlaws</a> on which the <i><a href="/wiki/Water_Margin" title="Water Margin">Water Margin</a></i> is based, among his former pupils. A later <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">republican era</a> <a href="/wiki/Media_about_Zhou_Tong#How_Wu_Song_becomes_Zhou's_student" class="mw-redirect" title="Media about Zhou Tong">folktale</a> by noted <a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a> storyteller <a href="/wiki/Wang_Shaotang" title="Wang Shaotang">Wang Shaotang</a> not only adds <a href="/wiki/Wu_Song" title="Wu Song">Wu Song</a> to this list, but represents Zhou as a <a href="/wiki/Youxia" title="Youxia">knight-errant</a> with supreme swordsmanship. The tale also gives him the nickname "Iron Arm", which he shares with the <a href="/wiki/Executioner" title="Executioner">executioner</a>-turned-outlaw <a href="/wiki/Cai_Fu" title="Cai Fu">Cai Fu</a>, and makes the outlaw <a href="/wiki/Lu_Zhishen" title="Lu Zhishen">Lu Zhishen</a> his <a href="/wiki/Sworn_brother" class="mw-redirect" title="Sworn brother">sworn brother</a>. Because of his association with the outlaws, he is often confused with the similarly named outlaw <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Tong_(Water_Margin)" title="Zhou Tong (Water Margin)">Zhou Tong</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Tong_(archer)" title="Zhou Tong (archer)">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2 Eastern Hemisphere in AD 50, the middle of the first century Between the Roman Empire and the Han dynasty, as well as between the later Eastern Roman Empire and various successive Chinese dynasties, there were (primarily indirect) contacts and flows of trade goods, information, and occasional travelers between. These empires inched progressively closer to each other in the course of the Roman expansion into ancient Western Asia and of the simultaneous Han military incursions into Central Asia. Mutual awareness remained low, and firm knowledge about each other was limited. Surviving records document only a few attempts at direct contact. Intermediate empires such as the Parthians and Kushans, seeking to maintain control over the lucrative silk trade, inhibited direct contact between the two ancient Eurasian powers. In 97 AD, the Chinese general Ban Chao tried to send his envoy Gan Ying to Rome, but Parthians dissuaded Gan from venturing beyond the Persian Gulf. Ancient Chinese historians recorded several alleged Roman emissaries to China. The first one on record, supposedly either from the Roman emperor Antoninus Pius or from his adopted son Marcus Aurelius, arrived in 166 AD. Others are recorded as arriving in 226 and 284 AD, followed by a long hiatus until the first recorded Byzantine embassy in 643 AD. The indirect exchange of goods on land along the Silk Road and sea routes involved (for example) Chinese silk, Roman glassware and high-quality cloth. Roman coins minted from the 1st century AD onwards have been found in China, as well as a coin of Maximian (Roman emperor from 286 to 305 AD) and medallions from the reigns of Antoninus Pius (r. 138–161 AD) and Marcus Aurelius (r. 161–180 AD) in Jiaozhi (in present-day Vietnam), the same region at which Chinese sources claim the Romans first landed. Roman glassware and silverware have been discovered at Chinese archaeological sites dated to the Han period (202 BC to 220 AD). Roman coins and glass beads have also been found in the Japanese archipelago. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 2 Eastern Hemisphere in AD 50, the middle of the first century Between the Roman Empire and the Han dynasty, as well as between the later Eastern Roman Empire and various successive Chinese dynasties, there were (primarily indirect) contacts and flows of trade goods, information, and occasional travelers between. These empires inched progressively closer to each other in the course of the Roman expansion into ancient Western Asia and of the simultaneous Han military incursions into Central Asia. Mutual awareness remained low, and firm knowledge about each other was limited. Surviving records document only a few attempts at direct contact. Intermediate empires such as the Parthians and Kushans, seeking to maintain control over the lucrative silk trade, inhibited direct contact between the two ancient Eurasian powers. In 97 AD, the Chinese general Ban Chao tried to send his envoy Gan Ying to Rome, but Parthians dissuaded Gan from venturing beyond the Persian Gulf. Ancient Chinese historians recorded several alleged Roman emissaries to China. The first one on record, supposedly either from the Roman emperor Antoninus Pius or from his adopted son Marcus Aurelius, arrived in 166 AD. Others are recorded as arriving in 226 and 284 AD, followed by a long hiatus until the first recorded Byzantine embassy in 643 AD. The indirect exchange of goods on land along the Silk Road and sea routes involved (for example) Chinese silk, Roman glassware and high-quality cloth. Roman coins minted from the 1st century AD onwards have been found in China, as well as a coin of Maximian (Roman emperor from 286 to 305 AD) and medallions from the reigns of Antoninus Pius (r. 138–161 AD) and Marcus Aurelius (r. 161–180 AD) in Jiaozhi (in present-day Vietnam), the same region at which Chinese sources claim the Romans first landed. Roman glassware and silverware have been discovered at Chinese archaeological sites dated to the Han period (202 BC to 220 AD). Roman coins and glass beads have also been found in the Japanese archipelago. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:East-Hem_050ad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/East-Hem_050ad.jpg/220px-East-Hem_050ad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/East-Hem_050ad.jpg/330px-East-Hem_050ad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/East-Hem_050ad.jpg/440px-East-Hem_050ad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="1903" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere" title="Eastern Hemisphere">Eastern Hemisphere</a> in <a href="/wiki/AD_50" title="AD 50">AD 50</a>, the middle of the first century</div></div></div></div><br />Between the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>, as well as between the later <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a> and various <a href="/wiki/Dynasties_in_Chinese_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasties in Chinese history">successive Chinese dynasties</a>, there were (primarily indirect) contacts and flows of trade goods, information, and occasional travelers between. These empires inched progressively closer to each other in the course of the Roman expansion into <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">ancient Western Asia</a> and of the simultaneous <a href="/wiki/Han%E2%80%93Xiongnu_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Han–Xiongnu War">Han military incursions</a> <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty_in_Inner_Asia" title="Han dynasty in Inner Asia">into Central Asia</a>. Mutual awareness remained low, and firm knowledge about each other was limited. Surviving records document only a few attempts at direct contact. Intermediate empires such as the <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushans</a>, seeking to maintain control over the lucrative <a href="/wiki/Silk_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Silk trade">silk trade</a>, inhibited direct contact between the two ancient <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasian</a> powers. In 97 AD, the <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_China_before_1912" title="Military history of China before 1912">Chinese</a> general <a href="/wiki/Ban_Chao" title="Ban Chao">Ban Chao</a> tried to send his envoy <a href="/wiki/Gan_Ying" title="Gan Ying">Gan Ying</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Parthians</a> dissuaded Gan from venturing beyond the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>. Ancient Chinese historians recorded several alleged Roman emissaries to China. The first one on record, supposedly either from the Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a> or from his adopted son <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a>, arrived in 166 AD. Others are recorded as arriving in 226 and 284 AD, followed by a long hiatus until the first recorded <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_diplomacy" title="Byzantine diplomacy">Byzantine embassy</a> in 643 AD.<br /><br />The indirect exchange of goods on land along the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indo%E2%80%93Roman_trade_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo–Roman trade relations">sea routes</a> involved (for example) Chinese <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_glass" title="Roman glass">Roman glassware</a> and high-quality cloth. <a href="/wiki/Roman_currency" title="Roman currency">Roman coins</a> minted from the 1st century AD onwards have been found in China, as well as a coin of <a href="/wiki/Maximian" title="Maximian">Maximian</a> (Roman emperor from 286 to 305 AD) and <a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">medallions</a> from the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Nerva%E2%80%93Antonine_dynasty" title="Nerva–Antonine dynasty">Antoninus Pius</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 138–161 AD</span>) and <a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Marcus_Aurelius" title="Reign of Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 161–180 AD</span>) in <a href="/wiki/Jiaozhi" title="Jiaozhi">Jiaozhi</a> (in present-day <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>), the same region at which Chinese sources claim the Romans first landed. Roman glassware and silverware have been discovered at Chinese archaeological sites dated to the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Han_dynasty" title="History of the Han dynasty">Han period</a> (202 BC to 220 AD). Roman coins and glass beads have also been found in the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_archipelago" title="Japanese archipelago">Japanese archipelago</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Sino-Roman_relations" title="Sino-Roman relations">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3 A stamp of Zhang Heng issued by China Post in 1955 Zhang Heng (Chinese: 張衡; AD 78–139), formerly romanized Chang Heng, was a Chinese polymathic scientist and statesman who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty. Educated in the capital cities of Luoyang and Chang'an, he achieved success as an astronomer, mathematician, seismologist, hydraulic engineer, inventor, geographer, cartographer, ethnographer, artist, poet, philosopher, politician, and literary scholar. Zhang Heng began his career as a minor civil servant in Nanyang. Eventually, he became Chief Astronomer, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, and then Palace Attendant at the imperial court. His uncompromising stance on historical and calendrical issues led to his becoming a controversial figure, preventing him from rising to the status of Grand Historian. His political rivalry with the palace eunuchs during the reign of Emperor Shun (r. 125–144) led to his decision to retire from the central court to serve as an administrator of Hejian Kingdom in present-day Hebei. Zhang returned home to Nanyang for a short time, before being recalled to serve in the capital once more in 138. He died there a year later, in 139. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 3 A stamp of Zhang Heng issued by China Post in 1955 Zhang Heng (Chinese: 張衡; AD 78–139), formerly romanized Chang Heng, was a Chinese polymathic scientist and statesman who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty. Educated in the capital cities of Luoyang and Chang'an, he achieved success as an astronomer, mathematician, seismologist, hydraulic engineer, inventor, geographer, cartographer, ethnographer, artist, poet, philosopher, politician, and literary scholar. Zhang Heng began his career as a minor civil servant in Nanyang. Eventually, he became Chief Astronomer, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, and then Palace Attendant at the imperial court. His uncompromising stance on historical and calendrical issues led to his becoming a controversial figure, preventing him from rising to the status of Grand Historian. His political rivalry with the palace eunuchs during the reign of Emperor Shun (r. 125–144) led to his decision to retire from the central court to serve as an administrator of Hejian Kingdom in present-day Hebei. Zhang returned home to Nanyang for a short time, before being recalled to serve in the capital once more in 138. He died there a year later, in 139. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhang_Heng.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Zhang_Heng.jpg/220px-Zhang_Heng.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Zhang_Heng.jpg/330px-Zhang_Heng.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Zhang_Heng.jpg/440px-Zhang_Heng.jpg 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="1044" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">A stamp of Zhang Heng issued by <a href="/wiki/China_Post" title="China Post">China Post</a> in 1955</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Heng" title="Zhang Heng">Zhang Heng</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B5" class="extiw" title="wikt:張">張</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A1%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:衡">衡</a></span>; AD 78–139), formerly <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Chinese" title="Romanization of Chinese">romanized</a> <b>Chang Heng</b>, was a Chinese <a href="/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">polymathic</a> scientist and statesman who lived during the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty#Eastern_Han_(25–220_AD)" title="Han dynasty">Eastern Han dynasty</a>. Educated in the capital cities of <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a>, he achieved success as an <a href="/wiki/Chinese_astronomy" title="Chinese astronomy">astronomer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_mathematics" title="Chinese mathematics">mathematician</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seismologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Seismologist">seismologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic engineer">hydraulic engineer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inventor" class="mw-redirect" title="Inventor">inventor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geographer" title="Geographer">geographer</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography#China" title="History of cartography">cartographer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnographer">ethnographer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_painting" title="Chinese painting">artist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">poet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosopher</a>, politician, and literary scholar.<br /><br />Zhang Heng began his career as a minor civil servant in <a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a>. Eventually, he became Chief Astronomer, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, and then Palace Attendant at the imperial court. His uncompromising stance on historical and calendrical issues led to his becoming a controversial figure, preventing him from rising to the status of Grand Historian. His political rivalry with the palace <a href="/wiki/Eunuch" title="Eunuch">eunuchs</a> during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shun_of_Han" title="Emperor Shun of Han">Emperor Shun</a> (r. 125–144) led to his decision to retire from the central court to serve as an administrator of <a href="/wiki/Hejian_Kingdom" title="Hejian Kingdom">Hejian Kingdom</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a>. Zhang returned home to Nanyang for a short time, before being recalled to serve in the capital once more in 138. He died there a year later, in 139. (<b><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Heng" title="Zhang Heng">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4 The Ming dynasty (/mɪŋ/ MING), officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people, the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng (who established the short-lived Shun dynasty), numerous rump regimes ruled by remnants of the Ming imperial family—collectively called the Southern Ming—survived until 1662. The Ming dynasty's founder, the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398), attempted to create a society of self-sufficient rural communities ordered in a rigid, immobile system that would guarantee and support a permanent class of soldiers for his dynasty: the empire's standing army exceeded one million troops and the navy's dockyards in Nanjing were the largest in the world. He also took great care breaking the power of the court eunuchs and unrelated magnates, enfeoffing his many sons throughout China and attempting to guide these princes through the Huang-Ming Zuxun, a set of published dynastic instructions. This failed when his teenage successor, the Jianwen Emperor, attempted to curtail his uncle's power, prompting the Jingnan campaign, an uprising that placed the Prince of Yan upon the throne as the Yongle Emperor in 1402. The Yongle Emperor established Yan as a secondary capital and renamed it Beijing, constructed the Forbidden City, and restored the Grand Canal and the primacy of the imperial examinations in official appointments. He rewarded his eunuch supporters and employed them as a counterweight against the Confucian scholar-bureaucrats. One eunuch, Zheng He, led seven enormous voyages of exploration into the Indian Ocean as far as Arabia and the eastern coasts of Africa. Hongwu and Yongle emperors had also expanded the empire's rule into Inner Asia. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 4 The Ming dynasty (/mɪŋ/ MING), officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people, the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng (who established the short-lived Shun dynasty), numerous rump regimes ruled by remnants of the Ming imperial family—collectively called the Southern Ming—survived until 1662. The Ming dynasty's founder, the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398), attempted to create a society of self-sufficient rural communities ordered in a rigid, immobile system that would guarantee and support a permanent class of soldiers for his dynasty: the empire's standing army exceeded one million troops and the navy's dockyards in Nanjing were the largest in the world. He also took great care breaking the power of the court eunuchs and unrelated magnates, enfeoffing his many sons throughout China and attempting to guide these princes through the Huang-Ming Zuxun, a set of published dynastic instructions. This failed when his teenage successor, the Jianwen Emperor, attempted to curtail his uncle's power, prompting the Jingnan campaign, an uprising that placed the Prince of Yan upon the throne as the Yongle Emperor in 1402. The Yongle Emperor established Yan as a secondary capital and renamed it Beijing, constructed the Forbidden City, and restored the Grand Canal and the primacy of the imperial examinations in official appointments. He rewarded his eunuch supporters and employed them as a counterweight against the Confucian scholar-bureaucrats. One eunuch, Zheng He, led seven enormous voyages of exploration into the Indian Ocean as far as Arabia and the eastern coasts of Africa. Hongwu and Yongle emperors had also expanded the empire's rule into Inner Asia. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Ming_dynasty.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Seal_of_Ming_dynasty.svg/220px-Seal_of_Ming_dynasty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Seal_of_Ming_dynasty.svg/330px-Seal_of_Ming_dynasty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Seal_of_Ming_dynasty.svg/440px-Seal_of_Ming_dynasty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="492" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a></b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">MING</span></i></a>), officially the <b>Great Ming</b>, was an <a href="/wiki/Dynasties_of_China" title="Dynasties of China">imperial dynasty of China</a>, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a>. The Ming dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han people</a>, the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by <a href="/wiki/Li_Zicheng" title="Li Zicheng">Li Zicheng</a> (who established the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Shun_dynasty" title="Shun dynasty">Shun dynasty</a>), numerous <a href="/wiki/Rump_state" title="Rump state">rump regimes</a> ruled by remnants of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Zhu" title="House of Zhu">Ming imperial family</a>—collectively called the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ming" title="Southern Ming">Southern Ming</a>—survived until 1662.<br /><br />The Ming dynasty's founder, the <a href="/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor" title="Hongwu Emperor">Hongwu Emperor</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> </span>1368–1398), attempted to create a society of self-sufficient rural communities ordered in a rigid, immobile system that would guarantee and support a permanent class of soldiers for his dynasty: the empire's standing army exceeded one million troops and the <a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_China" title="Naval history of China">navy</a>'s dockyards in <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> were the largest in the world. He also took great care breaking the power of the <a href="/wiki/Eunuch_(court_official)#China" class="mw-redirect" title="Eunuch (court official)">court eunuchs</a> and unrelated magnates, <a href="/wiki/Enfeoffment" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfeoffment">enfeoffing</a> his many sons throughout China and attempting to guide these princes through the <i><a href="/wiki/Huang-Ming_Zuxun" title="Huang-Ming Zuxun">Huang-Ming Zuxun</a></i>, a set of published dynastic instructions. This failed when his teenage successor, the <a href="/wiki/Jianwen_Emperor" title="Jianwen Emperor">Jianwen Emperor</a>, attempted to curtail his uncle's power, prompting the <a href="/wiki/Jingnan_campaign" title="Jingnan campaign">Jingnan campaign</a>, an uprising that placed the Prince of Yan upon the throne as the <a href="/wiki/Yongle_Emperor" title="Yongle Emperor">Yongle Emperor</a> in 1402. The Yongle Emperor established Yan as a secondary capital and renamed it <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, constructed the <a href="/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Forbidden City</a>, and restored the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Canal of China">Grand Canal</a> and the primacy of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_examination" title="Imperial examination">imperial examinations</a> in official appointments. He rewarded his eunuch supporters and employed them as a counterweight against the Confucian <a href="/wiki/Scholar-bureaucrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholar-bureaucrats">scholar-bureaucrats</a>. One eunuch, <a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a>, led seven enormous <a href="/wiki/Ming_treasure_voyages" title="Ming treasure voyages">voyages of exploration</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> as far as Arabia and the eastern coasts of Africa. Hongwu and Yongle emperors had also <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty_in_Inner_Asia" title="Ming dynasty in Inner Asia">expanded the empire's rule</a> into <a href="/wiki/Inner_Asia" title="Inner Asia">Inner Asia</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5 The Western Han dynasty in 2 AD   Principalities and centrally-administered commanderies   Protectorate of the Western Regions (Tarim Basin) The Han dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and a warring interregnum known as the Chu–Han Contention (206–202 BC), and it was succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). The dynasty was briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) established by the usurping regent Wang Mang, and is thus separated into two periods—the Western Han (202 BC – 9 AD) and the Eastern Han (25–220 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han dynasty is considered a golden age in Chinese history, and had a permanent impact on Chinese identity in later periods. The majority ethnic group of modern China refer to themselves as the "Han people" or "Han Chinese". The spoken Chinese and written Chinese are referred to respectively as the "Han language" and "Han characters". The Han emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society and culture. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and the appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government called commanderies, as well as a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BC) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 5 The Western Han dynasty in 2 AD   Principalities and centrally-administered commanderies   Protectorate of the Western Regions (Tarim Basin) The Han dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and a warring interregnum known as the Chu–Han Contention (206–202 BC), and it was succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). The dynasty was briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) established by the usurping regent Wang Mang, and is thus separated into two periods—the Western Han (202 BC – 9 AD) and the Eastern Han (25–220 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han dynasty is considered a golden age in Chinese history, and had a permanent impact on Chinese identity in later periods. The majority ethnic group of modern China refer to themselves as the "Han people" or "Han Chinese". The spoken Chinese and written Chinese are referred to respectively as the "Han language" and "Han characters". The Han emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society and culture. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and the appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government called commanderies, as well as a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BC) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Han_Dynasty_map_2CE.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Han_Dynasty_map_2CE.png/220px-Han_Dynasty_map_2CE.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Han_Dynasty_map_2CE.png/330px-Han_Dynasty_map_2CE.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Han_Dynasty_map_2CE.png/440px-Han_Dynasty_map_2CE.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="382" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">The Western Han dynasty in 2 AD<br /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0000ff; color:white;"> </span> Principalities and centrally-administered <a href="/wiki/Commandery_(China)" title="Commandery (China)">commanderies</a></li><li> <span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0080ff; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_the_Western_Regions" title="Protectorate of the Western Regions">Protectorate of the Western Regions</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarim_Basin" title="Tarim Basin">Tarim Basin</a>)</li></ul><br /><br /></div></div></div></div></div><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a></b> was an <a href="/wiki/Dynasties_of_China" title="Dynasties of China">imperial dynasty of China</a> (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by <a href="/wiki/Liu_Bang" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Bang">Liu Bang</a> and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin dynasty</a> (221–206 BC) and a warring <a href="/wiki/Interregnum" title="Interregnum">interregnum</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Chu%E2%80%93Han_Contention" title="Chu–Han Contention">Chu–Han Contention</a> (206–202 BC), and it was succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> period (220–280 AD). The dynasty was briefly interrupted by the <a href="/wiki/Xin_dynasty" title="Xin dynasty">Xin dynasty</a> (9–23 AD) established by the usurping regent <a href="/wiki/Wang_Mang" title="Wang Mang">Wang Mang</a>, and is thus separated into two periods—the <a href="#Western_Han">Western Han</a> (202 BC – 9 AD) and the <a href="#Eastern_Han">Eastern Han</a> (25–220 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han dynasty is considered a <a href="/wiki/Golden_ages_of_China" title="Golden ages of China">golden age in Chinese history</a>, and had a permanent impact on Chinese identity in later periods. The majority ethnic group of modern China refer to themselves as the "<a href="/wiki/Han_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Han people">Han people</a>" or "Han Chinese". The <a href="/wiki/Spoken_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Spoken Chinese">spoken Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Written_Chinese" title="Written Chinese">written Chinese</a> are referred to respectively as the "Han language" and "<a href="/wiki/Han_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Han characters">Han characters</a>".<br /><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_the_Han_dynasty" title="List of emperors of the Han dynasty">The Han emperor</a> was at the pinnacle of <a href="/wiki/Society_and_culture_of_the_Han_dynasty" title="Society and culture of the Han dynasty">Han society and culture</a>. He presided over the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Han_dynasty" title="Government of the Han dynasty">Han government</a> but shared power with both <a href="/wiki/Chinese_nobility" title="Chinese nobility">the nobility</a> and the appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly <a href="/wiki/Gentry_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentry (China)">gentry class</a>. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government called <a href="/wiki/Commandery_(China)" title="Commandery (China)">commanderies</a>, as well as a number of <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_the_Han_dynasty" title="Kings of the Han dynasty">semi-autonomous kingdoms</a>. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the <a href="/wiki/Rebellion_of_the_Seven_States" title="Rebellion of the Seven States">Rebellion of the Seven States</a>. From the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Han" title="Emperor Wu of Han">Emperor Wu</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 141–87 BC</span>) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a> in education and court politics, synthesized with the <a href="/wiki/Cosmology" title="Cosmology">cosmology</a> of later scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Dong_Zhongshu" title="Dong Zhongshu">Dong Zhongshu</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6 A cannon is a large-caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant. Gunpowder ("black powder") was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder during the late 19th century. Cannons vary in gauge, effective range, mobility, rate of fire, angle of fire and firepower; different forms of cannon combine and balance these attributes in varying degrees, depending on their intended use on the battlefield. A cannon is a type of heavy artillery weapon. The word cannon is derived from several languages, in which the original definition can usually be translated as tube, cane, or reed. In the modern era, the term cannon has fallen into decline, replaced by guns or artillery, if not a more specific term such as howitzer or mortar, except for high-caliber automatic weapons firing bigger rounds than machine guns, called autocannons. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 6 A cannon is a large-caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant. Gunpowder ("black powder") was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder during the late 19th century. Cannons vary in gauge, effective range, mobility, rate of fire, angle of fire and firepower; different forms of cannon combine and balance these attributes in varying degrees, depending on their intended use on the battlefield. A cannon is a type of heavy artillery weapon. The word cannon is derived from several languages, in which the original definition can usually be translated as tube, cane, or reed. In the modern era, the term cannon has fallen into decline, replaced by guns or artillery, if not a more specific term such as howitzer or mortar, except for high-caliber automatic weapons firing bigger rounds than machine guns, called autocannons. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span><div style="text-align:left;">A <b><a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">cannon</a></b> is a large-<a href="/wiki/Caliber" title="Caliber">caliber</a> gun classified as a type of <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a>, which usually launches a <a href="/wiki/Projectile" title="Projectile">projectile</a> using explosive chemical <a href="/wiki/Propellant" title="Propellant">propellant</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">Gunpowder</a> ("black powder") was the primary propellant before the invention of <a href="/wiki/Smokeless_powder" title="Smokeless powder">smokeless powder</a> during the late 19th century. Cannons vary in <a href="/wiki/Gauge_(firearms)" title="Gauge (firearms)">gauge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Effective_range" title="Effective range">effective range</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mobility_(military)" title="Mobility (military)">mobility</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rate_of_fire" title="Rate of fire">rate of fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elevation_(ballistics)" title="Elevation (ballistics)">angle of fire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Firepower" title="Firepower">firepower</a>; different forms of cannon combine and balance these attributes in varying degrees, depending on their intended use on the battlefield. A cannon is a type of heavy artillery weapon.<br /><br />The word <i>cannon</i> is derived from several languages, in which the original definition can usually be translated as <i>tube</i>, <i>cane</i>, or <i>reed</i>. In the modern era, the term <i>cannon</i> has fallen into decline, replaced by <i>guns</i> or <i>artillery</i>, if not a more specific term such as <a href="/wiki/Howitzer" title="Howitzer">howitzer</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mortar_(weapon)" title="Mortar (weapon)">mortar</a>, except for high-caliber <a href="/wiki/Automatic_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Automatic weapon">automatic weapons</a> firing bigger rounds than machine guns, called <a href="/wiki/Autocannon" title="Autocannon">autocannons</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7 The Founding Ceremony of the Nation (or The Founding of the Nation) is a 1953 oil painting by Chinese artist Dong Xiwen. It depicts Mao Zedong and other Communist Party officials proclaiming the People's Republic of China at Tiananmen Square on October 1, 1949. A prominent example of socialist realism, it is one of the most celebrated works of official Chinese art. The painting was repeatedly revised, and a replica painting made to accommodate further changes, as some of the leaders it depicted fell from power and later were rehabilitated. After the Chinese Communist Revolution, the Party sought to memorialize their achievements through artworks. Dong was commissioned to create a visual representation of the October 1 ceremony, which he had attended. He viewed it as essential that the painting show both the people and their leaders. After working for three months, he completed an oil painting in a folk art style, drawing upon Chinese art history for the contemporary subject. The success of the painting was assured when Mao viewed it and liked it, and it was reproduced in large numbers for display in the home. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 7 The Founding Ceremony of the Nation (or The Founding of the Nation) is a 1953 oil painting by Chinese artist Dong Xiwen. It depicts Mao Zedong and other Communist Party officials proclaiming the People's Republic of China at Tiananmen Square on October 1, 1949. A prominent example of socialist realism, it is one of the most celebrated works of official Chinese art. The painting was repeatedly revised, and a replica painting made to accommodate further changes, as some of the leaders it depicted fell from power and later were rehabilitated. After the Chinese Communist Revolution, the Party sought to memorialize their achievements through artworks. Dong was commissioned to create a visual representation of the October 1 ceremony, which he had attended. He viewed it as essential that the painting show both the people and their leaders. After working for three months, he completed an oil painting in a folk art style, drawing upon Chinese art history for the contemporary subject. The success of the painting was assured when Mao viewed it and liked it, and it was reproduced in large numbers for display in the home. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/The_Founding_Ceremony_of_the_Nation" title="The Founding Ceremony of the Nation">The Founding Ceremony of the Nation</a></b></i> (or <i><b>The Founding of the Nation</b></i>) is a 1953 <a href="/wiki/Oil_painting" title="Oil painting">oil painting</a> by Chinese artist <a href="/wiki/Dong_Xiwen" title="Dong Xiwen">Dong Xiwen</a>. It depicts <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Communist Party</a> officials <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Proclamation of the People's Republic of China">proclaiming the People's Republic of China</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tiananmen_Square" title="Tiananmen Square">Tiananmen Square</a> on October 1, 1949. A prominent example of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">socialist realism</a>, it is one of the most celebrated works of official Chinese art. The painting was repeatedly revised, and a replica painting made to accommodate further changes, as some of the leaders it depicted fell from power and later were <a href="/wiki/Political_rehabilitation#China" title="Political rehabilitation">rehabilitated</a>.<br /><br />After the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a>, the Party sought to memorialize their achievements through artworks. Dong was commissioned to create a visual representation of the October 1 ceremony, which he had attended. He viewed it as essential that the painting show both the people and their leaders. After working for three months, he completed an oil painting in a <a href="/wiki/Folk_art" title="Folk art">folk art</a> style, drawing upon Chinese art history for the contemporary subject. The success of the painting was assured when Mao viewed it and liked it, and it was reproduced in large numbers for display in the home. (<b><a href="/wiki/The_Founding_Ceremony_of_the_Nation" title="The Founding Ceremony of the Nation">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8 Jin dynasty (blue) and Song dynasty (orange) in 1141 The Jin–Song Wars were a series of conflicts between the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty (1115–1234) and the Han-led Song dynasty (960–1279). In 1115, Jurchen tribes rebelled against their overlords, the Khitan-led Liao dynasty (916–1125), and declared the formation of the Jin. Allying with the Song against their common enemy the Liao dynasty, the Jin promised to cede to the Song the Sixteen Prefectures that had fallen under Liao control since 938. The Song agreed but the Jin's quick defeat of the Liao combined with Song military failures made the Jin reluctant to cede territory. After a series of negotiations that embittered both sides, the Jurchens attacked the Song in 1125, dispatching one army to Taiyuan and the other to Bianjing (modern Kaifeng), the Song capital. Surprised by news of an invasion, Song general Tong Guan retreated from Taiyuan, which was besieged and later captured. As the second Jin army approached the capital, Song emperor Huizong abdicated and fled south. Qinzong, his eldest son, was enthroned. The Jin dynasty laid siege to Kaifeng in 1126, but Qinzong negotiated their retreat from the capital by agreeing to a large annual indemnity. Qinzong reneged on the deal and ordered Song forces to defend the prefectures instead of fortifying the capital. The Jin resumed war and again besieged Kaifeng in 1127. They captured Qinzong, many members of the imperial family and high officials of the Song imperial court in an event known as the Jingkang Incident. This separated north and south China between Jin and Song. Remnants of the Song imperial family retreated to southern China and, after brief stays in several temporary capitals, eventually relocated to Lin'an (modern Hangzhou). The retreat divided the dynasty into two distinct periods, Northern Song and Southern Song. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 8 Jin dynasty (blue) and Song dynasty (orange) in 1141 The Jin–Song Wars were a series of conflicts between the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty (1115–1234) and the Han-led Song dynasty (960–1279). In 1115, Jurchen tribes rebelled against their overlords, the Khitan-led Liao dynasty (916–1125), and declared the formation of the Jin. Allying with the Song against their common enemy the Liao dynasty, the Jin promised to cede to the Song the Sixteen Prefectures that had fallen under Liao control since 938. The Song agreed but the Jin's quick defeat of the Liao combined with Song military failures made the Jin reluctant to cede territory. After a series of negotiations that embittered both sides, the Jurchens attacked the Song in 1125, dispatching one army to Taiyuan and the other to Bianjing (modern Kaifeng), the Song capital. Surprised by news of an invasion, Song general Tong Guan retreated from Taiyuan, which was besieged and later captured. As the second Jin army approached the capital, Song emperor Huizong abdicated and fled south. Qinzong, his eldest son, was enthroned. The Jin dynasty laid siege to Kaifeng in 1126, but Qinzong negotiated their retreat from the capital by agreeing to a large annual indemnity. Qinzong reneged on the deal and ordered Song forces to defend the prefectures instead of fortifying the capital. The Jin resumed war and again besieged Kaifeng in 1127. They captured Qinzong, many members of the imperial family and high officials of the Song imperial court in an event known as the Jingkang Incident. This separated north and south China between Jin and Song. Remnants of the Song imperial family retreated to southern China and, after brief stays in several temporary capitals, eventually relocated to Lin'an (modern Hangzhou). The retreat divided the dynasty into two distinct periods, Northern Song and Southern Song. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jin_Dynasty_1141_(no_borders).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Jin_Dynasty_1141_%28no_borders%29.png/220px-Jin_Dynasty_1141_%28no_borders%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Jin_Dynasty_1141_%28no_borders%29.png/330px-Jin_Dynasty_1141_%28no_borders%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Jin_Dynasty_1141_%28no_borders%29.png/440px-Jin_Dynasty_1141_%28no_borders%29.png 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="537" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Jin dynasty (blue) and Song dynasty (orange) in 1141</div></div></div></div><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Jin%E2%80%93Song_wars" title="Jin–Song wars">Jin–Song Wars</a></b> were a series of conflicts between the <a href="/wiki/Jurchen_people" title="Jurchen people">Jurchen</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty (1115–1234)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (960–1279). In 1115, Jurchen tribes rebelled against their overlords, the <a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitan</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a> (916–1125), and declared the formation of the Jin. <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Conducted_at_Sea" title="Alliance Conducted at Sea">Allying with the Song</a> against their common enemy the Liao dynasty, the Jin promised to cede to the Song the <a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Prefectures" title="Sixteen Prefectures">Sixteen Prefectures</a> that had fallen under Liao control since 938. The Song agreed but the Jin's quick defeat of the Liao combined with Song military failures made the Jin reluctant to cede territory. After a series of negotiations that embittered both sides, the Jurchens attacked the Song in 1125, dispatching one army to <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a> and the other to Bianjing (modern <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>), the Song capital.<br /><br />Surprised by news of an invasion, Song general <a href="/wiki/Tong_Guan" title="Tong Guan">Tong Guan</a> retreated from Taiyuan, which was besieged and later captured. As the second Jin army approached the capital, Song emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Huizong_of_Song" title="Emperor Huizong of Song">Huizong</a> abdicated and fled south. <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Qinzong_of_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Qinzong of Song">Qinzong</a>, his eldest son, was enthroned. The Jin dynasty laid siege to Kaifeng in 1126, but Qinzong negotiated their retreat from the capital by agreeing to a large annual <a href="/wiki/Indemnity" title="Indemnity">indemnity</a>. Qinzong reneged on the deal and ordered Song forces to defend the prefectures instead of fortifying the capital. The Jin resumed war and again besieged Kaifeng in 1127. They captured Qinzong, many members of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Zhao" title="House of Zhao">imperial family</a> and high officials of the Song imperial court in an event known as the <a href="/wiki/Jingkang_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingkang Incident">Jingkang Incident</a>. This separated <a href="/wiki/Northern_and_southern_China" title="Northern and southern China">north and south China</a> between Jin and Song. Remnants of the Song imperial family retreated to southern China and, after brief stays in several temporary capitals, eventually relocated to Lin'an (modern <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>). The retreat divided the dynasty into two distinct periods, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Song dynasty">Northern Song</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Song dynasty">Southern Song</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Jin%E2%80%93Song_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin–Song Wars">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9 The empire in 661, when it reached its greatest extent The Tang dynasty (/tɑːŋ/, [tʰǎŋ]; Chinese: 唐朝), or the Tang Empire, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Historians generally regard the Tang as a high point in Chinese civilisation, and a golden age of cosmopolitan culture. Tang territory, acquired through the military campaigns of its early rulers, rivalled that of the Han dynasty. The Li family founded the dynasty after taking advantage of a period of Sui decline and precipitating their final collapse, in turn inaugurating a period of progress and stability in the first half of the dynasty's rule. The dynasty was formally interrupted during 690–705 when Empress Wu Zetian seized the throne, proclaiming the Wu Zhou dynasty and becoming the only legitimate Chinese empress regnant. The An Lushan rebellion (755–763) led to devastation and the decline of central authority during the latter half of the dynasty. Like the previous Sui dynasty, the Tang maintained a civil-service system by recruiting scholar-officials through standardised examinations and recommendations to office. The rise of regional military governors known as jiedushi during the 9th century undermined this civil order. The dynasty and central government went into decline by the latter half of the 9th century; agrarian rebellions resulted in mass population loss and displacement, widespread poverty, and further government dysfunction that ultimately ended the dynasty in 907. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 9 The empire in 661, when it reached its greatest extent The Tang dynasty (/tɑːŋ/, [tʰǎŋ]; Chinese: 唐朝), or the Tang Empire, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Historians generally regard the Tang as a high point in Chinese civilisation, and a golden age of cosmopolitan culture. Tang territory, acquired through the military campaigns of its early rulers, rivalled that of the Han dynasty. The Li family founded the dynasty after taking advantage of a period of Sui decline and precipitating their final collapse, in turn inaugurating a period of progress and stability in the first half of the dynasty's rule. The dynasty was formally interrupted during 690–705 when Empress Wu Zetian seized the throne, proclaiming the Wu Zhou dynasty and becoming the only legitimate Chinese empress regnant. The An Lushan rebellion (755–763) led to devastation and the decline of central authority during the latter half of the dynasty. Like the previous Sui dynasty, the Tang maintained a civil-service system by recruiting scholar-officials through standardised examinations and recommendations to office. The rise of regional military governors known as jiedushi during the 9th century undermined this civil order. The dynasty and central government went into decline by the latter half of the 9th century; agrarian rebellions resulted in mass population loss and displacement, widespread poverty, and further government dysfunction that ultimately ended the dynasty in 907. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tang_outline_map,_661.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Tang_outline_map%2C_661.svg/220px-Tang_outline_map%2C_661.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Tang_outline_map%2C_661.svg/330px-Tang_outline_map%2C_661.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Tang_outline_map%2C_661.svg/440px-Tang_outline_map%2C_661.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1288" data-file-height="757" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">The empire in 661, when it reached its greatest extent</div></div></div></div><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a></b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[tʰǎŋ]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" class="extiw" title="wikt:唐朝">唐朝</a></span>), or the <b>Tang Empire</b>, was an <a href="/wiki/Dynasties_of_China" title="Dynasties of China">imperial dynasty of China</a> that ruled from 618 to 907, with an <a href="/wiki/Wu_Zhou" title="Wu Zhou">interregnum</a> between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a> and followed by the <a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period</a>. Historians generally regard the Tang as a high point in Chinese civilisation, and a <a href="/wiki/Golden_age_(metaphor)" title="Golden age (metaphor)">golden age</a> of cosmopolitan culture. Tang territory, acquired through the military campaigns of its early rulers, rivalled that of the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>.<br /><br />The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Li" title="House of Li">Li family</a> founded the dynasty after taking advantage of a period of Sui decline and precipitating their final collapse, in turn inaugurating a period of progress and stability in the first half of the dynasty's rule. The dynasty was formally interrupted during 690–705 when Empress <a href="/wiki/Wu_Zetian" title="Wu Zetian">Wu Zetian</a> seized the throne, proclaiming the <a href="/wiki/Wu_Zhou" title="Wu Zhou">Wu Zhou</a> dynasty and becoming the only legitimate Chinese <a href="/wiki/Empress_regnant" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress regnant">empress regnant</a>. The <a href="/wiki/An_Lushan_rebellion" title="An Lushan rebellion">An Lushan rebellion</a> (755–763) led to devastation and the decline of central authority during the latter half of the dynasty. Like the previous <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a>, the Tang maintained a civil-service system by recruiting <a href="/wiki/Scholar-official" title="Scholar-official">scholar-officials</a> through <a href="/wiki/Imperial_examination" title="Imperial examination">standardised examinations</a> and recommendations to office. The rise of regional military governors known as <i><a href="/wiki/Jiedushi" title="Jiedushi">jiedushi</a></i> during the 9th century undermined this civil order. The dynasty and central government went into decline by the latter half of the 9th century; agrarian rebellions resulted in mass population loss and displacement, widespread poverty, and further government dysfunction that ultimately ended the dynasty in 907. (<b><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10 A Yuan-era stele in the ruins of the Cross Temple. Another stele (left) and some scattered groundwork (right) are visible in the background. The Cross Temple (Chinese: 十字寺; pinyin: Shízì sì) is a former place of worship in Fangshan, Beijing. The temple was used during different periods by Buddhists and early Chinese Christians. Though it was originally built as a Buddhist temple, some scholars hypothesise that it saw Christian use during the Tang dynasty (618–907). The temple was used by Buddhists during the Liao dynasty (916–1125) and by Christians during the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). It returned to Buddhist use during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), before being sold in 1911. It was first recorded in modern scholarship in 1919, damaged during the Cultural Revolution, and re-established as a national-level protected site in 2006. Some scholars consider it to be the only place of worship of the Church of the East (also known as Nestorian Christianity) discovered in China. Today, the site features two ancient steles, as well as groundwork and the bases of several pillars. The steles date to the Liao and Yuan dynasties, but their inscriptions were tampered with during the Ming. During the early 20th century, two stone blocks carved with crosses and other patterns were also discovered at the site, with one of them also bearing an inscription in Syriac. The blocks are presently on display at the Nanjing Museum. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 10 A Yuan-era stele in the ruins of the Cross Temple. Another stele (left) and some scattered groundwork (right) are visible in the background. The Cross Temple (Chinese: 十字寺; pinyin: Shízì sì) is a former place of worship in Fangshan, Beijing. The temple was used during different periods by Buddhists and early Chinese Christians. Though it was originally built as a Buddhist temple, some scholars hypothesise that it saw Christian use during the Tang dynasty (618–907). The temple was used by Buddhists during the Liao dynasty (916–1125) and by Christians during the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). It returned to Buddhist use during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), before being sold in 1911. It was first recorded in modern scholarship in 1919, damaged during the Cultural Revolution, and re-established as a national-level protected site in 2006. Some scholars consider it to be the only place of worship of the Church of the East (also known as Nestorian Christianity) discovered in China. Today, the site features two ancient steles, as well as groundwork and the bases of several pillars. The steles date to the Liao and Yuan dynasties, but their inscriptions were tampered with during the Ming. During the early 20th century, two stone blocks carved with crosses and other patterns were also discovered at the site, with one of them also bearing an inscription in Syriac. The blocks are presently on display at the Nanjing Museum. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%AF%BA%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%86%85%E7%9F%B3%E7%A2%91.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%AF%BA%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%86%85%E7%9F%B3%E7%A2%91.jpg/220px-%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%AF%BA%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%86%85%E7%9F%B3%E7%A2%91.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%AF%BA%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%86%85%E7%9F%B3%E7%A2%91.jpg/330px-%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%AF%BA%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%86%85%E7%9F%B3%E7%A2%91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%AF%BA%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%86%85%E7%9F%B3%E7%A2%91.jpg/440px-%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%AF%BA%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E5%86%85%E7%9F%B3%E7%A2%91.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1560" data-file-height="2104" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">A Yuan-era stele in the ruins of the Cross Temple. Another stele (left) and some scattered groundwork (right) are visible in the background.</div></div></div></div><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Cross_Temple,_Fangshan" title="Cross Temple, Fangshan">Cross Temple</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">十字寺</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shízì sì</span></i>) is a former <a href="/wiki/Place_of_worship" title="Place of worship">place of worship</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fangshan,_Beijing" title="Fangshan, Beijing">Fangshan, Beijing</a>. The temple was used during different periods by <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Buddhists</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Christians">Chinese Christians</a>. Though it was originally built as a Buddhist temple, some scholars hypothesise that it saw Christian use during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (618–907). The temple was used by Buddhists during the <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a> (916–1125) and by Christians during the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> (1271–1368). It returned to Buddhist use during the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> (1368–1644), before being sold in 1911. It was first recorded in modern scholarship in 1919, damaged during the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>, and re-established as a national-level protected site in 2006. Some scholars consider it to be the only place of worship of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East_in_China" title="Church of the East in China">Church of the East</a> (also known as Nestorian Christianity) discovered in China.<br /><br />Today, the site features two ancient steles, as well as groundwork and the bases of several pillars. The steles date to the Liao and Yuan dynasties, but their inscriptions were tampered with during the Ming. During the early 20th century, two stone blocks carved with crosses and other patterns were also discovered at the site, with one of them also bearing an inscription in <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>. The blocks are presently on display at the <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Museum" title="Nanjing Museum">Nanjing Museum</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Cross_Temple,_Fangshan" title="Cross Temple, Fangshan">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11 Publicity photo of Anna May Wong from Stars of the Photoplay, 1930 Wong Liu Tsong (January 3, 1905 – February 3, 1961), known professionally as Anna May Wong, was an American actress, considered the first Chinese American film star in Hollywood, as well as the first Chinese American actress to gain international recognition. Her varied career spanned silent film, sound film, television, stage, and radio. Born in Los Angeles to second-generation Taishanese Chinese American parents, Wong became engrossed with films and decided at the age of 11 that she would become an actress. Her first role was as an extra in the movie The Red Lantern (1919). During the silent film era, she acted in The Toll of the Sea (1922), one of the first films made in color, and in Douglas Fairbanks' The Thief of Bagdad (1924). Wong became a fashion icon and had achieved international stardom in 1924. Wong had been one of the first to embrace the flapper look. In 1934, the Mayfair Mannequin Society of New York voted her the "world's best dressed woman." In the 1920s and 1930s, Wong was acclaimed as one of the top fashion icons. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 11 Publicity photo of Anna May Wong from Stars of the Photoplay, 1930 Wong Liu Tsong (January 3, 1905 – February 3, 1961), known professionally as Anna May Wong, was an American actress, considered the first Chinese American film star in Hollywood, as well as the first Chinese American actress to gain international recognition. Her varied career spanned silent film, sound film, television, stage, and radio. Born in Los Angeles to second-generation Taishanese Chinese American parents, Wong became engrossed with films and decided at the age of 11 that she would become an actress. Her first role was as an extra in the movie The Red Lantern (1919). During the silent film era, she acted in The Toll of the Sea (1922), one of the first films made in color, and in Douglas Fairbanks' The Thief of Bagdad (1924). Wong became a fashion icon and had achieved international stardom in 1924. Wong had been one of the first to embrace the flapper look. In 1934, the Mayfair Mannequin Society of New York voted her the "world's best dressed woman." In the 1920s and 1930s, Wong was acclaimed as one of the top fashion icons. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Anna_May_Wong_Stars_of_the_Photoplay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Anna_May_Wong_Stars_of_the_Photoplay.jpg/220px-Anna_May_Wong_Stars_of_the_Photoplay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Anna_May_Wong_Stars_of_the_Photoplay.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="401" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Publicity photo of Anna May Wong from <i>Stars of the Photoplay</i>, 1930</div></div></div></div><br /><b>Wong Liu Tsong</b> (January 3, 1905 – February 3, 1961), known professionally as <b><a href="/wiki/Anna_May_Wong" title="Anna May Wong">Anna May Wong</a></b>, was an American actress, considered the first <a href="/wiki/Chinese_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese American">Chinese American</a> film star in <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a>, as well as the first Chinese American actress to gain international recognition. Her varied career spanned <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent film</a>, sound film, television, stage, and radio.<br /><br />Born in Los Angeles to second-generation <a href="/wiki/Taishanese_people" title="Taishanese people">Taishanese</a> Chinese American parents, Wong became engrossed with films and decided at the age of 11 that she would become an actress. Her first role was as an extra in the movie <i><a href="/wiki/The_Red_Lantern" title="The Red Lantern">The Red Lantern</a></i> (1919). During the silent film era, she acted in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Toll_of_the_Sea" title="The Toll of the Sea">The Toll of the Sea</a></i> (1922), one of the first films made in color, and in <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/The_Thief_of_Bagdad_(1924_film)" title="The Thief of Bagdad (1924 film)">The Thief of Bagdad</a></i> (1924). Wong became a fashion icon and had achieved international stardom in 1924. Wong had been one of the first to embrace the <a href="/wiki/Flapper" title="Flapper">flapper</a> look. In 1934, the Mayfair Mannequin Society of New York voted her the "world's best dressed woman." In the 1920s and 1930s, Wong was acclaimed as one of the top fashion icons. (<b><a href="/wiki/Anna_May_Wong" title="Anna May Wong">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12 The Sakyamuni Buddha, by Song painter Zhang Shengwen, c. AD 1181–1186; although Buddhism was in decline and under attack by Neo-Confucian critics in the Song era, it nonetheless remained one of the major religious ideologies in China. Chinese society during the Song dynasty (AD 960–1279) was marked by political and legal reforms, a philosophical revival of Confucianism, and the development of cities beyond administrative purposes into centers of trade, industry, and maritime commerce. The inhabitants of rural areas were mostly farmers, although some were also hunters, fishers, or government employees working in mines or the salt marshes. Conversely, shopkeepers, artisans, city guards, entertainers, laborers, and wealthy merchants lived in the county and provincial centers along with the Chinese gentry—a small, elite community of educated scholars and scholar-officials. As landholders and drafted government officials, the gentry considered themselves the leading members of society; gaining their cooperation and employment was essential for the county or provincial bureaucrat overburdened with official duties. In many ways, scholar-officials of the Song period differed from the more aristocratic scholar-officials of the Tang dynasty (618–907). Civil service examinations became the primary means of appointment to an official post as competitors vying for official degrees dramatically increased. Frequent disagreements amongst ministers of state on ideological and policy issues led to political strife and the rise of political factions. This undermined the marriage strategies of the professional elite, which broke apart as a social group and gave way to a multitude of families that provided sons for civil service. Confucian or Legalist scholars in ancient China—perhaps as far back as the late Zhou dynasty (c. 1046–256 BC)—categorized all socioeconomic groups into four broad and hierarchical occupations (in descending order): the shi (scholars, or gentry), the nong (peasant farmers), the gong (artisans and craftsmen), and the shang (merchants). Wealthy landholders and officials possessed the resources to better prepare their sons for the civil service examinations, yet they were often rivaled in their power and wealth by merchants of the Song period. Merchants frequently colluded commercially and politically with officials, despite the fact that scholar-officials looked down on mercantile vocations as less respectable pursuits than farming or craftsmanship. The military also provided a means for advancement in Song society for those who became officers, even though soldiers were not highly respected members of society. Although certain domestic and familial duties were expected of women in Song society, they nonetheless enjoyed a wide range of social and legal rights in an otherwise patriarchal society. Women's improved rights to property came gradually with the increasing value of dowries offered by brides' families. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 12 The Sakyamuni Buddha, by Song painter Zhang Shengwen, c. AD 1181–1186; although Buddhism was in decline and under attack by Neo-Confucian critics in the Song era, it nonetheless remained one of the major religious ideologies in China. Chinese society during the Song dynasty (AD 960–1279) was marked by political and legal reforms, a philosophical revival of Confucianism, and the development of cities beyond administrative purposes into centers of trade, industry, and maritime commerce. The inhabitants of rural areas were mostly farmers, although some were also hunters, fishers, or government employees working in mines or the salt marshes. Conversely, shopkeepers, artisans, city guards, entertainers, laborers, and wealthy merchants lived in the county and provincial centers along with the Chinese gentry—a small, elite community of educated scholars and scholar-officials. As landholders and drafted government officials, the gentry considered themselves the leading members of society; gaining their cooperation and employment was essential for the county or provincial bureaucrat overburdened with official duties. In many ways, scholar-officials of the Song period differed from the more aristocratic scholar-officials of the Tang dynasty (618–907). Civil service examinations became the primary means of appointment to an official post as competitors vying for official degrees dramatically increased. Frequent disagreements amongst ministers of state on ideological and policy issues led to political strife and the rise of political factions. This undermined the marriage strategies of the professional elite, which broke apart as a social group and gave way to a multitude of families that provided sons for civil service. Confucian or Legalist scholars in ancient China—perhaps as far back as the late Zhou dynasty (c. 1046–256 BC)—categorized all socioeconomic groups into four broad and hierarchical occupations (in descending order): the shi (scholars, or gentry), the nong (peasant farmers), the gong (artisans and craftsmen), and the shang (merchants). Wealthy landholders and officials possessed the resources to better prepare their sons for the civil service examinations, yet they were often rivaled in their power and wealth by merchants of the Song period. Merchants frequently colluded commercially and politically with officials, despite the fact that scholar-officials looked down on mercantile vocations as less respectable pursuits than farming or craftsmanship. The military also provided a means for advancement in Song society for those who became officers, even though soldiers were not highly respected members of society. Although certain domestic and familial duties were expected of women in Song society, they nonetheless enjoyed a wide range of social and legal rights in an otherwise patriarchal society. Women's improved rights to property came gradually with the increasing value of dowries offered by brides' families. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhang_Shengwen._L%27enseignement_de_Bouddha_Sakyamuni.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A landscape oriented painting showing a Buddha in red robes, seated in a throne, surrounded by sixteen adult figures and one baby. With the exception of the baby, all of the figures, including the Buddha, have blue halos." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Zhang_Shengwen._L%27enseignement_de_Bouddha_Sakyamuni.jpg/450px-Zhang_Shengwen._L%27enseignement_de_Bouddha_Sakyamuni.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Zhang_Shengwen._L%27enseignement_de_Bouddha_Sakyamuni.jpg/675px-Zhang_Shengwen._L%27enseignement_de_Bouddha_Sakyamuni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Zhang_Shengwen._L%27enseignement_de_Bouddha_Sakyamuni.jpg/900px-Zhang_Shengwen._L%27enseignement_de_Bouddha_Sakyamuni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="951" /></a><figcaption><i>The <a href="/wiki/Sakyamuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakyamuni">Sakyamuni</a> Buddha</i>, by Song painter Zhang Shengwen, c. AD 1181–1186; although <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> was in decline and under attack by <a href="/wiki/Neo-Confucian" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Confucian">Neo-Confucian</a> critics in the Song era, it nonetheless remained one of the major religious ideologies in China.</figcaption></figure><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> society during the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (AD 960–1279) was marked by political and legal reforms, a philosophical revival of <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>, and the development of cities beyond administrative purposes into centers of trade, industry, and <a href="/wiki/Maritime_history" title="Maritime history">maritime</a> commerce. The inhabitants of rural areas were mostly farmers, although some were also hunters, fishers, or government employees working in mines or the salt marshes. Conversely, shopkeepers, artisans, city guards, entertainers, laborers, and wealthy merchants lived in the county and provincial centers along with the <a href="/wiki/Gentry_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentry (China)">Chinese gentry</a>—a small, elite community of educated scholars and <a href="/wiki/Scholar-bureaucrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholar-bureaucrats">scholar-officials</a>. As landholders and drafted government officials, the gentry considered themselves the leading members of society; gaining their cooperation and employment was essential for the county or provincial bureaucrat overburdened with official duties. In many ways, scholar-officials of the Song period differed from the more aristocratic scholar-officials of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (618–907). <a href="/wiki/Imperial_examinations" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial examinations">Civil service examinations</a> became the primary means of appointment to an official post as competitors vying for official degrees dramatically increased. Frequent disagreements amongst ministers of state on ideological and policy issues led to political strife and the rise of political factions. This undermined the marriage strategies of the professional elite, which broke apart as a social group and gave way to a multitude of families that provided sons for <a href="/wiki/Civil_service" title="Civil service">civil service</a>. <br /><br />Confucian or <a href="/wiki/Legalism_(Chinese_philosophy)" title="Legalism (Chinese philosophy)">Legalist</a> scholars in ancient China—perhaps as far back as the late <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a> (c. 1046–256 BC)—categorized all socioeconomic groups into <a href="/wiki/Four_occupations" title="Four occupations">four broad and hierarchical occupations</a> (in descending order): the <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A3%AB" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:士">shi</a></i> (scholars, or gentry), the <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%86%9C" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:农">nong</a></i> (peasant farmers), the <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A5" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:工">gong</a></i> (artisans and craftsmen), and the <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%95%86" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:商">shang</a></i> (merchants). Wealthy landholders and officials possessed the resources to better prepare their sons for the civil service examinations, yet they were often rivaled in their power and wealth by merchants of the Song period. Merchants frequently colluded commercially and politically with officials, despite the fact that scholar-officials looked down on mercantile vocations as less respectable pursuits than farming or craftsmanship. The military also provided a means for advancement in Song society for those who became officers, even though soldiers were not highly respected members of society. Although certain domestic and familial duties were expected of women in Song society, they nonetheless enjoyed a wide range of social and legal rights in an otherwise <a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">patriarchal</a> society. Women's improved rights to property came gradually with the increasing value of <a href="/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">dowries</a> offered by brides' families. (<b><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="Society of the Song dynasty">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13 Bust of Shen at the Beijing Ancient Observatory Shen Kuo (Chinese: 沈括; 1031–1095) or Shen Gua, courtesy name Cunzhong (存中) and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (夢溪翁), was a Chinese polymath, scientist, and statesman of the Song dynasty (960–1279). Shen was a master in many fields of study including mathematics, optics, and horology. In his career as a civil servant, he became a finance minister, governmental state inspector, head official for the Bureau of Astronomy in the Song court, Assistant Minister of Imperial Hospitality, and also served as an academic chancellor. At court his political allegiance was to the Reformist faction known as the New Policies Group, headed by Chancellor Wang Anshi (1021–1085). In his Dream Pool Essays or Dream Torrent Essays (夢溪筆談; Mengxi Bitan) of 1088, Shen was the first to describe the magnetic needle compass, which would be used for navigation (first described in Europe by Alexander Neckam in 1187). Shen discovered the concept of true north in terms of magnetic declination towards the north pole, with experimentation of suspended magnetic needles and "the improved meridian determined by Shen's [astronomical] measurement of the distance between the pole star and true north". This was the decisive step in human history to make compasses more useful for navigation, and may have been a concept unknown in Europe for another four hundred years (evidence of German sundials made circa 1450 show markings similar to Chinese geomancers' compasses in regard to declination). (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 13 Bust of Shen at the Beijing Ancient Observatory Shen Kuo (Chinese: 沈括; 1031–1095) or Shen Gua, courtesy name Cunzhong (存中) and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (夢溪翁), was a Chinese polymath, scientist, and statesman of the Song dynasty (960–1279). Shen was a master in many fields of study including mathematics, optics, and horology. In his career as a civil servant, he became a finance minister, governmental state inspector, head official for the Bureau of Astronomy in the Song court, Assistant Minister of Imperial Hospitality, and also served as an academic chancellor. At court his political allegiance was to the Reformist faction known as the New Policies Group, headed by Chancellor Wang Anshi (1021–1085). In his Dream Pool Essays or Dream Torrent Essays (夢溪筆談; Mengxi Bitan) of 1088, Shen was the first to describe the magnetic needle compass, which would be used for navigation (first described in Europe by Alexander Neckam in 1187). Shen discovered the concept of true north in terms of magnetic declination towards the north pole, with experimentation of suspended magnetic needles and "the improved meridian determined by Shen's [astronomical] measurement of the distance between the pole star and true north". This was the decisive step in human history to make compasses more useful for navigation, and may have been a concept unknown in Europe for another four hundred years (evidence of German sundials made circa 1450 show markings similar to Chinese geomancers' compasses in regard to declination). (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Beijing_Ancient_Observatory_20090715-19_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Beijing_Ancient_Observatory_20090715-19_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Beijing_Ancient_Observatory_20090715-19_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Beijing_Ancient_Observatory_20090715-19_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Beijing_Ancient_Observatory_20090715-19_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Beijing_Ancient_Observatory_20090715-19_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Beijing_Ancient_Observatory_20090715-19_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3723" data-file-height="3402" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Bust of Shen at the <a href="/wiki/Beijing_Ancient_Observatory" title="Beijing Ancient Observatory">Beijing Ancient Observatory</a></div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Shen_Kuo" title="Shen Kuo">Shen Kuo</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">沈括</span>; 1031–1095) or <b>Shen Gua</b>, <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">courtesy name</a> <b>Cunzhong</b> (存中) and <a href="/wiki/Art_name#China" title="Art name">pseudonym</a> <b>Mengqi</b> (now usually given as <b>Mengxi</b>) <b>Weng</b> (夢溪翁), was a Chinese <a href="/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">polymath</a>, scientist, and statesman of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (960–1279). Shen was a master in many fields of study including <a href="/wiki/Chinese_mathematics" title="Chinese mathematics">mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_optics" title="History of optics">optics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Horology" class="mw-redirect" title="Horology">horology</a>. In his career as a civil servant, he became a <a href="/wiki/Finance_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance minister">finance minister</a>, governmental state inspector, head official for the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_astronomy" title="Chinese astronomy">Bureau of Astronomy</a> in the Song court, Assistant Minister of Imperial Hospitality, and also served as an <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">academic chancellor</a>. At court his political allegiance was to the Reformist faction known as the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Song_dynasty#Partisans_and_factions,_reformers_and_conservatives" title="History of the Song dynasty">New Policies Group</a>, headed by <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of China">Chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/Wang_Anshi" title="Wang Anshi">Wang Anshi</a> (1021–1085).<br /><br />In his <i><a href="/wiki/Dream_Pool_Essays" title="Dream Pool Essays">Dream Pool Essays</a></i> or <i>Dream Torrent Essays</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">夢溪筆談</span></span>; <i>Mengxi Bitan</i>) of 1088, Shen was the first to describe the magnetic needle <a href="/wiki/Compass" title="Compass">compass</a>, which would be used for navigation (first described in Europe by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Neckam" title="Alexander Neckam">Alexander Neckam</a> in 1187). Shen discovered the concept of <a href="/wiki/True_north" title="True north">true north</a> in terms of <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_declination" title="Magnetic declination">magnetic declination</a> towards the <a href="/wiki/North_magnetic_pole" title="North magnetic pole">north pole</a>, with experimentation of suspended magnetic needles and "the improved <a href="/wiki/Meridian_(astronomy)" title="Meridian (astronomy)">meridian</a> determined by Shen's [astronomical] measurement of the distance between the <a href="/wiki/Pole_star" title="Pole star">pole star</a> and true north". This was the decisive step in human history to make compasses more useful for navigation, and may have been a concept unknown in Europe <a href="/wiki/Voyages_of_Christopher_Columbus" title="Voyages of Christopher Columbus">for another four hundred years</a> (evidence of German sundials made circa 1450 show markings similar to <a href="/wiki/Feng_shui" title="Feng shui">Chinese geomancers</a>' compasses in regard to declination). (<b><a href="/wiki/Shen_Kuo" title="Shen Kuo">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14 The Regional Flag of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China depicts a white stylised five-petal Hong Kong orchid tree (Bauhinia × blakeana) flower in the centre of a Chinese red field. Its original design was unveiled on 4 April 1990 at the Third Session of the Seventh National People's Congress. The current design was approved on 10 August 1996 at the Fourth Plenum of the Preparatory Committee of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The precise use of the flag is regulated by laws passed by the 58th executive meeting of the State Council held in Beijing. The design of the flag is enshrined in Hong Kong's Basic Law, the territory's constitutional document, and regulations regarding the use, prohibition of use, desecration, and manufacture of the flag are stated in the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance. The flag of Hong Kong was officially adopted and hoisted on 1 July 1997, during the handover ceremony marking the handover from the United Kingdom back to China. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 14 The Regional Flag of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China depicts a white stylised five-petal Hong Kong orchid tree (Bauhinia × blakeana) flower in the centre of a Chinese red field. Its original design was unveiled on 4 April 1990 at the Third Session of the Seventh National People's Congress. The current design was approved on 10 August 1996 at the Fourth Plenum of the Preparatory Committee of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The precise use of the flag is regulated by laws passed by the 58th executive meeting of the State Council held in Beijing. The design of the flag is enshrined in Hong Kong's Basic Law, the territory's constitutional document, and regulations regarding the use, prohibition of use, desecration, and manufacture of the flag are stated in the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance. The flag of Hong Kong was officially adopted and hoisted on 1 July 1997, during the handover ceremony marking the handover from the United Kingdom back to China. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/220px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/330px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/440px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Hong_Kong" title="Flag of Hong Kong">Regional Flag of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China</a></b> depicts a white stylised five-petal <a href="/wiki/Bauhinia_%C3%97_blakeana" title="Bauhinia × blakeana">Hong Kong orchid tree (<i>Bauhinia × blakeana</i>)</a> flower in the centre of a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_red" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese red">Chinese red</a> field. Its original design was unveiled on 4 April 1990 at the Third Session of the Seventh <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a>. The current design was approved on 10 August 1996 at the Fourth Plenum of the <a href="/wiki/Preparatory_Committee_for_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region" title="Preparatory Committee for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region">Preparatory Committee of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</a>. The precise use of the flag is regulated by laws passed by the 58th executive meeting of the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> held in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>. The design of the flag is enshrined in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law" title="Hong Kong Basic Law">Hong Kong's Basic Law</a>, the territory's constitutional document, and regulations regarding the use, prohibition of use, <a href="/wiki/Flag_desecration" title="Flag desecration">desecration</a>, and manufacture of the flag are stated in the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance. The flag of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> was officially adopted and hoisted on 1 July 1997, during the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_handover_ceremony" title="Hong Kong handover ceremony">handover ceremony</a> marking the handover from the United Kingdom back to China. (<b><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Hong_Kong" title="Flag of Hong Kong">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15 The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet. Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 15 The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet. Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span><div style="text-align:left;">The <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> considered <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> to be part of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Regions" title="Western Regions">Western Regions</a>. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of <a href="/wiki/Westphalian_sovereignty" class="mw-redirect" title="Westphalian sovereignty">Westphalian sovereignty</a> to a time when the concept did not exist. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Historical_Status_of_China%27s_Tibet" title="The Historical Status of China's Tibet">The Historical Status of China's Tibet</a></i>, a book published by the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a>, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as <a href="/wiki/Turrell_V._Wylie" title="Turrell V. Wylie">Turrell V. Wylie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Goldstein" title="Melvyn Goldstein">Melvyn C. Goldstein</a>, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a>, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it <a href="/wiki/List_of_tributaries_of_Imperial_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tributaries of Imperial China">simply paid tribute</a> until the <a href="/wiki/Jiajing_Emperor" title="Jiajing Emperor">Jiajing Emperor</a>, who ceased relations with Tibet.<br /><br />Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil war</a> and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of <a href="/wiki/Horses_in_warfare" title="Horses in warfare">horses for warfare</a> and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">religious nature</a> of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan <a href="/wiki/Lama" title="Lama">lamas</a> is underrepresented in modern scholarship. (<b><a href="/wiki/Ming%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" title="Ming–Tibet relations">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> </ul></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:China/Recognized_content#Featured_articles" title="Portal:China/Recognized content">More featured articles</a></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Did_you_know_(auto_generated)" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="Did_you_know_.28auto_generated.29"></span>Did you know <small>(auto generated)</small></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/47px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/71px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/94px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>... that after a riot destroyed some local churches, <b><a href="/wiki/Marie-Julien_Dunand" title="Marie-Julien Dunand">Marie-Julien Dunand</a></b>, a French missionary in China, ordered the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Immaculate_Conception,_Chengdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Chengdu">Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception</a> in Chengdu and <a href="/wiki/Annunciation_Seminary_(Pengzhou)" class="mw-redirect" title="Annunciation Seminary (Pengzhou)">Annunciation Seminary</a> in Pengzhou?</li> <li>... that the <i><b><a href="/wiki/Xinxiu_bencao" title="Xinxiu bencao">Xinxiu bencao</a></b></i> was the first state-sponsored <a href="/wiki/Pharmacopoeia" title="Pharmacopoeia">pharmacopoeia</a> in China?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Matterhorn_logistics" title="Operation Matterhorn logistics">Operation Matterhorn logistics</a></b> involved the construction of airfields in China by thousands of laborers with hammers and wicker baskets?</li> <li>... that a rapper coined the term "<b><a href="/wiki/Dongbei_renaissance" title="Dongbei renaissance">Dongbei renaissance</a></b>" to describe the cultural resurgence of China's rust belt?</li> <li>... that Canadian pentathlon champion <b><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Crocker" title="J. Howard Crocker">J. Howard Crocker</a></b> introduced volleyball to China?</li> <li>... that <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Nationalist China</a>'s own <b><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Army" title="Northeastern Army">Northeastern Army</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Incident" title="Xi'an Incident">captured Chiang Kai-shek</a> to convince him to end the civil war against the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a>?</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FDid_you_know%2F16&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="More_did_you_know" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">More did you know</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> </div> <ul><li>...that according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Zizhi_Tongjian" title="Zizhi Tongjian">Zizhi Tongjian</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> warlord <b><a href="/wiki/Wu_Yuanji" title="Wu Yuanji">Wu Yuanji</a></b> painted an <a href="/wiki/Archery_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Archery range">archery range</a> with the blood of a family he had executed?</li> <li>...that the <a href="/wiki/Richter_magnitude_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Richter magnitude scale">magnitude</a> 6.8 <b><a href="/wiki/1981_Dawu_earthquake" title="1981 Dawu earthquake">1981 Dawu earthquake</a></b> in China killed or injured more than 450 people?</li> <li>...that the world's tallest <a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a>-faced rockfill <a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">dam</a> is <b><a href="/wiki/Shuibuya_Dam" title="Shuibuya Dam">Shuibuya Dam</a></b> <i>(pictured)</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Qingjiang_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingjiang River">Qingjiang River</a> in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>?</li></ul> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding: 0; margin: 0; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:China/Did_you_know" title="Portal:China/Did you know">More Did you know facts</a></b></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Selected_cuisine_or_food_-_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected cuisine or food - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:China&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ovomaltine_dragon%27s_beard_candy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ovomaltine_dragon%27s_beard_candy.jpg/220px-Ovomaltine_dragon%27s_beard_candy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ovomaltine_dragon%27s_beard_candy.jpg/330px-Ovomaltine_dragon%27s_beard_candy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Ovomaltine_dragon%27s_beard_candy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="487" /></a><figcaption>Dragon's beard candy</figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_beard_candy" title="Dragon's beard candy">Dragon's beard candy</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">龍鬚糖</span>; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">龙须糖</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">lóng xū táng</span></i>) or <b>Chinese cotton candy</b> or <b>Longxusu</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">龙须酥</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">龍鬚酥</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">lóng xū sū</span></i>) is a handmade traditional art of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. It is a traditional Chinese confectionary similar to <a href="/wiki/Halva#Floss_halva" title="Halva">floss halva</a> or Western <a href="/wiki/Cotton_candy" title="Cotton candy">cotton candy</a>, which can be found in many <a href="/wiki/Chinatown" title="Chinatown">Chinese communities</a>. Dragon's beard candy was initially created in China, but soon spread in popularity in other parts of <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_East_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="South East Asia">South East Asia</a>, becoming a regional delicacy in <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> in the 1990s, and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> in the 1980s, as well as more recently in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. </p><p>It has a low <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> content (19%) and low <a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">saturated fat</a> content (2%). By comparison, <a href="/wiki/Cotton_candy" title="Cotton candy">cotton candy</a> is fat free with a very high <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> content (94%). Dragon's beard candy has a very short <a href="/wiki/Shelf_life" title="Shelf life">shelf life</a>. It is highly sensitive to moisture and tends to melt when exposed to higher temperatures, notably during warm weather. (<b><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_beard_candy" title="Dragon's beard candy">Full article...</a></b>)<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256386598">.mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#F0F2F5;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#CCFFCC;color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}</style> </p> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:fff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">List of selected cuisines/foods</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_cuisine" title="Jiangsu cuisine">Jiangsu cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anhui_cuisine" title="Anhui cuisine">Anhui cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fujian_cuisine" title="Fujian cuisine">Fujian cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hunan_cuisine" title="Hunan cuisine">Hunan cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_cuisine" title="Zhejiang cuisine">Zhejiang cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_cuisine" title="Beijing cuisine">Beijing cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_cuisine" title="Shanghai cuisine">Shanghai cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Henan_cuisine" title="Henan cuisine">Henan cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_cuisine" title="Shaanxi cuisine">Shaanxi cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_aristocrat_cuisine" title="Chinese aristocrat cuisine">Chinese aristocrat cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_fried_rice" title="Chinese fried rice">Chinese fried rice</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuan cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Edible_bird%27s_nest" title="Edible bird's nest">Edible bird's nest</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_Jumps_Over_the_Wall" title="Buddha Jumps Over the Wall">Buddha Jumps Over the Wall</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Peking_duck" title="Peking duck">Peking duck</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_noodles" title="Chinese noodles">Chinese noodles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/White_Rabbit_(candy)" title="White Rabbit (candy)">White Rabbit (candy)</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FRelated_portals&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Related_portals" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Related portals</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/25px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/50px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_countries-vector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/27px-P_countries-vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/41px-P_countries-vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/54px-P_countries-vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Country">Country</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/25px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/25px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/38px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/50px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Communism" title="Portal:Communism">Communism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/27px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/41px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/54px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="411" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Socialism" title="Portal:Socialism">Socialism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/25px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/38px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/50px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="697" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Buddhism" title="Portal:Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <p><b>East Asia</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1130092004"><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/27px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/41px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/54px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hong_Kong" title="Portal:Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/27px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/41px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/54px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/27px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/41px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/54px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_Korea" title="Portal:North Korea">North Korea</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/27px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/41px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/54px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Korea" title="Portal:South Korea">South Korea</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/27px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Taiwan" title="Portal:Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <p><b>Other Countries</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1130092004"><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/27px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Afghanistan" title="Portal:Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/27px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/41px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/54px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cambodia" title="Portal:Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/27px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/41px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/54px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/27px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/41px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/54px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indonesia" title="Portal:Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/27px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/41px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/54px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Laos" title="Portal:Laos">Laos</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/27px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/41px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/54px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/27px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/41px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/54px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Myanmar" title="Portal:Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/20px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/31px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/41px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nepal" title="Portal:Nepal">Nepal</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/27px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/41px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/54px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Pakistan" title="Portal:Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/27px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philippines" title="Portal:Philippines">Philippines</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/27px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/41px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/54px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Russia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/27px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/41px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/54px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Singapore" title="Portal:Singapore">Singapore</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/27px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/41px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/54px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tajikistan" title="Portal:Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/27px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/41px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/54px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Thailand" title="Portal:Thailand">Thailand</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/27px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/41px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/54px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vietnam" title="Portal:Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div><div class="flex-columns-column"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="_Good_article_-_load_new_batch" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_support_vote.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/38px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span>   Good article - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:China&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>load new batch</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="text-align: center;"><i><small>This is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:GA">good article</a>, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.</small></i></div> <hr /> <div style="font-size:105%;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r987512734"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1021884966"><div class="randomSlideshow-container excerptSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1 Map of Battle of Unsan on the night of 1 – 2 November 1950 The Battle of Unsan (Korean: 운산전투; Hanja: 雲山戰鬪; RR: Unsan jeontu; MR: Unsan chŏnt'u), also known as the Battle of Yunshan (Chinese: 云山战斗; pinyin: Yúnshān zhàndòu), was a series of engagements of the Korean War that took place from 25 October to 4 November 1950 near Unsan, North Pyongan province in present-day North Korea. As part of the People's Republic of China's First Phase Campaign, the People's Volunteer Army (PVA) repeatedly attacked the Republic of Korea Army's (ROK) 1st Infantry Division near Unsan beginning on 25 October, to surprise the advancing United Nations Command (UNC). The United States' (US) 8th Cavalry Regiment was encircled on 1–2 November and broke out with the loss of most of its heavy equipment. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 1 Map of Battle of Unsan on the night of 1 – 2 November 1950 The Battle of Unsan (Korean: 운산전투; Hanja: 雲山戰鬪; RR: Unsan jeontu; MR: Unsan chŏnt'u), also known as the Battle of Yunshan (Chinese: 云山战斗; pinyin: Yúnshān zhàndòu), was a series of engagements of the Korean War that took place from 25 October to 4 November 1950 near Unsan, North Pyongan province in present-day North Korea. As part of the People's Republic of China's First Phase Campaign, the People's Volunteer Army (PVA) repeatedly attacked the Republic of Korea Army's (ROK) 1st Infantry Division near Unsan beginning on 25 October, to surprise the advancing United Nations Command (UNC). The United States' (US) 8th Cavalry Regiment was encircled on 1–2 November and broke out with the loss of most of its heavy equipment. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Unsan.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A map with multiple arrows converging toward Unsan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Map_Unsan.gif/300px-Map_Unsan.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="387" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Map_Unsan.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Map of Battle of Unsan on the night of 1 – 2 November 1950</div></div></div></div><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Unsan" title="Battle of Unsan">Battle of Unsan</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">운산전투</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">雲山戰鬪</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Unsan jeontu</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">MR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Unsan chŏnt'u</i></span>), also known as the <b>Battle of Yunshan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">云山战斗</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Yúnshān zhàndòu</span></i>), was a series of engagements of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> that took place from 25 October to 4 November 1950 near <a href="/wiki/Unsan" class="mw-redirect" title="Unsan">Unsan</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Pyongan" class="mw-redirect" title="North Pyongan">North Pyongan</a> province in present-day <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>. As part of the People's Republic of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>'s <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Volunteer_Army#First_Phase_campaign_(October_25_–_November_5,_1950)" title="People's Volunteer Army">First Phase Campaign</a>, the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Volunteer_Army" title="People's Volunteer Army">People's Volunteer Army</a> (PVA) repeatedly attacked the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Army" title="Republic of Korea Army">Republic of Korea Army</a>'s (ROK) <a href="/wiki/1st_Infantry_Division_(South_Korea)" title="1st Infantry Division (South Korea)">1st Infantry Division</a> near Unsan beginning on 25 October, to surprise the advancing <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Command" title="United Nations Command">United Nations Command</a> (UNC). The United States' (US) <a href="/wiki/8th_Cavalry_Regiment" title="8th Cavalry Regiment">8th Cavalry Regiment</a> was encircled on 1–2 November and broke out with the loss of most of its heavy equipment. (<b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Unsan" title="Battle of Unsan">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2 Performing rituals for the 2020 Chinese New Year's eve in Indonesia Chinese Indonesians (Indonesian: Orang Tionghoa Indonesia), or simply Orang Tionghoa or Tionghoa, are Indonesians whose ancestors arrived from China at some stage in the last eight centuries. Chinese Indonesians are the fourth largest community of Overseas Chinese in the world after Thailand, Malaysia, and the United States. Chinese people and their Indonesian descendants have lived in the Indonesian archipelago since at least the 13th century. Many came initially as sojourners (temporary residents), intending to return home in their old age. Some, however, stayed in the region as economic migrants. Their population grew rapidly during the colonial period when workers were contracted from their home provinces in Southern China. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 2 Performing rituals for the 2020 Chinese New Year's eve in Indonesia Chinese Indonesians (Indonesian: Orang Tionghoa Indonesia), or simply Orang Tionghoa or Tionghoa, are Indonesians whose ancestors arrived from China at some stage in the last eight centuries. Chinese Indonesians are the fourth largest community of Overseas Chinese in the world after Thailand, Malaysia, and the United States. Chinese people and their Indonesian descendants have lived in the Indonesian archipelago since at least the 13th century. Many came initially as sojourners (temporary residents), intending to return home in their old age. Some, however, stayed in the region as economic migrants. Their population grew rapidly during the colonial period when workers were contracted from their home provinces in Southern China. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sembahyang_Imlek_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Sembahyang_Imlek_2020.jpg/220px-Sembahyang_Imlek_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Sembahyang_Imlek_2020.jpg/330px-Sembahyang_Imlek_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Sembahyang_Imlek_2020.jpg/440px-Sembahyang_Imlek_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5424" data-file-height="3616" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Performing rituals for the 2020 Chinese New Year's eve in Indonesia</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesians" title="Chinese Indonesians">Chinese Indonesians</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: <i lang="id">Orang Tionghoa Indonesia</i>), or simply <i><b>Orang Tionghoa</b></i> or <i><b>Tionghoa</b></i>, are <a href="/wiki/Indonesians" title="Indonesians">Indonesians</a> whose ancestors arrived from <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> at some stage in the last eight centuries. Chinese Indonesians are the fourth largest community of <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">Overseas Chinese</a> in the world after <a href="/wiki/Thai_Chinese" title="Thai Chinese">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Malaysia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">United States</a>.<br /><br />Chinese people and their Indonesian descendants have lived in the Indonesian archipelago since at least the 13th century. Many came initially as sojourners (temporary residents), intending to return home in their old age. Some, however, stayed in the region as <a href="/wiki/Economic_migrants" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic migrants">economic migrants</a>. Their population grew rapidly during the colonial period when workers were contracted from their home provinces in Southern China. (<b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesians" title="Chinese Indonesians">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3 Chinese dead on the approaches to the Hook, late July 1953 The Battle of the Samichon River (24–26 July 1953) was fought during the final days of the Korean War between United Nations (UN) forces—primarily Australian and American—and the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA). The fighting took place on a key position on the Jamestown Line known as "the Hook", and resulted in the defending UN troops, including the 2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (2 RAR) from the 28th British Commonwealth Brigade and the US 7th Marine Regiment, repulsing numerous assaults by the PVA 137th Division during two concerted night attacks, inflicting numerous casualties on the PVA with heavy artillery and small-arms fire. The action was part of a larger, division-sized PVA attack against the US 1st Marine Division, with diversionary assaults mounted against the Australians. With the peace talks in Panmunjom reaching a conclusion, the Chinese had been eager to gain a last-minute victory over the UN forces, and the battle was the last of the war before the official signing of the Korean armistice. During the action, the PVA attempted to make a breakthrough to the Imjin River along the divisional boundary between the US 1st Marine Division and the 1st Commonwealth Division to turn the 1st Marine Division's flank. Yet with well-coordinated indirect fire from the divisional artillery, including the 16th Field Regiment, Royal New Zealand Artillery, and support from British Centurion tanks of the 1st Royal Tank Regiment, 2 RAR successfully thwarted both assaults, holding the Hook. UN sources estimated PVA casualties at 2,000 to 3,000 killed, with the majority of them inflicted by the New Zealand gunners. Meanwhile, on the left flank, US Marines endured the brunt of the attack, repelling the PVA onslaught with infantry and artillery. Only a few hours later, the armistice agreement was signed, ultimately ending the war. Both sides subsequently withdrew 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) within 72 hours to create the 4-kilometre (2.5 mi) Korean Demilitarised Zone. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 3 Chinese dead on the approaches to the Hook, late July 1953 The Battle of the Samichon River (24–26 July 1953) was fought during the final days of the Korean War between United Nations (UN) forces—primarily Australian and American—and the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA). The fighting took place on a key position on the Jamestown Line known as "the Hook", and resulted in the defending UN troops, including the 2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (2 RAR) from the 28th British Commonwealth Brigade and the US 7th Marine Regiment, repulsing numerous assaults by the PVA 137th Division during two concerted night attacks, inflicting numerous casualties on the PVA with heavy artillery and small-arms fire. The action was part of a larger, division-sized PVA attack against the US 1st Marine Division, with diversionary assaults mounted against the Australians. With the peace talks in Panmunjom reaching a conclusion, the Chinese had been eager to gain a last-minute victory over the UN forces, and the battle was the last of the war before the official signing of the Korean armistice. During the action, the PVA attempted to make a breakthrough to the Imjin River along the divisional boundary between the US 1st Marine Division and the 1st Commonwealth Division to turn the 1st Marine Division's flank. Yet with well-coordinated indirect fire from the divisional artillery, including the 16th Field Regiment, Royal New Zealand Artillery, and support from British Centurion tanks of the 1st Royal Tank Regiment, 2 RAR successfully thwarted both assaults, holding the Hook. UN sources estimated PVA casualties at 2,000 to 3,000 killed, with the majority of them inflicted by the New Zealand gunners. Meanwhile, on the left flank, US Marines endured the brunt of the attack, repelling the PVA onslaught with infantry and artillery. Only a few hours later, the armistice agreement was signed, ultimately ending the war. Both sides subsequently withdrew 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) within 72 hours to create the 4-kilometre (2.5 mi) Korean Demilitarised Zone. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_bodies_on_the_Hook_late_July_1953_(AWM_044753).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Chinese_bodies_on_the_Hook_late_July_1953_%28AWM_044753%29.jpg/220px-Chinese_bodies_on_the_Hook_late_July_1953_%28AWM_044753%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Chinese_bodies_on_the_Hook_late_July_1953_%28AWM_044753%29.jpg/330px-Chinese_bodies_on_the_Hook_late_July_1953_%28AWM_044753%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Chinese_bodies_on_the_Hook_late_July_1953_%28AWM_044753%29.jpg/440px-Chinese_bodies_on_the_Hook_late_July_1953_%28AWM_044753%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Chinese dead on the approaches to the Hook, late July 1953</div></div></div></div><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Samichon_River" title="Battle of the Samichon River">Battle of the Samichon River</a></b> (24–26 July 1953) was fought during the final days of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> between <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Command" title="United Nations Command">United Nations</a> (UN) forces—primarily Australian and American—and the Chinese <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Volunteer_Army" title="People's Volunteer Army">People's Volunteer Army</a> (PVA). The fighting took place on a key position on the <a href="/wiki/Jamestown_Line" title="Jamestown Line">Jamestown Line</a> known as "the Hook", and resulted in the defending UN troops, including the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment" title="2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment">2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment</a> (2 RAR) from the <a href="/wiki/28th_British_Commonwealth_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="28th British Commonwealth Brigade">28th British Commonwealth Brigade</a> and the US <a href="/wiki/7th_Marine_Regiment" title="7th Marine Regiment">7th Marine Regiment</a>, repulsing numerous assaults by the PVA <a href="/wiki/137th_Division_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" title="137th Division (People's Republic of China)">137th Division</a> during two concerted night attacks, inflicting numerous casualties on the PVA with <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">heavy artillery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Small-arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Small-arms">small-arms</a> fire. The action was part of a larger, <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">division</a>-sized PVA attack against the US <a href="/wiki/1st_Marine_Division_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Marine Division (United States)">1st Marine Division</a>, with diversionary assaults mounted against the Australians. With the peace talks in <a href="/wiki/Panmunjom" title="Panmunjom">Panmunjom</a> reaching a conclusion, the Chinese had been eager to gain a last-minute victory over the UN forces, and the battle was the last of the war before the official signing of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Armistice_Agreement" title="Korean Armistice Agreement">Korean armistice</a>.<br /><br />During the action, the PVA attempted to make a breakthrough to the <a href="/wiki/Imjin_River" title="Imjin River">Imjin River</a> along the divisional boundary between the US 1st Marine Division and the <a href="/wiki/1st_Commonwealth_Division" title="1st Commonwealth Division">1st Commonwealth Division</a> to turn the 1st Marine Division's flank. Yet with well-coordinated <a href="/wiki/Indirect_fire" title="Indirect fire">indirect fire</a> from the divisional artillery, including the <a href="/wiki/16th_Field_Regiment,_Royal_New_Zealand_Artillery" class="mw-redirect" title="16th Field Regiment, Royal New Zealand Artillery">16th Field Regiment, Royal New Zealand Artillery</a>, and support from British <a href="/wiki/Centurion_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Centurion tank">Centurion tanks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Royal_Tank_Regiment" title="1st Royal Tank Regiment">1st Royal Tank Regiment</a>, 2 RAR successfully thwarted both assaults, holding the Hook. UN sources estimated PVA casualties at 2,000 to 3,000 killed, with the majority of them inflicted by the New Zealand gunners. Meanwhile, on the left flank, US Marines endured the brunt of the attack, repelling the PVA onslaught with infantry and artillery. Only a few hours later, the armistice agreement was signed, ultimately ending the war. Both sides subsequently withdrew 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) within 72 hours to create the 4-kilometre (2.5 mi) <a href="/wiki/Korean_Demilitarised_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Demilitarised Zone">Korean Demilitarised Zone</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Samichon_River" title="Battle of the Samichon River">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4 Mongol Conquest of Jurchen Jin In the Mongol siege of Kaifeng from 1232 to 1233, the Mongol Empire captured Kaifeng, the capital of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty. The Mongol Empire and the Jin dynasty had been at war for nearly two decades, beginning in 1211 after the Jin dynasty refused the Mongol offer to submit as a vassal. Ögedei Khan sent two armies to besiege Kaifeng, one led by himself, and the other by his brother Tolui. Command of the forces, once they converged into a single army, was given to Subutai who led the siege. The Mongols arrived at the walls of Kaifeng on April 8, 1232. The siege deprived the city of resources, and its residents were beset with famine and disease. Jin soldiers defended the city with fire lances and bombs of gunpowder, killing many Mongols and severely injuring others. The Jin dynasty tried to arrange a peace treaty, but the assassination of a Mongol diplomat foiled their efforts. The Emperor Aizong of Jin fled the city for the town of Caizhou. The city was placed under the command of General Cui Li, who executed the emperor's loyalists and promptly surrendered to the Mongols. The Mongols entered Kaifeng on May 29, 1233, and looted the city. The dynasty fell after the suicide of Aizong and the capture of Caizhou in 1234. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 4 Mongol Conquest of Jurchen Jin In the Mongol siege of Kaifeng from 1232 to 1233, the Mongol Empire captured Kaifeng, the capital of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty. The Mongol Empire and the Jin dynasty had been at war for nearly two decades, beginning in 1211 after the Jin dynasty refused the Mongol offer to submit as a vassal. Ögedei Khan sent two armies to besiege Kaifeng, one led by himself, and the other by his brother Tolui. Command of the forces, once they converged into a single army, was given to Subutai who led the siege. The Mongols arrived at the walls of Kaifeng on April 8, 1232. The siege deprived the city of resources, and its residents were beset with famine and disease. Jin soldiers defended the city with fire lances and bombs of gunpowder, killing many Mongols and severely injuring others. The Jin dynasty tried to arrange a peace treaty, but the assassination of a Mongol diplomat foiled their efforts. The Emperor Aizong of Jin fled the city for the town of Caizhou. The city was placed under the command of General Cui Li, who executed the emperor's loyalists and promptly surrendered to the Mongols. The Mongols entered Kaifeng on May 29, 1233, and looted the city. The dynasty fell after the suicide of Aizong and the capture of Caizhou in 1234. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Conquest_of_Jin.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Conquest_of_Jin.png/220px-Conquest_of_Jin.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Conquest_of_Jin.png/330px-Conquest_of_Jin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Conquest_of_Jin.png/440px-Conquest_of_Jin.png 2x" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Mongol Conquest of Jurchen Jin</div></div></div></div><br />In the <b><a href="/wiki/Mongol_siege_of_Kaifeng" title="Mongol siege of Kaifeng">Mongol siege of Kaifeng</a></b> from 1232 to 1233, the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> captured <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Jurchen_people" title="Jurchen people">Jurchen</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a>. The Mongol Empire and the Jin dynasty had <a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_the_Jin_dynasty" title="Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty">been at war</a> for nearly two decades, beginning in 1211 after the Jin dynasty refused the Mongol offer to submit as a <a href="/wiki/Vassal_state" title="Vassal state">vassal</a>. <a href="/wiki/%C3%96gedei_Khan" title="Ögedei Khan">Ögedei Khan</a> sent two armies to besiege Kaifeng, one led by himself, and the other by his brother <a href="/wiki/Tolui" title="Tolui">Tolui</a>. Command of the forces, once they converged into a single army, was given to <a href="/wiki/Subutai" title="Subutai">Subutai</a> who led the siege. The Mongols arrived at the walls of Kaifeng on April 8, 1232.<br /><br />The siege deprived the city of resources, and its residents were beset with famine and disease. Jin soldiers defended the city with <a href="/wiki/Fire_lance" title="Fire lance">fire lances</a> and bombs of gunpowder, killing many Mongols and severely injuring others. The Jin dynasty tried to arrange a peace treaty, but the assassination of a Mongol diplomat foiled their efforts. The <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Aizong_of_Jin" title="Emperor Aizong of Jin">Emperor Aizong of Jin</a> fled the city for the town of <a href="/wiki/Cai_Prefecture" title="Cai Prefecture">Caizhou</a>. The city was placed under the command of General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cui_Li&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cui Li (page does not exist)">Cui Li</a>, who executed the emperor's loyalists and promptly surrendered to the Mongols. The Mongols entered Kaifeng on May 29, 1233, and looted the city. The dynasty fell after the suicide of Aizong and the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Caizhou" title="Siege of Caizhou">capture of Caizhou</a> in 1234. (<b><a href="/wiki/Mongol_siege_of_Kaifeng" title="Mongol siege of Kaifeng">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5 The 2019 Shanghai Masters was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place at the Regal International East Asia Hotel in Shanghai, China from 9 to 15 September 2019. It was the 12th edition of the Shanghai Masters, which was first held in 2007. Ronnie O'Sullivan was the defending champion, having defeated Barry Hawkins 11–9 in the 2018 final, and also having won the tournament in 2017. O'Sullivan successfully defended his title for a second consecutive year, defeating Shaun Murphy 11–9 in the final. This was the third consecutive title for O'Sullivan in this tournament. The prize fund was £751,000 with the winner receiving £200,000. The event was broadcast by Great Sports Channel, Superstars Online, Youku and Zhibo.tv in China, as well as NowTV in Hong Kong and Eurosport in Europe. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 5 The 2019 Shanghai Masters was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place at the Regal International East Asia Hotel in Shanghai, China from 9 to 15 September 2019. It was the 12th edition of the Shanghai Masters, which was first held in 2007. Ronnie O'Sullivan was the defending champion, having defeated Barry Hawkins 11–9 in the 2018 final, and also having won the tournament in 2017. O'Sullivan successfully defended his title for a second consecutive year, defeating Shaun Murphy 11–9 in the final. This was the third consecutive title for O'Sullivan in this tournament. The prize fund was £751,000 with the winner receiving £200,000. The event was broadcast by Great Sports Channel, Superstars Online, Youku and Zhibo.tv in China, as well as NowTV in Hong Kong and Eurosport in Europe. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span><div style="text-align:left;">The <b><a href="/wiki/2019_Shanghai_Masters" title="2019 Shanghai Masters">2019 Shanghai Masters</a></b> was a professional non-ranking <a href="/wiki/Snooker" title="Snooker">snooker</a> tournament that took place at the Regal International East Asia Hotel in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, China from 9 to 15 September 2019. It was the 12th edition of the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Masters_(snooker)" title="Shanghai Masters (snooker)">Shanghai Masters</a>, which was first held in 2007. <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_O%27Sullivan" title="Ronnie O'Sullivan">Ronnie O'Sullivan</a> was the defending champion, having defeated <a href="/wiki/Barry_Hawkins" title="Barry Hawkins">Barry Hawkins</a> 11–9 in the <a href="/wiki/2018_Shanghai_Masters" title="2018 Shanghai Masters">2018</a> final, and also having won the tournament in <a href="/wiki/2017_Shanghai_Masters" title="2017 Shanghai Masters">2017</a>. O'Sullivan successfully defended his title for a second consecutive year, defeating <a href="/wiki/Shaun_Murphy" title="Shaun Murphy">Shaun Murphy</a> 11–9 in the final. This was the third consecutive title for O'Sullivan in this tournament.<br /><br />The prize fund was <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>751,000 with the winner receiving £200,000. The event was broadcast by Great Sports Channel, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superstars_Online&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superstars Online (page does not exist)">Superstars Online</a>, <a href="/wiki/Youku" title="Youku">Youku</a> and Zhibo.tv in China, as well as <a href="/wiki/NowTV" class="mw-redirect" title="NowTV">NowTV</a> in Hong Kong and <a href="/wiki/Eurosport" title="Eurosport">Eurosport</a> in Europe. (<b><a href="/wiki/2019_Shanghai_Masters" title="2019 Shanghai Masters">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6 The 2019 China Championship (officially the 2019 Evergrande China Championship) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 23 to 29 September 2019. The event was held at the Guangzhou Tianhe Sports Centre in Guangzhou, China. Qualifying for the event took place from 15 to 18 August 2019 at the Barnsley Metrodome in Barnsley, England. The tournament was the fourth edition of the China Championship and the third ranking event of the 2019/2020 season. Mark Selby was the defending champion, having defeated John Higgins in the previous year's final 10–9. Selby reached the semi-finals, before losing 6–3 to Shaun Murphy. Murphy reached his third consecutive final, having done so at the two prior events Shanghai Masters and the International Championship. Murphy played Mark Williams in the final, winning his 8th ranking title with a 10–9 in the final. The highest break of the event was a 145 made by Mark Allen in the first round win over Anthony Hamilton. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 6 The 2019 China Championship (officially the 2019 Evergrande China Championship) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 23 to 29 September 2019. The event was held at the Guangzhou Tianhe Sports Centre in Guangzhou, China. Qualifying for the event took place from 15 to 18 August 2019 at the Barnsley Metrodome in Barnsley, England. The tournament was the fourth edition of the China Championship and the third ranking event of the 2019/2020 season. Mark Selby was the defending champion, having defeated John Higgins in the previous year's final 10–9. Selby reached the semi-finals, before losing 6–3 to Shaun Murphy. Murphy reached his third consecutive final, having done so at the two prior events Shanghai Masters and the International Championship. Murphy played Mark Williams in the final, winning his 8th ranking title with a 10–9 in the final. The highest break of the event was a 145 made by Mark Allen in the first round win over Anthony Hamilton. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span><div style="text-align:left;">The <b><a href="/wiki/2019_China_Championship" title="2019 China Championship">2019 China Championship</a></b> (officially the <b>2019 Evergrande China Championship</b>) was a professional <a href="/wiki/Snooker" title="Snooker">snooker</a> tournament that took place from 23 to 29 September 2019. The event was held at the Guangzhou Tianhe Sports Centre in <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, China. Qualifying for the event took place from 15 to 18 August 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Barnsley_Metrodome" title="Barnsley Metrodome">Barnsley Metrodome</a> in <a href="/wiki/Barnsley" title="Barnsley">Barnsley</a>, England. The tournament was the fourth edition of the <a href="/wiki/China_Championship_(snooker)" title="China Championship (snooker)">China Championship</a> and the third <a href="/wiki/Snooker_world_rankings" title="Snooker world rankings">ranking event</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Snooker_season_2019/2020" class="mw-redirect" title="Snooker season 2019/2020">2019/2020 season</a>.<br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Mark_Selby" title="Mark Selby">Mark Selby</a> was the defending champion, having defeated <a href="/wiki/John_Higgins" title="John Higgins">John Higgins</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2018_China_Championship" title="2018 China Championship">previous year's final</a> 10–9. Selby reached the semi-finals, before losing 6–3 to <a href="/wiki/Shaun_Murphy" title="Shaun Murphy">Shaun Murphy</a>. Murphy reached his third consecutive final, having done so at the two prior events <a href="/wiki/2019_Shanghai_Masters" title="2019 Shanghai Masters">Shanghai Masters</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2019_International_Championship_(snooker)" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 International Championship (snooker)">International Championship</a>. Murphy played <a href="/wiki/Mark_Williams_(snooker_player)" title="Mark Williams (snooker player)">Mark Williams</a> in the final, winning his 8th ranking title with a 10–9 in the final. The highest <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#break" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § break" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">break</span></a></dfn> of the event was a 145 made by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Allen_(snooker_player)" title="Mark Allen (snooker player)">Mark Allen</a> in the first round win over <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hamilton_(snooker_player)" title="Anthony Hamilton (snooker player)">Anthony Hamilton</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/2019_China_Championship" title="2019 China Championship">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7 A statue of the Buddha representing Emperor Taiwu. The Northern Celestial Masters are an evolution of the Daoist Way of the Celestial Master (simplified Chinese: 天师道; traditional Chinese: 天師道; pinyin: Tiān Shī Dào) in the north of China during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The Northern Celestial Masters were a continuation of the Way as it had been practiced in Sichuan province by Zhang Lu and his followers. After the community was forced to relocate in 215 CE, a group of Celestial Masters established themselves in Northern China. Kou Qianzhi, from a family who followed the Celestial Master, brought a new version of Celestial Master Daoism to the Northern Wei. The Northern Wei government embraced his form of Daoism and established it as the state religion, thereby creating a new Daoist theocracy that lasted until 450 CE. The arrival of Buddhism had great influence on the Northern Celestial Masters, bringing monasticism and influencing the diet of practitioners. Art produced in areas dominated by the Northern Celestial Masters also began to show Buddhist influence. When the theocracy collapsed, many Daoists fled to Louguan, which quickly became an important religious center. The Northern Celestial Masters survived as a distinct school at Louguan until the late 7th century CE, when they became integrated into the wider Daoist movement. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 7 A statue of the Buddha representing Emperor Taiwu. The Northern Celestial Masters are an evolution of the Daoist Way of the Celestial Master (simplified Chinese: 天师道; traditional Chinese: 天師道; pinyin: Tiān Shī Dào) in the north of China during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The Northern Celestial Masters were a continuation of the Way as it had been practiced in Sichuan province by Zhang Lu and his followers. After the community was forced to relocate in 215 CE, a group of Celestial Masters established themselves in Northern China. Kou Qianzhi, from a family who followed the Celestial Master, brought a new version of Celestial Master Daoism to the Northern Wei. The Northern Wei government embraced his form of Daoism and established it as the state religion, thereby creating a new Daoist theocracy that lasted until 450 CE. The arrival of Buddhism had great influence on the Northern Celestial Masters, bringing monasticism and influencing the diet of practitioners. Art produced in areas dominated by the Northern Celestial Masters also began to show Buddhist influence. When the theocracy collapsed, many Daoists fled to Louguan, which quickly became an important religious center. The Northern Celestial Masters survived as a distinct school at Louguan until the late 7th century CE, when they became integrated into the wider Daoist movement. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grotten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Grotten.jpg/190px-Grotten.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Grotten.jpg/285px-Grotten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Grotten.jpg/380px-Grotten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>A statue of the Buddha representing Emperor Taiwu.</figcaption></figure><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Northern_Celestial_Masters" title="Northern Celestial Masters">Northern Celestial Masters</a></b> are an evolution of the <a href="/wiki/Daoist" class="mw-redirect" title="Daoist">Daoist</a> <a href="/wiki/Way_of_the_Celestial_Master" class="mw-redirect" title="Way of the Celestial Master">Way of the Celestial Master</a> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">天师道</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">天師道</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Tiān Shī Dào</span></i>) in the north of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Southern_and_Northern_Dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern and Northern Dynasties">Southern and Northern Dynasties</a>. The Northern Celestial Masters were a continuation of the Way as it had been practiced in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> province by <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Lu_(Three_Kingdoms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhang Lu (Three Kingdoms)">Zhang Lu</a> and his followers. After the community was forced to relocate in 215 CE, a group of Celestial Masters established themselves in Northern China. <a href="/wiki/Kou_Qianzhi" title="Kou Qianzhi">Kou Qianzhi</a>, from a family who followed the Celestial Master, brought a new version of Celestial Master Daoism to the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei" title="Northern Wei">Northern Wei</a>. The Northern Wei government embraced his form of Daoism and established it as the state religion, thereby creating a new Daoist <a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">theocracy</a> that lasted until 450 CE. The arrival of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> had great influence on the Northern Celestial Masters, bringing monasticism and influencing the diet of practitioners. Art produced in areas dominated by the Northern Celestial Masters also began to show Buddhist influence. When the theocracy collapsed, many Daoists fled to Louguan, which quickly became an important religious center. The Northern Celestial Masters survived as a distinct school at Louguan until the late 7th century CE, when they became integrated into the wider Daoist movement. (<b><a href="/wiki/The_Northern_Celestial_Masters" class="mw-redirect" title="The Northern Celestial Masters">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8 A sample of pe̍h-ōe-jī text Pe̍h-ōe-jī (Taiwanese Hokkien: [pe˩ˀ o̯e̞˩ d͡ʑi˧] ⓘ, English approximation: /peɪweɪˈdʒiː/ pay-way-JEE; abbr. POJ; lit. 'vernacular writing'), sometimes known as Church Romanization, is an orthography used to write variants of Hokkien Southern Min, particularly Taiwanese and Amoy Hokkien, and it is widely employed as one of the writing systems for Southern Min. During its peak, it had hundreds of thousands of readers. Developed by Western missionaries working among the Chinese diaspora in Southeast Asia in the 19th century and refined by missionaries working in Xiamen and Tainan, it uses a modified Latin alphabet and some diacritics to represent the spoken language. After initial success in Fujian, POJ became most widespread in Taiwan and, in the mid-20th century, there were over 100,000 people literate in POJ. A large amount of printed material, religious and secular, has been produced in the script, including Taiwan's first newspaper, the Taiwan Church News. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 8 A sample of pe̍h-ōe-jī text Pe̍h-ōe-jī (Taiwanese Hokkien: [pe˩ˀ o̯e̞˩ d͡ʑi˧] ⓘ, English approximation: /peɪweɪˈdʒiː/ pay-way-JEE; abbr. POJ; lit. 'vernacular writing'), sometimes known as Church Romanization, is an orthography used to write variants of Hokkien Southern Min, particularly Taiwanese and Amoy Hokkien, and it is widely employed as one of the writing systems for Southern Min. During its peak, it had hundreds of thousands of readers. Developed by Western missionaries working among the Chinese diaspora in Southeast Asia in the 19th century and refined by missionaries working in Xiamen and Tainan, it uses a modified Latin alphabet and some diacritics to represent the spoken language. After initial success in Fujian, POJ became most widespread in Taiwan and, in the mid-20th century, there were over 100,000 people literate in POJ. A large amount of printed material, religious and secular, has been produced in the script, including Taiwan's first newspaper, the Taiwan Church News. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:POJ_text_sample_corrected.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/POJ_text_sample_corrected.svg/220px-POJ_text_sample_corrected.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/POJ_text_sample_corrected.svg/330px-POJ_text_sample_corrected.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/POJ_text_sample_corrected.svg/440px-POJ_text_sample_corrected.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="414" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">A sample of <span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="nan-Latn">pe̍h-ōe-jī</i></span> text</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="nan-Latn">Pe̍h-ōe-jī</i></span></a></b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Taiwanese Hokkien:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nan-TW-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Help:IPA/Taiwanese Hokkien">[pe˩ˀ<span class="wrap"> </span>o̯e̞˩<span class="wrap"> </span>d͡ʑi˧]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/08\/Peh-oe-ji.ogg\/Peh-oe-ji.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Peh-oe-ji.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/Peh-oe-ji.ogg/Peh-oe-ji.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Peh-oe-ji.ogg" title="File:Peh-oe-ji.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, <small>English approximation:</small> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">pay-way-<span style="font-size:90%">JEE</span></i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Abbr." class="mw-redirect" title="Abbr.">abbr.</a> <b>POJ</b>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">vernacular writing</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), sometimes known as <b>Church Romanization</b>, is an <a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">orthography</a> used to write variants of <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Taiwanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amoy_dialect" title="Amoy dialect">Amoy Hokkien</a>, and it is widely employed as one of the writing systems for Southern Min. During its peak, it had hundreds of thousands of readers.<br /><br />Developed by Western <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionaries</a> working among the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_emigration" title="Chinese emigration">Chinese diaspora</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> in the 19th century and refined by missionaries working in <a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a>, it uses a modified <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a> to represent the spoken language. After initial success in <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a>, POJ became most widespread in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> and, in the mid-20th century, there were over 100,000 people literate in POJ. A large amount of printed material, religious and secular, has been produced in the script, including <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>'s first newspaper, the <i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Church_News" title="Taiwan Church News">Taiwan Church News</a></i>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9 On June 2, 2012, Feng Jianmei (Chinese: 冯建梅; pinyin: Féng Jiànméi) was forced to have an abortion in Zhenping County, Shaanxi, China, when she was seven months pregnant with her second child. Local officials had demanded that she and her husband pay a 40,000 yuan fine for violating the nation's one-child policy. When they were unable to do so, authorities arrested Feng, made her sign an agreement to have an abortion, and held her down while injecting her with an abortifacient. She was reportedly traumatized by the incident and in poor health afterwards. On June 11, Feng's family posted graphic pictures of her stillborn child. The images soon became a viral phenomenon, sparking controversy within China and drawing international attention to the issue of forced abortions. In response to national and international attention, the Chinese government launched an investigation. On June 26, the investigation determined that Feng was not legally entitled to a second child, but that her rights had nonetheless been violated by the local family planning bureau, and as a result, two officials were fired and five others punished. On June 27, the National Population and Family Planning Commission announced it would send inspection teams across China to review the practices of local family planning divisions. Feng's husband, Deng Jiyuan (Chinese: 邓吉元; pinyin: Dèng Jíyuán), hired a lawyer to pursue criminal charges, but ultimately the family decided to settle out of court. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 9 On June 2, 2012, Feng Jianmei (Chinese: 冯建梅; pinyin: Féng Jiànméi) was forced to have an abortion in Zhenping County, Shaanxi, China, when she was seven months pregnant with her second child. Local officials had demanded that she and her husband pay a 40,000 yuan fine for violating the nation's one-child policy. When they were unable to do so, authorities arrested Feng, made her sign an agreement to have an abortion, and held her down while injecting her with an abortifacient. She was reportedly traumatized by the incident and in poor health afterwards. On June 11, Feng's family posted graphic pictures of her stillborn child. The images soon became a viral phenomenon, sparking controversy within China and drawing international attention to the issue of forced abortions. In response to national and international attention, the Chinese government launched an investigation. On June 26, the investigation determined that Feng was not legally entitled to a second child, but that her rights had nonetheless been violated by the local family planning bureau, and as a result, two officials were fired and five others punished. On June 27, the National Population and Family Planning Commission announced it would send inspection teams across China to review the practices of local family planning divisions. Feng's husband, Deng Jiyuan (Chinese: 邓吉元; pinyin: Dèng Jíyuán), hired a lawyer to pursue criminal charges, but ultimately the family decided to settle out of court. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span><div style="text-align:left;">On June 2, 2012, <b><a href="/wiki/Forced_abortion_of_Feng_Jianmei" title="Forced abortion of Feng Jianmei">Feng Jianmei</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">冯建梅</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Féng Jiànméi</span></i>) was <a href="/wiki/Forced_abortion" title="Forced abortion">forced to have an abortion</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zhenping_County,_Shaanxi" title="Zhenping County, Shaanxi">Zhenping County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, when she was seven months pregnant with her second child. Local officials had demanded that she and her husband pay a 40,000 <a href="/wiki/Chinese_yuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese yuan">yuan</a> fine for violating the nation's <a href="/wiki/One-child_policy" title="One-child policy">one-child policy</a>. When they were unable to do so, authorities arrested Feng, made her sign an agreement to have an abortion, and held her down while injecting her with an <a href="/wiki/Abortifacient" title="Abortifacient">abortifacient</a>. She was reportedly traumatized by the incident and in poor health afterwards.<br /><br />On June 11, Feng's family posted graphic pictures of her stillborn child. The images soon became a <a href="/wiki/Viral_phenomenon" title="Viral phenomenon">viral phenomenon</a>, sparking controversy within China and drawing international attention to the issue of forced abortions. In response to national and international attention, the Chinese government launched an investigation. On June 26, the investigation determined that Feng was not legally entitled to a second child, but that her rights had nonetheless been violated by the local family planning bureau, and as a result, two officials were fired and five others punished. On June 27, the <a href="/wiki/National_Population_and_Family_Planning_Commission" title="National Population and Family Planning Commission">National Population and Family Planning Commission</a> announced it would send inspection teams across China to review the practices of local family planning divisions. Feng's husband, Deng Jiyuan (Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hans">邓吉元</span>; pinyin: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Dèng Jíyuán</span></i>), hired a lawyer to pursue criminal charges, but ultimately the family decided to settle out of court. (<b><a href="/wiki/Forced_abortion_of_Feng_Jianmei" title="Forced abortion of Feng Jianmei">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10 Japanese tanks attacking Nanjing's Zhonghua Gate under artillery fire The Battle of Nanking (or Nanjing) was fought in early December 1937 during the Second Sino-Japanese War between the Chinese National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army for control of Nanjing (Chinese: 南京; pinyin: Nánjīng), the capital of the Republic of China. Following the outbreak of war between Japan and China in July 1937, the Japanese and Chinese forces engaged in the vicious three-month Battle of Shanghai, where both sides suffered heavy casualties. The Japanese eventually won the battle, forcing the Chinese army into a withdrawal. Capitalizing on their victory, the Japanese officially authorized a campaign to capture Nanjing. The task of occupying Nanjing was given to General Iwane Matsui, the commander of Japan's Central China Area Army, who believed that the capture of Nanjing would force China to surrender and thus end the war. Chinese leader Chiang Kai-shek ultimately decided to defend the city and appointed Tang Shengzhi to command the Nanjing Garrison Force, a hastily assembled army of local conscripts and the remnants of the Chinese units who had fought in Shanghai. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 10 Japanese tanks attacking Nanjing's Zhonghua Gate under artillery fire The Battle of Nanking (or Nanjing) was fought in early December 1937 during the Second Sino-Japanese War between the Chinese National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army for control of Nanjing (Chinese: 南京; pinyin: Nánjīng), the capital of the Republic of China. Following the outbreak of war between Japan and China in July 1937, the Japanese and Chinese forces engaged in the vicious three-month Battle of Shanghai, where both sides suffered heavy casualties. The Japanese eventually won the battle, forcing the Chinese army into a withdrawal. Capitalizing on their victory, the Japanese officially authorized a campaign to capture Nanjing. The task of occupying Nanjing was given to General Iwane Matsui, the commander of Japan's Central China Area Army, who believed that the capture of Nanjing would force China to surrender and thus end the war. Chinese leader Chiang Kai-shek ultimately decided to defend the city and appointed Tang Shengzhi to command the Nanjing Garrison Force, a hastily assembled army of local conscripts and the remnants of the Chinese units who had fought in Shanghai. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Attacking_the_Gate_of_China02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Attacking_the_Gate_of_China02.jpg/220px-Attacking_the_Gate_of_China02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Attacking_the_Gate_of_China02.jpg/330px-Attacking_the_Gate_of_China02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Attacking_the_Gate_of_China02.jpg/440px-Attacking_the_Gate_of_China02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1516" data-file-height="1403" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Japanese tanks attacking Nanjing's Zhonghua Gate under artillery fire</div></div></div></div><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nanking" title="Battle of Nanking">Battle of Nanking</a></b> (or <b>Nanjing</b>) was fought in early December 1937 during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> between the Chinese <a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Army" title="National Revolutionary Army">National Revolutionary Army</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> for control of <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">南京</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Nánjīng</span></i>), the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Republic of China</a>.<br /><br />Following the outbreak of war between <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a> and China in July 1937, the Japanese and Chinese forces engaged in the vicious three-month <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanghai" title="Battle of Shanghai">Battle of Shanghai</a>, where both sides suffered heavy casualties. The Japanese eventually won the battle, forcing the Chinese army into a withdrawal. Capitalizing on their victory, the Japanese officially authorized a campaign to capture Nanjing. The task of occupying Nanjing was given to General <a href="/wiki/Iwane_Matsui" title="Iwane Matsui">Iwane Matsui</a>, the commander of Japan's Central China Area Army, who believed that the capture of Nanjing would force China to surrender and thus end the war. Chinese leader <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> ultimately decided to defend the city and appointed <a href="/wiki/Tang_Shengzhi" title="Tang Shengzhi">Tang Shengzhi</a> to command the Nanjing Garrison Force, a hastily assembled army of local conscripts and the remnants of the Chinese units who had fought in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nanking" title="Battle of Nanking">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11 Xu in 1940 Xu Lai (Chinese: 徐来; Wade–Giles: Hsü Lai; 1909 – 4 April 1973) was a Chinese film actress, socialite, and World War II secret agent. Known as the "Standard Beauty", she was active in the film industry for only three years, and quit acting after the suicide of the great star Ruan Lingyu in 1935. Her first husband was Li Jinhui, the "Father of Chinese pop music". During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Xu and her second husband, Lieutenant General Tang Shengming, ostensibly served under the Japanese-controlled Nanking puppet regime, but secretly worked as agents for the Republic of China resistance based in Chongqing. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 11 Xu in 1940 Xu Lai (Chinese: 徐来; Wade–Giles: Hsü Lai; 1909 – 4 April 1973) was a Chinese film actress, socialite, and World War II secret agent. Known as the "Standard Beauty", she was active in the film industry for only three years, and quit acting after the suicide of the great star Ruan Lingyu in 1935. Her first husband was Li Jinhui, the "Father of Chinese pop music". During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Xu and her second husband, Lieutenant General Tang Shengming, ostensibly served under the Japanese-controlled Nanking puppet regime, but secretly worked as agents for the Republic of China resistance based in Chongqing. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Xu_Lai_1_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Xu_Lai_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Xu_Lai_1_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Xu_Lai_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Xu_Lai_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Xu_Lai_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Xu in 1940</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Xu_Lai_(actress)" title="Xu Lai (actress)">Xu Lai</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">徐来</span>; <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">Hsü Lai</span></i>; 1909 – 4 April 1973) was a Chinese film actress, socialite, and World War II <a href="/wiki/Secret_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Secret agent">secret agent</a>. Known as the "Standard Beauty", she was active in the film industry for only three years, and quit acting after the suicide of the great star <a href="/wiki/Ruan_Lingyu" title="Ruan Lingyu">Ruan Lingyu</a> in 1935. Her first husband was <a href="/wiki/Li_Jinhui" title="Li Jinhui">Li Jinhui</a>, the "Father of Chinese pop music".<br /><br />During the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>, Xu and her second husband, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General">Lieutenant General</a> Tang Shengming, ostensibly served under the Japanese-controlled <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Nanking puppet regime</a>, but secretly worked as agents for the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> resistance based in <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Xu_Lai_(actress)" title="Xu Lai (actress)">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12 The 'divine fire flying crow' (shen huo fei ya), an aerodynamic winged rocket bomb from the Huolongjing The Huolongjing (traditional Chinese: 火龍經; simplified Chinese: 火龙经; pinyin: Huǒ Lóng Jīng; Wade-Giles: Huo Lung Ching; rendered in English as Fire Drake Manual or Fire Dragon Manual), also known as Huoqitu (“Firearm Illustrations”), is a Chinese military treatise compiled and edited by Jiao Yu and Liu Bowen of the early Ming dynasty (1368–1683) during the 14th century. The Huolongjing is primarily based on the text known as Huolong Shenqi Tufa (Illustrations of Divine Fire Dragon Engines), which no longer exists. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 12 The 'divine fire flying crow' (shen huo fei ya), an aerodynamic winged rocket bomb from the Huolongjing The Huolongjing (traditional Chinese: 火龍經; simplified Chinese: 火龙经; pinyin: Huǒ Lóng Jīng; Wade-Giles: Huo Lung Ching; rendered in English as Fire Drake Manual or Fire Dragon Manual), also known as Huoqitu (“Firearm Illustrations”), is a Chinese military treatise compiled and edited by Jiao Yu and Liu Bowen of the early Ming dynasty (1368–1683) during the 14th century. The Huolongjing is primarily based on the text known as Huolong Shenqi Tufa (Illustrations of Divine Fire Dragon Engines), which no longer exists. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%27Flying_Crow_With_Magic_Fire%27,_a_winged_rocket_bomb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%27Flying_Crow_With_Magic_Fire%27%2C_a_winged_rocket_bomb.jpg/300px-%27Flying_Crow_With_Magic_Fire%27%2C_a_winged_rocket_bomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%27Flying_Crow_With_Magic_Fire%27%2C_a_winged_rocket_bomb.jpg/450px-%27Flying_Crow_With_Magic_Fire%27%2C_a_winged_rocket_bomb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%27Flying_Crow_With_Magic_Fire%27%2C_a_winged_rocket_bomb.jpg/600px-%27Flying_Crow_With_Magic_Fire%27%2C_a_winged_rocket_bomb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="942" data-file-height="1226" /></a><figcaption>The 'divine fire flying crow' (<i>shen huo fei ya</i>), an aerodynamic winged rocket bomb from the <i>Huolongjing</i></figcaption></figure><br />The <i><b><a href="/wiki/Huolongjing" title="Huolongjing">Huolongjing</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">火龍經</span>; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">火龙经</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Huǒ Lóng Jīng</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Wade-Giles" class="mw-redirect" title="Wade-Giles">Wade-Giles</a>: <i><b>Huo Lung Ching</b></i>; rendered in English as <i><b>Fire Drake Manual</b></i> or <i><b>Fire Dragon Manual</b></i>), also known as <i><b>Huoqitu</b></i> (“Firearm Illustrations”), is a Chinese military treatise compiled and edited by <a href="/wiki/Jiao_Yu" title="Jiao Yu">Jiao Yu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liu_Bowen" title="Liu Bowen">Liu Bowen</a> of the early <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> (1368–1683) during the 14th century. The <i>Huolongjing</i> is primarily based on the text known as <i>Huolong Shenqi Tufa</i> (<i>Illustrations of Divine Fire Dragon Engines</i>), which no longer exists. (<b><a href="/wiki/Huolongjing" title="Huolongjing">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13 The national flag of the People's Republic of China, also known as the Five-star Red Flag, is a Chinese red field with five golden stars charged at the canton. The design features one large star, with four smaller stars in an arc set off towards the fly. It has been the national flag of China since the foundation of the People's Republic of China on 1 October 1949. The flag was designed by Zeng Liansong. The red represents the Chinese Communist Revolution. The five stars and their relationships to each other represent the unity of four social classes of Chinese people, symbolized by four smaller stars, under the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), symbolized by the large star. The flag was first hoisted by the People's Liberation Army (PLA) on a pole overlooking Beijing's Tiananmen Square on 1 October 1949, at a ceremony proclaiming the establishment of the People's Republic of China. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 13 The national flag of the People's Republic of China, also known as the Five-star Red Flag, is a Chinese red field with five golden stars charged at the canton. The design features one large star, with four smaller stars in an arc set off towards the fly. It has been the national flag of China since the foundation of the People's Republic of China on 1 October 1949. The flag was designed by Zeng Liansong. The red represents the Chinese Communist Revolution. The five stars and their relationships to each other represent the unity of four social classes of Chinese people, symbolized by four smaller stars, under the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), symbolized by the large star. The flag was first hoisted by the People's Liberation Army (PLA) on a pole overlooking Beijing's Tiananmen Square on 1 October 1949, at a ceremony proclaiming the establishment of the People's Republic of China. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_China" title="Flag of China">national flag of the People's Republic of China</a></b>, also known as the <b>Five-star Red Flag</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Vermilion#Chinese_red" title="Vermilion">Chinese red</a> field with five golden <a href="/wiki/Five-pointed_star" title="Five-pointed star">stars</a> <a href="/wiki/Charge_(heraldry)" title="Charge (heraldry)">charged</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_vexillology#Flag_elements" title="Glossary of vexillology">canton</a>. The design features one large star, with four smaller stars in an arc set off towards the fly. It has been the national flag of China since the <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Proclamation of the People's Republic of China">foundation of the People's Republic of China on 1 October 1949</a>. The flag was designed by <a href="/wiki/Zeng_Liansong" title="Zeng Liansong">Zeng Liansong</a>.<br /><br />The red represents the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a>. The five stars and their relationships to each other represent the unity of four social classes of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese people</a>, symbolized by four smaller stars, under the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP), symbolized by the large star. The flag was first hoisted by the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> (PLA) on a pole overlooking Beijing's <a href="/wiki/Tiananmen_Square" title="Tiananmen Square">Tiananmen Square</a> on 1 October 1949, at a ceremony proclaiming the establishment of the People's Republic of China. (<b><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_China" title="Flag of China">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14 A Northern Song coin (sheng song yuan bao 聖宋元寶) The economy of the Song dynasty (960–1279) has been characterized as the most prosperous in the world at the time. The dynasty moved away from the top-down command economy of the Tang dynasty (618–907) and made extensive use of market mechanisms as national income grew to be around three times that of 12th century Europe. The dynasty was beset by invasions and border pressure, lost control of North China in 1127, and fell in 1279. Yet the period saw the growth of cities, regional specialization, and a national market. There was sustained growth in population and per capita income, structural change in the economy, and increased technological innovation such as movable print, improved seeds for rice and other commercial crops, gunpowder, water-powered mechanical clocks, the use of coal as an industrial fuel, improved iron and steel production, and more efficient canal locks. China had a steel production of around 100,000 tons plus urban cities with millions of people at the time. Commerce in global markets increased significantly. Merchants invested in trading vessels and trade which reached ports as far away as East Africa. This period also witnessed the development of the world's first banknote, or printed paper money (see Jiaozi, Guanzi, Huizi), which circulated on a massive scale. A unified tax system and efficient trade routes by road and canal meant the development of a nationwide market. Regional specialization promoted economic efficiency and increased productivity. Although much of the central government's treasury went to the military, taxes imposed on the rising commercial base refilled the coffers and further encouraged the monetary economy. Reformers and conservatives debated the role of government in the economy. The emperor and his government still took responsibility for the economy, but generally made fewer claims than in earlier dynasties. The government did, however, continue to enforce monopolies on certain manufactured items and market goods to boost revenues and secure resources that were vital to the empire's security, such as tea, salt, and chemical components for gunpowder. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 14 A Northern Song coin (sheng song yuan bao 聖宋元寶) The economy of the Song dynasty (960–1279) has been characterized as the most prosperous in the world at the time. The dynasty moved away from the top-down command economy of the Tang dynasty (618–907) and made extensive use of market mechanisms as national income grew to be around three times that of 12th century Europe. The dynasty was beset by invasions and border pressure, lost control of North China in 1127, and fell in 1279. Yet the period saw the growth of cities, regional specialization, and a national market. There was sustained growth in population and per capita income, structural change in the economy, and increased technological innovation such as movable print, improved seeds for rice and other commercial crops, gunpowder, water-powered mechanical clocks, the use of coal as an industrial fuel, improved iron and steel production, and more efficient canal locks. China had a steel production of around 100,000 tons plus urban cities with millions of people at the time. Commerce in global markets increased significantly. Merchants invested in trading vessels and trade which reached ports as far away as East Africa. This period also witnessed the development of the world's first banknote, or printed paper money (see Jiaozi, Guanzi, Huizi), which circulated on a massive scale. A unified tax system and efficient trade routes by road and canal meant the development of a nationwide market. Regional specialization promoted economic efficiency and increased productivity. Although much of the central government's treasury went to the military, taxes imposed on the rising commercial base refilled the coffers and further encouraged the monetary economy. Reformers and conservatives debated the role of government in the economy. The emperor and his government still took responsibility for the economy, but generally made fewer claims than in earlier dynasties. The government did, however, continue to enforce monopolies on certain manufactured items and market goods to boost revenues and secure resources that were vital to the empire's security, such as tea, salt, and chemical components for gunpowder. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_Seisou_Genbou_coin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A circular golden coin with a square hole in the center and four Chinese characters, one to each side of the hole, embossed into the body of the coin." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Chinese_Seisou_Genbou_coin.jpg/220px-Chinese_Seisou_Genbou_coin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Chinese_Seisou_Genbou_coin.jpg/330px-Chinese_Seisou_Genbou_coin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Chinese_Seisou_Genbou_coin.jpg/440px-Chinese_Seisou_Genbou_coin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="758" /></a><figcaption>A Northern Song coin (<i>sheng song yuan bao</i> <span lang="zh">聖宋元寶</span>)</figcaption></figure><br />The economy of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (960–1279) has been characterized as the most prosperous in the world at the time. The dynasty moved away from the top-down command economy of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (618–907) and made extensive use of market mechanisms as national income grew to be around three times that of 12th century Europe. The dynasty was beset by invasions and border pressure, lost control of North China in 1127, and fell in 1279. Yet the period saw the growth of cities, regional specialization, and a national market. There was sustained growth in population and per capita income, structural change in the economy, and increased technological innovation such as movable print, improved seeds for rice and other commercial crops, gunpowder, water-powered mechanical clocks, the use of coal as an industrial fuel, improved iron and steel production, and more efficient canal locks. China had a steel production of around 100,000 tons plus urban cities with millions of people at the time.<br /><br />Commerce in global markets increased significantly. Merchants invested in trading vessels and trade which reached ports as far away as East Africa. This period also witnessed the development of the world's first <a href="/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">banknote</a>, or printed paper money (see <a href="/wiki/Jiaozi_(currency)" title="Jiaozi (currency)">Jiaozi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guanzi_(currency)" title="Guanzi (currency)">Guanzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huizi_(currency)" title="Huizi (currency)">Huizi</a>), which circulated on a massive scale. A unified tax system and efficient trade routes by road and canal meant the development of a nationwide market. Regional specialization promoted economic efficiency and increased productivity. Although much of the central government's treasury went to the military, taxes imposed on the rising commercial base refilled the coffers and further encouraged the monetary economy. Reformers and conservatives debated the role of government in the economy. The emperor and his government still took responsibility for the economy, but generally made fewer claims than in earlier dynasties. The government did, however, continue to enforce monopolies on certain manufactured items and market goods to boost revenues and secure resources that were vital to the empire's security, such as tea, salt, and chemical components for <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="Economy of the Song dynasty">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15 Song jian 1989 Song Jian (Chinese: 宋健; Wade–Giles: Sung Chien; born 29 December 1931) is a Chinese aerospace engineer, demographer, and politician. He was deputy chief designer of China's submarine-launched ballistic missile (JL-1) and one of the country's leading scientists in the post-Cultural Revolution era. After a decade of two-child restrictions in the 1970s, and following the Chinese government's announcement in 1979 to advocate for one child per family, he became a leading advocate for rapid implementation and broad coverage of China's one-child policy. He served in high-ranking political positions including Vice Minister of Aerospace Industry, Director of the State Science and Technology Commission (1985–1998), vice-premier-level State Councillor (1986–1998), President of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and a member of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 15 Song jian 1989 Song Jian (Chinese: 宋健; Wade–Giles: Sung Chien; born 29 December 1931) is a Chinese aerospace engineer, demographer, and politician. He was deputy chief designer of China's submarine-launched ballistic missile (JL-1) and one of the country's leading scientists in the post-Cultural Revolution era. After a decade of two-child restrictions in the 1970s, and following the Chinese government's announcement in 1979 to advocate for one child per family, he became a leading advocate for rapid implementation and broad coverage of China's one-child policy. He served in high-ranking political positions including Vice Minister of Aerospace Industry, Director of the State Science and Technology Commission (1985–1998), vice-premier-level State Councillor (1986–1998), President of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and a member of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Song_jian_1989.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Song_jian_1989.jpg/220px-Song_jian_1989.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Song_jian_1989.jpg/330px-Song_jian_1989.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Song_jian_1989.jpg 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="571" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Song jian 1989</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Song_Jian" title="Song Jian">Song Jian</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">宋健</span>; <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile"><b>Sung Chien</b></span></i>; born 29 December 1931) is a Chinese aerospace engineer, demographer, and politician. He was deputy chief designer of China's <a href="/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile" title="Submarine-launched ballistic missile">submarine-launched ballistic missile</a> (<a href="/wiki/JL-1" title="JL-1">JL-1</a>) and one of the country's leading scientists in the post-<a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> era. After a decade of two-child restrictions in the 1970s, and following the Chinese government's announcement in 1979 to advocate for one child per family, he became a leading advocate for rapid implementation and broad coverage of China's <a href="/wiki/One-child_policy" title="One-child policy">one-child policy</a>. He served in high-ranking political positions including <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Aerospace_Industry" title="Ministry of Aerospace Industry">Vice Minister of Aerospace Industry</a>, Director of the <a href="/wiki/State_Science_and_Technology_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="State Science and Technology Commission">State Science and Technology Commission</a> (1985–1998), vice-premier-level <a href="/wiki/State_councillor_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="State councillor (China)">State Councillor</a> (1986–1998), President of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Chinese Academy of Engineering">Chinese Academy of Engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairperson_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference</a>, and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Song_Jian" title="Song Jian">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> </ul></div></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:China/Recognized_content#Good_articles" title="Portal:China/Recognized content">More good articles</a></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FSelected_picture%2F25&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Selected_picture" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected picture</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Shanhu_pagodas_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pagodas by Lake Shanhu"><img alt="Pagodas by Lake Shanhu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Lake_Shanhu_pagodas_at_night.jpg/350px-Lake_Shanhu_pagodas_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Lake_Shanhu_pagodas_at_night.jpg/525px-Lake_Shanhu_pagodas_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Lake_Shanhu_pagodas_at_night.jpg/700px-Lake_Shanhu_pagodas_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1520" /></a><figcaption>Pagodas by Lake Shanhu</figcaption></figure> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding: 0; margin: 0; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center;" width="33%"><small>Credit: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Miguel_A._Monjas" class="extiw" title="commons:User:Miguel A. Monjas">Miguel A. Monjas</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">Pagodas</a> lit up at night near the <a href="/wiki/Lijiang_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lijiang River">Lijiang River</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a> Province. </p> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding: 0; margin: 0; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td width="33%"><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:China/Selected_picture" title="Portal:China/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></b></div></td> <td> <div style="text-align:right;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:4px;"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">Read more</a></b> </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FAnniversaries%2FDecember%2FDecember_1&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Anniversaries_for_December_1" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Anniversaries for December 1</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <dl><dt>Births</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wan_Li" title="Wan Li">Wan Li</a>, Chinese politician</li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b> <a href="/wiki/Portal:China/Anniversaries/December" title="Portal:China/Anniversaries/December">More December anniversaries</a> / <a href="/wiki/Portal:China/Anniversaries" title="Portal:China/Anniversaries">All anniversaries</a> </b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="General_images_-_load_new_batch" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">General images - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:China&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>load new batch</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><small><b>The following are images from various China-related articles on Wikipedia.</b></small></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1021884966"><div class="randomSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1Flag of the First Guangzhou uprising (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 1Flag of the First Guangzhou uprising (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/120px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/180px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/240px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span>Flag of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Guangzhou_uprising&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Guangzhou uprising (page does not exist)">First Guangzhou uprising</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liao_Dynasty_Avalokitesvara_Statue_Clear.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2Wooden sculpture of Guanyin (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 2Wooden sculpture of Guanyin (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Liao_Dynasty_Avalokitesvara_Statue_Clear.jpeg/90px-Liao_Dynasty_Avalokitesvara_Statue_Clear.jpeg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Liao_Dynasty_Avalokitesvara_Statue_Clear.jpeg/135px-Liao_Dynasty_Avalokitesvara_Statue_Clear.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Liao_Dynasty_Avalokitesvara_Statue_Clear.jpeg/180px-Liao_Dynasty_Avalokitesvara_Statue_Clear.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span>Wooden sculpture of <a href="/wiki/Guanyin" title="Guanyin">Guanyin</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wuyi_palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3Taoist architecture in China (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 3Taoist architecture in China (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Wuyi_palace.jpg/120px-Wuyi_palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Wuyi_palace.jpg/180px-Wuyi_palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Wuyi_palace.jpg/240px-Wuyi_palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span>Taoist architecture in China (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Four_treasures_of_the_Study.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4The Four Treasures of the Study – brush, ink, paper and ink stone in Chinese calligraphy traditions. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 4The Four Treasures of the Study – brush, ink, paper and ink stone in Chinese calligraphy traditions. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Four_treasures_of_the_Study.jpg/120px-Four_treasures_of_the_Study.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Four_treasures_of_the_Study.jpg/180px-Four_treasures_of_the_Study.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Four_treasures_of_the_Study.jpg/240px-Four_treasures_of_the_Study.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Four_Treasures_of_the_Study" title="Four Treasures of the Study">Four Treasures of the Study</a> – brush, ink, paper and ink stone in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">Chinese calligraphy</a> traditions. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China,_Chinese_Export_--_European_Market,_18th_century_-_Tea_Caddy_(lid)_-_1958.213.b_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5Chinese Export—European Market, 18th century - Tea Caddy (lid) (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 5Chinese Export—European Market, 18th century - Tea Caddy (lid) (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/China%2C_Chinese_Export_--_European_Market%2C_18th_century_-_Tea_Caddy_%28lid%29_-_1958.213.b_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/120px-China%2C_Chinese_Export_--_European_Market%2C_18th_century_-_Tea_Caddy_%28lid%29_-_1958.213.b_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/China%2C_Chinese_Export_--_European_Market%2C_18th_century_-_Tea_Caddy_%28lid%29_-_1958.213.b_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/180px-China%2C_Chinese_Export_--_European_Market%2C_18th_century_-_Tea_Caddy_%28lid%29_-_1958.213.b_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/China%2C_Chinese_Export_--_European_Market%2C_18th_century_-_Tea_Caddy_%28lid%29_-_1958.213.b_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg/240px-China%2C_Chinese_Export_--_European_Market%2C_18th_century_-_Tea_Caddy_%28lid%29_-_1958.213.b_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span>Chinese Export—European Market, 18th century - Tea Caddy (lid) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6Flag of the Republic of China from 1928 to now (from History of China)"><img alt="Blue Sky White Sun Wholly Red Earth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span>Flag of the Republic of China from 1928 to now (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dragon_Tea_Pot,_Republic_of_China_Era.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7Dragon Tea Pot, Republic of China (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 7Dragon Tea Pot, Republic of China (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Dragon_Tea_Pot%2C_Republic_of_China_Era.jpg/120px-Dragon_Tea_Pot%2C_Republic_of_China_Era.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Dragon_Tea_Pot%2C_Republic_of_China_Era.jpg/180px-Dragon_Tea_Pot%2C_Republic_of_China_Era.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Dragon_Tea_Pot%2C_Republic_of_China_Era.jpg/240px-Dragon_Tea_Pot%2C_Republic_of_China_Era.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span>Dragon Tea Pot, Republic of China (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Koi_feeding,_National_Arboretum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8Koi Pond is a signature scenery depicted in Chinese gardens (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 8Koi Pond is a signature scenery depicted in Chinese gardens (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Koi_feeding%2C_National_Arboretum.jpg/120px-Koi_feeding%2C_National_Arboretum.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Koi_feeding%2C_National_Arboretum.jpg/180px-Koi_feeding%2C_National_Arboretum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Koi_feeding%2C_National_Arboretum.jpg/240px-Koi_feeding%2C_National_Arboretum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span><a href="/wiki/Koi_Pond" class="mw-redirect" title="Koi Pond">Koi Pond</a> is a signature scenery depicted in Chinese gardens (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spoon_and_chopsticks.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9Photo showing serving chopsticks (gongkuai) on the far right, personal chopsticks (putongkuai) in the middle, and a spoon. Serving chopsticks are usually more ornate than the personal ones. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 9Photo showing serving chopsticks (gongkuai) on the far right, personal chopsticks (putongkuai) in the middle, and a spoon. Serving chopsticks are usually more ornate than the personal ones. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Spoon_and_chopsticks.jpg/80px-Spoon_and_chopsticks.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Spoon_and_chopsticks.jpg/120px-Spoon_and_chopsticks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Spoon_and_chopsticks.jpg/159px-Spoon_and_chopsticks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span>Photo showing serving chopsticks (<i>gongkuai</i>) on the far right, personal chopsticks (<i>putongkuai</i>) in the middle, and a spoon. Serving chopsticks are usually more ornate than the personal ones. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Terracotta_Army-China2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10The massive Terracotta Army of Qin Shi Huang, a UNESCO World Heritage Site (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 10The massive Terracotta Army of Qin Shi Huang, a UNESCO World Heritage Site (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Terracotta_Army-China2.jpg/120px-Terracotta_Army-China2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Terracotta_Army-China2.jpg/180px-Terracotta_Army-China2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Terracotta_Army-China2.jpg/240px-Terracotta_Army-China2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span>The massive <a href="/wiki/Terracotta_Army" title="Terracotta Army">Terracotta Army</a> of <a href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang">Qin Shi Huang</a>, a UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tea_Pots.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11Ancient China's Tea Pots (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 11Ancient China's Tea Pots (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Tea_Pots.jpg/120px-Tea_Pots.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Tea_Pots.jpg/180px-Tea_Pots.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Tea_Pots.jpg/240px-Tea_Pots.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span>Ancient China's Tea Pots (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Singapore_Dragon-used-for-traditional-dragondance-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12Dragon dance (舞龙) (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 12Dragon dance (舞龙) (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Singapore_Dragon-used-for-traditional-dragondance-01.jpg/120px-Singapore_Dragon-used-for-traditional-dragondance-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Singapore_Dragon-used-for-traditional-dragondance-01.jpg/180px-Singapore_Dragon-used-for-traditional-dragondance-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Singapore_Dragon-used-for-traditional-dragondance-01.jpg/240px-Singapore_Dragon-used-for-traditional-dragondance-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5088" data-file-height="3634" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span><a href="/wiki/Dragon_dance" title="Dragon dance">Dragon dance</a> (舞龙) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Evl53201b_pic.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13Journey to the West (西遊記/西游记) (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 13Journey to the West (西遊記/西游记) (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Evl53201b_pic.jpg/78px-Evl53201b_pic.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Evl53201b_pic.jpg/116px-Evl53201b_pic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Evl53201b_pic.jpg/155px-Evl53201b_pic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_West" title="Journey to the West">Journey to the West</a> (西遊記/西游记) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nine-Dragons1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14"Nine Dragons" handscroll section, by Chen Rong(1244 CE), Song dynasty. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 14"Nine Dragons" handscroll section, by Chen Rong(1244 CE), Song dynasty. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nine-Dragons1.jpg/120px-Nine-Dragons1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nine-Dragons1.jpg/180px-Nine-Dragons1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nine-Dragons1.jpg/240px-Nine-Dragons1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="435" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span>"Nine Dragons" handscroll section, by <a href="/wiki/Chen_Rong_(painter)" title="Chen Rong (painter)">Chen Rong</a>(1244 CE), <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>. <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BE.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15Official map of the Qing Empire published in 1905 (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 15Official map of the Qing Empire published in 1905 (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BE.png/120px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BE.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BE.png/180px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BE.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BE.png/240px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BE.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span>Official map of the Qing Empire published in 1905 (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:YEAR_OF_THE_MONKEY_IN_DUBLIN_(CHINESE_POETRY_ON_THE_DART_TO_CELEBRATE_THE_NEW_CHINESE_YEAR)-111425_(24150640974).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 16Guzheng, a type of Chinese instrument. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 16Guzheng, a type of Chinese instrument. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/YEAR_OF_THE_MONKEY_IN_DUBLIN_%28CHINESE_POETRY_ON_THE_DART_TO_CELEBRATE_THE_NEW_CHINESE_YEAR%29-111425_%2824150640974%29.jpg/120px-YEAR_OF_THE_MONKEY_IN_DUBLIN_%28CHINESE_POETRY_ON_THE_DART_TO_CELEBRATE_THE_NEW_CHINESE_YEAR%29-111425_%2824150640974%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/YEAR_OF_THE_MONKEY_IN_DUBLIN_%28CHINESE_POETRY_ON_THE_DART_TO_CELEBRATE_THE_NEW_CHINESE_YEAR%29-111425_%2824150640974%29.jpg/180px-YEAR_OF_THE_MONKEY_IN_DUBLIN_%28CHINESE_POETRY_ON_THE_DART_TO_CELEBRATE_THE_NEW_CHINESE_YEAR%29-111425_%2824150640974%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/YEAR_OF_THE_MONKEY_IN_DUBLIN_%28CHINESE_POETRY_ON_THE_DART_TO_CELEBRATE_THE_NEW_CHINESE_YEAR%29-111425_%2824150640974%29.jpg/240px-YEAR_OF_THE_MONKEY_IN_DUBLIN_%28CHINESE_POETRY_ON_THE_DART_TO_CELEBRATE_THE_NEW_CHINESE_YEAR%29-111425_%2824150640974%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5373" data-file-height="4791" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 16</span></span><a href="/wiki/Guzheng" title="Guzheng">Guzheng</a>, a type of Chinese instrument. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E9%BE%99.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 17Relief of a dragon in Fuxi Temple (Tianshui). (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 17Relief of a dragon in Fuxi Temple (Tianshui). (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E9%BE%99.jpg/120px-%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E9%BE%99.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E9%BE%99.jpg/180px-%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E9%BE%99.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E9%BE%99.jpg/240px-%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E9%BE%99.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 17</span></span>Relief of a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_dragon" title="Chinese dragon">dragon</a> in Fuxi Temple (Tianshui). (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Han_Expansion.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 18Map showing the expansion of Han dynasty in the 2nd century BC (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 18Map showing the expansion of Han dynasty in the 2nd century BC (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Han_Expansion.png/120px-Han_Expansion.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Han_Expansion.png/180px-Han_Expansion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Han_Expansion.png/240px-Han_Expansion.png 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="902" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 18</span></span>Map showing the expansion of Han dynasty in the 2nd century BC (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 19The flag of the People's Republic of China since 1949. (from History of China)"><img alt="Blue Sky White Sun Wholly Red Earth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 19</span></span>The flag of the People's Republic of China since 1949. (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PLA_Enters_Peking.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 20The People's Liberation Army enters Beijing in the Pingjin Campaign (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 20The People's Liberation Army enters Beijing in the Pingjin Campaign (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/PLA_Enters_Peking.jpg/120px-PLA_Enters_Peking.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/PLA_Enters_Peking.jpg/180px-PLA_Enters_Peking.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/PLA_Enters_Peking.jpg/240px-PLA_Enters_Peking.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="613" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 20</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> enters Beijing in the <a href="/wiki/Pingjin_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Pingjin Campaign">Pingjin Campaign</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 21The Warring States, c. 260 BC (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 21The Warring States, c. 260 BC (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg/120px-EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg/180px-EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg/240px-EN-WarringStatesAll260BCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4724" data-file-height="4348" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 21</span></span>The Warring States, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 260<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_lanterns,_Spring_Festival,_Ditan_Park_Beijing.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 22Red lanterns are hung from the trees during the Chinese New Year celebrations in Ditan Park (Temple of Earth) in Beijing. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 22Red lanterns are hung from the trees during the Chinese New Year celebrations in Ditan Park (Temple of Earth) in Beijing. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Red_lanterns%2C_Spring_Festival%2C_Ditan_Park_Beijing.JPG/120px-Red_lanterns%2C_Spring_Festival%2C_Ditan_Park_Beijing.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Red_lanterns%2C_Spring_Festival%2C_Ditan_Park_Beijing.JPG/180px-Red_lanterns%2C_Spring_Festival%2C_Ditan_Park_Beijing.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Red_lanterns%2C_Spring_Festival%2C_Ditan_Park_Beijing.JPG/240px-Red_lanterns%2C_Spring_Festival%2C_Ditan_Park_Beijing.JPG 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 22</span></span>Red lanterns are hung from the trees during the Chinese New Year celebrations in Ditan Park (Temple of Earth) in Beijing. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhu-Ye-Qing-Tea-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 23Zhu-Ye-Qing-Tea (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 23Zhu-Ye-Qing-Tea (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Zhu-Ye-Qing-Tea-03.jpg/120px-Zhu-Ye-Qing-Tea-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Zhu-Ye-Qing-Tea-03.jpg/180px-Zhu-Ye-Qing-Tea-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Zhu-Ye-Qing-Tea-03.jpg/240px-Zhu-Ye-Qing-Tea-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4135" data-file-height="2757" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 23</span></span>Zhu-Ye-Qing-Tea (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lacquered_box_with_character_for_luck,_Qianlong_Period.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 24Box with the character for "Spring" (春), Qianlong period, Qing dynasty. Nanjing Museum (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 24Box with the character for "Spring" (春), Qianlong period, Qing dynasty. Nanjing Museum (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Lacquered_box_with_character_for_luck%2C_Qianlong_Period.JPG/120px-Lacquered_box_with_character_for_luck%2C_Qianlong_Period.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Lacquered_box_with_character_for_luck%2C_Qianlong_Period.JPG/180px-Lacquered_box_with_character_for_luck%2C_Qianlong_Period.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Lacquered_box_with_character_for_luck%2C_Qianlong_Period.JPG/240px-Lacquered_box_with_character_for_luck%2C_Qianlong_Period.JPG 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="358" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 24</span></span>Box with the character for "Spring" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">春</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/Qianlong" class="mw-redirect" title="Qianlong">Qianlong</a> period, <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Museum" title="Nanjing Museum">Nanjing Museum</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tea_caddy,_Chinese_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC00646.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 25Tea caddy, Chinese - Indianapolis Museum of Art (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 25Tea caddy, Chinese - Indianapolis Museum of Art (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Tea_caddy%2C_Chinese_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC00646.JPG/120px-Tea_caddy%2C_Chinese_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC00646.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Tea_caddy%2C_Chinese_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC00646.JPG/180px-Tea_caddy%2C_Chinese_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC00646.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Tea_caddy%2C_Chinese_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC00646.JPG/240px-Tea_caddy%2C_Chinese_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC00646.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 25</span></span>Tea caddy, Chinese - Indianapolis Museum of Art (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turquoise-Inlaid_Plaque_with_Stylized_Animal-Mask_Decoration,_1900-1350_BC,_Neolithic_to_Shang_period,_Erlitou_culture,_China,_bronze_with_turquoise_inlay_-_Sackler_Museum_-_DSC02627.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 26Decorative plaque from the Erlitou culture (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 26Decorative plaque from the Erlitou culture (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Turquoise-Inlaid_Plaque_with_Stylized_Animal-Mask_Decoration%2C_1900-1350_BC%2C_Neolithic_to_Shang_period%2C_Erlitou_culture%2C_China%2C_bronze_with_turquoise_inlay_-_Sackler_Museum_-_DSC02627.JPG/84px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Turquoise-Inlaid_Plaque_with_Stylized_Animal-Mask_Decoration%2C_1900-1350_BC%2C_Neolithic_to_Shang_period%2C_Erlitou_culture%2C_China%2C_bronze_with_turquoise_inlay_-_Sackler_Museum_-_DSC02627.JPG/126px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Turquoise-Inlaid_Plaque_with_Stylized_Animal-Mask_Decoration%2C_1900-1350_BC%2C_Neolithic_to_Shang_period%2C_Erlitou_culture%2C_China%2C_bronze_with_turquoise_inlay_-_Sackler_Museum_-_DSC02627.JPG/168px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2911" data-file-height="4160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 26</span></span>Decorative plaque from the <a href="/wiki/Erlitou_culture" title="Erlitou culture">Erlitou culture</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qing_Empire_circa_1820_EN.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 27A map of the Qing dynasty, c. 1820 (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 27A map of the Qing dynasty, c. 1820 (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Qing_Empire_circa_1820_EN.svg/120px-Qing_Empire_circa_1820_EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Qing_Empire_circa_1820_EN.svg/180px-Qing_Empire_circa_1820_EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Qing_Empire_circa_1820_EN.svg/240px-Qing_Empire_circa_1820_EN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="849" data-file-height="742" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 27</span></span>A map of the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1820 (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 28A scene of the Taiping Rebellion (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 28A scene of the Taiping Rebellion (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg/120px-Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg/180px-Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg/240px-Regaining_the_Provincial_Capital_of_Ruizhou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="877" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 28</span></span>A scene of the <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Taiping Rebellion</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Changsha_opera_performance.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 29Xiqu performance (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 29Xiqu performance (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Changsha_opera_performance.jpg/120px-Changsha_opera_performance.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Changsha_opera_performance.jpg/180px-Changsha_opera_performance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Changsha_opera_performance.jpg/240px-Changsha_opera_performance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 29</span></span><a href="/wiki/Chinese_opera" title="Chinese opera">Xiqu</a> performance (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wang_Xianzi_Imitation_by_Tang_Dynasty.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 30Chinese calligraphy written by the poet Wang Xizhi (王羲之) of the Jin dynasty (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 30Chinese calligraphy written by the poet Wang Xizhi (王羲之) of the Jin dynasty (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Wang_Xianzi_Imitation_by_Tang_Dynasty.JPG/120px-Wang_Xianzi_Imitation_by_Tang_Dynasty.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Wang_Xianzi_Imitation_by_Tang_Dynasty.JPG/180px-Wang_Xianzi_Imitation_by_Tang_Dynasty.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Wang_Xianzi_Imitation_by_Tang_Dynasty.JPG/240px-Wang_Xianzi_Imitation_by_Tang_Dynasty.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2264" data-file-height="1894" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 30</span></span><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">Chinese calligraphy</a> written by the poet <a href="/wiki/Wang_Xizhi" title="Wang Xizhi">Wang Xizhi</a> (王羲之) of the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(265%E2%80%93420)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin dynasty (265–420)">Jin dynasty</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Lan-ting_Xu%22_Preface_to_the_Poems_Composed_at_the_Orchid_Pavilion,_copy_by_an_artist_in_the_Tang_dynasty_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 31A Tang dynasty era copy of the preface to the Lantingji Xu poems composed at the Orchid Pavilion Gathering, originally attributed to Wang Xizhi (303–361 AD) of the Jin dynasty (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 31A Tang dynasty era copy of the preface to the Lantingji Xu poems composed at the Orchid Pavilion Gathering, originally attributed to Wang Xizhi (303–361 AD) of the Jin dynasty (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/%22Lan-ting_Xu%22_Preface_to_the_Poems_Composed_at_the_Orchid_Pavilion%2C_copy_by_an_artist_in_the_Tang_dynasty_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/120px-%22Lan-ting_Xu%22_Preface_to_the_Poems_Composed_at_the_Orchid_Pavilion%2C_copy_by_an_artist_in_the_Tang_dynasty_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/%22Lan-ting_Xu%22_Preface_to_the_Poems_Composed_at_the_Orchid_Pavilion%2C_copy_by_an_artist_in_the_Tang_dynasty_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/180px-%22Lan-ting_Xu%22_Preface_to_the_Poems_Composed_at_the_Orchid_Pavilion%2C_copy_by_an_artist_in_the_Tang_dynasty_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/%22Lan-ting_Xu%22_Preface_to_the_Poems_Composed_at_the_Orchid_Pavilion%2C_copy_by_an_artist_in_the_Tang_dynasty_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/240px-%22Lan-ting_Xu%22_Preface_to_the_Poems_Composed_at_the_Orchid_Pavilion%2C_copy_by_an_artist_in_the_Tang_dynasty_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4673" data-file-height="1560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 31</span></span>A Tang dynasty era copy of the preface to the <i><a href="/wiki/Lantingji_Xu" title="Lantingji Xu">Lantingji Xu</a></i> poems composed at the <a href="/wiki/Orchid_Pavilion_Gathering" title="Orchid Pavilion Gathering">Orchid Pavilion Gathering</a>, originally attributed to <a href="/wiki/Wang_Xizhi" title="Wang Xizhi">Wang Xizhi</a> (303–361 AD) of the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(265%E2%80%93420)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin dynasty (265–420)">Jin dynasty</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_10th_Anniversary_Parade_in_Beijing_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 32People's Republic of China 10th Anniversary Parade in Beijing (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 32People's Republic of China 10th Anniversary Parade in Beijing (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/China_10th_Anniversary_Parade_in_Beijing_01.jpg/120px-China_10th_Anniversary_Parade_in_Beijing_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/China_10th_Anniversary_Parade_in_Beijing_01.jpg/180px-China_10th_Anniversary_Parade_in_Beijing_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/China_10th_Anniversary_Parade_in_Beijing_01.jpg/240px-China_10th_Anniversary_Parade_in_Beijing_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 32</span></span>People's Republic of China 10th Anniversary Parade in Beijing (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tea_Pots,_Republic_of_China.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 33Tea Pots, Republic of China (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 33Tea Pots, Republic of China (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Tea_Pots%2C_Republic_of_China.jpg/120px-Tea_Pots%2C_Republic_of_China.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Tea_Pots%2C_Republic_of_China.jpg/180px-Tea_Pots%2C_Republic_of_China.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Tea_Pots%2C_Republic_of_China.jpg/240px-Tea_Pots%2C_Republic_of_China.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 33</span></span>Tea Pots, Republic of China (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_lacquerware_table.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 34Ming table in the Victoria and Albert Museum, 1425–1436 (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 34Ming table in the Victoria and Albert Museum, 1425–1436 (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Chinese_lacquerware_table.jpg/120px-Chinese_lacquerware_table.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Chinese_lacquerware_table.jpg/180px-Chinese_lacquerware_table.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Chinese_lacquerware_table.jpg/240px-Chinese_lacquerware_table.jpg 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="489" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 34</span></span><a href="/wiki/Chinese_lacquerware_table" title="Chinese lacquerware table">Ming table</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a>, 1425–1436 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanging_Monastery_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 35Hanging Monastery, a temple with the combination of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 35Hanging Monastery, a temple with the combination of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Hanging_Monastery_02.JPG/120px-Hanging_Monastery_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Hanging_Monastery_02.JPG/180px-Hanging_Monastery_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Hanging_Monastery_02.JPG/240px-Hanging_Monastery_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3488" data-file-height="2616" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 35</span></span><a href="/wiki/Hanging_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanging Monastery">Hanging Monastery</a>, a temple with the combination of <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_Register_Archives_of_the_Ming_Dynasty,_Nanjing_(flickr_1559896574).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 36A Moon gate in a Chinese garden (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 36A Moon gate in a Chinese garden (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Yellow_Register_Archives_of_the_Ming_Dynasty%2C_Nanjing_%28flickr_1559896574%29.jpg/120px-Yellow_Register_Archives_of_the_Ming_Dynasty%2C_Nanjing_%28flickr_1559896574%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Yellow_Register_Archives_of_the_Ming_Dynasty%2C_Nanjing_%28flickr_1559896574%29.jpg/180px-Yellow_Register_Archives_of_the_Ming_Dynasty%2C_Nanjing_%28flickr_1559896574%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Yellow_Register_Archives_of_the_Ming_Dynasty%2C_Nanjing_%28flickr_1559896574%29.jpg/240px-Yellow_Register_Archives_of_the_Ming_Dynasty%2C_Nanjing_%28flickr_1559896574%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 36</span></span>A <a href="/wiki/Moon_gate" title="Moon gate">Moon gate</a> in a Chinese garden (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Non_electric_fan_aka_solfjader.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 37A commercially produced scented wood folding fan, featuring a drawing of the Great Wall of China. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 37A commercially produced scented wood folding fan, featuring a drawing of the Great Wall of China. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Non_electric_fan_aka_solfjader.jpg/120px-Non_electric_fan_aka_solfjader.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Non_electric_fan_aka_solfjader.jpg/180px-Non_electric_fan_aka_solfjader.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Non_electric_fan_aka_solfjader.jpg/240px-Non_electric_fan_aka_solfjader.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="1520" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 37</span></span>A commercially produced scented wood folding fan, featuring a drawing of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China" title="Great Wall of China">Great Wall of China</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xinhai_Revolution_in_Shanghai.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 38Nanjing Road during Xinhai Revolution, 1911 (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 38Nanjing Road during Xinhai Revolution, 1911 (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Xinhai_Revolution_in_Shanghai.jpg/120px-Xinhai_Revolution_in_Shanghai.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Xinhai_Revolution_in_Shanghai.jpg/180px-Xinhai_Revolution_in_Shanghai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Xinhai_Revolution_in_Shanghai.jpg/240px-Xinhai_Revolution_in_Shanghai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 38</span></span><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Road" title="Nanjing Road">Nanjing Road</a> during <a href="/wiki/Xinhai_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhai Revolution">Xinhai Revolution</a>, 1911 (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laoshan_green_tea.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 39Laoshan green tea (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 39Laoshan green tea (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Laoshan_green_tea.jpg/120px-Laoshan_green_tea.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Laoshan_green_tea.jpg/180px-Laoshan_green_tea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Laoshan_green_tea.jpg/240px-Laoshan_green_tea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 39</span></span>Laoshan green tea (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_sinitic_languages_cropped-en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 40Range of Chinese dialect groups according to the Language Atlas of China. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 40Range of Chinese dialect groups according to the Language Atlas of China. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Map_of_sinitic_languages_cropped-en.svg/79px-Map_of_sinitic_languages_cropped-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Map_of_sinitic_languages_cropped-en.svg/119px-Map_of_sinitic_languages_cropped-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Map_of_sinitic_languages_cropped-en.svg/159px-Map_of_sinitic_languages_cropped-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="620" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 40</span></span>Range of Chinese dialect groups according to the <i>Language Atlas of China</i>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ming_Tomb_Entrance_detail1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 41Gilin with the head and scaly body of a dragon, tail of a lion and cloven hoofs like a deer. Its body enveloped in sacred flames. Detail from Entrance of General Zu Dashou Tomb (Ming Tomb). (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 41Gilin with the head and scaly body of a dragon, tail of a lion and cloven hoofs like a deer. Its body enveloped in sacred flames. Detail from Entrance of General Zu Dashou Tomb (Ming Tomb). (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ming_Tomb_Entrance_detail1.jpg/120px-Ming_Tomb_Entrance_detail1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ming_Tomb_Entrance_detail1.jpg/180px-Ming_Tomb_Entrance_detail1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ming_Tomb_Entrance_detail1.jpg/240px-Ming_Tomb_Entrance_detail1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 41</span></span>Gilin with the head and scaly body of a dragon, tail of a lion and cloven hoofs like a deer. Its body enveloped in sacred flames. Detail from Entrance of General Zu Dashou Tomb (Ming Tomb). (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_tea.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 42A traditional Chinese tea culture (茶艺,茶藝) set and three gaiwan. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 42A traditional Chinese tea culture (茶艺,茶藝) set and three gaiwan. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/China_tea.jpg/120px-China_tea.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/China_tea.jpg/180px-China_tea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/China_tea.jpg/240px-China_tea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="194" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 42</span></span>A traditional <a href="/wiki/Chinese_tea_culture" title="Chinese tea culture">Chinese tea culture</a> (茶艺,茶藝) set and three <a href="/wiki/Gaiwan" title="Gaiwan">gaiwan</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Birth_Places_of_Chinese_Philosophers.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 43Birthplaces of notable Chinese philosophers of the Hundred Schools of Thoughts in the Zhou dynasty. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 43Birthplaces of notable Chinese philosophers of the Hundred Schools of Thoughts in the Zhou dynasty. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Birth_Places_of_Chinese_Philosophers.png/120px-Birth_Places_of_Chinese_Philosophers.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Birth_Places_of_Chinese_Philosophers.png/180px-Birth_Places_of_Chinese_Philosophers.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Birth_Places_of_Chinese_Philosophers.png/240px-Birth_Places_of_Chinese_Philosophers.png 2x" data-file-width="1585" data-file-height="1125" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 43</span></span>Birthplaces of notable Chinese philosophers of the Hundred Schools of Thoughts in the Zhou dynasty. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gu%C3%A8rra_Civila_Chinesa_(1946-1950).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 44Map of the Chinese Civil War (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 44Map of the Chinese Civil War (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gu%C3%A8rra_Civila_Chinesa_%281946-1950%29.png/120px-Gu%C3%A8rra_Civila_Chinesa_%281946-1950%29.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gu%C3%A8rra_Civila_Chinesa_%281946-1950%29.png/180px-Gu%C3%A8rra_Civila_Chinesa_%281946-1950%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gu%C3%A8rra_Civila_Chinesa_%281946-1950%29.png/240px-Gu%C3%A8rra_Civila_Chinesa_%281946-1950%29.png 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="429" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 44</span></span>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Tea_(2511287770).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 45Chinese tea (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 45Chinese tea (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/China_Tea_%282511287770%29.jpg/120px-China_Tea_%282511287770%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/China_Tea_%282511287770%29.jpg/180px-China_Tea_%282511287770%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/China_Tea_%282511287770%29.jpg/240px-China_Tea_%282511287770%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1186" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 45</span></span>Chinese tea (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ming_Dynasty_wood_carving_books_in_Tian_Yi_Chamber_colllection.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 46Ming dynasty wood carving books in the Tian Yi Chamber collection (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 46Ming dynasty wood carving books in the Tian Yi Chamber collection (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ming_Dynasty_wood_carving_books_in_Tian_Yi_Chamber_colllection.JPG/120px-Ming_Dynasty_wood_carving_books_in_Tian_Yi_Chamber_colllection.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ming_Dynasty_wood_carving_books_in_Tian_Yi_Chamber_colllection.JPG/180px-Ming_Dynasty_wood_carving_books_in_Tian_Yi_Chamber_colllection.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ming_Dynasty_wood_carving_books_in_Tian_Yi_Chamber_colllection.JPG/240px-Ming_Dynasty_wood_carving_books_in_Tian_Yi_Chamber_colllection.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 46</span></span>Ming dynasty wood carving books in the <a href="/wiki/Tian_Yi_Chamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Tian Yi Chamber">Tian Yi Chamber</a> collection (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bianlian.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 47Bian Lian("Face-Changing") Performer (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 47Bian Lian("Face-Changing") Performer (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bianlian.JPG/120px-Bianlian.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bianlian.JPG/180px-Bianlian.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bianlian.JPG/240px-Bianlian.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2302" data-file-height="1644" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 47</span></span><a href="/wiki/Bian_Lian" class="mw-redirect" title="Bian Lian">Bian Lian</a>("Face-Changing") Performer (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jichang_Yuan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 48Jichang Garden in Wuxi (1506–1521), built during the Ming dynasty, is an exemplary work of South Chinese style garden. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 48Jichang Garden in Wuxi (1506–1521), built during the Ming dynasty, is an exemplary work of South Chinese style garden. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jichang_Yuan.jpg/80px-Jichang_Yuan.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jichang_Yuan.jpg/120px-Jichang_Yuan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jichang_Yuan.jpg/160px-Jichang_Yuan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 48</span></span><a href="/wiki/Jichang_Garden" title="Jichang Garden">Jichang Garden</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a> (1506–1521), built during the Ming dynasty, is an exemplary work of South Chinese style garden. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tea_leaves_steeping_in_a_zhong_%C4%8Daj_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 49Oolong tea leaves steeping in a gaiwan (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 49Oolong tea leaves steeping in a gaiwan (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tea_leaves_steeping_in_a_zhong_%C4%8Daj_05.jpg/90px-Tea_leaves_steeping_in_a_zhong_%C4%8Daj_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tea_leaves_steeping_in_a_zhong_%C4%8Daj_05.jpg/135px-Tea_leaves_steeping_in_a_zhong_%C4%8Daj_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tea_leaves_steeping_in_a_zhong_%C4%8Daj_05.jpg/180px-Tea_leaves_steeping_in_a_zhong_%C4%8Daj_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 49</span></span><a href="/wiki/Oolong_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Oolong tea">Oolong tea</a> leaves steeping in a <a href="/wiki/Gaiwan" title="Gaiwan">gaiwan</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E5%87%A4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 50Relief of a fenghuang in Fuxi Temple (Tianshui). They are mythological birds of East Asia that reign over all other birds. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 50Relief of a fenghuang in Fuxi Temple (Tianshui). They are mythological birds of East Asia that reign over all other birds. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E5%87%A4.jpg/120px-%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E5%87%A4.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E5%87%A4.jpg/180px-%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E5%87%A4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E5%87%A4.jpg/240px-%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2%E5%BA%99%E4%B9%8B%E5%87%A4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 50</span></span>Relief of a <a href="/wiki/Fenghuang" title="Fenghuang">fenghuang</a> in Fuxi Temple (Tianshui). They are mythological birds of East Asia that reign over all other birds. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beijingreddoorpic2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 51A traditional red Chinese door with Imperial guardian lion knocker (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 51A traditional red Chinese door with Imperial guardian lion knocker (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Beijingreddoorpic2.jpg/120px-Beijingreddoorpic2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Beijingreddoorpic2.jpg/180px-Beijingreddoorpic2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Beijingreddoorpic2.jpg/240px-Beijingreddoorpic2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 51</span></span>A traditional red Chinese door with <a href="/wiki/Imperial_guardian_lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial guardian lion">Imperial guardian lion</a> knocker (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hofmobiliendepot_-_Chinesischer_Paravent.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 52Chinese folding screen used at the Austrian imperial court, 18th century, the Imperial Furniture Collection (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 52Chinese folding screen used at the Austrian imperial court, 18th century, the Imperial Furniture Collection (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Hofmobiliendepot_-_Chinesischer_Paravent.jpg/120px-Hofmobiliendepot_-_Chinesischer_Paravent.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Hofmobiliendepot_-_Chinesischer_Paravent.jpg/180px-Hofmobiliendepot_-_Chinesischer_Paravent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Hofmobiliendepot_-_Chinesischer_Paravent.jpg/240px-Hofmobiliendepot_-_Chinesischer_Paravent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4364" data-file-height="3388" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 52</span></span>Chinese folding screen used at the Austrian imperial court, 18th century, the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Furniture_Collection" title="Imperial Furniture Collection">Imperial Furniture Collection</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beijing_students_protesting_the_Treaty_of_Versailles_(May_4,_1919).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 53Beijing college students rallied during the May Fourth Movement, dissatisfied with Article 156 of the Treaty of Versailles for China (Shandong Problem). (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 53Beijing college students rallied during the May Fourth Movement, dissatisfied with Article 156 of the Treaty of Versailles for China (Shandong Problem). (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Beijing_students_protesting_the_Treaty_of_Versailles_%28May_4%2C_1919%29.jpg/120px-Beijing_students_protesting_the_Treaty_of_Versailles_%28May_4%2C_1919%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Beijing_students_protesting_the_Treaty_of_Versailles_%28May_4%2C_1919%29.jpg/180px-Beijing_students_protesting_the_Treaty_of_Versailles_%28May_4%2C_1919%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Beijing_students_protesting_the_Treaty_of_Versailles_%28May_4%2C_1919%29.jpg/240px-Beijing_students_protesting_the_Treaty_of_Versailles_%28May_4%2C_1919%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 53</span></span>Beijing college students rallied during the <a href="/wiki/May_Fourth_Movement" title="May Fourth Movement">May Fourth Movement</a>, dissatisfied with Article 156 of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> for China (<a href="/wiki/Shandong_Problem" title="Shandong Problem">Shandong Problem</a>). (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931928).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 54Flag of the Republic of China from 1912 to 1928 (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 54Flag of the Republic of China from 1912 to 1928 (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 54</span></span>Flag of the Republic of China from 1912 to 1928 (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bi_with_two_dragons_and_grain_pattern.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 55A Chinese jade named Bi(璧) with a dual dragon motif, Warring States period (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 55A Chinese jade named Bi(璧) with a dual dragon motif, Warring States period (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bi_with_two_dragons_and_grain_pattern.jpg/120px-Bi_with_two_dragons_and_grain_pattern.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bi_with_two_dragons_and_grain_pattern.jpg/180px-Bi_with_two_dragons_and_grain_pattern.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bi_with_two_dragons_and_grain_pattern.jpg/240px-Bi_with_two_dragons_and_grain_pattern.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 55</span></span>A Chinese jade named <a href="/wiki/Bi_(jade)" title="Bi (jade)">Bi</a>(璧) with a dual dragon motif, <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VegetableSpringRolls.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 56Spring rolls are a large variety of filled, rolled appetizers or dim sum found in Chinese cuisine. Spring rolls are the main dishes in Chinese Spring Festival (Chinese New Year). (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 56Spring rolls are a large variety of filled, rolled appetizers or dim sum found in Chinese cuisine. Spring rolls are the main dishes in Chinese Spring Festival (Chinese New Year). (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/VegetableSpringRolls.JPG/120px-VegetableSpringRolls.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/VegetableSpringRolls.JPG/180px-VegetableSpringRolls.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/VegetableSpringRolls.JPG/240px-VegetableSpringRolls.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 56</span></span><a href="/wiki/Spring_rolls" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring rolls">Spring rolls</a> are a large variety of filled, rolled appetizers or dim sum found in Chinese cuisine. <a href="/wiki/Spring_rolls" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring rolls">Spring rolls</a> are the main dishes in Chinese Spring Festival (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a>). (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%BF%A0%E7%B8%A3%E4%B8%81%E6%88%BF%E9%9B%99%E9%97%9502.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 57Que pillar gates of Chongqing that once belonged to a temple dedicated to the Warring States period general Ba Manzi (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 57Que pillar gates of Chongqing that once belonged to a temple dedicated to the Warring States period general Ba Manzi (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/%E5%BF%A0%E7%B8%A3%E4%B8%81%E6%88%BF%E9%9B%99%E9%97%9502.jpg/120px-%E5%BF%A0%E7%B8%A3%E4%B8%81%E6%88%BF%E9%9B%99%E9%97%9502.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/%E5%BF%A0%E7%B8%A3%E4%B8%81%E6%88%BF%E9%9B%99%E9%97%9502.jpg/180px-%E5%BF%A0%E7%B8%A3%E4%B8%81%E6%88%BF%E9%9B%99%E9%97%9502.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/%E5%BF%A0%E7%B8%A3%E4%B8%81%E6%88%BF%E9%9B%99%E9%97%9502.jpg/240px-%E5%BF%A0%E7%B8%A3%E4%B8%81%E6%88%BF%E9%9B%99%E9%97%9502.jpg 2x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 57</span></span><a href="/wiki/Que_(tower)" title="Que (tower)">Que pillar gates</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a> that once belonged to a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese temple">temple</a> dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a> general <a href="/wiki/Ba_Manzi" title="Ba Manzi">Ba Manzi</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_-_Hair_Ornament_-_Walters_8614.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 58Hair Ornament, China, c. 19th century (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 58Hair Ornament, China, c. 19th century (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Chinese_-_Hair_Ornament_-_Walters_8614.jpg/120px-Chinese_-_Hair_Ornament_-_Walters_8614.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Chinese_-_Hair_Ornament_-_Walters_8614.jpg/180px-Chinese_-_Hair_Ornament_-_Walters_8614.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Chinese_-_Hair_Ornament_-_Walters_8614.jpg/240px-Chinese_-_Hair_Ornament_-_Walters_8614.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1799" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 58</span></span>Hair Ornament, China, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 19th century</span> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_hall_and_tea_house_in_Dunedin_Chinese_Garden.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 59Main hall and tea house in Dunedin Chinese Garden (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 59Main hall and tea house in Dunedin Chinese Garden (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Main_hall_and_tea_house_in_Dunedin_Chinese_Garden.jpg/120px-Main_hall_and_tea_house_in_Dunedin_Chinese_Garden.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Main_hall_and_tea_house_in_Dunedin_Chinese_Garden.jpg/180px-Main_hall_and_tea_house_in_Dunedin_Chinese_Garden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Main_hall_and_tea_house_in_Dunedin_Chinese_Garden.jpg/240px-Main_hall_and_tea_house_in_Dunedin_Chinese_Garden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 59</span></span>Main hall and tea house in Dunedin Chinese Garden (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HouMuWuDingFullView.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 60The 12th-century BCHoumuwu ding, the largest Bronze Age bronzeware found anywhere in the world (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 60The 12th-century BCHoumuwu ding, the largest Bronze Age bronzeware found anywhere in the world (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/HouMuWuDingFullView.jpg/92px-HouMuWuDingFullView.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/HouMuWuDingFullView.jpg/138px-HouMuWuDingFullView.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/HouMuWuDingFullView.jpg/184px-HouMuWuDingFullView.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3380" data-file-height="4400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 60</span></span>The 12th-century BC<a href="/wiki/Houmuwu_ding" title="Houmuwu ding">Houmuwu ding</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> bronzeware found anywhere in the world (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1903_emperors-2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 61 Rulers of the world at the beginning of the 20th century (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 61 Rulers of the world at the beginning of the 20th century (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/1903_emperors-2.JPG/120px-1903_emperors-2.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/1903_emperors-2.JPG/180px-1903_emperors-2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/1903_emperors-2.JPG/240px-1903_emperors-2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2170" data-file-height="1658" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 61</span></span><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Rulers of the world at the beginning of the 20th century</div> (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_New_Year_Lion_Dance.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 62Lion dance (舞狮) (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 62Lion dance (舞狮) (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Chinese_New_Year_Lion_Dance.jpg/106px-Chinese_New_Year_Lion_Dance.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Chinese_New_Year_Lion_Dance.jpg/160px-Chinese_New_Year_Lion_Dance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Chinese_New_Year_Lion_Dance.jpg/213px-Chinese_New_Year_Lion_Dance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1419" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 62</span></span><a href="/wiki/Lion_dance" title="Lion dance">Lion dance</a> (舞狮) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%AB%A0%E6%87%B7%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90%E5%A2%93%E5%A3%81%E7%95%AB%E7%A6%AE%E8%B3%93%E5%9C%96a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 63Tang dynasty mural from Li Xian's tomb in Qianling showing Han nobility clothing of the era. (from Chinese culture)"><img alt="Image 63Tang dynasty mural from Li Xian's tomb in Qianling showing Han nobility clothing of the era. (from Chinese culture)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/%E7%AB%A0%E6%87%B7%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90%E5%A2%93%E5%A3%81%E7%95%AB%E7%A6%AE%E8%B3%93%E5%9C%96a.jpg/83px-%E7%AB%A0%E6%87%B7%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90%E5%A2%93%E5%A3%81%E7%95%AB%E7%A6%AE%E8%B3%93%E5%9C%96a.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/%E7%AB%A0%E6%87%B7%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90%E5%A2%93%E5%A3%81%E7%95%AB%E7%A6%AE%E8%B3%93%E5%9C%96a.jpg/125px-%E7%AB%A0%E6%87%B7%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90%E5%A2%93%E5%A3%81%E7%95%AB%E7%A6%AE%E8%B3%93%E5%9C%96a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/%E7%AB%A0%E6%87%B7%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90%E5%A2%93%E5%A3%81%E7%95%AB%E7%A6%AE%E8%B3%93%E5%9C%96a.jpg/166px-%E7%AB%A0%E6%87%B7%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90%E5%A2%93%E5%A3%81%E7%95%AB%E7%A6%AE%E8%B3%93%E5%9C%96a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="696" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 63</span></span>Tang dynasty mural from <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhongzong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Zhongzong of Tang">Li Xian</a>'s tomb in <a href="/wiki/Qianling_Mausoleum" title="Qianling Mausoleum">Qianling</a> showing Han nobility clothing of the era. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MongolMap.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 64Mongol successor khanates (from History of China)"><img alt="Image 64Mongol successor khanates (from History of China)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/MongolMap.jpg/120px-MongolMap.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/MongolMap.jpg/180px-MongolMap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/MongolMap.jpg/240px-MongolMap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1132" data-file-height="609" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 64</span></span>Mongol successor khanates (from <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History of China</a></b>)</div> </li> </ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both; width:100%"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FTopics&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Topics" 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:China_topics" title="Template:China topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:China_topics" title="Template talk:China topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:China_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:China topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="China_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_China" title="Outline of China">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Chinese_history" title="Timeline of Chinese history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_historiography" title="Chinese historiography">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_China" title="Military history of China">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Chinese_language" title="History of the Chinese language">Language</a></li> <li>Economic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_before_1912" title="Economic history of China before 1912">before 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Economic history of China (1912–1949)">1912–1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_(1949%E2%80%93present)" title="Economic history of China (1949–present)">1949–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Chinese_history" title="Ethnic groups in Chinese history">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_foreign_relations_of_China" title="History of foreign relations of China">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynasties_of_China" title="Dynasties of China">Dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_monarchs" title="List of Chinese monarchs">Monarchs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_China" title="Prehistory of China">Prehistoric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Paleolithic_sites_in_China" title="List of Paleolithic sites in China">Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Neolithic_cultures_of_China" title="List of Neolithic cultures of China">Neolithic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_civilization" title="Yellow River civilization">Yellow River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_civilization" title="Yangtze civilization">Yangtze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_civilization" title="Liao civilization">Liao</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Ancient_China" title="History of China">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xia_dynasty" title="Xia dynasty">Xia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Shang" title="Late Shang">Late</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Zhou" title="Western Zhou">Western Zhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Imperial_China" title="History of China">Imperial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Wu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin dynasty (266–420)">Jin (266–420)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_dynasties" title="Northern and Southern dynasties">Northern and Southern dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin (1115–1234)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Qing_era" title="High Qing era">High Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century_of_humiliation" title="Century of humiliation">Century of humiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Taiping Rebellion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Modern_China" title="History of China">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">1911 Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="History of the People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">Tiananmen Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" title="Chinese economic reform">Economic reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">persecution of Uyghurs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_China" title="Geography of China">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_China" title="Borders of China">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_China" title="List of extreme points of China">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_China" title="Geology of China">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_disasters_in_China" title="Natural disasters in China">Natural disasters</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_China" title="List of regions of China">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_China" title="East China">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China" title="North China">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Central_China" title="South Central China">South Central</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_China" title="Central China">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China" title="South China">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_China" title="Western China">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_China" title="Northwestern China">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_China" title="Southwestern China">Southwestern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Terrain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bays_of_China" title="Category:Bays of China">Bays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canyons_and_gorges_of_China" title="Category:Canyons and gorges of China">Canyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Caves_of_China" title="Category:Caves of China">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deserts_of_China" title="Category:Deserts of China">Deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grasslands_of_China" title="Category:Grasslands of China">Grasslands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hills_of_China" title="Category:Hills of China">Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_China" title="List of islands of China">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_China" title="Category:Mountains of China">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_China" title="Category:Mountain ranges of China">ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_passes_of_China" title="Category:Mountain passes of China">passes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peninsulas_of_China" title="Category:Peninsulas of China">Peninsulas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China_Plain" title="Northeast China Plain">Northeast</a> / <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North</a> / <a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan" title="Zhongyuan">Central Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Valleys_of_China" title="Category:Valleys of China">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_China" title="List of volcanoes in China">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Water</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canals_in_China" title="Category:Canals in China">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_China" title="List of lakes of China">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_China" title="List of rivers of China">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Waterfalls_of_China" title="Category:Waterfalls of China">Waterfalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wetlands_of_China" title="Category:Wetlands of China">Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_of_China" title="Water resources of China">Water resources</a></li> <li>Seas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_China" title="Environment of China">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_China" title="Climate change in China">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_policy_of_China" title="Climate policy of China">Climate policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_China" title="Environmental issues in China">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_in_China" title="Environmental policy in China">Environmental policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_China" title="List of protected areas of China">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_China" title="List of national parks of China">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nature_reserves_in_China" title="Category:Nature reserves in China">Nature reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UNESCO_Biosphere_Reserves_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in China">UNESCO Biosphere Reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_China" title="Wildlife of China">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of China">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China" title="Flora of China">Flora</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China" title="Administrative divisions of China">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baselines_of_the_Chinese_territorial_sea" title="Baselines of the Chinese territorial sea">Baseline islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Border_crossings_of_China" title="Category:Border crossings of China">Border crossings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China" title="Administrative divisions of China">Province-level subdivisions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_China" title="Politics of China">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Law" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Law of the People's Republic of China">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_China" title="Judicial system of China">Judicial system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in China">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Tibet" title="Human rights in Tibet">in Tibet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_China" title="Law enforcement in China">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penal_system_in_China" title="Penal system in China">Penal system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_laws_in_China" title="Naming laws in China">Naming laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationality law of China">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_China" title="Terrorism in China">Terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_service_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Civil service of the People's Republic of China">Civil service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_China" title="Constitution of China">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_China" title="Democracy in China">Democracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_democracy_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese democracy movement">Pro-democratisation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_China" title="Elections in China">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_in_China" title="Environmental policy in China">Environmental policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Foreign relations of China">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_security_of_China" title="National security of China">National security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_China" title="List of political parties in China">Political parties and movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_front_(China)" title="United front (China)">United front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Political Consultative Conference</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Socialism with Chinese characteristics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_stage_of_socialism" title="Primary stage of socialism">Primary stage of socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_China" title="Vice President of China">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_China" title="Vice Premier of China">Vice Premier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of China">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_military_history_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Outline of the military history of the People's Republic of China">Outline of military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (China)">Ministry of National Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Ground_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Ground Force">Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Rocket_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Rocket Force">Rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Strategic_Support_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force">Strategic Support</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Coast_Guard" title="China Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_(China)" title="Militia (China)">Militia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Militia" title="Maritime Militia">Maritime Militia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_China" title="Economy of China">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_China" title="Agriculture in China">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_China" title="Aquaculture in China">Aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_China" title="Banking in China">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_(1949%E2%80%93present)" title="Economic history of China (1949–present)">Economic history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" title="Chinese economic reform">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special economic zones</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-commerce_in_China" title="E-commerce in China">E-commerce</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Online_advertising_in_China" title="Online advertising in China">Online advertising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_China" title="Energy policy of China">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_China" title="Coal in China">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_China" title="Petroleum industry in China">Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_China" title="Renewable energy in China">Renewable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_China" title="Foreign aid to China">Foreign aid received</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_foreign_aid" title="Chinese foreign aid">Foreign aid program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_GDP_of_China" title="Historical GDP of China">Historical GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_China" title="Industry of China">Industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry_in_China" title="Chemical industry in China">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_mining_in_China" title="Gold mining in China">Gold mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_industry_in_China" title="Semiconductor industry in China">Semiconductors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_industry_in_China" title="Steel industry in China">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_China" title="Textile industry in China">Textiles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_China" title="Poverty in China">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_China" title="Standard of living in China">Standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_China" title="Taxation in China">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_China" title="Tourism in China">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_trade_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="History of trade of the People's Republic of China">Trade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture in China">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_China" title="Housing in China">Housing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_China" title="Telecommunications in China">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_China" title="Internet in China">Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_China" title="Water supply and sanitation in China">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_China" title="Transport in China">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_China" title="Automotive industry in China">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_aviation_in_China" title="Civil aviation in China">Civil aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_China" title="Rail transport in China">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_industry_of_China" title="Shipping industry of China">Shipping industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_space_program" title="Chinese space program">Space program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_China" title="Category:Society of China">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_China" title="Abortion in China">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_China" title="Censorship in China">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Dream" title="Chinese Dream">Chinese Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_China" title="Crime in China">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_China" title="Corruption in China">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_China" title="Prostitution in China">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_China" title="Sex trafficking in China">Sex trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_China" title="Education in China">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_China" title="Literacy in China">Literacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonious_Society" title="Harmonious Society">Harmonious Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_China" title="Health in China">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_in_China" title="Food safety in China">Food safety</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_incidents_in_China" title="Food safety incidents in China">incidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_China" title="HIV/AIDS in China">HIV/AIDS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_intellectualism" title="Chinese intellectualism">Intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Written_Chinese" title="Written Chinese">Written Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_China" title="Propaganda in China">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_China" title="Public holidays in China">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_society_in_China" title="Rural society in China">Rural society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_China" title="Science and technology in China">Science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_China" title="Technological and industrial history of China">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_China" title="Sexuality in China">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_issues_in_China" title="Social issues in China">Social issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy_in_China" title="Patriarchy in China">Patriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_China" title="Racism in China">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_discrimination_in_China" title="Regional discrimination in China">Regional discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_China" title="Suicide in China">Suicide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_social_relations" title="Chinese social relations">Social relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_structure_of_China" title="Social structure of China">Structure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_China" title="Time in China">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_society_in_China" title="Urban society in China">Urban society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_China" title="Welfare in China">Welfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of China">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_China" title="Archaeology of China">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archives_in_China" title="Archives in China">Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_art" title="Chinese art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_China" title="Cinema of China">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_China" title="Dance in China">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libraries_in_China" title="Libraries in China">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_literature" title="Chinese literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_martial_arts" title="Chinese martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_China" title="Mass media in China">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_China" title="Music of China">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_China" title="Names of China">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_philosophy" title="Chinese philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_China" title="Smoking in China">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_China" title="Sport in China">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_tea_culture" title="Chinese tea culture">Tea culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_variety_art" title="Chinese variety art">Variety art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_Historical_and_Cultural_Site_Protected_at_the_National_Level" class="mw-redirect" title="Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level">Major Historical and Cultural Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_China" title="List of World Heritage Sites in China">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Fours_of_China" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Fours of China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Treasures_of_the_Study" title="Four Treasures of the Study">Four Treasures of the Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Great_Inventions" title="Four Great Inventions">Four Great Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Gentlemen" title="Four Gentlemen">Four Gentlemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowers_of_the_Four_Seasons" title="Flowers of the Four Seasons">Flowers of the Four Seasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Beauties" title="Four Beauties">Four Beauties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Chinese_Novels" title="Classic Chinese Novels">Four Classic Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_arts" title="Four arts">Four arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Symbols" title="Four Symbols">Four Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Beasts" title="Four Holy Beasts">Four Holy Beasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Pillars_of_Destiny" title="Four Pillars of Destiny">Four Pillars of Destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Paragons_of_the_Early_Tang" title="Four Paragons of the Early Tang">Four Paragons of the Early Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Masters_of_the_Ming_dynasty" title="Four Masters of the Ming dynasty">Four Masters of the Ming dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Masters_of_the_Yuan_dynasty" title="Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty">Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Wangs" title="Four Wangs">Four Wangs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four" title="Gang of Four">Gang of Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Olds" title="Four Olds">Four Olds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Pests_campaign" title="Four Pests campaign">Four Pests campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_China" title="Demographics of China">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_emigration" title="Chinese emigration">Emigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunuchs_in_China" title="Eunuchs in China">Eunuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_in_China" title="Migration in China">Internal migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_China" title="Languages of China">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_history_of_China" title="Population history of China">Population history</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Post-80s" title="Post-80s">Post-80s</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Post-90s" title="Post-90s">Post-90s</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanization_in_China" title="Urbanization in China">Urbanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_China" title="Women in China">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_China" title="Buddhism in China">Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Chinese Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_China" title="Christianity in China">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_China" title="Catholic Church in China">Catholic Church in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_China" title="Protestantism in China">Protestantism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion_in_China" title="History of religion in China">History of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_China" title="Irreligion in China">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_China" title="National symbols of China">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Volunteers" title="March of the Volunteers">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Emblem_of_China" title="National Emblem of China">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_China" title="Flag of China">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_China" title="Outline of China">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_China" title="Outline of China">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:China" title="Category:China">Category</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid 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href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=China%2FNews&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="In_the_news" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">In the news</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <dl><dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">28 November 2024 –</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption_campaign_under_Xi_Jinping" title="Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping">Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping</a></b></dt> <dd>The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> suspends the Director of the <a href="/wiki/Political_Work_Department_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission">Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission</a> Admiral <a href="/wiki/Miao_Hua" title="Miao Hua">Miao Hua</a> from his post following a corruption investigation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/east-asia/china-top-military-official-miao-hua-suspended-investigation-4775906">(CNA)</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">24 November 2024 –</span> <b><a href="/wiki/2024_WBSC_Premier12" title="2024 WBSC Premier12">2024 WBSC Premier12</a></b></dt> <dd>In <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei_national_baseball_team" title="Chinese Taipei national baseball team">Chinese Taipei</a> defeated <a href="/wiki/Japanese_national_baseball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese national baseball team">Japan</a> 4-0 in the finals of the WBSC Premier 12, winning the first title of the top three international baseball tournaments in its history. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/focus/breakingnews/4873995">(Taipei Times)</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">20 November 2024 –</span> <b><a href="/wiki/2024_Baltic_Sea_submarine_cable_disruptions" title="2024 Baltic Sea submarine cable disruptions">2024 Baltic Sea submarine cable disruptions</a></b></dt> <dd>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Navy" title="Royal Danish Navy">Royal Danish Navy</a> boards the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/Cargo_ship" title="Cargo ship">cargo ship</a> <i>Yi Peng 3</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> after the ship is suspected to be involved in the <a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">sabotage</a> of the submarine cables. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eadaily.com/en/news/2024/11/20/the-danish-navy-boarded-a-chinese-cargo-ship-who-broke-the-cables-at-the-bottom-of-the-baltic-sea">(EurAsia Daily)</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">16 November 2024 –</span> <b><a href="/wiki/APEC_Peru_2024" title="APEC Peru 2024">APEC Peru 2024</a></b></dt> <dd>At the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation</a> summit in <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, outgoing <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> meets with <a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">Chinese President</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> for their final meeting before Biden leaves office on January 20th. During the meeting, Biden and Xi talk about topics like <a href="/wiki/Cyber_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber crime">cyber crime</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">trade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. Xi also said that his team will work with the incoming <a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/biden-xi-set-tense-final-meeting-peru-trump-era-looms-2024-11-16/">(Reuters)</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">16 November 2024 –</span> <b><a href="/wiki/2024_Wuxi_stabbing_attack" title="2024 Wuxi stabbing attack">2024 Wuxi stabbing attack</a></b></dt> <dd>Eight people are killed and 17 others are injured in a <a href="/wiki/Mass_stabbing" title="Mass stabbing">stabbing</a> <a href="/wiki/Spree_killer" title="Spree killer">spree</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wuxi_Vocational_Institute_of_Arts_and_Technology" title="Wuxi Vocational Institute of Arts and Technology">Wuxi Institute of Technology</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yixing" title="Yixing">Yixing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. The suspect, a 21-year-old student, is arrested. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/11/16/china/china-stabbing-yixing-campus-intl/index.html">(CNN)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/china/eight-killed-stabbing-incident-wuxi-china-2024-11-16/">(Reuters)</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">11 November 2024 –</span> <b><a href="/wiki/2024_Zhuhai_car_attack" title="2024 Zhuhai car attack">2024 Zhuhai car attack</a></b></dt> <dd>Thirty-five people are killed and 43 more injured during a <a href="/wiki/Vehicle-ramming_attack" title="Vehicle-ramming attack">vehicle-ramming attack</a> outside a stadium in <a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. The perpetrator is in a <a href="/wiki/Coma" title="Coma">coma</a> after suffering serious injuries. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwy1k2rx724o.amp">(BBC News)</a></dd></dl> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FQuality_content&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Recognized_content" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Recognized content</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256386598"> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:lightblue; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em">Extended content</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"> <div style="font-size:94%;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238436933"><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This is a list of recognized content, updated weekly by <a href="/wiki/User:JL-Bot_(RECOG)" class="mw-redirect" title="User:JL-Bot (RECOG)">JL-Bot</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:JL-Bot" title="User talk:JL-Bot">talk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/JL-Bot" title="Special:Contributions/JL-Bot">contribs</a>) (typically on Saturdays). 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See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RECOG" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RECOG">WP:RECOG</a> for configuration options.</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Featured_articles">Featured articles</h3></div> <div style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident" title="2001 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Han_dynasty" title="Government of the Han dynasty">Government of the Han dynasty</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hu_Zhengyan" title="Hu Zhengyan">Hu Zhengyan</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jin%E2%80%93Song_wars" title="Jin–Song wars">Jin–Song wars</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lactarius_indigo" title="Lactarius indigo">Lactarius indigo</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Li_Rui" title="Li Rui">Li Rui</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Luo_Yixiu" title="Luo Yixiu">Luo Yixiu</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Not_One_Less" title="Not One Less">Not One Less</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nothing_to_My_Name" title="Nothing to My Name">Nothing to My Name</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pallas%27s_leaf_warbler" title="Pallas's leaf warbler">Pallas's leaf warbler</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Peking_opera" title="Peking opera">Peking opera</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Phallus_indusiatus" title="Phallus indusiatus">Phallus indusiatus</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Red_panda" title="Red panda">Red panda</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rob-B-Hood" title="Rob-B-Hood">Rob-B-Hood</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Cathedral,_Qingdao" title="St. Michael's Cathedral, Qingdao">St. Michael's Cathedral, Qingdao</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Shen_Kuo" title="Shen Kuo">Shen Kuo</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Shigi_Qutuqu" title="Shigi Qutuqu">Shigi Qutuqu</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Shunzhi_Emperor" title="Shunzhi Emperor">Shunzhi Emperor</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sino-Roman_relations" title="Sino-Roman relations">Sino-Roman relations</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Addie_Viola_Smith" title="Addie Viola Smith">Addie Viola Smith</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="Society of the Song dynasty">Society of the Song dynasty</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_of_the_Song_dynasty" title="Science and technology of the Song dynasty">Science and technology of the Song dynasty</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ming%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" title="Ming–Tibet relations">Ming–Tibet relations</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">Tiger</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tintin_in_Tibet" title="Tintin in Tibet">Tintin in Tibet</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tolui" title="Tolui">Tolui</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Featured_article_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Featured article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/16px-Featured_article_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/24px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Featured_article_star.svg/32px-Featured_article_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/31px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Northern_Expedition" title="Northern Expedition">Northern Expedition</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Good article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/23px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/31px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sanz%C5%8D_Nosaka" title="Sanzō Nosaka">Sanzō Nosaka</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Good article"><img alt="" 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Battle of Seoul">Third Battle of Seoul</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Good article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/23px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/31px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sera_Monastery" title="Sera Monastery">Sera Monastery</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Good article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/16px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/23px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/31px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hulao" title="Battle of Hulao">Battle of Hulao</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_a_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/16px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Symbol_a_class.svg/23px-Symbol_a_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FThings_you_can_do&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Things_you_can_do" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Things you can do</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <table style="background:none;color:inherit;width:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/75px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/100px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span><br /><div style="width: 55px; height: 0px;"></div> </td> <td> <div style="position: relative; left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; z-index: 15;">Here are some tasks awaiting attention: <ul style="font-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0px 0.3em 25px;"> <li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles" title="Wikipedia:Requested articles">Article requests</a></i> :</b> visit <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_China/Requested_articles" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject China/Requested articles">WikiProject China/Requested articles</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment" title="Wikipedia:Content assessment">Assess</a></i> :</b> rate the <a href="/wiki/Category:Unassessed_China-related_articles" title="Category:Unassessed China-related articles">Unassessed China-related articles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Unknown-importance_China-related_articles" title="Category:Unknown-importance China-related articles">Unknown-importance China-related articles</a>, tag the talk pages of China-related articles with the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:WikiProject_China" title="Template:WikiProject China">WikiProject China</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> banner.</li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">Cleanup</a></i> :</b> Clean up grammar and verifications for <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>. A <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bambots.brucemyers.com/cwb/bycat/China.html">cleanup listing for this project</a> is available. See also <a href="/wiki/User:CleanupWorklistBot" title="User:CleanupWorklistBot">the tool's wiki page</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bambots.brucemyers.com/cwb/index.html">the index of WikiProjects</a>.</li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_copyediting" title="Wikipedia:Basic copyediting">Copyedit</a></i> :</b> visit <a href="/wiki/Category:China_articles_needing_attention" title="Category:China articles needing attention">China articles needing attention</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Deletion_sorting" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Deletion sorting">Deletion sorting</a></i> :</b> listed at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Deletion_sorting/China" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Deletion sorting/China">WikiProject Deletion sorting/China</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">Expand</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/China_National_Ethnic_Song_and_Dance_Ensemble" title="China National Ethnic Song and Dance Ensemble">China National Ethnic Song and Dance Ensemble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Min" title="Northern Min">Northern Min</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mobike" title="Mobike">Mobike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Support_Base_in_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese People's Liberation Army Support Base in Djibouti">Chinese People's Liberation Army Support Base in Djibouti</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infobox</a></i> :</b> visit <a href="/wiki/Category:China_articles_without_infoboxes" title="Category:China articles without infoboxes">China articles without infoboxes</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maintenance" title="Wikipedia:Maintenance">Maintain</a></i> :</b> visit <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_China/Article_alerts" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject China/Article alerts">WikiProject China/Article alerts</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Maps" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Maps">Map</a></i> :</b> visit <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requested_maps_in_China" title="Category:Wikipedia requested maps in China">Wikipedia requested maps in China</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">Merge</a></i> :</b> deciding whether to merge <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">Islam in China</a> with <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China_(1911%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in China (1911–present)">Islam in China (1911–present)</a>, an idea proposed in 2014</li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">Notability</a></i> :</b> visit <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Notability/Listing_by_project/Page_4#WikiProject_China" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Notability/Listing by project/Page 4">WikiProject Notability (WikiProject China listing)</a> and <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?sort=relevance&search=articletopic%3Aeast-asia+incategory%3A%22All+articles+with+topics+of+unclear+notability%22&title=Special:Search&ns0=1">East Asia articles of unclear notability</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan" title="Wikipedia:Orphan">Orphans</a></i> :</b> visit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:China_articles_without_a_workgroup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:China articles without a workgroup (page does not exist)">China articles without a workgroup</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_pictures" title="Wikipedia:Requested pictures">Photo</a></i> :</b> visit <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requested_photographs_in_China" title="Category:Wikipedia requested photographs in China">Wikipedia requested photographs in China</a></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a></i> :</b> maintain <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portal:China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portal:Taiwan" title="Portal:Taiwan">Portal:Republic of China</a> (shared task with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TAIWAN" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TAIWAN">WikiProject Taiwan</a>), fill in <a href="/wiki/Portal:China/Anniversaries" title="Portal:China/Anniversaries">Anniversaries</a>, update <a href="/wiki/Portal:China/Did_you_know" title="Portal:China/Did you know">Did you know?</a>, suggest <a href="/wiki/Portal:China/Selected_article_and_pictures" title="Portal:China/Selected article and pictures">Selected articles and pictures</a>, add <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Portal" title="Template:Portal">Portal</a>|China}}</code> to the See also section of China-related articles.</li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">Stubs</a></i> :</b> visit the <a href="/wiki/Category:China_stubs" title="Category:China stubs">China stubs</a> category</li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Translate</a></i> :</b> please visit the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_China/Translation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject China/Translation">Chinese translation department</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Intertranswiki/Chinese" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Intertranswiki/Chinese">the Chinese intertranswiki project</a> for more details.</li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verify</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Transformers:_Robots_in_Disguise_(2015_TV_series)" title="Transformers: Robots in Disguise (2015 TV series)"><i>Transformers: Robots in Disguise</i> (2015 TV series)</a> - see <a href="/wiki/Talk:Transformers:_Robots_in_Disguise_(2015_TV_series)#In_China_on_1905.com_from_Dec_31,_2014" title="Talk:Transformers: Robots in Disguise (2015 TV series)">Talk:Transformers: Robots in Disguise (2015 TV series)#In China on 1905.com from Dec 31, 2014</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Transformers/Archive_7#Transformers_in_(PR)_China" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Transformers/Archive 7">Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Transformers/Archive 7#Transformers in (PR) China</a></li> </ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FPolitics&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="China's_Politics" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="China.27s_Politics"></span>China's Politics</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="font-size:100%"> <div style="font-size:medium; color:#fff; text-align:center; background-color:#DE2910;" id="008"><b><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the People's Republic of China"><span style="color:#FFDE00">Politics of the People's Republic of China</span></a></b> <span style="float:right;font-size:85%"><span class="noprint plainlinks" title="Edit Portal:China/Politics"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:China/Politics&action=edit">edit</a></span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Danghui.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of the Communist Party of China"><img alt="Emblem of the Communist Party of China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/100px-Danghui.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/150px-Danghui.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/200px-Danghui.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>Emblem of the Communist Party of China</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xi_Jinping_(2024-05-16)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Xi Jinping"><img alt="Xi Jinping" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Xi_Jinping_%282024-05-16%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Xi_Jinping_%282024-05-16%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Xi_Jinping_%282024-05-16%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Xi_Jinping_%282024-05-16%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Xi_Jinping_%282024-05-16%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Xi_Jinping_%282024-05-16%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>Xi Jinping</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party</b>, officially <b><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Central Committee</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Communist Party of China</a></b>, is <a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">head</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> and the highest-<a href="/wiki/Orders_of_precedence_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of precedence in the People's Republic of China">ranking official</a> within <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">standing member</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo</a> and head of the <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party">Secretariat</a>. The officeholder is usually considered the <a href="/wiki/Paramount_leader" title="Paramount leader">paramount leader</a> of China. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party">Constitution</a>, the General Secretary serves as an <a href="/wiki/Ex_officio_member" title="Ex officio member">ex officio member</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo Standing Committee</a>, China's <i>de facto</i> top decision-making body. Since the early 1990s, the holder of the post has been, except for transitional periods, the <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman of the Central Military Commission</a>, making the holder the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a>. </p><p>The current General Secretary is <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> <i>(pictured)</i>, who took the office at the <a href="/wiki/18th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">18th National Congress</a> on 15 November 2012. </p> <div class="noprint" align="right"><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of China"><b>Read more</b></a></div> <div style="font-size:medium; color:#fff; text-align:center; background-color:#000096;" id="008"><b><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the Republic of China"><span style="color:#ffffff">Politics of the Republic of China</span></a></b> <span style="float:right;font-size:85%"><span class="noprint plainlinks" title="Edit Portal:China/Politics"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:China/Politics&action=edit">edit</a></span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="National Emblem of the Republic of China"><img alt="National Emblem of the Republic of China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/100px-National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/150px-National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/200px-National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>National Emblem of the Republic of China</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:Error mw:File"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=%E8%B3%B4%E6%B8%85%E5%BE%B7%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1.jpg" class="new" title="File:賴清德總統.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="100">Tsai Ing-wen</span></a><figcaption>Tsai Ing-wen</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>President of the Republic of China</b> is the head of state of the <b><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</a></b> (ROC). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Constitution of the Republic of China">Constitution</a> names the president as head of state and commander-in-chief of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of China Armed Forces">Republic of China Armed Forces</a> (formerly known as the <a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Army" title="National Revolutionary Army">National Revolutionary Army</a>). The president is responsible for conducting foreign relations, such as concluding treaties, declaring war, and making peace. The president must promulgate all laws and has no right to veto. Other powers of the president include granting amnesty, pardon or clemency, declaring martial law, and conferring honors and decorations. </p><p>The current President is <a href="/wiki/Lai_Ching-te" title="Lai Ching-te">Lai Ching-te</a> <i>(pictured)</i>, since May 20, 2024. Lai is a Taiwanese politician and former physician, who is currently serving as the eighth president of the Republic of China under the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Constitution of the Republic of China">1947 Constitution</a> and the third president from the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">Democratic Progressive Party</a> (DPP). </p> <div class="noprint" align="right"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China"><b>Read more</b></a></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FWikiProjects&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Related_WikiProjects" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Related WikiProjects</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <table class="toccolours"> <tbody><tr style="background:azure;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinaimg.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Chinaimg.png/85px-Chinaimg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Chinaimg.png/128px-Chinaimg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Chinaimg.png/170px-Chinaimg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">You are invited to participate in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_China" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject China">WikiProject China</a>, a WikiProject dedicated to developing and improving articles about <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. <p>~~~~</p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Parent projects</dt> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Asia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Asia">WikiProject Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_East_Asia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject East Asia">WikiProject East Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countries" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countries">WikiProject Countries</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.9em"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Community.png" class="mw-file-description" title="WikiProjects"><img alt="WikiProjects" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Community.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="32" /></a><figcaption>WikiProjects</figcaption></figure></div> <dl><dt>Main projects</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_China" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject China">WikiProject China</a></b></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Sub-projects and task forces</dt> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_China/Cartography" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject China/Cartography">Cartography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chinese_surnames" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chinese surnames">Chinese surnames</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Film/Chinese_cinema_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Film/Chinese cinema task force">Cinema</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Disambiguation/CJKV_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Disambiguation/CJKV task force">CJKV</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chinese-language_entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chinese-language entertainment">Entertainment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Go" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Go">Go (board game)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chinese_history" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chinese history">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Military_history/Chinese_military_history_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Military history/Chinese military history task force">Military history</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chinese_politics" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chinese politics">Politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Three_Kingdoms" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_China/Chinese_cities_workgroup" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject China/Chinese cities workgroup">Cities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_China/Pearl_River_Delta_workgroup" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject China/Pearl River Delta workgroup">Pearl River Delta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_China/Chinese_provinces_workgroup" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject China/Chinese provinces workgroup">Provinces</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Hong_Kong" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Macau" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Macau">Macau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Taiwan" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Tibet" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Tibet">Tibet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_China/Transportation_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject China/Transportation task force">Transportation</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Related projects</dt> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Buddhism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Christianity/Christianity_in_China_work_group" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Christianity/Christianity in China work group">Christianity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Martial_arts" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Martial arts">Martial arts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Taoism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Taoism">Taoism</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FLanguages&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Wikipedias_in_languages_found_in_China" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Wikipedias in languages found in China</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 2em;"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="zh-yue:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">粵語 / 广东话</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Cantonese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese language">Cantonese</a>)<span class="nowrap">     </span>•<span class="nowrap">     </span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="zh-classical:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">古文 / 文言文</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Classical_Chinese" title="Classical Chinese">Classical Chinese</a>)<span class="nowrap">     </span>•<span class="nowrap">     </span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="gan:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">赣语</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Gan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gan language">Gan</a>)<span class="nowrap">     </span>•<span class="nowrap">     </span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="hak:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">Hak-kâ-fa</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Hakka_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka language">Hakka</a>)<span class="nowrap">     </span>•<span class="nowrap">     </span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="kk:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">قازاق تىلى</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a>)<span class="nowrap">     </span>•<span class="nowrap">     </span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="zh:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">中文 / 普通话</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Standard_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Mandarin">Mandarin</a>) (Now unable to access in China Mainland because of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Firewall" title="Great Firewall">Great Firewall</a>)<span class="nowrap">     </span>•<span class="nowrap">     </span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="cdo:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">闽东语</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Min_Dong" class="mw-redirect" title="Min Dong">Min Dong</a>)<span class="nowrap">     </span>•<span class="nowrap">     </span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="zh-min-nan:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">闽南语</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Min_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Min language">Min-nan</a>)<span class="nowrap">     </span>•<span class="nowrap">     </span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="bo:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">བོད་ཡིག</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan">Tibetan</a>)<span class="nowrap">     </span>•<span class="nowrap">     </span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ug:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">ئۇيغۇرچە</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a>)<span class="nowrap">     </span>•<span class="nowrap">     </span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wuu:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">吴语</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Wu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu language">Wu</a>)<span class="nowrap">     </span>•<span class="nowrap">     </span></span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="za:"><span style="font-size: 120%;">Sawcuengh</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Zhuang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhuang language">Zhuang</a>)</span> </p> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"><b>Incubator</b></div> <table style="width:100%; border:0; background-color:transparent; padding:0; padding-top:1em;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr align="left"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/hsn" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/hsn"><small>wiki incubator Xiang (</small>湘语<small>)</small></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/cpx" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/cpx"><small>wiki incubator Pu-Xian Min (</small>莆仙话<small>)</small></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/mnp" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/mnp"><small>wiki incubator Min Bei (</small>闽北语<small>)</small></a> </td></tr> <tr align="left"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/lhu" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/lhu"><small>wiki incubator lahu (拉祜族,</small>拉祜语<small>)</small></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/ii" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/ii"><small>wiki incubator Nuosu (彝族,</small>彝语<small>)</small></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/hmn" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/hmn"><small>wiki incubator hmong (苗族,</small>苗语<small>)</small></a> </td></tr> <tr align="left"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/pcc" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/pcc"><small>wiki incubator Bouyei (布依族,</small>布依语<small>)</small></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/mnc" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/mnc"><small>wiki incubator manchu (满族,</small>满语<small>)</small></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/mmr" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/mmr"><small>wiki incubator Xong (苗族,</small>湘西苗语<small>)</small></a> </td></tr> <tr align="left"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/mww" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/mww"><small>wiki incubator Daw (苗族,</small>白苗苗语<small>)</small></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/sjo" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/sjo"><small>wiki incubator xibo (锡伯族,</small>锡伯语<small>)</small></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/slr" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/slr"><small>wiki incubator salar (撒拉族,</small>撒拉语<small>)</small></a> </td></tr> <tr align="left"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/kac" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/kac"><small>wiki incubator цзинпо (景颇族,</small>景颇语<small>)</small></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/tdd" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/tdd"><small>wiki incubator Tai Nüa (傣族,</small>德宏傣语<small>)</small></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/ami" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/ami"><small>wiki incubator Amis (阿美族,</small>阿美語<small>)</small></a> </td></tr> <tr align="left"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/ybe" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/ybe"><small>wiki incubator Western Yugur (裕固族,</small>西部裕固语<small>)</small></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/15px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/23px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/30px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/incubator:Wp/tji" class="extiw" title="m:incubator:Wp/tji"><small>wiki incubator northern tujia (土家族,</small>北部土家语<small>)</small></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#ffcc00;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:2px 2px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AChina%2FWikimedia&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Associated_Wikimedia" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Associated Wikimedia</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:2px solid black;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fefeef;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239335380">.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li span{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px 4px}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{text-align:center}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}}@media(min-width:360px){.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{width:33%;min-width:20em;white-space:nowrap;flex:1 0 25%}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{min-width:50px}}</style> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> sister projects provide more on this subject: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:China"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/47px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/62px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:China" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:China">Commons</a></span><br />Free media repository</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/China"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/35px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/53px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/70px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/China" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/China">Wikibooks</a></span><br />Free textbooks and manuals</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/China"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/China" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Special:Search/China">Wikidata</a></span><br />Free knowledge base</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/China"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/51px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/77px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/102px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/China" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/China">Wikinews</a></span><br />Free-content news</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/China"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/53px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/70px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/China" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/China">Wikiquote</a></span><br />Collection of quotations</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/China"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/35px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/53px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/70px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/China" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/China">Wikisource</a></span><br />Free-content library</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/China"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/China" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/China">Wikiversity</a></span><br />Free learning tools</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/China"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/35px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/53px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/70px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/China" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Special:Search/China">Wikivoyage</a></span><br />Free travel guide</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/China"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/70px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/China" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/China">Wiktionary</a></span><br />Dictionary and thesaurus</div> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239335380"> <div class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Discover Wikipedia using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">portals</a></b></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/35px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/53px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/70px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">List of all portals</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/35px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/53px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/70px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:The_arts" title="Portal:The arts">The arts portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/35px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/53px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/70px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/35px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/53px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/70px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="globe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/35px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/53px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/70px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/35px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/53px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/70px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="square root of x" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/35px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/53px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/70px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/35px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/53px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/70px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Random_font_awesome.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/35px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/53px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/70px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/35px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/53px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/70px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Portals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Portals">WikiProject Portals</a></span></div> </li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"> </li> </ul> </div> <p><i class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Special:Purge/Portal:China" title="Special:Purge/Portal:China"><small>Purge server cache</small></a></i> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐6fdd9f9b88‐zppls Cached time: 20241201005737 Cache expiry: 21600 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, no‐toc] CPU time usage: 8.323 seconds Real time usage: 9.996 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 11099/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 543330/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 82604/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 56/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 319436/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 7.321/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 26608972/52428800 bytes Lua Profile: MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::match 2840 ms 38.6% 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