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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_1._hrab%C4%9B_ze_Suffolku" title="Thomas Howard, 1. hrabě ze Suffolku – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Thomas Howard, 1. hrabě ze Suffolku" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_Iarll_Suffolk_1af" title="Thomas Howard, Iarll Suffolk 1af – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Thomas Howard, Iarll Suffolk 1af" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_1._Earl_of_Suffolk" title="Thomas Howard, 1. Earl of Suffolk – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thomas Howard, 1. Earl of Suffolk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_I_conde_de_Suffolk" title="Thomas Howard, I conde de Suffolk – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Thomas Howard, I conde de Suffolk" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Howard_(1er_comte_de_Suffolk)" title="Thomas Howard (1er comte de Suffolk) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thomas Howard (1er comte de Suffolk)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_I_conte_di_Suffolk" title="Thomas Howard, I conte di Suffolk – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Thomas Howard, I conte di Suffolk" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_(%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="توماس هوارد (سياسى من المملكه المتحده) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توماس هوارد (سياسى من المملكه المتحده)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89_(%E5%88%9D%E4%BB%A3%E3%82%B5%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E4%BC%AF)" title="トマス・ハワード (初代サフォーク伯) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トマス・ハワード (初代サフォーク伯)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81,_1-%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA" title="Говард, Томас, 1-й граф Саффолк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Говард, Томас, 1-й граф Саффолк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_1:e_earl_av_Suffolk" title="Thomas Howard, 1:e earl av Suffolk – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Thomas Howard, 1:e earl av Suffolk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_(1-%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA)" title="Томас Говард (1-й граф Саффолк) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Томас Говард (1-й граф Саффолк)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English sailor, politician, and courtier (1561–1626)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Thomas Howard, see <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Thomas Howard (disambiguation)">Thomas Howard (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Admiral_(Royal_Navy)" title="Admiral (Royal Navy)">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Earl of Suffolk</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Order of the Garter">KG</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_howard_suffolk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Thomas_howard_suffolk.jpg/220px-Thomas_howard_suffolk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="382" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Thomas_howard_suffolk.jpg/330px-Thomas_howard_suffolk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Thomas_howard_suffolk.jpg/440px-Thomas_howard_suffolk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1325" data-file-height="2300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Treasurer" title="Lord High Treasurer">Lord High Treasurer</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />11 July 1614 – July 1618</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Egerton,_1st_Baron_Ellesmere" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Egerton, 1st Baron Ellesmere">The Lord Ellesmere</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Abbot_(bishop)" title="George Abbot (bishop)">George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain" title="Lord Chamberlain">Lord Chamberlain of the Household</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />c. 1603 – c. 1614</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Carey,_2nd_Baron_Hunsdon" title="George Carey, 2nd Baron Hunsdon">The Lord Hunsdon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Carr,_1st_Earl_of_Somerset" title="Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset">The Earl of Somerset</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">24 August 1561</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">28 May 1626<span style="display:none">(1626-05-28)</span> (aged 64)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/St_Mary_the_Virgin,_Saffron_Walden" title="St Mary the Virgin, Saffron Walden">St Mary the Virgin, Saffron Walden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Mary Dacre<br /><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Knyvet" class="mw-redirect" title="Katherine Knyvet">Katherine Knyvet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Howard,_2nd_Earl_of_Suffolk" title="Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk">Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Howard_(d._1658)" title="Elizabeth Howard (d. 1658)">Elizabeth Howard</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Robert_Howard_(Royalist)" title="Robert Howard (Royalist)"> Robert Howard</a><br />Sir William Howard<br />Catherine Howard<br /><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_1st_Earl_of_Berkshire" title="Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire">Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Frances_Carr,_Countess_of_Somerset" title="Frances Carr, Countess of Somerset">Frances Howard</a><br />Sir Charles Howard<br />Henry Howard<br /><a href="/wiki/Edward_Howard,_1st_Baron_Howard_of_Escrick" title="Edward Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Escrick">Edward Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Escrick</a><br />Margaret Howard <code>family-name</code> - <a href="/wiki/House_of_Howard" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Howard">Howard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_4th_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk">Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk</a> (father)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Audley,_Duchess_of_Norfolk" title="Margaret Audley, Duchess of Norfolk">Margaret Audley</a> (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Sir_Thomas_Howard,_1st_Earl_of_Suffolk,_KG.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Sir_Thomas_Howard%2C_1st_Earl_of_Suffolk%2C_KG.png/243px-Coat_of_arms_of_Sir_Thomas_Howard%2C_1st_Earl_of_Suffolk%2C_KG.png" decoding="async" width="243" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Sir_Thomas_Howard%2C_1st_Earl_of_Suffolk%2C_KG.png/365px-Coat_of_arms_of_Sir_Thomas_Howard%2C_1st_Earl_of_Suffolk%2C_KG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Sir_Thomas_Howard%2C_1st_Earl_of_Suffolk%2C_KG.png/486px-Coat_of_arms_of_Sir_Thomas_Howard%2C_1st_Earl_of_Suffolk%2C_KG.png 2x" data-file-width="1158" data-file-height="1158" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of Sir Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk, KG. The crescent in the family coat of arms is because he was the second son</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Order of the Garter">KG</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a></span></span> (24 August 1561 – 28 May 1626), of <a href="/wiki/Audley_End_House" title="Audley End House">Audley End House</a> in the parish of <a href="/wiki/Saffron_Walden" title="Saffron Walden">Saffron Walden</a> in Essex, and of <a href="/wiki/Northumberland_House" title="Northumberland House">Suffolk House</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> near <a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Howard" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Howard">House of Howard</a>, was the second son of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_4th_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk">Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk</a>, by his second wife <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Audley,_Duchess_of_Norfolk" title="Margaret Audley, Duchess of Norfolk">Margaret Audley</a>, the daughter and eventual sole heiress of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Audley,_1st_Baron_Audley_of_Walden" title="Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden">Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden</a>, of Audley End. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_marriages">Early life and marriages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Howard,_1st_Earl_of_Suffolk&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and marriages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:167px;max-width:167px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:219px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ThomasHoward4HerzogvonNorfolk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/ThomasHoward4HerzogvonNorfolk.jpg/165px-ThomasHoward4HerzogvonNorfolk.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/ThomasHoward4HerzogvonNorfolk.jpg/248px-ThomasHoward4HerzogvonNorfolk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/ThomasHoward4HerzogvonNorfolk.jpg/330px-ThomasHoward4HerzogvonNorfolk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="834" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:171px;max-width:171px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:219px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MargaretAudley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/MargaretAudley.jpg/169px-MargaretAudley.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/MargaretAudley.jpg/254px-MargaretAudley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/MargaretAudley.jpg/338px-MargaretAudley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_4th_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk">Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Howard,_Duchess_of_Norfolk" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret Howard, Duchess of Norfolk">Margaret Audley</a>, Thomas' parents</div></div></div></div> <p>Thomas was born at <a href="/wiki/Audley_End" class="mw-redirect" title="Audley End">Audley End</a> on 24 August 1561, the second of four children <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_4th_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk">Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk</a>, had by his second wife, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Howard,_Duchess_of_Norfolk" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret Howard, Duchess of Norfolk">Margaret Audley</a>. His older sister was Elizabeth Howard, who died in infancy, and his younger siblings were <a href="/wiki/Lady_Margaret_Sackville_(1562%E2%80%931591)" title="Lady Margaret Sackville (1562–1591)">Margaret</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_William_Howard" title="Lord William Howard">William</a>. His maternal grandparents were <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Audley,_1st_Baron_Audley_of_Walden" title="Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden">Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden</a>, and his second wife Elizabeth Grey. His paternal grandparents were <a href="/wiki/Henry_Howard,_Earl_of_Surrey" title="Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey">Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey</a>, and his wife <a href="/wiki/Frances_Howard,_Countess_of_Surrey" title="Frances Howard, Countess of Surrey">Frances de Vere</a>. On her father's side, Thomas had an older half-brother, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Howard,_13th_Earl_of_Arundel" title="Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel">Philip Howard</a>, who would later become <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Arundel" title="Earl of Arundel">Earl of Arundel</a> who in turn was also a second cousin of Thomas (Philip's mother, <a href="/wiki/Mary_FitzAlan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary FitzAlan">Mary FitzAlan</a> and Margaret Audley were first cousins). </p><p>When his mother died in January 1564, Thomas inherited the <a href="/wiki/Manorialism" title="Manorialism">manor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saffron_Walden" title="Saffron Walden">Saffron Walden</a> and other Audley family properties. </p><p>Thomas's father, a Roman Catholic with a Protestant education, was arrested in 1569 for being involved in intrigues against Queen Elizabeth, mainly due to the Duke's intention to marry <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary I Stewart</a>, Queen of Scots. Although he was released in August 1570, a few months later he became involved in the <a href="/wiki/Ridolfi_plot" title="Ridolfi plot">Ridolfi plot</a> to overthrow Elizabeth, install Mary on the English throne and restore Catholicism, and was arrested again in September 1571, when his participation in the plot was discovered. Norfolk was tried for high treason and sentenced to death in January 1572. He was executed in June of that same year, when Thomas was almost eleven years old. After his father's death, Thomas and his siblings Philip, William and Margaret were left in the care of their uncle <a href="/wiki/Henry_Howard,_Earl_of_Northampton" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Howard, Earl of Northampton">Henry Howard</a>, who also took charge of their education. During this time, Thomas and his siblings lived with their uncle at Audley End. Due to his father's execution, much of his paternal family's property was <a href="/wiki/Forfeiture_(law)" title="Forfeiture (law)">forfeit</a>, although Thomas, his younger siblings, and his older half-brother Philip were able to recover some of the forfeited estates. </p><p>His father, while imprisoned in the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower</a> awaiting execution, urged Thomas to marry his stepsister Mary Dacre, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dacre,_4th_Baron_Dacre" title="Thomas Dacre, 4th Baron Dacre">Thomas Dacre, 4th Baron Dacre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Leyburne" title="Elizabeth Leyburne">Elizabeth Leybourne</a>, the duke's third wife. He did so; but Mary died, childless, in April 1578 at Walden.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In or before 1582, Howard remarried, his second wife being <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Knyvet" class="mw-redirect" title="Katherine Knyvet">Katherine Knyvet</a>, widow of Richard Rich, son of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rich,_2nd_Baron_Rich" title="Robert Rich, 2nd Baron Rich">Robert Rich, 2nd Baron Rich</a>. A noted beauty, she was also the eldest daughter and heiress of her father, Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Knyvet" title="Henry Knyvet">Henry Knyvet</a> of Charlton.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She survived her husband, dying in 1633.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Howard,_1st_Earl_of_Suffolk&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Howard,_2nd_Earl_of_Suffolk" title="Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk">Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk</a> (13 August 1582 – 3 June 1640) married: Elizabeth Home, and had issue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Howard_(d._1658)" title="Elizabeth Howard (d. 1658)">Elizabeth Howard</a> (c. 1583 – 17 April 1658) married: (1) <a href="/wiki/William_Knollys,_1st_Earl_of_Banbury" title="William Knollys, 1st Earl of Banbury">William Knollys, 1st Earl of Banbury</a>, and had issue (2) <a href="/wiki/Edward_Vaux,_4th_Baron_Vaux_of_Harrowden" title="Edward Vaux, 4th Baron Vaux of Harrowden">Edward Vaux, 4th Baron Vaux of Harrowden</a> (some say that Elizabeth's and William's children were illegitimate)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Howard_(Royalist)" title="Robert Howard (Royalist)">Sir Robert Howard</a> (1598–1653) (1) mistress <a href="/wiki/Frances_Coke,_Viscountess_Purbeck" title="Frances Coke, Viscountess Purbeck">Frances Villers</a> and had issue <a href="/wiki/Robert_Danvers" title="Robert Danvers">Robert Danvers</a>; (2) married: Catherine Nevill</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_(died_1672)" title="William Howard (died 1672)">Sir William Howard</a> (1586 – before 1672)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_1st_Earl_of_Berkshire" title="Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire">Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire</a> (8 October 1587 – 16 July 1669) married: Elizabeth Cecil, and had issue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Cecil,_Countess_of_Salisbury" title="Catherine Cecil, Countess of Salisbury">Catherine Howard</a> (c. 1588–1673) married: <a href="/wiki/William_Cecil,_2nd_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury">William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury</a>, and had issue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Carr,_Countess_of_Somerset" title="Frances Carr, Countess of Somerset">Frances Howard</a> (31 May 1590 – 1632) married: (1) <a href="/wiki/Robert_Devereux,_3rd_Earl_of_Essex" title="Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex">Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex</a> (2) <a href="/wiki/Robert_Carr,_1st_Earl_of_Somerset" title="Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset">Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset</a>, and had issue</li> <li>Sir Charles Howard (1591 – 21 June 1626), married Mary Fitz(john). Their daughter Elizabeth was a <a href="/wiki/Maid_of_honour" title="Maid of honour">maid of honour</a> and performed in the <a href="/wiki/Masque" title="Masque">masque</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shepherd%27s_Paradise" title="The Shepherd's Paradise">The Shepherd's Paradise</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Henry Howard (1592–1616), married Elizabeth Bassett and had issue. In September 1613 he travelled to <a href="/wiki/Veere" title="Veere">Veere</a> to fight a duel with the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Devereux,_3rd_Earl_of_Essex" title="Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex">Earl of Essex</a>, but the courtier <a href="/wiki/Sir_Henry_Gibb,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Henry Gibb, 1st Baronet">Henry Gibb</a> prevented the combat.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Howard,_1st_Baron_Howard_of_Escrick" title="Edward Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Escrick">Edward Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Escrick</a> (died 24 April 1675), married Mary Boteler daughter of <a href="/wiki/John_Boteler,_1st_Baron_Boteler_of_Brantfield" title="John Boteler, 1st Baron Boteler of Brantfield">John Boteler</a> and Elizabeth Villiers, on 30 November 1623,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had issue.</li> <li>Margaret Howard (c. 1599–1608)</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Theophilus_Howard,_2nd_Earl_of_Suffolk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Theophilus Howard"><img alt="Theophilus Howard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Theophilus_Howard%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Suffolk.jpg/99px-Theophilus_Howard%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Suffolk.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Theophilus_Howard%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Suffolk.jpg/149px-Theophilus_Howard%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Suffolk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Theophilus_Howard%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Suffolk.jpg/199px-Theophilus_Howard%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Suffolk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="258" data-file-height="311" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Theophilus Howard</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frances_Howard-Countess-of-Somerset.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frances Howard"><img alt="Frances Howard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Frances_Howard-Countess-of-Somerset.jpg/90px-Frances_Howard-Countess-of-Somerset.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Frances_Howard-Countess-of-Somerset.jpg/135px-Frances_Howard-Countess-of-Somerset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Frances_Howard-Countess-of-Somerset.jpg/180px-Frances_Howard-Countess-of-Somerset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1268" data-file-height="1690" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Frances Howard </div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Audley_End_House_%26_Gardens_(EH)_06-05-2012_(7710715660).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Audley_End_House_%26_Gardens_%28EH%29_06-05-2012_%287710715660%29.jpg/220px-Audley_End_House_%26_Gardens_%28EH%29_06-05-2012_%287710715660%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Audley_End_House_%26_Gardens_%28EH%29_06-05-2012_%287710715660%29.jpg/330px-Audley_End_House_%26_Gardens_%28EH%29_06-05-2012_%287710715660%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Audley_End_House_%26_Gardens_%28EH%29_06-05-2012_%287710715660%29.jpg/440px-Audley_End_House_%26_Gardens_%28EH%29_06-05-2012_%287710715660%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Audley End, entrance</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Audley_End_House_-_aerial_image_A_(13922330685).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Audley_End_House_-_aerial_image_A_%2813922330685%29.jpg/220px-Audley_End_House_-_aerial_image_A_%2813922330685%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Audley_End_House_-_aerial_image_A_%2813922330685%29.jpg/330px-Audley_End_House_-_aerial_image_A_%2813922330685%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Audley_End_House_-_aerial_image_A_%2813922330685%29.jpg/440px-Audley_End_House_-_aerial_image_A_%2813922330685%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4680" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Audley End, aerial</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Audley_End_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1309480.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Audley_End_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1309480.jpg/220px-Audley_End_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1309480.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Audley_End_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1309480.jpg/330px-Audley_End_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1309480.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Audley_End_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1309480.jpg/440px-Audley_End_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1309480.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Audley End, rear</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naval_exploits">Naval exploits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Howard,_1st_Earl_of_Suffolk&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Naval exploits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 1584, he was restored in blood as <b>Lord Thomas Howard</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lord Thomas commanded the <i>Golden Lion</i> in the attack on the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada">Spanish Armada</a>. On 25 July 1588, the <i>Golden Lion</i> was one of the three ships that counter-attacked the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Galleass" title="Galleass">galleasses</a> protecting the <i>Saint Anne</i>. He was knighted the next day aboard <a href="/wiki/HMS_Ark_Royal_(1587)" class="mw-redirect" title="HMS Ark Royal (1587)"><i>Ark Royal</i></a> by his kinsman, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Charles_Howard,_1st_Earl_of_Nottingham" title="Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham">Lord Howard of Effingham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1591, he was sent with a squadron to the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a> which was to waylay the Spanish treasure fleets from America. However, one fleet reached Spain before his arrival, and the second would not arrive in the islands until September. Forced by the long delay to land his sick and repair his ships, he was barely able to <a href="/wiki/Sailing_ballast" class="mw-redirect" title="Sailing ballast">re-ballast</a> and get to sea off <a href="/wiki/Flores_Island_(Azores)" title="Flores Island (Azores)">Flores</a> in time when his scouts reported an arriving fleet. To his horror, this proved to be, not the treasure fleet, but a powerful Spanish force dispatched from <a href="/wiki/Ferrol,_Spain" title="Ferrol, Spain">Ferrol</a> to destroy his squadron. All of Howard's fleet escaped, by the barest of margins, except <a href="/wiki/HMS_Revenge_(1577)" class="mw-redirect" title="HMS Revenge (1577)"><i>Revenge</i></a>, commanded by the squadron's vice-admiral, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Grenville" title="Richard Grenville">Sir Richard Grenville</a>. <i>Revenge</i>, some distance from the remainder of the fleet, attempted to break through the Castilian Squadron and was forced to surrender after a long fight, in which <i>Revenge</i> was virtually destroyed and Grenville mortally wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1596, Howard served as vice-admiral of the expedition against <a href="/wiki/Cadiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadiz">Cadiz</a>, which defeated a Spanish fleet and captured the town. Favoured by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Queen Elizabeth</a>, he was installed as a <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Garter">Knight of the Garter</a> in April 1597, and in June sailed with the unsuccessful expedition to the Azores, which he had partly funded.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Howard,_1st_Earl_of_Suffolk&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was seriously ill in the autumn of 1597, and was created <a href="/wiki/Baron_Howard_de_Walden" title="Baron Howard de Walden">Baron Howard de Walden</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_peer#Writs_of_summons" title="Hereditary peer">writ of summons</a>. While he recovered from his illness, he was unable to attend Parliament until January 1598. On 2 February 1598, he was admitted an honorary member of <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Inn" title="Gray's Inn">Gray's Inn</a>. In 1599, he commanded the fleet in <a href="/wiki/The_Downs_(ship_anchorage)" title="The Downs (ship anchorage)">The Downs</a>; in that same year, he became an admiral.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was appointed <a href="/wiki/Constable_of_the_Tower_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Constable of the Tower of London">Constable of the Tower of London</a> on 13 February 1601 after the revolt of the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Devereux,_2nd_Earl_of_Essex" title="Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex">Earl of Essex</a>, and was one of the commission who tried Essex and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wriothesley,_3rd_Earl_of_Southampton" title="Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton">Southampton</a>. Still active in privateering ventures, he never obtained significant profit from them. At this time, he was also sworn High Steward of <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge University</a>, and would hold the post until 1614.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (He received an <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts_(Oxbridge)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Arts (Oxbridge)">MA</a> from Cambridge in 1605.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p><p>A friend of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury">Sir Robert Cecil</a>, he became acting <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain" title="Lord Chamberlain">Lord Chamberlain</a> at the close of 1602, and entertained the Queen at the <a href="/wiki/London_Charterhouse" title="London Charterhouse">Charterhouse</a>, towards the end of her life in January 1603. Under <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="James I of England">James I</a>, Howard immediately entered the King's favour, being appointed Lord Chamberlain on 6 April 1603 and a <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_England" title="Privy Council of England">Privy Counsellor</a> on 7 April. Later that year, on 21 July 1603, he was created <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Suffolk" title="Earl of Suffolk">Earl of Suffolk</a>. He was also appointed a commissioner for creating <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Bath">Knights of the Bath</a>, and from 1604 to 1618 a commissioner for the <a href="/wiki/Earl_Marshal" title="Earl Marshal">Earl Marshalcy</a>. He was appointed <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Suffolk" title="Lord Lieutenant of Suffolk">Lord Lieutenant of Suffolk</a> in 1605, having several years earlier been made <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Cambridgeshire" title="Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire">Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Suffolk accepted a gift from the Spanish ambassador negotiating the peace treaty of 1604, but his countess proved a more valuable informant and Catholic sympathiser. Avaricious, she accepted an annual pension of £1000 from the Spanish. While Suffolk was less pro-Spanish and pro-Catholic than his wife, she was felt to dominate her husband in matters of politics, a circumstance which would later bring him to grief.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1605, Cecil, now Earl of Salisbury, Suffolk, the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Howard,_1st_Earl_of_Northampton" title="Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton">Earl of Northampton</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Edward_Somerset,_4th_Earl_of_Worcester" title="Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester">Earl of Worcester</a> were James's principal privy counsellors. Suffolk and Salisbury were both privy to the communications made by <a href="/wiki/William_Parker,_4th_Baron_Monteagle" title="William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle">Lord Monteagle</a> revealing the existence of the <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_Plot" title="Gunpowder Plot">Gunpowder Plot</a>, and Suffolk examined the cellar, spotting the brushwood concealing the gunpowder. Later that evening, the Keeper of the Palace, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Knyvet,_1st_Baron_Knyvet" title="Thomas Knyvet, 1st Baron Knyvet">Sir Thomas Knyvet</a> (Suffolk's brother-in-law) made further search, revealing the gunpowder, and the plot collapsed. Suffolk was one of those commissioned to investigate and try the plotters.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Numbered by James as one of his "trinity of knaves" (with Salisbury and Northampton), he was nonetheless thought loyal and reliable to the King. By 1607, work was completed on <a href="/wiki/Charlton_Park,_Wiltshire" title="Charlton Park, Wiltshire">Charlton Park</a>, a house which is still home to his descendants. In December 1608, Salisbury's eldest son and heir, <a href="/wiki/William_Cecil,_2nd_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury">William</a> married Suffolk's third daughter, Catharine. Salisbury, who died in 1612, praised Suffolk's friendship in his will; and upon his death, Suffolk was appointed one of the Lords of the Treasury. Though he disliked <a href="/wiki/Robert_Carr,_1st_Earl_of_Somerset" title="Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset">Sir Robert Carr</a>, the royal favourite, Suffolk supported his daughter Frances' desire to divorce her husband, the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Devereux,_3rd_Earl_of_Essex" title="Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex">Earl of Essex</a> to marry him. She did so in December 1613, shortly after his creation as Earl of Somerset.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 July 1614, Suffolk was appointed <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chancellors_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chancellors of the University of Cambridge">Chancellor of the University of Cambridge</a>, replacing his kinsman Northampton, and on 11 July 1614 was made <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Treasurer" title="Lord High Treasurer">Lord High Treasurer</a>. His new son-in-law, Somerset, replaced him as Lord Chamberlain, and Suffolk and his family now dominated the court.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1615, however, Suffolk's fall began. James had become deeply infatuated with <a href="/wiki/George_Villiers,_1st_Duke_of_Buckingham" title="George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham">Sir George Villiers</a>, and Suffolk's daughter Frances, now Countess of Somerset, was implicated in the poisoning of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Overbury" title="Thomas Overbury">Sir Thomas Overbury</a>. Suffolk was accused by James of complicity with Somerset in trying to suppress the investigation of the crime, but successfully weathered the storm. However, Suffolk then made the mistake of attempting to undermine the rising power of Villiers by grooming another handsome young man to succeed him in James's favour. Completely unsuccessful, this only provoked a counterattack by Villiers, now (1618) Marquess of Buckingham, upon Suffolk's conduct as Lord High Treasurer.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Suffolk's finances were always in a perilous state. His early privateering and naval ventures nearly bankrupted him, despite some financial help from Queen Elizabeth. Under James, the situation was somewhat eased by his preferment at court, which gave him board and lodging and valuable emoluments, and the regrant of some of the sequestered estates of his father. Some of this he invested in land in <a href="/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia">East Anglia</a>, and he further benefited from a series of customs farms and bequests from relatives. He had been forced to sell his London residence, the Charterhouse, in 1611, but this was replaced in 1614 when he inherited the Earl of Northampton's house at <a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross" title="Charing Cross">Charing Cross</a>. Suffolk added to his own troubles with extravagant building programmes. <a href="/wiki/Audley_End_House" title="Audley End House">Audley End House</a>, built from 1603 to 1616, was the largest private house in England. He also added an expensive new wing to Charing Cross, and his wife built <a href="/wiki/Charlton_Park,_Wiltshire" title="Charlton Park, Wiltshire">Charlton Park</a> on the Knyvett estates she had inherited. Suffolk's children were also well provided for. He spent considerable sums to keep up their profile at court, and provided generous marriage portions to improve their matches. While this strategy was successful, it generated crushing debts for him, owing £40,000 in bonds and mortgages by 1618. His appointment as Lord High Treasurer in 1614 provided the opportunity to ameliorate his financial position through selling patronage and through deals with customs farmers, although it did not completely relieve his debts. It was also to prove the instrument of his downfall.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arrest_and_fall">Arrest and fall</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Howard,_1st_Earl_of_Suffolk&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Arrest and fall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Through the agency of Buckingham, James was made aware of Suffolk's misconduct in the Treasury, particularly allegations that Lady Suffolk harassed creditors of the crown, and extorted bribes from them before they could obtain payment. Suffolk was suspended from the Treasurership in July 1618. Early in 1619, his wife suffered an attack of <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> which destroyed her famous beauty, and Suffolk himself pleaded ill health in an attempt to avoid trial. These efforts failed: in October 1619, he, his wife, and their crony Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Bingley_(MP)" title="John Bingley (MP)">John Bingley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Remembrancer" title="Remembrancer">Remembrancer</a> of the Exchequer were prosecuted on a variety of counts of corruption in the Court of <a href="/wiki/Star_Chamber" title="Star Chamber">Star Chamber</a>. <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Sir Francis Bacon</a>, the prosecutor, compared Lady Suffolk to an exchange woman keeping shop while her apprentice, Bingley, cried "What d'ye lack?" outside.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 13 November 1619, they were found guilty on all counts. A fine of £30,000 was imposed, and they were sentenced to imprisonment at the King's pleasure.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After ten days, Suffolk and his wife were released and appealed to Buckingham to intercede for them. Although Suffolk further irritated James by legal manoeuvres to avoid seizure of his property, Buckingham was willing to be magnanimous to his rival now that his power had been destroyed. Buckingham obtained for Suffolk an audience with the King, and the fine was subsequently remitted except for £7,000. In 1623, Suffolk's youngest son <a href="/wiki/Edward_Howard,_1st_Baron_Howard_of_Escrick" title="Edward Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Escrick">Edward</a> married Buckingham's niece, Mary Boteler. While Suffolk never again rose to high office, he was active in the Lords and served twice as a commissioner of ecclesiastical causes. He died at Charing Cross on 28 May 1626 and was buried on 4 June at Saffron Walden.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Howard,_1st_Earl_of_Suffolk&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cokayne, G. E. & Geoffrey H. White, eds. (1953). The Complete Peerage, or a history of the House of Lords and all its members from the earliest times, volume XII part 1: Skelmersdale to Towton. 12.1 (2nd ed.). London: The St. Catherine Press, p. 465 (where he died).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Howard, Thomas (1561-1626)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Howard,_Thomas_(1561-1626)">"Howard, Thomas (1561-1626)" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Howard%2C+Thomas+%281561-1626%29&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co&rft.date=1885%2F1900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Howard%2C+1st+Earl+of+Suffolk" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stirnet.com/HTML/genie/british/hh4bz/howard02.htm">"Howard pedigree 2"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Howard+pedigree+2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stirnet.com%2FHTML%2Fgenie%2Fbritish%2Fhh4bz%2Fhoward02.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Howard%2C+1st+Earl+of+Suffolk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Suffolk, Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Suffolk,_Thomas_Howard,_1st_Earl_of">"Suffolk, Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Suffolk%2C+Thomas+Howard%2C+1st+Earl+of&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=26&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Howard%2C+1st+Earl+of+Suffolk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sarah Poynting, 'Henrietta Maria's Notorious Whores', Clare McManus, <i>Women and Culture at the Courts of the Stuart Queens</i> (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), pp. 163–5, 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Shaw & G. Dyfnallt Owen, <i>HMC 77 Viscount De L'Isle, Penshurst</i>, vol. 5 (London, 1961), pp. 120–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Payne_Collier" title="John Payne Collier">John Payne Collier</a>, <i>Egerton Papers</i> (Camden Society: London, 1840), p. 463.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Birch & Folkestone Williams, <i>Court and Times of James the First</i>, 2 (London: Colburn, 1849), p. 441.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCamden1625" class="citation book cs1">Camden, William (1625). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philological.bham.ac.uk/camden/1588e.html"><i>Annales Rerum Gestarum Angliae et Hiberniae Regnante Elizabetha</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annales+Rerum+Gestarum+Angliae+et+Hiberniae+Regnante+Elizabetha&rft.date=1625&rft.aulast=Camden&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philological.bham.ac.uk%2Fcamden%2F1588e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Howard%2C+1st+Earl+of+Suffolk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/renaissance/revenge/default.aspx">"The Last Fight of the Revenge"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Last+Fight+of+the+Revenge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.militaryhistoryonline.com%2Frenaissance%2Frevenge%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Howard%2C+1st+Earl+of+Suffolk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFACADHWRT605T" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=HWRT605T&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50">"Howard, Thomas (HWRT605T)"</a>. <i>A Cambridge Alumni Database</i>. University of Cambridge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Howard%2C+Thomas+%28HWRT605T%29&rft.btitle=A+Cambridge+Alumni+Database&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvenn.lib.cam.ac.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsearch-2018.pl%3Fsur%3D%26suro%3Dw%26fir%3D%26firo%3Dc%26cit%3D%26cito%3Dc%26c%3Dall%26z%3Dall%26tex%3DHWRT605T%26sye%3D%26eye%3D%26col%3Dall%26maxcount%3D50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Howard%2C+1st+Earl+of+Suffolk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Bios/ThomasHoward(1ESuffolk).htm">"Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thomas+Howard%2C+1st+Earl+of+Suffolk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tudorplace.com.ar%2FBios%2FThomasHoward%281ESuffolk%29.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Howard%2C+1st+Earl+of+Suffolk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Roger_North,_2nd_Baron_North" title="Roger North, 2nd Baron North">The Lord North</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Cambridgeshire" title="Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire">Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire</a> </b><br />1602–1626 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="3">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Howard,_2nd_Earl_of_Suffolk" title="Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk">The Earl of Suffolk</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Henry_Carey,_1st_Baron_Hunsdon" title="Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon">The Lord Hunsdon</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Suffolk" title="Lord Lieutenant of Suffolk">Lord Lieutenant of Suffolk</a> </b><br />1605–1626 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_3rd_Viscount_Howard_of_Bindon" title="Thomas Howard, 3rd Viscount Howard of Bindon">The Viscount Howard of Bindon</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Dorset" title="Lord Lieutenant of Dorset">Lord Lieutenant of Dorset</a><br /><small>with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury">The Earl of Salisbury</a> 1611–1612</small> </b><br />1611–1626 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Carey,_2nd_Baron_Hunsdon" title="George Carey, 2nd Baron Hunsdon">The Lord Hunsdon</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain" title="Lord Chamberlain">Lord Chamberlain</a> </b><br />1603–1614 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Carr,_1st_Earl_of_Somerset" title="Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset">The Earl of Somerset</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">In commission<b><br />(First Lord: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Egerton,_1st_Baron_Ellesmere" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Egerton, 1st Baron Ellesmere">The Lord Ellesmere</a>)</b></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Treasurer" title="Lord High Treasurer">Lord High Treasurer</a> </b><br />1614–1618 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">In commission<b><br />(First Lord: <a href="/wiki/George_Abbot_(Archbishop_of_Canterbury)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Abbot (Archbishop of Canterbury)">George Abbot</a>)</b></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Percy,_3rd_Earl_of_Northumberland" title="Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland">The Earl of Northumberland</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Captain_of_the_Gentlemen-at-Arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain of the Gentlemen-at-Arms">Captain of the Gentlemen Pensioners</a> </b><br />1615–1616 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="3">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Howard,_2nd_Earl_of_Suffolk" title="Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk">Lord Howard de Walden</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mildmay" title="Thomas Mildmay">Sir Thomas Mildmay</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Custos_Rotulorum_of_Essex" title="Custos Rotulorum of Essex">Custos Rotulorum of Essex</a> </b><br />bef. 1621–1624 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jermyn_(1539%E2%80%931614)" title="Robert Jermyn (1539–1614)">Sir Robert Jermyn</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Custos_Rotulorum_of_Suffolk" title="Custos Rotulorum of Suffolk">Custos Rotulorum of Suffolk</a> </b><br />bef. 1621–1624 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Howard,_1st_Earl_of_Northampton" title="Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton">The Earl of Northampton</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of the University of Cambridge">Chancellor of the University of Cambridge</a> </b><br />1614–1626 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Villiers,_1st_Duke_of_Buckingham" title="George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham">The Duke of Buckingham</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_England" title="Peerage of England">Peerage of England</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b>New creation</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Suffolk" title="Earl of Suffolk">Earl of Suffolk</a> </b><br />1603–1626 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Howard,_2nd_Earl_of_Suffolk" title="Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk">Theophilus Howard</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Baron_Howard_de_Walden" title="Baron Howard de Walden">Baron Howard de Walden</a><br /><small>(descended by <a href="/wiki/Writ_in_acceleration" class="mw-redirect" title="Writ in acceleration">acceleration</a>)</small> </b><br />1597–1610 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset">Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset</a> (1603–1608)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury">Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury</a> (1608–1612)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_Howard,_1st_Earl_of_Northampton" title="Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton">Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton</a></i> (1612–1613)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Egerton,_1st_Viscount_Brackley" title="Thomas Egerton, 1st Viscount Brackley">Thomas Egerton, 1st Baron Ellesmere</a></i> (1613–1614)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk</a> (1614–1618)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/George_Abbot_(bishop)" title="George Abbot (bishop)">George Abbot</a></i> (1618–1620)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Montagu,_1st_Earl_of_Manchester" title="Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester">Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester</a> (1620–1621)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Cranfield,_1st_Earl_of_Middlesex" title="Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of Middlesex">Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of Middlesex</a> (1621–1624)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ley,_1st_Earl_of_Marlborough" title="James Ley, 1st Earl of Marlborough">James Ley, 1st Earl of Marlborough</a> (1624–1625)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Great_Britain_(1707-1714).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_Arms_of_Great_Britain_%281707-1714%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Great_Britain_%281707-1714%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_Arms_of_Great_Britain_%281707-1714%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Great_Britain_%281707-1714%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Coat_of_Arms_of_Great_Britain_%281707-1714%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Great_Britain_%281707-1714%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a><br />(1625–1649)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Ley,_1st_Earl_of_Marlborough" title="James Ley, 1st Earl of Marlborough">James Ley, 1st Earl of Marlborough</a> (1625–1628)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Weston,_1st_Earl_of_Portland" title="Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland">Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland</a> (1628–1633)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a></i> (1635–1636)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Juxon" title="William Juxon">William Juxon</a> (1636–1641)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edward_Littleton,_1st_Baron_Lyttelton" title="Edward Littleton, 1st Baron Lyttelton">Edward Littleton, 1st Baron Lyttelton</a></i> (1641–1643)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Cottington,_1st_Baron_Cottington" title="Francis Cottington, 1st Baron Cottington">Francis Cottington, 1st Baron Cottington</a> (1643–1646)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a><br />(1660–1685)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hyde,_1st_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon">Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon</a></i> (June–September 1660)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wriothesley,_4th_Earl_of_Southampton" title="Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton">Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton</a> (1660–1667)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Monck,_1st_Duke_of_Albemarle" title="George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle">George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle</a> (1667–1670)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Clifford,_1st_Baron_Clifford_of_Chudleigh" title="Thomas Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh">Thomas Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh</a> (1672–1673)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Osborne,_1st_Duke_of_Leeds" title="Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds">Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds</a> (1673–March 1679)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Capell,_1st_Earl_of_Essex" title="Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex">Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex</a></i> (March–November 1679)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Hyde,_1st_Earl_of_Rochester" title="Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester">Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester</a></i> (November 1679–1684)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Godolphin,_1st_Earl_of_Godolphin" title="Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin">Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin</a></i> (1684–1685)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II</a><br />(1685–1688)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Hyde,_1st_Earl_of_Rochester" title="Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester">Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester</a> (1685–1686)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Belasyse,_1st_Baron_Belasyse" title="John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse">John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse</a></i> (1687–December 1688)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William</a> & <a href="/wiki/Mary_II_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary II of England">Mary</a><br />(1689–1694)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Belasyse,_1st_Baron_Belasyse" title="John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse">John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse</a></i> (December 1688–April 1689)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mordaunt,_3rd_Earl_of_Peterborough" title="Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough">Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough</a></i> (April 1689–March 1690)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Lowther,_1st_Viscount_Lonsdale" title="John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale">John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale</a></i> (March 1690–November 1690)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Godolphin,_1st_Earl_of_Godolphin" title="Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin">Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin</a></i> (November 1690–1694)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III</a><br />(1694–1702)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Godolphin,_1st_Earl_of_Godolphin" title="Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin">Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin</a></i> (1694–1697)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles_Montagu,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax">Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax</a></i> (1697–1699)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ford_Grey,_1st_Earl_of_Tankerville" title="Ford Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville">Ford Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville</a></i> (1699–1700)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Godolphin,_1st_Earl_of_Godolphin" title="Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin">Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin</a></i> (1700–1701)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles_Howard,_3rd_Earl_of_Carlisle" title="Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Carlisle">Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Carlisle</a></i> (1701–1702)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain" title="Anne, Queen of Great Britain">Anne</a><br />(1702–1714)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Godolphin,_1st_Earl_of_Godolphin" title="Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin">Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin</a> (1702–1710)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Poulett,_1st_Earl_Poulett" title="John Poulett, 1st Earl Poulett">John Poulett, 1st Earl Poulett</a></i> (1710–1711)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Harley,_1st_Earl_of_Oxford_and_Earl_Mortimer" title="Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer">Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer</a> (1711–July 1714)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Talbot,_1st_Duke_of_Shrewsbury" title="Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury">Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury</a> (July–October 1714)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Italics indicate service as <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Treasury" title="First Lord of the Treasury">First Lord of the Treasury</a> when <a href="/wiki/HM_Treasury" title="HM Treasury">HM Treasury</a> was ruled by Commission</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Howard,_1st_Earl_of_Suffolk&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" 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