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class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Births-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Births subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>January</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-February_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#February_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>February</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-February_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deaths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>January</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-February_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#February_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>February</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-February_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nobel_Prizes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_Prizes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nobel Prizes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_Prizes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1931</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 195 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-195" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">195 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1931 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1931 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1931 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1931 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B3%DB%B1_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۹۳۱ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۹۳۱ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%A7" title="১৯৩১ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৯৩১" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_n%C3%AE" title="1931 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1931 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1931 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1931 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931." title="1931. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1931." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1931 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1931 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B3%DB%B1" title="۱۹۳۱ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۹۳۱" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_%D1%88%D1%83" title="1931 шу – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="1931 шу" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931%E5%B9%B4" title="1931年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1931年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931-ngi%C3%A8n" title="1931-ngièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1931-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931%EB%85%84" title="1931년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1931년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="१९३१ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१९३१" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931." title="1931. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1931." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%A7" title="মারি ১৯৩১ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৯৩১" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1931-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1931-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AF%E0%B3%A9%E0%B3%A7" title="೧೯೩೧ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೯೩೧" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1931 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1931 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1931 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1931 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1931-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1931-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1931 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1931 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_%D0%B8" title="1931 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1931 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931._gads" title="1931. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1931. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1931 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1931 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_m." title="1931 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1931 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="१९३१ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१९३१" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="इ.स. १९३१ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १९३१" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B3%DB%B1" title="۱۹۳۱ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۹۳۱" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1931 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1931 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1931 он – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1931 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%89%E1%81%83%E1%81%81" title="၁၉၃၁ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၉၃၁" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="ई सं १९३१ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १९३१" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931%E5%B9%B4" title="1931年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1931年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1931 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1931 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AF%E0%AD%A9%E0%AD%A7" title="୧୯୩୧ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୯୩୧" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="१९३१ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१९३१" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1931" title="Joohr 1931 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1931" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1931 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1931 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1931 сыл – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1931 сыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931%D8%B9" title="1931ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1931ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A3%D9%A1" title="١٩٣١ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٩٣١" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931." title="1931. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1931." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1931 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1931 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2474" title="พ.ศ. 2474 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2474" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1931" title="Соли 1931 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1931" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1931 ар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1931 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931%D8%A1" title="1931ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1931ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_-_%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="1931 - يىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="1931 - يىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_nienz" title="1931 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1931 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B4" title="一九三一年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一九三一年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931%E5%B9%B4" title="1931年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1931年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931%E5%B9%B4" title="1931年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1931年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931" title="1931 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1931" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18782#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> 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a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Years</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_century" title="21st century">21st century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1910s" title="1910s">1910s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920s" title="1920s">1920s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1930s" title="1930s">1930s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940s" title="1940s">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950s" title="1950s">1950s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1928" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1928">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1929" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1929">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1930" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1930">1930</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1931" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1931">1931</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1932" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1932">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1933" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1933">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1934" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1934">1934</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output 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style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Subject</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_animation" title="1931 in animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_archaeology" title="1931 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_architecture" title="1931 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_art" title="1931 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_aviation" title="1931 in aviation">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1931_awards" title="Category:1931 awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_comics" title="1931 in comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_film" title="1931 in film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_literature" title="1931 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_poetry" title="1931 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1931_meteorology" title="Category:1931 meteorology">Meteorology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_music" title="1931 in music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_country_music" title="1931 in country music">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_jazz" title="1931 in jazz">Jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_rail_transport" title="1931 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_radio" title="1931 in radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_science" title="1931 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_sports" title="1931 in sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_association_football" title="1931 in association football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_television" title="1931 in television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_American_television" title="1931 in American television">American</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_British_television" title="1931 in British television">British</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Afghanistan" title="1931 in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Australia" title="1931 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Belgium" title="1931 in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Brazil" title="1931 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="1931 in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Canada" title="1931 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_China" title="1931 in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Denmark" title="1931 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_France" title="1931 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Germany" title="1931 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_India" title="1931 in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Ireland" title="1931 in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Italy" title="1931 in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Japan" title="1931 in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Malaya" title="1931 in Malaya">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_New_Zealand" title="1931 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Norway" title="1931 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1931 in Mandatory Palestine">Palestine Mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1931 in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Portugal" title="1931 in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_South_Africa" title="1931 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="1931 in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Spain" title="1931 in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Sweden" title="1931 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Switzerland" title="1931 in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Turkey" title="1931 in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1931 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_the_United_States" title="1931 in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_1931" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in 1931">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1931" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1931">Sovereign state leaders</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_20th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 20th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_20th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 20th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1931_in_law" title="Category:1931 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1931_births" title="Category:1931 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1931_deaths" title="Category:1931 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1931_establishments" title="Category:1931 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1931_disestablishments" title="Category:1931 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1931_works" title="Category:1931 works">Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1931_introductions" title="Category:1931 introductions">Introductions</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C20_year_in_topic" title="Template:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C20_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C20_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1931 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1931<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCMXXXI</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2684</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1380<br />ԹՎ ՌՅՁ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6681</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></td><td>87–88</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1852–1853</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1337–1338</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2881</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>21 <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">Geo. 5</a> – 22 <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">Geo. 5</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2475</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1293</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7439–7440</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">庚午</a>年 (Metal <a href="/wiki/Horse_(zodiac)" title="Horse (zodiac)">Horse</a>)<br />4628 or 4421<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />辛未年 (Metal <a href="/wiki/Goat_(zodiac)" title="Goat (zodiac)">Goat</a>)<br />4629 or 4422</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1647–1648</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>3097</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1923–1924</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5691–5692</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1987–1988</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1852–1853</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>5031–5032</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11931</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>931–932</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1309–1310</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1349–1350</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_(1926%E2%80%931989)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōwa (1926–1989)">Shōwa</a> 6<br />(昭和６年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1861–1862</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Juche_calendar" title="Juche calendar">Juche calendar</a></td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 13 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4264</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a> 20<br />民國20年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>463</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2473–2474</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳金马年<br />(male Iron-<a href="/wiki/Horse_(zodiac)" title="Horse (zodiac)">Horse</a>)<br />2057 or 1676 or 904<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴金羊年<br />(female Iron-<a href="/wiki/Goat_(zodiac)" title="Goat (zodiac)">Goat</a>)<br />2058 or 1677 or 905</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1931" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1931">1931</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>1931</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MCMXXXI</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Thursday" title="Common year starting on Thursday">common year starting on Thursday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>, the 1931st year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 931st year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 31st year of the <a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a>, and the 2nd year of the <a href="/wiki/1930s" title="1930s">1930s</a> decade. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January">January</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/January_1931" title="January 1931">January 1931</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a> native <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Ernest Lawrence</a> invents the <a href="/wiki/Cyclotron" title="Cyclotron">cyclotron</a>, used to accelerate particles to study <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_physics" title="Nuclear physics">nuclear physics</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> – German pilot <a href="/wiki/Elly_Beinhorn" title="Elly Beinhorn">Elly Beinhorn</a> begins her flight to Africa.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – Sir <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Isaacs" title="Isaac Isaacs">Isaac Isaacs</a> is sworn in as the first Australian-born <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General of Australia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mohandas_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohandas Gandhi">Mohandas Gandhi</a> is again released from imprisonment in India.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Pierre Laval</a> forms a government in France.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> comedy drama film <i><a href="/wiki/City_Lights" title="City Lights">City Lights</a></i> receives its public premiere at the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Theater">Los Angeles Theater</a> with <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> as guest of honor. Contrary to the current trend in cinema, it is a <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent film</a>, but with a score by Chaplin. Critically and commercially successful from the start, it will place consistently in lists of films considered the best of all time.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February">February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/February_1931" title="February 1931">February 1931</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delhi_India_Government.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Delhi_India_Government.jpg/230px-Delhi_India_Government.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Delhi_India_Government.jpg/345px-Delhi_India_Government.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Delhi_India_Government.jpg/460px-Delhi_India_Government.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1340" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a>: New Delhi becomes India's capital</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_Trimotor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ford_Trimotor.jpg/200px-Ford_Trimotor.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ford_Trimotor.jpg/300px-Ford_Trimotor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ford_Trimotor.jpg/400px-Ford_Trimotor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ford_Trimotor" title="Ford Trimotor">Ford Trimotor</a> hijacked</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> gives a speech calling for rapid industrialization, arguing that only strong industrialized countries will win wars, while "weak" nations are "beaten". Stalin states: "We are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced countries. We must make good this distance in ten years. Either we do it, or they will crush us." The <a href="/wiki/First_five-year_plan_(Soviet_Union)" title="First five-year plan (Soviet Union)">first five-year plan</a> in the Soviet Union is intensified, for the industrialization and collectivization of agriculture.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> – Official inauguration ceremonies for New Delhi as the capital of India begin.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pehr_Evind_Svinhufvud" title="Pehr Evind Svinhufvud">Pehr Evind Svinhufvud</a> is elected president of Finland.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peruvian</a> revolutionaries hijack a <a href="/wiki/Ford_Trimotor" title="Ford Trimotor">Ford Trimotor</a> aeroplane, and demand that the pilot drop <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a> <a href="/wiki/Flyer_(pamphlet)" title="Flyer (pamphlet)">leaflets</a> over <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March">March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/March_1931" title="March 1931">March 1931</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – The British <a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">viceroy</a> of India and <a href="/wiki/Mohandas_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohandas Gandhi">Mohandas Gandhi</a> sign the <a href="/wiki/Gandhi%E2%80%93Irwin_Pact" title="Gandhi–Irwin Pact">Gandhi–Irwin Pact</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – The Finnish <a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_Helsinki" title="Parliament House, Helsinki">Parliament House</a> opens in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, Finland.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – The <i><a href="/wiki/Ready_for_Labour_and_Defence_of_the_USSR" title="Ready for Labour and Defence of the USSR">Ready for Labour and Defence of the USSR</a></i> programme, abbreviated as GTO, is introduced in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – Indian revolutionary leaders <a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh" title="Bhagat Singh">Bhagat Singh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shivaram_Rajguru" title="Shivaram Rajguru">Shivaram Rajguru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sukhdev_Thapar" title="Sukhdev Thapar">Sukhdev Thapar</a> are hanged for conspiracy to murder in the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> – An <a href="/wiki/1931_Nicaragua_earthquake" title="1931 Nicaragua earthquake">earthquake</a> destroys <a href="/wiki/Managua" title="Managua">Managua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, killing 2,000 people.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April">April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/April_1931" title="April 1931">April 1931</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Second_Encirclement_Campaign_against_Jiangxi_Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Encirclement Campaign against Jiangxi Soviet">Second Encirclement Campaign against Jiangxi Soviet</a> in China is launched by the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> government, to destroy the Communist forces in <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a> Province.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – The Portuguese government declares martial law in <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>, because of the <a href="/wiki/Madeira_uprising" title="Madeira uprising">Madeira uprising</a> in <a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – Municipal elections in Spain, which are treated as a virtual referendum on the monarchy, result in the triumph for the republican parties.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a> is proclaimed in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>. Meanwhile, as a result of the victory of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Left_of_Catalonia" title="Republican Left of Catalonia">Republican Left of Catalonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francesc_Maci%C3%A0" title="Francesc Macià">Francesc Macià</a> proclaims in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> the <a href="/wiki/Catalan_Republic_(1931)" title="Catalan Republic (1931)">Catalan Republic</a>, as a state of the Iberian Federation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – Assassination of Giuseppe (Joe the Boss) Masseria, New York City Mafia boss.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – After the negotiations between the republican ministers of Spain and Catalonia, the Catalan Republic becomes the <a href="/wiki/Generalitat_of_Catalonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Generalitat of Catalonia">Generalitat of Catalonia</a>, a Catalan autonomous government inside the Spanish Republic.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> recognize the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Spanish Republic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – The automobile manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a> is founded by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Porsche" title="Ferdinand Porsche">Ferdinand Porsche</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May">May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/May_1931" title="May 1931">May 1931</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manhattan_at_Dusk_by_slonecker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Manhattan_at_Dusk_by_slonecker.jpg/150px-Manhattan_at_Dusk_by_slonecker.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Manhattan_at_Dusk_by_slonecker.jpg/225px-Manhattan_at_Dusk_by_slonecker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Manhattan_at_Dusk_by_slonecker.jpg/301px-Manhattan_at_Dusk_by_slonecker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a>: <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a> is completed.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – Construction of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a> is completed in New York City.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemal Atatürk">Kemal Atatürk</a> is re-elected president of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a> forms a new government in Turkey (7th government).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">May 11</a> – The <i><a href="/wiki/Creditanstalt" title="Creditanstalt">Creditanstalt</a></i>, Austria's largest bank, goes bankrupt, beginning the banking collapse in Central Europe that causes a worldwide financial meltdown.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Doumer" title="Paul Doumer">Paul Doumer</a> is elected president of France.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%85dalen_shootings" title="Ådalen shootings">Ådalen shootings</a>: Five people are killed in <a href="/wiki/%C3%85dalen" title="Ådalen">Ådalen</a>, Sweden, when soldiers open fire on an unarmed trade union demonstration.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> <ul><li>The Chinese Communists inflict a sharp defeat on the Kuomintang forces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a> issues the <a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">encyclical</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Quadragesimo_anno" title="Quadragesimo anno">Quadragesimo anno</a></i>, on the "reconstruction of the social order".</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> – The Second Encirclement Campaign against Jiangxi Soviet ends in the defeat of the Kuomintang.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June">June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/June_1931" title="June 1931">June 1931</a></div> <ul><li>June–November – <a href="/wiki/1931_China_flood" class="mw-redirect" title="1931 China flood">1931 China flood</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huai_River" title="Huai River">Huai Rivers</a> flood in a populous region, leaving an estimated 422,000 dead (150,000 drowned) with many more dying of consequential starvation and disease in the aftermath.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> <ul><li>German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Br%C3%BCning" title="Heinrich Brüning">Heinrich Brüning</a> visits London, where he warns British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a> that the collapse of the Austrian banking system, caused by the bankruptcy of the <i>Creditanstalt</i>, has left the entire German banking system on the verge of collapse.</li> <li>Anti-Chinese rioting occurs in <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a>. Approximately 127 Chinese people are killed, 393 wounded, and a considerable number of properties are destroyed by Korean residents.<sup id="cite_ref-Wanpaoshan_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wanpaoshan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Saint-Philibert_disaster" title="Saint-Philibert disaster">Saint-Philibert disaster</a>: The overloaded pleasure craft <i>Saint-Philibert</i>, carrying trippers home to Nantes from the Île de Noirmoutier, sinks at the mouth of the River <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a> in France; over 450 drown.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">June 19</a> <ul><li>In an attempt to stop the banking crisis in Central Europe from causing a worldwide financial meltdown, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> issues the <a href="/wiki/Hoover_Moratorium" title="Hoover Moratorium">Hoover Moratorium</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Convention_on_Prisoners_of_War_(1929)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War (1929)">Geneva Convention (1929)</a> relative to the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of war">prisoners of war</a> enters into force.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a>–<a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wiley_Post" title="Wiley Post">Wiley Post</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Gatty" title="Harold Gatty">Harold Gatty</a> accomplish the first round-the-world flight in a single-engine plane, flying eastabout from <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Field_(airport)" title="Roosevelt Field (airport)">Roosevelt Field</a>, New York, in 8 days, 15 hours, 51 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July">July</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/July_1931" title="July 1931">July 1931</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – The rebuilt <a href="/wiki/Milano_Centrale_railway_station" title="Milano Centrale railway station">Milano Centrale railway station</a> officially opens in Italy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – Irish racing driver <a href="/wiki/Kaye_Don" title="Kaye Don">Kaye Don</a> breaks the world <a href="/wiki/Water_speed_record" title="Water speed record">water speed record</a> at Lake Garda, Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – Norway issues a royal proclamation claiming the uninhabited part of eastern <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> as <a href="/wiki/Erik_the_Red%27s_Land" title="Erik the Red's Land">Erik the Red's Land</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – Royal soldiers shoot and kill 22 people demonstrating against the <a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">Maharaja</a> <a href="/wiki/Hari_Singh" title="Hari Singh">Hari Singh</a>, of the Indian princely state of <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_and_Jammu_(princely_state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmir and Jammu (princely state)">Kashmir and Jammu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> signs the first <a href="/wiki/1931_Constitution_of_Ethiopia" title="1931 Constitution of Ethiopia">Constitution of Ethiopia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – A violent tornado strikes the city of <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August">August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/August_1931" title="August 1931">August 1931</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Paul_Anlauf_and_Franz_Lenck" title="Murder of Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck">Murder of Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck</a>: Two <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> police officers are killed by Communists.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – A referendum in <a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Prussia" title="Free State of Prussia">Prussia</a> for dissolving the <i>Landtag</i> ends with the "yes" side winning 37% of the vote, which is insufficient for calling the early elections. The elections are intended to remove the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a> (SPD) government of <a href="/wiki/Otto_Braun" title="Otto Braun">Otto Braun</a>, which is one of the strongest forces for democracy in Germany. Supporting the "yes" side were the <a href="/wiki/NSDAP" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP">NSDAP</a>, the <a href="/wiki/DNVP" class="mw-redirect" title="DNVP">DNVP</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Germany" title="Communist Party of Germany">Communist Party</a> (KPD), while supporting the "no" side were the SPD and <i><a href="/wiki/Zentrumspartei" class="mw-redirect" title="Zentrumspartei">Zentrum</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> Government of <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a> resigns in Britain, replaced by a <a href="/wiki/National_Government_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Government (United Kingdom)">National Government</a> of people drawn from all parties, also under MacDonald.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September">September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/September_1931" title="September 1931">September 1931</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:J%C4%ADuy%C4%ABb%C4%81_L%C3%ACsh%C4%AD_B%C3%B3w%C3%B9gu%C4%83n%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%BB%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8106997.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/J%C4%ADuy%C4%ABb%C4%81_L%C3%ACsh%C4%AD_B%C3%B3w%C3%B9gu%C4%83n%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%BB%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8106997.JPG/230px-J%C4%ADuy%C4%ABb%C4%81_L%C3%ACsh%C4%AD_B%C3%B3w%C3%B9gu%C4%83n%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%BB%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8106997.JPG" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/J%C4%ADuy%C4%ABb%C4%81_L%C3%ACsh%C4%AD_B%C3%B3w%C3%B9gu%C4%83n%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%BB%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8106997.JPG/345px-J%C4%ADuy%C4%ABb%C4%81_L%C3%ACsh%C4%AD_B%C3%B3w%C3%B9gu%C4%83n%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%BB%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8106997.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/J%C4%ADuy%C4%ABb%C4%81_L%C3%ACsh%C4%AD_B%C3%B3w%C3%B9gu%C4%83n%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%BB%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8106997.JPG/460px-J%C4%ADuy%C4%ABb%C4%81_L%C3%ACsh%C4%AD_B%C3%B3w%C3%B9gu%C4%83n%E4%B9%9D%E3%83%BB%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8106997.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Mukden_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden Incident">Mukden Incident</a>: Incident Museum in <a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Round_Table_Conferences_(India)#Second_Round_Table_Conference_(September_1931_–_December_1931)" title="Round Table Conferences (India)">Second Round Table Conference</a> on the constitutional future of India opens in London; <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> represents the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – The worst <a href="/wiki/1931_Belize_hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="1931 Belize hurricane">hurricane</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">British Honduras</a> history kills an estimated 1,500.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – The Japanese military stages the <a href="/wiki/Mukden_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden Incident">Mukden Incident</a>, an explosion blamed on Chinese dissidents and used as a pretext for the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Japanese invasion of Manchuria">Japanese invasion of Manchuria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">September 19</a> – The United Kingdom abandons the <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold standard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – With a gun literally pointed to his head, the Chinese commander of <a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Kirin</a> province announces the annexation of that territory to Japan.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October">October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/October_1931" title="October 1931">October 1931</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> – American aviators <a href="/wiki/Clyde_Edward_Pangborn" class="mw-redirect" title="Clyde Edward Pangborn">Clyde Edward Pangborn</a> and Hugh Herndon, Jr., complete the first <a href="/wiki/Non-stop_flight" title="Non-stop flight">non-stop flight</a> across the Pacific Ocean, flying their plane, <i><a href="/wiki/Miss_Veedol" title="Miss Veedol">Miss Veedol</a></i>, from <a href="/wiki/Misawa,_Aomori" title="Misawa, Aomori">Misawa, Japan</a>, to <a href="/wiki/East_Wenatchee,_Washington" title="East Wenatchee, Washington">East Wenatchee, Washington</a>, in 41½ hours.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – A rally in Bad Harzburg, Germany leads to the <a href="/wiki/Harzburg_Front" title="Harzburg Front">Harzburg Front</a> being founded, uniting the NSDAP, the DNVP, the <i>Stahlhelm</i> and various other right-wing factions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – The <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge">George Washington Bridge</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> in the United States is dedicated; it opens to traffic the following day. At 3,500 feet (1,100 m), it nearly doubles the previous record for the <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_suspension_bridge_spans" title="List of longest suspension bridge spans">longest main span in the world</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1931_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1931 United Kingdom general election">United Kingdom general election</a> results in the victory of the <a href="/wiki/National_Government_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Government (United Kingdom)">National Government</a>, and the defeat of <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>, in the country's greatest ever electoral landslide.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November">November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/November_1931" title="November 1931">November 1931</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Soviet_Republic" title="Chinese Soviet Republic">Chinese Soviet Republic</a> is proclaimed by <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a>.</li> <li>Red China News Agency (a predecessor of the <a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a>) is officially founded, and news wire service start in <a href="/wiki/Ruijin" title="Ruijin">Ruijin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangxi Province">Jiangxi Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> <ul><li>French police launch a large-scale raid against <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsican</a> bandits.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> is closed for a couple of weeks, due to damage caused by earthquakes.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> – Heavy hydrogen, later named <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">deuterium</a>, is discovered by American chemist <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December">December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/December_1931" title="December 1931">December 1931</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – The original <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Christ_the_Saviour" title="Cathedral of Christ the Saviour">Cathedral of Christ the Saviour</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> (<a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a>) is dynamited, by order of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Goerdeler" title="Carl Friedrich Goerdeler">Carl Friedrich Goerdeler</a> is appointed Reich Price Commissioner, in Germany to enforce the deflationary policies of the Brüning government.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – The Spanish <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Cortes" title="Constituent Cortes">Constituent Cortes</a> approves the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1931" title="Spanish Constitution of 1931">Spanish Constitution of 1931</a>, effectively establishing the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Niceto_Alcal%C3%A1-Zamora" title="Niceto Alcalá-Zamora">Niceto Alcalá-Zamora</a> is elected president of the Spanish Republic.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> enacts the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_1931" title="Statute of Westminster 1931">Statute of Westminster</a>, which establishes a status of legislative equality between the self-governing dominions of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of Australia">Commonwealth of Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_Zealand" title="Dominion of New Zealand">Dominion of New Zealand</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wakatsuki_Reijir%C5%8D" title="Wakatsuki Reijirō">Wakatsuki Reijirō</a> resigns as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister of Japan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">December 19</a> – The <a href="/wiki/United_Australia_Party" title="United Australia Party">UAP</a>/<a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Australia" title="National Party of Australia">Country</a> <a href="/wiki/Coalition_(Australia)" title="Coalition (Australia)">Coalition</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lyons" title="Joseph Lyons">Joseph Lyons</a>, defeats the Australian <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor</a> <a href="/wiki/Scullin_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Scullin Ministry">Government</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Scullin" title="James Scullin">James Scullin</a>. Coming in the aftermath of two <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_split_of_1931" title="Australian Labor Party split of 1931">splits</a> in the Labor Party, the election comes about due to the defeat of the Scullin government on the floor of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> – to date, it is the last federal election where a one-term government was defeated. Lyons will be sworn in <a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6th</a> the following year, but not before disbanding the Coalition, after the UAP wins enough seats to form a government in its own right.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Births" style="margin: auto; text-align: center; display: inline-block;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Births </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#January_2">January</a> · <a href="#February_2">February</a> · <a href="#March_2">March</a> · <a href="#April_2">April</a> · <a href="#May_2">May</a> · <a href="#June_2">June</a> · <a href="#July_2">July</a> · <a href="#August_2">August</a> · <a href="#September_2">September</a> · <a href="#October_2">October</a> · <a href="#November_2">November</a> · <a href="#December_2">December</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January_2">January</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Duvall_2_by_David_Shankbone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Robert_Duvall_2_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/100px-Robert_Duvall_2_by_David_Shankbone.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Robert_Duvall_2_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/150px-Robert_Duvall_2_by_David_Shankbone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Robert_Duvall_2_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/200px-Robert_Duvall_2_by_David_Shankbone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1820" data-file-height="2356" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caterina_Valente_1966.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Caterina_Valente_1966.jpg/100px-Caterina_Valente_1966.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Caterina_Valente_1966.jpg/150px-Caterina_Valente_1966.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Caterina_Valente_1966.jpg/200px-Caterina_Valente_1966.jpg 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="435" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Caterina_Valente" title="Caterina Valente">Caterina Valente</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Earl_Jones_(8516667383).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/James_Earl_Jones_%288516667383%29.jpg/120px-James_Earl_Jones_%288516667383%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/James_Earl_Jones_%288516667383%29.jpg/250px-James_Earl_Jones_%288516667383%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sam_Cooke_billboard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Sam_Cooke_billboard.jpg/100px-Sam_Cooke_billboard.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Sam_Cooke_billboard.jpg/150px-Sam_Cooke_billboard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Sam_Cooke_billboard.jpg/200px-Sam_Cooke_billboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="754" data-file-height="855" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sam_Cooke" title="Sam Cooke">Sam Cooke</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Hammond" title="Mona Hammond">Mona Hammond</a>, Jamaican-born British actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Samatar" title="Mohammad Ali Samatar">Mohammad Ali Samatar</a>, 5th Prime Minister of Somalia (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Toshiki_Kaifu" title="Toshiki Kaifu">Toshiki Kaifu</a>, Prime Minister of Japan (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Messina" title="Guido Messina">Guido Messina</a>, Italian road and track cyclist (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Deane" title="William Deane">William Deane</a>, 22nd Governor-General of Australia<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopa_Msuya" title="Cleopa Msuya">Cleopa Msuya</a>, 3rd Prime Minister of Tanzania<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Ailey" title="Alvin Ailey">Alvin Ailey</a>, American choreographer (d. <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Brendel" title="Alfred Brendel">Alfred Brendel</a>, Austrian pianist<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a>, American actor and director<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Peterson_(ice_hockey)" title="Dave Peterson (ice hockey)">Dave Peterson</a>, American ice hockey coach (d. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/E._L._Doctorow" title="E. L. Doctorow">E. L. Doctorow</a>, American author (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bill_Graham_(promoter)" title="Bill Graham (promoter)">Bill Graham</a>, German concert promoter (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nik_Abdul_Aziz_Nik_Mat" title="Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat">Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat</a>, Malaysian politician, Muslim cleric (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roland_Alphonso" title="Roland Alphonso">Roland Alphonso</a>, Jamaican musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Caterina_Valente" title="Caterina Valente">Caterina Valente</a>, French singer and actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuhrat_Abbosov" title="Shuhrat Abbosov">Shuhrat Abbosov</a>, Uzbek actor, film director, screenwriter, and film producer (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Rau" title="Johannes Rau">Johannes Rau</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">President of Germany</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a>, African-American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Lee_(physicist)" title="David Lee (physicist)">David Lee</a>, American physicist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sam_Cooke" title="Sam Cooke">Sam Cooke</a>, African-American singer (d. <a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lars_H%C3%B6rmander" title="Lars Hörmander">Lars Hörmander</a>, Swedish mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dean_Jones_(actor)" title="Dean Jones (actor)">Dean Jones</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mordecai_Richler" title="Mordecai Richler">Mordecai Richler</a>, Canadian author (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lucia_Bos%C3%A8" title="Lucia Bosè">Lucia Bosè</a>, Italian actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_M%C3%A1dl" title="Ferenc Mádl">Ferenc Mádl</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Hungary" title="President of Hungary">President of Hungary</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February_2">February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD-1.jpg/100px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD-1.jpg/150px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD-1.jpg/200px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dries_van_Agt,_2011_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Dries_van_Agt%2C_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Dries_van_Agt%2C_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Dries_van_Agt%2C_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Dries_van_Agt%2C_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Dries_van_Agt%2C_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Dries_van_Agt%2C_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="771" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dries_van_Agt" title="Dries van Agt">Dries van Agt</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isabel_peron_banda_presidencial_y_bast%C3%B3n.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Isabel_peron_banda_presidencial_y_bast%C3%B3n.png/120px-Isabel_peron_banda_presidencial_y_bast%C3%B3n.png" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Isabel_peron_banda_presidencial_y_bast%C3%B3n.png/250px-Isabel_peron_banda_presidencial_y_bast%C3%B3n.png 1.5x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="942" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Per%C3%B3n" title="Isabel Perón">Isabel Perón</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Dean_in_Rebel_Without_a_Cause.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/James_Dean_in_Rebel_Without_a_Cause.jpg/100px-James_Dean_in_Rebel_Without_a_Cause.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/James_Dean_in_Rebel_Without_a_Cause.jpg/150px-James_Dean_in_Rebel_Without_a_Cause.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/James_Dean_in_Rebel_Without_a_Cause.jpg/200px-James_Dean_in_Rebel_Without_a_Cause.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="777" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Dean" title="James Dean">James Dean</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a>, 1st <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President of Russia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Oberhuber" title="Oswald Oberhuber">Oswald Oberhuber</a>, Austrian painter, sculptor, and graphic artist (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dries_van_Agt" title="Dries van Agt">Dries van Agt</a>, Dutch politician, 46th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister of the Netherlands</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Burkert" title="Walter Burkert">Walter Burkert</a>, German writer (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Per%C3%B3n" title="Isabel Perón">Isabel Perón</a>, 41st <a href="/wiki/President_of_Argentina" title="President of Argentina">President of Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rip_Torn" title="Rip Torn">Rip Torn</a>, American actor and comedian (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamie_Van_Doren" title="Mamie Van Doren">Mamie Van Doren</a>, American actress and writer<sup id="cite_ref-Census1940_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1940-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Vidal" title="Ricardo Vidal">Ricardo Vidal</a>, Filipino Roman Catholic prelate, cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Dean" title="James Dean">James Dean</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadia" title="Shadia">Shadia</a>, Egyptian actress, singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bernhard" title="Thomas Bernhard">Thomas Bernhard</a>, Austrian author (d. <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Masopust" title="Josef Masopust">Josef Masopust</a>, Czech football player and coach (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_Garc%C3%ADa-Gasco_Vicente" title="Agustín García-Gasco Vicente">Agustín García-Gasco Vicente</a>, Spanish cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Jan_Heijn" title="Gerrit Jan Heijn">Gerrit Jan Heijn</a>, Dutch businessman (d. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claire_Bloom" title="Claire Bloom">Claire Bloom</a>, English actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a>, African-American writer, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Ruini" title="Camillo Ruini">Camillo Ruini</a>, Italian cardinal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Milnor" title="John Milnor">John Milnor</a>, American mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Linda_Cristal" title="Linda Cristal">Linda Cristal</a>, Argentine actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Tewson" title="Josephine Tewson">Josephine Tewson</a>, British actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March_2">March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RIAN_archive_850809_General_Secretary_of_the_CPSU_CC_M._Gorbachev_(close-up).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/RIAN_archive_850809_General_Secretary_of_the_CPSU_CC_M._Gorbachev_%28close-up%29.jpg/100px-RIAN_archive_850809_General_Secretary_of_the_CPSU_CC_M._Gorbachev_%28close-up%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/RIAN_archive_850809_General_Secretary_of_the_CPSU_CC_M._Gorbachev_%28close-up%29.jpg/150px-RIAN_archive_850809_General_Secretary_of_the_CPSU_CC_M._Gorbachev_%28close-up%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/RIAN_archive_850809_General_Secretary_of_the_CPSU_CC_M._Gorbachev_%28close-up%29.jpg/200px-RIAN_archive_850809_General_Secretary_of_the_CPSU_CC_M._Gorbachev_%28close-up%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chun_Doo-hwan_1983_(cropped).JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Chun_Doo-hwan_1983_%28cropped%29.JPEG/100px-Chun_Doo-hwan_1983_%28cropped%29.JPEG" decoding="async" width="100" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Chun_Doo-hwan_1983_%28cropped%29.JPEG/150px-Chun_Doo-hwan_1983_%28cropped%29.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Chun_Doo-hwan_1983_%28cropped%29.JPEG/200px-Chun_Doo-hwan_1983_%28cropped%29.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chun_Doo-hwan" title="Chun Doo-hwan">Chun Doo-hwan</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le%C3%B3n_Febres_Cordero.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Le%C3%B3n_Febres_Cordero.jpg/120px-Le%C3%B3n_Febres_Cordero.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Le%C3%B3n_Febres_Cordero.jpg/250px-Le%C3%B3n_Febres_Cordero.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2013" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_Febres_Cordero" title="León Febres Cordero">León Febres Cordero</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rupert_Murdoch_-_Flickr_-_Eva_Rinaldi_Celebrity_and_Live_Music_Photographer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Rupert_Murdoch_-_Flickr_-_Eva_Rinaldi_Celebrity_and_Live_Music_Photographer.jpg/100px-Rupert_Murdoch_-_Flickr_-_Eva_Rinaldi_Celebrity_and_Live_Music_Photographer.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Rupert_Murdoch_-_Flickr_-_Eva_Rinaldi_Celebrity_and_Live_Music_Photographer.jpg/150px-Rupert_Murdoch_-_Flickr_-_Eva_Rinaldi_Celebrity_and_Live_Music_Photographer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Rupert_Murdoch_-_Flickr_-_Eva_Rinaldi_Celebrity_and_Live_Music_Photographer.jpg/200px-Rupert_Murdoch_-_Flickr_-_Eva_Rinaldi_Celebrity_and_Live_Music_Photographer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="1351" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch" title="Rupert Murdoch">Rupert Murdoch</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Shatner_Photo_Op_GalaxyCon_Richmond_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/William_Shatner_Photo_Op_GalaxyCon_Richmond_2020.jpg/100px-William_Shatner_Photo_Op_GalaxyCon_Richmond_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/William_Shatner_Photo_Op_GalaxyCon_Richmond_2020.jpg/150px-William_Shatner_Photo_Op_GalaxyCon_Richmond_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/William_Shatner_Photo_Op_GalaxyCon_Richmond_2020.jpg/200px-William_Shatner_Photo_Op_GalaxyCon_Richmond_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1054" data-file-height="1452" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Shatner" title="William Shatner">William Shatner</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leonard_Nimoy_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Leonard_Nimoy_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/100px-Leonard_Nimoy_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Leonard_Nimoy_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/150px-Leonard_Nimoy_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Leonard_Nimoy_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/200px-Leonard_Nimoy_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2260" data-file-height="2956" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Nimoy" title="Leonard Nimoy">Leonard Nimoy</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lamberto_Dini" title="Lamberto Dini">Lamberto Dini</a>, Italian politician, economist and 51st <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a>, the 8th and final <a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of leaders of the Soviet Union">leader</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Keeler" title="William H. Keeler">William H. Keeler</a>, American Roman Catholic prelate (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Rivlin" title="Alice Rivlin">Alice Rivlin</a>, American economist (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barry_Tuckwell" title="Barry Tuckwell">Barry Tuckwell</a>, Australian horn player (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chun_Doo-hwan" title="Chun Doo-hwan">Chun Doo-hwan</a>, 5th <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Korea" title="President of South Korea">President of South Korea</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman">Neil Postman</a>, American media theorist and cultural critic (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">March 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_Febres_Cordero" title="León Febres Cordero">León Febres Cordero</a>, President of Ecuador (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kovambo_Nujoma" title="Kovambo Nujoma">Kovambo Nujoma</a>, First Lady of Namibia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janosch" title="Janosch">Janosch</a>, German children's author and illustrator<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch" title="Rupert Murdoch">Rupert Murdoch</a>, Australian-born publisher</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lisbet_Palme" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisbet Palme">Lisbet Palme</a>, Swedish child psychologist (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/D._J._Fontana" title="D. J. Fontana">D. J. Fontana</a>, American drummer (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Belgrave" title="Elliott Belgrave">Elliott Belgrave</a>, 7th <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Barbados" title="Governor-General of Barbados">Governor-General of Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vlastimil_Bubn%C3%ADk" title="Vlastimil Bubník">Vlastimil Bubník</a>, Czech ice hockey and football player (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_22" title="March 22">March 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Burton Richter</a>, American physicist and recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shatner" title="William Shatner">William Shatner</a>, Canadian actor and science fiction novelist (<i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Nimoy" title="Leonard Nimoy">Leonard Nimoy</a>, American actor, film director (<i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i>), and singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Janssen" title="David Janssen">David Janssen</a>, American actor (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Fugitive_(1963_TV_series)" title="The Fugitive (1963 TV series)">The Fugitive</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Lein" title="Anatoly Lein">Anatoly Lein</a>, Russian-born American chess Grandmaster (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Gubarev" title="Aleksei Gubarev">Aleksei Gubarev</a>, Russian cosmonaut (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April_2">April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ita_Ever" title="Ita Ever">Ita Ever</a>, Estonian actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Hochhuth" title="Rolf Hochhuth">Rolf Hochhuth</a>, German dramatist (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Honorat" title="Jean-Jacques Honorat">Jean-Jacques Honorat</a>, 3rd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Haiti" title="Prime Minister of Haiti">Prime Minister of Haiti</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Joffo" title="Joseph Joffo">Joseph Joffo</a>, French author (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Tizard" title="Catherine Tizard">Catherine Tizard</a>, 16th <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor-General of New Zealand</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Olivera_(film_director)" title="Héctor Olivera (film director)">Héctor Olivera</a>, Argentine film director, producer and screenwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suchitra_Sen" title="Suchitra Sen">Suchitra Sen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali people">Bengali</a> actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radomil_Eli%C5%A1ka" title="Radomil Eliška">Radomil Eliška</a>, Czech conductor (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ellsberg" title="Daniel Ellsberg">Daniel Ellsberg</a>, American whistleblower (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Gavin" title="John Gavin">John Gavin</a>, American actor and diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Cabral" title="Luís Cabral">Luis Cabral</a>, 1st <a href="/wiki/President_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Guinea-Bissau">President of Guinea-Bissau</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Da%C4%9F%C4%B1stanl%C4%B1" title="Mustafa Dağıstanlı">Mustafa Dağıstanlı</a>, Turkish free-style wrestler (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelly_Kaplan" title="Nelly Kaplan">Nelly Kaplan</a>, Argentine-born French movie director and screenwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dan_Gurney" title="Dan Gurney">Dan Gurney</a>, American race car driver (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Maksagak" title="Helen Maksagak">Helen Maksagak</a>, Canadian, first <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuk</a> and woman to be Commissioner of both the Northwest Territories and Nunavut (d. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomas_Transtr%C3%B6mer" title="Tomas Tranströmer">Tomas Tranströmer</a>, Swedish poet, translator and recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Klas_Lestander" title="Klas Lestander">Klas Lestander</a>, Swedish biathlete and Olympic champion (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kobie_Coetsee" title="Kobie Coetsee">Kobie Coetsee</a>, South African politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Cain_(41st_Premier_of_Victoria)" title="John Cain (41st Premier of Victoria)">John Cain</a>, Australian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Igor_Oistrakh" title="Igor Oistrakh">Igor Oistrakh</a>, Soviet and Russian violinist (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Auerbach" title="Frank Auerbach">Frank Auerbach</a>, German-born painter (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonnie_Donegan" title="Lonnie Donegan">Lonnie Donegan</a>, Scottish musician (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May_2">May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Willie_Mays_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Willie_Mays_cropped.jpg/120px-Willie_Mays_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Willie_Mays_cropped.jpg/250px-Willie_Mays_cropped.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Willie_Mays" title="Willie Mays">Willie Mays</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Faten_Hamama_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Faten_Hamama_1962.jpg/100px-Faten_Hamama_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Faten_Hamama_1962.jpg/150px-Faten_Hamama_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Faten_Hamama_1962.jpg/200px-Faten_Hamama_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1151" data-file-height="1740" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Faten_Hamama" title="Faten Hamama">Faten Hamama</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carroll_Baker_headshot_for_Station_Six-Sahara_1962.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Carroll_Baker_headshot_for_Station_Six-Sahara_1962.png/100px-Carroll_Baker_headshot_for_Station_Six-Sahara_1962.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Carroll_Baker_headshot_for_Station_Six-Sahara_1962.png/150px-Carroll_Baker_headshot_for_Station_Six-Sahara_1962.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Carroll_Baker_headshot_for_Station_Six-Sahara_1962.png/200px-Carroll_Baker_headshot_for_Station_Six-Sahara_1962.png 2x" data-file-width="699" data-file-height="902" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carroll_Baker" title="Carroll Baker">Carroll Baker</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chaudhry_Ghulam_Rasool" title="Chaudhry Ghulam Rasool">Chaudhry Ghulam Rasool</a>, Pakistani educationist (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">May 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Rossi" title="Aldo Rossi">Aldo Rossi</a>, Italian architect and designer (d. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirokazu_Kanazawa" title="Hirokazu Kanazawa">Hirokazu Kanazawa</a>, Japanese karate practitioner and teacher (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magda_el-Sabahi" title="Magda el-Sabahi">Magda el-Sabahi</a>, Egyptian actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Mays" title="Willie Mays">Willie Mays</a>, African-American baseball player (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Brewer" title="Teresa Brewer">Teresa Brewer</a>, American pop, jazz singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marta_Terry_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Marta Terry González">Marta Terry González</a>, Cuban librarian (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Wolfe" title="Gene Wolfe">Gene Wolfe</a>, American science fiction and fantasy writer (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/M._Chidananda_Murthy" title="M. Chidananda Murthy">M. Chidananda Murthy</a>, Indian historian (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A1s_Hajnal" title="András Hajnal">András Hajnal</a>, Hungarian mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jones" title="Jim Jones">Jim Jones</a>, American People's Temple cult leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1978" title="1978">1978</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Petr" title="Jiří Petr">Jiří Petr</a>, Czech university president (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Fitz-Allen_Mitchell" title="James Fitz-Allen Mitchell">James Fitz-Allen Mitchell</a>, 2nd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Magda_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Magda Guzmán">Magda Guzmán</a>, Mexican actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Quirino-Gonzalez" title="Victoria Quirino-Gonzalez">Victoria Quirino-Gonzalez</a>, First Lady of the Philippines (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Vassiliou" title="George Vassiliou">George Vassiliou</a>, 3rd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">President of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bombolo" title="Bombolo">Bombolo</a>, Italian character actor and comedian (d. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georgy_Grechko" title="Georgy Grechko">Georgy Grechko</a>, Russian cosmonaut (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Faten_Hamama" title="Faten Hamama">Faten Hamama</a>, Egyptian actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carroll_Baker" title="Carroll Baker">Carroll Baker</a>, American actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">John Schrieffer</a>, American physicist and <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Verrett" title="Shirley Verrett">Shirley Verrett</a>, American mezzo-soprano (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June_2">June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raul-castro-2015_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Raul-castro-2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Raul-castro-2015_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Raul-castro-2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Raul-castro-2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Raul-castro-2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Raul-castro-2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="615" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Castro" title="Raúl Castro">Raúl Castro</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto.jpg/100px-Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto.jpg/150px-Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto.jpg/200px-Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto" title="João Gilberto">João Gilberto</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marla_Gibbs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Marla_Gibbs.jpg/100px-Marla_Gibbs.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Marla_Gibbs.jpg/150px-Marla_Gibbs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Marla_Gibbs.jpg/200px-Marla_Gibbs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2529" data-file-height="2175" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marla_Gibbs" title="Marla Gibbs">Marla Gibbs</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fernando_Henrique_Cardoso_(1999).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Fernando_Henrique_Cardoso_%281999%29.jpg/120px-Fernando_Henrique_Cardoso_%281999%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Fernando_Henrique_Cardoso_%281999%29.jpg/250px-Fernando_Henrique_Cardoso_%281999%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Henrique_Cardoso" title="Fernando Henrique Cardoso">Fernando Henrique Cardoso</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympia_Dukakis_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Olympia_Dukakis_2019.jpg/100px-Olympia_Dukakis_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Olympia_Dukakis_2019.jpg/150px-Olympia_Dukakis_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Olympia_Dukakis_2019.jpg/200px-Olympia_Dukakis_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="3363" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Olympia_Dukakis" title="Olympia Dukakis">Olympia Dukakis</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Tsaryov" title="Viktor Tsaryov">Viktor Tsaryov</a>, Russian footballer (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Castro" title="Raúl Castro">Raúl Castro</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Cuba" title="First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba">First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindy_Remigino" title="Lindy Remigino">Lindy Remigino</a>, American Olympic athlete (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/D._M._Jayaratne" title="D. M. Jayaratne">D. M. Jayaratne</a>, Sri Lankan politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dana_Wynter" title="Dana Wynter">Dana Wynter</a>, German-born American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto" title="João Gilberto">João Gilberto</a>, Brazilian singer-songwriter and guitarist, pioneer of <a href="/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova">bossa nova</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marla_Gibbs" title="Marla Gibbs">Marla Gibbs</a>, African-American actress, comedian and singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Walker" title="Junior Walker">Junior Walker</a>, American saxophonist, singer (d. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Petri%C4%87" title="Ivo Petrić">Ivo Petrić</a>, Slovenian composer (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Baldessari" title="John Baldessari">John Baldessari</a>, American conceptual artist (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Henrique_Cardoso" title="Fernando Henrique Cardoso">Fernando Henrique Cardoso</a>, 34th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Brazil" title="President of Brazil">President of Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympia_Dukakis" title="Olympia Dukakis">Olympia Dukakis</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Nordheim" title="Arne Nordheim">Arne Nordheim</a>, Norwegian composer (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ian_Browne_(cyclist)" title="Ian Browne (cyclist)">Ian Browne</a>, Australian track cyclist (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ola_Ullsten" title="Ola Ullsten">Ola Ullsten</a>, Swedish politician and diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Casper" title="Billy Casper">Billy Casper</a>, American golfer (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Flosse" title="Gaston Flosse">Gaston Flosse</a>, French Polynesian politician</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Colin_Wilson" title="Colin Wilson">Colin Wilson</a>, British novelist and philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graziella_Galvani" title="Graziella Galvani">Graziella Galvani</a>, Italian stage, television and film actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Martinus J. G. Veltman</a>, Dutch physicist and recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Alfredson" title="Hans Alfredson">Hans Alfredson</a>, Swedish actor, film director, writer and comedian (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Glusker" title="Jenny Glusker">Jenny Glusker</a>, British biochemist and crystallographer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alina_Obidniak" title="Alina Obidniak">Alina Obidniak</a>, Polish actress and theatre director (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gerda_Herrmann" title="Gerda Herrmann">Gerda Herrmann</a>, German composer and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_2">July</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leslie_Caron-publicity.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Leslie_Caron-publicity.JPG/120px-Leslie_Caron-publicity.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Leslie_Caron-publicity.JPG/250px-Leslie_Caron-publicity.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="1264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Caron" title="Leslie Caron">Leslie Caron</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seyni_Kountche_1983_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Seyni_Kountche_1983_cropped.jpg/100px-Seyni_Kountche_1983_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Seyni_Kountche_1983_cropped.jpg/150px-Seyni_Kountche_1983_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Seyni_Kountche_1983_cropped.jpg/200px-Seyni_Kountche_1983_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="611" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Seyni_Kountch%C3%A9" title="Seyni Kountché">Seyni Kountché</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Caron" title="Leslie Caron">Leslie Caron</a>, French actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislav_Grof" title="Stanislav Grof">Stanislav Grof</a>, Czech psychiatrist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyni_Kountch%C3%A9" title="Seyni Kountché">Seyni Kountché</a>, former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Niger" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Niger">President of Niger</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Boyd" title="Stephen Boyd">Stephen Boyd</a>, Irish actor (<i><a href="/wiki/Ben-Hur_(1959_film)" title="Ben-Hur (1959 film)">Ben-Hur</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Mahomed" title="Ismail Mahomed">Ismail Mahomed</a>, South African, Namibian <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Justice">Chief Justice</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonella_Lualdi" title="Antonella Lualdi">Antonella Lualdi</a>, Italian actress and singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Della_Reese" title="Della Reese">Della Reese</a>, African-American actress, singer and evangelist (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Chang" title="Morris Chang">Morris Chang</a>, Chairman of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Ltd. (TSMC) in <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Herman" title="Jerry Herman">Jerry Herman</a>, American composer, lyricist (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Munro" title="Alice Munro">Alice Munro</a>, Canadian writer, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stephens" title="Robert Stephens">Robert Stephens</a>, English actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Cussler" title="Clive Cussler">Clive Cussler</a>, American thriller writer and underwater explorer (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Louw" title="Gene Louw">Gene Louw</a>, South African politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guido_de_Marco" title="Guido de Marco">Guido de Marco</a>, Maltese politician, 6th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Malta" title="President of Malta">President of Malta</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Te_Atairangikaahu" title="Te Atairangikaahu">Te Arikinui Dame Te Atairangikaahu</a>, Māori queen (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arata_Isozaki" title="Arata Isozaki">Arata Isozaki</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">architecter</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Danblon" title="Paul Danblon">Paul Danblon</a>, Belgian composer, opera director, administrator and journalist (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Darryl_Hickman" title="Darryl Hickman">Darryl Hickman</a>, American actor, screenwriter, television executive, and acting coach (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_2">August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_King_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Don_King_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/100px-Don_King_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Don_King_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/150px-Don_King_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Don_King_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/200px-Don_King_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2451" data-file-height="3282" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Don_King_(boxing_promoter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Don King (boxing promoter)">Don King</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_Ball_2013_-_magenta_carpet_Barbara_Eden_01_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Life_Ball_2013_-_magenta_carpet_Barbara_Eden_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Life_Ball_2013_-_magenta_carpet_Barbara_Eden_01_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Life_Ball_2013_-_magenta_carpet_Barbara_Eden_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Life_Ball_2013_-_magenta_carpet_Barbara_Eden_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Life_Ball_2013_-_magenta_carpet_Barbara_Eden_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Life_Ball_2013_-_magenta_carpet_Barbara_Eden_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Eden" title="Barbara Eden">Barbara Eden</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dino_da_Costa" title="Dino da Costa">Dino da Costa</a>, Italian footballer (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Connolly" title="Hal Connolly">Hal Connolly</a>, American athlete (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Maria_Kubitschek" title="Ruth Maria Kubitschek">Ruth Maria Kubitschek</a>, German actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Trusenyov" title="Vladimir Trusenyov">Vladimir Trusenyov</a>, Russian discus thrower (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mohammad-Reza_Mahdavi_Kani" title="Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani">Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani</a>, Iranian cleric, writer and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Roger Penrose</a>, English mathematical physicist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize</a> laureate<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rio_Zagallo" title="Mário Zagallo">Mário Zagallo</a>, Brazilian football player, manager (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Goldman" title="William Goldman">William Goldman</a>, American author (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talal_bin_Abdulaziz_Al_Saud" title="Talal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud">Talal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud</a>, Saudi prince and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Richard F. Heck</a>, American chemist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Harold_Bernard_St._John" title="Harold Bernard St. John">Harold Bernard St. John</a>, 3rd Prime Minister of Barbados (d. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hans_van_Mierlo" title="Hans van Mierlo">Hans van Mierlo</a>, Dutch politician, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Deputy Prime Minister</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Willie_Shoemaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Willie Shoemaker">Willie Shoemaker</a>, American jockey (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Don_King_(boxing_promoter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Don King (boxing promoter)">Don King</a>, American boxing promoter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Eden" title="Barbara Eden">Barbara Eden</a>, American actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_O._Smith" title="Hamilton O. Smith">Hamilton O. Smith</a>, American microbiologist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Chinmoy" title="Sri Chinmoy">Sri Chinmoy</a>, Bengali spiritual teacher, poet, artist and athlete who immigrated to the U.S. in <a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_James" title="Clarence James">Clarence James</a>, Bermudian surgeon, politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shunichiro_Okano" title="Shunichiro Okano">Shunichiro Okano</a>, Japanese football player and manager (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Braunstein" title="Jacques Braunstein">Jacques Braunstein</a>, Romanian-born Venezuelan economist, publicist and disc jockey (d. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Swigert" title="Jack Swigert">Jack Swigert</a>, American astronaut (d. <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">August 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_B%C3%A9liveau" title="Jean Béliveau">Jean Béliveau</a>, Canadian ice hockey player (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September_2">September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Javier_Sol%C3%ADs_in_1966_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Javier_Sol%C3%ADs_in_1966_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Javier_Sol%C3%ADs_in_1966_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Javier_Sol%C3%ADs_in_1966_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Javier_Sol%C3%ADs_in_1966_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Javier_Sol%C3%ADs_in_1966_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Javier_Sol%C3%ADs_in_1966_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="1145" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Javier_Sol%C3%ADs" title="Javier Solís">Javier Solís</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silvia_Pinal_in_Maribel_y_la_extra%C3%B1a_familia_(1960)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Silvia_Pinal_in_Maribel_y_la_extra%C3%B1a_familia_%281960%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Silvia_Pinal_in_Maribel_y_la_extra%C3%B1a_familia_%281960%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Silvia_Pinal_in_Maribel_y_la_extra%C3%B1a_familia_%281960%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Silvia_Pinal_in_Maribel_y_la_extra%C3%B1a_familia_%281960%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Silvia_Pinal_in_Maribel_y_la_extra%C3%B1a_familia_%281960%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Silvia_Pinal_in_Maribel_y_la_extra%C3%B1a_familia_%281960%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="893" data-file-height="1273" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Silvia_Pinal" title="Silvia Pinal">Silvia Pinal</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Larry_Hagman_2011_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Larry_Hagman_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Larry_Hagman_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Larry_Hagman_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Larry_Hagman_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1703" data-file-height="1951" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Larry_Hagman" title="Larry Hagman">Larry Hagman</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Latinovits" title="Zoltán Latinovits">Zoltán Latinovits</a>, Hungarian actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paulo_Maluf" title="Paulo Maluf">Paulo Maluf</a>, Brazilian politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Sol%C3%ADs" title="Javier Solís">Javier Solís</a>, Mexican singer and actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitzi_Gaynor" title="Mitzi Gaynor">Mitzi Gaynor</a>, American actress, singer and dancer (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mosh%C3%A9_Mizrahi" title="Moshé Mizrahi">Moshé Mizrahi</a>, Israeli film director (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Idelisa_Bonnelly" title="Idelisa Bonnelly">Idelisa Bonnelly</a>, Dominican marine biologist (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Holm" title="Ian Holm">Ian Holm</a>, British actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a>, American country music singer, songwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvia_Pinal" title="Silvia Pinal">Silvia Pinal</a>, Mexican actress and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-official_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bain" title="Barbara Bain">Barbara Bain</a>, American actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/E._C._George_Sudarshan" title="E. C. George Sudarshan">E. C. George Sudarshan</a>, Indian theoretical physicist (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Lalla_Aicha_of_Morocco" title="Princess Lalla Aicha of Morocco">Princess Lalla Aicha of Morocco</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Bancroft" title="Anne Bancroft">Anne Bancroft</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">September 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Brook_Benton" title="Brook Benton">Brook Benton</a>, American singer-songwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Hagman" title="Larry Hagman">Larry Hagman</a>, American actor and director (d. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Syukuro Manabe</a>, Japanese meteorologist, climatologist and Nobel Prize laureate<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulias_Matane" title="Paulias Matane">Paulias Matane</a>, 8th <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Governor-General of Papua New Guinea">Governor-General of Papua New Guinea</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fay_Weldon" title="Fay Weldon">Fay Weldon</a>, British author (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Adams_(politician)" title="Tom Adams (politician)">Tom Adams</a>, 2nd Prime Minister of Barbados (d. <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackadder" title="Elizabeth Blackadder">Elizabeth Blackadder</a>, Scottish painter (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Freddy_Quinn" title="Freddy Quinn">Freddy Quinn</a>, Austrian singer, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">James Cronin</a>, American nuclear physicist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Ekberg" title="Anita Ekberg">Anita Ekberg</a>, Swedish actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Angie_Dickinson" title="Angie Dickinson">Angie Dickinson</a>, American actress</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October_2">October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Desmond_Tutu,_1986_Jan_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Desmond_Tutu%2C_1986_Jan_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Desmond_Tutu%2C_1986_Jan_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Desmond_Tutu%2C_1986_Jan_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Desmond_Tutu%2C_1986_Jan_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Desmond_Tutu%2C_1986_Jan_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Desmond_Tutu%2C_1986_Jan_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="818" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam_in_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam_in_2008.jpg/100px-A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam_in_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam_in_2008.jpg/150px-A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam_in_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam_in_2008.jpg/200px-A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam_in_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1624" data-file-height="2165" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam" title="A. P. J. Abdul Kalam">A. P. J. Abdul Kalam</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Denise_Scott_Brown" title="Denise Scott Brown">Denise Scott Brown</a>, American architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a>, Italian-born astrophysicist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a>, South African Anglican archbishop, activist and recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Berry_(journalist)" title="Jack Berry (journalist)">Jack Berry</a>, American sports journalist</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Kopa" title="Raymond Kopa">Raymond Kopa</a>, French footballer (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam" title="A. P. J. Abdul Kalam">A. P. J. Abdul Kalam</a>, President of India (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Colson" title="Charles Colson">Charles Colson</a>, American politician, <a href="/wiki/Watergate" class="mw-redirect" title="Watergate">Watergate</a> conspirator, later evangelist (d. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">October 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Alencar" title="José Alencar">José Alencar</a>, Brazilian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rubens_de_Falco" title="Rubens de Falco">Rubens de Falco</a>, Brazilian actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_le_Carr%C3%A9" title="John le Carré">John le Carré</a>, English novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manolo_Escobar" title="Manolo Escobar">Manolo Escobar</a>, Spanish singer and actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mantle" title="Mickey Mantle">Mickey Mantle</a>, American baseball player (d. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shammi_Kapoor" title="Shammi Kapoor">Shammi Kapoor</a>, Indian film actor, director (d. <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Diana_Dors" title="Diana Dors">Diana Dors</a>, English actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Klaus Hasselmann</a>, German oceanographer, climate modeller and Nobel Prize laureate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_McIlroy" title="Jimmy McIlroy">Jimmy McIlroy</a>, Northern Irish football player and manager (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nawal_El_Saadawi" title="Nawal El Saadawi">Nawal El Saadawi</a>, Egyptian feminist (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anal%C3%ADa_Gad%C3%A9" title="Analía Gadé">Analía Gadé</a>, Argentine actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Obeso_Rivera" title="Sergio Obeso Rivera">Sergio Obeso Rivera</a>, Mexican Roman Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Rather" title="Dan Rather">Dan Rather</a>, American television news reporter (<i><a href="/wiki/CBS_Evening_News" title="CBS Evening News">CBS Evening News</a></i>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November_2">November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mwai_Kibaki,_October_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Mwai_Kibaki%2C_October_2003.jpg/120px-Mwai_Kibaki%2C_October_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Mwai_Kibaki%2C_October_2003.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="175" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mwai_Kibaki" title="Mwai Kibaki">Mwai Kibaki</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel,_premio_Nobel_de_la_Paz_en_1980,_Visit%C3%B3_al_Presidente_de_la_Asamblea_Nacional,_Fernando_Cordero._(5076794488).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel%2C_premio_Nobel_de_la_Paz_en_1980%2C_Visit%C3%B3_al_Presidente_de_la_Asamblea_Nacional%2C_Fernando_Cordero._%285076794488%29.jpg/100px-Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel%2C_premio_Nobel_de_la_Paz_en_1980%2C_Visit%C3%B3_al_Presidente_de_la_Asamblea_Nacional%2C_Fernando_Cordero._%285076794488%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel%2C_premio_Nobel_de_la_Paz_en_1980%2C_Visit%C3%B3_al_Presidente_de_la_Asamblea_Nacional%2C_Fernando_Cordero._%285076794488%29.jpg/150px-Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel%2C_premio_Nobel_de_la_Paz_en_1980%2C_Visit%C3%B3_al_Presidente_de_la_Asamblea_Nacional%2C_Fernando_Cordero._%285076794488%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel%2C_premio_Nobel_de_la_Paz_en_1980%2C_Visit%C3%B3_al_Presidente_de_la_Asamblea_Nacional%2C_Fernando_Cordero._%285076794488%29.jpg/200px-Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel%2C_premio_Nobel_de_la_Paz_en_1980%2C_Visit%C3%B3_al_Presidente_de_la_Asamblea_Nacional%2C_Fernando_Cordero._%285076794488%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel" title="Adolfo Pérez Esquivel">Adolfo Pérez Esquivel</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shunsuke_Kikuchi" title="Shunsuke Kikuchi">Shunsuke Kikuchi</a>, Japanese composer (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Phil_Woods" title="Phil Woods">Phil Woods</a>, American saxophonist (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fu_Tieshan" title="Michael Fu Tieshan">Michael Fu Tieshan</a>, Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monica_Vitti" title="Monica Vitti">Monica Vitti</a>, Italian actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ike_Turner" title="Ike Turner">Ike Turner</a>, American singer, songwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Collins_(racing_driver)" title="Peter Collins (racing driver)">Peter Collins</a>, British racing driver (d. <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a>, German-American television actor, writer and director (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Majida_Boulila" title="Majida Boulila">Majida Boulila</a>, Tunisian militant (d. <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mwai_Kibaki" title="Mwai Kibaki">Mwai Kibaki</a>, 3rd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Kenya" title="President of Kenya">President of Kenya</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Lissouba" title="Pascal Lissouba">Pascal Lissouba</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Republic of Congo">President of the Republic of Congo</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Williamson" title="Malcolm Williamson">Malcolm Williamson</a>, Australian composer (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel" title="Adolfo Pérez Esquivel">Adolfo Pérez Esquivel</a>, Argentine activist, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tomi_Ungerer" title="Tomi Ungerer">Tomi Ungerer</a>, French artist, illustrator and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shintaro_Katsu" title="Shintaro Katsu">Shintaro Katsu</a>, Japanese actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December_2">December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rita_Moreno_face.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Rita_Moreno_face.jpg/100px-Rita_Moreno_face.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Rita_Moreno_face.jpg/150px-Rita_Moreno_face.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Rita_Moreno_face.jpg/200px-Rita_Moreno_face.jpg 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="784" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rita_Moreno" title="Rita Moreno">Rita Moreno</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rajko_Kuzmanovi%C4%87" title="Rajko Kuzmanović">Rajko Kuzmanović</a>, 7th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Republika_Srpska" title="President of Republika Srpska">President of Republika Srpska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Maxwell_Richards" title="George Maxwell Richards">George Maxwell Richards</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="President of Trinidad and Tobago">President of Trinidad and Tobago</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Jamiruddin_Sircar" title="Muhammad Jamiruddin Sircar">Muhammad Jamiruddin Sircar</a>, Bangladeshi barrister and politician</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wynton_Kelly" title="Wynton Kelly">Wynton Kelly</a>, Jamaican-American jazz pianist, composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ramsey" title="Elizabeth Ramsey">Elizabeth Ramsey</a>, Filipina singer and actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jayant_Ganpat_Nadkarni" title="Jayant Ganpat Nadkarni">Jayant Ganpat Nadkarni</a>, Indian Navy admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carmela_Rey" title="Carmela Rey">Carmela Rey</a>, Mexican singer, actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ladislav_Smoljak" title="Ladislav Smoljak">Ladislav Smoljak</a>, Czech film, theater director, actor and screenwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rita_Moreno" title="Rita Moreno">Rita Moreno</a>, Puerto-Rican actress (<i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ida_Vos" title="Ida Vos">Ida Vos</a>, Dutch Jewish author of books for children and adults (d. 2006)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Rifbjerg" title="Klaus Rifbjerg">Klaus Rifbjerg</a>, Danish writer (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Redha_Malek" title="Redha Malek">Redha Malek</a>, 8th Prime Minister of Algeria (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgi_Naydenov_(footballer,_born_1931)" title="Georgi Naydenov (footballer, born 1931)">Georgi Naydenov</a>, Bulgarian footballer and manager (d. <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Gra%C3%A7a" title="Carlos Graça">Carlos Graça</a>, 6th Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Abish" title="Walter Abish">Walter Abish</a>, Austrian-born American writer (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauricio_Kagel" title="Mauricio Kagel">Mauricio Kagel</a>, Argentine composer (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">December 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roger_Piantoni" title="Roger Piantoni">Roger Piantoni</a>, French footballer (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Charles" title="John Charles">John Charles</a>, Welsh international footballer (d. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotty_Moore" title="Scotty Moore">Scotty Moore</a>, American guitarist (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_Kh%E1%BA%A3_Phi%C3%AAu" title="Lê Khả Phiêu">Lê Khả Phiêu</a>, Vietnamese politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bassett" title="Charles Bassett">Charles Bassett</a>, American electrical engineer, astronaut (d. <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeeter_Davis" title="Skeeter Davis">Skeeter Davis</a>, American singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January_3">January</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1901-princess-royal-louise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1901-princess-royal-louise.jpg/110px-1901-princess-royal-louise.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1901-princess-royal-louise.jpg/165px-1901-princess-royal-louise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1901-princess-royal-louise.jpg/220px-1901-princess-royal-louise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="873" data-file-height="1281" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Louise,_Princess_Royal" title="Louise, Princess Royal">Louise, Princess Royal</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anna_Pavlova_as_the_Dying_Swan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anna_Pavlova_as_the_Dying_Swan.jpg/110px-Anna_Pavlova_as_the_Dying_Swan.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anna_Pavlova_as_the_Dying_Swan.jpg/165px-Anna_Pavlova_as_the_Dying_Swan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anna_Pavlova_as_the_Dying_Swan.jpg/220px-Anna_Pavlova_as_the_Dying_Swan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3699" data-file-height="5124" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anna_Pavlova" title="Anna Pavlova">Anna Pavlova</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Otto_Wallach_1880s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Otto_Wallach_1880s.jpg/120px-Otto_Wallach_1880s.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Otto_Wallach_1880s.jpg/250px-Otto_Wallach_1880s.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="766" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Otto Wallach</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Friedrich_Wilhelm_Murnau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Murnau.jpg/110px-Friedrich_Wilhelm_Murnau.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Murnau.jpg/165px-Friedrich_Wilhelm_Murnau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Murnau.jpg/220px-Friedrich_Wilhelm_Murnau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="494" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/F._W._Murnau" title="F. W. Murnau">F. W. Murnau</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giuseppe_%E2%80%9EJoe%E2%80%9C_Masseria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Giuseppe_%E2%80%9EJoe%E2%80%9C_Masseria.jpg/110px-Giuseppe_%E2%80%9EJoe%E2%80%9C_Masseria.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Giuseppe_%E2%80%9EJoe%E2%80%9C_Masseria.jpg/165px-Giuseppe_%E2%80%9EJoe%E2%80%9C_Masseria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Giuseppe_%E2%80%9EJoe%E2%80%9C_Masseria.jpg/220px-Giuseppe_%E2%80%9EJoe%E2%80%9C_Masseria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joe_Masseria" title="Joe Masseria">Joe Masseria</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Joffre" title="Joseph Joffre">Joseph Joffre</a>, French <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> general (b. <a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Acord" title="Art Acord">Art Acord</a>, American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Connor" title="Roger Connor">Roger Connor</a>, American baseball player, <a href="/wiki/MLB_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB Hall of Fame">MLB Hall of Famer</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise,_Princess_Royal" title="Louise, Princess Royal">Louise, Princess Royal</a>, British royal, eldest daughter of <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> of the United Kingdom (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Milton_Carroll" title="James Milton Carroll">James Milton Carroll</a>, American Baptist pastor, historian, and author (b. <a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hardy_Richardson" title="Hardy Richardson">Hardy Richardson</a>, American baseball player (b. <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_Peter_Nikolaevich_of_Russia" title="Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich of Russia">Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich of Russia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alma_Rubens" title="Alma Rubens">Alma Rubens</a>, American actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Pavlova" title="Anna Pavlova">Anna Pavlova</a>, Soviet ballerina (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Seidler_von_Feuchtenegg" title="Ernst Seidler von Feuchtenegg">Ernst Seidler von Feuchtenegg</a>, former Minister-President of Austria (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Percy_FitzPatrick" title="James Percy FitzPatrick">Sir Percy FitzPatrick</a>, South African author, politician and mining financier (b. 1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Soto_Alfaro" title="Bernardo Soto Alfaro">Bernardo Soto Alfaro</a>, 14th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Costa_Rica" title="President of Costa Rica">President of Costa Rica</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henri_Mathias_Berthelot" title="Henri Mathias Berthelot">Henri Mathias Berthelot</a>, French general (b. <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February_3">February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Emmanuel,_Duke_of_Vendome" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Emmanuel, Duke of Vendome">Prince Emmanuel, Duke of Vendome</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mammad_Hasan_Hajinski" title="Mammad Hasan Hajinski">Mammad Hasan Hajinski</a>, last Prime Minister of the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijan Democratic Republic</a> (b.<a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Algernon_Parsons" title="Charles Algernon Parsons">Sir Charles Parsons</a>, British inventor (b. <a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Martin_von_Feuerstein" title="Martin von Feuerstein">Martin von Feuerstein</a>, German painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Gloeden" title="Wilhelm von Gloeden">Wilhelm von Gloeden</a>, German photographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1856" title="1856">1856</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Wolheim" title="Louis Wolheim">Louis Wolheim</a>, American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tovmas_Nazarbekian" title="Tovmas Nazarbekian">Tovmas Nazarbekian</a>, Armenian general (b. <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_von_Capelle" title="Eduard von Capelle">Eduard von Capelle</a>, German admiral (b. <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a>)</li> <li>Dame <a href="/wiki/Nellie_Melba" title="Nellie Melba">Nellie Melba</a>, Australian soprano (b. <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_II,_Grand_Duke_of_Oldenburg" title="Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg">Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Otto Wallach</a>, German chemist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (b. <a href="/wiki/1847" title="1847">1847</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Rodgers" title="Thomas S. Rodgers">Thomas S. Rodgers</a>, American admiral (b. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March_3">March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Tooth" title="Arthur Tooth">Arthur Tooth</a>, Anglican clergyman (b. <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akseli_Gallen-Kallela" title="Akseli Gallen-Kallela">Akseli Gallen-Kallela</a>, Finnish painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theo_van_Doesburg" title="Theo van Doesburg">Theo van Doesburg</a>, Dutch painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/F._W._Murnau" title="F. W. Murnau">F. W. Murnau</a>, German director (b. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Eliot_(diplomat)" title="Charles Eliot (diplomat)">Sir Charles Eliot</a>, British diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Giles_(explorer)" title="Alfred Giles (explorer)">Alfred Giles</a>, Australian explorer (b. <a href="/wiki/1846" title="1846">1846</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_M%C3%BCller_(politician,_born_1876)" title="Hermann Müller (politician, born 1876)">Hermann Müller</a>, German journalist, politician and 12th Chancellor of Germany (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Murdock" title="Joseph B. Murdock">Joseph B. Murdock</a>, United States Navy admiral, New Hampshire politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_22" title="March 22">March 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Campbell,_1st_Baron_Glenavy" title="James Campbell, 1st Baron Glenavy">James Campbell, 1st Baron Glenavy</a>, Irish lawyer, politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh" title="Bhagat Singh">Bhagat Singh</a>, Indian revolutionary hero (b. <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Edeson" title="Robert Edeson">Robert Edeson</a>, American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells</a>, <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> <a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">anti-lynching</a> crusader (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Bennett" title="Arnold Bennett">Arnold Bennett</a>, British novelist (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April_3">April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Michelin" title="André Michelin">André Michelin</a>, French industrialist and originator of <a href="/wiki/Michelin_Guide" title="Michelin Guide">Michelin Guides</a> (born <a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt" title="Erik Axel Karlfeldt">Erik Axel Karlfeldt</a>, Swedish writer, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (b. <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Longworth" title="Nicholas Longworth">Nicholas Longworth</a>, American politician, Speaker of the House (b. <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Khalil_Gibran" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalil Gibran">Khalil Gibran</a>, Lebanese poet, painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Masseria" title="Joe Masseria">Joe Masseria</a>, Italian-born American gangster (b. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Thomas,_Duke_of_Genoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Thomas, Duke of Genoa">Prince Thomas, Duke of Genoa</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_H%C3%A4gg" title="Jacob Hägg">Jacob Hägg</a>, Swedish admiral and painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Bluwstein" title="Rachel Bluwstein">Rachel Bluwstein</a>, Israeli poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – Sir <a href="/wiki/Cosmo_Duff-Gordon" title="Cosmo Duff-Gordon">Cosmo Duff-Gordon</a>, Scottish landowner, <i><a href="/wiki/RMS_Titanic" class="mw-redirect" title="RMS Titanic">Titanic</a></i> survivor (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Herbert_Mead" title="George Herbert Mead">George Herbert Mead</a>, American philosopher, sociologist and psychologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albert,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Albert, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein">Albert, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Woods" title="Sammy Woods">Sammy Woods</a>, English cricketer (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May_3">May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patriarch_Damian_of_Jerusalem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Patriarch_Damian_of_Jerusalem.jpg/120px-Patriarch_Damian_of_Jerusalem.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Patriarch_Damian_of_Jerusalem.jpg/250px-Patriarch_Damian_of_Jerusalem.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Damian_I_of_Jerusalem" title="Damian I of Jerusalem">Damian I of Jerusalem</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamaguchi_Osachi_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Hamaguchi_Osachi_1.jpg/110px-Hamaguchi_Osachi_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Hamaguchi_Osachi_1.jpg/165px-Hamaguchi_Osachi_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Hamaguchi_Osachi_1.jpg/220px-Hamaguchi_Osachi_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1320" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hamaguchi_Osachi" title="Hamaguchi Osachi">Hamaguchi Osachi</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Fisher_Baker" title="George Fisher Baker">George Fisher Baker</a>, American financier, philanthropist (b. <a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson">Albert A. Michelson</a>, German-born physicist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (b. <a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Belasco" title="David Belasco">David Belasco</a>, American Broadway impresario, theater owner and playwright (b. <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Barton" title="Ralph Barton">Ralph Barton</a>, American artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Sandstr%C3%B6m" title="Anna Sandström">Anna Sandström</a>, Swedish social reformer (b. <a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June_3">June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Farnham" title="Joseph W. Farnham">Joseph W. Farnham</a>, American screenwriter (b. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hussein_bin_Ali,_Sharif_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca">Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca</a>, Arab nationalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Frances_Sterrett" title="Virginia Frances Sterrett">Virginia Frances Sterrett</a>, American artist, illustrator (b. <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Boot,_1st_Baron_Trent" title="Jesse Boot, 1st Baron Trent">Jesse Boot, 1st Baron Trent</a>, British businessman (b. <a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitasato_Shibasabur%C5%8D" title="Kitasato Shibasaburō">Kitasato Shibasaburō</a>, Japanese physician and bacteriologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pio_del_Pilar" class="mw-redirect" title="Pio del Pilar">Pio del Pilar</a>, Filipino activist (b. <a href="/wiki/1860" title="1860">1860</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Armand_Falli%C3%A8res" title="Armand Fallières">Armand Fallières</a>, 9th President of France (b. <a href="/wiki/1841" title="1841">1841</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_3">July</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddie_Petit" title="Buddie Petit">Buddie Petit</a>, American jazz musician</li> <li>Prince <a href="/wiki/Emanuele_Filiberto,_2nd_Duke_of_Aosta" class="mw-redirect" title="Emanuele Filiberto, 2nd Duke of Aosta">Emanuele Filiberto, 2nd Duke of Aosta</a>, Italian general, <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_Italy" title="Marshal of Italy">Marshal of Italy</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/T._Adelaide_Goodno" title="T. Adelaide Goodno">T. Adelaide Goodno</a>, American social reformer (b. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Jasper_Spillman" title="William Jasper Spillman">William Jasper Spillman</a>, American economist (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom" title="Nathan Söderblom">Nathan Söderblom</a>, Swedish archbishop, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_3">August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bix_Beiderbecke" title="Bix Beiderbecke">Bix Beiderbecke</a>, American jazz trumpeter (b. <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Linda_Loredo" title="Linda Loredo">Linda Loredo</a>, Mexican-American actress and dancer (b. <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Damian_I_of_Jerusalem" title="Damian I of Jerusalem">Damian I of Jerusalem</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1848" title="1848">1848</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nigar_Shikhlinskaya" title="Nigar Shikhlinskaya">Nigar Shikhlinskaya</a>, Azerbaijani <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> nurse (b. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Tabrar" title="Joseph Tabrar">Joseph Tabrar</a>, British songwriter (b. <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Harris" title="Frank Harris">Frank Harris</a>, Irish author and editor (b. <a href="/wiki/1856" title="1856">1856</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamaguchi_Osachi" title="Hamaguchi Osachi">Hamaguchi Osachi</a>, Japanese politician, 27th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister of Japan</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Marion_Smith" title="Francis Marion Smith">Francis Marion Smith</a>, American businessman (b. <a href="/wiki/1846" title="1846">1846</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September_3">September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl_Pietzner_-_Erzherzog_Leopold_Salvator_von_%C3%96sterreich-Toskana,_1905_(LC-DIG-ggbain-06226).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Carl_Pietzner_-_Erzherzog_Leopold_Salvator_von_%C3%96sterreich-Toskana%2C_1905_%28LC-DIG-ggbain-06226%29.jpg/110px-Carl_Pietzner_-_Erzherzog_Leopold_Salvator_von_%C3%96sterreich-Toskana%2C_1905_%28LC-DIG-ggbain-06226%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Carl_Pietzner_-_Erzherzog_Leopold_Salvator_von_%C3%96sterreich-Toskana%2C_1905_%28LC-DIG-ggbain-06226%29.jpg/165px-Carl_Pietzner_-_Erzherzog_Leopold_Salvator_von_%C3%96sterreich-Toskana%2C_1905_%28LC-DIG-ggbain-06226%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Carl_Pietzner_-_Erzherzog_Leopold_Salvator_von_%C3%96sterreich-Toskana%2C_1905_%28LC-DIG-ggbain-06226%29.jpg/220px-Carl_Pietzner_-_Erzherzog_Leopold_Salvator_von_%C3%96sterreich-Toskana%2C_1905_%28LC-DIG-ggbain-06226%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3572" data-file-height="5027" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria">Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Omar_Mukhtar_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Omar_Mukhtar_13.jpg/110px-Omar_Mukhtar_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Omar_Mukhtar_13.jpg/165px-Omar_Mukhtar_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Omar_Mukhtar_13.jpg/220px-Omar_Mukhtar_13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="631" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Mukhtar" title="Omar al-Mukhtar">Omar al-Mukhtar</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Salvator_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria">Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Thomson_(footballer,_born_1909)" title="John Thomson (footballer, born 1909)">John Thomson</a>, Scottish footballer (b. <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Federico_Tinoco_Granados" title="Federico Tinoco Granados">Federico Tinoco Granados</a>, 21st <a href="/wiki/President_of_Costa_Rica" title="President of Costa Rica">President of Costa Rica</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">September 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lujo_Brentano" title="Lujo Brentano">Lujo Brentano</a>, German economist (b. <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Maranzano" title="Salvatore Maranzano">Salvatore Maranzano</a>, Italian mobster (b. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_J._Higginson" title="Francis J. Higginson">Francis J. Higginson</a>, United States Navy admiral (b. <a href="/wiki/1843" title="1843">1843</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Le_Brix" title="Joseph Le Brix">Joseph Le Brix</a>, French aviator, naval officer (b. <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Friedrich_Leopold_of_Prussia" title="Prince Friedrich Leopold of Prussia">Prince Friedrich Leopold of Prussia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tom_Roberts" title="Tom Roberts">Tom Roberts</a>, English-born Australian artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1856" title="1856">1856</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Mukhtar" title="Omar al-Mukhtar">Omar al-Mukhtar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libyan</a> resistance leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Amero_D%27Aste" title="Marcello Amero D'Aste">Marcello Amero D'Aste</a>, Italian admiral, politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Hart" title="Marvin Hart">Marvin Hart</a>, American world heavyweight boxing champion (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geli_Raubal" title="Geli Raubal">Geli Raubal</a>, German niece of Adolf Hitler (suicide; b. <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">September 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Starr_Jordan" title="David Starr Jordan">David Starr Jordan</a>, American ichthyologist, educator, eugenicist, and peace activist (b. <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Orpen" title="William Orpen">Sir William Orpen</a>, Irish artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October_3">October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Edison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Thomas_Edison.jpg/110px-Thomas_Edison.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Thomas_Edison.jpg/165px-Thomas_Edison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Thomas_Edison.jpg/220px-Thomas_Edison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="547" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lipton" title="Thomas Lipton">Sir Thomas Lipton</a>, Scottish retailer and yachtsman (b. <a href="/wiki/1848" title="1848">1848</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_Nielsen" title="Carl Nielsen">Carl Nielsen</a>, Danish composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chester_French" title="Daniel Chester French">Daniel Chester French</a>, American sculptor (b. <a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Didring" title="Ernst Didring">Ernst Didring</a>, Swedish writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a>, American inventor (b. <a href="/wiki/1847" title="1847">1847</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schnitzler" title="Arthur Schnitzler">Arthur Schnitzler</a>, Austrian dramatist and author (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – Sir <a href="/wiki/Murray_Bisset" title="Murray Bisset">Murray Bisset</a>, South African cricketer, Governor of Southern Rhodesia (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November_3">November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Bolden" title="Buddy Bolden">Buddy Bolden</a>, American musician (b. <a href="/wiki/1877" title="1877">1877</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jack_Chesbro" title="Jack Chesbro">Jack Chesbro</a>, American baseball player, <a href="/wiki/MLB_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB Hall of Fame">MLB Hall of Famer</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Scott" title="Charlotte Scott">Charlotte Scott</a>, English mathematician (b. 1858)<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shibusawa_Eiichi" title="Shibusawa Eiichi">Shibusawa Eiichi</a>, Japanese industrialist (b. <a href="/wiki/1840" title="1840">1840</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Fichev" title="Ivan Fichev">Ivan Fichev</a>, Bulgarian general, minister of defense, military historian, and academician (b. <a href="/wiki/1860" title="1860">1860</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hara_Prasad_Shastri" title="Hara Prasad Shastri">Hara Prasad Shastri</a>, Indian academic and Sanskrit scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bruno_von_Mudra" title="Bruno von Mudra">Bruno von Mudra</a>, German general (b. <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ames_(actor)" title="Robert Ames (actor)">Robert Ames</a>, American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December_3">December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vincent_d%27Indy" title="Vincent d'Indy">Vincent d'Indy</a>, French composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vachel_Lindsay" title="Vachel Lindsay">Vachel Lindsay</a>, American poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Salandra" title="Antonio Salandra">Antonio Salandra</a>, Italian statesman, 21st <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister of Italy</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Legs_Diamond" title="Legs Diamond">Jack Diamond</a>, American gangster (b. <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tyrone_Power_Sr." title="Tyrone Power Sr.">Tyrone Power Sr.</a>, English-born American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Fornasini" title="Carlo Fornasini">Carlo Fornasini</a>, micropalaeontologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">December 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Melvil_Dewey" title="Melvil Dewey">Melvil Dewey</a>, American librarian, inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Dewey_Decimal_Classification" title="Dewey Decimal Classification">Dewey Decimal Classification</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1851" title="1851">1851</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Figueroa_Alcorta" title="José Figueroa Alcorta">José Figueroa Alcorta</a>, Argentine politician, 16th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Argentina" title="President of Argentina">President of Argentina</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1860" title="1860">1860</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nobel_Prizes">Nobel Prizes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Nobel Prizes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_medal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/100px-Nobel_medal.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/150px-Nobel_medal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/200px-Nobel_medal.png 2x" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a> – not awarded</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Carl Bosch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Friedrich Bergius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a> – <a href="/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg">Otto Heinrich Warburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> – <a href="/wiki/Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt" title="Erik Axel Karlfeldt">Erik Axel Karlfeldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Murray Butler</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGandhi2008" class="citation book cs1">Gandhi, Rajmohan (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FauJL7LKXmkC&q=gandhi+prison1931&pg=PA127"><i>Gandhi: The Man, His People, and the Empire</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520255708" title="Special:BookSources/9780520255708"><bdi>9780520255708</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gandhi%3A+The+Man%2C+His+People%2C+and+the+Empire&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780520255708&rft.aulast=Gandhi&rft.aufirst=Rajmohan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFauJL7LKXmkC%26q%3Dgandhi%2Bprison1931%26pg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVance" class="citation web cs1">Vance, Jeffrey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/static/programs/national-film-preservation-board/documents/city_lights.pdf">"City Lights"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+Lights&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.aulast=Vance&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fstatic%2Fprograms%2Fnational-film-preservation-board%2Fdocuments%2Fcity_lights.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1">"New Delhi: The Inaugural Ceremony". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. No. 45744. London. February 11, 1931. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=New+Delhi%3A+The+Inaugural+Ceremony&rft.issue=45744&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1931-02-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCourtney2018" class="citation book cs1">Courtney, Chris (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/nature-of-disaster-in-china/1483BBD53BA764B54EE882EF699B1299"><i>The Nature of Disaster in China The 1931 Yangzi River Flood</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781108278362">10.1017/9781108278362</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108278362" title="Special:BookSources/9781108278362"><bdi>9781108278362</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nature+of+Disaster+in+China+The+1931+Yangzi+River+Flood&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781108278362&rft.isbn=9781108278362&rft.aulast=Courtney&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fnature-of-disaster-in-china%2F1483BBD53BA764B54EE882EF699B1299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wanpaoshan-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wanpaoshan_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEm2013" class="citation book cs1">Em, Henry (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DxAd2Aw_jP0C"><i>The Great Enterprise: Sovereignty and Historiography in Modern Korea, Part 2</i></a>. Durham: Duke University Press. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0822353720" title="Special:BookSources/978-0822353720"><bdi>978-0822353720</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Enterprise%3A+Sovereignty+and+Historiography+in+Modern+Korea%2C+Part+2&rft.place=Durham&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0822353720&rft.aulast=Em&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDxAd2Aw_jP0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121008043851/http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Explorers_Record_Setters_and_Daredevils/Wiley_Post/EX27.htm">"Wiley Post"</a>. centennialofflight.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Explorers_Record_Setters_and_Daredevils/Wiley_Post/EX27.htm">the original</a> on October 8, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wiley+Post&rft.pub=centennialofflight.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centennialofflight.gov%2Fessay%2FExplorers_Record_Setters_and_Daredevils%2FWiley_Post%2FEX27.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>BBC History</i>, July 2011, p12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zeenews.india.com/news/jammu-and-kashmir/jandk-observes-martyrs-day-cm-omar-pays-tributes_719325.html">"J&K observes Martyrs' day: CM Omar pays tributes"</a>. <i>Zee News</i>. July 13, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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New York: Billboard Books. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780823076222" title="Special:BookSources/9780823076222"><bdi>9780823076222</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Billboard+book+of+one-hit+wonders&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Billboard+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780823076222&rft.aulast=Jancik&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1996/lee/facts">"David Lee"</a>. <i>Nobel Prize</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nobel+Prize&rft.atitle=David+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fphysics%2F1996%2Flee%2Ffacts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBobby_WomackRobert_Ashton2006" class="citation book cs1">Bobby Womack; Robert Ashton (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=voA3AQAAIAAJ"><i>Midnight Mover: My Autobiography: the True Story of the Greatest Soul Singer in the World</i></a>. John Blake. p. 269. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84454-148-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84454-148-5"><bdi>978-1-84454-148-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Midnight+Mover%3A+My+Autobiography%3A+the+True+Story+of+the+Greatest+Soul+Singer+in+the+World&rft.pages=269&rft.pub=John+Blake&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84454-148-5&rft.au=Bobby+Womack&rft.au=Robert+Ashton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvoA3AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFlaherty2015" class="citation news cs1">Flaherty, Mike (September 2, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/03/movies/dean-jones-star-of-disneys-the-love-bug-dies-at-84.html?_r=0">"Dean Jones, Affable Star in 'Love Bug' and a Disney Fixture, Dies at 84"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p. B19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Dean+Jones%2C+Affable+Star+in+%27Love+Bug%27+and+a+Disney+Fixture%2C+Dies+at+84&rft.pages=B19&rft.date=2015-09-02&rft.aulast=Flaherty&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F09%2F03%2Fmovies%2Fdean-jones-star-of-disneys-the-love-bug-dies-at-84.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReinhold_Kramer2008" class="citation book cs1">Reinhold Kramer (March 20, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pEZAhyjZPQkC&pg=PA19"><i>Mordecai Richler: Leaving St Urbain</i></a>. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-7477-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-7477-9"><bdi>978-0-7735-7477-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mordecai+Richler%3A+Leaving+St+Urbain&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press+-+MQUP&rft.date=2008-03-20&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-7477-9&rft.au=Reinhold+Kramer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpEZAhyjZPQkC%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Morrison1991" class="citation book cs1">John Morrison (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XxSk3QS7lT4C"><i>Boris Yeltsin: From Bolshevik to Democrat</i></a>. Dutton. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-452-26906-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-452-26906-4"><bdi>978-0-452-26906-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boris+Yeltsin%3A+From+Bolshevik+to+Democrat&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Dutton&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-452-26906-4&rft.au=John+Morrison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXxSk3QS7lT4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Parker2015" class="citation web cs1">Robert Parker (May 31, 2015). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/walter-burkert-classical-scholar-whose-fascinating-books-greek-mythology-and-religion-were-packed-fresh-insight-10287963.html">"Walter Burkert: Classical scholar whose fascinating books on Greek mythology and religion were packed with fresh insight"</a></span>. <i>The Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/walter-burkert-classical-scholar-whose-fascinating-books-greek-mythology-and-religion-were-packed-fresh-insight-10287963.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Walter+Burkert%3A+Classical+scholar+whose+fascinating+books+on+Greek+mythology+and+religion+were+packed+with+fresh+insight&rft.date=2015-05-31&rft.au=Robert+Parker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fwalter-burkert-classical-scholar-whose-fascinating-books-greek-mythology-and-religion-were-packed-fresh-insight-10287963.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1940-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1940_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation census"> 1940 United States Census, <a href="/wiki/United_States_census" title="United States census">United States census</a>, 1940; Sioux City, Iowa;  page 480,  line 13,  enumeration district 97-61B. Retrieved on February 13, 2014.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dDASAQAAIAAJ"><i>Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History: A Publication of the Indiana Historical Society</i></a>. The Society. 1989. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traces+of+Indiana+and+Midwestern+History%3A+A+Publication+of+the+Indiana+Historical+Society&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=The+Society&rft.date=1989&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdDASAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-27635463">"Obituary: Toni Morrison"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. August 6, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Toni+Morrison&rft.date=2019-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-27635463&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=e&Seq_Code=165757">"Former Pres. Chun Doo-hwan Dies at 90"</a>. <i>world.kbs.co.kr</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=world.kbs.co.kr&rft.atitle=Former+Pres.+Chun+Doo-hwan+Dies+at+90&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworld.kbs.co.kr%2Fservice%2Fnews_view.htm%3Flang%3De%26Seq_Code%3D165757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWolfgang_Saxon2003" class="citation news cs1">Wolfgang Saxon (October 9, 2003). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/09/obituaries/09POST.html">"Neil Postman, 72, Mass Media Critic, Dies"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Neil+Postman%2C+72%2C+Mass+Media+Critic%2C+Dies&rft.date=2003-10-09&rft.au=Wolfgang+Saxon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F10%2F09%2Fobituaries%2F09POST.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Contemporary authors. New Revision series</i>. Detroit, Mich: Gale Research. 1981. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810319929" title="Special:BookSources/9780810319929"><bdi>9780810319929</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+authors.+New+Revision+series&rft.place=Detroit%2C+Mich&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Gale+Research&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=9780810319929&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAllan_T._DuffinPaul_Matheis2005" class="citation book cs1">Allan T. Duffin; Paul Matheis (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QQGNBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA271"><i>The 12 O'Clock High Logbook: The Unofficial History of the Novel, Motion Picture, and TV Series</i></a>. BearManor Media. p. 271. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59393-033-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59393-033-2"><bdi>978-1-59393-033-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+12+O%27Clock+High+Logbook%3A+The+Unofficial+History+of+the+Novel%2C+Motion+Picture%2C+and+TV+Series&rft.pages=271&rft.pub=BearManor+Media&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-59393-033-2&rft.au=Allan+T.+Duffin&rft.au=Paul+Matheis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQQGNBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>CHASE'S CALENDAR OF EVENTS 2019 : the ultimate go -to guide for special days, weeks and months</i>. Place of publication not identified: BERNAN Press. 2018. p. 191. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781641432641" title="Special:BookSources/9781641432641"><bdi>9781641432641</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CHASE%27S+CALENDAR+OF+EVENTS+2019+%3A+the+ultimate+go+-to+guide+for+special+days%2C+weeks+and+months&rft.place=Place+of+publication+not+identified&rft.pages=191&rft.pub=BERNAN+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781641432641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Coveney2020" class="citation web cs1">Michael Coveney (May 25, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2020/may/25/rolf-hochhuth-obituary">"Rolf Hochhuth Obituary"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Rolf+Hochhuth+Obituary&rft.date=2020-05-25&rft.au=Michael+Coveney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fstage%2F2020%2Fmay%2F25%2Frolf-hochhuth-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrown2015" class="citation news cs1">Brown, Andrew (March 26, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/27/swedish-poet-thomas-transtromer-dies-age-83">"Swedish Nobel laureate Tomas Tranströmer dies aged 83"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Swedish+Nobel+laureate+Tomas+Transtr%C3%B6mer+dies+aged+83&rft.date=2015-03-26&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fmar%2F27%2Fswedish-poet-thomas-transtromer-dies-age-83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2021/09/01/igor-oistrakh-celebrated-soviet-violinist-father-david-walked/">"Igor Oistrakh, celebrated Soviet violinist who with his father David walked a political tightrope during the Cold War – obituary"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a></i>. September 1, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2021/09/01/igor-oistrakh-celebrated-soviet-violinist-father-david-walked/">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Igor+Oistrakh%2C+celebrated+Soviet+violinist+who+with+his+father+David+walked+a+political+tightrope+during+the+Cold+War+%E2%80%93+obituary&rft.date=2021-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fobituaries%2F2021%2F09%2F01%2Figor-oistrakh-celebrated-soviet-violinist-father-david-walked%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Clute2019" class="citation web cs1">John Clute (April 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/apr/29/gene-wolfe-obituary">"Gene Wolfe Obituary"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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North-South Center, University of Miami, Research Institute for Cuban Studies. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-935501-35-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-935501-35-3"><bdi>978-0-935501-35-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cuban+Leadership+After+Castro%3A+Biographies+of+Cuba%27s+Top+Commanders&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=North-South+Center%2C+University+of+Miami%2C+Research+Institute+for+Cuban+Studies&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-935501-35-3&rft.au=Rafael+Fermoselle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9UsYAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/12/obituaries/lindy-remigino-olympic-champion-runner-is-dead-at-87.html">"Lindy Remigino, Olympic Champion Runner, Is Dead at 87"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. July 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lindy+Remigino%2C+Olympic+Champion+Runner%2C+Is+Dead+at+87&rft.date=2018-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F07%2F12%2Fobituaries%2Flindy-remigino-olympic-champion-runner-is-dead-at-87.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.lk/en/members-of-parliament/directory-of-members/viewMember/92">"MP profile"</a>. 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February 11, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/billy-casper-golfer-who-won-prolifically-who-became-unfairly-overshadowed-big-three-his-generation-a173166.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Billy+Casper%3A+Golfer+who+won+prolifically+but+who+became+unfairly&rft.date=2015-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fbilly-casper-golfer-who-won-prolifically-who-became-unfairly-overshadowed-big-three-his-generation-a173166.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliamson2013" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Williamson" title="Marcus Williamson">Williamson, Marcus</a> (December 8, 2013). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/colin-wilson-author-8991678.html">"Colin Wilson: Author (Obituary)"</a></span>. <i>The Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/colin-wilson-author-8991678.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aftonbladet&rft.atitle=Hans+Alfredson+%C3%A4r+d%C3%B6d&rft.date=2017-09-10&rft.aulast=Ek&rft.aufirst=Torbj%C3%B6rn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aftonbladet.se%2Fnojesbladet%2Fa%2Fd30wz%2Fhans-alfredson-ar-dod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.antrimguardian.co.uk/news/2020/04/14/gallery/local-actor-s-fantastic-voyage-9150/">"Local actor's 'Fantastic Voyage'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Antrim Guardian</i>. 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London: Imperial College Press. p. x. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781848162532" title="Special:BookSources/9781848162532"><bdi>9781848162532</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quantum+aspects+of+life&rft.place=London&rft.pages=x&rft.pub=Imperial+College+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781848162532&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=Derek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1978/smith/facts/">"Hamilton O. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nobel+Prize&rft.atitle=Syukuro+Manabe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fphysics%2F2021%2Fmanabe%2Ffacts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/aug/25/dame-elizabeth-blackadder-obituary">"Dame Elizabeth Blackadder obituary"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. August 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Dame+Elizabeth+Blackadder+obituary&rft.date=2021-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2F2021%2Faug%2F25%2Fdame-elizabeth-blackadder-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFG._Ramamurthy2005" class="citation book cs1">G. Ramamurthy (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0igmn9fzaUYC&pg=PA81"><i>Biographical Dictionary of Great Astronomers</i></a>. Sura Books. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7478-697-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7478-697-5"><bdi>978-81-7478-697-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Dictionary+of+Great+Astronomers&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Sura+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-7478-697-5&rft.au=G.+Ramamurthy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0igmn9fzaUYC%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHomberger2020" class="citation news cs1">Homberger, Eric (December 14, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/dec/14/john-le-carre-obituary">"John le Carré obituary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201214022605/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/dec/14/john-le-carre-obituary">Archived</a> from the original on December 14, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=John+le+Carr%C3%A9+obituary&rft.date=2020-12-14&rft.aulast=Homberger&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2020%2Fdec%2F14%2Fjohn-le-carre-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/22/nawal-el-saadawi-obituary">"Nawal El Saadawi obituary"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. March 22, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Nawal+El+Saadawi+obituary&rft.date=2021-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Fmar%2F22%2Fnawal-el-saadawi-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.diariodemorelos.com/noticias/falleci-el-arzobispo-em-rito-sergio-obeso-rivera">"Falleció el Arzobispo Emérito, Sergio Obeso Rivera"</a> [Archbishop Emeritus, Sergio Obeso Rivera passes away], <i>El Diario de Morelos</i> (in Spanish), Cuernavaca, August 11, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Diario+de+Morelos&rft.atitle=Falleci%C3%B3+el+Arzobispo+Em%C3%A9rito%2C+Sergio+Obeso+Rivera&rft.date=2019-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diariodemorelos.com%2Fnoticias%2Ffalleci-el-arzobispo-em-rito-sergio-obeso-rivera&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11243432/Mike-Nichols-obituary.html">"Mike Nichols – obituary"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. November 20, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Mike+Nichols+%E2%80%93+obituary&rft.date=2014-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2F11243432%2FMike-Nichols-obituary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJames_Murdoch1972" class="citation book cs1">James Murdoch (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sTqzAAAAIAAJ"><i>Australia's Contemporary Composers</i></a>. Macmillan. p. 205. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-13913-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-13913-4"><bdi>978-0-333-13913-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australia%27s+Contemporary+Composers&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-333-13913-4&rft.au=James+Murdoch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsTqzAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJoanna_Carey2019" class="citation web cs1">Joanna Carey (February 28, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/feb/28/tomi-ungerer-obituary">"Tomi Ungerer obituary"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tomi+Ungerer+obituary&rft.date=2019-02-28&rft.au=Joanna+Carey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2019%2Ffeb%2F28%2Ftomi-ungerer-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGray1986" class="citation book cs1">Gray, Charlotte (1986). <i>Klaus Rifbjerg</i>. New York: Greenwood Press. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313250989" title="Special:BookSources/9780313250989"><bdi>9780313250989</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Klaus+Rifbjerg&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780313250989&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCowell2022" class="citation news cs1">Cowell, Alan (May 31, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/31/books/walter-abish-dead.html">"Walter Abish, Daring Writer Who Pondered Germany, Dies at 90"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> – via NYTimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Walter+Abish%2C+Daring+Writer+Who+Pondered+Germany%2C+Dies+at+90&rft.date=2022-05-31&rft.aulast=Cowell&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F05%2F31%2Fbooks%2Fwalter-abish-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSerge_Lifar1959" class="citation book cs1">Serge Lifar (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=41w7AAAAMAAJ"><i>The Three Graces: Anna Pavlova, Tamara Karsavina, Olga Spessivtzeva: The Legends and the Truth</i></a>. Cassell. p. 111.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Graces%3A+Anna+Pavlova%2C+Tamara+Karsavina%2C+Olga+Spessivtzeva%3A+The+Legends+and+the+Truth&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Cassell&rft.date=1959&rft.au=Serge+Lifar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D41w7AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLady_Gregory1978" class="citation book cs1">Lady Gregory (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iT0fAQAAIAAJ"><i>Lady Gregory's Journals</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 704. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-520067-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-520067-6"><bdi>978-0-19-520067-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lady+Gregory%27s+Journals&rft.pages=704&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-19-520067-6&rft.au=Lady+Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiT0fAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArnold_Bennett1966" class="citation book cs1">Arnold Bennett (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sWlaAAAAMAAJ"><i>Letters of Arnold Bennett</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 618. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-212207-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-212207-0"><bdi>978-0-19-212207-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letters+of+Arnold+Bennett&rft.pages=618&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=978-0-19-212207-0&rft.au=Arnold+Bennett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsWlaAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChase's_EditorsContemporary_Books2002" class="citation book cs1">Chase's Editors; Contemporary Books (September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1NnUNBh6jIAC"><i>Chase's Calendar of Events 2003</i></a>. McGraw-Hill. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-139098-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-139098-9"><bdi>978-0-07-139098-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chase%27s+Calendar+of+Events+2003&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2002-09&rft.isbn=978-0-07-139098-9&rft.au=Chase%27s+Editors&rft.au=Contemporary+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1NnUNBh6jIAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKahlil_Gibran2017" class="citation book cs1">Kahlil Gibran (June 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WAMmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT12"><i>Delphi Collected Poetical Works of Kahlil Gibran (Illustrated)</i></a>. Delphi Classics. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78656-214-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78656-214-2"><bdi>978-1-78656-214-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Delphi+Collected+Poetical+Works+of+Kahlil+Gibran+%28Illustrated%29&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Delphi+Classics&rft.date=2017-06-01&rft.isbn=978-1-78656-214-2&rft.au=Kahlil+Gibran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWAMmDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCritchley2008" class="citation book cs1">Critchley, David (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uX29UdJJ3qYC"><i>The Origin of Organized Crime in America: The New York City Mafia, 1891-1931</i></a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 156, <span class="nowrap">155–</span>57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-99030-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-99030-1"><bdi>978-0-415-99030-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origin+of+Organized+Crime+in+America%3A+The+New+York+City+Mafia%2C+1891-1931&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=156%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E155-%3C%2Fspan%3E57&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-415-99030-1&rft.aulast=Critchley&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuX29UdJJ3qYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/rahel-bluwstein">Rahel Bluwstein October 29, 1890–April 16, 1931</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGeller1998" class="citation book cs1">Geller, Judith (1998). <i>Titanic: women and children first</i>. Sparkford: Patrick Stephens. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781852605940" title="Special:BookSources/9781852605940"><bdi>9781852605940</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Titanic%3A+women+and+children+first&rft.place=Sparkford&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Patrick+Stephens&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9781852605940&rft.aulast=Geller&rft.aufirst=Judith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Herbert-Mead">"George Herbert Mead | Symbolic Interactionism, Social Behaviorism, Pragmatism | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=George+Herbert+Mead+%7C+Symbolic+Interactionism%2C+Social+Behaviorism%2C+Pragmatism+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FGeorge-Herbert-Mead&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The New International Year Book</i>. Dodd, Mead and Company. 1932. p. 533.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+International+Year+Book&rft.pages=533&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead+and+Company&rft.date=1932&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1989/02/20/a-case-of-melancholia">A Case of Melancholia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Stokes1996" class="citation book cs1">John Stokes (March 14, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dU-QtGTNJNcC&pg=PA87"><i>Oscar Wilde: Myths, Miracles and Imitations</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-47537-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-47537-2"><bdi>978-0-521-47537-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oscar+Wilde%3A+Myths%2C+Miracles+and+Imitations&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996-03-14&rft.isbn=978-0-521-47537-2&rft.au=John+Stokes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdU-QtGTNJNcC%26pg%3DPA87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=HT19310919.2.20">"Dr. David Starr Jordan Dies; Family With Educator As Passes Away: Fifth Attack Ends an Illness of Two Years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Healdsburg_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Healdsburg Tribune">Healdsburg Tribune</a></i>. No. 269. September 19, 1931. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180701055032/https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=HT19310919.2.20">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2018</span> – via <a href="/wiki/California_Digital_Newspaper_Collection" title="California Digital Newspaper Collection">California Digital Newspaper Collection</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Healdsburg+Tribune&rft.atitle=Dr.+David+Starr+Jordan+Dies%3B+Family+With+Educator+As+Passes+Away%3A+Fifth+Attack+Ends+an+Illness+of+Two+Years&rft.issue=269&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1931-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdnc.ucr.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fcdnc%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DHT19310919.2.20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNational_Academy_of_Sciences_(U.S.)1937" class="citation book cs1">National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) (1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mEErAAAAYAAJ"><i>Biographical Memoirs</i></a>. National Academy of Sciences. p. 258.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Memoirs&rft.pages=258&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=1937&rft.au=National+Academy+of+Sciences+%28U.S.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmEErAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReinhard_Urbach1973" class="citation book cs1">Reinhard Urbach (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BF9cAAAAMAAJ"><i>Arthur Schnitzler</i></a>. Frederick Ungar A Book. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8044-2936-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8044-2936-8"><bdi>978-0-8044-2936-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arthur+Schnitzler.&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Frederick+Ungar+A+Book&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-8044-2936-8&rft.au=Reinhard+Urbach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBF9cAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClark_Kenschaft1987" class="citation book cs1">Clark Kenschaft, Patricia (1987). "Charlotte Angas Scott". In Grinstein, Louise S.; Campbell, Paul J. (eds.). <i>Women of Mathematics: a Biobibliographic Sourcebook</i>. New York: Greenwood Press. p. 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-3132-4849-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-3132-4849-8"><bdi>978-0-3132-4849-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Charlotte+Angas+Scott&rft.btitle=Women+of+Mathematics%3A+a+Biobibliographic+Sourcebook&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-3132-4849-8&rft.aulast=Clark+Kenschaft&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMasters1935" class="citation book cs1">Masters, Edgar Lee (1935). <i>Vachel Lindsay : A Poet in America</i>. Biblo & Tannen Publishers. p. 361. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0819602398" title="Special:BookSources/978-0819602398"><bdi>978-0819602398</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vachel+Lindsay+%3A+A+Poet+in+America&rft.pages=361&rft.pub=Biblo+%26+Tannen+Publishers&rft.date=1935&rft.isbn=978-0819602398&rft.aulast=Masters&rft.aufirst=Edgar+Lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiriam_Drake2003" class="citation book cs1">Miriam Drake (2003). <i>Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science, Second Edition - Volume II</i>. Taylor & Francis. p. 848.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Library+and+Information+Science%2C+Second+Edition+-+Volume+II&rft.pages=848&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Miriam+Drake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1931" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030416075008/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~1930s2/Time/1931/1931fr.html">The 1930s Timeline: 1931</a> – from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/31171">1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century by Henry Hartshorne</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Events_by_month145" style="width:40em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Events_by_month_links" title="Template:Events by month links"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Events_by_month_links" title="Template talk:Events by month links"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Events_by_month_links" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Events by month links"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Events_by_month145" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Events by month</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1935" title="January 1935">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1935" title="February 1935">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1935" title="March 1935">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1935" title="April 1935">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1935" title="May 1935">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1935" title="June 1935">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1935" title="July 1935">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1935" title="August 1935">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1935" title="September 1935">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1935" title="October 1935">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1935" title="November 1935">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1935" title="December 1935">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1934" title="January 1934">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1934" title="February 1934">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1934" title="March 1934">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1934" title="April 1934">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1934" title="May 1934">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1934" title="June 1934">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1934" title="July 1934">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1934" title="August 1934">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1934" title="September 1934">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1934" title="October 1934">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1934" title="November 1934">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1934" title="December 1934">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1933" title="January 1933">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1933" title="February 1933">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1933" title="March 1933">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1933" title="April 1933">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1933" title="May 1933">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1933" title="June 1933">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1933" title="July 1933">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1933" title="August 1933">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1933" title="September 1933">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1933" title="October 1933">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1933" title="November 1933">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1933" title="December 1933">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1932" title="January 1932">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1932" title="February 1932">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1932" title="March 1932">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1932" title="April 1932">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1932" title="May 1932">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1932" title="June 1932">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1932" title="July 1932">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1932" title="August 1932">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1932" title="September 1932">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1932" title="October 1932">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1932" title="November 1932">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1932" title="December 1932">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1931</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1931" title="January 1931">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1931" title="February 1931">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1931" title="March 1931">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1931" title="April 1931">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1931" title="May 1931">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1931" title="June 1931">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1931" title="July 1931">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1931" title="August 1931">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1931" title="September 1931">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1931" title="October 1931">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1931" title="November 1931">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1931" title="December 1931">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1930" title="January 1930">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1930" title="February 1930">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1930" title="March 1930">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1930" title="April 1930">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1930" title="May 1930">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1930" title="June 1930">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1930" title="July 1930">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1930" title="August 1930">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1930" title="September 1930">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1930" title="October 1930">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1930" title="November 1930">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1930" title="December 1930">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1929" title="January 1929">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1929" title="February 1929">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1929" title="March 1929">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1929" title="April 1929">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1929" title="May 1929">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1929" title="June 1929">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1929" title="July 1929">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1929" title="August 1929">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1929" title="September 1929">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1929" title="October 1929">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1929" title="November 1929">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1929" title="December 1929">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1928" title="January 1928">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1928" title="February 1928">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1928" title="March 1928">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1928" title="April 1928">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1928" title="May 1928">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1928" title="June 1928">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1928" title="July 1928">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1928" title="August 1928">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1928" title="September 1928">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1928" title="October 1928">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1928" title="November 1928">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1928" title="December 1928">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1927" title="January 1927">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1927" title="February 1927">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1927" title="March 1927">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1927" title="April 1927">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1927" title="May 1927">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1927" title="June 1927">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1927" title="July 1927">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1927" title="August 1927">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1927" title="September 1927">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1927" title="October 1927">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1927" title="November 1927">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1927" title="December 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