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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>As a dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Funaná_kaminhu_di_férru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funaná_kaminhu_di_férru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span><i>Funaná kaminhu di férru</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funaná_kaminhu_di_férru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funaná_maxixi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funaná_maxixi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span><i>Funaná maxixi</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funaná_maxixi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funaná_samba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funaná_samba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span><i>Funaná samba</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funaná_samba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funaná_morna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funaná_morna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span><i>Funaná morna</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funaná_morna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples_of_funanás" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples_of_funanás"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Examples of <i>funanás</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples_of_funanás-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div 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French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Funaná" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funan%C3%A1" title="Funaná – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Funaná" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funan%C3%A1" title="Funaná – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Funaná" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funan%C3%A1" title="Funaná – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Funaná" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Music genre from Cape Verde</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Funaná</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dan%C3%A7arinas_de_funan%C3%A1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Dan%C3%A7arinas_de_funan%C3%A1.jpg/300px-Dan%C3%A7arinas_de_funan%C3%A1.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Dan%C3%A7arinas_de_funan%C3%A1.jpg/450px-Dan%C3%A7arinas_de_funan%C3%A1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Dan%C3%A7arinas_de_funan%C3%A1.jpg/600px-Dan%C3%A7arinas_de_funan%C3%A1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Female funaná dancers.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><b>funaná</b></i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[funɐˈna]</a></span> is a music and dance genre from <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a>. <i>Funaná</i> is an accordion-based music. The rhythm is usually provided by the <i><b><a href="/wiki/Ferrinho" title="Ferrinho">ferrinho</a></b></i> much like the use of <a href="/wiki/Washboard_(musical_instrument)" title="Washboard (musical instrument)">washboards</a> in zydeco, the saw in Caribbean <a href="/wiki/Ripsaw_music" title="Ripsaw music">ripsaw music</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, the <a href="/wiki/Scraper_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scraper (instrument)">scraper</a> in Sub-Saharan African music<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and the <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCiro" title="Güiro">güiro</a> in Latin and Pre-Columbian music<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funan%C3%A1&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a music genre, the <i>funaná</i> is characterized by having a variable <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</a>, from <i>vivace</i> to <i>andante</i>, and a 2-beat <a href="/wiki/Rhythm" title="Rhythm">rhythm</a>. The <i>funaná</i> is intimately associated to the <a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">accordion</a>, more precisely to the <a href="/wiki/Diatonic_button_accordion" title="Diatonic button accordion">diatonic accordion</a>, commonly known as <i><b>gaita</b></i> in Cape Verde. This influences a lot of musical aspects that characterize the <i>funaná</i>, such as the fact that, in its most traditional form, the funaná uses only <a href="/wiki/Diatonic_and_chromatic" title="Diatonic and chromatic">diatonic scales</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Gonçalves_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonçalves-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and not chromatic ones. </p><p>The structure of a <i>funaná</i> composition is not very different from the structure of other musical genres in Cape Verde, i.e., basically the music is structured through a set of main <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strophe_(music)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strophe (music) (page does not exist)">strophes</a> that alternate with a <a href="/wiki/Refrain" title="Refrain">refrain</a>. The main difference is that between the different strophes and the refrain there is a solo played on the accordion.<sup id="cite_ref-Gonçalves_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonçalves-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The music is generally <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monotony_(music)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monotony (music) (page does not exist)">monotonic</a>. </p><p>The accompaniment is made with the left hand on the accordion, providing a <a href="/wiki/Bass_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bass (music)">bass</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chord_(music)" title="Chord (music)">chords</a>. The rhythmic model is played on the <i><a href="/wiki/Ferrinho" title="Ferrinho">ferrinho</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gonçalves_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonçalves-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melodic</a> line of the <i>funaná</i> varies a lot through the composition, with a lot of series of ascending and descending notes. The <i>funaná</i> singers occasionally use the <i><a href="/wiki/Dynamics_(music)" title="Dynamics (music)">sforzando</a></i> technique in certain notes, specially if they are long (imitation of the accordion?). </p><p>The lyrics of the <i>funaná</i> generally talk about everyday situations, mentioning the sorrows and the happiness of quotidian life, but they also talk about social criticism, reflections about life and idyllic situations. Recent composers however have expanded the themes. Another characteristic of <i>funaná</i> is that the lyrics are not made in a direct way, but frequently use figures of speech, proverbs and popular sayings. Example: </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <th width="250">lyrics in Creole: </th> <th width="250">word by word translation to English: </th> <th width="250">real meaning: </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ódju mó’ lua</i>, (...)<br /><i>Pistána sí’ma árcu-dâ-bédja</i><br /><i>Bóca sí’ma câ tâ cúme nada</i><br /><i>Ôi, Séma Lópi, côrpu dí tchõ, álma dí Crístu</i></td> <td>Eyes like the moon, (...)<br />Eyebrows like the rainbow<br />Mouth like doesn't eat anything<br />Oh, Sema Lopi, body of ground, soul of Christ</td> <td>Open wide eyes, (...)<br />Completely arched eyebrows<br />Mouth of who starves<br />Oh, Sema Lopi, everybody steps on you, but you forgive everyone </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><small>Excerpt of the lyrics of “Sema Lopi” by Sema Lopi.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table> <tbody><tr> <th width="250">lyrics in Creole: </th> <th width="250"> </th> <th width="250">real meaning: </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ôi, ôi, pêtu dí brônzi,<br />Coraçõ dí bulcõ,<br />Sí bú crê saltâ-m’ nhâ rubêra,<br />Bú tâ câi nâ mánsu-mánsu</i> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>Oh Oh, my little brass</i><br /><i>With a warm heart</i><br /><i>If you want do date me</i><br /><i>You will live something soft</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><small>Excerpt of the lyrics of "Pêtu di brônzi" by João Cirilo.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table> <tbody><tr> <th width="250">lyrics in Creole: </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>Tunúca,<br />Crê-’u, câ pecádu,<br />Dâ-’u, câ tâ fládu,<br />Mâ, sô bú dâ-m’ quí tenê-m’</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><small>Excerpt of the lyrics of "Tunuca" by <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Pantera" title="Orlando Pantera">Orlando Pantera</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>That requires a good knowledge of popular culture and language, and that's why recent compositions, compositions from younger authors or compositions from authors with little contact with popular culture do not always use this poetry technique. </p><p>Concerning instrumentation, in its most traditional form, the <i>funaná</i> only uses the accordion and the <i>ferrinho</i>. With the stylization and electrification other instruments are used: the rhythm provided by the <i>ferrinho</i> is made on a <a href="/wiki/Drum_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Drum set">drum set</a> together with other percussion instruments (a <a href="/wiki/Shaker_(percussion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaker (percussion)">shaker</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Cabasa" title="Cabasa">cabasa</a>); the bass/accompaniment played on the accordion is replaced by a <a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">bass guitar</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">electric guitar</a>; the melody played on the accordion is replaced by a <a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">synthesizer</a>. By the end of the 90's, there is a certain revival where the unplugged (acoustic) performances are sought after, in which electronic instruments are relegated in favor to authentic accordions and <i>ferrinhos</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_a_dance">As a dance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funan%C3%A1&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: As a dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a dance, <i>funaná</i> is a couple dance, with the partners embracing each other with an arm while with the other arm they hold on the hands together. The dance is made through alternated quick and strong inflexions of each knee, marking the beats of the rhythm. In the more rural way of dancing, the bodies are slightly inclined to the front (having shoulder contact), and the feet lift off the ground. In the more urban way of dancing, more stylized, the bodies are more vertical (having chest contact), and the feet drag on the ground. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funan%C3%A1&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>funaná</i> is a relatively recent musical genre. According to the oral tradition,<sup id="cite_ref-Gonçalves_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonçalves-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Veiga_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Veiga-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <i>funaná</i> appeared when, in an attempt of acculturation, the accordion would have been introduced in <a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Cape_Verde" title="Santiago, Cape Verde">Santiago</a> island in the beginning of the 20th century, in order to the population to learn Portuguese musical genres. The result, however, would have been completely different: it would be the creation of a new and genuine music genre. There aren't, nevertheless, musicological documents to prove that. Even so, it's still curious the fact that, even being a totally different musical genre, the usage of the accordion and the ferrinho in the <i>funaná</i> is analogous to the usage of the accordion and the <a href="/wiki/Triangle_(musical_instrument)" title="Triangle (musical instrument)">triangle</a> in certain Portuguese folk music genres (<a href="/wiki/Malh%C3%A3o" title="Malhão">malhão</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corridinho" title="Corridinho">corridinho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vira_(dance)" title="Vira (dance)">vira</a>, etc.) </p><p>Other sources, also from oral tradition,<sup id="cite_ref-Gonçalves_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonçalves-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> trace back another origin. They place the origins of the <i>funaná</i> in the increase of accordion importations as a cheap substitute for <a href="/wiki/Organ_(music)" title="Organ (music)">organs</a> to play religious music. The <i>funaná</i> would have then appeared as an adaptation for the accordion of other musical genres that were in vogue then. </p><p>The name “<i>funaná</i>” itself is also recent,<sup id="cite_ref-Veiga_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Veiga-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and dates back probably from the 60's and 70's. For some, the word derives from the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> word “<i>fungagá</i>”. For others the name comes from the merging of the names of two great players, one of accordion and the other of <i>ferrinho</i>, named <b>Funa</b> and <b>Naná</b>. The older words for designating the <i>funaná</i><sup id="cite_ref-Fernandes_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fernandes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were “<i>fuc-fuc</i>” and “<i>badju l’ gaita</i>”. </p><p>Initially a genre exclusively from Santiago, for a long time the <i>funaná</i> was relegated to a rural context and/or for the less favourished social classes. It has even been forbidden its performance in the capital, where it was the <i><a href="/wiki/Morna_(music)" title="Morna (music)">morna</a></i> that had a more prestigious and noble character. </p><p>But during the 1970s, and mostly after the independence, there had been essays of reviving certain musical genres, among them the <i>funaná</i>. The post-independence socialist ideology, with its struggle against the social classes differences, was a fertile field for the (re)birth of the <i>funaná</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Catchás_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catchás-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These essays weren't successful mostly because “the <i>funaná</i> couldn't step away from the <i><a href="/wiki/Coladeira" title="Coladeira">coladeira</a></i>”<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p><p>It was necessary to wait for the 1980s in order the band <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulimundo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulimundo (page does not exist)">Bulimundo</a> and specially its mentor Carlos Alberto Martins (a.k.a. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catch%C3%A1s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catchás (page does not exist)">Catchás</a>) make a true revival of the <i>funaná</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gonçalves_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonçalves-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Going to “drink” directly to the source (inner Santiago island), Catchás profited his <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a> knowledge<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> to make up a new style of playing the <i>funaná</i>, leaning in <a href="/wiki/Electric_instrument" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric instrument">electric</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_musical_instrument" title="Electronic musical instrument">electronic</a> instruments,<sup id="cite_ref-Catchás_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catchás-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that would influence nearly all artists from now on. Thanks to the success of Bulimundo, the <i>funaná</i> was exported to all the islands in Cape Verde. Today, the <i>funaná</i> is no longer seen as a genre exclusively from Santiago, being composed, performed and appreciated by people from all the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-Fragata_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fragata-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If the 80's were the years of the spreading of the <i>funaná</i> within Cape Verde, the 90's were the years of the internationalization.<sup id="cite_ref-Gonçalves_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonçalves-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The band <a href="/wiki/Fina%C3%A7on" title="Finaçon">Finaçon</a>, born from a split of the band Bulimundo, was one of the responsible for the internationalization of this genre, thanks to a contract with a renowned foreign record label.<sup id="cite_ref-Fragata_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fragata-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not only the <i>funaná</i> had become known internationally, but it is also performed by musical bands abroad, being cape verdean bands or not. </p><p>Concerning musical techniques there are no big innovations to the “Catchás’ style”, maybe perhaps only regarding the instrumentation (the possibilities of electronic instruments are explored). We can also notice, in this period, the excessive commercialization and banalization of the <i>funaná</i>. For instance, during a certain year, there has been an attempt of disclosing the <i>funaná</i> in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. That attempt was not successful because <i>funaná</i> was sold as a kind of “summer in-vogue music” (right after the <a href="/wiki/Lambada" title="Lambada">lambada</a>), and not exploring the ethno-musical particularities of the <i>funaná</i>. </p><p>By the end of the 90's, we can assist to a return to the roots,<sup id="cite_ref-Gonçalves_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonçalves-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the bands prefer to perform with authentic accordions and <i>ferrinhos</i> (occasionally a bass, a drum set and/or a guitar is added). One of the leading bands of this new trend was the band <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferro_Gaita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferro Gaita (page does not exist)">Ferro Gaita</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funan%C3%A1&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>funaná</i> has several variants,<sup id="cite_ref-Gonçalves_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonçalves-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> not all of them well known and not all of them known by its true name. Here is the description of some: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Funan%C3%A1_rhythm.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Funan%C3%A1_rhythm.png/300px-Funan%C3%A1_rhythm.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Funan%C3%A1_rhythm.png/450px-Funan%C3%A1_rhythm.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Funan%C3%A1_rhythm.png/600px-Funan%C3%A1_rhythm.png 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="207" /></a><figcaption>Rhythmic model of <i>funaná kaminhu di ferru</i>, ± 150 <a href="/wiki/Beats_per_minute" class="mw-redirect" title="Beats per minute">bpm</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funaná_kaminhu_di_férru"><span id="Funan.C3.A1_kaminhu_di_f.C3.A9rru"></span><i>Funaná kaminhu di férru</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funan%C3%A1&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Funaná kaminhu di férru"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is the most known variant of the <i>funaná</i>. Generally when the word “<i>funaná</i>” is used alone it refers to this variant which is the one that is more successful, specially in dancing. It is a variant that reminds a <a href="/wiki/March_(music)" title="March (music)">march</a> but with a <i>vivace</i> tempo. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Funan%C3%A1_rhythm.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Funan%C3%A1_rhythm.png/300px-Funan%C3%A1_rhythm.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Funan%C3%A1_rhythm.png/450px-Funan%C3%A1_rhythm.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Funan%C3%A1_rhythm.png/600px-Funan%C3%A1_rhythm.png 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="207" /></a><figcaption>Rhythmic model of <i>funaná maxixi</i>, ± 120 <a href="/wiki/Beats_per_minute" class="mw-redirect" title="Beats per minute">bpm</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funaná_maxixi"><span id="Funan.C3.A1_maxixi"></span><i>Funaná maxixi</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funan%C3%A1&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Funaná maxixi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name of this variant probably comes from the musical genre <i><a href="/wiki/Maxixe_(dance)" title="Maxixe (dance)">maxixe</a></i> that was once in vogue in Cape Verde. It is a variant that looks like the previous one, but with an <i>allegro</i> tempo. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuada_rhythm.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Tuada_rhythm.png/300px-Tuada_rhythm.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Tuada_rhythm.png/450px-Tuada_rhythm.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Tuada_rhythm.png/600px-Tuada_rhythm.png 2x" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="207" /></a><figcaption>Rhythmic model of <i>funaná samba</i>, ± 96 <a href="/wiki/Beats_per_minute" class="mw-redirect" title="Beats per minute">bpm</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funaná_samba"><span id="Funan.C3.A1_samba"></span><i>Funaná samba</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funan%C3%A1&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Funaná samba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In spite of the name, this variant has no relationship with the present Brazilian genre <a href="/wiki/Samba" title="Samba">samba</a>. It seems to be an adaptation of the <i><a href="/wiki/Lundu_(dance)" title="Lundu (dance)">lundum</a></i> to the accordion techniques. The tempo is slower<sup id="cite_ref-Brito_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brito-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>andante</i>) and the rhythm is different from the other variants, it is quite similar to the <i>toada</i>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Funan%C3%A1_lentu_rhythm.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Funan%C3%A1_lentu_rhythm.png/300px-Funan%C3%A1_lentu_rhythm.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Funan%C3%A1_lentu_rhythm.png/450px-Funan%C3%A1_lentu_rhythm.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Funan%C3%A1_lentu_rhythm.png/600px-Funan%C3%A1_lentu_rhythm.png 2x" data-file-width="1021" data-file-height="207" /></a><figcaption>Rhythmic model of slow <i>funaná</i>, ± 92 <a href="/wiki/Beats_per_minute" class="mw-redirect" title="Beats per minute">bpm</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funaná_morna"><span id="Funan.C3.A1_morna"></span><i>Funaná morna</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funan%C3%A1&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Funaná morna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Practically, it is not known by this name, it is more known as <b>slow <i>funaná</i></b>. It seems to be an adaptation of the <i>morna</i> to the accordion techniques, with an andante tempo. While during a long time it was the <i>morna</i> (<i>badju di viulinu</i>) that enjoyed some prestige in urban contexts and noble dance rooms, in rural contexts a slower version of <i>funaná</i> (<i>badju di gaita</i>) was developed in contraposition.<sup id="cite_ref-Gonçalves_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonçalves-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curiously, this variant has the same tempo as the Boa Vista <i>morna</i> and not the Brava <i>morna</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples_of_funanás"><span id="Examples_of_funan.C3.A1s"></span>Examples of <i>funanás</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funan%C3%A1&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Examples of funanás"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Funan%C3%A1" title="Special:EditPage/Funaná">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><i>Funaná kaminhu di férru</i> <ul><li>“Djonsinho Cabral”, traditional<br /><small>performed by Os Tubarões in the album <i>Djonsinho Cabral</i> (Ed. Os Tubarões, Ref. T-003 — 1978)</small></li> <li>“Sant’ Antoni la Belêm”, traditional<br /><small> performed by Bulimundo in the album <i>Batuco</i> (Ed. Black Power Records, Rotterdam, Ref. Lp 2233 — 1981)</small></li> <li>“Si manera” from Zeca di Nha Reinalda<br /><small> performed by <a href="/wiki/Fina%C3%A7on" title="Finaçon">Finaçon</a> in the album <i>Funaná</i> (Ed. Mélodie, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> — 1990)</small></li> <li>“Matrialistas” from Kino Cabral<br /><small> performed by Kino Cabral in the album <i>?</i> (Ed. Kino Cabral, ? — 1992)</small></li> <li>“Moças di Mangui” from Eduíno, Chando Graciosa and Bitori Nha Bibinha<br /><small> performed by Ferro Gaita in the album <i>Fundu Baxu</i> (Ed. ?, ? — 1997)</small></li></ul></li> <li><i>Funaná maxixi</i> <ul><li>“Canta cu alma sem ser magoado” from Pedro Rodrigues<br /><small> performed by <a href="/wiki/Bana_(singer)" title="Bana (singer)">Bana</a> in the album <i>Bana</i> (Ed. Discos Monte Cara, — 19??)</small></li> <li>“Pomba” from <a href="/wiki/Cod%C3%A9_di_Dona" title="Codé di Dona">Codé di Dona</a><br /><small> performed by Codé di Dona in the album <i>Codé di Dona</i> (Ed. Globe Music, ? — 1997)</small></li> <li>“Nôs cultura” from Eduíno<br /><small> performed by Ferro Gaita in the album <i>Bandêra Liberdadi</i> (Ed. ?, ? — 2003)</small></li> <li>“Puxim Semedo” from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kak%C3%A1_di_Lina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaká di Lina (page does not exist)">Kaká di Lina</a> and Eduíno<br /><small> performed by Eduíno e Petcha in the album <i>Terra Terra Vol. 1</i> (Ed. ?, ? — 2007)</small></li></ul></li> <li><i>Funaná samba</i> <ul><li>“Djentis d’ aságua” from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zez%C3%A9_di_Nha_Reinalda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zezé di Nha Reinalda (page does not exist)">Zezé di Nha Reinalda</a><br /><small> performed by Zezé di Nha Reinalda in the album <i>Djentis d’ aságua</i> (Ed. ICL, <a href="/wiki/Praia" title="Praia">Praia</a> — 198?)</small></li> <li>“Fomi 47” from Codé di Dona<br /><small> performed by <a href="/wiki/Fina%C3%A7on" title="Finaçon">Finaçon</a> in the album <i>Rabecindadi</i> (Ed. ?, <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> — 1987)</small></li> <li>“Codjeta” from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kak%C3%A1_Barbosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaká Barbosa (page does not exist)">Kaká Barbosa</a><br /><small> performed by <a href="/wiki/Simentera" title="Simentera">Simentera</a> in the album <i>Raiz</i> (Ed. Mélodie, Paris — 1992)</small></li></ul></li> <li>Slow <i>funaná</i> <ul><li>“Sema Lopi” from Sema Lopi<br /><small> performed by Bulimundo in the album <i>Bulimundo</i> (Ed. Black Power Records, <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, Ref. L.P. 1943 — 1980; Reed. Sons d’África, Lisbon — 2005)</small></li> <li>“Pombinha Mansa” from ? <br /><small> performed by Bulimundo in the album <i>Batuco</i> (Ed. Black Power Records, Rotterdam, Ref. Lp 2233 — 1981)</small></li> <li>“Kortel di rabidanti” from Kaká Barbosa<br /><small> performed by <a href="/wiki/Zeca_Afonso" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeca Afonso">Zeca</a> & Zezé di Nha Reinalda in the album <i>Konbersu’l tristi, korbu nha xintidu</i> (Ed. ?, Lisbon — 1983)</small></li> <li>“Li qu’ ê nha tchon” from Pedro Rodrigues<br /><small> performed by Os Tubarões in the album <i>Bote, broce e linha</i> (Ed. ?, ? — 1990)</small></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funan%C3%A1&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Riu_Funana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Riu_Funana.jpg/300px-Riu_Funana.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Riu_Funana.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="292" /></a><figcaption>Funaná hotel resort and villas in Santa Maria in the south of Sal</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/RIU_Hotels" title="RIU Hotels">RIU Hotels</a> opened one of its first resort and villas in the west of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria,_Cape_Verde" title="Santa Maria, Cape Verde">Santa Maria</a> in the southwest end of the island of <a href="/wiki/Sal,_Cape_Verde" title="Sal, Cape Verde">Sal</a> named Riu Funaná after the music genre. </p><p>Every year, a best funaná is awarded at the <a href="/wiki/Cabo_Verde_Music_Awards" title="Cabo Verde Music Awards">Cabo Verde Music Awards</a> since its first edition in 2011. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funan%C3%A1&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Gonçalves-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gonçalves_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gonçalves_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gonçalves_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gonçalves_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gonçalves_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gonçalves_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gonçalves_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gonçalves_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gonçalves_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gonçalves_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Gon%C3%A7alves" title="Carlos Filipe Gonçalves">Gonçalves, C. F.</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kab_Verd_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="Kab Verd Band">Kab Verd Band</a></i> — 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Veiga-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Veiga_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Veiga_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Veiga, A. G., <i>Badjo di Gaita na Ilha de Santiago</i>, in <i>Voz di Povo</i> — edições de 14 e 23 de Agosto de 1982</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fernandes-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fernandes_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fernandes, A. N., <i>O dialecto crioulo — Léxico do dialecto crioulo do Arquipélago de Cabo Verde</i> — 1969</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Catchás-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Catchás_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Catchás_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Martins, C. A., <i>Funaná, a maior conquista</i> in Tribuna — Dezembro de 1986</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fragata-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fragata_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fragata_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Funaná — O cartão de Visita de Cabo Verde</i> in Fragata, n.º 10 — Janeiro de 1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brito-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brito_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brito, M., <i>Breves Apontamentos sobre as Formas Musicais existentes em Cabo Verde</i> — 1998</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funan%C3%A1&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The rough guide to the music of Cape Verde : morna, funáná, coladeira : music of sweet sorrow</i> (compil. Phil Stanton), World music network, London, Harmonia mundi, 2001</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funan%C3%A1&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.attambur.com/Recolhas/PDF/FormasMusicaisCaboVerde.pdf">Breves Apontamentos sobre as Formas Musicais existentes em Cabo Verde</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caboindex.com/musica/">Música e Cabo-verdianos em Lisboa</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.markusleukel.com/MP3/funana.mp3">Funaná rapido</a> Listening example, by Codé di Dona (accordion) and his son Lucio di Dona (ferrinho). From <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110714040153/http://www.markusleukel.com/DEUTSCH/Cabo_Verde_Projekt_Body.html">Cabo Verde Projekt</a>, a report (in German) about a project to document Cape Verdian rhythms</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Genres_of_African_popular_music" title="Template:Genres of African popular music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Genres_of_African_popular_music" title="Template talk:Genres of African popular music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Genres_of_African_popular_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Genres of African popular music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Genres_of_African_popular_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Genres of <a href="/wiki/African_popular_music" title="African popular music">African popular music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_blues" title="African blues">African blues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desert_blues" title="Desert blues">desert blues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_hip_hop" title="African hip hop">African hip hop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_hip_hop" title="Algerian hip hop">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_hip_hop" title="Gambian hip hop">Gambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gh_hiphop" class="mw-redirect" title="Gh hiphop">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_hip_hop" title="Ivorian hip hop">Ivorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_hip_hop" title="Kenyan hip hop">Kenyan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boomba_music" title="Boomba music">Boomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genge" title="Genge">Genge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_hip_hop" title="Malawian hip hop">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_hip_hop" title="Moroccan hip hop">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauritian hip hop">Mauritian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_rap" title="Igbo rap">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerien_hip_hop" title="Nigerien hip hop">Nigerien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_hip_hop" title="Senegalese hip hop">Senegalese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_galsen" title="Hip hop galsen">Hip hop galsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_hip_hop" title="Tanzanian hip hop">Tanzanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bongo_Flava" title="Bongo Flava">Bongo Flava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenji_flava" title="Zenji flava">Zenji flava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_hip_hop" title="Togolese hip hop">Togolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_hip_hop" title="Zimbabwean hip hop">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_reggae" title="African reggae">African reggae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_reggae" title="Nigerian reggae">Nigerian reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seggae" title="Seggae">Seggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimdancehall" title="Zimdancehall">Zimdancehall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat">Afrobeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeats" title="Afrobeats">Afrobeats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-rock">Afro-rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_heavy_metal" title="African heavy metal">African heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamrock" title="Zamrock">Zamrock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-soul" title="Afro-soul">Afro-soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt%C3%A9" title="Alté">Alté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amapiano" title="Amapiano">Amapiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambasse_bey" title="Ambasse bey">Ambasse bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apala" title="Apala">Apala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assiko" title="Assiko">Assiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azonto" title="Azonto">Azonto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajourou" title="Bajourou">Bajourou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantowbol" title="Bantowbol">Bantowbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batuque_(music_and_dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Batuque (music and dance)">Batuque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bend-skin" title="Bend-skin">Bend-skin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benga_music" title="Benga music">Benga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikutsi" title="Bikutsi">Bikutsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_jazz" title="Cape jazz">Cape jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaabi_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaabi (music)">Chaabi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaabi_(Algeria)" title="Chaabi (Algeria)">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaabi_(Morocco)" title="Chaabi (Morocco)">Moroccan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimurenga_music" title="Chimurenga music">Chimurenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Col%C3%A1" title="Colá">Colá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coladeira" title="Coladeira">Coladeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_rumba" title="Congolese rumba">Congolese rumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9-d%C3%A9cal%C3%A9" title="Coupé-décalé">Coupé-décalé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edo_Funk" title="Edo Funk">Edo Funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_music" title="Fuji music">Fuji</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Funaná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnawa_music" title="Gnawa music">Gnawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gqom" title="Gqom">Gqom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlife" title="Highlife">Highlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burger-highlife" title="Burger-highlife">Burger-highlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_highlife" title="Igbo highlife">Igbo highlife</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipco" title="Hipco">Hipco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiplife" title="Hiplife">Hiplife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isicathamiya" title="Isicathamiya">Isicathamiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaiva" title="Jaiva">Jaiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jit" title="Jit">Jit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B9j%C3%BA_music" title="Jùjú music">Jùjú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadongo_Kamu" title="Kadongo Kamu">Kadongo Kamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidandali" title="Kidandali">Kidandali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizomba" title="Kizomba">Kizomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuduro" title="Kuduro">Kuduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwaito" title="Kwaito">Kwaito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwela" title="Kwela">Kwela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logobi" title="Logobi">Logobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madiaba" title="Madiaba">Madiaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahraganat" title="Mahraganat">Mahraganat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makossa" title="Makossa">Makossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marabi" title="Marabi">Marabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrabenta" title="Marrabenta">Marrabenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maloya" title="Maloya">Maloya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbalax" title="Mbalax">Mbalax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbaqanga" title="Mbaqanga">Mbaqanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbube_(genre)" title="Mbube (genre)">Mbube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morna_(music)" title="Morna (music)">Morna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_pop" title="Moroccan pop">Moroccan pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motswako" title="Motswako">Motswako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muziki_wa_dansi" title="Muziki wa dansi">Muziki wa dansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndombolo" title="Ndombolo">Ndombolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Njuup" title="Njuup">Njuup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odi_Pop" title="Odi Pop">Odi Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm-wine_music" title="Palm-wine music">Palm-wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%AF" title="Raï">Raï</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%AF%27n%27B" title="Raï'n'B">Raï'n'B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakara_music" title="Sakara music">Sakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salegy" title="Salegy">Salegy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%C3%A9_engag%C3%A9" title="Santé engagé">Santé engagé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_(genre)" title="Sega (genre)">Sega</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seggae" title="Seggae">Seggae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semba" title="Semba">Semba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaabi" title="Shaabi">Shaabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangaan_electro" title="Shangaan electro">Shangaan Electro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singeli" title="Singeli">Singeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soukous" title="Soukous">Soukous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sudan#The_1930s_up_to_the_1950s_–_Rise_of_popular_music_through_records,_radio_and_music_halls" title="Music of Sudan">Sudanese popular music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taarab" title="Taarab">Taarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabanka" title="Tabanka">Tabanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarraxinha" title="Tarraxinha">Tarraxinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassoulou_music" title="Wassoulou music">Wassoulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaley" title="Zaley">Zaley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziglibithy" title="Ziglibithy">Ziglibithy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_jazz" title="Zimbabwean jazz">Zimbabwean jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoblazo" title="Zoblazo">Zoblazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zouglou" title="Zouglou">Zouglou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_from_Lusophone_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lusophone_countries_music" title="Template:Lusophone countries music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lusophone_countries_music" title="Template talk:Lusophone countries music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lusophone_countries_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lusophone countries music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_from_Lusophone_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Music from <a href="/wiki/Geographical_distribution_of_Portuguese_speakers" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographical distribution of Portuguese speakers">Lusophone countries</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Angola" title="Music of Angola">Angola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kizomba" title="Kizomba">Kizomba</a> <ul><li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batid%C3%A3o_rom%C3%A2ntico" class="extiw" title="pt:Batidão romântico">Batidão romântico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuduro" title="Kuduro">Kuduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semba" title="Semba">Semba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarraxinha" title="Tarraxinha">Tarraxinha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brazil" title="Music of Brazil">Brazil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ax%C3%A9" title="Axé">Axé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai%C3%A3o_(music)" title="Baião (music)">Baião</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_bass" class="extiw" title="pt:Brazilian bass">Brazilian bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_hip_hop" title="Brazilian hip hop">Brazilian hip hop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia_hip_hop" title="Brasília hip hop">Brasília hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stronda" title="Stronda">Stronda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilante_rap" title="Vigilante rap">Vigilante rap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_jazz" title="Brazilian jazz">Brazilian jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_rock" title="Brazilian rock">Brazilian rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_thrash_metal" title="Brazilian thrash metal">Brazilian thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forrocore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forrocore (page does not exist)">Forrocore</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forrocore" class="extiw" title="pt:Forrocore">pt</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_rock" title="Samba rock">Samba rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropic%C3%A1lia" title="Tropicália">Tropicália</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brega_(music)" title="Brega (music)">Brega</a> <ul><li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brega_funk" class="extiw" title="pt:Brega funk">Brega funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brega_pop" title="Brega pop">Brega pop</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electrobrega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electrobrega (page does not exist)">Electrobrega</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrobrega" class="extiw" title="pt:Electrobrega">pt</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tecno_brega" title="Tecno brega">Tecno brega</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamarrita" title="Chamarrita">Chamarrita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choro" title="Choro">Choro</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chula_(Rio_Grande_do_Sul)" class="extiw" title="pt:Chula (Rio Grande do Sul)">Chula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forr%C3%B3" title="Forró">Forró</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frevo" title="Frevo">Frevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_carioca" title="Funk carioca">Funk carioca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funk_melody" title="Funk melody">Funk melody</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funk_carioca#Funknejo" class="extiw" title="pt:Funk carioca">Funknejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_ostenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Funk ostentação">Funk ostentação</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_ousadia" title="Funk ousadia">Funk ousadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proibid%C3%A3o" title="Proibidão">Proibidão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasteirinha" title="Rasteirinha">Rasteirinha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guitarrada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guitarrada (page does not exist)">Guitarrada</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitarrada" class="extiw" title="pt:Guitarrada">pt</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_popular_brasileira" title="Música popular brasileira">Música popular brasileira</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brega_pop" title="Brega pop">Brega pop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisadinha" title="Pisadinha">Pisadinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seresta_(music)" title="Seresta (music)">Seresta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sertanejo_music" title="Sertanejo music">Sertanejo music</a> <ul><li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funk_carioca#Funknejo" class="extiw" title="pt:Funk carioca">Funknejo</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_sertaneja#Primeira_era_-_Música_Caipira_ou_Música_Sertaneja_Raiz" class="extiw" title="pt:Música sertaneja">Música Caipira</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_sertaneja#Primeira_era_-_Música_Caipira_ou_Música_Sertaneja_Raiz" class="extiw" title="pt:Música sertaneja">Música Sertaneja Raiz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaner%C3%A3o" class="extiw" title="pt:Vanerão">Vanerão</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Samba" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Samba" title="Samba">Samba</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Rio_urban_samba" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Rio urban samba</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Main subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batucada" title="Batucada">Batucada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova">Bossa nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagode" title="Pagode">Pagode</a> <ul><li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagode_baiano" class="extiw" title="pt:Pagode baiano">Bahian pagode</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagode_rom%C3%A2ntico" class="extiw" title="pt:Pagode romântico">Pagode romântico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partido_alto" title="Partido alto">Partido alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba-can%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Samba-canção">Samba-canção</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_de_breque" title="Samba de breque">Samba de breque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba-enredo" title="Samba-enredo">Samba-enredo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Fusion genres of Samba</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samba-choro" title="Samba-choro">Samba-choro</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba-funk" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba-funk">Samba-funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba-jazz" title="Samba-jazz">Samba-jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_reggae" title="Samba reggae">Samba reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambass" title="Sambass">Sambass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Ballroom dance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samba_de_Gafieira" title="Samba de Gafieira">Samba de Gafieira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_rock" title="Samba rock">Samba rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Bahian samba</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Rural sambo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba-batido" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba-batido">Samba-batido</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba-chulado" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba-chulado">Samba-chulado</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba-corrido" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba-corrido">Samba-corrido</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_de_roda" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba de roda">Samba de roda</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_duro" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba duro">Samba duro</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_junino" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba junino">Samba junino</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba-raiado" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba-raiado">Samba-raiado</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Urban sambo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagode_baiano" class="extiw" title="pt:Pagode baiano">Bahian pagode</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_afro" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba afro">Samba afro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_reggae" title="Samba reggae">Samba reggae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cape_Verde" title="Music of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batuque_(music_and_dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Batuque (music and dance)">Batuque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Col%C3%A1" title="Colá">Colá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coladeira" title="Coladeira">Coladeira</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Funaná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morna_(music)" title="Morna (music)">Morna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabanka" title="Tabanka">Tabanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mozambique" title="Music of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marrabenta" title="Marrabenta">Marrabenta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Portugal" title="Music of Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cante_Alentejano" title="Cante Alentejano">Cante Alentejano</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chula_(Portugal)" class="extiw" title="pt:Chula (Portugal)">Chula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamarrita" title="Chamarrita">Chamarrita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desgarrada" title="Desgarrada">Desgarrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fado" title="Fado">Fado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_tuga" title="Hip hop tuga">Hip hop tuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimba" title="Pimba">Pimba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese rock">Portuguese rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_East_Timor" title="Music of East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Goa" title="Music of Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Music of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Macau" title="Music of Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Music of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baila_music" title="Baila music">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_music" title="Latin music">Latin music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Funaná&oldid=1248002729">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Funaná&oldid=1248002729</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African_dances" title="Category:African dances">African dances</a></li><li><a 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