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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Majority bonus system</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="نظام مكافأة الأغلبية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام مكافأة الأغلبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verh%C3%A4ltniswahlrecht_mit_Mehrheitsbonus" title="Verhältniswahlrecht mit Mehrheitsbonus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verhältniswahlrecht mit Mehrheitsbonus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prima_de_gobernabilidad" title="Prima de gobernabilidad – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Prima de gobernabilidad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_majoritaire" title="Prime majoritaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Prime majoritaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_di_maggioranza" title="Premio di maggioranza – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Premio di maggioranza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99" title="שיטת הבונוס להשגת רוב קואליציוני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שיטת הבונוס להשגת רוב קואליציוני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6bbs%C3%A9gi_b%C3%B3nusz" title="Többségi bónusz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Többségi bónusz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majoritetsbonus" title="Majoritetsbonus – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Majoritetsbonus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Мажоритарная бонусная система – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мажоритарная бонусная система" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87" title="ระบบเสียงข้างมากแบบเพิ่มที่นั่ง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบเสียงข้างมากแบบเพิ่มที่นั่ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87o%C4%9Funluk_ikramiye_sistemi" title="Çoğunluk ikramiye sistemi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çoğunluk ikramiye sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81%D1%83_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96" title="Система бонусу більшості – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Система бонусу більшості" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Majority_bonus_system" title="Special:EditPage/Majority bonus system">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Majority+bonus+system%22">"Majority bonus system"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Majority+bonus+system%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Majority+bonus+system%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Majority+bonus+system%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Majority+bonus+system%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Majority+bonus+system%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonus_vs_jackpot_mixed.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bonus_vs_jackpot_mixed.png/400px-Bonus_vs_jackpot_mixed.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bonus_vs_jackpot_mixed.png/600px-Bonus_vs_jackpot_mixed.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bonus_vs_jackpot_mixed.png/800px-Bonus_vs_jackpot_mixed.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A simple bonus system (left) is also called a fusion type of mixed system. It mixes the FPTP and PR formulas in the same district and tier. A majority jackpot (right) is a supermixed system with a conditional and compensatory element as well.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">A joint <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portal:Economics" title="Portal:Economics">Economics</a> series</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-top:1px #fafafa solid; border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef; background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Social_choice_theory" title="Social choice theory">Social choice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">electoral systems</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Electoral-systems-gears.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Electoral-systems-gears.svg/128px-Electoral-systems-gears.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Electoral-systems-gears.svg/192px-Electoral-systems-gears.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Electoral-systems-gears.svg/256px-Electoral-systems-gears.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_choice_theory" title="Social choice theory">Social choice</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mechanism_design" title="Mechanism design">Mechanism design</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_politics" title="Comparative politics">Comparative politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_voting_rules" title="Comparison of voting rules">Comparison</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_electoral_systems" title="List of electoral systems">List</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_electoral_systems_by_country" title="List of electoral systems by country">By country</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Single-member_district" title="Single-member district">Single-winner methods</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b>Single vote - <a href="/wiki/Plurality_voting" title="Plurality voting">plurality</a> methods</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">First preference plurality (FPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">Two-round</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title=""><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>:</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_blanket_primary" title="Nonpartisan blanket primary">Jungle primary</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">Partisan primary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant-runoff_voting" title="Instant-runoff voting">Instant-runoff</a> <ul><li><abbr style="font-size:85%" title=""><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>:</abbr> Alternative vote (AV)</li> <li><abbr style="font-size:85%" title=""><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>:</abbr> Ranked-choice (RCV)</li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Condorcet_method" title="Condorcet method">Condorcet methods</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tideman_alternative_method" title="Tideman alternative method">Condorcet-IRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round-robin_voting" title="Round-robin voting">Round-robin voting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minimax_Condorcet_method" title="Minimax Condorcet method">Minimax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schulze_method" title="Schulze method">Schulze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranked_pairs" title="Ranked pairs">Ranked pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximal_lottery" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximal lottery">Maximal lottery</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Positional_voting" title="Positional voting">Positional voting</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First-preference_plurality" class="mw-redirect" title="First-preference plurality">Plurality</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title=""><a href="/wiki/Sequential_elimination_method" title="Sequential elimination method">el.</a></abbr> <a href="/wiki/Instant-runoff_voting" title="Instant-runoff voting">IRV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borda_count" title="Borda count">Borda count</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title=""><a href="/wiki/Sequential_elimination_method" title="Sequential elimination method">el.</a></abbr> <a href="/wiki/Baldwin%27s_method" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldwin's method">Baldwin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-plurality_voting" title="Anti-plurality voting">Antiplurality</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title=""><a href="/wiki/Sequential_elimination_method" title="Sequential elimination method">el.</a></abbr> <a href="/wiki/Coombs_method" class="mw-redirect" title="Coombs method">Coombs</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Rated_voting" title="Rated voting">Cardinal voting</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Score_voting" title="Score voting">Score voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Approval_voting" title="Approval voting">Approval voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highest_median_voting_rules" title="Highest median voting rules">Majority judgment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STAR_voting" title="STAR voting">STAR voting</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">Proportional representation</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">Party-list</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apportionment_(politics)" title="Apportionment (politics)">Apportionment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highest_averages_method" title="Highest averages method">Highest averages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Largest_remainder_method" class="mw-redirect" title="Largest remainder method">Largest remainders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_remnant" title="National remnant">National remnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biproportional_apportionment" title="Biproportional apportionment">Biproportional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_list" title="Electoral list">List type</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closed_list" title="Closed list">Closed list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_list" title="Open list">Open list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panachage" title="Panachage">Panachage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justified_representation" title="Justified representation">List-free PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localized_list" title="Localized list">Localized list</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Electoral_quota" title="Electoral quota">Quota-remainder methods</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_transferable_vote" title="Single transferable vote">Hare STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schulze_STV" title="Schulze STV">Schulze STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPO-STV" title="CPO-STV">CPO-STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quota_Borda_system" title="Quota Borda system">Quota Borda</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Approval-based_committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Approval-based committee">Approval-based committees</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proportional_approval_voting" title="Proportional approval voting">Thiele's method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phragmen%27s_voting_rules" title="Phragmen's voting rules">Phragmen's method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expanding_approvals_rule" title="Expanding approvals rule">Expanding approvals rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Method_of_equal_shares" title="Method of equal shares">Method of equal shares</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Fractional_social_choice" title="Fractional social choice">Fractional social choice</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct_representation" title="Direct representation">Direct representation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_representation" title="Interactive representation">Interactive representation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_democracy" title="Liquid democracy">Liquid democracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fractional_approval_voting" title="Fractional approval voting">Fractional approval voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximal_lottery" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximal lottery">Maximal lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random_ballot" title="Random ballot">Random ballot</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Semi-proportional_representation" title="Semi-proportional representation">Semi-proportional representation</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumulative_voting" title="Cumulative voting">Cumulative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_non-transferable_vote" title="Single non-transferable vote">SNTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_voting" title="Limited voting">Limited voting</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Mixed_electoral_system" title="Mixed electoral system">Mixed systems</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b>By results of combination</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-member_majoritarian_representation" title="Mixed-member majoritarian representation">Mixed-member majoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-member_proportional_representation" title="Mixed-member proportional representation">Mixed-member proportional</a></li></ul> <hr /><b>By mechanism of combination</b> <ul><li><b>Non-<a href="/wiki/Compensation_(electoral_systems)" title="Compensation (electoral systems)">compensatory</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_voting" title="Parallel voting">Parallel (superposition)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coexistence_(electoral_systems)" title="Coexistence (electoral systems)">Coexistence</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conditional_electoral_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conditional electoral system (page does not exist)">Conditional</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fusion (majority bonus)</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Compensation_(electoral_systems)" title="Compensation (electoral systems)">Compensatory</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seat_linkage_mixed_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seat linkage mixed system (page does not exist)">Seat linkage system</a> <ul><li><abbr style="font-size:85%" title=""><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>:</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Additional_member_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Additional member system">'AMS'</a></li> <li><abbr style="font-size:85%" title=""><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">NZ</a>:</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Mixed-member_proportional" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed-member proportional">'MMP'</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vote_linkage_mixed_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote linkage mixed system">Vote linkage system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scorporo" title="Scorporo">Negative vote transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_ballot_transferable_vote" title="Mixed ballot transferable vote">Mixed ballot</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_electoral_system" title="Mixed electoral system">Supermixed systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dual-member_proportional_representation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual-member proportional representation">Dual-member proportional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural%E2%80%93urban_proportional_representation" title="Rural–urban proportional representation">Rural–urban proportional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majority_jackpot_system" title="Majority jackpot system">Majority jackpot</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>By ballot type</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_single_vote" title="Mixed single vote">Single vote</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_simultaneous_vote" title="Double simultaneous vote">Double simultaneous vote</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_electoral_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed electoral systems">Dual-vote</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Pathological_(mathematics)#Voting" title="Pathological (mathematics)">Paradoxes and pathologies</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b>Spoiler effects</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spoiler_effect" title="Spoiler effect">Spoiler effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_clones" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of clones">Cloning paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condorcet_winner_criterion" title="Condorcet winner criterion">Frustrated majorities paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_squeeze" title="Center squeeze">Center squeeze</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Pathological response</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perverse_response" class="mw-redirect" title="Perverse response">Perverse response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Best-is-worst_paradox" title="Best-is-worst paradox">Best-is-worst paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-show_paradox" title="No-show paradox">No-show paradox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_districts_paradox" title="Multiple districts paradox">Multiple districts paradox</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Strategic_voting" title="Strategic voting">Strategic voting</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sincere_favorite_criterion" title="Sincere favorite criterion">Lesser evil voting</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Electoral_systems_sidebar" title="Template:Electoral systems sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Electoral_systems_sidebar" title="Template talk:Electoral systems sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Electoral_systems_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Electoral systems sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>plurality</b> or <b>majority bonus system (MBS)</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Mixed_electoral_system" title="Mixed electoral system">mixed-member</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semi-proportional_representation" title="Semi-proportional representation">partly-proportional</a> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">electoral system</a> that gives extra seats in a <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a> to the party with a <a href="/wiki/Plurality_(voting)" title="Plurality (voting)">plurality</a> or <a href="/wiki/Majority" title="Majority">majority</a> of seats. Typically, this is done with the aim of providing government stability, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary systems</a>. </p><p>The size of the majority bonus can vary substantially, and is usually a fixed number of seats, and may be <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conditional_electoral_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conditional electoral system (page does not exist)">conditional</a> on the number of votes for each party. A relatively small majority bonus (such as in the reinforced proportionality system of Greece) may not always guarantee that a single party can form a government. A the same time, as the majority bonus is allocated in a non-<a href="/wiki/Compensation_(electoral_systems)" title="Compensation (electoral systems)">compensatory</a> manner, therefore if the majority bonus if as high as 50% and the largest party which has 50% of the popular vote receives it, this party may win as many as 75% of all seats. This differentiates it from the similar <a href="/wiki/Majority_jackpot_system" title="Majority jackpot system">majority jackpot system</a>. </p><p>It is currently used in <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Greece" title="Elections in Greece">Greece</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on a local level in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, it is used in the <a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Santa_Fe" title="Legislature of Santa Fe">Chamber of Deputies of Santa Fe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Chubut" title="Legislature of Chubut">Chubut</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Entre_R%C3%ADos" title="Legislature of Entre Ríos">Entre Ríos</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanism">Mechanism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majority_bonus_system&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mechanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bonus system adds a certain fixed number of additional seats to the winning party or alliance. In the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Parliament">Greek Parliament</a> up to a sixth of the assembly seats are reserved as extra seats for the winning party. In the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Regional_Assembly" title="Sicilian Regional Assembly">Sicilian Regional Assembly</a>, a tenth of the assembly seats are granted to the winning coalition on top of those allocated proportionally. The size of majority bonuses may vary greatly, from as low as a few seats to up to 50%. In case of a bonus of 50%, the party also received their proportional share of the other 50% seats, which make a <a href="/wiki/Supermajority" title="Supermajority">supermajority</a> almost certain. </p><p>The following table shows how small (10%), medium (25%) and large (50%) majority bonuses would work without any additional distortions of proportional systems. Using an <a href="/wiki/Electoral_threshold" title="Electoral threshold">electoral threshold</a> or an <a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">apportionment method</a> favoring large parties would give an even larger bonus to the largest party. The reason why the difference of the seats share and vote share (the effective bonus) is lower than the bonus is that the number of non-bonus seats to be allocated proportionally is less than the total number of seats. If all parties would get their full proportional number of seats, and one party would get the (nominal) bonus on top of that, the total number of seats would increase. While this means the size of the effective bonus (without other factors giving an effective bonus) if always smaller than the nominal one in terms of percentages, this naturally means all the parties who don't receive a bonus have a naturally less seats than they would proportionally. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nominal size of bonus <p>(%) </p> </th> <th>Vote share <p>of the largest party (%) </p> </th> <th>Vote share <p>of the 2nd largest party (%) </p> </th> <th>Appr. seat share <p>of the largest party (%) </p> </th> <th>Appr. seat share <p>of the 2nd largest party (%) </p> </th></tr> <tr> <td>10% </td> <td><b>30%</b> </td> <td>25% </td> <td><b>37%</b> </td> <td>23% </td></tr> <tr> <td>25% </td> <td><b>30%</b> </td> <td>25% </td> <td><b>48%</b> </td> <td>19% </td></tr> <tr> <td>50% </td> <td><b>30%</b> </td> <td>25% </td> <td><b>65%</b> </td> <td>13% </td></tr> <tr> <td>10% </td> <td><b>45%</b> </td> <td>25% </td> <td><b>51%</b> </td> <td>23% </td></tr> <tr> <td>25% </td> <td><b>45%</b> </td> <td>25% </td> <td><b>59%</b> </td> <td>19% </td></tr> <tr> <td>55% </td> <td><b>45%</b> </td> <td>25% </td> <td><b>75%</b> </td> <td>11% </td></tr> <tr> <td>10% </td> <td><b>60%</b> </td> <td>25% </td> <td><b>64%</b> </td> <td>23% </td></tr> <tr> <td>25% </td> <td><b>60%</b> </td> <td>25% </td> <td><b>70%</b> </td> <td>19% </td></tr> <tr> <td>55% </td> <td><b>60%</b> </td> <td>25% </td> <td><b>82%</b> </td> <td>11% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The bonus system is <i>unconditional</i> and <i>non-compensatory,</i> while its goal in a political science sense is to provide for stable majorities (a bonus lower than 50%) does not ensure it and applies also when a stable majority can already be formed. This is the main difference between a majority bonus and a majority jackpot. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bonus_and_jackpot">Bonus and jackpot</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majority_bonus_system&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bonus and jackpot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Majority_jackpot_system" title="Majority jackpot system">Majority jackpot system</a></div> <p>The difference between the majority bonus and a majority jackpot is shown in the following table, where the largest party receives a majority bonus/jackpot. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Size of <p>bonus (%) </p> </th> <th rowspan="2">Size of <p>jackpot (%) </p> </th> <th rowspan="2">Vote share of the <p>largest party (%) </p> </th> <th colspan="2">Appr. seat share of the largest party (%) </th> <th rowspan="2">Effective bonus </th></tr> <tr> <th>Bonus system </th> <th>Jackpot system </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>10%</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>45% </td> <td><b>51%</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>6%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>25%</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>45% </td> <td><b>59%</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>14%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>50%</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>45% </td> <td><b>73%</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>28%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><b>50%</b> </td> <td>45% </td> <td> </td> <td><b>50%</b> </td> <td><b>5%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><b>55%</b> </td> <td>45% </td> <td> </td> <td><b>55%</b> </td> <td><b>10%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><b>60%</b> </td> <td>45% </td> <td> </td> <td><b>60%</b> </td> <td><b>15%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>10%</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>55% </td> <td><b>60%</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>5%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>25%</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>55% </td> <td><b>66%</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>11%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>50%</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>55% </td> <td><b>78%</b> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>23%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>50% </td> <td><b>55%</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>55% </td> <td>0% </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><b>55%</b> </td> <td><b>55%</b> </td> <td> </td> <td>55% </td> <td>0% </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><b>60%</b> </td> <td>55% </td> <td> </td> <td><b>60%</b> </td> <td><b>5%</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The jackpot system essentially gives the size of the jackpot or the vote share (whichever is higher, making it a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conditional_electoral_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conditional electoral system (page does not exist)">conditional system</a> and an effectively flexible "bonus"), while the bonus system gives the bonus and a proportional share of the rest of the seats. The jackpot only modifies the seat share when the largest party's proportional seats count based on its vote share is below the size of the jackpot. </p><p>As the table shows, especially with a high bonus/jackpot, the two methods lead to different result, with the bonus always providing a higher seat share. For this reason the two are not usually directly compared in this, majority bonuses tend to be smaller than jackpots<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. The effect of a 55% jackpot for example is better compared to a bonus of around 10% to 30%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effective_majority_bonuses">Effective majority bonuses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majority_bonus_system&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Effective majority bonuses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many <a href="/wiki/Winner-take-all_system" title="Winner-take-all system">winner-take-all</a> electoral system have been described as providing a bonus to certain parties. Systems using single-member districts, particularly <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first-preference plurality</a> (FPP) usually favor candidates of larger parties. A Common argument for <a href="/wiki/Mixed-member_majoritarian_representation" title="Mixed-member majoritarian representation">mixed-member majoritarian</a> implementations of <a href="/wiki/Parallel_voting" title="Parallel voting">parallel voting</a> is an effective bonus for certain parties. Some properties of other mixed systems such as so called the "winner compensation" element of Hungarian electoral system have been criticized for being effectively just a majority bonus disguised as compensation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Overhang_seat" title="Overhang seat">Overhang seats</a> in systems using the <a href="/wiki/Mixed-member_proportional_representation" title="Mixed-member proportional representation">mixed-member proportional</a> principle are also effectively bonus seats for certain parties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majority_bonus_system&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority bonus system was adopted by other European countries, especially <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> in 2004, and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Italy</a> for regional and municipal elections. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Type of election </th> <th>Type of system </th> <th>Used since </th> <th>Size of bonus </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Andorra</b> </td> <td>local elections </td> <td>plurality bonus </td> <td> </td> <td>50% </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Greece</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Greece" title="Elections in Greece">national elections</a> (legislative) </td> <td>plurality bonus </td> <td> </td> <td>0%-16.66%<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Not used in <a href="/wiki/May_2023_Greek_legislative_election" title="May 2023 Greek legislative election">May 2023</a> but restored as of <a href="/wiki/June_2023_Greek_legislative_election" title="June 2023 Greek legislative election">June 2023</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><b>France</b> </td> <td>French Polynesia </td> <td>majority bonus (two-round) </td> <td> </td> <td>1-4 seats per district (23%-29%) </td> <td>Used in multi-member districts, but the majority bonus in all districts is given to the same party. </td></tr> <tr> <td>municipal elections (above 3500 inhabitants) </td> <td>majority bonus (two-round) </td> <td>1982 </td> <td>50% </td> <td>If the leading party gets 50% of the vote, they get half the seats and the other half are distributed proportionally (leading party gets at least 75% in total).<b><sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> If no party gets 50% there is a second round (with all parties above 10% contesting) and the winner of the second round gets the bonus 50%. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><b>Italy</b> </td> <td>regional elections </td> <td>plurality bonus (supermixed) </td> <td> </td> <td>20% </td> <td>2 ballots (votes), <a href="/wiki/Split-ticket_voting" title="Split-ticket voting">ticket splitting</a> is allowed, second ballot (one used for bonus) <a href="/wiki/Double_simultaneous_vote" title="Double simultaneous vote">is also used</a> for electing the regional presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>municipal elections<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majority_bonus_system&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> was the first politician to enact a law to give automatic seats to the winning party and ensured his victory in the <a href="/wiki/1924_Italian_general_election" title="1924 Italian general election">1924 Italian general election</a>. This was a <a href="/wiki/Majority_jackpot_system" title="Majority jackpot system">majority jackpot system</a>, a precursor to the majority bonus system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majority_bonus_system&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A bill abolishing the majority bonus in favor of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a> was introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Syriza" title="Syriza">Syriza</a>-led coalition government in 2016, but did not take effect until the second election after it was passed, i.e. that of <a href="/wiki/May_2023_Greek_legislative_election" title="May 2023 Greek legislative election">May 2023</a>. This change was undone in 2020 by the incumbent <a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_(Greece)" title="New Democracy (Greece)">New Democracy</a> government (albeit with a slight modification of the original system), so the majority bonus was restored as of the <a href="/wiki/June_2023_Greek_legislative_election" title="June 2023 Greek legislative election">June 2023 election</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The current system as of September 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Majority_bonus_system&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> gives no bonus to the first party if it gets less than 25% of the vote. If it gets more than that, then it gets a bonus of 20 seats plus one seat for every 0.5% of the vote above 25% capping off at 50 seats which is reached at 40%.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majority_bonus_system&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.15129.34407">https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.15129.34407</a> Electoral incentives and the equal value of ballots in vote transfer systems with positive winner compensation</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ekathimerini.com/248820/article/ekathimerini/news/parliament-votes-to-change-election-law">"Parliament votes to change election law"</a>. <i>www.ekathimerini.com</i>. 24 January 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200125025345/http://www.ekathimerini.com/248820/article/ekathimerini/news/parliament-votes-to-change-election-law">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Mixed electoral systems: a conceptual and empirical survey". <i>Electoral Studies</i>. <b>18</b> (3): 341–366. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0261-3794%2898%2900063-8">10.1016/S0261-3794(98)00063-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electoral+Studies&rft.atitle=Mixed+electoral+systems%3A+a+conceptual+and+empirical+survey&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=341-366&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0261-3794%2898%2900063-8&rft.au=Massicotte+%26+Blais&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajority+bonus+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Italy/Political-process">"Italy - Politics, Regions, Constitution | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. 2024-08-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Italy+-+Politics%2C+Regions%2C+Constitution+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2024-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FItaly%2FPolitical-process&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajority+bonus+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaciagliAlan_S._ZuckermanIstituto_Carlo_Cattaneo2001" class="citation book cs1">Caciagli, Mario; Alan S. Zuckerman; Istituto Carlo Cattaneo (2001). <i>Italian Politics: Emerging Themes and Institutional Responses</i>. 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