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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Common_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Common features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Triple_tradition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Triple_tradition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Triple tradition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Triple_tradition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Example" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Example"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Example</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Example-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relation_to_Mark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relation_to_Mark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Relation to Mark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relation_to_Mark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Double_tradition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Double_tradition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Double tradition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Double_tradition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_Matthew_and_Special_Luke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_Matthew_and_Special_Luke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Special Matthew and Special Luke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_Matthew_and_Special_Luke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synoptic_problem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synoptic_problem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Synoptic problem</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Synoptic_problem-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Synoptic problem subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Synoptic_problem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conclusions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conclusions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Conclusions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conclusions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Theories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Synoptic Gospels</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الأناجيل الإزائية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأناجيل الإزائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D5%B5%D6%81_%D4%B1%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Համացոյց Աւետարաններ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Համացոյց Աւետարաններ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Сінаптычныя Евангеллі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сінаптычныя Евангеллі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Сынаптычныя Эвангельлі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сынаптычныя Эвангельлі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Синоптични евангелия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Синоптични евангелия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelis_sin%C3%B2ptics" title="Evangelis sinòptics – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Evangelis sinòptics" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptick%C3%A9_evangelium" title="Synoptické evangelium – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Synoptické evangelium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptiske_evangelier" title="Synoptiske evangelier – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Synoptiske evangelier" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptische_Evangelien" title="Synoptische Evangelien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Synoptische Evangelien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCnoptilised_evangeeliumid" title="Sünoptilised evangeeliumid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sünoptilised evangeeliumid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%95%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Συνοπτικά Ευαγγέλια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συνοπτικά Ευαγγέλια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelios_sin%C3%B3pticos" title="Evangelios sinópticos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Evangelios sinópticos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinoptikaj_evangelioj" title="Sinoptikaj evangelioj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sinoptikaj evangelioj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebanjelio_sinoptikoak" title="Ebanjelio sinoptikoak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ebanjelio sinoptikoak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7" title="انجیل‌های هم‌نوا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انجیل‌های هم‌نوا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89vangiles_synoptiques" title="Évangiles synoptiques – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Évangiles synoptiques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptyske_evangeeljes" title="Synoptyske evangeeljes – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Synoptyske evangeeljes" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanxeos_sin%C3%B3pticos" title="Evanxeos sinópticos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Evanxeos sinópticos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EA%B4%80%EB%B3%B5%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%9C" title="공관복음서 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="공관복음서" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopti%C4%8Dka_evan%C4%91elja" title="Sinoptička evanđelja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sinoptička evanđelja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injil_Sinoptik" title="Injil Sinoptik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Injil Sinoptik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelios_synoptic" title="Evangelios synoptic – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Evangelios synoptic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vangeli_sinottici" title="Vangeli sinottici – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vangeli sinottici" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injili_Ndugu" title="Injili Ndugu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Injili Ndugu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelia_synoptica" title="Evangelia synoptica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Evangelia synoptica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptici" title="Synoptici – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Synoptici" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanjelios_sinotica" title="Evanjelios sinotica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Evanjelios sinotica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vangeli_sinotegh" title="Vangeli sinotegh – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vangeli sinotegh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szinoptikusok" title="Szinoptikusok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szinoptikusok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filazantsara_sin%C3%B4ptika" title="Filazantsara sinôptika – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Filazantsara sinôptika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="സമാന്തരസുവിശേഷങ്ങൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സമാന്തരസുവിശേഷങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الاناجيل السينوبتيكيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الاناجيل السينوبتيكيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B2%D3%A9%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%8D" title="Дөрвөн дагалдагчийн бичсэн Сайн Мэдээ – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дөрвөн дагалдагчийн бичсэн Сайн Мэдээ" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptische_evangeli%C3%ABn" title="Synoptische evangeliën – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Synoptische evangeliën" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Синоптические Евангелия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Синоптические Евангелия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Synoptic Gospels" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptick%C3%A9_evanjelium" title="Synoptické evanjelium – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Synoptické evanjelium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopsa" title="Sinopsa – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sinopsa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%86%D9%BE%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="ئینجیلی سینۆپتی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئینجیلی سینۆپتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%92%D0%B5%D1%99%D0%B0" title="Синоптичка јеванђеља – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Синоптичка јеванђеља" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptiset_evankeliumit" title="Synoptiset evankeliumit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Synoptiset evankeliumit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptiska_evangelier" title="Synoptiska evangelier – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Synoptiska evangelier" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="ஒத்தமை நற்செய்தி நூல்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒத்தமை நற்செய்தி நூல்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="พระวรสารสหทรรศน์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระวรสารสหทรรศน์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg/360px-Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="464" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg/540px-Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg/720px-Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Over three-quarters of Mark's content is found in both Matthew and Luke, and 97% of Mark is found in at least one of the other two synoptic gospels. Additionally, Matthew (24%) and Luke (23%) have material in common that is not found in Mark.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Jesus_Stilling_the_Tempest_(J%C3%A9sus_calmant_la_temp%C3%AAte)_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Jesus_Stilling_the_Tempest_%28J%C3%A9sus_calmant_la_temp%C3%AAte%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg/220px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Jesus_Stilling_the_Tempest_%28J%C3%A9sus_calmant_la_temp%C3%AAte%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Jesus_Stilling_the_Tempest_%28J%C3%A9sus_calmant_la_temp%C3%AAte%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg/330px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Jesus_Stilling_the_Tempest_%28J%C3%A9sus_calmant_la_temp%C3%AAte%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Jesus_Stilling_the_Tempest_%28J%C3%A9sus_calmant_la_temp%C3%AAte%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg/440px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Jesus_Stilling_the_Tempest_%28J%C3%A9sus_calmant_la_temp%C3%AAte%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="506" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Calming_the_storm" title="Calming the storm">calming of the storm</a> is recounted in each of the three synoptic gospels, but not in <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a>.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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/></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canons</a> and books</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist nowrap"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Tanakh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist nowrap"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament (OT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament (NT)</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">Deuterocanon</a></li> <li><a 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title="Authorship of the Petrine epistles">Petrine epistles</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Johannine works</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations" title="Bible translations">Translations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biblical_manuscript" title="Biblical manuscript">manuscripts</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea scrolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targum" 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identified in extra-biblical sources">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_places" title="List of biblical places">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_names" title="List of biblical names">Names</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Biblia_Hebraica_Stuttgartensia" title="Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia">Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rahlfs%27_edition_of_the_Septuagint" title="Alfred Rahlfs' edition of the Septuagint">Rahlfs' Septuagint</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Novum_Testamentum_Graece" title="Novum Testamentum Graece">Novum Testamentum Graece</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_hypothesis" title="Documentary hypothesis">Documentary hypothesis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#The_synoptic_problem">Synoptic problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Categories_of_New_Testament_manuscripts" title="Categories of New Testament manuscripts">NT textual categories</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Biblical_criticism" title="Biblical criticism">Biblical criticism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_criticism" title="Historical criticism">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_criticism" title="Textual criticism">Textual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_criticism_(biblical_studies)" title="Source criticism (biblical studies)">Source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_criticism" title="Form criticism">Form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redaction_criticism" title="Redaction criticism">Redaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_criticism" title="Canonical criticism">Canonical</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Interpretation</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_hermeneutics" title="Biblical hermeneutics">Hermeneutics</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist nowrap"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pesher" title="Pesher">Pesher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardes_(exegesis)" title="Pardes (exegesis)">Pardes</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegorical_interpretation_of_the_Bible" title="Allegorical interpretation of the Bible">Allegorical interpretation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical-grammatical_method" title="Historical-grammatical method">Historical-grammatical method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_inspiration" title="Biblical inspiration">Inspiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_literalism" title="Biblical literalism">Literalism</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_the_Bible" title="Alcohol in the Bible">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Bible conspiracy theory">Conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_the_Bible" title="Ethics in the Bible">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_Bible" title="Capital punishment in the Bible">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_homosexuality" title="The Bible and homosexuality">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_humor" title="The Bible and humor">Humor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest_in_the_Bible" title="Incest in the Bible">Incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_and_the_Bible" title="Muhammad and the Bible">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_prophecy" title="Bible prophecy">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Rape in the Hebrew Bible">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpents_in_the_Bible" title="Serpents in the Bible">Serpents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Sex in the Hebrew Bible">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_slavery" title="The Bible and slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bible_and_violence" title="The Bible and violence">Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="War in the Hebrew Bible">Warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Bible" title="Women in the Bible">Women</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Perspectives</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnostic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_the_Bible" title="Islamic view of the Bible">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_narratives_in_the_Quran" title="Biblical narratives in the Quran">Quranic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_inerrancy" title="Biblical inerrancy">Inerrancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_infallibility" title="Biblical infallibility">Infallibility</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Bible" title="Criticism of the Bible">Criticism of the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_authority" title="Biblical authority">Biblical authority</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bible-related_topics" title="Outline of Bible-related topics">Outline of Bible-related topics</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/32px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/48px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/64px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bible_sidebar" title="Template:Bible sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bible_sidebar" title="Template talk:Bible sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bible_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bible sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">gospels</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a> are referred to as the <b>synoptic Gospels</b> because they include many of the same stories, often in a similar sequence and in similar or sometimes identical wording. They stand in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a>, whose content is largely distinct. The term <i>synoptic</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">synopticus</i>; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">συνοπτικός</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">synoptikós</i></span>) comes via Latin from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σύνοψις</span></span>, <i>synopsis</i>, i.e. "(a) seeing all together, synopsis".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern sense of the word in English is of "giving an account of the events from the same point of view or under the same general aspect".<sup id="cite_ref-etymology_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etymology-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is in this sense that it is applied to the synoptic gospels. </p><p>This strong <a href="/wiki/Parallel_passage" title="Parallel passage">parallelism</a> among the three gospels in content, arrangement, and specific language is widely attributed to literary interdependence,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the role of orality and memorization of sources has also been explored by scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-Derico_2018_368–369_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derico_2018_368–369-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kirk_2019_148–183_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirk_2019_148–183-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The question of the precise nature of their literary relationship—the <a href="#The_synoptic_problem">synoptic problem</a>—has been a topic of debate for centuries and has been described as "the most fascinating literary enigma of all time".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200132_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200132-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While no conclusive solution has been found yet, the longstanding majority view favors <a href="/wiki/Marcan_priority" title="Marcan priority">Marcan priority</a>, in which both Matthew and Luke have made direct use of the Gospel of Mark as a source, and further holds that Matthew and Luke also drew from an additional hypothetical document, called <i><a href="/wiki/Q_source" title="Q source">Q</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200120–21_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200120–21-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synoptic_Gospels&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Common_features">Common features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synoptic_Gospels&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Common features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Broadly speaking, the synoptic gospels are similar to John: all are composed in <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a>, have a similar length, and were completed in less than a century after Jesus' death. They also differ from non-canonical sources, such as the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Thomas" title="Gospel of Thomas">Gospel of Thomas</a>, in that they belong to the ancient genre of biography,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> collecting not only Jesus' teachings, but recounting in an orderly way his origins, his ministry, and his passion, and alleged miracles, and resurrection. </p><p>In content and in wording, though, the synoptics diverge widely from John but have a great deal in common with each other. Though each gospel includes some unique material, the majority of Mark and roughly half of Matthew and Luke coincide in content, in much the same sequence, often nearly verbatim. This common material is termed the <i>triple tradition</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Triple_tradition">Triple tradition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synoptic_Gospels&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Triple tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The triple tradition, the material included by all three synoptic gospels, includes many stories and teachings: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Temptation of Jesus">temptation</a> of Jesus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_disciples_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="First disciples of Jesus">First disciples of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hometown_rejection_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hometown rejection of Jesus">Hometown rejection of Jesus</a></li> <li>Healing of <a href="/wiki/Healing_the_mother_of_Peter%27s_wife" title="Healing the mother of Peter's wife">Peter's mother-in-law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exorcising_at_sunset" class="mw-redirect" title="Exorcising at sunset">demoniacs</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cleansing_a_leper" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleansing a leper">leper</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Paralytic_at_Capernaum" class="mw-redirect" title="Paralytic at Capernaum">paralytic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calling_of_Matthew" title="Calling of Matthew">Call of the tax collector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wine_into_Old_Wineskins" title="New Wine into Old Wineskins">New Wine into Old Wineskins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_with_withered_hand" class="mw-redirect" title="Man with withered hand">Man with withered hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioning_the_Twelve_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioning the Twelve Apostles">Commissioning the Twelve Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcising_the_blind_and_mute_man" title="Exorcising the blind and mute man">The Beelzebul controversy</a></li> <li>Teachings on the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_strong_man" class="mw-redirect" title="Parable of the strong man">parable of the strong man</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eternal_sin" title="Eternal sin">eternal sin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus%27_True_Relatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus' True Relatives">His true relatives</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_sower" class="mw-redirect" title="Parable of the sower">parable of the sower</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lamp_under_a_bushel" title="Lamp under a bushel">lamp under a bushel</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_mustard_seed" class="mw-redirect" title="Parable of the mustard seed">parable of the mustard seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calming_the_storm" title="Calming the storm">Calming the storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_of_the_Gerasene_demoniac" title="Exorcism of the Gerasene demoniac">The Gerasene demoniac</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Daughter_of_Jairus" class="mw-redirect" title="Daughter of Jairus">daughter of Jairus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jesus_healing_the_bleeding_woman" title="Jesus healing the bleeding woman">bleeding woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeding_the_5000" class="mw-redirect" title="Feeding the 5000">Feeding the 5000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confession_of_Peter" title="Confession of Peter">Confession of Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcising_a_boy_possessed_by_a_demon" title="Exorcising a boy possessed by a demon">The demoniac boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Children" class="mw-redirect" title="The Little Children">The little children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_and_the_rich_young_man" title="Jesus and the rich young man">The rich young man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_predicts_his_death" title="Jesus predicts his death">Jesus predicts his death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_near_Jericho" class="mw-redirect" title="Blind near Jericho">Blind near Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleansing_of_the_Temple" title="Cleansing of the Temple">Casting out the money changers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Render_unto_Caesar" title="Render unto Caesar">Render unto Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woes_of_the_Pharisees" title="Woes of the Pharisees">Woes of the Pharisees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming_Prophecy" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Coming Prophecy">Second Coming Prophecy</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion of Christ">passion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">crucifixion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Entombment_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Entombment of Christ">entombment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">The empty tomb and resurrected Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></div> <p>The triple tradition's <a href="/wiki/Pericopae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pericopae">pericopae</a> (passages) tend to be arranged in much the same order in all three gospels. This stands in contrast to the material found in only two of the gospels, which is much more variable in order.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200138_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200138-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The classification of text as belonging to the triple tradition (or for that matter, double tradition) is not always definitive, depending rather on the degree of similarity demanded. Matthew and Mark report the <a href="/wiki/Cursing_the_fig_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Cursing the fig tree">cursing of the fig tree</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a single incident, despite some substantial differences of wording and content. In Luke, the only <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_barren_fig_tree" title="Parable of the barren fig tree">parable of the barren fig tree</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is in a different point of the narrative. Some would say that Luke has extensively adapted an element of the triple tradition, while others would regard it as a distinct pericope. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Example">Example</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synoptic_Gospels&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Example"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChristCleansing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/ChristCleansing.jpg/220px-ChristCleansing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/ChristCleansing.jpg/330px-ChristCleansing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/ChristCleansing.jpg/440px-ChristCleansing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="659" data-file-height="916" /></a><figcaption>Christ cleansing a leper by Jean-Marie Melchior Doze, 1864</figcaption></figure> <p>An illustrative example of the three texts in parallel is the <a href="/wiki/Cleansing_a_leper" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleansing a leper">healing of the leper</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <th><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%208:2–3&version=nrsv">Mt 8:2–3</a></th> <th><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%201:40–42&version=nrsv">Mk 1:40–42</a></th> <th><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%205:12–13&version=nrsv">Lk 5:12–13</a> </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> <p><b>Καὶ</b> ἰδοὺ, <br /> <b>λεπρ</b>ὸς <br /> προσελθ<b>ὼν</b> <br /> προσεκύνει <br /> <b>αὐτ</b>ῷ <b>λέγων</b>· <br /> Κύριε, <b>ἐὰν θέλῃς</b> <br /> <b>δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι.</b> <br /> <b>καὶ</b> <br /> <b>ἐκτείνας τὴν χεῖρα</b> <br /> <b>ἥψατο αὐτοῦ</b> <br /> <b>λέγ</b>ων· <br /> <b>Θέλω, καθαρίσθητι·</b> <br /> <b>καὶ εὐθ</b>έως <br /> <br /> ἐκαθαρίσθη <br /> <b>αὐτοῦ ἡ λέπρα</b>. </p> </td> <td> <p><b>Καὶ</b> ἔρχεται πρὸς αὐτὸν <br /> <b>λεπρ</b>ὸς <br /> παρακαλ<b>ῶν</b> αὐτὸν <br /> καὶ γονυπετῶν <br /> καὶ <b>λέγων αὐτ</b>ῷ ὅτι, <br /> <b>Ἐὰν θέλῃς</b> <br /> <b>δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι.</b> <br /> <b>καὶ</b> σπλαγχνισθεὶς <br /> <b>ἐκτείνας τὴν χεῖρα</b> <br /> <b>αὐτοῦ ἥψατο</b> <br /> καὶ <b>λέγ</b>ει αὐτῷ· <br /> <b>Θέλω, καθαρίσθητι·</b> <br /> <b>καὶ εὐθ</b>ὺς <br /> ἀπῆλθεν ἀπ᾿ <br /> <b>αὐτοῦ ἡ λέπρα</b>, <br /> καὶ ἐκαθαρίσθη. </p> </td> <td> <p><b>Καὶ</b> ἰδοὺ, <br /> ἀνὴρ πλήρης <b>λέπρ</b>ας· <br /> ἰδ<b>ὼν</b> δὲ τὸν Ἰησοῦν <br /> πεσὼν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον <br /> ἐδεήθη <b>αὐτ</b>οῦ <b>λέγων</b>· <br /> Κύριε, <b>ἐὰν θέλῃς</b> <br /> <b>δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι.</b> <br /> <b>καὶ</b> <br /> <b>ἐκτείνας τὴν χεῖρα</b> <br /> <b>ἥψατο αὐτοῦ</b> <br /> <b>λέγ</b>ων· <br /> <b>Θέλω, καθαρίσθητι·</b> <br /> <b>καὶ εὐθ</b>έως <br /> <br /> <b>ἡ λέπρα</b> ἀπῆλθεν ἀπ᾿ <br /> <b>αὐτοῦ</b>. </p> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> <p><b>And</b> behold, <br /> <b>a leper</b> came <br /> <br /> and worships <br /> <br /> <b>him, saying:</b> <br /> Lord, <b>if you wish,</b> <br /> <b>I can be cleansed.</b> <br /> <br /> <b>And he stretched out his</b> <br /> <b>hand and touched him,</b> <br /> <b>say</b>ing<b>:</b> <br /> <b>I wish it; be cleansed.</b> <br /> <b>And immediately</b> <br /> his <b>leprosy</b> <br /> <br /> was cleansed. </p> </td> <td> <p><b>And</b>, calling out to him, <br /> there comes to him <b>a leper</b> <br /> <br /> and kneeling and <br /> <br /> <b>saying</b> to <b>him:</b> <br /> <b>If you wish,</b> <br /> <b>I can be cleansed.</b> <br /> <b>And</b>, moved with compassion, <br /> <b>he stretched out his</b> <br /> <b>hand and touched him</b> <br /> and <b>say</b>s to him<b>:</b> <br /> <b>I wish it; be cleansed.</b> <br /> <b>And immediately</b> <br /> the <b>leprosy</b> <br /> left him, <br /> and he was cleansed. </p> </td> <td> <p><b>And</b> behold, <br /> <b>a</b> man full of <b>lepr</b>osy. <br /> But, upon seeing Jesus,<br /> he fell upon his face<br /> and requested <br /> <b>him, saying:</b> <br /> Lord, <b>if you wish,</b> <br /> <b>I can be cleansed.</b> <br /> <br /> <b>And he stretched out his</b> <br /> <b>hand and touched him,</b> <br /> <b>say</b>ing<b>:</b> <br /> <b>I wish it; be cleansed.</b> <br /> <b>And immediately</b> <br /> the <b>leprosy</b> <br /> left him. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>More than half the wording in this passage is identical. Each gospel includes words absent in the other two and omits something included by the other two. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relation_to_Mark">Relation to Mark</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synoptic_Gospels&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Relation to Mark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Mark_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Saint_Mark_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Saint_Mark_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Saint_Mark_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Saint_Mark_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Saint_Mark_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Saint_Mark_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3106" data-file-height="4508" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a> writing <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">his Gospel</a>, from a medieval Armenian manuscript</figcaption></figure> <p>The triple tradition itself constitutes a complete gospel quite similar to the shortest gospel, Mark.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200138_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200138-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mark, unlike Matthew and Luke, adds little to the triple tradition. Pericopae unique to Mark are scarce, notably two <a href="/wiki/Deaf_mute_of_Decapolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaf mute of Decapolis">healings</a> involving <a href="/wiki/Blind_man_of_Bethsaida" title="Blind man of Bethsaida">saliva</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Naked_fugitive" title="Naked fugitive">naked runaway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mark's <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark#Content_unique_to_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">additions</a> within the triple tradition tend to be explanatory elaborations (e.g., "the stone was rolled back, <em>for it was very large</em><span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) or <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic of Jesus">Aramaisms</a> (e.g., "<a href="/wiki/Language_of_Jesus#Talitha_kum_(Ταλιθὰ_κούμ)" title="Language of Jesus"><i>Talitha kum</i>!</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). The pericopae Mark shares with only Luke are also quite few: the <a href="/wiki/Exorcism_at_the_Synagogue_in_Capernaum" class="mw-redirect" title="Exorcism at the Synagogue in Capernaum">Capernaum exorcism</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and departure from Capernaum,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Strange_exorcist" class="mw-redirect" title="Strange exorcist">strange exorcist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Widow%27s_mite" class="mw-redirect" title="Widow's mite">widow's mites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A greater number, but still not many, are shared with only Matthew, most notably the so-called "Great Omission"<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from Luke of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%206:45–8:26&version=nrsv">Mk 6:45–8:26</a>. </p><p>Most scholars take these observations as a strong clue to the literary relationship among the synoptics and Mark's special place in that relationship,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though various scholars suggest an entirely oral relationship or a dependence emphasizing memory and tradents in a tradition rather than simple copying.<sup id="cite_ref-Derico_2018_368–369_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derico_2018_368–369-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kirk_2019_148–183_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirk_2019_148–183-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hypothesis favored by most experts is <i><a href="/wiki/Marcan_priority" title="Marcan priority">Marcan priority</a></i>, whereby Mark was composed first, and Matthew and Luke each used Mark, incorporating much of it, with adaptations, into their own gospels. Alan Kirk praises Matthew in particular for his "scribal memory competence" and "his high esteem for and careful handling of both Mark and Q", which makes claims the latter two works are significantly different in terms of theology or historical reliability dubious.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A leading alternative hypothesis is <i><a href="/wiki/Marcan_posteriority" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcan posteriority">Marcan posteriority</a></i>, with Mark having been formed primarily by extracting what Matthew and Luke shared in common.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200181_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200181-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Double_tradition">Double tradition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synoptic_Gospels&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Double tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Synoptic_word-for-word.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Synoptic_word-for-word.png/320px-Synoptic_word-for-word.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Synoptic_word-for-word.png/480px-Synoptic_word-for-word.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Synoptic_word-for-word.png/640px-Synoptic_word-for-word.png 2x" data-file-width="1609" data-file-height="1560" /></a><figcaption>The preaching of John the Baptist in Matthew and Luke, with <b>differences</b> rendered in black.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here the two texts agree verbatim, with an isolated exception, for a span of over sixty words. Mark has no parallel.</figcaption></figure><p> An extensive set of material—some two hundred verses, or roughly half the length of the triple tradition—are the pericopae shared between Matthew and Luke, but absent in Mark. This is termed the <i>double tradition</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200139_ff_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200139_ff-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parables and other sayings predominate in the double tradition, but also included are narrative elements:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200140–41,_151–52_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200140–41,_151–52-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"></p><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li>Preaching of <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Temptation of Jesus">Temptation of Jesus</a> (which Mark summarizes in two verses)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a> (Matthew) or <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Plain</a> (Luke)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Centurion%27s_servant" class="mw-redirect" title="Centurion's servant">Centurion's servant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messengers_from_John_the_Baptist" title="Messengers from John the Baptist">Messengers from John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woes_to_the_unrepentant_cities" title="Woes to the unrepentant cities">Woes to the unrepentant cities</a></li> <li>Jesus thanks his Father</li> <li>Return of the unclean spirit</li> <li>Parables of <a href="/wiki/The_Leaven" class="mw-redirect" title="The Leaven">the leaven</a>, the <a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Sheep" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lost Sheep">lost sheep</a>, the <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Banquet" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Banquet">great banquet</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_talents" class="mw-redirect" title="Parable of the talents">talents</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Faithful_Servant" title="Parable of the Faithful Servant">faithful servant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woes_of_the_Pharisees" title="Woes of the Pharisees">Discourse against the scribes and Pharisees</a></li> <li>Lament over Jerusalem</li></ul></div> <p>Unlike triple-tradition material, double-tradition material is structured differently in the two gospels. Matthew's lengthy <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>, for example, is paralleled by Luke's shorter <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Sermon on the Plain</a>, with the remainder of its content scattered throughout Luke. This is consistent with the general pattern of Matthew collecting sayings into large blocks, while Luke does the opposite and intersperses them with narrative.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre2001124–26_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre2001124–26-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Besides the double tradition proper, Matthew and Luke often agree against Mark within the triple tradition to varying extents, sometimes including several additional verses, sometimes differing by a single word. These are termed the <i>major and minor agreements</i> (the distinction is imprecise<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre2001148–51_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre2001148–51-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). One example is in the passion narrative, where Mark has simply, "Prophesy!"<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Matthew and Luke both add, "Who is it that struck you?"<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre2001145–46_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre2001145–46-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The double tradition's origin, with its major and minor agreements, is a key facet of the synoptic problem. The simplest hypothesis is Luke relied on Matthew's work or vice versa. But many experts, on various grounds, maintain that neither Matthew nor Luke used the other's work. If this is the case, they must have drawn from some common source, distinct from Mark, that provided the double-tradition material and overlapped with Mark's content where major agreements occur. This hypothetical document is termed <i><a href="/wiki/Q_source" title="Q source">Q</a></i>, for the German <i>Quelle</i>, meaning "source".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre2001108_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre2001108-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_Matthew_and_Special_Luke">Special Matthew and Special Luke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synoptic_Gospels&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Special Matthew and Special Luke"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Matthew and Luke contain a large amount of material found in no other gospel.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These materials are sometimes called "Special Matthew" or <i><a href="/wiki/M_source" title="M source">M</a></i> and "Special Luke" or <i><a href="/wiki/L_source" title="L source">L</a></i>. </p><p>Both Special Matthew and Special Luke include distinct opening <a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">infancy narratives</a> and post-resurrection conclusions (with Luke continuing the story in his second book <a href="/wiki/Acts" class="mw-redirect" title="Acts">Acts</a>). In between, Special Matthew includes mostly parables, while Special Luke includes both parables and healings. </p><p>Special Luke is notable for containing a greater concentration of <a href="/wiki/Semitism_(linguistics)" title="Semitism (linguistics)">Semitisms</a> than any other gospel material.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Luke gives some indication of how he composed his gospel in his prologue:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauckham200665–66_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauckham200665–66-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>Since many have undertaken to set down an orderly account of the events that have been fulfilled among us, just as they were handed on to us by those who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and servants of the word, I too decided, after investigating everything carefully from the very first, to write an orderly account for you, most excellent <a href="/wiki/Theophilus_(biblical)" title="Theophilus (biblical)">Theophilus</a>, so that you may know the truth concerning the things about which you have been instructed.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synoptic_problem"><span class="anchor" id="The_synoptic_problem"></span>Synoptic problem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synoptic_Gospels&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Synoptic problem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Special:EditPage/Synoptic Gospels">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The "synoptic problem" is the question of the specific literary relationship among the three synoptic gospels—that is, the question as to the source or sources upon which each synoptic gospel depended when it was written. </p><p>The texts of the three synoptic gospels often agree very closely in wording and order, both in quotations and in narration. Most scholars ascribe this to <i>documentary dependence</i>, direct or indirect, meaning the close agreements among synoptic gospels are due to one gospel's drawing from the text of another, or from some written source that another gospel also drew from.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controversies">Controversies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synoptic_Gospels&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The synoptic problem hinges on several interrelated points of controversy: </p> <ul><li><b>Priority:</b> Which gospel was written first? (If one text draws from another, the source must have been composed first.)</li> <li><b>Successive dependence:</b> Did each of the synoptic gospels draw from each of its predecessors? (If not, the frequent agreements between the two independent gospels against the third must originate elsewhere.)</li> <li><b>Lost written sources:</b> Did any of the gospels draw from some earlier document which has not been preserved (e.g., the hypothetical <a href="/wiki/Q_source" title="Q source">"Q"</a>, or from earlier editions of other gospels)?</li> <li><b>Oral sources:</b> To what extent did each evangelist or literary collaborator<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> draw from personal knowledge, eyewitness accounts, liturgy, or other <a href="/wiki/Oral_gospel_traditions" title="Oral gospel traditions">oral traditions</a> to produce an original written account?</li> <li><b>Translation:</b> Jesus and others quoted in the gospels spoke primarily in <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic of Jesus">Aramaic</a>, but the gospels themselves in their oldest available form are each written in Koine Greek. Who performed the translations, and at what point?</li> <li><b>Redaction:</b> How and why did those who put the gospels into their final form expand, abridge, alter, or rearrange their sources?</li></ul> <p>Some<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (May 2019)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> theories try to explain the relation of the synoptic gospels to <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a>; to non-canonical gospels such as <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Thomas" title="Gospel of Thomas">Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Peter" title="Gospel of Peter">Peter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Egerton_Gospel" title="Egerton Gospel">Egerton</a>; to the <a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a>; and to lost documents such as the <a href="/wiki/Logia" title="Logia">Hebrew logia</a> mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Papias_of_Hierapolis" title="Papias of Hierapolis">Papias</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Jewish%E2%80%93Christian_gospels" title="Jewish–Christian gospels">Jewish–Christian gospels</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Marcion" title="Gospel of Marcion">Gospel of Marcion</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synoptic_Gospels&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Griesbach_-_Synopsis_Evangeliorum_p24.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Griesbach_-_Synopsis_Evangeliorum_p24.jpg/220px-Griesbach_-_Synopsis_Evangeliorum_p24.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Griesbach_-_Synopsis_Evangeliorum_p24.jpg/330px-Griesbach_-_Synopsis_Evangeliorum_p24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Griesbach_-_Synopsis_Evangeliorum_p24.jpg/440px-Griesbach_-_Synopsis_Evangeliorum_p24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1248" data-file-height="2132" /></a><figcaption>A page of Griesbach's <i>Synopsis Evangeliorum</i>, which presents the texts of the synoptic gospels arranged in columns</figcaption></figure> <p>Ancient sources virtually unanimously ascribe the synoptic gospels to the apostle <a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a>'s interpreter <a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a>, and to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Paul">Paul</a>'s companion <a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a>—hence their respective canonical names.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ancient authors, however, did not agree on which order the Gospels had been written. For example, <a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a> held that Matthew wrote first, Luke wrote second and Mark wrote third;<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the other hand, <a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a> argued that Matthew wrote first, Mark wrote second and Luke wrote third;,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a> states that John and Matthew were published first and that Mark and Luke came later.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Irenaeus precedes all these and orders his famous 'four pillar story' by John, Luke, Matthew, and Mark.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A remark by <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a> at the beginning of the fifth century presents the gospels as composed in their canonical order (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John), with each evangelist thoughtfully building upon and supplementing the work of his predecessors—the <a href="/wiki/Augustinian_hypothesis" title="Augustinian hypothesis">Augustinian hypothesis</a> (Matthew–Mark).<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This view (when any model of dependence was considered at all) seldom came into question until the late eighteenth century, when <a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Griesbach" title="Johann Jakob Griesbach">Johann Jakob Griesbach</a> published in 1776 a <a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Griesbach#Gospel_Synopsis" title="Johann Jakob Griesbach"><i>synopsis</i></a> of the synoptic gospels. Instead of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">harmonizing</a> them, he displayed their texts side by side, making both similarities and divergences apparent. Griesbach, noticing the special place of Mark in the synopsis, hypothesized Marcan posteriority and advanced (as <a href="/wiki/Henry_Owen" title="Henry Owen">Henry Owen</a> had a few years earlier<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) the <a href="/wiki/Two-gospel_hypothesis" title="Two-gospel hypothesis">two-gospel hypothesis</a> (Matthew–Luke). </p><p>In the nineteenth century, researchers applied the tools of <a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">literary criticism</a> to the synoptic problem in earnest, especially in German scholarship. Early work revolved around a hypothetical <a href="/wiki/Proto-Gospel_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Gospel hypothesis">proto-gospel</a> (<i>Ur-Gospel</i>), possibly in <a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a>, underlying the synoptics. From this line of inquiry, however, a consensus emerged that Mark itself served as the principal source for the other two gospels—<a href="/wiki/Marcan_priority" title="Marcan priority">Marcan priority</a>. </p><p>In a theory first proposed by <a href="/wiki/Christian_Hermann_Weisse" title="Christian Hermann Weisse">Christian Hermann Weisse</a> in 1838, the double tradition was explained by Matthew and Luke independently using two sources—thus, the <a href="/wiki/Two-source_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-source theory">two-source (Mark–Q) theory</a>—which supplemented Mark with another hypothetical source consisting mostly of sayings. This additional source was at first seen as the <i><a href="/wiki/Logia" title="Logia">logia</a></i> (sayings) spoken of by <a href="/wiki/Papias_of_Hierapolis" title="Papias of Hierapolis">Papias</a> and thus called "Λ",<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but later it became more generally known as <a href="/wiki/Q_source" title="Q source">"Q"</a>, from the German <i>Quelle</i>, meaning <i>source</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This two-source theory eventually won wide acceptance and was seldom questioned until the late twentieth century; most scholars simply took this new orthodoxy for granted and directed their efforts toward Q itself, and this is still<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Synoptic_Gospels&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> largely the case.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The theory is also well known in a more elaborate form set forth by <a href="/wiki/Burnett_Hillman_Streeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Burnett Hillman Streeter">Burnett Hillman Streeter</a> in 1924, which additionally hypothesized written sources <a href="/wiki/M_source" title="M source">"M"</a> and <a href="/wiki/L_source" title="L source">"L"</a> (for "Special Matthew" and "Special Luke" respectively)—hence the influential <a href="/wiki/Four-document_hypothesis" title="Four-document hypothesis">four-document hypothesis</a>. This exemplifies the prevailing scholarship of the time, which saw the canonical gospels as late products, dating from well into the second century, composed by unsophisticated cut-and-paste redactors out of a progression of written sources, and derived in turn from oral traditions and from <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a> that had <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_literary_criticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary literary criticism">evolved</a> in various communities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre2001160–161_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre2001160–161-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2018)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> however, as this view has gradually fallen into disfavor, so too has the centrality of documentary interdependence and hypothetical documentary sources as an explanation for all aspects of the synoptic problem.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In recent decades, weaknesses of the two-source theory have been more widely recognized,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (October 2018)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> and debate has reignited. Many have independently argued that Luke did make some use of Matthew after all. British scholars went further and dispensed with Q entirely, ascribing the double tradition to Luke's direct use of Matthew—the <a href="/wiki/Farrer_hypothesis" title="Farrer hypothesis">Farrer hypothesis</a> of 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New attention is also being given (for example, by Robert MacEwen and Alan Garrow) to the <a href="/wiki/Wilke_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilke hypothesis">Wilke hypothesis</a> of 1838 which, like Farrer, dispenses with Q but ascribes the double tradition to Matthew's direct use of Luke (Matthean Posteriority). Meanwhile, the Augustinian hypothesis has also made a comeback, especially in American scholarship. The <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_school_hypothesis" title="Jerusalem school hypothesis">Jerusalem school hypothesis</a> has also attracted fresh advocates, as has the <a href="/wiki/Independence_hypothesis" title="Independence hypothesis">Independence hypothesis</a>, which denies documentary relationships altogether.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On this collapse of consensus, Wenham observed: "I found myself in the Synoptic Problem Seminar of the Society for New Testament Studies, whose members were in disagreement over every aspect of the subject. When this international group disbanded in 1982 they had sadly to confess that after twelve years' work they had not reached a common mind on a single issue."<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More recently, Andris Abakuks applied a <a href="/wiki/Hidden_Markov_model" title="Hidden Markov model">statistical time series approach</a> to the Greek texts to determine the relative likelihood of these proposals. Models without Q fit reasonably well. Matthew and Luke were statistically dependent on their borrowings from Mark. This suggests at least one of Matthew and Luke had access to the other's work. The most likely synoptic gospel to be the last was Luke. The least likely was Mark. While this weighs against the Griesbach proposal and favors the Farrer, he does not claim any proposals are ruled out.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conclusions">Conclusions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synoptic_Gospels&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Conclusions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No definitive solution to the Synoptic Problem has been found yet. The <a href="/wiki/Two-source_hypothesis" title="Two-source hypothesis">two-source hypothesis</a>, which was dominant throughout the 20th century, still enjoys the support of most New Testament scholars; however, it has come under substantial attack in recent years by a number of biblical scholars, who have attempted to relaunch the <a href="/wiki/Augustinian_hypothesis" title="Augustinian hypothesis">Augustinian hypothesis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Two-gospel_hypothesis" title="Two-gospel hypothesis">Griesbach hypothesis</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Farrer_hypothesis" title="Farrer hypothesis">Farrer hypothesis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In particular, the existence of the <a href="/wiki/Q_source" title="Q source">Q source</a> has received harsh criticism in the first two decades of the 21st century: scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Mark_Goodacre" title="Mark Goodacre">Mark Goodacre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brant_Pitre" class="mw-redirect" title="Brant Pitre">Brant Pitre</a> have pointed out that no manuscript of Q has ever been found, nor is any reference to Q ever made in the writings of the <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a> (or any ancient writings, in fact).<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has prompted <a href="/wiki/E._P._Sanders" title="E. P. Sanders">E. P. Sanders</a> and Margaret Davies to write that the Two-sources hypothesis, while still dominant, "is least satisfactory"<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Fr. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fitzmyer" title="Joseph Fitzmyer">Joseph Fitzmyer</a> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">SJ</a></span> to state that the Synoptic Problem is "practically insoluble".<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theories">Theories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synoptic_Gospels&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Theories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nearly every conceivable theory has been advanced as a solution to the synoptic problem.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most notable theories include: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"> <caption><b>Notable synoptic theories</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Priority </th> <th scope="col">Theory<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">Diagram </th> <th scope="col">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Marcan_priority" title="Marcan priority">Marcan <br /> priority</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Two-source_hypothesis" title="Two-source hypothesis">Two‑source <br /> (Mark–Q)</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Synoptic_Theory_Mk-Q_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Synoptic_Theory_Mk-Q_en.svg/203px-Synoptic_Theory_Mk-Q_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="203" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Synoptic_Theory_Mk-Q_en.svg/305px-Synoptic_Theory_Mk-Q_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Synoptic_Theory_Mk-Q_en.svg/406px-Synoptic_Theory_Mk-Q_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </td> <td>Most widely accepted theory. Matthew and Luke independently used <a href="/wiki/Q_source" title="Q source">Q</a>, taken to be a Greek document with sayings and narrative. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Farrer_hypothesis" title="Farrer hypothesis">Farrer <br /> (Mark–Matthew)</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Synoptic_Farrer_Theory_Mk-Mt_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Synoptic_Farrer_Theory_Mk-Mt_en.svg/203px-Synoptic_Farrer_Theory_Mk-Mt_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="203" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Synoptic_Farrer_Theory_Mk-Mt_en.svg/305px-Synoptic_Farrer_Theory_Mk-Mt_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Synoptic_Farrer_Theory_Mk-Mt_en.svg/406px-Synoptic_Farrer_Theory_Mk-Mt_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="203" /></a></span> </td> <td>Double tradition explained entirely by Luke's use of Matthew. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Three-source_hypothesis" title="Three-source hypothesis">Three‑source <br /> (Mark–Q/Matthew)</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Three-source_(Mark-Q_Matthew)_theory.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Three-source_%28Mark-Q_Matthew%29_theory.svg/202px-Three-source_%28Mark-Q_Matthew%29_theory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="202" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Three-source_%28Mark-Q_Matthew%29_theory.svg/304px-Three-source_%28Mark-Q_Matthew%29_theory.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Three-source_%28Mark-Q_Matthew%29_theory.svg/405px-Three-source_%28Mark-Q_Matthew%29_theory.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="262" /></a></span> </td> <td>A hybrid of Two-source and Farrer. Q may be limited to sayings, may be in <a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a>, and may also be a source for Mark. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilke_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilke hypothesis">Wilke <br /> (Mark–Luke)</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Synoptic_Wilke_Theory_Mk-Lk_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Synoptic_Wilke_Theory_Mk-Lk_en.svg/203px-Synoptic_Wilke_Theory_Mk-Lk_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="203" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Synoptic_Wilke_Theory_Mk-Lk_en.svg/305px-Synoptic_Wilke_Theory_Mk-Lk_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Synoptic_Wilke_Theory_Mk-Lk_en.svg/406px-Synoptic_Wilke_Theory_Mk-Lk_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="203" /></a></span> </td> <td>Double tradition explained entirely by Matthew's use of Luke. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Four-source_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Four-source hypothesis">Four-source <br /> (Mark–Q/M/L)</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Synoptic_Theory_4SH_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Synoptic_Theory_4SH_en.svg/300px-Synoptic_Theory_4SH_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Synoptic_Theory_4SH_en.svg/450px-Synoptic_Theory_4SH_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Synoptic_Theory_4SH_en.svg/600px-Synoptic_Theory_4SH_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </td> <td>Matthew and Luke used Q. Only Matthew used <a href="/wiki/M_source" title="M source">M</a> and only Luke used <a href="/wiki/L_source" title="L source">L</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Matthaean_priority_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Matthaean priority (disambiguation)">Matthaean <br /> priority</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Two-gospel_hypothesis" title="Two-gospel hypothesis">Two‑gospel <br /> (Griesbach) <br /> (Matthew–Luke)</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Synoptic_two-gospel_Theory_Mt-Lk_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Synoptic_two-gospel_Theory_Mt-Lk_en.svg/203px-Synoptic_two-gospel_Theory_Mt-Lk_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="203" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Synoptic_two-gospel_Theory_Mt-Lk_en.svg/305px-Synoptic_two-gospel_Theory_Mt-Lk_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Synoptic_two-gospel_Theory_Mt-Lk_en.svg/406px-Synoptic_two-gospel_Theory_Mt-Lk_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="203" /></a></span> </td> <td>Mark primarily has collected what Matthew and Luke share in common (Marcan posteriority). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Augustinian_hypothesis" title="Augustinian hypothesis">Augustinian <br /> (Matthew–Mark)</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Synoptic_Augustinian_Theory_Mt-Mk_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Synoptic_Augustinian_Theory_Mt-Mk_en.svg/203px-Synoptic_Augustinian_Theory_Mt-Mk_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="203" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Synoptic_Augustinian_Theory_Mt-Mk_en.svg/305px-Synoptic_Augustinian_Theory_Mt-Mk_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Synoptic_Augustinian_Theory_Mt-Mk_en.svg/406px-Synoptic_Augustinian_Theory_Mt-Mk_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="203" /></a></span> </td> <td>The oldest known view, still advocated by some. Mark's special place is neither priority nor posteriority, but as the intermediate between the other two synoptic gospels. Canonical order is based on this view having been assumed (at the time when New Testament Canon was finalized). </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Lucan_priority" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucan priority">Lucan <br /> priority</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_school_hypothesis" title="Jerusalem school hypothesis">Jerusalem school <br /> (Luke–Q)</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Synoptic_Theory_JSH_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Synoptic_Theory_JSH_en.svg/203px-Synoptic_Theory_JSH_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="203" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Synoptic_Theory_JSH_en.svg/305px-Synoptic_Theory_JSH_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Synoptic_Theory_JSH_en.svg/406px-Synoptic_Theory_JSH_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="270" /></a></span> </td> <td>A Greek <i>anthology</i> (<i>A</i>), translated literally from a Hebrew original, was used by each gospel. Luke also drew from an earlier lost gospel, a reconstruction (<i>R</i>) of the life of Jesus reconciling the anthology with yet another narrative work. Matthew has not used Luke directly. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marcion_priority" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcion priority">Marcion priority</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Priority_of_the_Gospel_of_Marcion" title="Priority of the Gospel of Marcion">Priority of the Gospel of Marcion</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Klinghardt%27s_Marcion_hypothesis_-_synoptic_gospels.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Klinghardt%27s_Marcion_hypothesis_-_synoptic_gospels.svg/181px-Klinghardt%27s_Marcion_hypothesis_-_synoptic_gospels.svg.png" decoding="async" width="181" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Klinghardt%27s_Marcion_hypothesis_-_synoptic_gospels.svg/272px-Klinghardt%27s_Marcion_hypothesis_-_synoptic_gospels.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Klinghardt%27s_Marcion_hypothesis_-_synoptic_gospels.svg/362px-Klinghardt%27s_Marcion_hypothesis_-_synoptic_gospels.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="190" data-file-height="253" /></a></span> </td> <td>All gospels directly used the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Marcion" title="Gospel of Marcion">gospel of Marcion</a> as their source, and have been influenced heavily by it. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">Others or none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Multi-source_hypothesis" title="Multi-source hypothesis">Multi‑source</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Synoptic_Theory_MS_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Synoptic_Theory_MS_en.svg/315px-Synoptic_Theory_MS_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="315" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Synoptic_Theory_MS_en.svg/473px-Synoptic_Theory_MS_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Synoptic_Theory_MS_en.svg/630px-Synoptic_Theory_MS_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="203" /></a></span> </td> <td>Each gospel drew from a different combination of hypothetical earlier documents. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Proto-Gospel_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Gospel hypothesis">Proto‑gospel</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Synoptic_Theory_Pt_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Synoptic_Theory_Pt_en.svg/255px-Synoptic_Theory_Pt_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="255" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Synoptic_Theory_Pt_en.svg/383px-Synoptic_Theory_Pt_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Synoptic_Theory_Pt_en.svg/510px-Synoptic_Theory_Pt_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </td> <td>The gospels each derive, all or some of, its material from a common proto-gospel (<i>Ur-Gospel</i>), possibly in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> or <a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Q%2B/Papias_Hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Q+/Papias Hypothesis">Q+/Papias <br /> (Mark–Q/Matthew)</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Synoptic_Theory_Mk%2BQ-Mt%2BPapias_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Synoptic_Theory_Mk%2BQ-Mt%2BPapias_en.svg/240px-Synoptic_Theory_Mk%2BQ-Mt%2BPapias_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Synoptic_Theory_Mk%2BQ-Mt%2BPapias_en.svg/360px-Synoptic_Theory_Mk%2BQ-Mt%2BPapias_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Synoptic_Theory_Mk%2BQ-Mt%2BPapias_en.svg/480px-Synoptic_Theory_Mk%2BQ-Mt%2BPapias_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="233" /></a></span> </td> <td>Each document drew from each of its predecessors, including <i>Logoi</i> (Q+) and <a href="/wiki/Papias_of_Hierapolis" title="Papias of Hierapolis">Papias</a>' <i>Exposition</i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Independence_hypothesis" title="Independence hypothesis">Independence</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Synoptic_independence_theory_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Synoptic_independence_theory_en.svg/255px-Synoptic_independence_theory_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="255" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Synoptic_independence_theory_en.svg/383px-Synoptic_independence_theory_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Synoptic_independence_theory_en.svg/510px-Synoptic_independence_theory_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </td> <td>Each gospel is an independent and original composition based upon oral history. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synoptic_Gospels&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/32px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/48px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/64px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_primacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic primacy">Aramaic primacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorship of the Gospels">Authorship of the Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_criticism" title="Biblical criticism">Biblical criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">Gospel harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gospels">List of Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_key_episodes_in_the_Canonical_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of key episodes in the Canonical Gospels">List of key episodes in the Canonical Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_criticism" title="Source criticism">Source criticism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synoptic_Gospels&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Both Greek words, <i>synoptikos</i> and <i>synopsis</i>, derive from <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σύν</span></span> <i>syn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Preposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Preposition">prep.</a>), meaning "together, with", and etymologically related words pertaining to sight, vision, appearance, i.e. <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὀπτικός</span></span> <i>optikos</i> (<a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adj.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cf." title="Cf.">cf.</a> English <i>optic</i>), meaning "of <i>or</i> for sight", and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὄψις</span></span> <i>opsis</i> (<a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">n.</a>), meaning "appearance, sight, vision, view".<sup id="cite_ref-etymology_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etymology-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The capital form of the Greek letter lambda λ, corresponding to <i>l</i>, used here to abbreviate <i>logia</i> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">λόγια</span>).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synoptic_Gospels&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHonoré1968" class="citation journal cs1">Honoré, A. M. (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1560364">"A Statistical Study of the Synoptic Problem"</a>. <i>Novum Testamentum</i>. <b>10</b> (2/3): 95–147. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1560364">10.2307/1560364</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0048-1009">0048-1009</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1560364">1560364</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Novum+Testamentum&rft.atitle=A+Statistical+Study+of+the+Synoptic+Problem&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2%2F3&rft.pages=95-147&rft.date=1968&rft.issn=0048-1009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1560364%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1560364&rft.aulast=Honor%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=A.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1560364&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-etymology-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-etymology_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-etymology_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-synoptic" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=synoptic">"synoptic"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=synoptic&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3Dsynoptic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=synoptic">"synoptic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=synoptic&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dsynoptic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=synopsis">"synopsis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=synopsis&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dsynopsis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=optic">"optic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=optic&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Doptic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=su/n"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σύν</span></span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=o)pto/s2"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὄπτός</span></span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=o)ptiko/s"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὀπτικός</span></span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=o)/yis"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὄψις</span></span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=sunoptiko/s"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">συνοπτικός</span></span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=su/noyis"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σύνοψις</span></span></a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Liddell, Henry George</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Scott, Robert</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/A_Greek%E2%80%93English_Lexicon" title="A Greek–English Lexicon">A Greek–English Lexicon</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodacre2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Goodacre" title="Mark Goodacre">Goodacre, Mark</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/synopticproblemw00good"><i>The Synoptic Problem: A Way Through the Maze</i></a>. A&C Black. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/synopticproblemw00good/page/16">16</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0567080560" title="Special:BookSources/0567080560"><bdi>0567080560</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Synoptic+Problem%3A+A+Way+Through+the+Maze&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0567080560&rft.aulast=Goodacre&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsynopticproblemw00good&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Derico_2018_368–369-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Derico_2018_368–369_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Derico_2018_368–369_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerico2018" class="citation book cs1">Derico, Travis (2018). <i>Oral Tradition and Synoptic Verbal Agreement: Evaluating the Empirical Evidence for Literary Dependence</i>. Pickwick Publications, an Imprint of Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 368–369. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1620320907" title="Special:BookSources/978-1620320907"><bdi>978-1620320907</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oral+Tradition+and+Synoptic+Verbal+Agreement%3A+Evaluating+the+Empirical+Evidence+for+Literary+Dependence&rft.pages=368-369&rft.pub=Pickwick+Publications%2C+an+Imprint+of+Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1620320907&rft.aulast=Derico&rft.aufirst=Travis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirk_2019_148–183-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kirk_2019_148–183_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirk_2019_148–183_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirk2019" class="citation book cs1">Kirk, Alan (2019). <i>Q in Matthew: Ancient Media, Memory, and Early Scribal Transmission of the Jesus Tradition</i>. T&T Clark. pp. 148–183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0567686541" title="Special:BookSources/978-0567686541"><bdi>978-0567686541</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Q+in+Matthew%3A+Ancient+Media%2C+Memory%2C+and+Early+Scribal+Transmission+of+the+Jesus+Tradition&rft.pages=148-183&rft.pub=T%26T+Clark&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0567686541&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200132-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200132_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodacre2001">Goodacre (2001)</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200120–21-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200120–21_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodacre2001">Goodacre (2001)</a>, pp. 20–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauckham2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bauckham" title="Richard Bauckham">Bauckham, Richard</a> (2006). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jesuseyewitnesse00bauc_771"><i>Jesus and the Eyewitnesses: The Gospels as Eyewitness Testimony</i></a></span>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jesuseyewitnesse00bauc_771/page/n374">220</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0802831621" title="Special:BookSources/0802831621"><bdi>0802831621</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+and+the+Eyewitnesses%3A+The+Gospels+as+Eyewitness+Testimony&rft.pages=220&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0802831621&rft.aulast=Bauckham&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjesuseyewitnesse00bauc_771&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkins2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pheme_Perkins" title="Pheme Perkins">Perkins, Pheme</a> (2009). <i>Introduction to the Synoptic Gospels</i>. Wm. B. Eerdmans. pp. 2–11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0802865533" title="Special:BookSources/978-0802865533"><bdi>978-0802865533</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Synoptic+Gospels&rft.pages=2-11&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0802865533&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Pheme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200138-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200138_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200138_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodacre2001">Goodacre (2001)</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeville2002" class="citation book cs1">Neville, David (2002). <i>Mark's Gospel – Prior Or Posterior?: A Reappraisal of the Phenomenon of Order</i>. A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1841272655" title="Special:BookSources/1841272655"><bdi>1841272655</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mark%27s+Gospel+%E2%80%93+Prior+Or+Posterior%3F%3A+A+Reappraisal+of+the+Phenomenon+of+Order&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1841272655&rft.aulast=Neville&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2021:18–22&version=nrsv">Mt 21:18–22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%2011:12–24&version=nrsv">Mk 11:12–24</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2013:6–9&version=nrsv">Lk 13:6–9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2009" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Ben C. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.textexcavation.com/synhealleper.html">"The healing of a leper"</a>. <i>TextExcavation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TextExcavation&rft.atitle=The+healing+of+a+leper&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Ben+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.textexcavation.com%2Fsynhealleper.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%207:33–36:8&version=nrsv">Mk 7:33–36; 8:22–26</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%2014:51–52&version=nrsv">Mk 14:51–52</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+16:4&version=nasb">Mk 16:4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+5:41&version=nasb">Mk 5:41</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%201:23–28&version=nrsv">Mk 1:23–28</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%204:33–37&version=nrsv">Lk 4:33–37</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%201:35–38&version=nrsv">Mk 1:35–38</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%204:42–43&version=nrsv">Lk 4:42–43</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%209:38–41&version=nrsv">Mk 9:38–41</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%209:49–50&version=nrsv">Lk 9:49–50</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%2012:41–44&version=nrsv">Mk 12:41–44</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2021:1–4&version=nrsv">Lk 21:1–4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStein1992" class="citation book cs1">Stein, Robert H. (1992). <i>Luke: An Exegetical and Theological Exposition of Holy Scripture</i>. B&H Publishing. pp. 29–30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0805401245" title="Special:BookSources/0805401245"><bdi>0805401245</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luke%3A+An+Exegetical+and+Theological+Exposition+of+Holy+Scripture&rft.pages=29-30&rft.pub=B%26H+Publishing&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0805401245&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKloppenborg2000" class="citation book cs1">Kloppenborg, John S. (2000). <i>Excavating Q: The History and Setting of the Sayings Gospel</i>. Fortress Press. pp. 20–28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1451411553" title="Special:BookSources/1451411553"><bdi>1451411553</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Excavating+Q%3A+The+History+and+Setting+of+the+Sayings+Gospel&rft.pages=20-28&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1451411553&rft.aulast=Kloppenborg&rft.aufirst=John+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodriguez2017" class="citation journal cs1">Rodriguez, Rafael (2017). "Matthew as Performer, Tradent, Scribe". <i>Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus</i> (15(2-3)): 192–212. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F17455197-01502003">10.1163/17455197-01502003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Study+of+the+Historical+Jesus&rft.atitle=Matthew+as+Performer%2C+Tradent%2C+Scribe&rft.issue=15%282-3%29&rft.pages=192-212&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F17455197-01502003&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=Rafael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirk2019" class="citation book cs1">Kirk, Alan (2019). <i>Q in Matthew: Ancient Media, Memory, and Early Scribal Transmission of the Jesus Tradition</i>. T&T Clark. pp. 298–306. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0567686541" title="Special:BookSources/978-0567686541"><bdi>978-0567686541</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Q+in+Matthew%3A+Ancient+Media%2C+Memory%2C+and+Early+Scribal+Transmission+of+the+Jesus+Tradition&rft.pages=298-306&rft.pub=T%26T+Clark&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0567686541&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodriguez2017" class="citation journal cs1">Rodriguez, Rafael (2017). "Matthew as Performer, Tradent, Scribe". <i>Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus</i> (15(2-3)): 203. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F17455197-01502003">10.1163/17455197-01502003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Study+of+the+Historical+Jesus&rft.atitle=Matthew+as+Performer%2C+Tradent%2C+Scribe&rft.issue=15%282-3%29&rft.pages=203&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F17455197-01502003&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=Rafael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200181-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200181_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodacre2001">Goodacre (2001)</a>, p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%203:7–10&version=nrsv">Mt 3:7–10</a> & <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%203:7–9&version=nrsv">Lk 3:7–9</a>. Text from 1894 Scrivener New Testament.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200139_ff-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200139_ff_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodacre2001">Goodacre (2001)</a>, pp. 39 ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200140–41,_151–52-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre200140–41,_151–52_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodacre2001">Goodacre (2001)</a>, pp. 40–41, 151–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre2001124–26-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre2001124–26_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodacre2001">Goodacre (2001)</a>, pp. 124–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre2001148–51-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre2001148–51_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodacre2001">Goodacre (2001)</a>, pp. 148–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodacre2007" class="citation web cs1">Goodacre, Mark (2007-11-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ntweblog.blogspot.com/2007/11/mark-q-overlaps-iv-back-to-continuum.html">"Mark-Q Overlaps IV: Back to the Continuum"</a>. <i>NT Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NT+Blog&rft.atitle=Mark-Q+Overlaps+IV%3A+Back+to+the+Continuum&rft.date=2007-11-14&rft.aulast=Goodacre&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fntweblog.blogspot.com%2F2007%2F11%2Fmark-q-overlaps-iv-back-to-continuum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%2014:65&version=nrsv">Mk 14:65</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2026:68&version=nrsv">Mt 26:68</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2022:64&version=nrsv">Lk 22:64</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre2001145–46-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre2001145–46_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodacre2001">Goodacre (2001)</a>, pp. 145–46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre2001108-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre2001108_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodacre2001">Goodacre (2001)</a>, p. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLace1965" class="citation book cs1">Lace, O. Jessie (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PeY3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA78"><i>Understanding the New Testament</i></a>. The Cambridge Bible Commentary. Cambridge University Press. pp. 78–79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521092814" title="Special:BookSources/9780521092814"><bdi>9780521092814</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+the+New+Testament&rft.series=The+Cambridge+Bible+Commentary&rft.pages=78-79&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=9780521092814&rft.aulast=Lace&rft.aufirst=O.+Jessie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPeY3AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_R._Edwards" title="James R. Edwards">Edwards, James R.</a> (2009). <i>The Hebrew Gospel and the Development of the Synoptic Tradition</i>. Wm. B. Eerdmans. pp. 141–48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0802862341" title="Special:BookSources/978-0802862341"><bdi>978-0802862341</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hebrew+Gospel+and+the+Development+of+the+Synoptic+Tradition&rft.pages=141-48&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0802862341&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=James+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBauckham200665–66-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBauckham200665–66_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBauckham2006">Bauckham (2006)</a>, pp. 65–66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander2005" class="citation book cs1">Alexander, Loveday (2005). <i>The Preface to Luke's Gospel</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521018811" title="Special:BookSources/0521018811"><bdi>0521018811</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Preface+to+Luke%27s+Gospel&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0521018811&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Loveday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%201:1–4&version=nrsv">Lk 1:1–4 (NRSV)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodacre2013" class="citation book cs1">Goodacre, Mark (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordbiblicalstudies.com/article/opr/t373/e86">"Synoptic Problem"</a>. In McKenzie, Steven L. (ed.). <i>Oxford Encyclopedia of Biblical Interpretation</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199832262" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199832262"><bdi>978-0199832262</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Synoptic+Problem&rft.btitle=Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Biblical+Interpretation&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0199832262&rft.aulast=Goodacre&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbiblicalstudies.com%2Farticle%2Fopr%2Ft373%2Fe86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compare: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatts1860" class="citation book cs1">Watts, John (1860). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g5VhAAAAcAAJ"><i>Who Were the Writers of the New Testament?: The "evidence" Shown to be Untrustworthy Both as to the Time and Authors of the Several Gospels</i></a>. London: George Abington. p. 9<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2020</span>. <q><a href="/wiki/Charles_Christian_Hennell" title="Charles Christian Hennell">Hennell</a>, in his 'Origin of Christianity,' says that:- 'Some one after Matthew wrote the Greek Gospel which has come down to us, incorporating part of the Hebrew one, whence it was called the Gospel <i>according</i> to Matthew, and, in the second century, came to be considered as the work of the Apostle.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Were+the+Writers+of+the+New+Testament%3F%3A+The+%22evidence%22+Shown+to+be+Untrustworthy+Both+as+to+the+Time+and+Authors+of+the+Several+Gospels&rft.place=London&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=George+Abington&rft.date=1860&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg5VhAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHengel2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hengel" title="Martin Hengel">Hengel, Martin</a> (2000). <i>The four Gospels and the one Gospel of Jesus Christ: an investigation of the collection and origin of the Canonical Gospels</i>. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 34–115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1563383004" title="Special:BookSources/1563383004"><bdi>1563383004</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+four+Gospels+and+the+one+Gospel+of+Jesus+Christ%3A+an+investigation+of+the+collection+and+origin+of+the+Canonical+Gospels&rft.pages=34-115&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1563383004&rft.aulast=Hengel&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Church_History_(Eusebius)" class="mw-redirect" title="Church History (Eusebius)">Church History</a></i>, Book 6, Chapter 14, Paragraphs 6–10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eusebius, <i>Church History</i>, Book 6, Chapter 25, Paragraphs 3–6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tertullian, <i>Against Marcion</i>, Book 4, Chapter 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPitre2016" class="citation book cs1">Pitre, Brant (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i9LvCAAAQBAJ"><i>The Case for Jesus: The Biblical and Historical Evidence for Christ</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Crown_Publishing_Group" title="Crown Publishing Group">Crown Publishing Group</a>. pp. 95–96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0770435493" title="Special:BookSources/978-0770435493"><bdi>978-0770435493</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Case+for+Jesus%3A+The+Biblical+and+Historical+Evidence+for+Christ&rft.pages=95-96&rft.pub=Crown+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0770435493&rft.aulast=Pitre&rft.aufirst=Brant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di9LvCAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Irenaeus, <i>Against Heresies</i>, Book 3, Chapter 11, Paragraph 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDungan1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Laird_Dungan" title="David Laird Dungan">Dungan, David L.</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/faithinsports00stev/page/112"><i>A history of the synoptic problem: the canon, the text, the composition and the interpretation of the Gospels</i></a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/faithinsports00stev/page/112">112–144</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0385471920" title="Special:BookSources/0385471920"><bdi>0385471920</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+the+synoptic+problem%3A+the+canon%2C+the+text%2C+the+composition+and+the+interpretation+of+the+Gospels&rft.pages=112-144&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0385471920&rft.aulast=Dungan&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffaithinsports00stev%2Fpage%2F112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen1764" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Owen" title="Henry Owen">Owen, Henry</a> (1764). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Op5bAAAAQAAJ"><i>Observations on the Four Gospels, tending chiefly to ascertain the time of their Publication, and to illustrate the form and manner of their Composition</i></a>. London: T. Payne<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Observations+on+the+Four+Gospels%2C+tending+chiefly+to+ascertain+the+time+of+their+Publication%2C+and+to+illustrate+the+form+and+manner+of+their+Composition&rft.place=London&rft.pub=T.+Payne&rft.date=1764&rft.aulast=Owen&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOp5bAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLührmann1995" class="citation book cs1">Lührmann, Dieter (1995). "Q: Sayings of Jesus or Logia?". In Piper, Ronald Allen (ed.). <i>The Gospel Behind the Gospels: Current Studies on Q</i>. pp. 97–102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004097376" title="Special:BookSources/9004097376"><bdi>9004097376</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Q%3A+Sayings+of+Jesus+or+Logia%3F&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+Behind+the+Gospels%3A+Current+Studies+on+Q&rft.pages=97-102&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9004097376&rft.aulast=L%C3%BChrmann&rft.aufirst=Dieter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodacre2001160–161-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodacre2001160–161_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodacre2001">Goodacre (2001)</a>, pp. 160–161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarrer1955" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Farrer" title="Austin Farrer">Farrer, A. M.</a> (1955). "On Dispensing With Q". In Nineham, D. E. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.markgoodacre.org/Q/farrer.htm"><i>Studies in the Gospels: Essays in Memory of R. H. Lightfoot</i></a>. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 55–88<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-13</span></span>. <q>The literary history of the Gospels will turn out to be a simpler matter than we had supposed. St. Matthew will be seen to be an amplified version of St. Mark, based on a decade of habitual preaching, and incorporating oral material, but presupposing no other literary source beside St. Mark himself. St. Luke, in turn, will be found to presuppose St. Matthew and St. Mark, and St. John to presuppose the three others. The whole literary history of the canonical Gospel tradition will be found to be contained in the fourfold canon itself, except in so far as it lies in the Old Testament, the Pseudepigrapha, and the other New Testament writings. [...] Once rid of Q, we are rid of a progeny of nameless chimaeras, and free to let St. Matthew write as he is moved.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=On+Dispensing+With+Q&rft.btitle=Studies+in+the+Gospels%3A+Essays+in+Memory+of+R.+H.+Lightfoot&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=55-88&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Farrer&rft.aufirst=A.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.markgoodacre.org%2FQ%2Ffarrer.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWenham1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Wenham" title="John Wenham">Wenham, John</a> (1992). <i>Redating Matthew, Mark, & Luke</i>. InterVarsity Press. p. xxi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0830817603" title="Special:BookSources/0830817603"><bdi>0830817603</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Redating+Matthew%2C+Mark%2C+%26+Luke&rft.pages=xxi&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0830817603&rft.aulast=Wenham&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbakuks2014" class="citation book cs1">Abakuks, Andris (2014). <i>The Synoptic Problem and Statistics</i> (1 ed.). Chapman and Hall/CRC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1466572010" title="Special:BookSources/978-1466572010"><bdi>978-1466572010</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Synoptic+Problem+and+Statistics&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Chapman+and+Hall%2FCRC&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1466572010&rft.aulast=Abakuks&rft.aufirst=Andris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWenham1992" class="citation book cs1">Wenham, John (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qin4DwAAQBAJ"><i>Redating Matthew, Mark and Luke: A Fresh Assault on the Synoptic Problem</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Wipf_and_Stock_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Wipf and Stock Publishers">Wipf and Stock Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1725276642" title="Special:BookSources/978-1725276642"><bdi>978-1725276642</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Redating+Matthew%2C+Mark+and+Luke%3A+A+Fresh+Assault+on+the+Synoptic+Problem&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1725276642&rft.aulast=Wenham&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqin4DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlack2010" class="citation book cs1">Black, David Alan (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fjAiDAAAQBAJ"><i>Why Four Gospels?</i></a>. Energion Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1631992506" title="Special:BookSources/978-1631992506"><bdi>978-1631992506</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Four+Gospels%3F&rft.pub=Energion+Publications&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1631992506&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=David+Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfjAiDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoirierPeterson2015" class="citation book cs1">Poirier, John C.; Peterson, Jeffrey (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WQ90BgAAQBAJ"><i>Marcan Priority Without Q: Explorations in the Farrer Hypothesis</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0567367563" title="Special:BookSources/978-0567367563"><bdi>978-0567367563</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marcan+Priority+Without+Q%3A+Explorations+in+the+Farrer+Hypothesis&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0567367563&rft.aulast=Poirier&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rft.au=Peterson%2C+Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWQ90BgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodacre2002" class="citation book cs1">Goodacre, Mark (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MPfBso3TwGkC"><i>The Case Against Q: Studies in Markan Priority and the Synoptic Problem</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/A%26C_Black" class="mw-redirect" title="A&C Black">A&C Black</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1563383342" title="Special:BookSources/978-1563383342"><bdi>978-1563383342</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Case+Against+Q%3A+Studies+in+Markan+Priority+and+the+Synoptic+Problem&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1563383342&rft.aulast=Goodacre&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMPfBso3TwGkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodacrePerrin2004" class="citation book cs1">Goodacre, Mark S.; Perrin, Nicholas (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=opMRAQAAIAAJ"><i>Questioning Q: A Multidimensional Critique</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/InterVarsity_Press" title="InterVarsity Press">InterVarsity Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0281056132" title="Special:BookSources/978-0281056132"><bdi>978-0281056132</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Questioning+Q%3A+A+Multidimensional+Critique&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0281056132&rft.aulast=Goodacre&rft.aufirst=Mark+S.&rft.au=Perrin%2C+Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DopMRAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPitre2016" class="citation book cs1">Pitre, Brant (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i9LvCAAAQBAJ"><i>The Case for Jesus: The Biblical and Historical Evidence for Christ</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Crown_Publishing_Group" title="Crown Publishing Group">Crown Publishing Group</a>. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0770435493" title="Special:BookSources/978-0770435493"><bdi>978-0770435493</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Case+for+Jesus%3A+The+Biblical+and+Historical+Evidence+for+Christ&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Crown+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0770435493&rft.aulast=Pitre&rft.aufirst=Brant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di9LvCAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandersDavies1989" class="citation book cs1">Sanders, E. P.; Davies, Margaret (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J9TYAAAAMAAJ"><i>Studying the Synoptic Gospels</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/SCM_Press" title="SCM Press">SCM Press</a>. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0334023425" title="Special:BookSources/978-0334023425"><bdi>978-0334023425</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studying+the+Synoptic+Gospels&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=SCM+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0334023425&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=E.+P.&rft.au=Davies%2C+Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ9TYAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButtrick1970" class="citation book cs1">Buttrick, David G. (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v9HGzQEACAAJ"><i>Jesus and Man's Hope</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Theological_Seminary" title="Pittsburgh Theological Seminary">Pittsburgh Theological Seminary</a>. p. 132.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+and+Man%27s+Hope&rft.place=Pittsburgh&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=Pittsburgh+Theological+Seminary&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Buttrick&rft.aufirst=David+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv9HGzQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlson2004" class="citation web cs1">Carlson (September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hypotyposeis.org/synoptic-problem/2004/09/overview-of-proposed-solutions.html">"Synoptic Problem"</a>. <i>Hypotyposeis.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hypotyposeis.org&rft.atitle=Synoptic+Problem&rft.date=2004-09&rft.au=Carlson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hypotyposeis.org%2Fsynoptic-problem%2F2004%2F09%2Foverview-of-proposed-solutions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASynoptic+Gospels" class="Z3988"></span> Carlson lists over twenty of the major ones, with citations of the literature.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Though eponymous and some haphazard structural names are prevalent in the literature, a systematic structural nomenclature is advocated by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hypotyposeis.org/weblog/2003/11/naming-the-synoptic-theories.html">Carlson</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.textexcavation.com/synopticnomenclature.html">Smith</a>, and these names are also provided. The exception is the hypothesis of the priority of the Gospel of Marcion which is not part of their nomenclatures.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synoptic_Gospels&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Synoptic_Gospels" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14389b.htm">Catholic Encyclopedia: Synoptics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hypotyposeis.org/synoptic-problem/">Hypotyposeis: Synoptic Problem Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bibliographia.co/nt-synoptic-problem.htm">Synoptic Problem: Bibliography of the main studies in English</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180616071315/http://www.textexcavation.com/synopticproject.html">TextExcavation: The Synoptic Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://virtualreligion.net/primer/">Synoptic Gospels Primer</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191001012211/http://www.ntgateway.com/synoptic-problem-and-q/websites/">NT Gateway: Synoptic Problem Web Sites</a> (archived 1 October 2019)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201020004840/http://synoptic-problem.com/">The Synoptic Problem and its Solution</a> (archived 20 October 2020)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alangarrow.com/mch.html/">Matthew Conflator (Wilke) Hypothesis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200905231556/https://sites.google.com/site/inglisonmarcion/Home/the-synoptic-problem/synoptic-hypotheses-and-authors">Synoptic Hypotheses and Authors</a> (archived 5 September 2020)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Synoptic_problem" title="Template:Synoptic problem"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Synoptic_problem" title="Template talk:Synoptic problem"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Synoptic_problem" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Synoptic problem"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Synoptic_problem" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Synoptic problem">Synoptic problem</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Synoptic Gospels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Matthaean_priority_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Matthaean priority (disambiguation)">Matthaean priority</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-gospel_hypothesis" title="Two-gospel hypothesis">Two-gospel hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinian_hypothesis" title="Augustinian hypothesis">Augustinian hypothesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marcan_priority" title="Marcan priority">Marcan priority</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-source_hypothesis" title="Two-source hypothesis">Two-source hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farrer_hypothesis" title="Farrer hypothesis">Farrer hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-source_hypothesis" title="Three-source hypothesis">Three-source hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthean_Posteriority_hypothesis" title="Matthean Posteriority hypothesis">Matthean Posteriority hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-document_hypothesis" title="Four-document hypothesis">Four-document hypothesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lucan_priority" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucan priority">Lucan priority</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_school_hypothesis" title="Jerusalem school hypothesis">Jerusalem school hypothesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other or no priority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multi-source_hypothesis" title="Multi-source hypothesis">Multi-source hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Gospel_hypothesis" title="Hebrew Gospel hypothesis">Hebrew Gospel hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priority_of_the_Gospel_of_Marcion" title="Priority of the Gospel of Marcion">Priority of the Gospel of Marcion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%2B/Papias_hypothesis" title="Q+/Papias hypothesis">Q+/Papias hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_hypothesis" title="Independence hypothesis">Independence hypothesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Possible sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Q_source" title="Q source">Q source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M_source" title="M source">M source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_source" title="L source">L source</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Books_of_the_Bible" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Template:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Template talk:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Books_of_the_Bible" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Books</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Protocanonical_books" title="Protocanonical books">(protocanon)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus" title="Book of Leviticus">Leviticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ruth" title="Book of Ruth">Ruth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">1–2 Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">1–2 Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">1–2 Chronicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezra" title="Book of Ezra">Ezra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah" title="Book of Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations" title="Book of Lamentations">Lamentations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Hosea" title="Book of Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joel" title="Book of Joel">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Amos" title="Book of Amos">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Obadiah" title="Book of Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jonah" title="Book of Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Micah" title="Book of Micah">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nahum" title="Book of Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Habakkuk" title="Book of Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zephaniah" title="Book of Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Haggai" title="Book of Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Malachi" title="Book of Malachi">Malachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">Deuterocanon</a><br /> or <a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">apocrypha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Catholic</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> & others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Tobit" title="Book of Tobit">Tobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judith" title="Book of Judith">Judith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther#Additions_to_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Additions to Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Maccabees" title="1 Maccabees">1 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wisdom" title="Book of Wisdom">Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Sirach" title="Book of Sirach">Sirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Baruch" title="Book of Baruch">Baruch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_Jeremiah" title="Letter of Jeremiah">Letter of Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additions_to_Daniel" title="Additions to Daniel">Additions to Daniel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_(Book_of_Daniel)" title="Susanna (Book of Daniel)">Susanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prayer_of_Azariah_and_Song_of_the_Three_Holy_Children" class="mw-redirect" title="The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children">Song of the Three Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel_and_the_Dragon" title="Bel and the Dragon">Bel and the Dragon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Eastern Orthodox & others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Esdras" title="1 Esdras">1 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Manasseh" title="Prayer of Manasseh">Prayer of Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_151" title="Psalm 151">Psalm 151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Maccabees" title="3 Maccabees">3 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Maccabees" title="4 Maccabees">4 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Odes_(Bible)" title="Book of Odes (Bible)">Odes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo" title="Orthodox Tewahedo">Orthodox Tewahedo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees" title="Book of Jubilees">Jubilees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meqabyan" title="Meqabyan">1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_of_the_Words_of_Baruch" title="Rest of the Words of Baruch">Paralipomena of Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo_biblical_canon#Broader_canon" title="Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon">Broader canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Syriac <a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_152%E2%80%93155" title="Psalms 152–155">Psalms 152–155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Baruch" title="2 Baruch">2 Baruch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testaments_of_the_Three_Patriarchs" title="Testaments of the Three Patriarchs">Testaments of the Three Patriarchs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Abraham" title="Testament of Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Isaac" title="Testament of Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Jacob" title="Testament of Jacob">Jacob</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="New Testament canon">Canon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Romans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">1 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Second Epistle to the Corinthians">2 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Galatians" title="Epistle to the Galatians">Galatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Ephesians" title="Epistle to the Ephesians">Ephesians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Philippians" title="Epistle to the Philippians">Philippians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Colossians" title="Epistle to the Colossians">Colossians</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Laodiceans" title="Epistle to the Laodiceans">Laodiceans</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="First Epistle to the Thessalonians">1 Thessalonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="First Epistle to Timothy">1 Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="Second Epistle to Timothy">2 Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Titus" title="Epistle to Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Philemon" title="Epistle to Philemon">Philemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Hebrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Peter" title="First Epistle of Peter">1 Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Peter" title="Second Epistle of Peter">2 Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John" title="First Epistle of John">1 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">2 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_of_John" title="Third Epistle of John">3 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude" title="Epistle of Jude">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">Antilegomena</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Paul" title="Acts of Paul">Acts of Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Peter" title="Apocalypse of Peter">Apocalypse of Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_the_Hebrews" title="Gospel of the Hebrews">Gospel of the Hebrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Barnabas" title="Epistle of Barnabas">Epistle of Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Clement" title="First Epistle of Clement">1 Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Clement" title="Second Epistle of Clement">2 Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Third Epistle to the Corinthians">3 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd_of_Hermas" class="mw-redirect" title="Shepherd of Hermas">Shepherd of Hermas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">Chapters and verses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah#Pentateuch" title="Torah">Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_books" title="Historical books">Historical books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_literature#Sapiential_Books" title="Wisdom literature">Wisdom books</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poetic_Books" title="Poetic Books">Poetic Books</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_books" title="Prophetic books">Prophetic books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_prophet" title="Major prophet">Major prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Minor prophets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gospels">List</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Synoptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle" title="Epistle">Epistles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_epistles" title="Johannine epistles">Johannine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_epistles" title="Pastoral epistles">Pastoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Bible" title="Authorship of the Bible">Authorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_canon" title="Development of the Hebrew Bible canon">Jewish canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertestamental_period" title="Intertestamental period">Intertestamental period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of the Christian biblical canon">Christian canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Old_Testament_canon" title="Development of the Old Testament canon">Old Testament canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">New Testament canon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">Antilegomena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Apocrypha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_apocrypha" title="Jewish apocrypha">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_apocrypha" title="New Testament apocrypha">New Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudepigrapha" title="Pseudepigrapha">Pseudepigrapha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_Testament_pseudepigrapha" title="List of Old Testament pseudepigrapha">Old Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dating_the_Bible" title="Dating the Bible">Dating the Bible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_manuscript" title="Biblical manuscript">Manuscripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diatessaron" title="Diatessaron">Diatessaron</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muratorian_fragment" title="Muratorian fragment">Muratorian fragment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vetus_Latina" title="Vetus Latina">Vetus Latina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Categories_of_New_Testament_manuscripts" title="Categories of New Testament manuscripts">New Testament manuscript categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Testament_papyri" title="List of New Testament papyri">New Testament papyri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Testament_uncials" title="List of New Testament uncials">New Testament uncials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_version_debate" title="Bible version debate">Bible version debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Bible_translations" title="List of English Bible translations">English Bible translations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible" title="Non-canonical books referenced in the Bible">Other books referenced in the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">Additional Scriptures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_studies" title="Biblical studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_and_Quranic_narratives" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical and Quranic narratives">Biblical and Quranic narratives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Hippo" title="Synod of Hippo">Synod of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_criticism" title="Textual criticism">Textual criticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bible" title="Category:Bible">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Bible" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Bible">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gospel_of_Mark" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gospel_of_Mark" title="Template:Gospel of Mark"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gospel_of_Mark" title="Template talk:Gospel of Mark"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel_of_Mark" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel of Mark"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gospel_of_Mark" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_1" title="Mark 1">Mark 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_2" title="Mark 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_3" title="Mark 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_4" title="Mark 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_5" title="Mark 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_6" title="Mark 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_7" title="Mark 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_8" title="Mark 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_9" title="Mark 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_10" title="Mark 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_11" title="Mark 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_12" title="Mark 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_13" title="Mark 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_14" title="Mark 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_15" title="Mark 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_16" title="Mark 16">16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_Jesus_to_Galilee" title="Return of Jesus to Galilee">Galilean ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Growing_Seed" title="Parable of the Growing Seed">Parable of the Growing Seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calming_the_storm" title="Calming the storm">Calming the storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeding_the_multitude" title="Feeding the multitude">Feeding the multitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_walking_on_water" title="Jesus walking on water">Walking on water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_cleansing_a_leper" title="Jesus cleansing a leper">Cleansing a leper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilate%27s_court" title="Pilate's court">Pilate's court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Entombment/Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">Empty tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naked_fugitive" title="Naked fugitive">Naked fugitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross" title="Sayings of Jesus on the cross">Sayings of Jesus on the cross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas">Herod Antipas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_James" title="Mary, mother of James">Mary, mother of James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_(biblical_figure)" title="Rufus (biblical figure)">Rufus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_(disciple)" title="Salome (disciple)">Salome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_of_Cyrene" title="Simon of Cyrene">Simon of Cyrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Simon Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebedee" title="Zebedee">Zebedee</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Groups</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethany" title="Bethany">Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethsaida" title="Bethsaida">Bethsaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernaum" title="Capernaum">Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmanutha" title="Dalmanutha">Dalmanutha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark the Evangelist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Mark" title="John Mark">John Mark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Gospel_of_Mark" title="Textual variants in the Gospel of Mark">Textual variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcan_priority" title="Marcan priority">Marcan priority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-source_hypothesis" title="Two-source hypothesis">two-source hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-source_hypothesis" title="Three-source hypothesis">three-source hypothesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertextual_production_of_the_Gospel_of_Mark" title="Intertextual production of the Gospel of Mark">Intertextual production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Secret" title="Messianic Secret">Messianic Secret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Gospel_of_Mark" title="Secret Gospel of Mark">Secret Gospel of Mark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Mark_Passion_(attributed_to_Keiser)" title="St Mark Passion (attributed to Keiser)"><i>St Mark Passion</i> (attributed to Keiser)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mark_Passion,_BWV_247" title="St Mark Passion, BWV 247"><i>St Mark Passion</i>, BWV 247 (J. S. Bach)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Pasi%C3%B3n_seg%C3%BAn_San_Marcos_(Golijov)" title="La Pasión según San Marcos (Golijov)"><i>La Pasión según San Marcos</i> (Golijov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mark_Passion_(N._Matthes)" title="St Mark Passion (N. Matthes)"><i>St Mark Passion </i>(N. Matthes)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_45" title="Papyrus 45">Papyrus 45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_84" title="Papyrus 84">84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_88" title="Papyrus 88">88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_137" title="Papyrus 137">137</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayyum_Fragment" title="Fayyum Fragment">Fayyum Fragment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minuscule_2427" title="Minuscule 2427">Minuscule 2427 <i>(forgery)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7Q5" title="7Q5">7Q5 <i>(disputed)</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Κατά Μάρκον">Greek Text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Marcus" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Marcus">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Mark" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/Mark">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Mark">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Mark" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Mark">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Mark" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/Mark">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gospel_of_Matthew" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Template:Gospel of Matthew"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Template talk:Gospel of Matthew"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel of Matthew"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gospel_of_Matthew" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Gospel_of_Matthew_chapters" title="Category:Gospel of Matthew chapters">Chapters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_1" title="Matthew 1">Matthew 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_2" title="Matthew 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_3" title="Matthew 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_4" title="Matthew 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_5" title="Matthew 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_6" title="Matthew 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_7" title="Matthew 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_8" title="Matthew 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_9" title="Matthew 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_10" title="Matthew 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_11" title="Matthew 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_12" title="Matthew 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_13" title="Matthew 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_14" title="Matthew 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_15" title="Matthew 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_16" title="Matthew 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_17" title="Matthew 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_18" title="Matthew 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_19" title="Matthew 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_20" title="Matthew 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_21" title="Matthew 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_22" title="Matthew 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_23" title="Matthew 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_24" title="Matthew 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_25" title="Matthew 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_26" title="Matthew 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_27" title="Matthew 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_28" title="Matthew 28">28</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Gospel_of_Matthew_verses" title="Category:Gospel of Matthew verses">Verses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_1" title="Category:Matthew 1">Matthew 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_2" title="Category:Matthew 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_3" title="Category:Matthew 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_4" title="Category:Matthew 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_5" title="Category:Matthew 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_6" title="Category:Matthew 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_7" title="Category:Matthew 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_8" title="Category:Matthew 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_9" title="Category:Matthew 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_10" title="Category:Matthew 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_11" title="Category:Matthew 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_12" title="Category:Matthew 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_14" title="Category:Matthew 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_15" title="Category:Matthew 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_16:2b%E2%80%933" title="Matthew 16:2b–3">16:2b–3</a>,<a href="/wiki/Matthew_16:19" title="Matthew 16:19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_27" title="Category:Matthew 27">27:1–12; 52–66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Matthew_28" title="Category:Matthew 28">28</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events<br />and phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Jesus' birth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_of_Bethlehem" title="Star of Bethlehem">Star of Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">Magi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">Flight into Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">Massacre of the Innocents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_family_of_Jesus_to_Nazareth" title="Return of the family of Jesus to Nazareth">Return to Nazareth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_heaven_(Gospel_of_Matthew)" title="Kingdom of heaven (Gospel of Matthew)">Kingdom of heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_Jesus_to_Galilee" title="Return of Jesus to Galilee">Galilean ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishers_of_men" title="Fishers of men">Fishers of men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecce_homo#Eastern_Christianity" title="Ecce homo">Behold the bridegroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Rule" title="Golden Rule">Golden Rule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_preaches_in_a_ship" title="Jesus preaches in a ship">Jesus preaches in a ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calming_the_storm" title="Calming the storm">Calming the storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeding_the_multitude" title="Feeding the multitude">Feeding the multitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_walking_on_water" title="Jesus walking on water">Walking on water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Ten_Virgins" title="Parable of the Ten Virgins">Ten Virgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">Empty tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Zebedee" class="mw-redirect" title="James, son of Zebedee">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel" title="Rachel">Rachel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Simon Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebedee" title="Zebedee">Zebedee</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Groups</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angels" class="mw-redirect" title="Angels">Angels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethany" title="Bethany">Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethsaida" title="Bethsaida">Bethsaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernaum" title="Capernaum">Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Q_source" title="Q source">Q source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M_source" title="M source">M source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Textual variants in the Gospel of Matthew">Textual variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinian_hypothesis" title="Augustinian hypothesis">Augustinian hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-gospel_hypothesis" title="Two-gospel hypothesis">Two-gospel hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthean_Posteriority_hypothesis" title="Matthean Posteriority hypothesis">Matthean Posteriority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogy of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Discourses_of_Matthew" title="Five Discourses of Matthew">Five Discourses of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calling_of_Matthew" title="Calling of Matthew">Calling of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_heaven_(Gospel_of_Matthew)" title="Kingdom of heaven (Gospel of Matthew)">Kingdom of heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel" title="Immanuel">Immanuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Pseudo-Matthew" title="Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew">Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinical_translations_of_Matthew" title="Rabbinical translations of Matthew">Rabbinical translations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shem_Tob%27s_Hebrew_Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Shem Tob's Hebrew Gospel of Matthew">Shem Tob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith%E2%80%93Matthew" title="Joseph Smith–Matthew">Joseph Smith–Matthew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/St_Matthew_Passion" title="St Matthew Passion">St Matthew Passion</a></i> (Bach, 1727/29) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Matthew_Passion_structure" title="St Matthew Passion structure">Structure</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_According_to_St._Matthew_(film)" title="The Gospel According to St. Matthew (film)">The Gospel According to St. Matthew</a></i> (1964 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Godspell" title="Godspell">Godspell</a></i> (1971 musical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Godspell_(film)" title="Godspell (film)">Godspell</a></i> (1973 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Visual_Bible:_Matthew" title="The Visual Bible: Matthew">The Visual Bible: Matthew</a></i> (1993 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_1" title="Papyrus 1">Papyrus 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_4" title="Papyrus 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_19" title="Papyrus 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_21" title="Papyrus 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_25" title="Papyrus 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_35" title="Papyrus 35">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_37" title="Papyrus 37">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_44" title="Papyrus 44">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_45" title="Papyrus 45">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_53" title="Papyrus 53">53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_62" title="Papyrus 62">62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_70" title="Papyrus 70">70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_71" title="Papyrus 71">71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_73" title="Papyrus 73">73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_77" title="Papyrus 77">77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_83" title="Papyrus 83">83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_86" title="Papyrus 86">86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_96" title="Papyrus 96">96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_101" title="Papyrus 101">101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_102" title="Papyrus 102">102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_103" title="Papyrus 103">103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_104" title="Papyrus 104">104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_105" title="Papyrus 105">105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_110" title="Papyrus 110">110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalen_papyrus" title="Magdalen papyrus">Magdalen papyrus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF%CE%BD" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Κατά Ματθαίον">Greek Text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Matthaeus" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Matthaeus">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Matthew" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/Matthew">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Matthew">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Matthew" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/Matthew">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gospel_of_Luke" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gospel_of_Luke" title="Template:Gospel of Luke"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gospel_of_Luke" title="Template talk:Gospel of Luke"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel_of_Luke" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel of Luke"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gospel_of_Luke" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Gospel_of_Luke_chapters" title="Category:Gospel of Luke chapters">Chapters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luke_1" title="Luke 1">Luke 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_2" title="Luke 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_3" title="Luke 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_4" title="Luke 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_5" title="Luke 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_6" title="Luke 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_7" title="Luke 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_8" title="Luke 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_9" title="Luke 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_10" title="Luke 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_11" title="Luke 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_12" title="Luke 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_13" title="Luke 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_14" title="Luke 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_15" title="Luke 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_16" title="Luke 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_17" title="Luke 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_18" title="Luke 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_19" title="Luke 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_20" title="Luke 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_21" title="Luke 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_22" title="Luke 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_23" title="Luke 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_24" title="Luke 24">24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Verses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luke_22:43%E2%80%9344" title="Luke 22:43–44">Luke 22:43–44</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation to Mary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Christianity)" title="Visitation (Christianity)">Elizabeth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annunciation_to_the_shepherds" title="Annunciation to the shepherds">and the shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Shepherds" title="Adoration of the Shepherds">Adoration of shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nativity of Saint John the Baptist">John the Baptist's Birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_of_Quirinius" title="Census of Quirinius">Census of Quirinius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Jesus' Birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumcision_of_Jesus" title="Circumcision of Jesus">Circumcision</a> and <a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Jesus_at_the_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Presentation of Jesus at the Temple">Presentation at the Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finding_in_the_Temple" title="Finding in the Temple">Finding in the Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calling_of_Matthew" title="Calling of Matthew">Calling of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counting_the_cost" title="Counting the cost">Counting the cost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Sermon on the Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calming_the_storm" title="Calming the storm">Calming the storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeding_the_multitude" title="Feeding the multitude">Feeding the 5000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son" title="Parable of the Prodigal Son">Prodigal son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilate%27s_court" title="Pilate's court">Pilate's court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">Empty tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedictus_(Song_of_Zechariah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictus (Song of Zechariah)">Benedictus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishers_of_men" title="Fishers of men">Fishers of men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnificat" title="Magnificat">Magnificat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wine_into_Old_Wineskins" title="New Wine into Old Wineskins">New Wine into Old Wineskins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunc_dimittis" title="Nunc dimittis">Nunc dimittis (Song of Simeon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Unjust_Steward" title="Parable of the Unjust Steward">Parable of the Unjust Steward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_man_and_Lazarus" title="Rich man and Lazarus">Rich man and Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_four_woes_of_Jesus" title="The four woes of Jesus">The four woes of Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abijah" title="Abijah">Abijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annas" title="Annas">Annas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas">Herod Antipas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_man_and_Lazarus" title="Rich man and Lazarus">Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysanias" title="Lysanias">Lysanias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_of_Bethany" class="mw-redirect" title="Martha of Bethany">Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naaman" title="Naaman">Naaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip (apostle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Tetrarch" title="Philip the Tetrarch">Philip (tetrarch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirinius" title="Quirinius">Quirinius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Simon Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_(biblical)" title="Theophilus (biblical)">Theophilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Caesar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiberius Caesar">Tiberius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebedee" title="Zebedee">Zebedee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Groups</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abilene_(biblical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abilene (biblical)">Abilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany_(biblical_village)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bethany (biblical village)">Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethsaida" title="Bethsaida">Bethsaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernaum" title="Capernaum">Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decapolis" title="Decapolis">Decapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmaus" title="Emmaus">Emmaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iturea" title="Iturea">Iturea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nein" title="Nein">Nain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachonitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Trachonitis">Trachonitis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke the Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Luke–Acts">Luke–Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Authorship of Luke–Acts">Authorship of Luke–Acts</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Synoptic Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_source" title="Q source">Q source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_source" title="L source">L source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-gospel_hypothesis" title="Two-gospel hypothesis">Two-gospel hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_school_hypothesis" title="Jerusalem school hypothesis">Jerusalem school hypothesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Gospel_of_Luke" title="Textual variants in the Gospel of Luke">Textual variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Marcion" title="Gospel of Marcion">Gospel of Marcion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jiizas:_di_Buk_We_Luuk_Rait_bout_Im" title="Jiizas: di Buk We Luuk Rait bout Im">Jiizas: di Buk We Luuk Rait bout Im</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Luke_Passion,_BWV_246" title="St Luke Passion, BWV 246"><i>St Luke Passion</i>, BWV 246</a> (1730)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Luke_Passion_(Penderecki)" title="St Luke Passion (Penderecki)"><i>St Luke Passion</i></a> (Penderecki, 1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_(1979_film)" title="Jesus (1979 film)">Jesus</a></i> (1979 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Witness:_Five_Plays_from_the_Gospel_of_Luke" title="Witness: Five Plays from the Gospel of Luke">Witness: Five Plays from the Gospel of Luke</a></i> (2007, radio)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Savior_(2014_film)" title="The Savior (2014 film)">The Savior</a></i> (2014 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_2" title="Papyrus 2">Papyrus 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_3" title="Papyrus 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_4" title="Papyrus 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_7" title="Papyrus 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_42" title="Papyrus 42">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_45" title="Papyrus 45">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_69" title="Papyrus 69">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_75" title="Papyrus 75">75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_82" title="Papyrus 82">82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_97" title="Papyrus 97">97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_111" title="Papyrus 111">111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Nitriensis" title="Codex Nitriensis">Codex Nitriensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohrid_Glagolitic_fragments" title="Ohrid Glagolitic fragments">Ohrid Glagolitic fragments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BD" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Κατά Λουκάν">Greek Text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Lucas" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Lucas">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Luke" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/Luke">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Luke">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Luke" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/Luke">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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citations needed section\"] = 1,\n [\"OED\"] = 1,\n [\"OEtymD\"] = 3,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Post-nominals\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Refn\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 13,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Synoptic problem\"] = 1,\n [\"When\"] = 1,\n [\"Which\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-686b57647c-qs5lh","timestamp":"20241215214158","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Synoptic Gospels","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synoptic_Gospels","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q106046","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q106046","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-05-05T17:18:13Z","dateModified":"2024-12-10T16:43:30Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6f\/Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg","headline":"way to describe the gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke collectively"}</script> </body> </html>