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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Origins_of_the_music_of_Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_of_the_music_of_Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Origins of the music of Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_of_the_music_of_Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Medieval period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renaissance_and_Baroque_periods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renaissance_and_Baroque_periods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Renaissance and Baroque periods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renaissance_and_Baroque_periods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18th_to_20th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th_to_20th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>18th to 20th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_to_20th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Performers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yé-yé" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yé-yé"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Yé-yé</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yé-yé-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_music_in_Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_music_in_Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Popular music in Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_music_in_Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_by_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_by_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Music by region</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Music_by_region-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Music by region subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Music_by_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Andalusia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andalusia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Andalusia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andalusia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aragon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aragon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Aragon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aragon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asturias,_Cantabria_and_Galicia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asturias,_Cantabria_and_Galicia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Asturias, Cantabria and Galicia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asturias,_Cantabria_and_Galicia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Balearic_Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balearic_Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Balearic Islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balearic_Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basque_Country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basque_Country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Basque Country</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basque_Country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canary_Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canary_Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Canary Islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canary_Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Castile,_Madrid_and_León" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Castile,_Madrid_and_León"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>Castile, Madrid and León</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Castile,_Madrid_and_León-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catalonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catalonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.8</span> <span>Catalonia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catalonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extremadura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extremadura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.9</span> <span>Extremadura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extremadura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Murcia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Murcia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.10</span> <span>Murcia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Murcia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Navarre_and_La_Rioja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navarre_and_La_Rioja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.11</span> <span>Navarre and La Rioja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Navarre_and_La_Rioja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Valencia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valencia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.12</span> <span>Valencia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Valencia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Música de España – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Música de España" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="موسیقی در اسپانیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موسیقی در اسپانیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musique_espagnole" title="Musique espagnole – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Musique espagnole" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" 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href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Classical_Guitar_two_views.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Classical_Guitar_two_views.jpg/220px-Classical_Guitar_two_views.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Classical_Guitar_two_views.jpg/330px-Classical_Guitar_two_views.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Classical_Guitar_two_views.jpg/440px-Classical_Guitar_two_views.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1051" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The modern classical <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitar</a> and its baroque predecessor were invented in Spain</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a> has a long history. It has played an important role in the development of Western music, and has greatly influenced <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American music">Latin American music</a>. Spanish music is often associated with traditional styles such as <a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">flamenco</a> and classical guitar. While these forms of music are common, there are many different traditional musical and dance styles across the regions. For example, music from the north-west regions is heavily reliant on <a href="/wiki/Bagpipes" title="Bagpipes">bagpipes</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Jota_(music)" title="Jota (music)">jota</a> is widespread in the centre and north of the country, and flamenco originated in the south. Spanish music played a notable part in the early developments of western classical music, from the 15th through the early 17th century. The breadth of musical innovation can be seen in composers like <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Luis_de_Victoria" title="Tomás Luis de Victoria">Tomás Luis de Victoria</a>, styles like the <a href="/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela">zarzuela</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_opera" title="Spanish opera">Spanish opera</a>, the ballet of <a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Falla" title="Manuel de Falla">Manuel de Falla</a>, and the classical guitar music of <a href="/wiki/Francisco_T%C3%A1rrega" title="Francisco Tárrega">Francisco Tárrega</a>. Nowadays, in Spain as elsewhere, the different styles of commercial <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a> are dominant. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_of_the_music_of_Spain">Origins of the music of Spain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins of the music of Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albarrac%C3%ADn_-_Museo_Diocesano_-_Instrumentos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Albarrac%C3%ADn_-_Museo_Diocesano_-_Instrumentos.jpg/220px-Albarrac%C3%ADn_-_Museo_Diocesano_-_Instrumentos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Albarrac%C3%ADn_-_Museo_Diocesano_-_Instrumentos.jpg/330px-Albarrac%C3%ADn_-_Museo_Diocesano_-_Instrumentos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Albarrac%C3%ADn_-_Museo_Diocesano_-_Instrumentos.jpg/440px-Albarrac%C3%ADn_-_Museo_Diocesano_-_Instrumentos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3272" data-file-height="4208" /></a><figcaption>Musical instruments in the Diocesan Museum of <a href="/wiki/Albarrac%C3%ADn" title="Albarracín">Albarracín</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> has had a history of receiving different musical influences from around the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> and across Europe. In the two centuries before the Christian era, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman rule</a> brought with it the music and ideas of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a>; early Christians, who had their own differing versions of church music arrived during the height of the Roman Empire; the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a>, a Romanized <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic people</a>, who took control of the peninsula following the fall of the Roman Empire; the <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a> and Jews in the Middle Ages. Hence, there have been more than two thousand years of internal and external influences and developments that have produced a large number of unique musical traditions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medieval_period">Medieval period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Medieval period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cantiga_flute.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Cantiga_flute.jpg/220px-Cantiga_flute.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Cantiga_flute.jpg/330px-Cantiga_flute.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Cantiga_flute.jpg/440px-Cantiga_flute.jpg 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="984" /></a><figcaption><i>Cantigas de Santa maría</i>, medieval Spain</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Codex_Las_Huelgas.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Codex_Las_Huelgas.gif/220px-Codex_Las_Huelgas.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Codex_Las_Huelgas.gif/330px-Codex_Las_Huelgas.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Codex_Las_Huelgas.gif/440px-Codex_Las_Huelgas.gif 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="392" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Codex_Las_Huelgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Codex Las Huelgas">Codex Las Huelgas</a>, a medieval Spanish music manuscript, circa 1300 AD.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a> wrote about the local music in the 6th century. His influences were predominantly Greek, and yet he was an original thinker, and recorded some of the first details about the early music of the Christian church. He perhaps is most famous in musical history for declaring that it was not possible to notate sounds, an assertion which revealed his ignorance of the notational system of ancient Greece, suggesting that this knowledge had been lost with the fall of the Roman Empire in the west.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a> of <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a> were usually relatively tolerant of Christianity and Judaism, especially during the first three centuries of their long presence in the Iberian peninsula, during which Christian and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_music" title="Jewish music">Jewish music</a> continued to flourish. <a href="/wiki/Music_notation" class="mw-redirect" title="Music notation">Music notation</a> was developed in Spain as early as the 8th century (the so-called Visigothic <a href="/wiki/Neume" title="Neume">neumes</a>) to notate the chant and other sacred <a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">music of the Christian church</a>, but this obscure notation has not yet been deciphered by scholars, and exists only in small fragments.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The music of the early medieval Christian church in Spain is known, misleadingly, as the "<a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Chant" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozarabic Chant">Mozarabic Chant</a>", which developed in isolation prior to the Islamic invasion and was not subject to the Papacy's enforcement of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a> as the standard around the time of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>, by which time the Muslim armies had conquered most of the Iberian peninsula. As the Christian <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">reconquista</a> progressed, these chants were almost entirely replaced by the Gregorian standard, once Rome had regained control of the Iberian churches. The style of Spanish popular songs of the time is presumed to have been heavily influenced by the music of the Moors, especially in the south, but as much of the country still spoke various Latin dialects while under Moorish rule (known today as the <a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozarabic language">Mozarabic</a>) earlier musical folk styles from the pre-Islamic period continued in the countryside where most of the population lived, in the same way as the Mozarabic Chant continued to flourish in the churches. In the royal Christian courts of the reconquistors, music like the <a href="/wiki/Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria" title="Cantigas de Santa Maria">Cantigas de Santa Maria</a>, also reflected Moorish influences. Other important medieval sources include the <a href="/wiki/Codex_Calixtinus" title="Codex Calixtinus">Codex Calixtinus</a> collection from <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Codex_Las_Huelgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Codex Las Huelgas">Codex Las Huelgas</a> from <a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a>. The so-called <a href="/wiki/Llibre_Vermell_de_Montserrat" title="Llibre Vermell de Montserrat">Llibre Vermell de Montserrat</a> (red book) is an important devotional collection from the 14th century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Renaissance_and_Baroque_periods">Renaissance and Baroque periods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Renaissance and Baroque periods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vihuelaplayer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Vihuelaplayer.jpg/220px-Vihuelaplayer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Vihuelaplayer.jpg/330px-Vihuelaplayer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Vihuelaplayer.jpg/440px-Vihuelaplayer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption>Orpheus playing the <a href="/wiki/Vihuela" title="Vihuela">vihuela</a>. Frontispiece from the famous work <i>El maestro</i> by <a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Mil%C3%A1n" title="Luis de Milán">Luis de Milán</a>, 1536.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mateo_Flecha" title="Mateo Flecha">Mateo Flecha</a> el Viejo and the Castilian dramatist <a href="/wiki/Juan_del_Encina" title="Juan del Encina">Juan del Encina</a> ranked among the main composers in the post-<a href="/wiki/Ars_Nova" class="mw-redirect" title="Ars Nova">Ars Nova</a> period. Renaissance song books included the <a href="/wiki/Cancionero_de_Palacio" title="Cancionero de Palacio">Cancionero de Palacio</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cancionero_de_Medinaceli" title="Cancionero de Medinaceli">Cancionero de Medinaceli</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cancionero_de_Upsala" title="Cancionero de Upsala">Cancionero de Upsala</a> (kept in <a href="/wiki/Carolina_Rediviva" title="Carolina Rediviva">Carolina Rediviva</a> library), the <a href="/wiki/Cancionero_de_la_Colombina" title="Cancionero de la Colombina">Cancionero de la Colombina</a>, and the later <a href="/wiki/Cancionero_de_la_Sablonara" title="Cancionero de la Sablonara">Cancionero de la Sablonara</a>. The organist <a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Cabez%C3%B3n" title="Antonio de Cabezón">Antonio de Cabezón</a> stands out for his keyboard compositions and mastery. </p><p>An early 16th-century <a href="/wiki/Polyphony" title="Polyphony">polyphonic</a> vocal style developed in Spain was closely related to that of the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Flemish_School" title="Franco-Flemish School">Franco-Flemish</a> composers. Merging of these styles occurred during the period when the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Duke of Burgundy">Burgundy</a> were part of the dominions under <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a> (king of Spain from 1516 to 1556), since composers from the North of Europe visited Spain, and native Spaniards traveled within the empire, which extended to the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, Germany and Italy. Music composed for the <a href="/wiki/Vihuela" title="Vihuela">vihuela</a> by <a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Mil%C3%A1n" title="Luis de Milán">Luis de Milán</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alonso_Mudarra" title="Alonso Mudarra">Alonso Mudarra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Luis de Narváez">Luis de Narváez</a> was one of the main achievements of the period. The Aragonese <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Sanz" title="Gaspar Sanz">Gaspar Sanz</a> authored the first learning method for guitar. Spanish composers of the Renaissance included <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Guerrero_(composer)" title="Francisco Guerrero (composer)">Francisco Guerrero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_de_Morales" title="Cristóbal de Morales">Cristóbal de Morales</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Luis_de_Victoria" title="Tomás Luis de Victoria">Tomás Luis de Victoria</a> (late Renaissance period), all of whom spent a significant portion of their careers in Rome. The latter was said to have reached a level of polyphonic perfection and expressive intensity equal or even superior to <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina" title="Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina">Palestrina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orlando_di_Lasso" title="Orlando di Lasso">Lassus</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Most Spanish composers returned home from travels abroad late in their careers to spread their musical knowledge in their native land, or in the late 16th century to serve at the Court of <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="18th_to_20th_centuries">18th to 20th centuries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 18th to 20th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Escuela_de_M%C3%BAsica_seg%C3%BAn_la_pr%C3%A1ctica_moderna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Escuela_de_M%C3%BAsica_seg%C3%BAn_la_pr%C3%A1ctica_moderna.jpg/220px-Escuela_de_M%C3%BAsica_seg%C3%BAn_la_pr%C3%A1ctica_moderna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Escuela_de_M%C3%BAsica_seg%C3%BAn_la_pr%C3%A1ctica_moderna.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Front cover of book: <i>Escuela Música según la práctica moderna</i> published in 1723–1724</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Soler_Concerto.ogg" title="File:Soler Concerto.ogg">Antonio Soler's Sonata No. 84, an example of Classical era music in Spain</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="508" data-mwtitle="Soler_Concerto.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Soler_Concerto.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/Soler_Concerto.ogg/Soler_Concerto.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>By the end of the 17th century the "classical" musical culture of Spain was in decline, and was to remain that way until the 19th century. Classicism in Spain, when it arrived, was inspired by Italian models, as in the works of <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Soler" title="Antonio Soler">Antonio Soler</a>. Some outstanding Italian composers such as <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Scarlatti" title="Domenico Scarlatti">Domenico Scarlatti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Boccherini" title="Luigi Boccherini">Luigi Boccherini</a> were appointed to the Madrid royal court. The short-lived <a href="/wiki/Juan_Cris%C3%B3stomo_Arriaga" title="Juan Crisóstomo Arriaga">Juan Crisóstomo Arriaga</a> is credited as the main beginner of Romantic sinfonism in Spain. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raquel_Meller_Time_magazine_cover_April_26,_1926.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Raquel_Meller_Time_magazine_cover_April_26%2C_1926.jpg/220px-Raquel_Meller_Time_magazine_cover_April_26%2C_1926.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Raquel_Meller_Time_magazine_cover_April_26%2C_1926.jpg/330px-Raquel_Meller_Time_magazine_cover_April_26%2C_1926.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Raquel_Meller_Time_magazine_cover_April_26%2C_1926.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Raquel_Meller" title="Raquel Meller">Raquel Meller</a> appeared on the 26 April 1926 cover of <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although symphonic music was never too important in Spain, chamber, solo instrumental (mainly guitar and piano) vocal and opera (both traditional opera, and the Spanish version of the singspiel) music was written by local composers. <a href="/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela">Zarzuela</a>, a native form of opera that includes spoken dialogue, is a secular musical genre which developed in the mid-17th century, flourishing most importantly in the century after 1850. <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Asenjo_Barbieri" title="Francisco Asenjo Barbieri">Francisco Asenjo Barbieri</a> was a key figure in the development of the romantic zarzuela; whilst later composers such as <a href="/wiki/Ruperto_Chap%C3%AD" title="Ruperto Chapí">Ruperto Chapí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federico_Chueca" title="Federico Chueca">Federico Chueca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Bret%C3%B3n" title="Tomás Bretón">Tomás Bretón</a> brought the genre to its late 19th-century apogee. Leading 20th-century zarzuela composers included <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Soroz%C3%A1bal" title="Pablo Sorozábal">Pablo Sorozábal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federico_Moreno_Torroba" title="Federico Moreno Torroba">Federico Moreno Torroba</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sor" title="Fernando Sor">Fernando Sor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dionisio_Aguado" class="mw-redirect" title="Dionisio Aguado">Dionisio Aguado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_T%C3%A1rrega" title="Francisco Tárrega">Francisco Tárrega</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Llobet" title="Miguel Llobet">Miguel Llobet</a> are known as composers of guitar music. Fine literature for violin was created by <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Sarasate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pablo Sarasate">Pablo Sarasate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_de_Monasterio" title="Jesús de Monasterio">Jesús de Monasterio</a>. </p><p>Musical creativity mainly moved into areas of popular music until the nationalist revival of the late Romantic era. Spanish composers of this period included <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Pedrell" class="mw-redirect" title="Felipe Pedrell">Felipe Pedrell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Alb%C3%A9niz" title="Isaac Albéniz">Isaac Albéniz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Granados" title="Enrique Granados">Enrique Granados</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Turina" title="Joaquín Turina">Joaquín Turina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Falla" title="Manuel de Falla">Manuel de Falla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Guridi" title="Jesús Guridi">Jesús Guridi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Halffter" title="Ernesto Halffter">Ernesto Halffter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federico_Mompou" title="Federico Mompou">Federico Mompou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Bacarisse" title="Salvador Bacarisse">Salvador Bacarisse</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Rodrigo" title="Joaquín Rodrigo">Joaquín Rodrigo</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performers">Performers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Performers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-AI_generated plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg/60px-OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg/80px-OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may incorporate text from a <a href="/wiki/Large_language_model" title="Large language model">large language model</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> It may include <a href="/wiki/Hallucination_(artificial_intelligence)" title="Hallucination (artificial intelligence)">hallucinated</a> information or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fictitious_references" title="Wikipedia:Fictitious references">references</a>. Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit">remove</a> claims that are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RS">unverifiable</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COPYVIO" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:COPYVIO">copyright violations</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:LLM" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:LLM">the project page about this</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_musicians" title="List of Spanish musicians">List of Spanish musicians</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_bands_from_Spain" title="List of bands from Spain">List of bands from Spain</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raphael_de_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Raphael_de_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg/200px-Raphael_de_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Raphael_de_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg/300px-Raphael_de_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Raphael_de_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg/400px-Raphael_de_Espa%C3%B1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3306" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(singer)" title="Raphael (singer)">Raphael</a> recognized for being one of the forerunners of the romantic ballad.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the realm of classical music, Spain boasts a rich tradition of accomplished singers and performers who have made significant contributions to the global musical landscape. The country hosts a vibrant classical music scene, characterized by a multitude of professional orchestras and esteemed opera houses. </p><p>With over forty professional orchestras spread across its regions, Spain serves as a hub for orchestral excellence. Among these ensembles, notable names include the <a href="/wiki/Orquestra_Simf%C3%B2nica_de_Barcelona" class="mw-redirect" title="Orquestra Simfònica de Barcelona">Orquestra Simfònica de Barcelona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orquesta_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Orquesta Nacional de España">Orquesta Nacional de España</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Orquesta_Sinf%C3%B3nica_de_Madrid" title="Orquesta Sinfónica de Madrid">Orquesta Sinfónica de Madrid</a>. These orchestras showcase the nation's commitment to fostering musical talent and nurturing classical repertoire. </p><p>In addition to its orchestral prowess, Spain boasts a selection of distinguished opera houses that serve as pillars of the classical music community. Among these institutions, the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Real" title="Teatro Real">Teatro Real</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gran_Teatre_del_Liceu" class="mw-redirect" title="Gran Teatre del Liceu">Gran Teatre del Liceu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Arriaga" title="Teatro Arriaga">Teatro Arriaga</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/El_Palau_de_les_Arts_Reina_Sof%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="El Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía">El Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía</a> stand as esteemed venues renowned for their commitment to showcasing world-class opera productions. These <a href="/wiki/Opera_houses" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera houses">opera houses</a> provide platforms for both established and emerging singers to showcase their talents on a prestigious stage. </p><p>During the 1940s, Spanish music was shaped by the aftermath of the Civil War and Francisco Franco's dictatorship. Traditional genres like flamenco and classical music continued to thrive, albeit under strict censorship. Popular music forms such as zarzuela and <a href="/wiki/Pasodoble" title="Pasodoble">pasodoble</a> celebrated Spanish identity. The era reflected a complex interplay of cultural resilience, political control, and the influence of broader European events like World War II. Overall, music in 1940s Spain mirrored a society in transition, navigating between tradition and the constraints of authoritarian rule. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yé-yé"><span id="Y.C3.A9-y.C3.A9"></span>Yé-yé</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Yé-yé"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-AI_generated plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg/60px-OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg/80px-OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may incorporate text from a <a href="/wiki/Large_language_model" title="Large language model">large language model</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> It may include <a href="/wiki/Hallucination_(artificial_intelligence)" title="Hallucination (artificial intelligence)">hallucinated</a> information or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fictitious_references" title="Wikipedia:Fictitious references">references</a>. Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit">remove</a> claims that are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RS">unverifiable</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COPYVIO" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:COPYVIO">copyright violations</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:LLM" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:LLM">the project page about this</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A9-y%C3%A9" title="Yé-yé">Yé-yé</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spaanse_zangeres_Massiel,_winnares_Euro_Song_Festival_tijdens_opname_in_studio_K,_Bestanddeelnr_921-2649.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Spaanse_zangeres_Massiel%2C_winnares_Euro_Song_Festival_tijdens_opname_in_studio_K%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2649.jpg/170px-Spaanse_zangeres_Massiel%2C_winnares_Euro_Song_Festival_tijdens_opname_in_studio_K%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2649.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Spaanse_zangeres_Massiel%2C_winnares_Euro_Song_Festival_tijdens_opname_in_studio_K%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2649.jpg/255px-Spaanse_zangeres_Massiel%2C_winnares_Euro_Song_Festival_tijdens_opname_in_studio_K%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2649.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Spaanse_zangeres_Massiel%2C_winnares_Euro_Song_Festival_tijdens_opname_in_studio_K%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2649.jpg/340px-Spaanse_zangeres_Massiel%2C_winnares_Euro_Song_Festival_tijdens_opname_in_studio_K%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2649.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2437" data-file-height="3708" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Massiel" title="Massiel">Massiel</a>, one of the most successful Yé-yé singers from Spain.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Yé-yé movement, stemming from the English pop-refrain "yeah-yeah," took on a unique form in various cultural contexts, notably in France and Spain. Initially coined in France to describe a genre influenced by American rock and British <a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">beat music</a> of the early 1960s, such as the <a href="/wiki/Twist_(dance)" title="Twist (dance)">twist</a>, Yé-yé music quickly gained popularity for its lively and uplifting characteristics. In Spain, <a href="/wiki/Concha_Velasco" title="Concha Velasco">Concha Velasco</a> is often credited as the catalyst for the Yé-yé scene with her 1965 hit "La Chica Ye-Yé." However, even before Velasco's breakthrough, artists like <a href="/wiki/Maribel_Llaudes_aka_Karina" class="mw-redirect" title="Maribel Llaudes aka Karina">Karina</a> had already begun making significant strides with their infectious tunes as early as 1963. These pioneering female singers not only popularized Yé-yé music but also set the stage for a vibrant cultural movement characterized by catchy melodies and youthful exuberance. </p><p>Spanish Yé-yé music, much like its French counterpart, drew heavily from American and British influences but also incorporated elements of traditional Spanish music. This fusion of styles created a dynamic musical landscape that resonated with audiences not only in Spain but also across Spanish-speaking communities worldwide. The genre's ability to blend international pop trends with indigenous musical traditions contributed to its enduring appeal and cultural significance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_music_in_Spain">Popular music in Spain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Popular music in Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-AI_generated plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg/60px-OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg/80px-OOjs_UI_icon_robot.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may incorporate text from a <a href="/wiki/Large_language_model" title="Large language model">large language model</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> It may include <a href="/wiki/Hallucination_(artificial_intelligence)" title="Hallucination (artificial intelligence)">hallucinated</a> information or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fictitious_references" title="Wikipedia:Fictitious references">references</a>. Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit">remove</a> claims that are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RS">unverifiable</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COPYVIO" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:COPYVIO">copyright violations</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:LLM" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:LLM">the project page about this</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Essay-like plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-essay-like" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>is written like a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_publisher_of_original_thought" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay</a></b> that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit">help improve it</a> by rewriting it in an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Information_style_and_tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">encyclopedic style</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rocio_Durcal_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Rocio_Durcal_1962.jpg/175px-Rocio_Durcal_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Rocio_Durcal_1962.jpg/263px-Rocio_Durcal_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Rocio_Durcal_1962.jpg/350px-Rocio_Durcal_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Roc%C3%ADo_D%C3%BArcal" title="Rocío Dúrcal">Rocío Dúrcal</a> is one of the best-selling Spanish-speaking women in the industry.</figcaption></figure> <p>Spanish pop music's journey through the tumultuous years of <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>'s regime was marked by resilience and adaptation. Despite strict censorship and limited outlets for contemporary music, the <a href="/wiki/Benidorm_International_Song_Festival" title="Benidorm International Song Festival">Benidorm International Song Festival</a> emerged as a beacon of opportunity for Spanish musicians. Inspired by Italy's <a href="/wiki/Festival_della_canzone_italiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Festival della canzone italiana">San Remo Music Festival</a>, Benidorm provided a crucial platform for artists to showcase new musical styles to eager audiences. This festival not only introduced international influences but also nurtured local talent, laying the groundwork for future developments in Spanish pop. An injured <a href="/wiki/Real_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Madrid">Real Madrid</a> football player-turned-singer, for example, became the world-famous <a href="/wiki/Julio_Iglesias" title="Julio Iglesias">Julio Iglesias</a>. During the 1960s and early 1970s, tourism boomed, bringing yet more musical styles from the rest of the continent and abroad. During Franco's rule, which heavily restricted women's rights and roles in public life, female artists faced additional barriers in expressing themselves through music. However, some managed to break through these constraints, contributing to the vibrant underground music scene that emerged despite censorship. Artists like <a href="/wiki/Marisol_(actress)" title="Marisol (actress)">Marisol</a>, who started as a child star in the 1960s, and <a href="/wiki/Roc%C3%ADo_D%C3%BArcal" title="Rocío Dúrcal">Rocío Dúrcal</a>, who became a prominent figure in Spanish music and film, navigated these challenges to become beloved icons of their time. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Julio_Iglesias09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Julio_Iglesias09.jpg/175px-Julio_Iglesias09.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Julio_Iglesias09.jpg/263px-Julio_Iglesias09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Julio_Iglesias09.jpg/350px-Julio_Iglesias09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Julio_Iglesias" title="Julio Iglesias">Julio Iglesias</a> is the Latin artist who has sold the most albums in history.</figcaption></figure> <p>The 1980s ushered in a transformative era with <i><a href="/wiki/La_Movida_Madrile%C3%B1a" title="La Movida Madrileña">La Movida Madrileña</a></i>, a countercultural movement centered in Madrid. This period was pivotal for Spain's pop music scene, fostering a spirit of experimentation and creativity across diverse genres such as electronica, Euro disco, rock, punk, and hip-hop. Spanish pop music began to carve out its own distinctive identity, moving beyond emulation of Anglo-American trends to embrace originality and diversity. La Movida not only revitalized artistic expression but also catalyzed the industry's growth, setting the stage for Spain's emergence as a powerhouse in global music. Female artists such as Alaska (of <a href="/wiki/Alaska_y_los_Pegamoides" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska y los Pegamoides">Alaska y los Pegamoides</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Fangoria_(band)" title="Fangoria (band)">Fangoria</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Martirio" title="Martirio">Martirio</a> emerged as influential figures, challenging traditional gender roles and exploring new sounds and styles. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%B3nica_Naranjo_en_la_presentaci%C3%B3n_de_la_8%C2%AA_edici%C3%B3n_de_la_Gala_Sida_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/M%C3%B3nica_Naranjo_en_la_presentaci%C3%B3n_de_la_8%C2%AA_edici%C3%B3n_de_la_Gala_Sida_2.jpg/150px-M%C3%B3nica_Naranjo_en_la_presentaci%C3%B3n_de_la_8%C2%AA_edici%C3%B3n_de_la_Gala_Sida_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/M%C3%B3nica_Naranjo_en_la_presentaci%C3%B3n_de_la_8%C2%AA_edici%C3%B3n_de_la_Gala_Sida_2.jpg/225px-M%C3%B3nica_Naranjo_en_la_presentaci%C3%B3n_de_la_8%C2%AA_edici%C3%B3n_de_la_Gala_Sida_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/M%C3%B3nica_Naranjo_en_la_presentaci%C3%B3n_de_la_8%C2%AA_edici%C3%B3n_de_la_Gala_Sida_2.jpg/300px-M%C3%B3nica_Naranjo_en_la_presentaci%C3%B3n_de_la_8%C2%AA_edici%C3%B3n_de_la_Gala_Sida_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="473" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3nica_Naranjo" title="Mónica Naranjo">Mónica Naranjo</a> rose to fame in the 1990s with hits like "Sola" and "Sobreviviré"</figcaption></figure> <p>Julio Iglesias, <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Iglesias" title="Enrique Iglesias">Enrique Iglesias</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Sanz" title="Alejandro Sanz">Alejandro Sanz</a> stand as icons of Spanish pop music's international success. These artists not only captivated audiences within Spain but also resonated globally, showcasing the universal appeal of Spanish-language music. Julio Iglesias, in particular, achieved unprecedented success as the best-selling male Latin artist of all time, illustrating the enduring impact of Spanish pop on the global music landscape.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Spain itself, the 1990s were characterized by a vibrant underground music scene that thrived in major cities like Madrid and Barcelona. Alternative rock bands such as <a href="/wiki/Los_Planetas" title="Los Planetas">Los Planetas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dover_(band)" title="Dover (band)">Dover</a> gained prominence, bringing a fresh energy to Spanish pop with their indie rock influences and experimental sounds. This period also saw the emergence of electronic music and dance clubs, further diversifying the musical landscape and fostering a new generation of DJs and producers. The integration of Spanish and Latin American music markets further amplified this influence, fostering a dynamic cultural exchange that continues to shape trends and innovation in the industry. <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3nica_Naranjo" title="Mónica Naranjo">Mónica Naranjo</a>, known for her powerful vocals and dramatic performances, and <a href="/wiki/Ana_Bel%C3%A9n" title="Ana Belén">Ana Belén</a>, whose sophisticated style and versatile voice made her a prominent figure. These artists contributed to a diverse and vibrant era in Spanish music, each leaving a lasting impact with their distinctive contributions to the genre. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GIBRALTAR_MUSIC_FESTIVAL_2013_-_LA_OREJA_DE_VAN_GOGH_(9699918237)_(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/GIBRALTAR_MUSIC_FESTIVAL_2013_-_LA_OREJA_DE_VAN_GOGH_%289699918237%29_%285%29.jpg/220px-GIBRALTAR_MUSIC_FESTIVAL_2013_-_LA_OREJA_DE_VAN_GOGH_%289699918237%29_%285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/GIBRALTAR_MUSIC_FESTIVAL_2013_-_LA_OREJA_DE_VAN_GOGH_%289699918237%29_%285%29.jpg/330px-GIBRALTAR_MUSIC_FESTIVAL_2013_-_LA_OREJA_DE_VAN_GOGH_%289699918237%29_%285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/GIBRALTAR_MUSIC_FESTIVAL_2013_-_LA_OREJA_DE_VAN_GOGH_%289699918237%29_%285%29.jpg/440px-GIBRALTAR_MUSIC_FESTIVAL_2013_-_LA_OREJA_DE_VAN_GOGH_%289699918237%29_%285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1969" data-file-height="1313" /></a><figcaption>Since their debut <a href="/wiki/La_Oreja_de_Van_Gogh" title="La Oreja de Van Gogh">La Oreja de Van Gogh</a>, they have sold more than 8 million albums worldwide.</figcaption></figure> <p>Artists like <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Iglesias" title="Enrique Iglesias">Enrique Iglesias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Sanz" title="Alejandro Sanz">Alejandro Sanz</a> have become successful internationally winning major music awards such as the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a>. As Spanish is commonly spoken in Spain and most of Latin America, music from both regions have been able to crossover with each other.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Sociedad_General_de_Autores_y_Editores" title="Sociedad General de Autores y Editores">Sociedad General de Autores y Editores</a> (SGAE), Spain is the largest Latino music market in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the <a href="/wiki/Latin_music_(genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin music (genre)">Latin music</a> industry encompasses Spanish-language music from Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Latin_Academy_of_Recording_Arts_%26_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences">Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences</a>, the organization responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Grammy Award">Latin Grammy Awards</a>, includes music from Spain including a category for <a href="/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Award_for_Best_Flamenco_Album" title="Latin Grammy Award for Best Flamenco Album">Best Flamenco Album</a> with voting members living in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music_by_region">Music by region</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Music by region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The regions of Spain have distinctive musical traditions. There is also a movement of singer-songwriters with politically active lyrics, paralleling similar developments in Latin America and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>. The singer and composer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eliseo_Parra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eliseo Parra (page does not exist)">Eliseo Parra</a> (b 1949) has recorded traditional folk music from the Basque country and Castile as well as his own compositions inspired from the musical styles of Spain and abroad. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Andalusia">Andalusia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Andalusia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Andalusia" title="Music of Andalusia">Music of Andalusia</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FlamencoSevilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/FlamencoSevilla.jpg/165px-FlamencoSevilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/FlamencoSevilla.jpg/248px-FlamencoSevilla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/FlamencoSevilla.jpg/330px-FlamencoSevilla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flamenco dancing in <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pandaverdiales.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pandaverdiales.jpg/220px-Pandaverdiales.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pandaverdiales.jpg/330px-Pandaverdiales.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pandaverdiales.jpg/440px-Pandaverdiales.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><i>Panda de Verdiales</i> in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Though <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a> is best known for <a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">flamenco</a> music, there is also a tradition of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaita_rociera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaita rociera (page does not exist)">gaita rociera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tabor_pipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabor pipe">tabor pipe</a>) music in western Andalusia and a distinct violin and plucked-string type of band music known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panda_de_verdiales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panda de verdiales (page does not exist)">panda de verdiales</a> in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sevillanas" title="Sevillanas">Sevillanas</a> is related to flamenco and most flamenco performers have at least one classic sevillana in their repertoire. The style originated as a medieval Castilian dance, called the <a href="/wiki/Seguidilla" title="Seguidilla">seguidilla</a>, which was adopted with a flamenco style in the 19th century. Today, this lively couples' dance is popular in most parts of Spain, though the dance is often associated with the city of Seville's famous <a href="/w/index.php?title=Easter_feria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Easter feria (page does not exist)">Easter feria</a>. </p><p>The region has also produced singer-songwriters like <a href="/wiki/Javier_Ruibal" title="Javier Ruibal">Javier Ruibal</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Cano_(singer-songwriter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlos Cano (singer-songwriter) (page does not exist)">Carlos Cano</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Cano" class="extiw" title="es:Carlos Cano">es</a>]</span>, who revived a traditional music called <i><a href="/wiki/Copla_(music)" title="Copla (music)">copla</a></i>. Catalan <a href="/wiki/Kiko_Veneno" title="Kiko Veneno">Kiko Veneno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Sabina" title="Joaquín Sabina">Joaquín Sabina</a> are popular performers in a distinctly Spanish-style <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock music</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_music" title="Sephardic music">Sephardic musicians</a> like <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurora_Moreno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurora Moreno (page does not exist)">Aurora Moreno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Delgado_(musician)" title="Luis Delgado (musician)">Luís Delgado</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosa_Zaragoza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosa Zaragoza (page does not exist)">Rosa Zaragoza</a> keep Andalusian <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_music" title="Sephardic music">Sephardic music</a> alive. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aragon">Aragon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Aragon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Aragon" title="Music of Aragon">Music of Aragon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jota_aragonesa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Jota_aragonesa.jpg/220px-Jota_aragonesa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Jota_aragonesa.jpg/330px-Jota_aragonesa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Jota_aragonesa.jpg/440px-Jota_aragonesa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><i>Aragonese jota</i> dancing.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Jota_(music)" title="Jota (music)">Jota</a>, popular across Spain, might have its historical roots in the southern part of <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a>. Jota instruments include the <a href="/wiki/Castanets" title="Castanets">castanets</a>, guitar, <a href="/wiki/Bandurria" title="Bandurria">bandurria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tambourine" title="Tambourine">tambourines</a> and sometimes the flute. The <a href="/wiki/Guitarro_(instrument)" title="Guitarro (instrument)">guitarro</a>, a unique kind of small guitar also seen in Murcia, seems Aragonese in origin. Besides its music for stick-dances and <a href="/wiki/Dulzaina" title="Dulzaina">dulzaina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shawm" title="Shawm">shawm</a>), Aragon has its own <a href="/wiki/Gaita_de_boto" title="Gaita de boto">gaita de boto</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bagpipes" title="Bagpipes">bagpipes</a>) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiflo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiflo (page does not exist)">chiflo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tabor_pipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabor pipe">tabor pipe</a>). As in the Basque country, Aragonese chiflo can be played along to a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicot%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chicotén (page does not exist)">chicotén</a> string-drum (<a href="/wiki/Psaltery" title="Psaltery">psaltery</a>) rhythm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asturias,_Cantabria_and_Galicia"><span id="Asturias.2C_Cantabria_and_Galicia"></span>Asturias, Cantabria and Galicia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Asturias, Cantabria and Galicia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Galicia,_Cantabria_and_Asturias" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias">Music of Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_son_de_la_gaita.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Al_son_de_la_gaita.jpg/150px-Al_son_de_la_gaita.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Al_son_de_la_gaita.jpg/225px-Al_son_de_la_gaita.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Al_son_de_la_gaita.jpg/300px-Al_son_de_la_gaita.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>Asturian gaiteros (bagpipe players)</figcaption></figure> <p>Northwest Spain (<a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a>, Galicia and <a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a>) is home to a distinct musical tradition extending back into the Middle Ages. The signature instrument of the region is the <a href="/wiki/Gaita_(bagpipe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaita (bagpipe)">gaita</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bagpipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagpipe">bagpipe</a>). The gaita is often accompanied by a <a href="/wiki/Snare_drum" title="Snare drum">snare drum</a>, called the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamboril_(percussion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamboril (percussion) (page does not exist)">tamboril</a>, and is played in processional marches. Other instruments include the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Requinta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Requinta (page does not exist)">requinta</a>, a kind of <a href="/wiki/Fife_(musical_instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fife (musical instrument)">fife</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">harps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiddles" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiddles">fiddles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rebec" title="Rebec">rebec</a> and <i>zanfona</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hurdy-gurdy" title="Hurdy-gurdy">hurdy-gurdy</a>). The music itself runs the gamut from uptempo <a href="/wiki/Mui%C3%B1eira" title="Muiñeira">muiñeiras</a> to stately marches. As in the Basque Country, <a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabrian</a> music also features intricate arch and stick dances but the <a href="/wiki/Tabor_pipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabor pipe">tabor pipe</a> does not play as an important role as it does in Basque music. Traditionally, Galician music included a type of chanting song known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alalas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alalas (page does not exist)">alalas</a>. Alalas may include instrumental interludes, and were believed to have a very long history, based on legends. </p><p>There are local festivals of which <a href="/wiki/Ortigueira" title="Ortigueira">Ortigueira</a>'s <i>Festival Internacional do Mundo Celta</i> is especially important. Drum and bagpipe couples range among the most beloved kinds of Galician music, that also includes popular bands like <a href="/wiki/Milladoiro" title="Milladoiro">Milladoiro</a>. <i>Pandereteiras</i> are traditional groups of women that play tambourines and sing - bands like <a href="/wiki/Tanxugueiras" title="Tanxugueiras">Tanxugueiras</a> are directly influenced by this tradition. The bagpipe virtuosos <a href="/wiki/Carlos_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Mu%C3%B1oz" title="Carlos Núñez Muñoz">Carlos Núñez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Susana_Seivane" title="Susana Seivane">Susana Seivane</a> are especially popular performers. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a> is also home to popular musicians such as José Ángel <a href="/wiki/Hevia" title="Hevia">Hevia</a> (bagpiper) and the group <a href="/wiki/Llan_de_cubel" class="mw-redirect" title="Llan de cubel">Llan de cubel</a>. Circular dances using a 6/8 tambourine rhythm are a hallmark of this area. Vocal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asturianada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asturianada (page does not exist)">asturianadas</a> show melismatic ornamentations similar to those of other parts of the Iberian Peninsula. There are many festivals, such as "Folixa na Primavera" (April, in <a href="/wiki/Mieres,_Asturias" class="mw-redirect" title="Mieres, Asturias">Mieres</a>), "Intercelticu d'<a href="/wiki/Avil%C3%A9s" title="Avilés">Avilés</a>" (Interceltic festival of <a href="/wiki/Avil%C3%A9s" title="Avilés">Avilés</a>, in July), as well as many "<a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Celtic</a> nights" in Asturias. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Balearic_Islands">Balearic Islands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Balearic Islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Balearic_Islands" title="Music of the Balearic Islands">Music of the Balearic Islands</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a>, <i>Xeremiers</i> or <i>colla de xeremiers</i> are a traditional ensemble that consists of <a href="/wiki/Flabiol" title="Flabiol">flabiol</a> (a five-hole <a href="/wiki/Tabor_pipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabor pipe">tabor pipe</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Xeremia" title="Xeremia">xeremias</a> (bagpipes). <a href="/wiki/Majorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Majorca">Majorca</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Maria_del_Mar_Bonet" title="Maria del Mar Bonet">Maria del Mar Bonet</a> was one of the most influential artists of <a href="/wiki/Nova_can%C3%A7o" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova canço">nova canço</a>, known for her political and social lyrics. <a href="/wiki/Tomeu_Penya" title="Tomeu Penya">Tomeu Penya</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biel_Majoral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biel Majoral (page does not exist)">Biel Majoral</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerebros_Exprimidos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cerebros Exprimidos (page does not exist)">Cerebros Exprimidos</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_Bibiloni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Bibiloni (page does not exist)">Joan Bibiloni</a> are also popular. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basque_Country">Basque Country</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Basque Country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Basque_music" title="Basque music">Basque music</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basque_dancers_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Basque_dancers_01.jpg/220px-Basque_dancers_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Basque_dancers_01.jpg/330px-Basque_dancers_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Basque_dancers_01.jpg/440px-Basque_dancers_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption><i>Ezpatadantza</i> of the Basque Country.</figcaption></figure> <p>The most popular kind of <a href="/wiki/Basque_music" title="Basque music">Basque music</a> is named after the dance <a href="/wiki/Trikitixa" class="mw-redirect" title="Trikitixa">trikitixa</a>, which is based on the <a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">accordion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tambourine" title="Tambourine">tambourine</a>. Popular performers are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseba_Tapia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseba Tapia (page does not exist)">Joseba Tapia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kepa_Junkera" title="Kepa Junkera">Kepa Junkera</a>. Highly appreciated folk instruments are the <a href="/wiki/Txistu" title="Txistu">txistu</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Tabor_pipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabor pipe">tabor pipe</a> similar to Occitanian <a href="/wiki/Pipe_(instrument)" title="Pipe (instrument)">galoubet</a> recorder), <a href="/wiki/Alboka" title="Alboka">alboka</a> (a double <a href="/wiki/Clarinet" title="Clarinet">clarinet</a> played in circular-breathing technique, similar to other Mediterranean instruments like <a href="/wiki/Launeddas" title="Launeddas">launeddas</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Txalaparta" title="Txalaparta">txalaparta</a> (a huge <a href="/wiki/Xylophone" title="Xylophone">xylophone</a>, similar to the Romanian <a href="/wiki/Toac%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Toacă">toacă</a> and played by two performers in a fascinating game-performance). As in many parts of the Iberian peninsula, there are ritual dances with sticks, swords and arches made from vegetation. Other popular dances are the <a href="/wiki/Fandango" title="Fandango">fandango</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jota_(music)" title="Jota (music)">jota</a> and 5/8 <a href="/wiki/Zortziko" title="Zortziko">zortziko</a>. </p><p>Basques on both sides of the Spanish-French border have been known for their singing since the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, and a surge of Basque nationalism at the end of the 19th century led to the establishment of large Basque-language <a href="/wiki/Choirs" class="mw-redirect" title="Choirs">choirs</a> that helped preserve their language and songs. Even during the persecution of the <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> era (1939–1975), when the Basque language was outlawed, traditional songs and dances were defiantly preserved in secret, and they continue to thrive despite the popularity of commercially marketed pop music. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canary_Islands">Canary Islands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Canary Islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Canary_Islands" title="Music of the Canary Islands">Music of the Canary Islands</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>, Isa, a local kind of <a href="/wiki/Jota_(music)" title="Jota (music)">Jota</a>, is now popular, and <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American music">Latin American musical</a> (<a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cuba" title="Music of Cuba">Cuban</a>) influences are quite widespread, especially with the <a href="/wiki/Charango" title="Charango">charango</a> (a kind of guitar). <a href="/wiki/Timple" title="Timple">Timple</a>, a local instrument which resembles <a href="/wiki/Ukulele" title="Ukulele">ukulele</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cavaquinho" title="Cavaquinho">cavaquinho</a>, is commonly seen in plucked-string bands. A popular set on <a href="/wiki/El_Hierro" title="El Hierro">El Hierro</a> island consists of drums and wooden <a href="/wiki/Fife_(musical_instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fife (musical instrument)">fifes</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pito_herre%C3%B1o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pito herreño (page does not exist)">pito herreño</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Tabor_pipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabor pipe">tabor pipe</a> is customary in some ritual dances on the island of <a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Castile,_Madrid_and_León"><span id="Castile.2C_Madrid_and_Le.C3.B3n"></span>Castile, Madrid and León</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Castile, Madrid and León"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Castile,_Madrid_and_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Castile, Madrid and León">Music of Castile, Madrid and León</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanjuansoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Sanjuansoria.jpg/220px-Sanjuansoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Sanjuansoria.jpg/330px-Sanjuansoria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Sanjuansoria.jpg/440px-Sanjuansoria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Children in Castilian folk costume in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Soria" title="Province of Soria">Soria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castile_(historical_region)" title="Castile (historical region)">Castile</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A large inland region, <a href="/wiki/Castile_(historical_region)" title="Castile (historical region)">Castile</a>, Madrid and <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="León (province)">Leon</a> were <a href="/wiki/Celtiberians" title="Celtiberians">Celtiberian</a> country before its annexation and cultural latinization by the Roman Empire but it is extremely doubtful that anything from the musical traditions of the Celtic era have survived. Ever since, the area has been a musical melting pot; including <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Roman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigothic</a>, Jewish, <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Moorish</a>, Italian, French and <a href="/wiki/Roma_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma music">Roma</a> influences, but the longstanding influences from the surrounding regions and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> continue to play an important role. Areas within Castile and León generally tend to have more musical affinity with neighboring regions than with more distant parts of the region. This has given the region diverse musical traditions. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jota_(music)" title="Jota (music)">Jota</a> is popular, but is uniquely slow in Castile and León, unlike its more energetic Aragonese version. Instrumentation also varies much from the one in Aragon. Northern León, that shares a language relationship with a region in northern Portugal and the Spanish regions of Asturias and Galicia, also shares their musical influences. Here, the <a href="/wiki/Gaita_(bagpipe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaita (bagpipe)">gaita</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bagpipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagpipe">bagpipe</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Tabor_pipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabor pipe">tabor pipe</a> playing traditions are prominent. In most of Castile, there is a strong tradition of dance music for <a href="/wiki/Dulzaina" title="Dulzaina">dulzaina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shawm" title="Shawm">shawm</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Rondalla" title="Rondalla">rondalla</a> groups. Popular rhythms include 5/8 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charrada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charrada (page does not exist)">charrada</a> and circle dances, <a href="/wiki/Jota_(music)" title="Jota (music)">jota</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Habas_verdes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Habas verdes (page does not exist)">habas verdes</a>. As in many other parts of the Iberian peninsula, ritual dances include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paloteo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paloteo (page does not exist)">paloteos</a> (stick dances). <a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a> is known as the home of <a href="/wiki/Tuna_(music)" title="Tuna (music)">tuna</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Serenade" title="Serenade">serenade</a> played with guitars and <a href="/wiki/Tambourine" title="Tambourine">tambourines</a>, mostly by students dressed in medieval clothing. <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> is known for its <a href="/wiki/Chotis" class="mw-redirect" title="Chotis">chotis</a> music, a local variation to the 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Schottische" title="Schottische">schottische</a> dance. <a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a>, although not considered native, is popular among some urbanites but is mainly confined to Madrid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catalonia">Catalonia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Catalonia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Catalonia" title="Music of Catalonia">Music of Catalonia</a></div> <p>Though <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a> is best known for <a href="/wiki/Sardana" title="Sardana">sardana</a> music played by a <a href="/wiki/Cobla" title="Cobla">cobla</a>, there are other traditional styles of dance music like <a href="/wiki/Ball_de_bastons" title="Ball de bastons">ball de bastons</a> (stick-dances), <a href="/wiki/Galop" title="Galop">galops</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ball_de_gitanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ball de gitanes (page does not exist)">ball de gitanes</a>. Music is at the forefront in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cercavila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cercavila (page does not exist)">cercaviles</a> and celebrations similar to <a href="/wiki/Patum" class="mw-redirect" title="Patum">Patum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berga" title="Berga">Berga</a>. <a href="/wiki/Flabiol" title="Flabiol">Flabiol</a> (a five-hole <a href="/wiki/Tabor_pipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabor pipe">tabor pipe</a>), <a href="/wiki/Gralla_(instrument)" title="Gralla (instrument)">gralla</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dol%C3%A7aina" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolçaina">dolçaina</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Shawm" title="Shawm">shawm</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Sac_de_gemecs" title="Sac de gemecs">sac de gemecs</a> (a local <a href="/wiki/Bagpipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagpipe">bagpipe</a>) are traditional folk instruments that make part of some <a href="/wiki/Cobla" title="Cobla">coblas</a>. </p><p>Catalan <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">gipsies</a> and Andalusian immigrants to Catalonia created their own style of <a href="/wiki/Flamenco_Rumba" class="mw-redirect" title="Flamenco Rumba">rumba</a> called <i><a href="/wiki/Rumba_catalana" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumba catalana">rumba catalana</a></i> which is a popular style that's similar to flamenco, but not technically part of the flamenco canon. The rumba catalana originated in Barcelona when the rumba and other Afro-Cuban styles arrived from Cuba in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Catalan performers adapted them to the flamenco format and made it their own. Though often dismissed by aficionados as "fake" flamenco, rumba catalana remains wildly popular to this day. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Habanera_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Habanera (music)">havaneres</a> singers remain popular. Nowadays, young people cultivate <a href="/wiki/Rock_catal%C3%A0" title="Rock català">Rock català</a> popular music, as some years ago the <a href="/wiki/Nova_Can%C3%A7%C3%B3" title="Nova Cançó">Nova Cançó</a> was relevant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extremadura">Extremadura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Extremadura"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Extremadura" title="Music of Extremadura">Music of Extremadura</a></div> <p>Having long been the poorest part of Spain, <a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a> is a largely rural region known for the Portuguese influence on its music. As in the northern regions of Spain, there is a rich repertoire for <a href="/wiki/Tabor_pipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabor pipe">tabor pipe</a> music. The <a href="/wiki/Zambomba" class="mw-redirect" title="Zambomba">zambomba</a> friction-drum (similar to Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Sarronca" title="Sarronca">sarronca</a> or Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Cuica" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuica">cuica</a>) is played by pulling on a rope which is inside the drum. It is found throughout Spain. The <a href="/wiki/Jota_(music)" title="Jota (music)">jota</a> is common, here played with <a href="/wiki/Triangle_(musical_instrument)" title="Triangle (musical instrument)">triangles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castanet" class="mw-redirect" title="Castanet">castanets</a>, guitars, <a href="/wiki/Tambourine" title="Tambourine">tambourines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">accordions</a> and zambombas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Murcia">Murcia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Murcia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Murcia" title="Music of Murcia">Music of Murcia</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a> is a region in the south-east of Spain which, historically, experienced considerable Moorish colonisation, is similar in many respects to its neighbour, Andalusia. The guitar-accompanied <a href="/wiki/Cante_jondo" title="Cante jondo">cante jondo</a> <a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a> style is especially associated with Murcia as are <i><a href="/wiki/Rondalla" title="Rondalla">rondallas</a></i>, plucked-string bands. Christian songs, such as the polyphonic chant of the <i>Auroro</i> singers, are traditionally sung <a href="/wiki/A_cappella" title="A cappella">a cappella</a>, sometimes accompanied by the sound of <a href="/wiki/Church_bells" class="mw-redirect" title="Church bells">church bells</a>, and cuadrillas are festive songs primarily played during holidays, like Christmas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Navarre_and_La_Rioja">Navarre and La Rioja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Navarre and La Rioja"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ioaldunak_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ioaldunak_001.jpg/220px-Ioaldunak_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ioaldunak_001.jpg/330px-Ioaldunak_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ioaldunak_001.jpg/440px-Ioaldunak_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><i>Ioaldunak</i> dancers of Navarre.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Rioja_(autonomous_community)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Rioja (autonomous community)">La Rioja</a> are small northern regions with diverse cultural elements. Bordered by Aragon and the Basque Autonomous Community, they also share much of the music found in those two regions. Northern Navarre is <a href="/wiki/Basque_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque people">Basque</a> in language, while the Southern section shares more <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragonese</a> features. The <a href="/wiki/Jota_(music)" title="Jota (music)">jota</a> genre is also known in both Navarre and La Rioja. Both regions have rich dance and <a href="/wiki/Dulzaina" title="Dulzaina">dulzaina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shawm" title="Shawm">shawm</a>) traditions. <a href="/wiki/Txistu" title="Txistu">Txistu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tabor_pipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabor pipe">tabor pipe</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Dulzaina" title="Dulzaina">dulzaina</a> ensembles are very popular in the public celebrations of Navarre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Valencia">Valencia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Valencia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Valencia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Valencia">Music of Valencia</a></div> <p>Traditional music from <a href="/wiki/Valencia_(autonomous_community)" class="mw-redirect" title="Valencia (autonomous community)">Valencia</a> is characteristically Mediterranean in origin. Valencia also has its local kind of <a href="/wiki/Jota_(music)" title="Jota (music)">Jota</a>. Moreover, Valencia has a high reputation for musical innovation, and performing <a href="/wiki/Brass_band" title="Brass band">brass bands</a> called <i>bandes</i> are common, with one appearing in almost every town. Dolçaina (<a href="/wiki/Shawm" title="Shawm">shawm</a>) is widely found. Valencia also shares some traditional dances with other Iberian areas, like for instance, the ball de bastons (stick-dances). The group <a href="/wiki/Al_Tall_(band)" title="Al Tall (band)">Al Tall</a> is also well-known, experimenting with the Berber band <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muluk_El_Hwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muluk El Hwa (page does not exist)">Muluk El Hwa</a>, and revitalizing traditional Valencian music, following the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Riproposta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riproposta (page does not exist)">Riproposta</a> Italian musical movement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2013/4/julio-iglesias-receives-world-record-certificate-in-beijing-47865/">"Julio Iglesias receives world record certificate in Beijing"</a>. Guinness World Record. 2 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Julio+Iglesias+receives+world+record+certificate+in+Beijing&rft.pub=Guinness+World+Record&rft.date=2013-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guinnessworldrecords.com%2Fnews%2F2013%2F4%2Fjulio-iglesias-receives-world-record-certificate-in-beijing-47865%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLlewellyn1999" class="citation magazine cs1">Llewellyn, Howell (26 June 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CQ0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=RA1-PA60">"The Billboard Interview: Teddy Bautista"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>. Vol. 111, no. 26. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=The+Billboard+Interview%3A+Teddy+Bautista&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=26&rft.pages=60&rft.date=1999-06-26&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft.aulast=Llewellyn&rft.aufirst=Howell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCQ0EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLlewellyn2000" class="citation magazine cs1">Llewellyn, Howell (11 November 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5RAEAAAAMBAJ&q=intitle%3Abillboard%20latin%20%20&pg=PA78">"The Spanish Market Looks To Export Artists"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=The+Spanish+Market+Looks+To+Export+Artists&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=46&rft.pages=78&rft.date=2000-11-11&rft.aulast=Llewellyn&rft.aufirst=Howell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5RAEAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dintitle%253Abillboard%2520latin%2520%2520%26pg%3DPA78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFloresRosaldo2009" class="citation book cs1">Flores, Juan; Rosaldo, Renato (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i3a1qVqHoJAC&q=latin%20music%20spanish%20portuguese&pg=PA50"><i>A Companion to Latina/o Studies</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470766026" title="Special:BookSources/9780470766026"><bdi>9780470766026</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Latina%2Fo+Studies&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780470766026&rft.aulast=Flores&rft.aufirst=Juan&rft.au=Rosaldo%2C+Renato&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di3a1qVqHoJAC%26q%3Dlatin%2520music%2520spanish%2520portuguese%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLlewellyn1995" class="citation magazine cs1">Llewellyn, Howell (25 November 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pw0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA72">"ShowMarket To Focus On Development of Latin Music"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=ShowMarket+To+Focus+On+Development+of+Latin+Music&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=47&rft.pages=72&rft.date=1995-11-25&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft.aulast=Llewellyn&rft.aufirst=Howell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPw0EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fwgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA91">"Billboard Spotlights Spain & Portugal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>. Vol. 111, no. 47. Nielsen N.V. 20 November 1999. p. 91. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Billboard+Spotlights+Spain+%26+Portugal&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=47&rft.pages=91&rft.date=1999-11-20&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfwgEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarza2002" class="citation news cs1">Garza, Agustin (18 May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-may-18-et-gurza18-story.html">"Latin Grammys Struggle With Loss of Momentum"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Latin+Grammys+Struggle+With+Loss+of+Momentum&rft.date=2002-05-18&rft.aulast=Garza&rft.aufirst=Agustin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2002-may-18-et-gurza18-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Fairley, Jan "A Wild, Savage Feeling". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), <i>World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East</i>, pp 279–291. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85828-636-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85828-636-0">1-85828-636-0</a></li> <li>Fairley, Jan with Manuel Domínguez. "A Tale of Celts and Islanders". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), <i>World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East</i>, pp 292–297. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85828-636-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85828-636-0">1-85828-636-0</a></li> <li><i>Alan Lomax: Mirades Miradas Glances</i>. Photos and CD by Alan Lomax, ed. by Antoni Pizà (Barcelona: Lunwerg / Fundacio Sa Nostra, 2006) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-9785-271-0" title="Special:BookSources/84-9785-271-0">84-9785-271-0</a></li> <li><i>Historia de la Música en España e Hispanoamérica</i>. ed. by Maricarmen Gómez, Alvaro Torrente, Máximo Leza, Consuelo Carredano, Alberto González, Victoria Eli (Madrid-México DF, 2009–2017) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-375-0637-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-375-0637-1">978-84-375-0637-1</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Spain&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-ge.ch/meg/musinfo_ph.php?what=pays=Espagne&debut=0&bool=AND">Audio clips: Traditional music of Spain.</a> <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27ethnographie_de_Gen%C3%A8ve" title="Musée d'ethnographie de Genève">Musée d'ethnographie de Genève</a>. Retrieved 25 November 2010.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041206034039/http://www.interacesso.pt/web/wencesmc/">MIDI samples of traditional music from the Iberian peninsula</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geocities.ws/iberiamidi">Extended version</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alejandrosanz4englishspeakers.com">AlejandroSanz4EnglishSpeakers</a> A collection of translated songs from one of Spain's most famous singers.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071028105432/http://www.bsmny.org/features/pianoproject08/index.php">Bloomingdale School of Music Piano Project: Sonidos de Espana/Music of Spain</a> – extensive monthly features on the history of Spanish music.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vistawide.com/spanish/spanish_music.htm">Spanish language music</a> Traditional and contemporary Spanish-language music, with genre descriptions, representative artists, CDs & audio samples.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.havanatimes.org/?p=20846">Spanish Folk Music in Havana (Photo Album)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicadehispania.net">Encyclopedia of Spanish Music (16th to 19th centuries)</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Conga.svg/15px-Conga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Conga.svg/22px-Conga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Conga.svg/29px-Conga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="990" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latin_music" title="Portal:Latin music">Latin music</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audio_a.svg/21px-Audio_a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audio_a.svg/32px-Audio_a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audio_a.svg/42px-Audio_a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Classical_music" title="Portal:Classical music">Classical music</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/21px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/32px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/42px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Music of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolero_(Spanish_dance)" title="Bolero (Spanish dance)">Bolero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_rumba" title="Catalan rumba">Catalan rumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirigota" title="Chirigota">Chirigota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copla_(music)" title="Copla (music)">Copla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupl%C3%A9" title="Cuplé">Cuplé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endecha" title="Endecha">Endecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensalada_(music)" title="Ensalada (music)">Ensalada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandango" title="Fandango">Fandango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folia" title="Folia">Folia</a></li> <li>Isa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1cara" title="Jácara">Jácara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jota_(music)" title="Jota (music)">Jota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mui%C3%B1eira" title="Muiñeira">Muiñeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_flamenco" title="New flamenco">New flamenco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Can%C3%A7%C3%B3" title="Nova Cançó">Nova Cançó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passacaglia" title="Passacaglia">Pasacalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasodoble" title="Pasodoble">Pasodoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_catal%C3%A0" title="Rock català">Rock català</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_urbano" title="Rock urbano">Rock urbano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seguidilla" title="Seguidilla">Seguidilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevillanas" title="Sevillanas">Sevillana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajaraste" title="Tajaraste">Tajaraste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiento" title="Tiento">Tiento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonadilla" title="Tonadilla">Tonadilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tono_humano" title="Tono humano">Tono humano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico">Villancico</a></li> <li>Xiringüelu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela">Zarzuela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nero_chico" title="Género chico">Género chico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_music" title="Romani music">Romani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Palo_(flamenco)" title="Palo (flamenco)">palos</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alegr%C3%ADas" title="Alegrías">Alegrías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albore%C3%A1" title="Alboreá">Alboreá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambera" title="Bambera">Bambera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buler%C3%ADas" title="Bulerías">Bulerías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cante_flamenco" title="Cante flamenco">Cante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cante_jondo" title="Cante jondo">Cante jondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantes_a_palo_seco" title="Cantes a palo seco">Cantes a palo seco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantes_libres" title="Cantes libres">Cantes libres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canti%C3%B1as" title="Cantiñas">Cantiñas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campanilleros" title="Campanilleros">Campanilleros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartageneras" title="Cartageneras">Cartageneras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farruca" title="Farruca">Farruca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrot%C3%ADn" title="Garrotín">Garrotín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grana%C3%ADna" title="Granaína">Granaína</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guajiras_(Flamenco)" title="Guajiras (Flamenco)">Guajiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malague%C3%B1as_(flamenco_style)" title="Malagueñas (flamenco style)">Malagueñas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinetes" title="Martinetes">Martinetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peteneras" title="Peteneras">Peteneras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_(flamenco_palo)" title="Polo (flamenco palo)">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumba_flamenca" title="Rumba flamenca">Rumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeta_(flamenco)" title="Saeta (flamenco)">Saeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siguiriyas" title="Siguiriyas">Siguiriyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole%C3%A1" title="Soleá">Soleá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole%C3%A1_por_Buler%C3%ADas" class="mw-redirect" title="Soleá por Bulerías">Soleá por Bulerías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tango_(flamenco)" title="Tango (flamenco)">Tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarantas" title="Tarantas">Tarantas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tientos_(Flamenco)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tientos (Flamenco)">Tientos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ton%C3%A1s" title="Tonás">Tonás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdiales" title="Verdiales">Verdiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambra" title="Zambra">Zambra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_music#Spain" title="Romani music">Romani (Gypsy)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_(c.1845),_Martin_Style_3-17_(1859)_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg/100px-C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg/150px-C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg/200px-C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music by region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Andalusia" title="Music of Andalusia">Andalusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Aragon" title="Music of Aragon">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Balearic_Islands" title="Music of the Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_music" title="Basque music">Basque Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Canary_Islands" title="Music of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Castile_and_Leon" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Castile and Leon">Castile and Leon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Catalonia" title="Music of Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Extremadura" title="Music of Extremadura">Extremadura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_music_of_Galicia,_Cantabria_and_Asturias" title="Traditional music of Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias">Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Murcia" title="Music of Murcia">Murcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Navarre_and_La_Rioja" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Navarre and La Rioja">Navarre and La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Valencia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Valencia">Valencia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music by genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish folk music">Spanish folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_jazz" title="Spanish jazz">Spanish jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish hip hop">Spanish hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_opera" title="Spanish opera">Spanish opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish rock">Spanish rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benidorm_International_Song_Festival" title="Benidorm International Song Festival">Benidorm International Song Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benidorm_Fest" title="Benidorm Fest">Benidorm Fest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Internacional_de_Santander" title="Festival Internacional de Santander">Festival Internacional de Santander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_OTI_Festival" title="Spain in the OTI Festival">OTI Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboka" title="Alboka">Alboka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandurria" title="Bandurria">Bandurria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castanets" title="Castanets">Castanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_shawm" title="Catalan shawm">Catalan shawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A1caras" title="Chácaras">Chácaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-strung_harp" title="Cross-strung harp">Cross-strung harp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulzaina" title="Dulzaina">Dulzaina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscorn" title="Fiscorn">Fiscorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flabiol" title="Flabiol">Flabiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_gastore%C3%B1a" title="Gaita gastoreña">Gaita gastoreña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gralla_(instrument)" title="Gralla (instrument)">Gralla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarra_de_canya" title="Guitarra de canya">Guitarra de canya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarro_(instrument)" title="Guitarro (instrument)">Guitarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirikoketa" title="Kirikoketa">Kirikoketa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmas_(music)" title="Palmas (music)">Palmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalterium_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Psalterium (instrument)">Psalterium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabel_(instrument)" title="Rabel (instrument)">Rabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambori" title="Tambori">Tambori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timple" title="Timple">Timple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trikiti" title="Trikiti">Trikiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Txalaparta" title="Txalaparta">Txalaparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Txistu" title="Txistu">Txistu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vihuela" title="Vihuela">Vihuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viol" title="Viol">Viol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xirula" title="Xirula">Xirula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friction_drum" title="Friction drum">Zambomba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_bagpipes#Spain_and_Portugal" title="List of bagpipes">Gaita</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_asturiana" title="Gaita asturiana">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_de_boto" title="Gaita de boto">de boto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_cabreiresa" title="Gaita cabreiresa">Cabreiresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_gaita" title="Galician gaita">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odrecillo" title="Odrecillo">Odrecillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_de_saco" title="Gaita de saco">de saco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_sanabresa" title="Gaita sanabresa">Sanabresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sac_de_gemecs" title="Sac de gemecs">Sac de gemecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeremia" title="Xeremia">Xeremia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guitar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_guitar" title="Baroque guitar">Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_guitar" title="Classical guitar">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_guitar" title="Flamenco guitar">Flamenco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarra_latina" title="Guitarra latina">Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarra_morisca" title="Guitarra morisca">Morisca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music ensembles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cobla" title="Cobla">Cobla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charanga_(Spain)" title="Charanga (Spain)">Charanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirigota" title="Chirigota">Chirigota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparsa" title="Comparsa">Comparsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondalla" title="Rondalla">Rondalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna_(music)" title="Tuna (music)">Tuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spain_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spain_topics" title="Template:Spain topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spain_topics" title="Template talk:Spain topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spain_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spain topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spain_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Spain" title="Outline of Spain">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain" title="History of Spain">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Spanish_history" title="Timeline of Spanish history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Iberia" title="Prehistoric Iberia">Prehistoric Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hispania" title="Timeline of Hispania">Ancient History Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Roman Hispania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Spain in the Middle Ages">Medieval Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs_of_Spain" title="Catholic Monarchs of Spain">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Spain" title="Enlightenment in Spain">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1808%E2%80%931874)" title="History of Spain (1808–1874)">Reaction and revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Spanish_Republic" title="First Spanish Republic">First Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Spain)" title="Restoration (Spain)">Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Spain under Franco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Transition to democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_history_of_Spain" title="Contemporary history of Spain">Contemporary Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1975%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Spain (1975–present)">1975–present</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Spain" title="Outline of Spain">General overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Pre-Roman_peoples_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="List of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula">Pre-Roman Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Age" title="Spanish Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Spain" title="Economic history of Spain">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Spain" title="Military history of Spain">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_miracle" title="Spanish miracle">Spanish miracle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Spain" title="Geography of Spain">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain#Autonomous_cities" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous communities</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ranked_lists_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities" title="Ranked lists of Spanish autonomous communities">ranked lists</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Network_of_Biosphere_Reserves_in_Europe_and_North_America" title="World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America">Biosphere Reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Spain" title="Template:Borders of Spain">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Spain" title="Climate of Spain">Climate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comarcas_of_Spain" title="Comarcas of Spain">Comarcas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Spain" title="List of earthquakes in Spain">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Spain" title="List of extreme points of Spain">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Forests of the Iberian Peninsula">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Spain" title="Peninsular Spain">Peninsular Spain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Spain" title="List of islands of Spain">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Spain" title="List of municipalities of Spain">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Spain" title="List of national parks of Spain">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Community_Importance_in_Spain" title="List of Sites of Community Importance in Spain">Natural Sites of Community Importance</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Spain" title="Wildlife of Spain">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Spain" title="Politics of Spain">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous communities of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Spain" title="Constitution of Spain">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Spain" title="Corruption in Spain">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Head of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Spain" title="Constitutional Court of Spain">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes Generales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Spain" title="Judiciary of Spain">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Spain" title="Elections in Spain">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Spain" title="Foreign relations of Spain">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Spain" title="Human rights in Spain">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Spain">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Spain" title="Intersex rights in Spain">Intersex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Spain" title="List of political parties in Spain">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Spain" title="List of wars involving Spain">Wars and armed conflicts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Spain" title="Economy of Spain">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Spain" title="Agriculture in Spain">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Spain" title="List of banks in Spain">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Spain" title="Automotive industry in Spain">Car industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Communities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_gross_domestic_product" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by gross domestic product">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_unemployment_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by unemployment rate">unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_median_income" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by median income">median income</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Spain" title="Economic history of Spain">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Spain" title="Energy in Spain">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932014_Spanish_financial_crisis" title="2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis">Financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Spain" title="Forestry in Spain">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_Spanish_companies" title="List of largest Spanish companies">Largest companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Spain" title="Taxation in Spain">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_property_bubble" title="Spanish property bubble">Property bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Spain" title="Science and technology in Spain">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Spain" title="Telecommunications in Spain">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Spain" title="Tourism in Spain">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Spain" title="List of trade unions in Spain">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Spain" title="Transport in Spain">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_wine" title="Spanish wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Spain" title="Category:Society of Spain">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Spain" title="Abortion in Spain">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Spain" title="Crime in Spain">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Spain" title="Demographics of Spain">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_in_Spain" title="Disability in Spain">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Spain" title="Education in Spain">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_Spain" title="Euthanasia in Spain">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Spain" title="Health care in Spain">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Spain" title="Homelessness in Spain">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Spain" title="Immigration to Spain">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Spain" title="Irreligion in Spain">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Spain" title="Languages of Spain">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_provinces_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Spanish provinces by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturism in Spain">Naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_Spain" title="Pensions in Spain">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Spain" title="Prostitution in Spain">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Spain" title="Religion in Spain">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Spain" title="Time in Spain">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Spain" title="Women in Spain">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Spain" title="Culture of Spain">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_architecture" title="Spanish architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_art" title="Spanish art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullfighting" title="Bullfighting">Bullfighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Spain" title="Cinema of Spain">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li>Fiestas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiestas_of_National_Tourist_Interest_of_Spain" title="Fiestas of National Tourist Interest of Spain">National Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiestas_of_International_Tourist_Interest_of_Spain" title="Fiestas of International Tourist Interest of Spain">International Interest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Spain" title="Languages of Spain">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_literature" title="Spanish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Spain" title="Mass media in Spain">Mass media</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_mythology" title="Spanish mythology">Myths and legends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_and_regional_identity_in_Spain" title="National and regional identity in Spain">National and regional identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Spain" title="National Day of Spain">National Day of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Spain" title="Public holidays in Spain">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Spain" title="Sport in Spain">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Spain" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Spain">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Spain" title="National symbols of Spain">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Spain" title="Coat of arms of Spain">Coat of arms</a></li> <li>Cultural icons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Spain" title="Flag of Spain">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osborne_bull" title="Osborne bull"><i>Toro de Osborne</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Spain" title="Outline of Spain">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Spain" title="Outline of Spain">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spain" title="Category:Spain">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_of_Europe_by_country" title="Template:Music of Europe by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_of_Europe_by_country" title="Template talk:Music of Europe by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_of_Europe_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music of Europe by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Europe">Music of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Albania" title="Music of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Andorra" title="Music of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Armenia" title="Music of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Austria" title="Music of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Azerbaijan" title="Music of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Belarus" title="Music of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Belgium" title="Music of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Music of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bulgaria" title="Music of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia" title="Music of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cyprus" title="Music of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Music of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Denmark" title="Music of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Estonia" title="Music of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Finland" title="Music of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_France" title="Music of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Music of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany" title="Music of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Greece" title="Music of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hungary" title="Music of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iceland" title="Music of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Italy" title="Music of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kazakhstan" title="Music of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Latvia" title="Music of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Liechtenstein" title="Music of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lithuania" title="Music of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Luxembourg" title="Music of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malta" title="Music of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Moldova" title="Music of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Monaco" title="Music of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Netherlands" title="Music of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia" title="Music of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Norway" title="Music of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Poland" title="Music of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Portugal" title="Music of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Romania" title="Music of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Russia" title="Music of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_San_Marino" title="Music of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Serbia" title="Music of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovakia" title="Music of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovenia" title="Music of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sweden" title="Music of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Switzerland" title="Music of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Turkey" title="Music of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ukraine" title="Music of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Music of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vatican_City" title="Music of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kosovo" title="Music of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Music of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Gibraltar" title="Music of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Music of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hispanophone_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hispanophone_music" title="Template:Hispanophone music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hispanophone_music" title="Template talk:Hispanophone music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hispanophone_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hispanophone music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hispanophone_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Hispanophone music</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Argentina" title="Music of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bolivia" title="Music of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chile" title="Music of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Colombia" title="Music of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Costa_Rica" title="Music of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cuba" title="Music of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Music of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ecuador" title="Music of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_El_Salvador" title="Music of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Music of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guatemala" title="Music of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Honduras" title="Music of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mexico" title="Music of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nicaragua" title="Music of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Panama" title="Music of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Paraguay" title="Music of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Peru" title="Music of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines" title="Music of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Music of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Uruguay" title="Music of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Venezuela" title="Music of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Western_Sahara" title="Music of Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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