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</li> <li id="toc-Motto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Motto </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_periods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_periods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Early periods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_periods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Middle Ages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Early modern period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Late modern history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Recent developments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Location </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Government </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Municipal_government_and_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipal_government_and_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Municipal government and administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipal_government_and_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_and_provincial_capital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_and_provincial_capital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Regional and provincial capital </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_and_provincial_capital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Districts_and_neighbourhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts_and_neighbourhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Districts and neighbourhoods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts_and_neighbourhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Main sights </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Main sights subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Churches </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palaces_and_mansions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palaces_and_mansions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Palaces and mansions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palaces_and_mansions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fortifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fortifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Fortifications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fortifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civic_buildings_and_other_monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civic_buildings_and_other_monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Civic buildings and other monuments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civic_buildings_and_other_monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parque_de_María_Luisa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parque_de_María_Luisa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Parque de María Luisa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parque_de_María_Luisa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Museums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_parks_and_gardens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_parks_and_gardens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 Other parks and gardens </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_parks_and_gardens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theatres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Theatres </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Festivals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Holy_Week_in_Seville" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holy_Week_in_Seville"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1 Holy Week in Seville </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holy_Week_in_Seville-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bienal_de_Flamenco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bienal_de_Flamenco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.2 Bienal de Flamenco </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bienal_de_Flamenco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Velá_de_Santiago_y_Santa_Ana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Velá_de_Santiago_y_Santa_Ana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.3 Velá de Santiago y Santa Ana </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Velá_de_Santiago_y_Santa_Ana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feria_de_Abril" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feria_de_Abril"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.4 Feria de Abril </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feria_de_Abril-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salón_Náutico_Internacional_de_Sevilla" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salón_Náutico_Internacional_de_Sevilla"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.5 Salón Náutico Internacional de Sevilla </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salón_Náutico_Internacional_de_Sevilla-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flamenco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flamenco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.1 Flamenco </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flamenco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gastronomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gastronomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Gastronomy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gastronomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Infrastructure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_and_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_and_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Research and development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Transport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Bus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Metro </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tram" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tram"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Tram </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tram-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Train" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Train"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Train </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Train-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bicycle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bicycle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Bicycle </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bicycle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.6 Airport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Port" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Port"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.7 Port </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Port-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.8 Roads </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transportation_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transportation_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.9 Public transportation statistics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transportation_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 In fiction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_travel_writing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_travel_writing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 In travel writing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_travel_writing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Twin towns – sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Titles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Notable people </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notable people subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.1 Historical </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th-century_artists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th-century_artists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.2 20th-century artists </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th-century_artists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.3 Models </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.4 Singers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Athletes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athletes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.5 Athletes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Athletes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.6 Other notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Seville</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 152 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-152" aria-hidden="true" > 152 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D" title="Севиджэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Севиджэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B0%E1%89%AA%E1%8B%AB" title="ሰቪያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሰቪያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispalis" title="Hispalis – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hispalis" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="إشبيلية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إشبيلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilya" title="Sevilya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sevilya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7_(%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1)" title="سویا (شهر) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سویا (شهر)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seville" title="Seville – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Seville" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2" title="সেভিল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সেভিল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seville" title="Seville – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Seville" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Севилья – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Севилья" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Севілья – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Севілья" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Сэвільля – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сэвільля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Севиля – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Севиля" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Севилья – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Севилья" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seville" title="Seville – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Seville" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سيڤييا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="سيڤييا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Σεβίλλη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σεβίλλη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Севилья ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Севилья ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilo" title="Sevilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sevilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84" title="سویل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سویل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ville" title="Séville – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Séville" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilie" title="Sivilie – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Sivilie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84" title="سویل – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="سویل" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EB%B9%84%EC%95%BC" title="세비야 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세비야" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D6%87%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1" title="Սևիլյա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սևիլյա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Севилья – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Севилья" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siviglia" title="Siviglia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Siviglia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="סביליה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סביליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seville" title="Seville – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Seville" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სევილია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სევილია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Севилья – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Севилья" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Севилья – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Севилья" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seviya" title="Seviya – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Seviya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispalis" title="Hispalis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hispalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilja" title="Sevilja – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sevilja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilija" title="Sevilija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sevilija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seviggia" title="Seviggia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Seviggia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seville" title="Seville – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Seville" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevija" title="Sevija – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sevija" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%B0" title="Севиља – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Севиља" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevila" title="Sevila – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sevila" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="സെവിയ്യ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സെവിയ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivilja" title="Sivilja – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Sivilja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seville" title="Seville – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Seville" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सेबिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सेबिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სევილია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სევილია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سيبييا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سيبييا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seville" title="Seville – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Seville" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebilha" title="Sebilha – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Sebilha" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Сэвилья – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Сэвилья" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Севилья – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Севилья" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla_(stad)" title="Sevilla (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sevilla (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%93%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2" title="セビリア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セビリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Севилья – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Севилья" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilha" title="Sevilha – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sevilha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਇਸ਼ਬੀਲੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਸ਼ਬੀਲੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81" title="اشبیلیہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اشبیلیہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewilla" title="Sewilla – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sewilla" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilha" title="Sevilha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sevilha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Севилья – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Севилья" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Севилья – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Севилья" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2" title="सेवील्ल – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सेवील्ल" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seville" title="Seville – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Seville" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilja" title="Sevilja – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sevilja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivigghia" title="Sivigghia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sivigghia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seville" title="Seville – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Seville" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilja" title="Sevilja – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sevilja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8E%DA%A4%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سێڤیلیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سێڤیلیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%B0" title="Севиља – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Севиља" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla,_Espanya" title="Sevilla, Espanya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sevilla, Espanya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="செவீயா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செவீயா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Севилья – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Севилья" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="เซบิยา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซบิยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8F" title="Севийя – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Севийя" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Севілья – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Севілья" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81" title="اشبیلیہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اشبیلیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9w%C3%A9liye" title="Séwéliye – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Séwéliye" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibilia" title="Sibilia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sibilia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevil%27j" title="Sevil'j – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Sevil'j" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevile" title="Sevile – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Sevile" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%BB%B4%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="塞维利亚 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="塞维利亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%90" title="סעווילא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סעווילא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seville" title="Seville – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Seville" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE" title="西維爾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西維爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilya" title="Sevilya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sevilya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sev%C4%97l%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Sevėlėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Sevėlėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%BB%B4%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="塞维利亚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="塞维利亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Sevilla" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevilij%C9%99" title="Sevilijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Sevilijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8717#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Seville&params=37_23_24_N_5_59_24_W_region:ES_scale:25000_type:city(684234)">37°23′24″N 5°59′24″W / 37.39000°N 5.99000°W / 37.39000; -5.99000</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital and largest city of Andalusia and the province of Seville in Spain</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Seville_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Seville (disambiguation)">Seville (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Sevilla" redirects here. For the association football club, see <a href="/wiki/Sevilla_FC" title="Sevilla FC">Sevilla FC</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Municipality in Andalusia, Spain</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow 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.ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Seville</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="es">Sevilla</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities in Spain">Municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:199px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Sevilla_Cathedral_-_Southeast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Sevilla_Cathedral_-_Southeast.jpg/268px-Sevilla_Cathedral_-_Southeast.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Sevilla_Cathedral_-_Southeast.jpg/402px-Sevilla_Cathedral_-_Southeast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Sevilla_Cathedral_-_Southeast.jpg/536px-Sevilla_Cathedral_-_Southeast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3900" data-file-height="2908" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Sevilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Sevilla">Cathedral of Saint Mary of the See</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:160px;max-width:160px"><div style="height:105px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_Tower_Guadalquivir_Seville_Tower_Arabic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Gold_Tower_Guadalquivir_Seville_Tower_Arabic.jpg/158px-Gold_Tower_Guadalquivir_Seville_Tower_Arabic.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Gold_Tower_Guadalquivir_Seville_Tower_Arabic.jpg/237px-Gold_Tower_Guadalquivir_Seville_Tower_Arabic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Gold_Tower_Guadalquivir_Seville_Tower_Arabic.jpg/316px-Gold_Tower_Guadalquivir_Seville_Tower_Arabic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Torre_del_Oro" title="Torre del Oro">Torre del Oro</a> and River <a href="/wiki/Guadalquivir" title="Guadalquivir">Guadalquivir</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:108px;max-width:108px"><div style="height:105px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Patio_de_las_doncellas_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Patio_de_las_doncellas_edited.jpg/106px-Patio_de_las_doncellas_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Patio_de_las_doncellas_edited.jpg/159px-Patio_de_las_doncellas_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Patio_de_las_doncellas_edited.jpg/212px-Patio_de_las_doncellas_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2258" data-file-height="2258" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar_of_Seville" title="Alcázar of Seville">Alcázar</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:95px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Monumental_Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a_de_Sevilla_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Monumental_Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a_de_Sevilla_retouched.jpg/268px-Monumental_Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a_de_Sevilla_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Monumental_Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a_de_Sevilla_retouched.jpg/402px-Monumental_Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a_de_Sevilla_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Monumental_Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a_de_Sevilla_retouched.jpg/536px-Monumental_Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a_de_Sevilla_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2734" data-file-height="974" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a,_Seville" title="Plaza de España, Seville">Plaza de España</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Metropol_Parasol_de_la_Encarnaci%C3%B3n_-_Sevilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Metropol_Parasol_de_la_Encarnaci%C3%B3n_-_Sevilla.jpg/134px-Metropol_Parasol_de_la_Encarnaci%C3%B3n_-_Sevilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Metropol_Parasol_de_la_Encarnaci%C3%B3n_-_Sevilla.jpg/201px-Metropol_Parasol_de_la_Encarnaci%C3%B3n_-_Sevilla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Metropol_Parasol_de_la_Encarnaci%C3%B3n_-_Sevilla.jpg/268px-Metropol_Parasol_de_la_Encarnaci%C3%B3n_-_Sevilla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4068" data-file-height="2638" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Metropol_Parasol" title="Metropol Parasol">Metropol Parasol</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Puente_de_Triana_iluminado.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Puente_de_Triana_iluminado.JPG/130px-Puente_de_Triana_iluminado.JPG" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Puente_de_Triana_iluminado.JPG/195px-Puente_de_Triana_iluminado.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Puente_de_Triana_iluminado.JPG/260px-Puente_de_Triana_iluminado.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Triana_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Triana Bridge">Triana Bridge</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sevilla,_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Seville"><img alt="Flag of Seville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Sevilla%2C_Spain.svg/120px-Flag_of_Sevilla%2C_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Sevilla%2C_Spain.svg/180px-Flag_of_Sevilla%2C_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Sevilla%2C_Spain.svg/240px-Flag_of_Sevilla%2C_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_Sevilla_(Sevilla).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Seville"><img alt="Coat of arms of Seville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Escudo_de_Sevilla_%28Sevilla%29.svg/90px-Escudo_de_Sevilla_%28Sevilla%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Escudo_de_Sevilla_%28Sevilla%29.svg/135px-Escudo_de_Sevilla_%28Sevilla%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Escudo_de_Sevilla_%28Sevilla%29.svg/180px-Escudo_de_Sevilla_%28Sevilla%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="685" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/NO8DO" class="mw-redirect" title="NO8DO">NO8DO</a> ([Ella] No me ha dejado – [She] has not abandoned me)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 285px; height: 180px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="285" data-height="180" data-zoom="4" data-lat="39.5" data-lon="-3.7" data-overlays="["_c281b4544f5fe07280ce17d8366be892ab54dac8"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/4/39.5/-3.7/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,39.5,-3.7,285x180.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Seville&revid=1259044093&groups=_c281b4544f5fe07280ce17d8366be892ab54dac8" width="285" height="180" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,39.5,-3.7,285x180@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Seville&revid=1259044093&groups=_c281b4544f5fe07280ce17d8366be892ab54dac8 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Seville</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Seville&params=37_23_24_N_5_59_24_W_region:ES_scale:25000_type:city(684234)">37°23′24″N 5°59′24″W / 37.39000°N 5.99000°W / 37.39000; -5.99000</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous Community">Autonomous Community</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Seville_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seville (province)">Seville</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ayuntamiento_(Spain)" title="Ayuntamiento (Spain)">Ayuntamiento</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/City_Council_of_Seville" title="City Council of Seville">Ayuntamiento de Sevilla</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Sanz" title="José Luis Sanz">José Luis Sanz</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">PP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities in Spain">Municipality</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">140 km2 (50 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">7 m (23 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2021)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities in Spain">Municipality</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">684,234</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">4th</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,900/km2 (13,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,100,000<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,519,639</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sevillan, Sevillian sevillano (m.), sevillana (f.) hispalense</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro</th><td class="infobox-data">€36.785 billion (2020)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postcode</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">41001–41020, 41070–41071, 41080, 41092</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sevilla.org">www.sevilla.org</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Seville (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/səˈvɪl/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">sə-VIL</a>; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: Sevilla, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[seˈβiʎa]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b9\/Pronunciation_of_Seville_in_Spanish.ogg\/Pronunciation_of_Seville_in_Spanish.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pronunciation of Seville in Spanish.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/Pronunciation_of_Seville_in_Spanish.ogg/Pronunciation_of_Seville_in_Spanish.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Pronunciation_of_Seville_in_Spanish.ogg" title="File:Pronunciation of Seville in Spanish.ogg">ⓘ</a>) is the capital and largest city of the <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous community</a> of <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Seville" title="Province of Seville">province of Seville</a>. It is situated on the lower reaches of the <a href="/wiki/Guadalquivir" title="Guadalquivir">River Guadalquivir</a>, in the southwest of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>. Seville has a municipal population of about 701,000 as of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit">[update]</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Spain" title="List of metropolitan areas in Spain">metropolitan</a> population of about 1.5 million, making it the largest city in Andalusia, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Spain" title="List of metropolitan areas in Spain">fourth-largest city in Spain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Largest_cities_of_the_European_Union_by_population_within_city_limits" class="mw-redirect" title="Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits">25th most populous municipality</a> in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. Its <a href="/wiki/Old_town" title="Old town">old town</a>, with an area of 4 square kilometres (2 sq mi), contains a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> comprising three buildings: the <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar_of_Seville" title="Alcázar of Seville">Alcázar palace complex</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Seville_Cathedral" title="Seville Cathedral">Cathedral</a> and the <a href="/wiki/General_Archive_of_the_Indies" title="General Archive of the Indies">General Archive of the Indies</a>. The Seville harbour, located about 80 kilometres (50 miles) from the Atlantic Ocean, is the only river port in Spain.<a href="#cite_note-ESA2020-3">[3]</a> The capital of Andalusia features hot temperatures in the summer, with daily maximums routinely above 35 °C (95 °F) in July and August. Seville was founded as the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> city of Hispalis. Known as Ishbiliyah after the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_conquest_of_Hispania" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad conquest of Hispania">Islamic conquest</a> in 711, Seville became the centre of the independent <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Seville" title="Taifa of Seville">Taifa of Seville</a> following the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Caliphate of Córdoba</a> in the early 11th century; later it was ruled by <a href="/wiki/Almoravids" class="mw-redirect" title="Almoravids">Almoravids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Almohad_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Almohad dynasty">Almohads</a> until being incorporated to the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a> in 1248.<a href="#cite_note-Christian-Muslim_Relations._A_Bibliographical_History._Volume_4_(1200–1350)-4">[4]</a> Owing to its role as gateway of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a>'s trans-atlantic trade, managed from the <a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Contrataci%C3%B3n" title="Casa de Contratación">Casa de Contratación</a>, Seville became one of the largest cities in Western Europe in the 16th century. Following a deterioration in drought conditions in the Guadalquivir, the American trade gradually moved away from the city of Seville, in favour initially of downstream-dependent berths and eventually of the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Bay of Cádiz">Bay of Cádiz</a> – to which were eventually transferred control of both the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_treasure_fleet" title="Spanish treasure fleet">fleets of the Indies</a> (1680) and the <a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Contrataci%C3%B3n" title="Casa de Contratación">Casa de Contratación</a> (1717).<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The 20th century in Seville saw the tribulations of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>, decisive cultural milestones such as the <a href="/wiki/Ibero-American_Exposition_of_1929" title="Ibero-American Exposition of 1929">Ibero-American Exposition of 1929</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seville_Expo_%2792" title="Seville Expo '92">Expo '92</a>, and the city's election as the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Andalusian_Autonomous_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Andalusian Autonomous Government">Autonomous Community of Andalusia</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology_and_derivatives">Etymology and derivatives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology and derivatives">edit</a>]</div> According to Manuel Pellicer Catalán, the ancient name was Spal, and it meant "lowland" in the <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_language" title="Phoenician language">Phoenician language</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognate</a> to the Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Shfela" class="mw-redirect" title="Shfela">Shfela</a> and the Arabic Asfal أسفل).<a href="#cite_note-SPAL:_Revista_de_prehistoria_y_arqueología_de_la_Universidad_de_Sevilla-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> It is ultimately from Phoenician sefela, meaning "plain, valley."<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Hisbaal is another old name for Seville. It appears to have originated during the <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> colonisation of the <a href="/wiki/Tartessos" title="Tartessos">Tartessian</a> culture in south-western Iberia, and according to a new proposal, it refers to the god <a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> During <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Roman rule</a>, the name was Latinised as Hispal and later as Hispalis. After the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> invasion, this name remained in use among the <a href="/wiki/Mozarabs" title="Mozarabs">Mozarabs</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Mena_1992-10">[10]</a> being adapted into Arabic as Išbīliya (إشبيلية): since the /p/ <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phoneme</a> does not exist in Arabic, it was replaced by /b/; the Latin place-name suffix -is was Arabized as -iya, and a /æ/ turned into ī /iː/ due to the phonetic phenomenon called <a href="/wiki/Im%C4%81la" title="Imāla">imāla</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> In the meantime, the city's official name had been changed to Ḥimṣ al-Andalus (حمص الأندلس), in reference to the city of <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a> in modern Syria, <a href="/wiki/Jund_Hims" title="Jund Hims">the jund of which</a> Seville had been assigned to upon the Umayyad conquest;<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mena_1992-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> "Ḥimṣ al-Andalus" remained a customary and affectionate name for the city during the whole period throughout the Muslim Arab world,<a href="#cite_note-Mena_1992-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> being referred to for example in the encyclopedia of <a href="/wiki/Yaqut_al-Hamawi" title="Yaqut al-Hamawi">Yaqut al-Hamawi</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> or in <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Baqa_ar-Rundi" title="Abu al-Baqa ar-Rundi">Abu al-Baqa ar-Rundi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ritha%27_al-Andalus" title="Ritha' al-Andalus">Ritha' al-Andalus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The city is sometimes referred to as the "Pearl of Andalusia". The inhabitants of the city are known as sevillanos (feminine form: sevillanas) or hispalenses, after the Roman name of the city. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motto">Motto</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Motto">edit</a>]</div> NO8DO is the official motto of Seville, popularly believed to be a <a href="/wiki/Rebus" title="Rebus">rebus</a> signifying the Spanish No me ha dejado, meaning "She [Seville] has not abandoned me". The phrase, pronounced with <a href="/wiki/Synalepha" title="Synalepha">synalepha</a> as <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[no ma ðeˈxaðo]</a> no-madeja-do, is written with an eight in the middle representing the word madeja <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[maˈðexa]</a> "skein [of wool]". Legend states that the title was given by King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso X</a>, who was resident in the city's <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar_of_Seville" title="Alcázar of Seville">Alcázar</a> and supported by the citizens when his son, later <a href="/wiki/Sancho_IV_of_Castile" title="Sancho IV of Castile">Sancho IV of Castile</a>, tried to usurp the throne from him. The emblem is present on Seville's municipal flag, and features on city property such as manhole covers, and <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a>'s tomb in the cathedral. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Seville" title="History of Seville">History of Seville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Seville" title="Timeline of Seville">Timeline of Seville</a></div> Seville is approximately 2,200 years old. The passage of the various civilizations instrumental in its growth has left the city with a distinct personality, and a large and well-preserved historical centre. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_periods">Early periods</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early periods">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tesoro_del_Carambolo_-_Museo_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_de_Sevilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tesoro_del_Carambolo_-_Museo_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_de_Sevilla.jpg/220px-Tesoro_del_Carambolo_-_Museo_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_de_Sevilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tesoro_del_Carambolo_-_Museo_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_de_Sevilla.jpg/330px-Tesoro_del_Carambolo_-_Museo_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_de_Sevilla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tesoro_del_Carambolo_-_Museo_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_de_Sevilla.jpg/440px-Tesoro_del_Carambolo_-_Museo_Arqueol%C3%B3gico_de_Sevilla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="554" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Treasure_of_El_Carambolo" title="Treasure of El Carambolo">Treasure of El Carambolo</a>, belonging to the ancient <a href="/wiki/Tartessos" title="Tartessos">Tartessian</a> sanctuary located 3 kilometers west of Seville.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ca%C3%B1os_de_Carmona_en_calle_Luis_Montoto_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ca%C3%B1os_de_Carmona_en_calle_Luis_Montoto_%282%29.jpg/220px-Ca%C3%B1os_de_Carmona_en_calle_Luis_Montoto_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ca%C3%B1os_de_Carmona_en_calle_Luis_Montoto_%282%29.jpg/330px-Ca%C3%B1os_de_Carmona_en_calle_Luis_Montoto_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ca%C3%B1os_de_Carmona_en_calle_Luis_Montoto_%282%29.jpg/440px-Ca%C3%B1os_de_Carmona_en_calle_Luis_Montoto_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3726" data-file-height="2273" /></a><figcaption>Section of <a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%B1os_de_Carmona" title="Caños de Carmona">Caños de Carmona</a></figcaption></figure> The mythological founder of the city is Hercules (<a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a>), commonly identified with the Phoenician god <a href="/wiki/Melqart" title="Melqart">Melqart</a>, who the myth says sailed through the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">Strait of Gibraltar</a> to the Atlantic, and founded trading posts at the current sites of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a> and of Seville.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The original core of the city, in the neighbourhood of the present-day street, Cuesta del Rosario, dates to the 8th century BC,<a href="#cite_note-Salgueiro2007-20">[20]</a> when Seville was on an island in the <a href="/wiki/Guadalquivir" title="Guadalquivir">Guadalquivir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mena1985-21">[21]</a> Archaeological excavations in 1999 found anthropic remains under the north wall of the Real Alcázar dating to the 8th–7th century BC.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> The town was called Hisbaal by the Phoenicians and by the Tartessians, the indigenous pre-Roman Iberian people of <a href="/wiki/Tartessos" title="Tartessos">Tartessos</a>, who controlled the Guadalquivir Valley at the time. The city was known from <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Roman times</a> as Hispal and later as Hispalis. Hispalis developed into one of the great market and industrial centres of Hispania, while the nearby Roman city of <a href="/wiki/Italica" title="Italica">Italica</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Santiponce" title="Santiponce">Santiponce</a>, birthplace of the Roman emperors <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Nash2005-23">[23]</a> remained a typically Roman residential city. Large-scale Roman archaeological remains can be seen there and at the nearby town of <a href="/wiki/Carmona,_Spain" title="Carmona, Spain">Carmona</a> as well. Existing Roman features in Seville itself include the remains exposed in situ in the underground Antiquarium of the <a href="/wiki/Metropol_Parasol" title="Metropol Parasol">Metropol Parasol</a> building, the remnants of an <a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%B1os_de_Carmona" title="Caños de Carmona">aqueduct</a>, three pillars of a <a href="/wiki/Roman_temple" title="Roman temple">temple</a> in Mármoles Street, the columns of <a href="/wiki/La_Alameda,_Seville" class="mw-redirect" title="La Alameda, Seville">La Alameda de Hércules</a> and the remains in the Patio de Banderas square near the <a href="/wiki/Seville_Cathedral" title="Seville Cathedral">Seville Cathedral</a>. The walls surrounding the city were originally built during the rule of <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>, but their current course and design were the result of Moorish reconstructions.<a href="#cite_note-degelo.com-24">[24]</a> Following Roman rule, there were successive conquests of the Roman province of <a href="/wiki/Hispania_Baetica" title="Hispania Baetica">Hispania Baetica</a> by the Germanic <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> during the 5th and 6th centuries. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Middle Ages">edit</a>]</div> In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_conquest_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula">Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula</a>, Seville (Spalis) was seemingly taken by <a href="/wiki/Musa_ibn_Nusayr" title="Musa ibn Nusayr">Musa ibn Nusayr</a> in the late summer of 712, while he was on his way to <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gathane-25">[25]</a> Yet it had to be retaken in July 713 by troops led by his son <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Aziz_ibn_Musa" title="Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa">Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa</a>, as the Visigothic population who had fled to <a href="/wiki/Beja,_Portugal" title="Beja, Portugal">Beja</a> had returned to Seville once Musa left for Mérida.<a href="#cite_note-gathane-25">[25]</a> The seat of the <a href="/wiki/Wali_(administrative_title)" title="Wali (administrative title)">Wali</a> of <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a> (administrative division of the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a>) was thus established in the city until 716,<a href="#cite_note-gathane-25">[25]</a> when the capital of Al-Andalus was relocated to <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Seville (Ishbīliya) <a href="/wiki/Viking_raid_on_Seville" title="Viking raid on Seville">was sacked by Vikings</a> in the mid-9th century. After Vikings arrived by 25 September 844, Seville fell to invaders on 1 October, and they stood for 40 days before they fled from the city.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> During Umayyad rule, under an Andalusi-Arab framework, the bulk of the population were <a href="/wiki/Muwallad" class="mw-redirect" title="Muwallad">Muladi</a> converts, to which Christian and Jewish minorities added up.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEValencia1994136–137;_138-28">[28]</a> Up until the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Almohads" class="mw-redirect" title="Almohads">Almohads</a> in the 12th century, the city remained as the see of a Metropolitan Archbishop,<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> the leading Christian religious figure in al-Andalus. However, the transfer of the relics of <a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Saint Isidore</a> to <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León</a> circa 1063, in the taifa period, already hinted at a possible worsening of the situation of the local Christian minority.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Seville" title="Taifa of Seville">powerful taifa kingdom with capital in Seville</a> emerged after 1023,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEValencia1994139-31">[31]</a> in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Fitna_of_al-Andalus" title="Fitna of al-Andalus">fitna of al-Andalus</a>. Ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Abbadid_dynasty" title="Abbadid dynasty">Abbadid dynasty</a>, the taifa grew by aggregation of smaller neighbouring taifas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEValencia1994139-31">[31]</a> During the taifa period, Seville became an important scholarly and literary centre.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEValencia1994139-31">[31]</a> After several months of siege, Seville was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Almoravids" class="mw-redirect" title="Almoravids">Almoravids</a> in 1091.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The city fell to the Almohads on 17 January 1147 (12 <a href="/wiki/Sha%CA%BDban" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaʽban">Shaʽban</a> 541).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl_Hour1999289-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> After an informal Almohad settlement in Seville during the early stages of the Almohad presence in the Iberian Peninsula and then a brief relocation of the capital of al-Andalus to Córdoba in 1162 (which had dire consequences for Seville, reportedly depopulated and under starvation),<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Seville became the definitive seat of the Andalusi part of the Almohad Empire in 1163,<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> a twin capital alongside <a href="/wiki/Marrakesh" title="Marrakesh">Marrakesh</a>. Almohads carried out a large urban renewal.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> By the end of the 12th century, the walled enclosure perhaps contained 80,000 inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Seville" title="Siege of Seville">Siege of Seville</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patio_de_las_doncellas-ret.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Patio_de_las_doncellas-ret.jpg/260px-Patio_de_las_doncellas-ret.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Patio_de_las_doncellas-ret.jpg/390px-Patio_de_las_doncellas-ret.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Patio_de_las_doncellas-ret.jpg/520px-Patio_de_las_doncellas-ret.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3424" data-file-height="2262" /></a><figcaption>The Patio de las Doncellas in the <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar_of_Seville" title="Alcázar of Seville">Alcázar of Seville</a></figcaption></figure> In the wider context of the Castilian–Leonese conquest of the Guadalquivir Valley that ensued in the 13th century, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand III of Castile">Ferdinand III</a> laid siege on Seville in 1247. A <a href="/wiki/Naval_blockade" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval blockade">naval blockade</a> came to prevent relief of the city.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The city surrendered on 23 November 1248,<a href="#cite_note-O'Callaghan1975-41">[41]</a> after fifteen months of siege. The conditions of capitulation contemplated the eviction of the population, with contemporary sources seemingly confirming that a mass movement of people out of Seville indeed took place.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The city's development continued after the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Castilian</a> conquest in 1248. Public buildings were constructed including churches—many of which were built in the <a href="/wiki/Mud%C3%A9jar" title="Mudéjar">Mudéjar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> styles—such as the Seville Cathedral, built during the 15th century with <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic architecture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Norwich2001-43">[43]</a> Other Moorish buildings were converted into Catholic edifices, as was customary of the Catholic Church during the <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a>. The Moors' Palace became the Castilian royal residence, and during <a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Castile" title="Peter of Castile">Pedro I</a>'s rule it was replaced by the Alcázar (the upper levels are still used by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_royal_family" title="Spanish royal family">Spanish royal family</a> as the official Seville residence). <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:708px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Seville_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cathedral of Saint Mary from Constitución Avenue"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Seville_panorama.jpg/700px-Seville_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Seville_panorama.jpg/1050px-Seville_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Seville_panorama.jpg/1400px-Seville_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10782" data-file-height="3060" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Seville_panorama.jpg" title="File:Seville panorama.jpg"> </a></div><a href="/wiki/Seville_Cathedral" title="Seville Cathedral">Cathedral of Saint Mary</a> from Constitución Avenue</div></div></div> In the <a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_1391" title="Massacre of 1391">1391 pogrom</a> against the Jews, believed to having been instigated by the Archdeacon <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrant_Mart%C3%ADnez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrant Martínez (page does not exist)">Ferrant Martínez</a>, all the synagogues in Seville were converted to churches (renamed Santa María la Blanca, San Bartolomé, Santa Cruz, and Convento Madre de Dios). The Jewish quarter's land and shops (which were located in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Seville" title="Santa Cruz, Seville">Santa Cruz neighbourhood</a>) were appropriated by the church and many Jewish homes were burned down. 4000 Jews were killed during the pogrom and many others were <a href="/wiki/B%27nei_Anusim" class="mw-redirect" title="B'nei Anusim">forced to convert</a>. The first tribunal of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a> was instituted in Seville in 1478. Its primary charge was to ensure that all nominal Christians were really behaving like Christians, and not practicing what Judaism they could in secret. At first, the activity of the Inquisition was limited to the dioceses of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Seville" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seville">Seville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Córdoba">Córdoba</a>, where the Dominican friar, Alonso de Ojeda, had detected <a href="/wiki/Converso" title="Converso">converso</a> activity.<a href="#cite_note-ojeda-44">[44]</a> The first <a href="/wiki/Auto-da-f%C3%A9" title="Auto-da-fé">Auto de Fé</a> took place in Seville on 6 February 1481, when six people were burned alive. Alonso de Ojeda himself gave the sermon. The Inquisition then grew rapidly. The Plaza de San Francisco was the site of the 'autos de fé'. By 1492, tribunals existed in eight Castilian cities: Ávila, Córdoba, Jaén, Medina del Campo, Segovia, Sigüenza, Toledo, and Valladolid;<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> and by the <a href="/wiki/Alhambra_Decree" title="Alhambra Decree">Alhambra Decree</a> all Jews were <a href="/wiki/Anusim" title="Anusim">forced to convert</a> to Catholicism or be exiled (expelled) from Spain.<a href="#cite_note-Levine-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_modern_period">Early modern period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Early modern period">edit</a>]</div> Following the <a href="/wiki/Voyages_of_Christopher_Columbus" title="Voyages of Christopher Columbus">Columbian exploration</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>, Seville was chosen as headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Contrataci%C3%B3n" title="Casa de Contratación">Casa de Contratación</a> in 1503, which was the decisive development for Seville becoming the port and gateway to the Indies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPérez-Mallaína199715-47">[47]</a> Unlike other harbors, reaching the port of Seville required sailing about 80 kilometres (50 mi) up the River Guadalquivir. The choice of Seville was made in spite of the difficulties for navigation in the Guadalquivir stemming from the increasing <a href="/wiki/Tonnage" title="Tonnage">tonnage</a> of ships as a result of the relentless drive to make maritime transport cheaper during the late Middle Ages.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPérez-Mallaína199716-48">[48]</a> Nevertheless, technical suitability issues notwithstanding, the choice was still reasonable in the sense that Seville had become the largest demographic, economic and financial centre of Christian Andalusia in the late Middle Ages.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In addition, factors favouring the choice of Seville include the Andalusian coastline being largely under the seigneurial control of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Medina_Sidonia" title="House of Medina Sidonia">House of Medina Sidonia</a>, Seville enjoying an important hinterland and administrative expertise, and its inland location also providing conditions for military security and enforcement of tax control.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPacheco_Morales-Padrón2021408–409-50">[50]</a> A 'golden age of development' commenced in Seville, due to its being the only port awarded the royal monopoly for trade with <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Spanish Americas</a> and the influx of riches from them. Since only <a href="/wiki/Winds_in_the_Age_of_Sail" title="Winds in the Age of Sail">sailing ships</a> leaving from and returning to the inland port of Seville could engage in trade with the Spanish Americas, merchants from Europe and other trade centers needed to be in Seville to acquire New World trade goods. The city's population grew to more than a hundred thousand people.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_sevilla_del_sigloXVI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/La_sevilla_del_sigloXVI.jpg/550px-La_sevilla_del_sigloXVI.jpg" decoding="async" width="550" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/La_sevilla_del_sigloXVI.jpg/825px-La_sevilla_del_sigloXVI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/La_sevilla_del_sigloXVI.jpg/1100px-La_sevilla_del_sigloXVI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2035" data-file-height="1012" /></a><figcaption>Seville in the late 16th century, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of America">Museum of America</a>, Madrid</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PesteSevilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/PesteSevilla.jpg/220px-PesteSevilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/PesteSevilla.jpg/330px-PesteSevilla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/PesteSevilla.jpg/440px-PesteSevilla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="310" /></a><figcaption>Anonymous painting illustrating the effects of the 1649 plague</figcaption></figure> In the early 17th c., Seville's monopoly on overseas trade was broken, with the port of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a> now the monopoly port of trade as <a href="/wiki/Siltation" title="Siltation">silting</a> of the Guadalquivir river in the 1620s made Seville's harbors harder to use.<a href="#cite_note-Nash-2005-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Great_Plague_of_Seville" title="Great Plague of Seville">Great Plague of Seville</a> in 1649, exacerbated by excessive flooding of the Guadalquivir, reduced the population by almost half, and it did not recover until the early 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> By the 18th century, Seville's international importance was in steep decline, after the monopoly port for the trade to the Americas was relocated to Cádiz. Cádiz had gifted the Bourbon claimant to the throne in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a> funding that helped it pursue the war. The reward to Cádiz was the rights of the monopoly port. The <a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Contrataci%C3%B3n" title="Casa de Contratación">House of Trade</a> (which registered ships, cargoes, and persons travelling to the New World), and the large scale overseas commercial enterprises of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Consulado_de_mercaders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consulado de mercaders (page does not exist)">merchant guild</a> relocated to Cádiz. The House of Trade had been housed in rented quarters, but the purpose-built headquarters of the merchant guild was left vacant.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> During the monarchy of <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Archive_of_the_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive of the Indies">Archive of the Indies</a> was established in Seville in the old headquarters of the merchant guild. Documents pertaining to Spain's overseas empire were moved there from existing archival repositories, including <a href="/wiki/Simancas" title="Simancas">Simancas</a> and the House of Trade, were consolidated in a single repository. One scholar argues that the establishment of the Archive of the Indies marks a decisive moment in Spain's history, with the 18th c. Bourbon monarchy conceiving of its overseas territories as colonies of the metropole rather than entities under the jurisdiction of the crown on an equal basis as the kingdoms in the Iberian peninsula.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Domingo_Mart%C3%ADnez,_Real_m%C3%A1scara_de_la_f%C3%A1brica_de_tabacos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Domingo_Mart%C3%ADnez%2C_Real_m%C3%A1scara_de_la_f%C3%A1brica_de_tabacos.jpg/220px-Domingo_Mart%C3%ADnez%2C_Real_m%C3%A1scara_de_la_f%C3%A1brica_de_tabacos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Domingo_Mart%C3%ADnez%2C_Real_m%C3%A1scara_de_la_f%C3%A1brica_de_tabacos.jpg/330px-Domingo_Mart%C3%ADnez%2C_Real_m%C3%A1scara_de_la_f%C3%A1brica_de_tabacos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Domingo_Mart%C3%ADnez%2C_Real_m%C3%A1scara_de_la_f%C3%A1brica_de_tabacos.jpg/440px-Domingo_Mart%C3%ADnez%2C_Real_m%C3%A1scara_de_la_f%C3%A1brica_de_tabacos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3206" data-file-height="1458" /></a><figcaption>1747 parade organized by the workers of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Tobacco_Factory" title="Royal Tobacco Factory">Royal Tobacco Factory</a></figcaption></figure> During the 18th century Charles III promoted Seville's industries. Construction of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Tobacco_Factory" title="Royal Tobacco Factory">Real Fábrica de Tabacos (Royal Tobacco Factory)</a> began in 1728. It was the second-largest building in Spain, after the royal residence <a href="/wiki/El_Escorial" title="El Escorial">El Escorial</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Since the 1950s it has been the seat of the rectorate (administration) of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Seville" title="University of Seville">University of Seville</a>, as well as its Schools of Law, Philology (language/letters), Geography, and History.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> More operas have been set in Seville than in any other city of Europe. In 2012, a study of experts concluded the total number of operas set in Seville is 153. Among the composers who fell in love with the city are <a href="/wiki/Beethoven" class="mw-redirect" title="Beethoven">Beethoven</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fidelio" title="Fidelio">Fidelio</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mozart" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart">Mozart</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Figaro" title="The Marriage of Figaro">The Marriage of Figaro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a>), <a href="/wiki/Rossini" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossini">Rossini</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Barber_of_Seville" title="The Barber of Seville">The Barber of Seville</a>), <a href="/wiki/Donizetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Donizetti">Donizetti</a> (<a href="/wiki/La_favorite" title="La favorite">La favorite</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Bizet" class="mw-redirect" title="Bizet">Bizet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carmen" title="Carmen">Carmen</a>).<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The first newspaper in Spain outside of Madrid was Seville's Hebdomario útil de Seville, which began publication in 1758. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_modern_history">Late modern history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Late modern history">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muelle_y_Torre_del_Oro_Sevilla,_RP-F-F01139-CY.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Muelle_y_Torre_del_Oro_Sevilla%2C_RP-F-F01139-CY.jpg/230px-Muelle_y_Torre_del_Oro_Sevilla%2C_RP-F-F01139-CY.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Muelle_y_Torre_del_Oro_Sevilla%2C_RP-F-F01139-CY.jpg/345px-Muelle_y_Torre_del_Oro_Sevilla%2C_RP-F-F01139-CY.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Muelle_y_Torre_del_Oro_Sevilla%2C_RP-F-F01139-CY.jpg/460px-Muelle_y_Torre_del_Oro_Sevilla%2C_RP-F-F01139-CY.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3860" data-file-height="2844" /></a><figcaption>The Torre del Oro and the harbor in the second half of the 19th century</figcaption></figure> Between 1825 and 1833, Melchor Cano acted as chief architect in Seville; most of the urban planning policy and architectural modifications of the city were made by him and his collaborator Jose Manuel Arjona y Cuba.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Industrial architecture surviving today from the first half of the 19th century includes the ceramics factory installed in the Carthusian monastery at La Cartuja in 1841 by the Pickman family, and now home to the El Centro Andaluz de Arte Contemporáneo (CAAC),<a href="#cite_note-al-61">[61]</a> which manages the collections of the Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Sevilla.<a href="#cite_note-NavarroTorres2002-62">[62]</a> It also houses the rectory of the UNIA.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> In the years that Queen <a href="/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella II of Spain">Isabel II</a> ruled directly, about 1843–1868, the Sevillian bourgeoisie invested in a construction boom unmatched in the city's history. The <a href="/wiki/Puente_de_Isabel_II" title="Puente de Isabel II">Isabel II bridge</a>, better known as the Triana bridge, dates from this period; street lighting was expanded in the municipality and most of the streets were paved during this time as well.<a href="#cite_note-A-64">[64]</a> By the second half of the 19th century, Seville had begun an expansion supported by railway construction and the demolition of part of its ancient walls, allowing the urban space of the city to grow eastward and southward. The Sevillana de Electricidad Company was created in 1894 to provide electric power throughout the municipality,<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> and in 1901 the Plaza de Armas railway station was inaugurated. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Expo_sevilla_1929_poster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Expo_sevilla_1929_poster.jpg/150px-Expo_sevilla_1929_poster.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Expo_sevilla_1929_poster.jpg/225px-Expo_sevilla_1929_poster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Expo_sevilla_1929_poster.jpg/300px-Expo_sevilla_1929_poster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1001" /></a><figcaption>Poster for the <a href="/wiki/Ibero-American_Exposition_of_1929" title="Ibero-American Exposition of 1929">Ibero-American Exposition of 1929</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts_of_Seville" title="Museum of Fine Arts of Seville">Museum of Fine Arts</a> (Museo de Bellas Artes de Sevilla) opened in 1904. In 1929 the city hosted the <a href="/wiki/Ibero-American_Exposition_of_1929" title="Ibero-American Exposition of 1929">Ibero-American Exposition</a>, which accelerated the southern expansion of the city and created new public spaces such as the <a href="/wiki/Parque_de_Mar%C3%ADa_Luisa" title="Parque de María Luisa">Parque de María Luisa</a> (Maria Luisa Park) and the adjoining <a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a,_Seville" title="Plaza de España, Seville">Plaza de España</a>. Not long before the opening, the Spanish government began a modernisation of the city in order to prepare for the expected crowds by erecting new hotels and widening the mediaeval streets to allow for the movement of automobiles.<a href="#cite_note-Luce1929-66">[66]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EL_GRAL._VARELA_EN_UN_DISCURSO_EN_UN_BALC%C3%93N._AUTOR-_AN%C3%93NIMO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/EL_GRAL._VARELA_EN_UN_DISCURSO_EN_UN_BALC%C3%93N._AUTOR-_AN%C3%93NIMO.jpg/220px-EL_GRAL._VARELA_EN_UN_DISCURSO_EN_UN_BALC%C3%93N._AUTOR-_AN%C3%93NIMO.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/EL_GRAL._VARELA_EN_UN_DISCURSO_EN_UN_BALC%C3%93N._AUTOR-_AN%C3%93NIMO.jpg/330px-EL_GRAL._VARELA_EN_UN_DISCURSO_EN_UN_BALC%C3%93N._AUTOR-_AN%C3%93NIMO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/EL_GRAL._VARELA_EN_UN_DISCURSO_EN_UN_BALC%C3%93N._AUTOR-_AN%C3%93NIMO.jpg/440px-EL_GRAL._VARELA_EN_UN_DISCURSO_EN_UN_BALC%C3%93N._AUTOR-_AN%C3%93NIMO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1246" data-file-height="1377" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Enrique_Varela" title="José Enrique Varela">General Varela</a> rallying military and civilians in Seville (September 1936)</figcaption></figure> Seville fell very quickly at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> in 1936. General <a href="/wiki/Queipo_de_Llano" class="mw-redirect" title="Queipo de Llano">Queipo de Llano</a> carried out a coup within the city, quickly capturing the city centre.<a href="#cite_note-Thomas-67">[67]</a> Radio Seville opposed the uprising and called for the peasants to come to the city for arms, while workers' groups established barricades.<a href="#cite_note-Thomas-67">[67]</a> Queipo then moved to capture Radio Seville, which he used to broadcast propaganda on behalf of the Francoist forces.<a href="#cite_note-Thomas-67">[67]</a> After the initial takeover of the city, resistance continued among residents of the working-class neighbourhoods for some time, until a series of fierce reprisals took place.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Under <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>'s rule Spain was officially neutral in World War II (although it did collaborate with the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a>),<a href="#cite_note-Payne2008-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bowen2006-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-Corporation2004-71">[71]</a> and like the rest of the country, Seville remained largely economically and culturally isolated from the outside world. In 1953 the shipyard of Seville was opened, eventually employing more than 2,000 workers in the 1970s. Before the existence of wetlands regulation in the Guadalquivir basin, Seville suffered regular heavy flooding; perhaps worst of all were the floods that occurred in November 1961 when the River Tamarguillo, a tributary of the Guadalquivir, overflowed as a result of a prodigious downpour of rain, and Seville was consequently declared a disaster zone.<a href="#cite_note-PfisterBrázdil2013-72">[72]</a> Trade unionism in Seville began during the 1960s with the underground organisational activities of the Workers' Commissions or Comisiones Obreras (CCOO), in factories such as Hytasa, the Astilleros shipyards, Hispano Aviación, etc. Several of the movement's leaders were imprisoned in November 1973.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_developments">Recent developments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Recent developments">edit</a>]</div> On 3 April 1979 Spain held its first democratic municipal elections after the end of Franco's dictatorship; councillors representing four different political parties were elected in Seville. On 5 November 1982, <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> arrived in Seville to officiate at a Mass before more than half a million people at the fairgrounds. He visited the city again on 13 June 1993, for the International Eucharistic Congress. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Expo_Sevilla002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Expo_Sevilla002.jpg/220px-Expo_Sevilla002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Expo_Sevilla002.jpg/330px-Expo_Sevilla002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Expo_Sevilla002.jpg/440px-Expo_Sevilla002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1761" data-file-height="1180" /></a><figcaption>European Union pavilion of the <a href="/wiki/Seville_Expo_%2792" title="Seville Expo '92">1992 Universal Exposition</a> as it was at the time.</figcaption></figure> In 1992, coinciding with the fifth centenary of the <a href="/wiki/Voyages_of_Christopher_Columbus" title="Voyages of Christopher Columbus">Discovery of the Americas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Seville_Expo_%2792" title="Seville Expo '92">Universal Exposition</a> was held for six months in Seville, on the occasion of which the local communications network and urban infrastructure was greatly improved under a 1987 <a href="/wiki/PGOU" class="mw-redirect" title="PGOU">PGOU</a> plan launched by Mayor <a href="/wiki/Manuel_del_Valle" title="Manuel del Valle">Manuel del Valle</a>:<a href="#cite_note-abc-73">[73]</a> the SE-30 ring road around the city was completed and new highways were constructed; the new <a href="/wiki/Seville-Santa_Justa_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Seville-Santa Justa railway station">Seville-Santa Justa railway station</a> had opened in 1991, while the Spanish High-Speed Rail system, the <a href="/wiki/Alta_Velocidad_Espa%C3%B1ola" class="mw-redirect" title="Alta Velocidad Española">Alta Velocidad Española</a> (AVE), began to operate between Madrid-Seville. The <a href="/wiki/Seville_Airport" title="Seville Airport">Seville Airport</a> was expanded with a new terminal building designed by the architect <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Moneo" title="Rafael Moneo">Rafael Moneo</a>, and various other improvements were made. The <a href="/wiki/Puente_del_Alamillo" class="mw-redirect" title="Puente del Alamillo">Alamillo Bridge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Centenario_Bridge" title="Centenario Bridge">Centenario Bridge</a>, both crossing over the Guadalquivir, also were built for the occasion. Some of the installations remaining at the site after the exposition were converted into the Scientific and Technological Park <a href="/wiki/Cartuja_93" title="Cartuja 93">Cartuja 93</a>. In 2004 the Metropol Parasol project, commonly known as Las Setas ('The Mushrooms'), due to the appearance of the structure, was launched to revitalise the Plaza de la Encarnación, for years used as a car park and seen as a dead spot between more popular tourist destinations in the city. The Metropol Parasol was completed in March 2011,<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> costing just over €102 million in total, more than twice as much as originally planned.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Constructed from crossed wooden beams, Las Setas is said to be the largest timber-framed structure in the world.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Espacio_Parasol_Sevilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Metropol Parasol, locally also known as Las Setas, by the German architect Jürgen Mayer"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Espacio_Parasol_Sevilla.jpg/800px-Espacio_Parasol_Sevilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="359" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Espacio_Parasol_Sevilla.jpg/1200px-Espacio_Parasol_Sevilla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Espacio_Parasol_Sevilla.jpg/1600px-Espacio_Parasol_Sevilla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4654" data-file-height="2087" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Espacio_Parasol_Sevilla.jpg" title="File:Espacio Parasol Sevilla.jpg"> </a></div><a href="/wiki/Metropol_Parasol" title="Metropol Parasol">Metropol Parasol</a>, locally also known as Las Setas, by the German architect <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Mayer" title="Jürgen Mayer">Jürgen Mayer</a></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Location">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(Sevilla)_Seville,_Spain_(49104522676)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%28Sevilla%29_Seville%2C_Spain_%2849104522676%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-%28Sevilla%29_Seville%2C_Spain_%2849104522676%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%28Sevilla%29_Seville%2C_Spain_%2849104522676%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/495px-%28Sevilla%29_Seville%2C_Spain_%2849104522676%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%28Sevilla%29_Seville%2C_Spain_%2849104522676%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/660px-%28Sevilla%29_Seville%2C_Spain_%2849104522676%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1769" data-file-height="1768" /></a><figcaption>Satellite imagery of Seville (<a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2" title="Sentinel-2">Sentinel-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copernicus_Programme" title="Copernicus Programme">Copernicus Programme</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MTN50-0984-2006-cns-Sevilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/MTN50-0984-2006-cns-Sevilla.jpg/330px-MTN50-0984-2006-cns-Sevilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/MTN50-0984-2006-cns-Sevilla.jpg/495px-MTN50-0984-2006-cns-Sevilla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/MTN50-0984-2006-cns-Sevilla.jpg/660px-MTN50-0984-2006-cns-Sevilla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7874" data-file-height="5153" /></a><figcaption>Seville sheet of MTN50 (Spain's National Topographic Map at 1:50,000 scale), at its first digital edition (year 2006).</figcaption></figure> Seville has an area of 141 km2 (54 sq mi), according to the National Topographic Map (Mapa Topográfico Nacional) series from the Instituto Geográfico Nacional – Centro Nacional de Información Geográfica, the country's civilian survey organisation (pages 984, 985 and 1002). The city is situated in the fertile valley of the River Guadalquivir. The average height <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a> is 7 metres (23 feet). Most of the city is on the east side of the river, while <a href="/wiki/Triana,_Seville" title="Triana, Seville">Triana</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Cartuja,_Seville" class="mw-redirect" title="La Cartuja, Seville">La Cartuja</a> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Remedios,_Seville" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Remedios, Seville">Los Remedios</a> are on the west side. The <a href="/wiki/Albaida_del_Aljarafe" title="Albaida del Aljarafe">Aljarafe</a> region lies further west, and is considered part of the metropolitan area. The city has boundaries on the north with <a href="/wiki/La_Rinconada,_Andalusia" title="La Rinconada, Andalusia">La Rinconada</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Algaba" title="La Algaba">La Algaba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santiponce" title="Santiponce">Santiponce</a>; on the east with <a href="/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_de_Guadaira" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcalá de Guadaira">Alcalá de Guadaira</a>; on the south with <a href="/wiki/Dos_Hermanas" title="Dos Hermanas">Dos Hermanas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gelves" title="Gelves">Gelves</a> and on the west with <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_de_Aznalfarache" title="San Juan de Aznalfarache">San Juan de Aznalfarache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomares" title="Tomares">Tomares</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camas,_Seville" title="Camas, Seville">Camas</a>. Seville is on the same <a href="/wiki/37th_parallel_north" title="37th parallel north">parallel</a> as United States west coast city <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a> in central California. <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Miguel_Island" title="São Miguel Island">São Miguel</a>, the main island of the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a> archipelago, lies on the same latitude. Further east from Seville in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Basin">Mediterranean Basin</a>, it is on the same latitude as <a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catania</a> in Sicily, Italy and just south of <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. Beyond that, it is located on the same parallel as South Korean capital, <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>. Seville is located inland, not very far from the Andalusian coast, but still sees a much more continental climate than the nearest port cities, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huelva" title="Huelva">Huelva</a>. Its distance from the sea makes summers in Sevilla much hotter than along the coastline. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toits_Guadalquivir_ponts_S%C3%A9ville_Espagne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Toits_Guadalquivir_ponts_S%C3%A9ville_Espagne.jpg/220px-Toits_Guadalquivir_ponts_S%C3%A9ville_Espagne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Toits_Guadalquivir_ponts_S%C3%A9ville_Espagne.jpg/330px-Toits_Guadalquivir_ponts_S%C3%A9ville_Espagne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Toits_Guadalquivir_ponts_S%C3%A9ville_Espagne.jpg/440px-Toits_Guadalquivir_ponts_S%C3%A9ville_Espagne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3076" data-file-height="2047" /></a><figcaption>Skyline of Seville from the top of the <a href="/wiki/Giralda" title="Giralda">Giralda</a></figcaption></figure> Seville's climate is a very <a href="/wiki/Hot-summer_Mediterranean_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot-summer Mediterranean climate">hot-summer Mediterranean climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> Csa, <a href="/wiki/Trewartha_climate_classification" title="Trewartha climate classification">Trewartha</a>+Universal Thermal Scale: Cshl), featuring very hot, long, dry summers and mild winters with moderate rainfall.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Seville has an annual average of 19.2 °C (67 °F). The annual average temperature is 25.4 °C (78 °F) during the day and 13.0 °C (55 °F) at night.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Seville is located in the <a href="/wiki/Baetic_Depression" title="Baetic Depression">Guadalquivir Valley</a>, which is often referred to as "the frying pan of Spain", as it features the hottest cities in the country.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Seville is the warmest city in <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">Continental Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> It is also the hottest major metropolitan area in Europe, with summer average high temperatures of above 35 °C (95 °F)<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> and the hottest in Spain.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> After the city of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Andalusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Córdoba, Andalusia">Córdoba</a> (also in Andalusia), Seville has the hottest summer in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> among all cities with a population over 100,000 people, with average daily highs of 36.0 °C (97 °F) in July.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> On average, Seville has around 60 days a year with maximum temperatures over 35.0 °C (95.0 °F).<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Temperatures above 40 °C (104 °F) are not uncommon in summer. In fact, it became the first city in the world to name a <a href="/wiki/Heat_wave" title="Heat wave">heat wave</a>, with a nickname "Zoe".<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The hottest temperature extreme of 46.6 °C (116 °F) was registered by the weather station at <a href="/wiki/Seville_Airport" title="Seville Airport">Seville Airport</a> on 23 July 1995 while the coldest temperature extreme of −5.5 °C (22 °F) was also registered by the airport weather station on 12 February 1956.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> A historical record high (disputed) of 50.0 °C (122 °F) was recorded on 4 August 1881, according to the <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> Satellite and Information Service.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> There is an unaccredited record by the National Institute of Meteorology of 47.2 °C (117 °F) on 1 August during the <a href="/wiki/2003_European_heat_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 European heat wave">2003 heat wave</a>, according to a weather station (83910 LEZL) located in the southern part of Seville Airport, near the former US San Pablo Air Force Base. This temperature would be one of the highest ever recorded in Spain, yet it hasn't been officially confirmed.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The average sunshine hours in Seville are approximately 3000 per year. Snowfall is virtually unknown. Since the year 1500, only 10 snowfalls have been recorded/reported in Seville. During the 20th century, Seville registered just 2 snowfalls, the last one on 2 February 1954.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <ul><li>Winters are mild: December and January are the coolest months, with average maximum temperatures around 16 to 17 °C (61 to 63 °F) and minimums of 6 to 7 °C (43 to 45 °F).</li> <li>Summers are very hot: July and August are the hottest months, with average maximum temperatures around 35 to 36 °C (95 to 97 °F) and minimums of 20 to 21 °C (68 to 70 °F).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">Precipitation</a> varies from 500 to 600 mm (19.7 to 23.6 in) and there are around 50 rainy days per year, with frequent <a href="/wiki/Torrential_rain" class="mw-redirect" title="Torrential rain">torrential rain</a>. December is the wettest month, with an average rainfall of 99 millimetres (3.9 in).</li></ul> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Seville_Airport" title="Seville Airport">Seville Airport</a> (1991-2020) (Provisional normals), extremes (1941–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2 (75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0 (82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9 (91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.9 (98.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.0 (105.8) </td> <td style="background: #CB0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.2 (113.4) </td> <td style="background: #B80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.6 (115.9) </td> <td style="background: #C20000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.9 (114.6) </td> <td style="background: #D10000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.8 (112.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4 (99.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2 (88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5 (76.1) </td> <td style="background: #B80000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46.6 (115.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3 (61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3 (64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6 (70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0 (75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2 (82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9 (91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2 (97.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2 (97.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6 (88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3 (79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3 (68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9 (62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25.7 (78.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 (52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7 (54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6 (60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8 (64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6 (70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7 (78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5 (83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6 (83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0 (77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6 (69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2 (59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 (54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.6 (67.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 (42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 (44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 (49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 (52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9 (58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5 (65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7 (69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9 (69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4 (65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9 (58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 (50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 (45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.3 (56.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.4 (24.1) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.5 (22.1) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0 (28.4) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 (33.8) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8 (38.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 (47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 (52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 (53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 (47.5) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 (35.6) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4 (29.5) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.8 (23.4) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−5.5 (22.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.3 (2.22) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.2 (1.82) </td> <td style="background: #B9FFB9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.9 (1.85) </td> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.5 (2.03) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9 (1.33) </td> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 (0.23) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 (0.02) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 (0.10) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1 (1.30) </td> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.4 (2.97) </td> <td style="background: #8FFF8F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.6 (2.86) </td> <td style="background: #8BFF8B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.2 (3.04) </td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">502 (19.77) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) </th> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3 </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">50.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000FA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.8 </td> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62.0 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57.8 </td> <td style="background: #3B3BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51.1 </td> <td style="background: #5050FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.5 </td> <td style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.4 </td> <td style="background: #5050FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.6 </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54.1 </td> <td style="background: #0C0CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000EC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000D9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.5 </td> <td style="background: #1B1BFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">59.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">202.0 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">212.2 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">246.3 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">270.2 </td> <td style="background: #F4F419; color:#000000;" class="notheme">324.9 </td> <td style="background: #FEFE31; color:#000000;" class="notheme">357.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">388.1 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">364.3 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB04; color:#000000;" class="notheme">278.4 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">244.4 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">205.3 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">185.9 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,279.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Agencia_Estatal_de_Meteorologia" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia">Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia</a> (AEMET OpenData) for temperatures and precipitation<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a> for precipitation days, humidity and sunshine<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Seville_Airport" title="Seville Airport">Seville Airport</a> (1981–2010) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2 (61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1 (64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9 (71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4 (74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2 (81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2 (90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0 (96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5 (95.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7 (89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0 (78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2 (68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6 (61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25.4 (77.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 (51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5 (54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6 (60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3 (63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7 (69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1 (77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2 (82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9 (82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0 (77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2 (68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1 (59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 (53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.2 (66.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 (42.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 (44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 (48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 (52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2 (57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0 (64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3 (68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4 (68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2 (64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 (57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 (50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 (45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.0 (55.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66 (2.6) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 (2.0) </td> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 (1.4) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 (2.1) </td> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31 (1.2) </td> <td style="background: #EFFFEF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 (0.4) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 (0.1) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 (0.2) </td> <td style="background: #D5FFD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27 (1.1) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68 (2.7) </td> <td style="background: #72FF72; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91 (3.6) </td> <td style="background: #6BFF6B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99 (3.9) </td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">539 (21.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) </th> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4 </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">50.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">59 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">183 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">220 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">238 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC07; color:#000000;" class="notheme">293 </td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">317 </td> <td style="background: #FAFA29; color:#000000;" class="notheme">354 </td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">328 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">244 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">181 </td> <td style="background: #C5C502; color:#000000;" class="notheme">154 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,918 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Agencia_Estatal_de_Meteorolog%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Agencia Estatal de Meteorología">Agencia Estatal de Meteorología</a><a href="#cite_note-AEMET-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipal_government_and_administration">Municipal government and administration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Municipal government and administration">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/City_Council_of_Seville" title="City Council of Seville">City Council of Seville</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:15.06.13-Toma-7-_posesi%C3%B3n_Juan_Espadas_(18154377593).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/15.06.13-Toma-7-_posesi%C3%B3n_Juan_Espadas_%2818154377593%29.jpg/220px-15.06.13-Toma-7-_posesi%C3%B3n_Juan_Espadas_%2818154377593%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/15.06.13-Toma-7-_posesi%C3%B3n_Juan_Espadas_%2818154377593%29.jpg/330px-15.06.13-Toma-7-_posesi%C3%B3n_Juan_Espadas_%2818154377593%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/15.06.13-Toma-7-_posesi%C3%B3n_Juan_Espadas_%2818154377593%29.jpg/440px-15.06.13-Toma-7-_posesi%C3%B3n_Juan_Espadas_%2818154377593%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3280" /></a><figcaption>Plenary meeting of the municipal council in the <a href="/wiki/Casa_consistorial_de_Sevilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Casa consistorial de Sevilla">Seville's city hall</a>, seat of Ayuntamiento.</figcaption></figure> Seville is a <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Spain" title="Municipalities of Spain">municipality</a>, the basic level of local government in Spain. The <a href="/wiki/Ayuntamiento_(Spain)" title="Ayuntamiento (Spain)">Ayuntamiento</a> is the body charged with the municipal government and administration. The Plenary of the ayuntamiento is formed by 31 elected municipal councillors, who in turn invest the <a href="/wiki/Alcalde" title="Alcalde">mayor</a>. The <a href="/wiki/2023_Seville_City_Council_election" title="2023 Seville City Council election">last municipal election</a> took place on 28 May 2023. The current mayor is <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Sanz" title="José Luis Sanz">José Luis Sanz</a> (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">People's Party</a>), who has held the post since 17 June 2023. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_and_provincial_capital">Regional and provincial capital</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Regional and provincial capital">edit</a>]</div> Seville is the capital of the autonomous community of <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>, according to Article 4 of the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_Andalusia" title="Statute of Autonomy of Andalusia">Statute of Autonomy of Andalusia</a> of 2007, and is the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Seville" title="Province of Seville">Province of Seville</a> as well. The historical building of the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_San_Telmo" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace of San Telmo">Palace of San Telmo</a> is now the seat of the presidency of the <a href="/wiki/Andalusian_Autonomous_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Andalusian Autonomous Government">Andalusian Autonomous Government</a>. The administrative headquarters are in Torre Triana, in <a href="/wiki/La_Cartuja,_Seville" class="mw-redirect" title="La Cartuja, Seville">La Cartuja</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Hospital_de_las_Cinco_Llagas" title="Hospital de las Cinco Llagas">Hospital de las Cinco Llagas</a> (literally, "Hospital of the Five Holy Wounds") is the current seat of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Andalusia" title="Parliament of Andalusia">Parliament of Andalusia</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Districts_and_neighbourhoods">Districts and neighbourhoods</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Districts and neighbourhoods">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Districts_and_neighbourhoods_of_Seville" title="Districts and neighbourhoods of Seville">Districts and neighbourhoods of Seville</a></div> The municipal administration is decentralized into 11 districts, further divided into 108 neighbourhoods. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casco_Antiguo" title="Casco Antiguo">Casco Antiguo</a></li> <li>Distrito Sur</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triana,_Seville" title="Triana, Seville">Triana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarena,_Seville" title="Macarena, Seville">Macarena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nervi%C3%B3n,_Seville" title="Nervión, Seville">Nervión</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Remedios,_Seville" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Remedios, Seville">Los Remedios</a></li> <li>Este-Alcosa-Torreblanca</li> <li>Cerro-Amate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellavista-La_Palmera" title="Bellavista-La Palmera">Bellavista-La Palmera</a></li> <li>San Pablo-Santa Justa</li></ul> </div><a href="/wiki/File:Distritos_Sevilla.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Distritos_Sevilla.svg/574px-Distritos_Sevilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="574" height="511" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Distritos_Sevilla.svg/861px-Distritos_Sevilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Distritos_Sevilla.svg/1148px-Distritos_Sevilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="574" data-file-height="511" /></a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1842</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">100,498</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1857</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">112,529</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+12.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1860</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">118,298</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1877</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">133,247</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+12.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1887</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">143,840</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+7.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1897</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">145,728</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">147,271</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1910</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">153,258</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1920</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">205,723</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+34.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1930</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">217,788</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+5.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1940</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">302,300</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+38.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">374,138</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+23.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1960</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">441,869</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">545,692</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+23.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">645,817</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+18.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">683,028</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">684,633</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">698,042</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">684,340</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.0%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="/wiki/National_Statistics_Institute_(Spain)" title="National Statistics Institute (Spain)">National Statistics Institute</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></td></tr></tbody></table>As of the 2021 census, the population is 684,340, down 2% from 2011 after a long period of continuous growth. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sights">Main sights</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Main sights">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sights_and_landmarks_of_Seville" title="Sights and landmarks of Seville">Sights and landmarks of Seville</a></div> Seville is a big tourist centre in Spain. In 2018, there were over 2.5 million travellers and tourists who stayed at a tourist accommodation, placing it third in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona. The city has an overall low level of seasonality, so there are tourists year-round.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> There are many landmarks, museums, parks, gardens and other kinds of tourist spots around the city so there is something for everyone. The Alcázar, the cathedral, and the <a href="/wiki/General_Archive_of_the_Indies" title="General Archive of the Indies">General Archive of the Indies</a> are UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a>. Many of the city's most important sights and monuments are located in the historic centre (Casco Antiguo). To the north of the centre is the Macarena neighbourhood, which contains some important monuments and religious buildings, such as the Museum and Catholic Church of La Macarena or the <a href="/wiki/Hospital_de_las_Cinco_Llagas" title="Hospital de las Cinco Llagas">Hospital de las Cinco Llagas</a>. Across the river, on the west bank of the Guadalquivir, the neighbourhood of Triana had an important role in the history of the city. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Churches">Churches</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Churches">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giralda_de_Sevilla_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Giralda_de_Sevilla_5.jpg/180px-Giralda_de_Sevilla_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Giralda_de_Sevilla_5.jpg/270px-Giralda_de_Sevilla_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Giralda_de_Sevilla_5.jpg/360px-Giralda_de_Sevilla_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Giralda" title="Giralda">Giralda</a>, originally built by the <a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohads</a> as a minaret to the Great Mosque of Seville, is now the bell tower of the cathedral.</figcaption></figure> The Seville Cathedral, officially the Cathedral of Saint Mary of the See, is considered the largest Gothic cathedral in the world and one of the largest cathedrals in the world.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Incorporating parts of the city's former main mosque that was built under the Almohads in the 12th century, the current building is a massive Gothic structure begun after 1401 and finished in 1506, with additional reconstruction occurring between 1511 and 1519.<a href="#cite_note-Hourihane-2012-102">[102]</a> The church contains a number of important tombs, including one of the two claimed burial places of Christopher Columbus,<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> as well as many important artworks, including the largest <a href="/wiki/Retable" title="Retable">retable</a> (altarpiece) in Spain.<a href="#cite_note-Hourihane-2012-102">[102]</a> A number of later additions, mostly in <a href="/wiki/Plateresque" title="Plateresque">Plateresque</a> or <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance style">Renaissance style</a>, were added around the outside of the Gothic structure after its initial construction.<a href="#cite_note-Hourihane-2012-102">[102]</a> One of the city's most prominent landmarks is the cathedral's bell tower, the <a href="/wiki/Giralda" title="Giralda">Giralda</a>, formerly the minaret of the Almohad mosque. The minaret's main shaft is a little over 50 meters tall. The tower was further heightened in the 16th century by the addition of a large Renaissance-style <a href="/wiki/Belfry_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belfry (architecture)">belfry</a>, which brings its total height to around 95 or 96 meters.<a href="#cite_note-Sanchez-2022-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-Solis-2012-105">[105]</a> The top of the tower is crowned by the Giraldillo, a cast bronze <a href="/wiki/Weather_vane" title="Weather vane">weather vane</a> sculpture, from which the name "Giralda" is derived.<a href="#cite_note-Solis-2012-105">[105]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_San_Salvador_(Seville)" title="Church of San Salvador (Seville)">Church of San Salvador</a>, located at Plaza de San Salvador, is the second largest church in the city after the cathedral. Originally converted from the city's oldest mosque, it was rebuilt in <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> form in the 17th century and was the city's only <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_church" title="Collegiate church">collegiate church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wunder-2017-106">[106]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Louis_of_France" title="Church of Saint Louis of France">Church of Saint Louis of France</a>, built between 1699 and 1731 and designed by <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_de_Figueroa" title="Leonardo de Figueroa">Leonardo de Figueroa</a>, represents another example of Baroque architecture.<a href="#cite_note-Wunder-2017-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-Konemann-2013-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palaces_and_mansions">Palaces and mansions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Palaces and mansions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sal%C3%B3n_de_Embajadores,_Real_Alc%C3%A1zar_de_Sevilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sal%C3%B3n_de_Embajadores%2C_Real_Alc%C3%A1zar_de_Sevilla.jpg/220px-Sal%C3%B3n_de_Embajadores%2C_Real_Alc%C3%A1zar_de_Sevilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sal%C3%B3n_de_Embajadores%2C_Real_Alc%C3%A1zar_de_Sevilla.jpg/330px-Sal%C3%B3n_de_Embajadores%2C_Real_Alc%C3%A1zar_de_Sevilla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sal%C3%B3n_de_Embajadores%2C_Real_Alc%C3%A1zar_de_Sevilla.jpg/440px-Sal%C3%B3n_de_Embajadores%2C_Real_Alc%C3%A1zar_de_Sevilla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3059" data-file-height="4079" /></a><figcaption>The Salón de Embajadores in the <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar_of_Seville" title="Alcázar of Seville">Alcázar of Seville</a></figcaption></figure> To the south of the cathedral, the Alcázar is a sprawling palace and garden complex which served as the city's center of power. The site was occupied since ancient times but was located outside the Roman city walls.<a href="#cite_note-Bloom-2009-108">[108]</a> The current palace complex was founded in the 10th century as a governor's palace, then expanded in the 11th century when it became the palace of the Abbadid rulers. Some limited parts of the palace still date from its 12th-century expansion under Almohad rule, but most of the site was redeveloped after the Christian conquest of the city in the 13th century. A major construction campaign took place in the 1360s under Pedro I, who constructed a new palace in Mudéjar style, aided in part by craftsmen from Granada. Richly-decorated chambers and courtyards date from this period, such as the Patio de las Doncellas and the Salón de Embajadores.<a href="#cite_note-Bloom-2009-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Further additions took place under the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs_of_Spain" title="Catholic Monarchs of Spain">Catholic Monarchs</a> in Renaissance style, which continued under the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Habsburgs</a>. The extensive gardens were also redesigned in this style and then further developed in the 17th century.<a href="#cite_note-Hourihane-2012-102">[102]</a> The palace has been used as a filming location for various productions, including <a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones" title="Game of Thrones">Game of Thrones</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_Pilatos_5384865645_1642bfa658_o.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Casa_Pilatos_5384865645_1642bfa658_o.jpg/180px-Casa_Pilatos_5384865645_1642bfa658_o.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Casa_Pilatos_5384865645_1642bfa658_o.jpg/270px-Casa_Pilatos_5384865645_1642bfa658_o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Casa_Pilatos_5384865645_1642bfa658_o.jpg/360px-Casa_Pilatos_5384865645_1642bfa658_o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4272" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Pilatos" title="Casa de Pilatos">Casa de Pilatos</a></figcaption></figure>The <a href="/wiki/Archbishop%27s_Palace,_Seville" title="Archbishop's Palace, Seville">Archbishop's Palace</a> stands over the site of the former <a href="/wiki/Roman_baths" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman baths">Roman baths</a> of the city. The property was originally donated by Ferdinand III to Bishop Don Remondo in 1251, but the current building was built in the second half of the 16th century, followed by later additions. Its Baroque doorway was completed in 1704 by Lorenzo Fernándes de Iglesias.<a href="#cite_note-Navarro_Rivas-2005d-111">[111]</a> A number of other houses and wealthy mansions have been preserved across the city since the 16th century.<a href="#cite_note-Navarro_Rivas-2005f-112">[112]</a> Among the most famous is the <a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Pilatos" title="Casa de Pilatos">Casa de Pilatos</a> ('House of Pilate'), an aristocratic mansion blending multiple architectural styles. The house, bought by the Enriquez de Ribera family in 1483,<a href="#cite_note-Wunder-2003-113">[113]</a> has a typical courtyard plan but mixes older <a href="/wiki/Isabelline_(architectural_style)" title="Isabelline (architectural style)">Isabelline</a> and Mudéjar decoration with later Renaissance elements.<a href="#cite_note-Anderson-2013-114">[114]</a> After Don Fadrique Enriquez de Ribera returned from a pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1520, he commissioned a stone <a href="/wiki/Portal_(architecture)" title="Portal (architecture)">portal</a> at the entrance of the family mansion. The portal became the starting point for the <a href="/wiki/Via_Crucis_to_the_Cruz_del_Campo" title="Via Crucis to the Cruz del Campo">Via Crucis to the Cruz del Campo</a>, and later writers claimed it was modeled on the doorway of the house of <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a> in the Holy Land, thus earning the house its current name.<a href="#cite_note-Anderson-2013-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wunder-2003-113">[113]</a> Other historic mansions include the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Countess_of_Lebrija" title="Palace of the Countess of Lebrija">Palace of the Countess of Lebrija</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_las_Due%C3%B1as" title="Palacio de las Dueñas">Palacio de las Dueñas</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Casa_de_los_Pinelo" title="Casa de los Pinelo">Casa de los Pinelos</a>. The Casa del Rey Moro is considered the oldest in Seville, with its origins dated to the 15th century.<a href="#cite_note-Navarro_Rivas-2005c-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fortifications">Fortifications</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Fortifications">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torre_del_Oro_Guadalquivir_Seville_Spain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Torre_del_Oro_Guadalquivir_Seville_Spain.jpg/180px-Torre_del_Oro_Guadalquivir_Seville_Spain.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Torre_del_Oro_Guadalquivir_Seville_Spain.jpg/270px-Torre_del_Oro_Guadalquivir_Seville_Spain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Torre_del_Oro_Guadalquivir_Seville_Spain.jpg/360px-Torre_del_Oro_Guadalquivir_Seville_Spain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="3011" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Torre_del_Oro" title="Torre del Oro">Torre del Oro</a> is another example of <a href="/wiki/Almohad_architecture" title="Almohad architecture">Almohad architecture</a> in the city</figcaption></figure>The <a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Seville" title="Walls of Seville">city walls of Seville</a> were first built in ancient times on the orders of <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Navarro_Rivas-2005b-116">[116]</a> After the Viking attack on the city in 844, the walls were rebuilt on the orders of <a href="/wiki/Abd_ar-Rahman_II" title="Abd ar-Rahman II">Abd ar-Rahman II</a>. They were expanded under the Almoravids in 1126 and in 1221 the Almohads added a moat and a second outer line of walls. Most of the walls were demolished after 1861 to reduce restrictions on urban development, but a significant portion of the northern walls can still be seen today.<a href="#cite_note-Navarro_Rivas-2005b-116">[116]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Torre_del_Oro" title="Torre del Oro">Torre del Oro</a> is an Almohad defensive tower dating to 1220–1221. The tower was integrated into the city's defensive system and protected the city's harbour, along with another tower across the river. Between the bases of the two towers a chain could be raised to block ships and prevent entry into the port.<a href="#cite_note-Bennison-2016-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civic_buildings_and_other_monuments">Civic buildings and other monuments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Civic buildings and other monuments">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:H%C3%B4tel_Ville_-_S%C3%A9ville_(ES61)_-_2023-04-24_-_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/H%C3%B4tel_Ville_-_S%C3%A9ville_%28ES61%29_-_2023-04-24_-_14.jpg/220px-H%C3%B4tel_Ville_-_S%C3%A9ville_%28ES61%29_-_2023-04-24_-_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/H%C3%B4tel_Ville_-_S%C3%A9ville_%28ES61%29_-_2023-04-24_-_14.jpg/330px-H%C3%B4tel_Ville_-_S%C3%A9ville_%28ES61%29_-_2023-04-24_-_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/H%C3%B4tel_Ville_-_S%C3%A9ville_%28ES61%29_-_2023-04-24_-_14.jpg/440px-H%C3%B4tel_Ville_-_S%C3%A9ville_%28ES61%29_-_2023-04-24_-_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The 16th-century Plateresque façade of the <a href="/wiki/Seville_City_Hall" title="Seville City Hall">City Hall</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Seville_City_Hall" title="Seville City Hall">City Hall</a> (Ayuntamiento) was begun by architect <a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Ria%C3%B1o" title="Diego de Riaño">Diego de Riaño</a>, who worked on it between 1527 and 1534 and designed the eastern façade on Plaza de San Francisco, a highlight of the Plateresque style.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-Navarro_Rivas-2005-119">[119]</a> He was succeeded by other architects, including <a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Ruiz_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Hernán Ruiz II">Hernan Ruiz II</a> after 1560, who added a double-arched <a href="/wiki/Loggia" title="Loggia">loggia</a> on the western façade.<a href="#cite_note-Navarro_Rivas-2005-119">[119]</a> The Royal Prison originally stood nearby, where Cervantes was imprisoned and where it is believed he was inspired to write <a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote">Don Quixote</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Navarro_Rivas-2005-119">[119]</a> In 1840, the nearby Convent of San Francisco was demolished and replaced by the present-day Plaza Nueva in 1854. After this, the city hall's was partly remodeled by Demetrio de los Ríos and Balbino Marrón. It was given a new western façade in <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> style, completed in 1867.<a href="#cite_note-Navarro_Rivas-2005-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> The General Archive of the Indies (Archivo General de Indias), located between the Cathedral and the Alcázar, is the repository of valuable archival documents relating to the Spanish Empire in the Americas and the Philippines up to 1760.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> The building itself was designed in a <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Renaissance_architecture" title="Spanish Renaissance architecture">Spanish Renaissance style</a> in 1572 by <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Herrera" title="Juan de Herrera">Juan de Herrera</a> to house the merchants' guild. Construction began in the 1580s and was not finished until 1646. The building was converted into the new Archive of the Indies in 1785.<a href="#cite_note-Hamann-2022-122">[122]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palacio_de_San_Telmo_(portada).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Palacio_de_San_Telmo_%28portada%29.jpg/220px-Palacio_de_San_Telmo_%28portada%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Palacio_de_San_Telmo_%28portada%29.jpg/330px-Palacio_de_San_Telmo_%28portada%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Palacio_de_San_Telmo_%28portada%29.jpg/440px-Palacio_de_San_Telmo_%28portada%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>The 18th-century Baroque portal of the <a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_San_Telmo" title="Palacio de San Telmo">Palacio de San Telmo</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_San_Telmo" title="Palacio de San Telmo">Palacio de San Telmo</a> was originally a naval college established in 1671. Between 1722 and 1735 the building was completed by Leonardo de Figueroa and his son Matías, who designed its present-day façade, one of the most important monuments of Baroque architecture in Andalusia.<a href="#cite_note-Konemann-2013-107">[107]</a> The building now serves as the seat for the <a href="/wiki/Andalusian_Autonomous_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Andalusian Autonomous Government">Andalusian Autonomous Government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Tobacco_Factory" title="Royal Tobacco Factory">Royal Tobacco Factory</a> (Real Fábrica de Tabacos), located near the Palacio de San Telmo, was built between 1728 and 1771. It was designed in a Baroque style by Sebastian van der Borcht.<a href="#cite_note-Konemann-2013-107">[107]</a> It replaced an earlier <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a> factory built in 1687, which in turn had replaced Seville's first tobacco factory, San Pedro, which opened in a former women's penitentiary in 1620.<a href="#cite_note-Gately-2007-124">[124]</a> Upon completion, the new factory was the largest industrial building in the world and included its own chapel and its own prison, and operated under its own laws.<a href="#cite_note-Gately-2007-124">[124]</a> The city's <a href="/wiki/Bullring" title="Bullring">bullring</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Maestranza_(Seville)" title="Maestranza (Seville)">Real Maestranza</a>, was designed in 1761 by Vicente San Martin. Its Baroque façade was completed in 1787 but the rest of the building was only completed in 1881.<a href="#cite_note-Navarro_Rivas-2005e-125">[125]</a> The venue can accommodate 14,000 spectators.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> The Metropol Parasol, in La Encarnación square, is the world's largest wooden structure.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> A monumental umbrella-like building designed by the German architect <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Mayer_(architect)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jürgen Mayer (architect)">Jürgen Mayer</a>, finished in 2011. This modern architecture structure houses the central market and an underground archaeological complex. The terrace roof is a city viewpoint.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parque_de_María_Luisa">Parque de María Luisa</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Parque de María Luisa">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glorieta_de_los_hermanos_%C3%81lvarez_Quintero_5.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Glorieta_de_los_hermanos_%C3%81lvarez_Quintero_5.JPG/220px-Glorieta_de_los_hermanos_%C3%81lvarez_Quintero_5.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Glorieta_de_los_hermanos_%C3%81lvarez_Quintero_5.JPG/330px-Glorieta_de_los_hermanos_%C3%81lvarez_Quintero_5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Glorieta_de_los_hermanos_%C3%81lvarez_Quintero_5.JPG/440px-Glorieta_de_los_hermanos_%C3%81lvarez_Quintero_5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Tiled fountain in <a href="/wiki/Parque_de_Mar%C3%ADa_Luisa" title="Parque de María Luisa">Parque de María Luisa</a></figcaption></figure> The sprawling Parque de María Luisa (María Luisa Park) was designed by architect Aníbal González for the 1929 Ibero-American Exposition. The park includes two major plazas, the Plaza de España and the Plaza de América, and several monuments and museums. They include outstanding examples of regionalist <a href="/wiki/Revival_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Revival architecture">Revival architecture</a>, a mix of <a href="/wiki/Neo-Mud%C3%A9jar" title="Neo-Mudéjar">Neo-Mudéjar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neo-renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-renaissance">Neo-Renaissance</a>, lavishly ornamented with typical glazed tiles.<a href="#cite_note-Quintero-2011-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-sevilla1-130">[130]</a> At the park's north end, the semi-circular Plaza de España is marked by tall towers and a series of benches covered in painted tiles dedicated to each of the 48 <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">provinces of Spain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Quintero-2011-129">[129]</a> The location has been used in the filming of several movies.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> At the southern end of the park, the Plaza de América is flanked by three structures emulating different historical styles: the Royal Pavilion has Gothic features, the Mudéjar Pavilion has a Mudéjar style, and the Bellas Artes Pavilion has a Renaissance style. The two latter pavilions are each used as museums today.<a href="#cite_note-Navarro_Rivas-2005a-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-Quintero-2011-129">[129]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:708px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Sevilla_Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a_19-03-2011_13-36-19.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plaza de España, panoramic view."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sevilla_Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a_19-03-2011_13-36-19.jpg/700px-Sevilla_Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a_19-03-2011_13-36-19.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sevilla_Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a_19-03-2011_13-36-19.jpg/1050px-Sevilla_Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a_19-03-2011_13-36-19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sevilla_Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a_19-03-2011_13-36-19.jpg/1400px-Sevilla_Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a_19-03-2011_13-36-19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6291" data-file-height="2484" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Sevilla_Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a_19-03-2011_13-36-19.jpg" title="File:Sevilla Plaza de España 19-03-2011 13-36-19.jpg"> </a></div><a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a_(Seville)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaza de España (Seville)">Plaza de España</a>, panoramic view.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Museums">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Seville" title="Special:EditPage/Seville">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (June 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%A9villa,_Spain,_2014_(52).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/S%C3%A9villa%2C_Spain%2C_2014_%2852%29.JPG/170px-S%C3%A9villa%2C_Spain%2C_2014_%2852%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/S%C3%A9villa%2C_Spain%2C_2014_%2852%29.JPG/255px-S%C3%A9villa%2C_Spain%2C_2014_%2852%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/S%C3%A9villa%2C_Spain%2C_2014_%2852%29.JPG/340px-S%C3%A9villa%2C_Spain%2C_2014_%2852%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts_of_Seville" title="Museum of Fine Arts of Seville">Museum of Fine Arts of Seville</a></figcaption></figure> The most important art collection of Seville is the Museum of Fine Arts of Seville. It was established in 1835 in the former Convent of La Merced. It holds many masterworks by <a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo" title="Bartolomé Esteban Murillo">Murillo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Pacheco" title="Francisco Pacheco">Pacheco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zurbar%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurbarán">Zurbarán</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vald%C3%A9s_Leal" class="mw-redirect" title="Valdés Leal">Valdés Leal</a>, and others masters of the Baroque Sevillian School, containing also Flemish paintings of the 15th and 16th centuries.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pabell%C3%B3n_Mud%C3%A9jar_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Pabell%C3%B3n_Mud%C3%A9jar_001.jpg/220px-Pabell%C3%B3n_Mud%C3%A9jar_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Pabell%C3%B3n_Mud%C3%A9jar_001.jpg/330px-Pabell%C3%B3n_Mud%C3%A9jar_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Pabell%C3%B3n_Mud%C3%A9jar_001.jpg/440px-Pabell%C3%B3n_Mud%C3%A9jar_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Arts_and_Traditions_of_Sevilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Arts and Traditions of Sevilla">Museum of Arts and Traditions</a></figcaption></figure>Other museums in Seville are: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Archeological_Museum_of_Seville" title="Archeological Museum of Seville">Archeological Museum of Seville</a>, which contains collections from the <a href="/wiki/Tartessos" title="Tartessos">Tartessian</a>, Roman, Almohad, and Christian periods. It is located at Plaza América in Parque de María Luisa.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Arts_and_Popular_Customs_of_Seville" title="Museum of Arts and Popular Customs of Seville">Museum of Arts and Popular Customs of Seville</a>, also in Plaza América, across from the Archaeological Museum.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Santa_Maria_de_las_Cuevas" title="Monastery of Santa Maria de las Cuevas">Andalusian Contemporary Art Centre</a>, situated in the neighbourhood of <a href="/wiki/La_Cartuja,_Seville" class="mw-redirect" title="La Cartuja, Seville">La Cartuja</a>.</li> <li>The Naval Museum, housed in the Torre del Oro, next to the River Guadalquivir.</li> <li>The Carriages Museum, in the Los Remedios neighbourhood.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a> Art Museum</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bullfighting" title="Bullfighting">Bullfighting</a> Museum, in the Maestranza bullring.</li> <li>The Palace of the Countess of Lebrija, a private collection that contains many of the mosaic floors discovered in the nearby Roman town of Italica.</li> <li>The Centro <a href="/wiki/Vel%C3%A1zquez" class="mw-redirect" title="Velázquez">Velázquez</a> (Velázquez Centre) located at the Old Priests Hospital in the touristic Santa Cruz neighbourhood.</li> <li>The Antiquarium in Metropol Parasol, an underground museum which is composed of the most important archaeological site of the ancient Roman stage of Seville and remains preserved.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Castle_of_San_Jorge" title="Castle of San Jorge">Castillo de San Jorge</a> (Castle of St. George) is situated near the Triana market, next to the Isabel II bridge. It was the last seat for the Spanish Inquisition.</li> <li>The Museum and Treasure of La Macarena, where the collection of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermandad_de_la_Esperanza_Macarena_(Seville)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermandad de la Esperanza Macarena (Seville) (page does not exist)">Macarena brotherhood</a> is exhibited. This exhibition gives visitors an accurate impression of Seville's <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Seville" title="Holy Week in Seville">Holy Week</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Casa_de_la_Ciencia" title="La Casa de la Ciencia">La Casa de la Ciencia</a> (The House of Science), a science centre and museum opposite the María Luisa Park.</li> <li>Museum of Pottery in Triana.</li> <li>Pabellon de la Navegación (Pavilion of Navigation).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_parks_and_gardens">Other parks and gardens</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Other parks and gardens">edit</a>]</div> In addition to the large Parque de María Luisa, the city contains other parks and gardens, including: <ul><li>The Alcázar Gardens, within the grounds of the Alcázar palace, consist of several sectors developed in different historical styles.</li> <li>The Gardens of Murillo and the Gardens of Catalina de Ribera, both along and outside the south wall of the Alcázar, lie next to the Santa Cruz quarter.</li> <li>The Parque del Alamillo y San Jerónimo, the largest park in Andalusia, was originally built for <a href="/wiki/Seville_Expo_%2792" title="Seville Expo '92">Seville Expo '92</a> to reproduce the Andalusian native flora. It lines both Guadalquivir shores around the San Jerónimo <a href="/wiki/Meander" title="Meander">meander</a>. The 32-metres-high bronze sculpture, <a href="/wiki/Birth_of_a_New_Man" title="Birth of a New Man">The Birth of a New Man</a> (popularly known as Columbus's Egg, el Huevo de Colón), by the Georgian sculptor <a href="/wiki/Zurab_Tsereteli" title="Zurab Tsereteli">Zurab Tsereteli</a>,<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> is located in its northwestern sector.</li> <li>The American Garden, also completed for Expo '92, is in <a href="/wiki/La_Cartuja" class="mw-redirect" title="La Cartuja">La Cartuja</a>. It is a public botanical garden, with a representative collection of American plants donated by different countries on the occasion of the world exposition. Despite its extraordinary botanical value, it remains a mostly abandoned place.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Buhaira_Gardens" title="Buhaira Gardens">Buhaira Gardens</a>, also historically known as the Huerta del Rey, are a public park and historic site, originally created as a garden estate during the Almohad period (12th century).<a href="#cite_note-Turismo_Sevilla-2022-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-Arnold-2017-135">[135]</a>: 211 </li></ul> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:708px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Sevilla_Alcazar_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Alcázar Gardens"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Sevilla_Alcazar_03.jpg/700px-Sevilla_Alcazar_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Sevilla_Alcazar_03.jpg/1050px-Sevilla_Alcazar_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Sevilla_Alcazar_03.jpg/1400px-Sevilla_Alcazar_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6468" data-file-height="2346" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Sevilla_Alcazar_03.jpg" title="File:Sevilla Alcazar 03.jpg"> </a></div>The Alcázar Gardens</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatres">Theatres</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Theatres">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sevilla_Casino_de_la_Exposici%C3%B3n.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Sevilla_Casino_de_la_Exposici%C3%B3n.jpg/170px-Sevilla_Casino_de_la_Exposici%C3%B3n.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Sevilla_Casino_de_la_Exposici%C3%B3n.jpg/255px-Sevilla_Casino_de_la_Exposici%C3%B3n.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Sevilla_Casino_de_la_Exposici%C3%B3n.jpg/340px-Sevilla_Casino_de_la_Exposici%C3%B3n.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lope_de_Vega_Theatre_(Seville)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lope de Vega Theatre (Seville)">Teatro Lope de Vega</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Lope_de_Vega_Theatre_(Seville)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lope de Vega Theatre (Seville)">Teatro Lope de Vega</a> is located on Avenida de María Luisa avenue (next to Parque de María Luisa). It was built in 1929, being its architect <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Traver_y_Tom%C3%A1s" title="Vicente Traver y Tomás">Vicente Traver y Tomás</a>. It was the auditorium of the pavilion of the city in the Ibero-American Exhibition. This pavilion had a large room that became the Casino of the Exhibition. The theatre occupied an area of 4600 m2 and could accommodate 1100 viewers. Its architecture is <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Baroque_architecture" title="Spanish Baroque architecture">Spanish Baroque Revival</a>, being the building faithful to this style both in the set and in its ornamentation. It has hosted varied performances, including theater, dance, opera, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">flamenco</a> and nowadays the most outstanding of the panorama is its programming national and international, becoming one of the most important theatres in Spain.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Other important theatres are <a href="/wiki/Teatro_de_la_Maestranza" title="Teatro de la Maestranza">Teatro de la Maestranza</a>, Auditorio Rocío Jurado and Teatro Central. Seville also has a <a href="/wiki/Corral_de_comedias" title="Corral de comedias">corral de comedias</a> theatre, which is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corral_del_Coliseo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corral del Coliseo (page does not exist)">Corral del Coliseo</a>, now used as a residential building. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Festivals">edit</a>]</div> There are many entertainment options around the city of Seville and one of its biggest attractions is the numerous festivals that happen around the year. Some of the festivals concentrate on religion and culture, others focus on the folklore of the area, traditions, and entertainment.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Holy_Week_in_Seville">Holy Week in Seville</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Holy Week in Seville">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Seville" title="Holy Week in Seville">Holy Week in Seville</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cruz_de_guia_macarena_2019An004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cruz_de_guia_macarena_2019An004.jpg/220px-Cruz_de_guia_macarena_2019An004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cruz_de_guia_macarena_2019An004.jpg/330px-Cruz_de_guia_macarena_2019An004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cruz_de_guia_macarena_2019An004.jpg/440px-Cruz_de_guia_macarena_2019An004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Guiding cross of the cofradía of La Macarena as it passes through the Street of Fray Luis Sotelo.</figcaption></figure> Semana Santa is celebrated all over Spain and Latin America, but the celebration in Seville is large and well known as a Fiesta of International Tourist Interest. 54 local brotherhoods,<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> or "cofradías", organize floats and processions throughout the week, reenacting the story of the Passion of Christ. There is traditional music and art incorporated into the processions, making Semana Santa an important source of both material and immaterial Sevillian cultural identity.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bienal_de_Flamenco">Bienal de Flamenco</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Bienal de Flamenco">edit</a>]</div> Seville is home to the bi-annual flamenco festival La Bienal, which claims to be "the biggest flamenco event worldwide" and lasts for nearly a month.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Velá_de_Santiago_y_Santa_Ana">Velá de Santiago y Santa Ana</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Velá de Santiago y Santa Ana">edit</a>]</div> In the district of Triana, the Velá de Santiago y Santa Ana is held every July and includes sporting events, performances, and cultural activities as the city honors St. James and St. Ana.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Feria_de_Abril">Feria de Abril</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Feria de Abril">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Seville_Fair" title="Seville Fair">Seville Fair</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:17401532982_c1e3546763_o_feria_de_abril_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/17401532982_c1e3546763_o_feria_de_abril_2012.jpg/220px-17401532982_c1e3546763_o_feria_de_abril_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/17401532982_c1e3546763_o_feria_de_abril_2012.jpg/330px-17401532982_c1e3546763_o_feria_de_abril_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/17401532982_c1e3546763_o_feria_de_abril_2012.jpg/440px-17401532982_c1e3546763_o_feria_de_abril_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="795" /></a><figcaption>Casetas in the 2012 <a href="/wiki/Seville_Fair" title="Seville Fair">Feria de Abril</a></figcaption></figure> The April Fair (Feria de Abril) is a huge celebration that takes place in Seville about two weeks after the Holy Week. It was previously associated with celebrating livestock; however, nowadays its purpose is to create a fun cheerful environment tied to the appreciation of the Spanish folklore.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> During the Feria, families, businesses, and organisations set up casetas (<a href="/wiki/Tent#Marquees_and_larger_tents" title="Tent">marquees</a>) in which they spend the week dancing, drinking, and socialising. Traditionally, women wear elaborate flamenco dresses and men dress in their best suits. The marquees are set up on a permanent fairground in the district of Los Remedios,<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> in which each street is named after a famous bullfighter. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Salón_Náutico_Internacional_de_Sevilla">Salón Náutico Internacional de Sevilla</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Salón Náutico Internacional de Sevilla">edit</a>]</div> The International Boat Show of Seville is an annual event that takes place in the only inland maritime port of the country, which is one of the most important in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Triana_-_Billboard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Triana_-_Billboard.jpg/220px-Triana_-_Billboard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Triana_-_Billboard.jpg/330px-Triana_-_Billboard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Triana_-_Billboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="316" /></a><figcaption>Hailing from Seville, <a href="/wiki/Triana_(band)" title="Triana (band)">Triana</a> is considered as the benchmark of flamenco rock and as the founding fathers of rock andaluz.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a></figcaption></figure> Seville had a vibrant rock music scene in the 1970s and 1980s<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> with bands like <a href="/wiki/Triana_(band)" title="Triana (band)">Triana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alameda_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alameda (band) (page does not exist)">Alameda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smash_(British_band)" title="Smash (British band)">Smash</a>, who fused Andalusia's traditional flamenco music with British-style progressive rock. The punk rock group <a href="/wiki/Reincidentes" title="Reincidentes">Reincidentes</a> and indie band <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sr_Chinarro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sr Chinarro (page does not exist)">Sr Chinarro</a>, as well as singer <a href="/wiki/Kiko_Veneno" title="Kiko Veneno">Kiko Veneno</a>, rose to prominence in the early 1990s. The city's music scene now features rap acts such as <a href="/wiki/SFDK_(band)" title="SFDK (band)">SFDK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mala_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Mala Rodríguez">Mala Rodríguez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dareysteel" title="Dareysteel">Dareysteel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tote_King" title="Tote King">Tote King</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dogma_Crew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dogma Crew (page does not exist)">Dogma Crew</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bisley_DeMarra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bisley DeMarra (page does not exist)">Bisley DeMarra</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haze_(MC)" class="extiw" title="es:Haze (MC)">Haze</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesuly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jesuly (page does not exist)">Jesuly</a>. Seville's diverse music scene is reflected in the variety of its club-centred nightlife. The city is also home to many theatres and performance spaces where classical music is performed, including <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Lope_de_Vega,_Seville" class="mw-redirect" title="Teatro Lope de Vega, Seville">Teatro Lope de Vega</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teatro_La_Maestranza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teatro La Maestranza (page does not exist)">Teatro La Maestranza</a>, Teatro Central, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Real_Alcazar_Gardens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Real Alcazar Gardens (page does not exist)">Real Alcazar Gardens</a> and the Sala Joaquín Turina. Despite its name, the <a href="/wiki/Sevillana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sevillana">sevillana</a> dance, commonly presented as flamenco, is not thought to be of Sevillan origin. However, the folksongs called <a href="/wiki/Sevillanas" title="Sevillanas">sevillanas</a> are authentically Sevillan, as is the four-part dance performed with them. On 19 November 2023, Seville hosted the <a href="/wiki/24th_Annual_Latin_Grammy_Awards" title="24th Annual Latin Grammy Awards">24th Annual Latin Grammy Awards</a> at the <a href="/wiki/FIBES_Conference_and_Exhibition_Centre" title="FIBES Conference and Exhibition Centre">FIBES Conference and Exhibition Centre</a>, making Seville the first city outside of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> to host the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Awards" title="Latin Grammy Awards">Latin Grammy Awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Flamenco">Flamenco</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Flamenco">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:8714202852_f852db384b_o_feria_de_abril.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/8714202852_f852db384b_o_feria_de_abril.jpg/170px-8714202852_f852db384b_o_feria_de_abril.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/8714202852_f852db384b_o_feria_de_abril.jpg/255px-8714202852_f852db384b_o_feria_de_abril.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/8714202852_f852db384b_o_feria_de_abril.jpg/340px-8714202852_f852db384b_o_feria_de_abril.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1780" /></a><figcaption>Flamenco costume during <a href="/wiki/Seville_Fair" title="Seville Fair">Seville Fair</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Triana,_Seville" title="Triana, Seville">Triana</a> district in Seville is considered a birthplace of flamenco, where it found its beginning as an expression of the poor and marginalized. Seville's Gypsy population, known as Flamencos, were instrumental in the development of the art form. While it began as and remains a representation of Andalusian culture, it has also become a national heritage symbol of Spain.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> There are more flamenco artists in Seville than anywhere else in the country, supporting an entire industry surrounding it and drawing in a significant amount of tourism for the city.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gastronomy">Gastronomy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Gastronomy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gazpacho_Cazuela_Barro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Gazpacho_Cazuela_Barro.jpg/220px-Gazpacho_Cazuela_Barro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Gazpacho_Cazuela_Barro.jpg/330px-Gazpacho_Cazuela_Barro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Gazpacho_Cazuela_Barro.jpg/440px-Gazpacho_Cazuela_Barro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>Andalusian <a href="/wiki/Gazpacho" title="Gazpacho">Gazpacho</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Tapas" title="Tapas">tapas</a> scene is one of the main cultural attractions of the city: people go from one bar to another, enjoying small dishes called tapas (literally "lids" or "covers" in Spanish, referring to their probable origin as snacks served on small plates used to cover drinks). Local specialities include fried and grilled seafood (including <a href="/wiki/Squid" title="Squid">squid</a>, choco (<a href="/wiki/Cuttlefish" title="Cuttlefish">cuttlefish</a>), <a href="/wiki/Swordfish" title="Swordfish">swordfish</a>, marinated <a href="/wiki/Squalidae" title="Squalidae">dogfish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Snakelocks_anemone#Gastronomy" title="Snakelocks anemone">ortiguillas</a>), grilled and stewed meat, <a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">spinach</a> with <a href="/wiki/Chickpea" title="Chickpea">chickpeas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jam%C3%B3n_ib%C3%A9rico" title="Jamón ibérico">Jamón ibérico</a>, lamb kidneys in sherry sauce, <a href="/wiki/Land_snail#Snails_as_human_food" title="Land snail">snails</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puchero" title="Puchero">caldo de puchero</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gazpacho" title="Gazpacho">gazpacho</a>. A sandwich known as a <a href="/wiki/Serranito" title="Serranito">serranito</a> is the typical and popular version of fast food. Typical desserts from Seville include pestiños, a honey-coated sweet fritter; torrijas, fried slices of bread with honey; roscos fritos, deep-fried sugar-coated ring doughnuts; magdalenas or fairy cakes; yemas de San Leandro, [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] which provide the city's <a href="/wiki/Convent" title="Convent">convents</a> with a source of revenue; and <a href="/wiki/Tortas_de_aceite" title="Tortas de aceite">tortas de aceite</a>, a thin sugar-coated cake made with olive oil. Polvorones and mantecados are traditional Christmas products, whereas pestiños and torrijas are typically consumed during the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Seville" title="Holy Week in Seville">Holy Week</a>. Bitter <a href="/wiki/Seville_orange" class="mw-redirect" title="Seville orange">Seville oranges</a> grow on trees lining the city streets. Large quantities are collected and exported to Britain to be used in <a href="/wiki/Marmalade" title="Marmalade">marmalade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> Locally, the fruit is used predominantly in aromatherapy, herbal medicine, and dietary diet products, rather than as a foodstuff.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> According to legend, the Arabs brought the bitter orange to Seville from East Asia via Iraq around the 10th century to beautify and perfume their patios and gardens, as well as to provide shade.<a href="#cite_note-Nash200514-158">[158]</a> The flowers of the tree are a source of <a href="/wiki/Neroli_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Neroli oil">neroli oil</a>, commonly used in <a href="/wiki/Perfumery" class="mw-redirect" title="Perfumery">perfumery</a> and in skin lotions for massage. In 2021, the municipal water company, Emasesa, began a pilot scheme to use the methane produced as the fruit ferments to generate clean electricity. The company plans to use 35 tonnes of fruit to generate clean energy to power one of the city's water purification plants.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avenida_de_la_Constitucion_Sevilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Avenida_de_la_Constitucion_Sevilla.jpg/240px-Avenida_de_la_Constitucion_Sevilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Avenida_de_la_Constitucion_Sevilla.jpg/360px-Avenida_de_la_Constitucion_Sevilla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Avenida_de_la_Constitucion_Sevilla.jpg/480px-Avenida_de_la_Constitucion_Sevilla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4620" data-file-height="3082" /></a><figcaption>Avenida de la Constitución</figcaption></figure> Seville is the most populated city in southern Spain, and has the largest GDP (gross domestic product) of any in Andalusia,<a href="#cite_note-ABC_de_Sevilla-160">[160]</a> accounting for one-quarter of its total GDP.<a href="#cite_note-ABC_de_Sevilla-160">[160]</a> All municipalities in the metropolitan area depend directly or indirectly on Seville's economy, while agriculture dominates the economy of the smaller villages, with some industrial activity localised in industrial parks. The Diputación de Sevilla (Deputation of Seville), with provincial headquarters in the Antiguo Cuartel de Caballería (Old Cavalry Barracks) on Avenida Menendez Pelayo, provides public services to distant villages that they can not provide themselves.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> The economic activity of Seville cannot be detached from the geographical and urban context of the city; the capital of Andalusia is the centre of a growing metropolitan area. Aside from traditional neighbourhoods such as Santa Cruz, Triana and others, those further away from the centre, such as <a href="/wiki/Nervi%C3%B3n,_Seville" title="Nervión, Seville">Nervión</a>, Sevilla Este, and El Porvenir have seen recent economic growth. Until the economic crisis of 2007, this urban area saw significant population growth and the development of new industrial and commercial parks.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> During this period, availability of infrastructure in the city contributed to the growth of an economy dominated by the service sector,<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> but in which industry still holds a considerable place.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Centro_Comercial_Torre_Sevilla_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Centro_Comercial_Torre_Sevilla_%283%29.jpg/190px-Centro_Comercial_Torre_Sevilla_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Centro_Comercial_Torre_Sevilla_%283%29.jpg/285px-Centro_Comercial_Torre_Sevilla_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Centro_Comercial_Torre_Sevilla_%283%29.jpg/380px-Centro_Comercial_Torre_Sevilla_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3542" data-file-height="5460" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cajasol_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Cajasol Tower">Sevilla Tower</a> on the Isla de La Cartuja, designed by the architect <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Pelli" title="César Pelli">César Pelli</a></figcaption></figure> The 1990s saw massive growth in investment in infrastructure in Seville, largely due to its hosting of the <a href="/wiki/Seville_Expo_%2792" title="Seville Expo '92">Universal Exposition of Seville</a> in 1992. This economic development of the city and its urban area is supported by good transportation links to other Spanish cities, including a high-speed <a href="/wiki/AVE" title="AVE">AVE</a> railway connection to Madrid, and a new international <a href="/wiki/San_Pablo_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="San Pablo Airport">airport</a>. Seville has the only inland port in Spain, located 80 km (50 mi) from the mouth of the River Guadalquivir. This harbour complex offers access to the Atlantic and the Mediterranean and allows trade in goods between the south of Spain (Andalusia, <a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a>) and Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. The port has undergone reorganisation. Annual <a href="/wiki/Tonnage" title="Tonnage">tonnage</a> rose to 5.3 million tonnes of goods in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cartuja_93" title="Cartuja 93">Cartuja 93</a> is a research and development park,<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> employing 15,000 persons. The Parque Tecnológico y Aeronáutico Aerópolis (Technological and Aeronautical Park)<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> is focused on the aircraft industry. Outside of Seville are nine <a href="/wiki/PS20_solar_power_towers" class="mw-redirect" title="PS20 solar power towers">PS20 solar power towers</a> which use the city's sunny weather to provide most of it with clean and renewable energy. The <a href="/wiki/Sevilla_Tower" title="Sevilla Tower">Sevilla Tower</a> skyscraper was started in March 2008 and was completed in 2015. With a height of 180.5 metres (592 feet) and 40 <a href="/wiki/Storey" title="Storey">floors</a>, it is the tallest building in <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>. Seville has conference facilities, including the <a href="/wiki/FIBES_Conference_and_Exhibition_Centre" title="FIBES Conference and Exhibition Centre">Conference and Convention Centre</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HEINEKEN_MARCOROJO179.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/HEINEKEN_MARCOROJO179.jpg/220px-HEINEKEN_MARCOROJO179.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/HEINEKEN_MARCOROJO179.jpg/330px-HEINEKEN_MARCOROJO179.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/HEINEKEN_MARCOROJO179.jpg/440px-HEINEKEN_MARCOROJO179.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4183" data-file-height="2745" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Heineken" title="Heineken">Heineken</a> brewery in Seville</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research_and_development">Research and development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Research and development">edit</a>]</div> The Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas en Sevilla (CSIC) is based in the former <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_pavilion,_Seville" title="Peruvian pavilion, Seville">Pavilion of Peru</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Luisa Park">Maria Luisa Park</a>. In April 2008 the city council of Seville provided a grant to renovate the building to create the <a href="/wiki/La_Casa_de_la_Ciencia" title="La Casa de la Ciencia">Casa de la Ciencia</a> (Science Centre) to encourage popular interest in science.<a href="#cite_note-Gordillo1998-168">[168]</a> The internationally recognised company Neocodex has its headquarters in Seville; it maintains the first and largest <a href="/wiki/DNA_bank" title="DNA bank">DNA bank</a> in Spain and has made significant contributions to scientific research in genetics.<a href="#cite_note-Genetic_Engineering_&_Biotechnology_News:_GEN.-169">[169]</a> Seville is also considered an important technological and research centre for renewable energy and the aeronautics industry.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> The output of the research centres in Sevillan universities working in tandem with city government, and the numerous local technology companies, have made Seville a leader among Spanish cities in technological <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a>. The Parque Científico Tecnológico Cartuja 93 is a nexus of private and public investment in various fields of research.<a href="#cite_note-MonclúsFraga2006-172">[172]</a> Principal fields of innovation and research are telecommunications, new technologies, biotechnology (with applications in local agricultural practices), environment and renewable energy. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus">Bus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Bus">edit</a>]</div> Seville is served by the TUSSAM <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tussam.es/">(Transportes Urbanos de Sevilla)</a> <a href="/wiki/Transit_bus" title="Transit bus">bus</a> network which runs buses throughout the city. The Consorcio de Transportes de Sevilla communicates by bus with all the satellite towns of Seville. Two bus stations serve transportation between surrounding areas and other cities: Plaza de Armas Station, with destinations north and west, and Prado de San Sebastián Station, covering routes to the south and east. Plaza de Armas station has direct bus lines to many Spanish cities as well as <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Portugal. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metro">Metro</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Metro">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Seville_Metro" title="Seville Metro">Seville Metro</a> ("Metro de Sevilla" in Spanish) is a light metro network serving the city of Seville and its <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a>. The system is totally independent of any other rail or street traffic. All stations were built with <a href="/wiki/Platform_screen_doors" title="Platform screen doors">platform screen doors</a>. It was the sixth Metro system to be built in Spain, after those in <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Metro" title="Madrid Metro">Madrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barcelona_Metro" title="Barcelona Metro">Barcelona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valencia_Metro_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Valencia Metro (Spain)">Valencia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro_Bilbao" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro Bilbao">Bilbao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca_Metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Palma de Mallorca Metro">Palma de Mallorca</a>. Currently, it is the fifth-biggest Metro company in Spain by the number of passengers carried (more than 12,000,000 in 2009).<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> The metro of Sevilla has 1 line with 22 stations and is currently expanding, with 3 more different lines projected.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tram">Tram</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Tram">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sevilla-3-16_(48040473632).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Sevilla-3-16_%2848040473632%29.jpg/220px-Sevilla-3-16_%2848040473632%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Sevilla-3-16_%2848040473632%29.jpg/330px-Sevilla-3-16_%2848040473632%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Sevilla-3-16_%2848040473632%29.jpg/440px-Sevilla-3-16_%2848040473632%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/MetroCentro_(Seville)" title="MetroCentro (Seville)">MetroCentro</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/MetroCentro_(Seville)" title="MetroCentro (Seville)">MetroCentro</a> is a surface tramway serving the centre of the city. It began operating in October 2007. The service has just five stops: Plaza Nueva, Archivo de Indias, Puerta de Jerez, Prado de San Sebastián and San Bernardo, all as part of Phase I of the project. It is expected to be extended to Santa Justa <a href="/wiki/Alta_Velocidad_Espa%C3%B1ola" class="mw-redirect" title="Alta Velocidad Española">AVE</a> station, including four new stops: San Francisco Javier, Eduardo Dato, Luis de Morales, and Santa Justa. This extension was postponed although the City Council had made expanding the metro lines a priority.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Train">Train</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Train">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Seville-Santa_Justa_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Seville-Santa Justa railway station">Seville-Santa Justa railway station</a> is served by the <a href="/wiki/AVE" title="AVE">AVE</a> <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed rail</a> system, operated by the Spanish state-owned rail company <a href="/wiki/Renfe" title="Renfe">Renfe</a>. A five-line commuter rail service (<a href="/wiki/Cercan%C3%ADas_Sevilla" title="Cercanías Sevilla">Cercanías</a>) joins the city with the Metropolitan area. Seville is on the Red Ciudades AVE, a net created with Seville connected to 17 major cities of Spain with <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed rail</a>. Although Seville is close to the Portuguese city of <a href="/wiki/Faro,_Portugal" title="Faro, Portugal">Faro</a>, it is not possible to cross the border by train.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bicycle">Bicycle</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Bicycle">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sevici.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sevici.jpg/220px-Sevici.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sevici.jpg/330px-Sevici.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sevici.jpg/440px-Sevici.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sevici" class="mw-redirect" title="Sevici">Sevici</a> Bicycle station</figcaption></figure> The Sevici <a href="/wiki/Community_bicycle_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Community bicycle program">community bicycle program</a> has integrated bicycles into the public transport network. Bicycles are available for hire around the city at low cost, and green curb-raised bicycle lanes can be seen on most major streets. The number of people using bicycles as a means of transport in Seville has increased substantially in recent years, multiplying tenfold from 2006 to 2011.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> As of 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit">[update]</a>, an estimated 9 percent of all mechanized trips in the city (and 5.6 percent of all trips including those on foot) are made by bicycle.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> The city council signed a contract with the multinational corporation <a href="/wiki/JCDecaux" title="JCDecaux">JCDecaux</a>, an outdoor advertising company. The public bicycle rental system is financed by a local advertising operator in return for the city signing over a 10-year licence to exploit citywide billboards. The overall scheme is called Cyclocity<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> by <a href="/wiki/JCDecaux" title="JCDecaux">JCDecaux</a>, but each city's system is branded under an individual name. As of 2022, some companies in the <a href="/wiki/E-bike" class="mw-redirect" title="E-bike">e-bike</a> <a href="/wiki/Community_bicycle_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Community bicycle program">community bicycle program</a> industry such as <a href="/wiki/Lime_(transportation_company)" title="Lime (transportation company)">Lime (transportation company)</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ridemovi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ridemovi (page does not exist)">Ridemovi</a> started working in the city,<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> thanks to the new parking spots made by the <a href="/wiki/City_Council_of_Seville" title="City Council of Seville">City Council of Seville</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airport">Airport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Airport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/San_Pablo_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="San Pablo Airport">San Pablo Airport</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Viento_cruzado_I_(4761298309).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Viento_cruzado_I_%284761298309%29.jpg/220px-Viento_cruzado_I_%284761298309%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Viento_cruzado_I_%284761298309%29.jpg/330px-Viento_cruzado_I_%284761298309%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Viento_cruzado_I_%284761298309%29.jpg/440px-Viento_cruzado_I_%284761298309%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2360" data-file-height="1574" /></a><figcaption>Landing on the San Pablo Airport</figcaption></figure> The San Pablo Airport is the main airport for Seville and is <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>'s second busiest airport, after <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Ruiz_Picasso_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pablo Ruiz Picasso International Airport">Málaga</a>'s, and first in cargo. The airport handled 7,544,357 passengers and just under 9,891 tonnes of cargo in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-stats-179">[179]</a> It has one <a href="/wiki/Airport_terminal" title="Airport terminal">terminal</a> and one <a href="/wiki/Runway" title="Runway">runway</a>. It is one of many bases for the Spanish low-cost carrier <a href="/wiki/Vueling_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Vueling Airlines">Vueling</a>, and from November 2010 <a href="/wiki/Ryanair" title="Ryanair">Ryanair</a> based aircraft at the airport.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] In addition, Ryanair opened its first <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_maintenance" title="Aircraft maintenance">aircraft maintenance</a> facility in Spain at Seville Airport in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> This enabled low-cost direct flights to several Spanish cities, as well as to the neighbor country of Portugal with weekly flights to Porto<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> and to other European cities. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Port">Port</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Port">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Seville" title="Port of Seville">Port of Seville</a></div> Seville is the only commercial river port in Spain and the only inland city in the country where cruise ships can arrive in the historical centre. On 21 August 2012, the Muelle de las Delicias, controlled by the Port Authority of Seville, hosted the cruise ship <a href="/wiki/Azamara_Journey" title="Azamara Journey">Azamara Journey</a> for two days, the largest ship ever to visit the town. This vessel belongs to the shipping company <a href="/wiki/Royal_Caribbean_Cruises_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd.">Royal Caribbean</a> and can accommodate up to 700 passengers.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Roads">edit</a>]</div> Seville has one ring road, the SE-30, which connects with the dual carriageway of the south, the A-4, that directly communicates the city with <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Andalusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Córdoba, Andalusia">Cordoba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>. Also there is another dual carriageway, the A-92, linking the city with <a href="/wiki/Osuna" title="Osuna">Osuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antequera" title="Antequera">Antequera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guadix" title="Guadix">Guadix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Almeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Almeria">Almeria</a>. The A-49 links Seville with <a href="/wiki/Huelva" title="Huelva">Huelva</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a> in the south of <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transportation_statistics">Public transportation statistics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Public transportation statistics">edit</a>]</div> The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Sevilla, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 34 min. 7% of public transit riders, ride for more than two hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is eight minutes, while 15% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 5.6 kilometres (3.5 mi), while 7% travel for over 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) in a single direction.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Facultad_de_Comunicaci%C3%B3n_US.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Facultad_de_Comunicaci%C3%B3n_US.jpg/200px-Facultad_de_Comunicaci%C3%B3n_US.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Facultad_de_Comunicaci%C3%B3n_US.jpg/300px-Facultad_de_Comunicaci%C3%B3n_US.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Facultad_de_Comunicaci%C3%B3n_US.jpg/400px-Facultad_de_Comunicaci%C3%B3n_US.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">US's Faculty of Communication</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_upo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Vista_upo.JPG/200px-Vista_upo.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Vista_upo.JPG/300px-Vista_upo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Vista_upo.JPG/400px-Vista_upo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3399" data-file-height="2030" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">View of the UPO Campus</div></div></div></div></div> Seville is home to three public universities. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Seville" title="University of Seville">University of Seville</a> (US), founded in 1505; as of 2019, it had 72,000 students.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Pablo_de_Olavide_University" title="Pablo de Olavide University">Pablo de Olavide University</a> (UPO), founded in 1997, with 9,152 students in 2019;<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_University_of_Andalusia" class="mw-redirect" title="International University of Andalusia">International University of Andalusia</a> (UNIA), founded in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> The US and the UPO are important centres of learning in Western Andalusia as they offer a wide range of academic courses; consequently, the city has a large number of students from <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Huelva" title="Province of Huelva">Huelva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Province of Cádiz">Cádiz</a>. Additionally, there is the School of Hispanic American Studies, founded in 1942, the <a href="/wiki/Men%C3%A9ndez_Pelayo_International_University" title="Menéndez Pelayo International University">Menéndez Pelayo International University</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Santander,_Cantabria" class="mw-redirect" title="Santander, Cantabria">Santander</a>, which operates branch campuses in Seville, and <a href="/wiki/Loyola_University_Andalusia" title="Loyola University Andalusia">Loyola University Andalusia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> <dl><dt>International primary and secondary schools</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Fran%C3%A7ais_de_S%C3%A9ville" title="Lycée Français de Séville">Lycée Français de Séville</a> (French school)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Schule_Sevilla" title="Deutsche Schule Sevilla">Deutsche Schule Sevilla</a> (German school)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._George%27s_British_School,_Sevilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. George's British School, Sevilla (page does not exist)">St. George's British School</a></li></ul> Seville is also home to many international schools and colleges that cater to American students who come to study abroad. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramio_-_V%26A_Dudush_-_Estadio_Ol%C3%ADmpico_57_619.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Panoramio_-_V%26A_Dudush_-_Estadio_Ol%C3%ADmpico_57_619.jpg/220px-Panoramio_-_V%26A_Dudush_-_Estadio_Ol%C3%ADmpico_57_619.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Panoramio_-_V%26A_Dudush_-_Estadio_Ol%C3%ADmpico_57_619.jpg/330px-Panoramio_-_V%26A_Dudush_-_Estadio_Ol%C3%ADmpico_57_619.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Panoramio_-_V%26A_Dudush_-_Estadio_Ol%C3%ADmpico_57_619.jpg/440px-Panoramio_-_V%26A_Dudush_-_Estadio_Ol%C3%ADmpico_57_619.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="863" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Estadio_de_La_Cartuja" title="Estadio de La Cartuja">La Cartuja Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> Seville is the hometown of two rival association football teams: <a href="/wiki/Real_Betis" title="Real Betis">Real Betis Balompié</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sevilla_FC" title="Sevilla FC">Sevilla Fútbol Club</a>; both teams play in <a href="/wiki/La_Liga" title="La Liga">La Liga</a>. Each team has won the league once: Betis in 1935 and Sevilla in 1946.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Only Sevilla have won European competitions, winning consecutive <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="UEFA Cup">UEFA Cup</a> finals in <a href="/wiki/2006_UEFA_Cup_final" title="2006 UEFA Cup final">2006</a> and <a href="/wiki/2007_UEFA_Cup_final" title="2007 UEFA Cup final">2007</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Europa_League" title="UEFA Europa League">UEFA Europa League</a> in <a href="/wiki/2014_UEFA_Europa_League_final" title="2014 UEFA Europa League final">2014</a>,<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> <a href="/wiki/2015_UEFA_Europa_League_final" title="2015 UEFA Europa League final">2015</a>, <a href="/wiki/2016_UEFA_Europa_League_final" title="2016 UEFA Europa League final">2016</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_UEFA_Europa_League_final" title="2020 UEFA Europa League final">2020</a> and <a href="/wiki/2023_UEFA_Europa_League_final" title="2023 UEFA Europa League final">2023</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_S%C3%A1nchez_Pizju%C3%A1n_Stadium" title="Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán Stadium">Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán</a> and <a href="/wiki/Estadio_Benito_Villamar%C3%ADn" title="Estadio Benito Villamarín">Benito Villamarín</a>, stadiums of Sevilla and Betis respectively, were venues for the <a href="/wiki/1982_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1982 FIFA World Cup">1982 FIFA World Cup</a>.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> Sevilla's stadium also hosted the <a href="/wiki/1986_European_Cup_final" title="1986 European Cup final">1986 European Cup final</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> and the multi-purpose stadium built in 1999 <a href="/wiki/Estadio_de_La_Cartuja" title="Estadio de La Cartuja">La Cartuja</a>, was the venue for the <a href="/wiki/2003_UEFA_Cup_final" title="2003 UEFA Cup final">2003 UEFA Cup final</a>.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> Seville has an <a href="/wiki/ACB_League" class="mw-redirect" title="ACB League">ACB League</a> basketball club, the <a href="/wiki/Real_Betis_Baloncesto" title="Real Betis Baloncesto">Real Betis Baloncesto</a>. Seville has hosted both <a href="/wiki/IAAF_World_Indoor_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="IAAF World Indoor Championships">indoor</a> (<a href="/wiki/1991_IAAF_World_Indoor_Championships" title="1991 IAAF World Indoor Championships">1991</a>) and <a href="/wiki/IAAF_World_Championships_in_Athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="IAAF World Championships in Athletics">outdoor</a> (<a href="/wiki/1999_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1999 World Championships in Athletics">1999</a>) World Championships in athletics, while housed the tennis <a href="/wiki/Davis_Cup" title="Davis Cup">Davis Cup</a> final in <a href="/wiki/2004_Davis_Cup" title="2004 Davis Cup">2004</a> and <a href="/wiki/2011_Davis_Cup" title="2011 Davis Cup">2011</a>. The city unsuccessfully bid for the <a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2004 Summer Olympics">2004</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Olympics</a>,<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> for which the 60,000-seat <a href="/wiki/Estadio_de_La_Cartuja" title="Estadio de La Cartuja">Estadio de La Cartuja</a> was designed to stage. Seville's River Guadalquivir is one of only three <a href="/wiki/International_Rowing_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="International Rowing Federation">FISA</a> approved international training centres for <a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">rowing</a> and the only one in Spain; the <a href="/wiki/2002_World_Rowing_Championships" title="2002 World Rowing Championships">2002 World Rowing Championships</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2013_European_Rowing_Championships" title="2013 European Rowing Championships">2013 European Rowing Championships</a> were held there. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_fiction">In fiction</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: In fiction">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The 1613 <a href="/wiki/Picaresque_novel" title="Picaresque novel">picaresque novel</a> <a href="/wiki/Rinconete_y_Cortadillo" title="Rinconete y Cortadillo">Rinconete y Cortadillo</a> by Miguel de Cervantes takes place in the city of Seville.</li> <li>The novel <a href="/wiki/La_Femme_et_le_pantin" class="mw-redirect" title="La Femme et le pantin">La Femme et le pantin</a> (The Woman and the Puppet) (1898) by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lou%C3%BFs" title="Pierre Louÿs">Pierre Louÿs</a>, adapted for film several times, is set mainly in Seville.</li> <li>Seville is the setting for the legend of <a href="/wiki/Don_Juan" title="Don Juan">Don Juan</a> (inspired by the real aristocrat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Miguel_de_Ma%C3%B1ara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Don Miguel de Mañara (page does not exist)">Don Miguel de Mañara</a>) on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paseo_Alcalde_Marqu%C3%A9s_de_Contadero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paseo Alcalde Marqués de Contadero (page does not exist)">Paseo Alcalde Marqués de Contadero</a>.</li> <li>Seville is the primary setting of many operas, the best known of which are <a href="/wiki/Georges_Bizet" title="Georges Bizet">Bizet</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Carmen" title="Carmen">Carmen</a> (based on <a href="/wiki/Prosper_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Prosper Mérimée">Mérimée</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Carmen_(novella)" title="Carmen (novella)">novella</a>), <a href="/wiki/Gioachino_Rossini" title="Gioachino Rossini">Rossini</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Barber_of_Seville" title="The Barber of Seville">The Barber of Seville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Verdi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/La_forza_del_destino" title="La forza del destino">La forza del destino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fidelio" title="Fidelio">Fidelio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Figaro" title="The Marriage of Figaro">The Marriage of Figaro</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prokofiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokofiev">Prokofiev</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Betrothal_in_a_Monastery" title="Betrothal in a Monastery">Betrothal in a Monastery</a>.</li> <li>Seville is the setting of the novel The Seville Communion by <a href="/wiki/Arturo_P%C3%A9rez-Reverte" title="Arturo Pérez-Reverte">Arturo Pérez-Reverte</a>.</li> <li>Seville is both the location and setting for much of the 1985 <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a> television serial "<a href="/wiki/The_Two_Doctors" title="The Two Doctors">The Two Doctors</a>".</li> <li>Seville is also used as one of the locations in Dan Brown's <a href="/wiki/Digital_Fortress" title="Digital Fortress">Digital Fortress</a>.</li> <li>Seville is one of the settings in <a href="/wiki/Jostein_Gaarder" title="Jostein Gaarder">Jostein Gaarder</a>'s book The Orange Girl (Appelsinpiken).</li> <li>Seville is the hometown of the two main characters in the 2000 film <a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_El_Dorado" title="The Road to El Dorado">The Road to El Dorado</a> by <a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Pictures" title="DreamWorks Pictures">DreamWorks</a>. Miguel and Tulio are con artists that stow away on a ship bound for the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> and win a map for the fabled lost city of gold, <a href="/wiki/El_Dorado" title="El Dorado">El Dorado</a>, and are invariably seen as gods by the locals.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Koestler" title="Arthur Koestler">Arthur Koestler</a>'s book <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Testament" title="Spanish Testament">Spanish Testament</a> is based on the writer's experiences while held in the Seville prison, under a sentence of death, during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wilson_(crime_novelist)" title="Robert Wilson (crime novelist)">Robert Wilson's</a> police novel The Hidden Assassins (2006) concerns a terrorist incident in Seville and the political context thereof, with much local colour.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a,_Seville" title="Plaza de España, Seville">Plaza de España</a> in the Parque de María Luisa appears in George Lucas' <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_II_%E2%80%93_Attack_of_the_Clones" title="Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones">Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones</a>, in <a href="/wiki/The_Dictator_(2012_film)" title="The Dictator (2012 film)">The Dictator</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Sacha_Baron_Cohen" title="Sacha Baron Cohen">Sacha Baron Cohen</a>, as the palace of the dictator Aladeen, and in <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Arabia_(film)" title="Lawrence of Arabia (film)">Lawrence of Arabia</a> as the British Army headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, while the courtyard was the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Alfonso_XIII" title="Hotel Alfonso XIII">King Alfonso XIII Hotel</a>.</li> <li>The Plaza of the Americas also appeared in Lawrence, substituting for <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Mann" title="Anthony Mann">Anthony Mann</a>'s <a href="/wiki/El_Cid_(film)" title="El Cid (film)">El Cid</a>. It also appears as the Palace of <a href="/wiki/Vladek_Sheybal" title="Vladek Sheybal">Vladek Sheybal</a>'s Bashaw in <a href="/wiki/The_Wind_and_the_Lion" title="The Wind and the Lion">The Wind and the Lion</a> (1975).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar_of_Seville" title="Alcázar of Seville">Alcázar</a> and other sites appear in the television series <a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones" title="Game of Thrones">Game of Thrones</a>, in the cities of Dorne.</li> <li>In the 2016 film <a href="/wiki/Assassin%27s_Creed_(film)" title="Assassin's Creed (film)">Assassin's Creed</a>, Master Assassins Aguilar de Nerha and Maria escape execution and are pursued by Templars through the city, eventually performing Leaps of Faith off of an unfinished Seville Cathedral to escape.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_2" title="Mission: Impossible 2">Mission: Impossible 2</a>, Ethan Hunt is sent to Seville to recruit Nyah Nordoff-Hall.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_travel_writing">In travel writing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: In travel writing">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The Tomb in Seville by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Lewis_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Lewis (author)">Norman Lewis</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities">Twin towns – sister cities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Spain" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain">List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain</a></div> Seville is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with the following cities: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a> (France), 1989.<a href="#cite_note-montero-197">[197]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> (Spain), 1987.<a href="#cite_note-montero-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> (Argentina), 1976.<a href="#cite_note-montero-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hermanamientos_con_Latinoamérica-199">[199]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a> (United States), 1988.<a href="#cite_note-montero-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-CSCI-200">[200]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba</a> (Spain), 1908.<a href="#cite_note-montero-197">[197]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a> (Mexico), 1984.<a href="#cite_note-montero-197">[197]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a> (Cuba), 2007.<a href="#cite_note-montero-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hermanamientos_con_Latinoamérica-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guadalajara_sisters-202">[202]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a> (United States), 1969. The relationship between Seville and Kansas City is due to a small replica of the Giralda tower, Sevilla's cathedral belltower, that exists in Kansas City.<a href="#cite_note-Kansas_City_-_Sister_Cities-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Cantabria" class="mw-redirect" title="Laredo, Cantabria">Laredo</a> (Spain), 2017.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Marrakech" class="mw-redirect" title="Marrakech">Marrakech</a> (Morocco), 2017.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Medina_de_Rioseco" title="Medina de Rioseco">Medina de Rioseco</a> (Spain), 2016.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /> <a href="/wiki/San_Salvador" title="San Salvador">San Salvador</a> (El Salvador), 2018.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Sevilla_la_Nueva" title="Sevilla la Nueva">Sevilla la Nueva</a> (Spain).<a href="#cite_note-montero-197">[197]</a></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Partnerships</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> (Poland), 2002.<a href="#cite_note-Kraków-209">[209]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Titles">Titles</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Titles">edit</a>]</div> Seville has been given titles by Spanish monarchs and heads of state throughout its history.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> <ul><li>Very Noble, by King Ferdinand III of Castile after his reconquest of the city.</li> <li>Very Loyal, by King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso X of Castile</a> for supporting him against a rebellion. See also the Motto "NO8DO".</li> <li>Very Heroic, by King <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VII of Spain">Ferdinand VII of Spain</a> by Royal Document on 13 October 1817 for support against the French invasion.</li> <li>Invictus (Invincible in <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>), by Queen <a href="/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella II of Spain">Isabella II of Spain</a> for the city's resistance against General Van Halen's asedium and bombing in 1843.</li> <li>Mariana, by General <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> in 1946 for the city's devotion to the Virgin Mary.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical">Historical</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Historical">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Antonietta_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Antonietta of Spain">Maria Antonietta of Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen_consort_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen consort of Sardinia">Queen consort of Sardinia</a> (1729–1785)</li> <li>Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad, poet and Arabic king of Sevilla 1040–1095</li> <li>Physician <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Zuhr" title="Ibn Zuhr">Avenzoar</a></li> <li>The family of the Arabic historian and sociologist <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a></li> <li>13th-century poet <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Sahl_of_Seville" title="Ibn Sahl of Seville">Ibn Sahl of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_del_Alc%C3%A1zar" title="Luis del Alcázar">Luis del Alcázar</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> theologian, (1554–1613)</li> <li>Renaissance composers <a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_de_Morales" title="Cristóbal de Morales">Cristóbal de Morales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Guerrero_(composer)" title="Francisco Guerrero (composer)">Francisco Guerrero</a></li> <li>16th-century novelist <a href="/wiki/Mateo_Alem%C3%A1n" title="Mateo Alemán">Mateo Alemán</a></li> <li>Playwrights <a href="/wiki/Lope_de_Rueda" title="Lope de Rueda">Lope de Rueda</a><a href="#cite_note-owaytours-211">[211]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hermanos_Alvarez_Quintero" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermanos Alvarez Quintero">Hermanos Alvarez Quintero</a></li> <li>Historian of <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> <a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_de_Las_Casas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartolomé de Las Casas">Bartolomé de Las Casas</a></li> <li>Colonial governor of La Florida and Cuba: <a href="/wiki/Laureano_de_Torres_y_Ayala" title="Laureano de Torres y Ayala">Laureano de Torres y Ayala</a></li> <li>Colonial governor of La Florida: <a href="/wiki/Pablo_de_Hita_y_Salazar" title="Pablo de Hita y Salazar">Pablo de Hita y Salazar</a></li> <li>Baroque painters <a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Diego Velázquez">Diego Velázquez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vald%C3%A9s_Leal" class="mw-redirect" title="Valdés Leal">Valdés Leal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo" title="Bartolomé Esteban Murillo">Bartolomé Esteban Murillo</a></li> <li>Educator <a href="/wiki/Adelita_Domingo" title="Adelita Domingo">Adelita Domingo</a></li> <li>Explorer and astronomer <a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Ulloa" title="Antonio de Ulloa">Antonio de Ulloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> poets <a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Herrera" title="Fernando de Herrera">Fernando de Herrera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gutierre_de_Cetina" title="Gutierre de Cetina">Gutierre de Cetina</a></li> <li>Notable Costumbrista painter who liked to depict the 19th century society of Seville and its buildings <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Jim%C3%A9nez_Aranda" title="José Jiménez Aranda">José Jiménez Aranda</a></li> <li>Romantic poet <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Adolfo_B%C3%A9cquer" title="Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer">Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer</a><a href="#cite_note-owaytours-211">[211]</a></li> <li>Bullfighters <a href="/wiki/Juan_Belmonte" title="Juan Belmonte">Juan Belmonte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curro_Romero" title="Curro Romero">Curro Romero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ignacio_S%C3%A1nchez_Mej%C3%ADas" title="Ignacio Sánchez Mejías">Ignacio Sánchez Mejías</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Mu%C3%B1oz" title="Emilio Muñoz">Emilio Muñoz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_G%C3%B3mez_Ortega" title="José Gómez Ortega">José Gómez Ortega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Diego_Mart%C3%ADnez_Barrio" title="Diego Martínez Barrio">Diego Martinez</a>, communist politician <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_D%C3%ADaz_(politician)" title="José Díaz (politician)">José Díaz</a> and Carlist politician <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Fal_Conde" title="Manuel Fal Conde">Manuel Fal</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th-century_artists">20th-century artists</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: 20th-century artists">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Aleixandre" title="Vicente Aleixandre">Vicente Aleixandre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_for_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize for Literature">Nobel Laureate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Machado" title="Antonio Machado">Antonio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Machado_y_Ruiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel Machado y Ruiz">Manuel Machado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Cernuda" title="Luis Cernuda">Luis Cernuda</a></li> <li>Composer <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Turina" title="Joaquín Turina">Joaquín Turina</a></li> <li>Drag queen <a href="/wiki/Carmen_Farala" title="Carmen Farala">Carmen Farala</a>, winner of the <a href="/wiki/Drag_Race_Espa%C3%B1a_(season_1)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drag Race España (season 1)">first season</a> of <a href="/wiki/Drag_Race_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Drag Race España">Drag Race España</a></li> <li>Cartoonist <a href="/wiki/William_Haselden" title="William Haselden">William Haselden</a></li> <li>Actors <a href="/wiki/Juan_Diego_(actor)" title="Juan Diego (actor)">Juan Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paco_Le%C3%B3n" title="Paco León">Paco León</a></li> <li>Actresses <a href="/wiki/Soledad_Miranda" title="Soledad Miranda">Soledad Miranda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ver%C3%B3nica_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Verónica Sánchez">Verónica Sánchez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carmen_Sevilla" title="Carmen Sevilla">Carmen Sevilla</a>,<a href="#cite_note-owaytours-211">[211]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paz_Vega" title="Paz Vega">Paz Vega</a>,<a href="#cite_note-owaytours-211">[211]</a> <a href="/wiki/Azucena_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Azucena Hernández">Azucena Hernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Risitas" title="El Risitas">El Risitas</a>, humorist</li> <li>Comedian <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Summers" title="Manuel Summers">Manuel Summers</a></li> <li>Embroiderer <a href="/wiki/Esperanza_Elena_Caro" title="Esperanza Elena Caro">Esperanza Elena Caro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pages" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Pages">Maria Pages</a>, dancer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jairo_Barrull_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Jairo Barrull Fernández">Jairo Barrull Fernández</a>, Spanish <a href="/wiki/Gypsy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy">Gypsy</a> flamenco dancer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Models">Models</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Models">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_S%C3%A1nchez_L%C3%B3pez" title="Teresa Sánchez López">Teresa Sánchez López</a> who won the title of Miss National in the <a href="/wiki/Miss_Spain" title="Miss Spain">Miss Spain</a> contest 1984 and, representing Spain, was close to the crown of <a href="/wiki/Miss_Universe" title="Miss Universe">Miss Universe</a> in 1985 (1st runner up).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Maria_Gonz%C3%A1lez" class="mw-redirect" title="Eva Maria González">Eva Maria González</a> beauty queen and model who was <a href="/wiki/Miss_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Miss España">Miss España</a> 2003 (representing Andalusia)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Singers">Singers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Singers">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Pantoja" title="Isabel Pantoja">Isabel Pantoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juanita_Reina" title="Juanita Reina">Juanita Reina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lole_y_Manuel" title="Lole y Manuel">Lole y Manuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paquita_Rico" title="Paquita Rico">Paquita Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Caracol_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="El Caracol (singer)">El Caracol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falete" title="Falete">Falete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastora_Soler" title="Pastora Soler">Pastora Soler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mala_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Mala Rodríguez">Mala Rodríguez</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Athletes">Athletes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Athletes">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Association footballers <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Reyes" title="José Antonio Reyes">José Antonio Reyes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Mu%C3%B1oz" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernando Muñoz">Fernando "Nando" Muñoz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Serna" title="Ricardo Serna">Ricardo Serna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Ramos" title="Sergio Ramos">Sergio Ramos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Navas" title="Jesús Navas">Jesús Navas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Puerta" title="Antonio Puerta">Antonio Puerta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Marchena" title="Carlos Marchena">Carlos Marchena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capi_(footballer,_born_1977)" title="Capi (footballer, born 1977)">Jesús Capitán "Capi"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adri%C3%A1n_(footballer)" title="Adrián (footballer)">Adrián</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olga_Carmona" title="Olga Carmona">Olga Carmona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irene_Guerrero" title="Irene Guerrero">Irene Guerrero</a></li> <li>Olympic swimmer <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1tima_Madrid" title="Fátima Madrid">Fátima Madrid</a></li> <li>Bullfighter <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Ortega" title="Joaquín Rodríguez Ortega">Joaquín Rodríguez Ortega</a>, known as "Cagancho" (1903–1984).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_notable_people">Other notable people</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Other notable people">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Navy officer <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Buiza_Fern%C3%A1ndez-Palacios" title="Miguel Buiza Fernández-Palacios">Miguel Buiza Fernández-Palacios</a> who became Captain General of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Republican_Navy" title="Spanish Republican Navy">Spanish Republican Navy</a></li> <li>Politicians <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Government_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Government of Spain">President of the Government of Spain</a> from 1982 to 1996, and <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Guerra" title="Alfonso Guerra">Alfonso Guerra</a>, vice-president from 1982 to 1991</li> <li>Criminal <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Delgado_Villegas" title="Manuel Delgado Villegas">Manuel Delgado Villegas</a>, serial killer</li> <li>Mystic <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1rbara_de_Santo_Domingo" title="Bárbara de Santo Domingo">Bárbara de Santo Domingo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/32px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/48px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/64px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo">Azulejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Seville" title="Cadillac Seville">Cadillac Seville</a>, a car that was named after the city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Santa_Maria_la_Blanca_(Seville)" title="Church of Santa Maria la Blanca (Seville)">Church of Santa Maria la Blanca (Seville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_M%C3%A1gica" title="Isla Mágica">Isla Mágica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seville_Public_Library" title="Seville Public Library">Seville Public Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seville_Statement_on_Violence" title="Seville Statement on Violence">Seville Statement on Violence</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf">Demographia: World Urban Areas</a>, 2022 </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/met_10r_3gdp/default/table?lang=en">"Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by metropolitan regions"</a>. ec.europa.eu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ec.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Gross+domestic+product+%28GDP%29+at+current+market+prices+by+metropolitan+regions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2Fmet_10r_3gdp%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESA2020-3"><a href="#cite_ref-ESA2020_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2020" class="citation web cs1">Staff (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200321230944/https://earth.esa.int/web/earth-watching/change-detection/content/-/article/seville-spain">"Seville, Spain"</a>. earth.esa.int. ESA Earth Online 2000 - 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earth.esa.int/web/earth-watching/change-detection/content/-/article/seville-spain">the original</a> on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=earth.esa.int&rft.atitle=Seville%2C+Spain&rft.date=2020&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearth.esa.int%2Fweb%2Fearth-watching%2Fchange-detection%2Fcontent%2F-%2Farticle%2Fseville-spain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Christian-Muslim_Relations._A_Bibliographical_History._Volume_4_(1200–1350)-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Christian-Muslim_Relations._A_Bibliographical_History._Volume_4_(1200–1350)_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wXDXv-h7K58C">Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Volume 4 (1200–1350)</a>. Brill. 2012. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-22854-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-22854-2"><bdi>978-90-04-22854-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 7 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian-Muslim+Relations.+A+Bibliographical+History.+Volume+4+%281200%E2%80%931350%29&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-90-04-22854-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwXDXv-h7K58C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPachecho_Morales-Padrón2021" class="citation journal cs1">Pachecho Morales-Padrón, Marcos (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revistaseug.ugr.es/index.php/cnova/article/view/7672/21399/">"La organización portuaria del golfo de Cádiz en los siglos XVI y XVII: el Arenal de Sevilla y sus antepuertos"</a>. Chronica Nova. 47. Granada: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Granada" title="University of Granada">Editorial Universidad de Granada</a>: 430–431. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.30827%2Fcnova.v0i47.7672">10.30827/cnova.v0i47.7672</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0210-9611">0210-9611</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chronica+Nova&rft.atitle=La+organizaci%C3%B3n+portuaria+del+golfo+de+C%C3%A1diz+en+los+siglos+XVI+y+XVII%3A+el+Arenal+de+Sevilla+y+sus+antepuertos&rft.volume=47&rft.pages=430-431&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.30827%2Fcnova.v0i47.7672&rft.issn=0210-9611&rft.aulast=Pachecho+Morales-Padr%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Marcos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frevistaseug.ugr.es%2Findex.php%2Fcnova%2Farticle%2Fview%2F7672%2F21399%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SPAL:_Revista_de_prehistoria_y_arqueología_de_la_Universidad_de_Sevilla-6"><a href="#cite_ref-SPAL:_Revista_de_prehistoria_y_arqueología_de_la_Universidad_de_Sevilla_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rFhpAAAAMAAJ">SPAL: Revista de prehistoria y arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla</a>. Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Sevilla. 1998. p. 93. Retrieved 8 February 2013. <q>La presencia de fenicios en la antigua Sevilla parece constatada por el topónimo Spal que en diversas lenguas semíticas significa "zona baja", "llanura verde" o "valle profundo"</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SPAL%3A+Revista+de+prehistoria+y+arqueolog%C3%ADa+de+la+Universidad+de+Sevilla&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Secretariado+de+Publicaciones+de+la+Universidad+de+Sevilla&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrFhpAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/fichero_articulo?codigo=634185&orden=0">"La Emergencia de Sevilla"</a>. Universidad de Sevilla. Retrieved 11 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Emergencia+de+Sevilla&rft.pub=Universidad+de+Sevilla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fservlet%2Ffichero_articulo%3Fcodigo%3D634185%26orden%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=Seville">"Seville"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a>. Retrieved 21 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Seville&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3DSeville&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224081740/https://rodin.uca.es/xmlui/handle/10498/15101">De Coripe a Sevilla por Utrera: formación y deformación de topónimos en el habla</a>. Diputación de Sevilla. 2013. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-940980-0-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-940980-0-0"><bdi>978-84-940980-0-0</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rodin.uca.es/xmlui/handle/10498/15101">the original</a> on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Coripe+a+Sevilla+por+Utrera%3A+formaci%C3%B3n+y+deformaci%C3%B3n+de+top%C3%B3nimos+en+el+habla&rft.pub=Diputaci%C3%B3n+de+Sevilla&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-84-940980-0-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frodin.uca.es%2Fxmlui%2Fhandle%2F10498%2F15101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mena_1992-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mena_1992_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mena_1992_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mena_1992_10-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosé_María_de_Mena1992" class="citation book cs1">José María de Mena (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p8SwKYtmy94C">Art and History of Seville</a>. Casa Editrice Bonechi. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-7009-851-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-7009-851-8"><bdi>978-88-7009-851-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+and+History+of+Seville&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Casa+Editrice+Bonechi&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-88-7009-851-8&rft.au=Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa+de+Mena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp8SwKYtmy94C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEchevarria2008" class="citation book cs1">Echevarria, Ana (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hxgsAQAAIAAJ">Biografías mudéjares, o, La experiencia de ser minoría: biografías islámicas en la España cristiana</a>. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. p. 394. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-00-08744-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-00-08744-9"><bdi>978-84-00-08744-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biograf%C3%ADas+mud%C3%A9jares%2C+o%2C+La+experiencia+de+ser+minor%C3%ADa%3A+biograf%C3%ADas+isl%C3%A1micas+en+la+Espa%C3%B1a+cristiana&rft.pages=394&rft.pub=Consejo+Superior+de+Investigaciones+Cient%C3%ADficas&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-84-00-08744-9&rft.aulast=Echevarria&rft.aufirst=Ana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhxgsAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerber1992" class="citation book cs1">Gerber, Jane S. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ry5XyRIl6V4C">The Jews of Spain</a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-0783-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-0783-6"><bdi>978-1-4391-0783-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jews+of+Spain&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1-4391-0783-6&rft.aulast=Gerber&rft.aufirst=Jane+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dry5XyRIl6V4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosé_María_de_Mena_Plaza_&_Janés1985" class="citation book cs1">José María de Mena Plaza & Janés (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J_kqAQAAMAAJ">Historia de Sevilla</a>. Plaza & Janés. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-01-37200-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-01-37200-1"><bdi>978-84-01-37200-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+de+Sevilla&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Plaza+%26+Jan%C3%A9s&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-84-01-37200-1&rft.au=Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa+de+Mena+Plaza+%26+Jan%C3%A9s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ_kqAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalvert2018" class="citation book cs1">Calvert (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iCdwDwAAQBAJ">Southern Spain</a>. BoD – Books on Demand. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7340-3692-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7340-3692-7"><bdi>978-3-7340-3692-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southern+Spain&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=BoD+%E2%80%93+Books+on+Demand&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-3-7340-3692-7&rft.au=Calvert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiCdwDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManrique1993" class="citation book cs1">Manrique, Nelson (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ig1pAAAAMAAJ">Vinieron los Sarracenos...: el universo mental de la conquista de América</a>. DESCO. p. 178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-89312-04-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-89312-04-3"><bdi>978-84-89312-04-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vinieron+los+Sarracenos...%3A+el+universo+mental+de+la+conquista+de+Am%C3%A9rica&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=DESCO&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-84-89312-04-3&rft.aulast=Manrique&rft.aufirst=Nelson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dig1pAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlick2005" class="citation book cs1">Glick, Thomas F. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cWqmebvcjj0C">Islamic And Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages</a>. BRILL. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-14771-3" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-14771-3"><bdi>90-04-14771-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+And+Christian+Spain+in+the+Early+Middle+Ages&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=90-04-14771-3&rft.aulast=Glick&rft.aufirst=Thomas+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcWqmebvcjj0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlick1979" class="citation book cs1">Glick, Thomas F. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wAoWAQAAMAAJ">Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages</a>. Princeton University Press. p. 323. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7837-0098-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7837-0098-4"><bdi>978-0-7837-0098-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+and+Christian+Spain+in+the+Early+Middle+Ages&rft.pages=323&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-7837-0098-4&rft.aulast=Glick&rft.aufirst=Thomas+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwAoWAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl_Gharbi2009" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">El Gharbi, Jalel (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/cdlm/4901">"Thrène de Séville"</a>. Cahiers de la Méditerranée (in French) (79): 26–30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fcdlm.4901">10.4000/cdlm.4901</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cahiers+de+la+M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e&rft.atitle=Thr%C3%A8ne+de+S%C3%A9ville&rft.issue=79&rft.pages=26-30&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fcdlm.4901&rft.aulast=El+Gharbi&rft.aufirst=Jalel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Fcdlm%2F4901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aznalfarache.blogspot.com/2010/09/leyendas-de-sevilla-5-hercules-y-la.html">"Leyendas de Sevilla – 5 Hércules y la fundación de Sevilla"</a>. Aznalfarache.blogspot.com. 13 September 2010. Retrieved 29 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aznalfarache.blogspot.com&rft.atitle=Leyendas+de+Sevilla+%E2%80%93+5+H%C3%A9rcules+y+la+fundaci%C3%B3n+de+Sevilla&rft.date=2010-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faznalfarache.blogspot.com%2F2010%2F09%2Fleyendas-de-sevilla-5-hercules-y-la.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salgueiro2007-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Salgueiro2007_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManuel_Jesús_Roldán_Salgueiro2007" class="citation book cs1">Manuel Jesús Roldán Salgueiro (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zZXEGgAACAAJ">Historia de Sevilla</a>. Almuzara. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-88586-24-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-88586-24-7"><bdi>978-84-88586-24-7</bdi></a>. Retrieved 9 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+de+Sevilla&rft.pub=Almuzara&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-84-88586-24-7&rft.au=Manuel+Jes%C3%BAs+Rold%C3%A1n+Salgueiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzZXEGgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mena1985-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Mena1985_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosé_María_de_Mena1985" class="citation book cs1">José María de Mena (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J_kqAQAAMAAJ">Historia de Sevilla</a>. Plaza & Janés. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-01-37200-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-01-37200-1"><bdi>978-84-01-37200-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 9 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+de+Sevilla&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Plaza+%26+Jan%C3%A9s&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-84-01-37200-1&rft.au=Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa+de+Mena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ_kqAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150317193413/http://www.alcazarsevilla.org/?page_id=33">"Proyecto Puntual de Investigación 1999: Intervención Puntual: "Estudios estratigráficos y análisis constructivos""</a>. Real Alcázar (in Spanish). Real Alcázar de Sevilla. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alcazarsevilla.org/?page_id=33">the original</a> on 17 March 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2017. <q>Los restos antrópicos más antiguos se situaban sobre esta terraza, bajo la muralla Septentrional del Alcázar, datados en el s. VII-VIII a.C.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Real+Alc%C3%A1zar&rft.atitle=Proyecto+Puntual+de+Investigaci%C3%B3n+1999%3A+Intervenci%C3%B3n+Puntual%3A+%22Estudios+estratigr%C3%A1ficos+y+an%C3%A1lisis+constructivos%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alcazarsevilla.org%2F%3Fpage_id%3D33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nash2005-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Nash2005_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_Nash2005" class="citation book cs1">Elizabeth Nash (16 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vVA1reAI7w0C&pg=PA8">Seville, Cordoba, and Granada: A Cultural History: A Cultural History</a>. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-972537-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-972537-3"><bdi>978-0-19-972537-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seville%2C+Cordoba%2C+and+Granada%3A+A+Cultural+History%3A+A+Cultural+History&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&rft.date=2005-09-16&rft.isbn=978-0-19-972537-3&rft.au=Elizabeth+Nash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvVA1reAI7w0C%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-degelo.com-24"><a href="#cite_ref-degelo.com_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.degelo.com/sevilla/sev3.htm">"Antiguas Murallas y Puertas de Sevilla"</a>. Degelo.com. Retrieved 12 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Degelo.com&rft.atitle=Antiguas+Murallas+y+Puertas+de+Sevilla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.degelo.com%2Fsevilla%2Fsev3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gathane-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gathane_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gathane_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gathane_25-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzález_Athané2012" class="citation book cs1">González Athané, José (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/4521997.pdf">"La influencia del río Guadalquivir en la imagen de la ciudad de Sevilla a lo largo de los siglos"</a> (PDF). Paisajes modelados por el agua: entre el arte y la ingeniería. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-9852-345-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-9852-345-4"><bdi>978-84-9852-345-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/4521997.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+influencia+del+r%C3%ADo+Guadalquivir+en+la+imagen+de+la+ciudad+de+Sevilla+a+lo+largo+de+los+siglos&rft.btitle=Paisajes+modelados+por+el+agua%3A+entre+el+arte+y+la+ingenier%C3%ADa&rft.pages=102&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-84-9852-345-4&rft.aulast=Gonz%C3%A1lez+Athan%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fdescarga%2Farticulo%2F4521997.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalvo_Capilla2007" class="citation journal cs1">Calvo Capilla, Susana (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://al-qantara.revistas.csic.es/index.php/al-qantara/article/view/34/28">"Las primeras mezquitas de al-Andalus a través de las fuentes árabes (92/711 – 170/785)"</a>. Al-Qanṭara. 28 (1). Madrid: <a href="/wiki/Consejo_Superior_de_Investigaciones_Cient%C3%ADficas" class="mw-redirect" title="Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas">Ediciones CSIC</a>: 167. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3989%2Falqantara.2007.v28.i1.34">10.3989/alqantara.2007.v28.i1.34</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Qan%E1%B9%ADara&rft.atitle=Las+primeras+mezquitas+de+al-Andalus+a+trav%C3%A9s+de+las+fuentes+%C3%A1rabes+%2892%2F711+%E2%80%93+170%2F785%29&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=167&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3989%2Falqantara.2007.v28.i1.34&rft.aulast=Calvo+Capilla&rft.aufirst=Susana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fal-qantara.revistas.csic.es%2Findex.php%2Fal-qantara%2Farticle%2Fview%2F34%2F28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheen1996" class="citation journal cs1">Scheen, Rolf (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/MILT/article/view/MILT9696110067A/3416">"Viking raids on the spanish peninsula"</a>. Militaria: Revista de Cultura Militar (8). Madrid: <a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">Ediciones Complutense</a>: 67. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0214-8765">0214-8765</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Militaria%3A+Revista+de+Cultura+Militar&rft.atitle=Viking+raids+on+the+spanish+peninsula&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=67&rft.date=1996&rft.issn=0214-8765&rft.aulast=Scheen&rft.aufirst=Rolf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frevistas.ucm.es%2Findex.php%2FMILT%2Farticle%2Fview%2FMILT9696110067A%2F3416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEValencia1994136–137;_138-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEValencia1994136–137;_138_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFValencia1994">Valencia 1994</a>, p. 136–137; 138. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValencia1994" class="citation book cs1">Valencia, Rafael (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cbfORLWv1HkC&pg=PA138">"Islamic Seville: Its Political, Social and Cultural History"</a>. In Jayyusi, Salma Khadra (ed.). The Legacy of Muslim Spain (2nd ed.). Leiden, New York, Köln: <a href="/wiki/EJ_Brill" class="mw-redirect" title="EJ Brill">EJ Brill</a>. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-09599-3" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-09599-3"><bdi>90-04-09599-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Islamic+Seville%3A+Its+Political%2C+Social+and+Cultural+History&rft.btitle=The+Legacy+of+Muslim+Spain&rft.place=Leiden%2C+New+York%2C+K%C3%B6ln&rft.pages=138&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=EJ+Brill&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=90-04-09599-3&rft.aulast=Valencia&rft.aufirst=Rafael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcbfORLWv1HkC%26pg%3DPA138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcía_Sanjuán2004" class="citation journal cs1">García Sanjuán, Alejandro (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://institucional.us.es/revistas/historia/31/15%20garcia%20sanjuan.pdf">"Declive y extinción de la minoría cristiana en la Sevilla andalusí (ss. XI-XII)"</a> (PDF). Historia. Instituciones. 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Retrieved 6 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Time&rft.volume=13&rft.pages=25&rft.date=1929-01&rft.au=Henry+Robinson+Luce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2CI7AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_67-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_67-2">c</a> The Spanish Civil War, Hugh Thomas, Penguin, 1961, pp. 221–223, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-013593-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-013593-6">0-14-013593-6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNobleForsythMaric2007" class="citation book cs1">Noble, John; Forsyth, Susan; Maric, Vesna (1 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-ncWULEubPQC&q=seville+fell+1936&pg=PA93">Lonely Planet Andalucia</a>. Lonely Planet Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-973-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-973-3"><bdi>978-1-74059-973-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved 10 April 2011 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lonely+Planet+Andalucia&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet+Publications&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-74059-973-3&rft.aulast=Noble&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Forsyth%2C+Susan&rft.au=Maric%2C+Vesna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-ncWULEubPQC%26q%3Dseville%2Bfell%2B1936%26pg%3DPA93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Payne2008-69"><a href="#cite_ref-Payne2008_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley_G._Payne2008" class="citation book cs1">Stanley G. Payne (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qNF0BQO7qKAC&pg=PA123">Franco and Hitler: Spain, Germany, and World War II</a>. Yale University Press. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12282-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12282-4"><bdi>978-0-300-12282-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Franco+and+Hitler%3A+Spain%2C+Germany%2C+and+World+War+II&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12282-4&rft.au=Stanley+G.+Payne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqNF0BQO7qKAC%26pg%3DPA123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowen2006-70"><a href="#cite_ref-Bowen2006_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWayne_H._Bowen2006" class="citation book cs1">Wayne H. Bowen (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spainduringworld00bowe_0">Spain During World War II</a>. University of Missouri Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spainduringworld00bowe_0/page/25">25</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8262-6515-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8262-6515-9"><bdi>978-0-8262-6515-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spain+During+World+War+II&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=University+of+Missouri+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8262-6515-9&rft.au=Wayne+H.+Bowen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspainduringworld00bowe_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Corporation2004-71"><a href="#cite_ref-Corporation2004_71-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall_Cavendish_Corporation2004" class="citation book cs1">Marshall Cavendish Corporation (January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oD9Z3omHy3IC&pg=PA611">History of World War II</a>. Marshall Cavendish. p. 611. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7482-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7482-1"><bdi>978-0-7614-7482-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+World+War+II&rft.pages=611&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2004-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-7482-1&rft.au=Marshall+Cavendish+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoD9Z3omHy3IC%26pg%3DPA611&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PfisterBrázdil2013-72"><a href="#cite_ref-PfisterBrázdil2013_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristian_PfisterRudolf_BrázdilRüdiger_Glaser2013" class="citation book cs1">Christian Pfister; Rudolf Brázdil; Rüdiger Glaser (14 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HLjUBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA272">Climatic Variability in Sixteenth-Century Europe and Its Social Dimension</a>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 272. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-015-9259-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-015-9259-8"><bdi>978-94-015-9259-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Climatic+Variability+in+Sixteenth-Century+Europe+and+Its+Social+Dimension&rft.pages=272&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2013-03-14&rft.isbn=978-94-015-9259-8&rft.au=Christian+Pfister&rft.au=Rudolf+Br%C3%A1zdil&rft.au=R%C3%BCdiger+Glaser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHLjUBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-abc-73"><a href="#cite_ref-abc_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sevilla.abc.es/sevilla/sevi-muere-manuel-valle-exalcalde-sevilla-rediseno-ciudad-202003262158_noticia.html">"Muere Manuel del Valle, el exalcalde de Sevilla que rediseñó la ciudad"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_(newspaper)" title="ABC (newspaper)">ABC</a>. 27 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200414030349/https://sevilla.abc.es/sevilla/sevi-muere-manuel-valle-exalcalde-sevilla-rediseno-ciudad-202003262158_noticia.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC&rft.atitle=Muere+Manuel+del+Valle%2C+el+exalcalde+de+Sevilla+que+redise%C3%B1%C3%B3+la+ciudad&rft.date=2020-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsevilla.abc.es%2Fsevilla%2Fsevi-muere-manuel-valle-exalcalde-sevilla-rediseno-ciudad-202003262158_noticia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowan_Moore" class="citation news cs1">Rowan Moore. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2011/mar/27/metropol-parasol-seville-mayer-review">"Metropol Parasol, Seville by Jürgen Mayer H – review | Art and design"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 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ABC-CLIO. p. 517. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-204-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-204-3"><bdi>978-1-59884-204-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religions+of+the+World%3A+A+Comprehensive+Encyclopedia+of+Beliefs+and+Practices%2C+2nd+Edition&rft.pages=517&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-204-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv2yiyLLOj88C%26dq%3Dseville%2Bcathedral%2Blargest%2B-fodor%26pg%3DPA517&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hourihane-2012-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hourihane-2012_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hourihane-2012_102-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hourihane-2012_102-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hourihane-2012_102-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHourihane2012" class="citation book cs1">Hourihane, Colum, ed. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FtlMAgAAQBAJ&dq=seville+cathedral+encyclopedia&pg=RA3-PA268">"Seville"</a>. The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. pp. 570–571. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539536-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539536-5"><bdi>978-0-19-539536-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Seville&rft.btitle=The+Grove+Encyclopedia+of+Medieval+Art+and+Architecture&rft.pages=570-571&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-539536-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFtlMAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dseville%2Bcathedral%2Bencyclopedia%26pg%3DRA3-PA268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeding2016" class="citation book cs1">Beding, Silvio A., ed. 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International Journal of Architectural Heritage. 17 (8): 1312–1330. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15583058.2022.2034070">10.1080/15583058.2022.2034070</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11441%2F135733">11441/135733</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1558-3058">1558-3058</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:247005340">247005340</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Architectural+Heritage&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+the+Historical+Settlements+of+the+Giralda&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1312-1330&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11441%2F135733&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A247005340%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1558-3058&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15583058.2022.2034070&rft.aulast=S%C3%A1nchez&rft.aufirst=Emilio+Romero&rft.au=Esteban%2C+Antonio+Morales&rft.au=Casas%2C+Jaime+Navarro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F15583058.2022.2034070&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Solis-2012-105">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Solis-2012_105-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Solis-2012_105-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolísDomínguezPérez2012" class="citation journal cs1">Solís, Mario; Domínguez, José; Pérez, Lorenzo (2012). "Structural Analysis of La Giralda's 16th-Century Sculpture/Weather Vane". 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Penn State Press. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-271-07941-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-271-07941-7"><bdi>978-0-271-07941-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baroque+Seville%3A+Sacred+Art+in+a+Century+of+Crisis&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Penn+State+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-271-07941-7&rft.aulast=Wunder&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3p5CDgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Konemann-2013-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Konemann-2013_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Konemann-2013_107-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Konemann-2013_107-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToman2013" class="citation book cs1">Toman, Rolf, ed. 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Konemann. p. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8480-0403-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8480-0403-4"><bdi>978-3-8480-0403-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baroque%3A+Architecture%2C+Sculpture%2C+Painting&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Konemann&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-3-8480-0403-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEO34MQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bloom-2009-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bloom-2009_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bloom-2009_108-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._BloomS._Blair2009" class="citation book cs1">M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. 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Oxford University Press. pp. 198–199. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530991-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530991-1"><bdi>978-0-19-530991-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Seville&rft.btitle=The+Grove+Encyclopedia+of+Islamic+Art+and+Architecture&rft.pages=198-199&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530991-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dun4WcfEASZwC%26dq%3Dgrove%2Bencyclopedia%2Bislamic%2B%2522site%2Bof%2Bthe%2BAlc%25C3%25A1zar%2522%26pg%3DRA2-PA198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuggles2004" class="citation journal cs1">Ruggles, D. Fairchild (2004). "The Alcazar of Seville and Mudejar Architecture". Gesta. 43 (2): 87–98. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F25067097">10.2307/25067097</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0016-920X">0016-920X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25067097">25067097</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:192856091">192856091</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gesta&rft.atitle=The+Alcazar+of+Seville+and+Mudejar+Architecture&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=87-98&rft.date=2004&rft.issn=0016-920X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A192856091%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25067097%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F25067097&rft.aulast=Ruggles&rft.aufirst=D.+Fairchild&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2011" class="citation web cs1">Watson, Fiona Flores (6 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.andalucia.com/cities/seville/alcazar.htm">"Alcazar Real"</a>. Andalucia.com. Retrieved 5 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Andalucia.com&rft.atitle=Alcazar+Real&rft.date=2011-12-06&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Fiona+Flores&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.andalucia.com%2Fcities%2Fseville%2Falcazar.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Navarro_Rivas-2005d-111"><a href="#cite_ref-Navarro_Rivas-2005d_111-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNavarro_RivasRamírez_Idígoras2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Navarro Rivas, Juan Pablo; Ramírez Idígoras, Consuelo (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vb9vciGX7esC">Seville 360º</a> (in Spanish and English). Maratania. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-932274-8-X" title="Special:BookSources/84-932274-8-X"><bdi>84-932274-8-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seville+360%C2%BA&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Maratania&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=84-932274-8-X&rft.aulast=Navarro+Rivas&rft.aufirst=Juan+Pablo&rft.au=Ram%C3%ADrez+Id%C3%ADgoras%2C+Consuelo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvb9vciGX7esC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Navarro_Rivas-2005f-112"><a href="#cite_ref-Navarro_Rivas-2005f_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNavarro_RivasRamírez_Idígoras2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Navarro Rivas, Juan Pablo; Ramírez Idígoras, Consuelo (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vb9vciGX7esC">Seville 360º</a> (in Spanish and English). 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Journal of the History of Ideas. 64 (2): 195–212. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3654125">10.2307/3654125</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-5037">0022-5037</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3654125">3654125</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+Ideas&rft.atitle=Classical%2C+Christian%2C+and+Muslim+Remains+in+the+Construction+of+Imperial+Seville+%281520%E2%80%931635%29&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=195-212&rft.date=2003&rft.issn=0022-5037&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3654125%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3654125&rft.aulast=Wunder&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson-2013-114">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Anderson-2013_114-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anderson-2013_114-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2013" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Christy (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q41oAgAAQBAJ&dq=pilatos+seville&pg=PA207">Renaissance Architecture</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-162525-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-162525-1"><bdi>978-0-19-162525-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Renaissance+Architecture&rft.pages=207&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-19-162525-1&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Christy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq41oAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dpilatos%2Bseville%26pg%3DPA207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Navarro_Rivas-2005c-115"><a href="#cite_ref-Navarro_Rivas-2005c_115-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNavarro_RivasRamírez_Idígoras2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Navarro Rivas, Juan Pablo; Ramírez Idígoras, Consuelo (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vb9vciGX7esC">Seville 360º</a> (in Spanish and English). Maratania. p. 106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-932274-8-X" title="Special:BookSources/84-932274-8-X"><bdi>84-932274-8-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seville+360%C2%BA&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=Maratania&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=84-932274-8-X&rft.aulast=Navarro+Rivas&rft.aufirst=Juan+Pablo&rft.au=Ram%C3%ADrez+Id%C3%ADgoras%2C+Consuelo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvb9vciGX7esC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Navarro_Rivas-2005b-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Navarro_Rivas-2005b_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Navarro_Rivas-2005b_116-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNavarro_RivasRamírez_Idígoras2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Navarro Rivas, Juan Pablo; Ramírez Idígoras, Consuelo (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vb9vciGX7esC">Seville 360º</a> (in Spanish and English). Maratania. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-932274-8-X" title="Special:BookSources/84-932274-8-X"><bdi>84-932274-8-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seville+360%C2%BA&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Maratania&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=84-932274-8-X&rft.aulast=Navarro+Rivas&rft.aufirst=Juan+Pablo&rft.au=Ram%C3%ADrez+Id%C3%ADgoras%2C+Consuelo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvb9vciGX7esC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bennison-2016-117"><a href="#cite_ref-Bennison-2016_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennison2016" class="citation book cs1">Bennison, Amira K. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=19JVDwAAQBAJ">The Almoravid and Almohad Empires</a>. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 325–326. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-4682-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-4682-1"><bdi>978-0-7486-4682-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Almoravid+and+Almohad+Empires&rft.pages=325-326&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-4682-1&rft.aulast=Bennison&rft.aufirst=Amira+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D19JVDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarteet2019" class="citation book cs1">Barteet, C. Cody (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TQWdDwAAQBAJ&dq=plateresque+city+hall+seville&pg=PT112">Architectural Rhetoric and the Iconography of Authority in Colonial Mexico: The Casa de Montejo</a>. Routledge. pp. 114–117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-429-99904-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-429-99904-8"><bdi>978-0-429-99904-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architectural+Rhetoric+and+the+Iconography+of+Authority+in+Colonial+Mexico%3A+The+Casa+de+Montejo&rft.pages=114-117&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-429-99904-8&rft.aulast=Barteet&rft.aufirst=C.+Cody&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTQWdDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dplateresque%2Bcity%2Bhall%2Bseville%26pg%3DPT112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Navarro_Rivas-2005-119">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Navarro_Rivas-2005_119-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Navarro_Rivas-2005_119-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Navarro_Rivas-2005_119-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Navarro_Rivas-2005_119-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNavarro_RivasRamírez_Idígoras2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Navarro Rivas, Juan Pablo; Ramírez Idígoras, Consuelo (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vb9vciGX7esC">Seville 360º</a> (in Spanish and English). Maratania. pp. 40–44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-932274-8-X" title="Special:BookSources/84-932274-8-X"><bdi>84-932274-8-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seville+360%C2%BA&rft.pages=40-44&rft.pub=Maratania&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=84-932274-8-X&rft.aulast=Navarro+Rivas&rft.aufirst=Juan+Pablo&rft.au=Ram%C3%ADrez+Id%C3%ADgoras%2C+Consuelo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvb9vciGX7esC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.andalucia.org/en/sevilla-cultural-tourism-ayuntamiento-de-sevilla">"Ayuntamiento de Sevilla"</a>. Andalucia.org. Retrieved 3 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Andalucia.org&rft.atitle=Ayuntamiento+de+Sevilla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.andalucia.org%2Fen%2Fsevilla-cultural-tourism-ayuntamiento-de-sevilla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiobó2010" class="citation book cs1">Riobó, Carlos (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E8BKBAAAQBAJ&dq=seville+archive+herrera&pg=PA57">Sub-versions of the Archive: Manuel Puig's and Severo Sarduy's Alternative Identities</a>. Bucknell University Press. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61148-037-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61148-037-5"><bdi>978-1-61148-037-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sub-versions+of+the+Archive%3A+Manuel+Puig%27s+and+Severo+Sarduy%27s+Alternative+Identities&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Bucknell+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-61148-037-5&rft.aulast=Riob%C3%B3&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE8BKBAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dseville%2Barchive%2Bherrera%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hamann-2022-122"><a href="#cite_ref-Hamann-2022_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamann2022" class="citation book cs1">Hamann, Byron Ellsworth (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0Wp2EAAAQBAJ&dq=seville+General+Archive+of+the+Indies+herrera&pg=PA262">The Invention of the Colonial Americas: Data, Architecture, and the Archive of the Indies, 1781–1844</a>. Getty Publications. pp. 128–134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60606-773-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60606-773-4"><bdi>978-1-60606-773-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Invention+of+the+Colonial+Americas%3A+Data%2C+Architecture%2C+and+the+Archive+of+the+Indies%2C+1781%E2%80%931844&rft.pages=128-134&rft.pub=Getty+Publications&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-60606-773-4&rft.aulast=Hamann&rft.aufirst=Byron+Ellsworth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0Wp2EAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dseville%2BGeneral%2BArchive%2Bof%2Bthe%2BIndies%2Bherrera%26pg%3DPA262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> The Titi Tudorancea Bulletin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tititudorancea.com/z/tourist_attractions_in_seville_spain.htm">Tourist Attractions in Seville, Spain</a>. Retrieved 24 August 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-Gately-2007-124">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gately-2007_124-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gately-2007_124-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGately2007" class="citation book cs1">Gately, Iain (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x41jVocj05EC&dq=first+tobacco+factory+seville&pg=PA80">Tobacco: A Cultural History of How an Exotic Plant Seduced Civilization</a>. Grove Press. pp. 80, 115–116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-9848-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-9848-8"><bdi>978-0-8021-9848-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tobacco%3A+A+Cultural+History+of+How+an+Exotic+Plant+Seduced+Civilization&rft.pages=80%2C+115-116&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8021-9848-8&rft.aulast=Gately&rft.aufirst=Iain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx41jVocj05EC%26dq%3Dfirst%2Btobacco%2Bfactory%2Bseville%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Navarro_Rivas-2005e-125"><a href="#cite_ref-Navarro_Rivas-2005e_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNavarro_RivasRamírez_Idígoras2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Navarro Rivas, Juan Pablo; Ramírez Idígoras, Consuelo (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vb9vciGX7esC">Seville 360º</a> (in Spanish and English). Maratania. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-932274-8-X" title="Special:BookSources/84-932274-8-X"><bdi>84-932274-8-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seville+360%C2%BA&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Maratania&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=84-932274-8-X&rft.aulast=Navarro+Rivas&rft.aufirst=Juan+Pablo&rft.au=Ram%C3%ADrez+Id%C3%ADgoras%2C+Consuelo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvb9vciGX7esC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2011" class="citation web cs1">Watson, Fiona Flores (6 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.andalucia.com/cities/seville/bullring.htm">"Plaza de Toros de la Maestranza"</a>. Andalucia.com. Retrieved 3 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Andalucia.com&rft.atitle=Plaza+de+Toros+de+la+Maestranza&rft.date=2011-12-06&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Fiona+Flores&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.andalucia.com%2Fcities%2Fseville%2Fbullring.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inhabitat.com/metropol-parasol-the-worlds-largest-wooden-structure-opens-in-seville/">"Metropol Parasol: The World's Largest Wooden Structure Opens in Seville| Inhabitat – Green Design Will Save the World"</a>. Inhabitat.com. 24 April 2011. Retrieved 29 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inhabitat.com&rft.atitle=Metropol+Parasol%3A+The+World%27s+Largest+Wooden+Structure+Opens+in+Seville%26%23124%3B+Inhabitat+%E2%80%93+Green+Design+Will+Save+the+World&rft.date=2011-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finhabitat.com%2Fmetropol-parasol-the-worlds-largest-wooden-structure-opens-in-seville%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511210059/http://www.sevilla21.com/urbanismo/ordenacionurbana.php?id=1">"Ordenación Urbana – Metropol Parasol"</a>. Sevilla21.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sevilla21.com/urbanismo/ordenacionurbana.php?id=1">the original</a> on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sevilla21.com&rft.atitle=Ordenaci%C3%B3n+Urbana+%E2%80%93+Metropol+Parasol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sevilla21.com%2Furbanismo%2Fordenacionurbana.php%3Fid%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quintero-2011-129">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Quintero-2011_129-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quintero-2011_129-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quintero-2011_129-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinteroWatson2011" class="citation web cs1">Quintero, Josephine; Watson, Fiona Flores (6 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.andalucia.com/cities/seville/marialuisapark.htm">"Maria Luisa Park"</a>. Andalucia.com. 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UNESCO. 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001592/159293E.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seville%3A+UNESCO+City+of+Music&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fimages%2F0015%2F001592%2F159293E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/seville-spain-cf8138523aa769cc6bbde83acdd80ee4">"Latin Grammys to be held in Spain, leaving US for 1st time"</a>. Associated Press News. 22 February 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Latin+Grammys+to+be+held+in+Spain%2C+leaving+US+for+1st+time&rft.date=2023-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fseville-spain-cf8138523aa769cc6bbde83acdd80ee4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOchoa2023" class="citation web cs1">Ochoa, John (4 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/news/2023-latin-grammys-sevilla-spain-24th-awards">"2023 Latin Grammys To Host First-Ever International Telecast In Sevilla, Spain, On Nov. 16; Nominations To Be Announced Sept. 19"</a>. Recording Academy Grammy Awards. Retrieved 11 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2023+Latin+Grammys+To+Host+First-Ever+International+Telecast+In+Sevilla%2C+Spain%2C+On+Nov.+16%3B+Nominations+To+Be+Announced+Sept.+19&rft.pub=Recording+Academy+Grammy+Awards&rft.date=2023-05-04&rft.aulast=Ochoa&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.com%2Fnews%2F2023-latin-grammys-sevilla-spain-24th-awards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuiz2007" class="citation book cs1">Ruiz, Ana (2007). Vibrant Andalusia: The spice of life in southern Spain. New York: Algora Publ. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87586-539-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87586-539-3"><bdi>978-0-87586-539-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vibrant+Andalusia%3A+The+spice+of+life+in+southern+Spain&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Algora+Publ&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-87586-539-3&rft.aulast=Ruiz&rft.aufirst=Ana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2014" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Joshua (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3010g01h">"Flamenco capital: Tradition, revolution and renewal in Seville, Spain"</a>. UC Riverside. Retrieved 28 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flamenco+capital%3A+Tradition%2C+revolution+and+renewal+in+Seville%2C+Spain&rft.pub=UC+Riverside&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F3010g01h&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWashabaugh2012" class="citation book cs1">Washabaugh, William (2012). Flamenco music and national identity in Spain. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-3485-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-3485-6"><bdi>978-1-4094-3485-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flamenco+music+and+national+identity+in+Spain&rft.place=Farnham&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4094-3485-6&rft.aulast=Washabaugh&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManuel1989" class="citation journal cs1">Manuel, Peter (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1535&context=jj_pubs">"Andalusian, Gypsy, and class identity in the contemporary flamenco complex"</a>. Ethnomusicology. 33 (1): 47–65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F852169">10.2307/852169</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/852169">852169</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191384305">191384305</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnomusicology&rft.atitle=Andalusian%2C+Gypsy%2C+and+class+identity+in+the+contemporary+flamenco+complex&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=47-65&rft.date=1989&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191384305%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F852169%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F852169&rft.aulast=Manuel&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademicworks.cuny.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1535%26context%3Djj_pubs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAoyama2009" class="citation journal cs1">Aoyama, Yuko (March 2009). "Artists, tourists, and the state: Cultural tourism and the flamenco industry in Andalusia, Spain". International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. 33 (1): 80–104. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-2427.2009.00846.x">10.1111/j.1468-2427.2009.00846.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144812906">144812906</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Urban+and+Regional+Research&rft.atitle=Artists%2C+tourists%2C+and+the+state%3A+Cultural+tourism+and+the+flamenco+industry+in+Andalusia%2C+Spain&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=80-104&rft.date=2009-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-2427.2009.00846.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144812906%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Aoyama&rft.aufirst=Yuko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2016" class="citation web cs1">Wright, Fraser (22 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foodanddrink.scotsman.com/food/a-history-of-seville-orange-marmalade-including-a-recipe-for-making-your-own/">"A history of Seville Orange Marmalade, including a recipe for making your own"</a>. Scotsman Food and Drink. Retrieved 17 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scotsman+Food+and+Drink&rft.atitle=A+history+of+Seville+Orange+Marmalade%2C+including+a+recipe+for+making+your+own&rft.date=2016-01-22&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Fraser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffoodanddrink.scotsman.com%2Ffood%2Fa-history-of-seville-orange-marmalade-including-a-recipe-for-making-your-own%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPadilla2013" class="citation web cs1">Padilla, Brenda (3 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.andalucia.com/gastronomy/oranges/seville.htm">"Gastronomy - Seville Oranges"</a>. Andalucia.com. Retrieved 17 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Andalucia.com&rft.atitle=Gastronomy+-+Seville+Oranges&rft.date=2013-05-03&rft.aulast=Padilla&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.andalucia.com%2Fgastronomy%2Foranges%2Fseville.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nash200514-158"><a href="#cite_ref-Nash200514_158-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_Nash2005" class="citation book cs1">Elizabeth Nash (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vVA1reAI7w0C&pg=PA14">Seville, Cordoba, and Granada:A Cultural History: A Cultural History</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518204-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518204-0"><bdi>978-0-19-518204-0</bdi></a>. Retrieved 8 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seville%2C+Cordoba%2C+and+Granada%3AA+Cultural+History%3A+A+Cultural+History&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-518204-0&rft.au=Elizabeth+Nash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvVA1reAI7w0C%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgen2021" class="citation news cs1">Burgen, Stephen (23 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/feb/23/how-seville-is-turning-leftover-oranges-into-electricity">"'A role model': how Seville is turning leftover oranges into electricity"</a>. 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Retrieved 24 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27A+role+model%27%3A+how+Seville+is+turning+leftover+oranges+into+electricity&rft.date=2021-02-23&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Burgen&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2021%2Ffeb%2F23%2Fhow-seville-is-turning-leftover-oranges-into-electricity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABC_de_Sevilla-160">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ABC_de_Sevilla_160-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABC_de_Sevilla_160-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130213034945/http://www.abcdesevilla.es/hemeroteca/historico-20-02-2005/sevilla/Andalucia/sevilla-aporta-la-cuarta-parte-del-pib-y-es-la-capital-economica-de-andalucia_20734816682.html">"Sevilla aporta la cuarta parte del PIB y es la capital económica de Andalucía"</a>. ABC de Sevilla. 20 February 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abcdesevilla.es/hemeroteca/historico-20-02-2005/sevilla/Andalucia/sevilla-aporta-la-cuarta-parte-del-pib-y-es-la-capital-economica-de-andalucia_20734816682.html">the original</a> on 13 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sevilla+aporta+la+cuarta+parte+del+PIB+y+es+la+capital+econ%C3%B3mica+de+Andaluc%C3%ADa&rft.pub=ABC+de+Sevilla&rft.date=2005-02-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abcdesevilla.es%2Fhemeroteca%2Fhistorico-20-02-2005%2Fsevilla%2FAndalucia%2Fsevilla-aporta-la-cuarta-parte-del-pib-y-es-la-capital-economica-de-andalucia_20734816682.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120706221108/http://www.dipusevilla.es/actualidad/noticias/noticia_0553.html">"Rodríguez Villalobos afirma que los pequeños municipios necesitan una figura supramunicipal para poder prestar servicios públicos"</a>. Diputación de Sevilla. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dipusevilla.es/actualidad/noticias/noticia_0553.html">the original</a> on 6 July 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rodr%C3%ADguez+Villalobos+afirma+que+los+peque%C3%B1os+municipios+necesitan+una+figura+supramunicipal+para+poder+prestar+servicios+p%C3%BAblicos&rft.pub=Diputaci%C3%B3n+de+Sevilla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dipusevilla.es%2Factualidad%2Fnoticias%2Fnoticia_0553.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130623070103/http://3web.dipusevilla.es/atlasnuevo/inicio2.htm">"Atlas de la provincia de Sevilla"</a>. 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Sister City Association of Kansas City, MO. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kcsistercities.org/sister-cities/seville-spain">the original</a> on 21 November 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sister+City+Association+of+Kansas+City%2C+MO&rft.atitle=Kansas+City+%E2%80%93+Sister+Cities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kcsistercities.org%2Fsister-cities%2Fseville-spain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120209162057/http://www.kcsistercities.org/sister-cities/seville-spain">"Seville, Spain – Kansas City Sister Cities"</a>. Kcsistercities.org. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC&rft.atitle=Sevilla+y+Laredo+firman+su+acuerdo+de+hermanamiento+con+vocaci%C3%B3n+de+cooperaci%C3%B3n+mutua&rft.date=2017-10-13&rft.aulast=Ybarra&rft.aufirst=Pedro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsevilla.abc.es%2Fnoticias%2Fsevi-sevilla-y-laredo-firman-acuerdo-hermanamiento-vocacion-cooperacion-mutua-201710131638_noticia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europapress.es/andalucia/sevilla-00357/noticia-marrakech-sevilla-sellan-hermanamiento-estrechar-relaciones-amistad-cooperacion-20170405175412.html">"Marrakech y Sevilla sellan su hermanamiento para estrechar "relaciones de amistad y de cooperación""</a>. <a 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Krakow.pl. Retrieved 19 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Krakow.pl&rft.atitle=Krak%C3%B3w+otwarty+na+%C5%9Bwiat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.krakow.pl%2Fotwarty_na_swiat%2F%3FLANG%3DUK%26MENU%3Dl%26TYPE%3DART%26ART_ID%3D16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.degelo.com/sevilla/sev26.htm">"De los títulos de la Ciudad de Sevilla"</a>. Degelo.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Degelo.com&rft.atitle=De+los+t%C3%ADtulos+de+la+Ciudad+de+Sevilla.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.degelo.com%2Fsevilla%2Fsev26.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-owaytours-211">^ <a href="#cite_ref-owaytours_211-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-owaytours_211-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-owaytours_211-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-owaytours_211-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://owaytours.com/en/blog/illustrious-people-from-seville/">"Illustrious people from Seville"</a>. Retrieved 3 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Illustrious+people+from+Seville&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fowaytours.com%2Fen%2Fblog%2Fillustrious-people-from-seville%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1854–1857" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith, William</a>, ed. (1854–1857). "Seville". <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Geography" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography</a>. London: John Murray.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Seville&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Geography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1854%2F1857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeville" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seville&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Seville at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Seville" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Seville">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Seville" class="extiw" title="c:category:Seville">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8717" class="extiw" title="d:Q8717">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spain.info/en_GB/que-quieres/ciudades-pueblos/grandes-ciudades/sevilla.html">Seville in the official website of Tourism in Spain</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sevilla.org/">Official website of the city council.</a> (in Spanish)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.postalcodigo.com/sevilla">Postal Codes in Seville</a> (in Spanish)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox 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dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Spain" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Spain" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>For official site names, see each article or the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Spain" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Spain">List of World Heritage Sites in Spain</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#Spain" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">North West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Altamira" title="Cave of Altamira">Caves of Altamira</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Altamira_and_Paleolithic_Cave_Art_of_Northern_Spain" title="Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain">Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain</a>1</li> <li>Monuments of <a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Asturian_architecture" title="Asturian architecture">Kingdom of the Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_walls_of_Lugo" title="Roman walls of Lugo">Roman walls of Lugo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Heritage_Sites_in_Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Heritage Sites in Galicia (page does not exist)">Route of Santiago de Compostela</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a> (Old Town)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Hercules" title="Tower of Hercules">Tower of Hercules</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Spain"><img alt="Flag of Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/58px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="58" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/87px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/116px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Flag of Spain</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#Spain" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">North East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_and_Primeval_Beech_Forests_of_the_Carpathians_and_Other_Regions_of_Europe" title="Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe">Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests</a>5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Altamira" title="Cave of Altamira">Caves of Altamira</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Altamira_and_Paleolithic_Cave_Art_of_Northern_Spain" title="Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain">Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud%C3%A9jar_architecture_of_Aragon" title="Mudéjar architecture of Aragon">Mudéjar Architecture of Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es_%E2%80%93_Mont_Perdu_World_Heritage_Site" title="Pyrénées – Mont Perdu World Heritage Site">Pirineos - Monte Perdido</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_art_of_the_Iberian_Mediterranean_Basin" title="Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin">Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin</a>1</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Heritage_Sites_in_Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Heritage Sites in Galicia (page does not exist)">Route of Santiago de Compostela</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasteries_of_San_Mill%C3%A1n_de_la_Cogolla" title="Monasteries of San Millán de la Cogolla">San Millán Yuso and Suso Monasteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizcaya_Bridge" title="Vizcaya Bridge">Vizcaya Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#Spain" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">Centre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_and_Primeval_Beech_Forests_of_the_Carpathians_and_Other_Regions_of_Europe" title="Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe">Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests</a>5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranjuez" title="Aranjuez">Aranjuez</a> Cultural Landscape</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta_Emerita" title="Augusta Emerita">Archaeological Ensemble of Mérida</a></li> <li>Archaeological Site of <a href="/wiki/Atapuerca_Mountains" title="Atapuerca Mountains">Atapuerca</a></li> <li>Old Town of <a href="/wiki/%C3%81vila" title="Ávila">Ávila</a> with its Extra-mural Churches</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgos_Cathedral" title="Burgos Cathedral">Burgos Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town_of_C%C3%A1ceres" title="Old Town of Cáceres">Old Town of Cáceres</a></li> <li>Historic Walled Town of <a href="/wiki/Cuenca,_Spain" title="Cuenca, Spain">Cuenca</a></li> <li>Monastery and Site of <a href="/wiki/El_Escorial" title="El Escorial">El Escorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_of_Mercury._Almad%C3%A9n_and_Idrija" title="Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija">Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_M%C3%A9dulas" title="Las Médulas">Las Médulas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Saint_Mary_of_Guadalupe" title="Monastery of Saint Mary of Guadalupe">Monastery of Saint Mary of Guadalupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paseo_del_Prado" title="Paseo del Prado">Paseo del Prado</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parque_del_Buen_Retiro,_Madrid" title="Parque del Buen Retiro, Madrid">Buen Retiro</a>, a landscape of Arts and Sciences</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_art_of_the_Iberian_Mediterranean_Basin" title="Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin">Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin</a>1</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Heritage_Sites_in_Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Heritage Sites in Galicia (page does not exist)">Route of Santiago de Compostela</a>1</li> <li>Old City of <a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li>Old Town of <a href="/wiki/Segovia" title="Segovia">Segovia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_of_Segovia" title="Aqueduct of Segovia">its Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Rock_Art_Sites_in_the_C%C3%B4a_Valley_and_Siega_Verde" title="Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde">Siega Verde</a>4</li> <li>Historic City of <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></li> <li>University and Historic Precinct of <a href="/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_de_Henares" title="Alcalá de Henares">Alcalá de Henares</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#Spain" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tarraco" title="Tarraco">Archaeological Ensemble of Tarraco</a>, Tarragona</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Romanesque_Churches_of_the_Vall_de_Bo%C3%AD" title="Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boí">Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau_de_la_M%C3%BAsica_Catalana" title="Palau de la Música Catalana">Palau de la Música Catalana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hospital_de_Sant_Pau" title="Hospital de Sant Pau">Hospital de Sant Pau</a>, Barcelona</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmeral_of_Elche" title="Palmeral of Elche">Palmeral of Elche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poblet_Abbey" title="Poblet Abbey">Poblet Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_art_of_the_Iberian_Mediterranean_Basin" title="Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin">Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonja_de_la_Seda" title="Lonja de la Seda">Silk Exchange in Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gaud%C3%AD_buildings" title="List of Gaudí buildings">Works of Antoni Gaudí</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#Spain" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alhambra" title="Alhambra">Alhambra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Generalife" title="Generalife">Generalife</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albaic%C3%ADn" title="Albaicín">Albaicín</a>, Granada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seville_Cathedral" title="Seville Cathedral">Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar_of_Seville" title="Alcázar of Seville">Alcázar</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Archive_of_the_Indies" title="General Archive of the Indies">General Archive of the Indies</a>, Seville</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antequera_Dolmens_Site" title="Antequera Dolmens Site">Dolmens Site of Antequera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do%C3%B1ana_National_Park" title="Doñana National Park">Doñana National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_centre_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Historic centre of Córdoba">Historic Centre of Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madinat_al-Zahra" title="Madinat al-Zahra">Madinat al-Zahra</a></li> <li>Renaissance Monuments of <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Abeda" title="Úbeda">Úbeda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baeza,_Spain" title="Baeza, Spain">Baeza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_art_of_the_Iberian_Mediterranean_Basin" title="Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin">Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin</a>1</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cultural Landscape of the <a href="/wiki/Serra_de_Tramuntana" title="Serra de Tramuntana">Serra de Tramuntana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibiza" title="Ibiza">Ibiza</a>, Biodiversity and Culture</li> <li>Prehistoric Sites of <a href="/wiki/Talaiotic_culture" title="Talaiotic culture">Talayotic</a> Menorca</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garajonay_National_Park" title="Garajonay National Park">Garajonay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risco_Ca%C3%ADdo" title="Risco Caído">Risco Caído and the Sacred Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_de_La_Laguna" title="San Cristóbal de La Laguna">San Cristóbal de La Laguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teide_National_Park" title="Teide National Park">Teide National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>1 Shared with other <a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#Spain" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">region/s</a></li> <li>2 Shared with <a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in France">France</a></li> <li>3 Shared with <a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Slovenia" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li>4 Shared with <a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Portugal" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li>5 Shared with <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Demolished_landmarks_in_Seville" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Demolished_landmarks_in_Seville" title="Template:Demolished landmarks in Seville"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Demolished_landmarks_in_Seville" title="Template talk:Demolished landmarks in Seville"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Demolished_landmarks_in_Seville" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Demolished landmarks in Seville"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Demolished_landmarks_in_Seville" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_destroyed_heritage" title="List of destroyed heritage">Demolished</a> <a href="/wiki/Landmark" title="Landmark">landmarks</a> in <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seville</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castle_of_San_Jorge" title="Castle of San Jorge">Castle of San Jorge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palacio_de_S%C3%A1nchez_Dalp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palacio de Sánchez Dalp (page does not exist)">Palacio de Sánchez Dalp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palacio_del_Marqu%C3%A9s_de_Palomares" title="Palacio del Marqués de Palomares">Palacio del Marqués de Palomares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Caf%C3%A9_de_Par%C3%ADs" title="Gran Café de París">Gran Café de París</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triumphal_arches_for_the_arrival_of_Isabel_II_to_Seville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triumphal arches for the arrival of Isabel II to Seville (page does not exist)">Triumphal arches for the arrival of Isabel II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instituto_de_Higiene_del_Doctor_Murga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Instituto de Higiene del Doctor Murga (page does not exist)">Instituto de Higiene del Doctor Murga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gate walls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puerta_de_Jerez_(Seville)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puerta de Jerez (Seville) (page does not exist)">Puerta de Jerez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puerta_del_Arenal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puerta del Arenal (page does not exist)">Puerta del Arenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerta_de_Triana" title="Puerta de Triana">Puerta de Triana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerta_Real_(Seville)" title="Puerta Real (Seville)">Puerta Real</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puerta_de_San_Juan_(Seville)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puerta de San Juan (Seville) (page does not exist)">Puerta de San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puerta_de_la_Almenilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puerta de la Almenilla (page does not exist)">Puerta de la Almenilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puerta_del_Sol_(Seville)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puerta del Sol (Seville) (page does not exist)">Puerta del Sol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puerta_Osario&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puerta Osario (page does not exist)">Puerta Osario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerta_de_San_Fernando_(Seville)" title="Puerta de San Fernando (Seville)">Puerta de San Fernando</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Partially demolished</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%B1os_de_Carmona" title="Caños de Carmona">Caños de Carmona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missing_landmarks_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of missing landmarks in Spain">List of missing landmarks in Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Host_cities_of_the_World_Athletics_Championships" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Athletics_Championships_host_cities" title="Template:World Athletics Championships host cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Athletics_Championships_host_cities" title="Template talk:World Athletics Championships host cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Athletics_Championships_host_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Athletics Championships host cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Host_cities_of_the_World_Athletics_Championships" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Host cities of the <a href="/wiki/World_Athletics_Championships" title="World Athletics Championships">World Athletics Championships</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1983 World Championships in Athletics">1983</a>: <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1987 World Championships in Athletics">1987</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1991 World Championships in Athletics">1991</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1993 World Championships in Athletics">1993</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1995 World Championships in Athletics">1995</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1997 World Championships in Athletics">1997</a>: <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1999 World Championships in Athletics">1999</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2001 World Championships in Athletics">2001</a>: <a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2003 World Championships in Athletics">2003</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis">Saint-Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2005 World Championships in Athletics">2005</a>: <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2007 World Championships in Athletics">2007</a>: <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2009 World Championships in Athletics">2009</a>: <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2011 World Championships in Athletics">2011</a>: <a href="/wiki/Daegu" title="Daegu">Daegu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2013 World Championships in Athletics">2013</a>: <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2015 World Championships in Athletics">2015</a>: <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="2017 World Championships in Athletics">2017</a>: <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_World_Athletics_Championships" title="2019 World Athletics Championships">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_World_Athletics_Championships" title="2022 World Athletics Championships">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon" title="Eugene, Oregon">Eugene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_World_Athletics_Championships" title="2023 World Athletics Championships">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_World_Athletics_Championships" title="2025 World Athletics Championships">2025</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2027_World_Athletics_Championships" title="2027 World Athletics Championships">2027</a>: <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Spain_by_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Spain" title="Template:Cities in Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Spain" title="Template talk:Cities in Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Spain_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cities in Spain by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000 - 999,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">300,000 - 499,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Cordoba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000 - 299,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gij%C3%B3n" title="Gijón">Gijón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Hospitalet_de_Llobregat" title="L'Hospitalet de Llobregat">L'Hospitalet de Llobregat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elche" title="Elche">Elche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badalona" title="Badalona">Badalona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Spain" title="Cartagena, Spain">Cartagena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrassa" title="Terrassa">Terrassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerez_de_la_Frontera" title="Jerez de la Frontera">Jerez de la Frontera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabadell" title="Sabadell">Sabadell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3stoles" title="Móstoles">Móstoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_de_Henares" title="Alcalá de Henares">Alcalá de Henares</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000 - 199,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuenlabrada" title="Fuenlabrada">Fuenlabrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almer%C3%ADa" title="Almería">Almería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legan%C3%A9s" title="Leganés">Leganés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castell%C3%B3n_de_la_Plana" title="Castellón de la Plana">Castellón de la Plana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getafe" title="Getafe">Getafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albacete" title="Albacete">Albacete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcorc%C3%B3n" title="Alcorcón">Alcorcón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_de_La_Laguna" title="San Cristóbal de La Laguna">San Cristóbal de La Laguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badajoz" title="Badajoz">Badajoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huelva" title="Huelva">Huelva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleida" title="Lleida">Lleida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marbella" title="Marbella">Marbella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarragona" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleida" title="Lleida">Lleida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dos_Hermanas" title="Dos Hermanas">Dos Hermanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarragona" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrej%C3%B3n_de_Ardoz" title="Torrejón de Ardoz">Torrejón de Ardoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parla" title="Parla">Parla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matar%C3%B3" title="Mataró">Mataró</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeciras" title="Algeciras">Algeciras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Coloma_de_Gramenet" title="Santa Coloma de Gramenet">Santa Coloma de Gramenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcobendas" title="Alcobendas">Alcobendas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain" title="Jaén, Spain">Jaén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reus" title="Reus">Reus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barakaldo" title="Barakaldo">Barakaldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girona" title="Girona">Girona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">75,000 - 99,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roquetas_de_Mar" title="Roquetas de Mar">Roquetas de Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1ceres,_Spain" title="Cáceres, Spain">Cáceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Rozas_de_Madrid" title="Las Rozas de Madrid">Las Rozas de Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorca,_Spain" title="Lorca, Spain">Lorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_C%C3%A1diz" title="San Fernando, Cádiz">San Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Puerto_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa" title="El Puerto de Santa María">El Puerto de Santa María</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalajara,_Spain" title="Guadalajara, Spain">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrevieja" title="Torrevieja">Torrevieja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talavera_de_la_Reina" title="Talavera de la Reina">Talavera de la Reina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orihuela" title="Orihuela">Orihuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palencia" title="Palencia">Palencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avil%C3%A9s" title="Avilés">Avilés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_de_Guada%C3%ADra" title="Alcalá de Guadaíra">Alcalá de Guadaíra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Real" title="Ciudad Real">Ciudad Real</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Spain" title="List of municipalities of Spain">Complete list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_provinces_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitals_of_Provinces_in_Spain" title="Template:Capitals of Provinces in Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capitals_of_Provinces_in_Spain" title="Template talk:Capitals of Provinces in Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals_of_Provinces_in_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals of Provinces in Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_provinces_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">provinces</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="A Coruña">A Coruña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albacete" title="Albacete">Albacete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almer%C3%ADa" title="Almería">Almería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81vila" title="Ávila">Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badajoz" title="Badajoz">Badajoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1ceres,_Spain" title="Cáceres, Spain">Cáceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castell%C3%B3n_de_la_Plana" title="Castellón de la Plana">Castellón de la Plana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Real" title="Ciudad Real">Ciudad Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuenca,_Spain" title="Cuenca, Spain">Cuenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girona" title="Girona">Girona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalajara,_Spain" title="Guadalajara, Spain">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huelva" title="Huelva">Huelva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huesca" title="Huesca">Huesca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%A9n,_Spain" title="Jaén, Spain">Jaén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleida" title="Lleida">Lleida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palencia" title="Palencia">Palencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontevedra" title="Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segovia" title="Segovia">Segovia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soria" title="Soria">Soria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarragona" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teruel" title="Teruel">Teruel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamora,_Spain" title="Zamora, Spain">Zamora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Spain"><img alt="Flag of Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/50px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/75px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/100px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_autonomous_communities_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Autonomous_Community_capitals_of_Spain" title="Template:Autonomous Community capitals of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Autonomous_Community_capitals_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Autonomous Community capitals of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Autonomous_Community_capitals_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Autonomous Community capitals of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_autonomous_communities_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous communities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seville</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Castilla–La Mancha">Castilla–La Mancha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Capital of Castile and León">de facto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Rioja" title="La Rioja">La Rioja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Murcia" title="Region of Murcia">Region of Murcia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>1</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Spain"><img alt="Flag of Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/50px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/75px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/100px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>1 Autonomous cities</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in italics.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, Netherlands1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a>, Andorra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, Turkey2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a>, Kazakhstan2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, Greece</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, Azerbaijan2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, Serbia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>, Switzerland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>, Slovakia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, Romania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Hungary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a>, Moldova</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, Denmark</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, Finland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, Ukraine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Portugal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>, Slovenia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a>, Luxembourg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, Belarus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>, Cyprus2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, Norway</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a>, Montenegro</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, Czech Republic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>, Iceland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>, Latvia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a>, San Marino</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>, North Macedonia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, Bulgaria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, Sweden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, Estonia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, Georgia2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a>, Albania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>, Malta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Austria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, Lithuania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a>, Armenia2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a>, Northern Cyprus2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a>, Kosovo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a>, Abkhazia2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a>, Transnistria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a>, South Ossetia3</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, Scotland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a>, Wales</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a>, Isle of Man</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>, Gibraltar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a>, Jersey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a>, Svalbard (Norway)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a>, Burgenland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a>, Styria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a>, Tyrol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a>, Carinthia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a>, Upper Austria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a>, Salzburg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a>, Lower Austria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a>, Brčko District</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Berlin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a>, Bremen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>, Saxony</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a>, Thuringia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, Hamburg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, Bavaria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>, Brandenburg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a>, Saarland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a>, Chuvashia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a>, Kalmykia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a>, Chechnya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a>, Udmurtia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a>, Tatarstan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magas" title="Magas">Magas</a>, Ingushetia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a>, Dagestan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a>, Adygea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a>, Karelia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a>, Mordovia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a>, Komi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a>, Perm Krai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a>, Aargau</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a>, Uri</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a>, Ticino</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a>, Grisons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a>, Jura</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a>, Thurgau</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a>, Vaud</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a>, Obwalden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a>, Valais</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a>, Nidwalden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a>, Sardinia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, Sicily</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a>, Azores</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, Catalonia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a> & <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a>, Canary Islands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a>, La Rioja</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a>, Extremadura</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a>, Asturias</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a>, Navarre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a>, Cantabria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>, Galicia</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seville</a>, Andalusia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>, Valencian Community</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1 Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li>2 Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li>3 Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li>4 A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8717#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8717#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8717#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000012194675X">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/158998647">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/3344160245355052640006">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204827/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbxJw4XrCqQytpwptmrv3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4054671-8">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79034966">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11884743h">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11884743h">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV151164">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130796&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX450867">Spain</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX136689">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000283179&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/rp355dp94ttdlhq">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559530505171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058618071806706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/416cda0f-250c-4db4-8a63-9975b5de70e3">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/088334562">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044992">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/isbiliye">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seville&oldid=1259044093">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seville&oldid=1259044093</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Seville" title="Category:Seville">Seville</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_sites_in_Spain" title="Category:Archaeological sites in Spain">Archaeological sites in Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Phoenician_colonies_in_Spain" title="Category:Phoenician colonies in 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[\"CITEREFNash2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNavarro_RivasRamírez_Idígoras2005\"] = 7,\n [\"CITEREFNobleForsythMaric2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOchoa2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPachecho_Morales-Padrón2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPadilla2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalmaPalmaAguado2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPuentes2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPérez-Mallaína1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuick2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuinteroWatson2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamírez_del_Río1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRiobó2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRowan_Moore\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuggles2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuiz2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSantiago_Cirugeda\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScheen1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSolísDomínguezPérez2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStanley_G._Payne2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSánchezEstebanCasas2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFToman2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFValencia1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFValor_PiechottaLafuente_Ibáñez2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWashabaugh2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatson2011\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFWayne_H._Bowen2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWertheimer2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilkins1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWunder2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWunder2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYbarra2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFbarba2012\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"As of\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Autonomous Community capitals of Spain\"] = 1,\n [\"Capitals of Provinces in Spain\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 61,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 27,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 97,\n [\"Cities in Spain\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 27,\n [\"Coord\"] = 2,\n [\"Demolished landmarks in Seville\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 2,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 2,\n [\"Flagdeco\"] = 10,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 4,\n [\"Historical populations\"] = 1,\n [\"IAAF World Championships in Athletics Host cities\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 5,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 2,\n [\"In lang\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox settlement\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 15,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"List of European capitals by region\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 9,\n [\"Maplink\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 2,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"OEtymD\"] = 1,\n [\"Other uses\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 8,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"SmithDGRG\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Unreferenced section\"] = 1,\n [\"Update inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 2,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n [\"Wide image\"] = 4,\n [\"World Heritage Sites in Spain\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","400","20.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","300","15.2"],["dataWrapper 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