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class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Villancico</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Villancico" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilancet" title="Vilancet – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vilancet" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Villancico" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Villancico" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Villancico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Villancico" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Villancico" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilancico" title="Vilancico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vilancico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Villancico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmen_villanicum" title="Carmen villanicum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carmen villanicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Villancico" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Villancico" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Villancico" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Villancico" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilancete" title="Vilancete – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vilancete" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Вильянсико – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вильянсико" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Villancico" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Виљансико – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Виљансико" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Villancico" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Poetic and musical form, 15–18th century</div> <p> The <i><b>villancico</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[biʎanˈθiko]</a></span>) or <b>vilancete</b> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[vilɐ̃ˈsetɨ]</a></span>) was a common poetic and musical form of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> and Latin America popular from the late 15th to 18th centuries. Important composers of villancicos were <a href="/wiki/Juan_del_Encina" title="Juan del Encina">Juan del Encina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Escobar" title="Pedro de Escobar">Pedro de Escobar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Guerrero_(composer)" title="Francisco Guerrero (composer)">Francisco Guerrero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Zumaya" title="Manuel de Zumaya">Manuel de Zumaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juana_In%C3%A9s_de_la_Cruz" title="Juana Inés de la Cruz">Juana Inés de la Cruz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Fernandes" title="Gaspar Fernandes">Gaspar Fernandes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Juan_Guti%C3%A9rrez_de_Padilla" title="Juan Gutiérrez de Padilla">Juan Gutiérrez de Padilla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pope_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pope-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Derived from medieval dance forms, the 15th century Spanish villancico was a type of popular song sung in the vernacular and frequently associated with rustic themes. The poetic form of the Spanish villancico was that of an estribillo (or <a href="/wiki/Refrain" title="Refrain">refrain</a>) and coplas (stanzas), with or without an introduction. While the exact order and number of repetitions of the estribillo and coplas varied, the most typical form was a loose ABA framework, often in triple meter. </p><p>The villancico developed as a secular polyphonic genre until religious villancicos gained popularity in the second half of the 16th century in Spain and its colonies in Latin America. These devotional villancicos, which were sung during matins of the feasts of the Catholic calendar, became extremely popular in the 17th century and continued in popularity until the decline of the genre in the 18th and 19th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-Pope_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pope-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its texts were sometimes didactic, designed to help the new converts understand and enjoy the new religion. </p><p>The service of <a href="/wiki/Matins" title="Matins">matins</a> was structured in three nocturnes, each with three readings and responsories. Thus, during each <a href="/wiki/Matins" title="Matins">matins</a> service nine villancicos could be performed, or at least eight if the last responsory was substituted by the <i>Te Deum</i>, a hymn of thanksgiving reserved for the high feasts. An enormous number of villancicos were written in the Spanish world for such feasts as the Immaculate Conception, Christmas, Epiphany, Corpus Christi, Ascension, Assumption, and other occasions of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> liturgical year. Others were written for important saints' days such as Santiago (St. James), St. Peter and Paul, <a href="/wiki/St._Cecilia" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Cecilia">St. Cecilia</a>, and St. Rose of Lima.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In colonial Mexico, villancicos were performed before mass on special feast days as part of a theatrical spectacle that served as lighthearted, comical entertainment which drew large crowds from all sectors of society and included ornate costuming and stage effects to accompany the musical numbers and spoken dialogue. Some have argued that it was the juxtaposition of these disparate, incongruent elements—the sacred against the profane, the refined against the vulgar, the high against the low—that gave the villancico its mass popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the villancico in Spain and its American colonies generally share a common history of development, the Latin American villancico tradition is particularly known for its incorporation of dialects and rhythms drawn from its diverse ethnic population. The texts were mostly in Spanish, but some employed pseudo-African, Náhuatl, or corrupt Italian, French, or Portuguese words. </p><p>Frequently named after the ethnic group that was characterized in the lyrics, these humorous songs were often accompanied by non-orchestral, "ethnic" instruments, such as rattles, tambourines, bagpipes, and gourds, while the lyrics mimicked the speech patterns of these groups. For example, villancicos called "<i>negro</i>" or "<i>negrillo</i>", imitated African speech patterns and used onomatopoeic phrases such as, "gulungú, gulungú" and "he, he, he cambabé!" possibly to invoke a childlike and uneducated stereotype of that marginalized group. Other <i>negrillo</i> lyrics, however, offer intriguing fraternal sentiments, such as the negro for Jan. 31, 1677 by the famed villancico poet Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, which sings "tumba, la-lá-la, tumba la-lé-le/wherever Peter enters, no one remains a slave".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other examples of "ethnic" villancicos include the <i><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1cara" title="Jácara">jácara</a></i>, <i>gallego</i>, and <i>tocotín.</i><sup id="cite_ref-Pope_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pope-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Villancico composers, who typically held positions as <i>maestro de capilla</i> (chapel master) at the major cathedrals in Spain and the New World, wrote in many different Renaissance and <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> styles, including homophony, imitative polyphony, and polychoral settings. Among the most outstanding New World composers of villancicos are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_de_Loaiza_y_Agurto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José de Loaiza y Agurto (page does not exist)">José de Loaiza y Agurto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Sumaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel de Sumaya">Manuel de Sumaya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Jer%C3%BAsalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignacio Jerúsalem">Ignacio Jerúsalem</a> in New Spain; <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Jos%C3%A9_de_Quir%C3%B3s" title="Manuel José de Quirós">Manuel José de Quirós</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Antonio_Castellanos" title="Rafael Antonio Castellanos">Rafael Antonio Castellanos</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Cascante" class="mw-redirect" title="José Cascante">José Cascante</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Araujo" title="Juan de Araujo">Juan de Araujo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_de_Torrej%C3%B3n_y_Velasco" title="Tomás de Torrejón y Velasco">Tomás de Torrejón y Velasco</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pope_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pope-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Portuguese_type">Portuguese type</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Villancico&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Portuguese type"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This type of poem has a <i>mote</i>—the beginning of the poem, which functions, when in music, as a refrain—followed by one or more intervening stanzas—the <i>volta</i>, <i>copla</i> or <i>glosa</i>—each one with 7 lines. The difference between the <i>vilancete</i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Cantiga" title="Cantiga">cantiga</a></i> depends on the number of lines in the mote: if there are 2 or 3 it is a <i>vilancete</i>, if there are 4 or more it is a <i>cantiga</i>. Each line of a vilancete is usually divided in five or seven metric syllables ("old measure"). When the last line of the mote is repeated at the end of each stanza, the vilancete is "perfect". </p><p>Here is an example of a Portuguese vilancete, written by <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_de_Cam%C3%B5es" title="Luís de Camões">Luís de Camões</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><b>Original</b> </p> <div class="poem"> <p><i>(Mote:)</i><br /> Enforquei minha Esperança;<br /> Mas Amor foi tão madraço,<br /> Que lhe cortou o baraço.<br /> <br /> <i>(Volta:)</i><br /> Foi a Esperança julgada<br /> Por setença da Ventura<br /> Que, pois me teve à pendura,<br /> Que fosse dependurada:<br /> Vem Cupido com a espada,<br /> Corta-lhe cerce o baraço.<br /> Cupido, foste madraço. </p> </div> </td> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 2em;"> <p><b>English Translation</b> </p> <div class="poem"> <p><i>(Mote:)</i><br /> I hanged my Hope;<br /> But Love was so knavish<br /> He cut off the noose.<br /> <br /> <i>(Volta:)</i><br /> Hope was condemned<br /> By verdict of Fate<br /> To be hanged for having me<br /> Hanging out with her<br /> Then comes Cupid with the sword<br /> And cuts the noose short.<br /> O Cupid, you were knavish. </p> </div> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>This poem has a common <a href="/wiki/Rhyme_scheme" title="Rhyme scheme">rhyme scheme</a>, ABB CDDC CBB. The theme of this type of villancico was usually about the <i><a href="/wiki/Saudade" title="Saudade">saudade</a></i>, about the countryside and the shepherds, about 'the perfect woman' and about unrequited love and consequent suffering. Iberian poets were strongly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Petrarca" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco Petrarca">Francesco Petrarca</a>, an Italian poet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Villancico&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Pope-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pope_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pope_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pope_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pope_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pope, "Villancico."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laird, "Literary Evidence."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Long, "Music and Theater."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stevenson, "Ethnological Impulses."</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Villancico&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/7915021/The_Villancico_in_Early_Modern_Spain_Issues_of_Form_Genre_and_Function">Álvaro Torrente, "The Villancico in Early Modern Spain: Issues of Form, Genre and Function". <i>Journal of the Institute of Romance Studies</i>, 8 (2000), 57-77</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/7484716/The_early_history_of_villancico_libretti">Álvaro Torrente, “The early history of villancico libretti”, en <i>Musicology today: problems and perspectives</i>, Kyiv: Ukrainian National Tchaikovsky Academy of Music, 2009, pp. 326-336.</a></li> <li>Paul W. Borg, "The Polyphonic Music in the Guatemalan Music Manuscripts of the Lilly Library," 4 vols., Bloomington: Indiana University, Ph.D. dissertation, 1985.</li> <li>Knighton, Tess and Álvaro Torrente, eds. <i>Devotional Music in the Iberian World, 1450-1900: The Villancico and Related Genres.</i> Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2007.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/12512889/Pliegos_de_villancicos_en_la_Hispanic_Society_of_America">Álvaro Torrente, "Pliegos de villancicos en la Hispanic Society of America". <i>Pliegos de Bibliofilia</i>, 19 (2002), 3-19</a></li> <li>Laird, Paul R. "Literary Evidence and Ceremonial Use of the Villancico at San Lorenzo del Escorial Through the Late Seventeenth Century." <i>Inter-American Music Review.</i> 17, no. 1-2: 151-156, 2007.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Lehnhoff" title="Dieter Lehnhoff">Lehnhoff, Dieter</a>, "The Villancicos of the Guatemalan Composer Raphael Antonio Castellanos (d. 1791): A Selective Edition and Critical Commentary," Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America, Ph.D. dissertation, 1990.</li> <li>Long, Pamela H. "Music and Theater in Colonial Mexico." <i>Ars Lyrica</i> 9: 67-78, 1998.</li> <li>Stevenson, Robert. <i>Christmas Music from Baroque Mexico</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974.</li> <li>Stevenson, Robert. "Ethnological Impulses in the Baroque Villancico." <i>Inter-American Music Review</i> 14, no. 1: 67-106, 1994.</li> <li>Stevenson, Robert. <i>Renaissance and Baroque Musical Sources in the Americas</i>, Washington, D.C.: Organization of American States, General Secretariat, 1970.</li> <li>Pope, Isabel and Paul R. Laird. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/29375">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Villancico." In <i>Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online</i>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Villancico.%22+In+Grove+Music+Online.+Oxford+Music+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmusiconline.com%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2Fgrove%2Fmusic%2F29375&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVillancico" class="Z3988"></span>, (accessed October 14, 2009).</li> <li>Underberg, Natalie. "Sor Juana’s ‘Villancicos’: Context, Gender, and Genre." <i>Western Folklore</i> 60, no. 4: 297-316, 2001.</li> <li>Gómez, Maricarmen (ed.). <i>Historia de la Música en España e Hispanoamérica 2. De los Reyes Católicos a Felipe II</i>. Madrid-México D.F.: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2012, chap. 1-2.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Villancico&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_of_Spain" title="Template:Music of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Music of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Music of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolero_(Spanish_dance)" title="Bolero (Spanish dance)">Bolero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_rumba" title="Catalan rumba">Catalan rumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirigota" title="Chirigota">Chirigota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copla_(music)" title="Copla (music)">Copla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupl%C3%A9" title="Cuplé">Cuplé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endecha" title="Endecha">Endecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensalada_(music)" title="Ensalada (music)">Ensalada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandango" title="Fandango">Fandango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folia" title="Folia">Folia</a></li> <li>Isa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1cara" title="Jácara">Jácara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jota_(music)" title="Jota (music)">Jota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mui%C3%B1eira" title="Muiñeira">Muiñeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_flamenco" title="New flamenco">New flamenco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Can%C3%A7%C3%B3" title="Nova Cançó">Nova Cançó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passacaglia" title="Passacaglia">Pasacalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasodoble" title="Pasodoble">Pasodoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_catal%C3%A0" title="Rock català">Rock català</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_urbano" title="Rock urbano">Rock urbano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seguidilla" title="Seguidilla">Seguidilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevillanas" title="Sevillanas">Sevillana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajaraste" title="Tajaraste">Tajaraste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiento" title="Tiento">Tiento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonadilla" title="Tonadilla">Tonadilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tono_humano" title="Tono humano">Tono humano</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Villancico</a></li> <li>Xiringüelu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela">Zarzuela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nero_chico" title="Género chico">Género chico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_music" title="Romani music">Romani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Palo_(flamenco)" title="Palo (flamenco)">palos</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alegr%C3%ADas" title="Alegrías">Alegrías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albore%C3%A1" title="Alboreá">Alboreá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambera" title="Bambera">Bambera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buler%C3%ADas" title="Bulerías">Bulerías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cante_flamenco" title="Cante flamenco">Cante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cante_jondo" title="Cante jondo">Cante jondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantes_a_palo_seco" title="Cantes a palo seco">Cantes a palo seco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantes_libres" title="Cantes libres">Cantes libres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canti%C3%B1as" title="Cantiñas">Cantiñas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campanilleros" title="Campanilleros">Campanilleros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartageneras" title="Cartageneras">Cartageneras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farruca" title="Farruca">Farruca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrot%C3%ADn" title="Garrotín">Garrotín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grana%C3%ADna" title="Granaína">Granaína</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guajiras_(Flamenco)" title="Guajiras (Flamenco)">Guajiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malague%C3%B1as_(flamenco_style)" title="Malagueñas (flamenco style)">Malagueñas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinetes" title="Martinetes">Martinetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peteneras" title="Peteneras">Peteneras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_(flamenco_palo)" title="Polo (flamenco palo)">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumba_flamenca" title="Rumba flamenca">Rumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeta_(flamenco)" title="Saeta (flamenco)">Saeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siguiriyas" title="Siguiriyas">Siguiriyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole%C3%A1" title="Soleá">Soleá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole%C3%A1_por_Buler%C3%ADas" class="mw-redirect" title="Soleá por Bulerías">Soleá por Bulerías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tango_(flamenco)" title="Tango (flamenco)">Tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarantas" title="Tarantas">Tarantas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tientos_(Flamenco)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tientos (Flamenco)">Tientos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ton%C3%A1s" title="Tonás">Tonás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdiales" title="Verdiales">Verdiales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambra" title="Zambra">Zambra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_music#Spain" title="Romani music">Romani (Gypsy)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_(c.1845),_Martin_Style_3-17_(1859)_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg/100px-C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg/150px-C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg/200px-C._F._Martin_Spanish-style_guitar_%28c.1845%29%2C_Martin_Style_3-17_%281859%29_-_C.F._Martin_Guitar_Factory_2012-08-06_-_011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music by region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Andalusia" title="Music of Andalusia">Andalusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Aragon" title="Music of Aragon">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Balearic_Islands" title="Music of the Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_music" title="Basque music">Basque Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Canary_Islands" title="Music of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Castile_and_Leon" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Castile and Leon">Castile and Leon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Catalonia" title="Music of Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Extremadura" title="Music of Extremadura">Extremadura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_music_of_Galicia,_Cantabria_and_Asturias" title="Traditional music of Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias">Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Murcia" title="Music of Murcia">Murcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Navarre_and_La_Rioja" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Navarre and La Rioja">Navarre and La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Valencia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Valencia">Valencia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music by genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_folk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish folk music">Spanish folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_jazz" title="Spanish jazz">Spanish jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish hip hop">Spanish hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_opera" title="Spanish opera">Spanish opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish rock">Spanish rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benidorm_International_Song_Festival" title="Benidorm International Song Festival">Benidorm International Song Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benidorm_Fest" title="Benidorm Fest">Benidorm Fest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Internacional_de_Santander" title="Festival Internacional de Santander">Festival Internacional de Santander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_OTI_Festival" title="Spain in the OTI Festival">OTI Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboka" title="Alboka">Alboka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandurria" title="Bandurria">Bandurria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castanets" title="Castanets">Castanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_shawm" title="Catalan shawm">Catalan shawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A1caras" title="Chácaras">Chácaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-strung_harp" title="Cross-strung harp">Cross-strung harp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulzaina" title="Dulzaina">Dulzaina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscorn" title="Fiscorn">Fiscorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flabiol" title="Flabiol">Flabiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_gastore%C3%B1a" title="Gaita gastoreña">Gaita gastoreña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gralla_(instrument)" title="Gralla (instrument)">Gralla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarra_de_canya" title="Guitarra de canya">Guitarra de canya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarro_(instrument)" title="Guitarro (instrument)">Guitarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirikoketa" title="Kirikoketa">Kirikoketa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmas_(music)" title="Palmas (music)">Palmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalterium_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Psalterium (instrument)">Psalterium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabel_(instrument)" title="Rabel (instrument)">Rabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambori" title="Tambori">Tambori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timple" title="Timple">Timple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trikiti" title="Trikiti">Trikiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Txalaparta" title="Txalaparta">Txalaparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Txistu" title="Txistu">Txistu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vihuela" title="Vihuela">Vihuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viol" title="Viol">Viol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xirula" title="Xirula">Xirula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friction_drum" title="Friction drum">Zambomba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_bagpipes#Spain_and_Portugal" title="List of bagpipes">Gaita</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_asturiana" title="Gaita asturiana">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_de_boto" title="Gaita de boto">de boto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_cabreiresa" title="Gaita cabreiresa">Cabreiresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_gaita" title="Galician gaita">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odrecillo" title="Odrecillo">Odrecillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_de_saco" title="Gaita de saco">de saco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_sanabresa" title="Gaita sanabresa">Sanabresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sac_de_gemecs" title="Sac de gemecs">Sac de gemecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeremia" title="Xeremia">Xeremia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guitar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_guitar" title="Baroque guitar">Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_guitar" title="Classical guitar">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_guitar" title="Flamenco guitar">Flamenco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarra_latina" title="Guitarra latina">Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarra_morisca" title="Guitarra morisca">Morisca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music ensembles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cobla" title="Cobla">Cobla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charanga_(Spain)" title="Charanga (Spain)">Charanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirigota" title="Chirigota">Chirigota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparsa" title="Comparsa">Comparsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondalla" title="Rondalla">Rondalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna_(music)" title="Tuna (music)">Tuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_genres_in_the_Hispanosphere" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_in_Spanish" title="Template:Music in Spanish"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_in_Spanish" title="Template talk:Music in Spanish"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_in_Spanish" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music in Spanish"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_genres_in_the_Hispanosphere" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Music genres in the <a href="/wiki/Hispanophone" title="Hispanophone">Hispanosphere</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Andean_music" title="Andean music">Andean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bambuco" title="Bambuco">Bambuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnavalito" title="Carnavalito">Carnavalito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diablada" title="Diablada">Diablada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayno" title="Huayno">Huayno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morenada" title="Morenada">Morenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saya_(art_form)" title="Saya (art form)">Saya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinku" title="Tinku">Tinku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Spaniard folk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_rumba" title="Catalan rumba">Catalan rumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copla_(music)" title="Copla (music)">Copla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandango" title="Fandango">Fandango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albore%C3%A1" title="Alboreá">Alboreá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buler%C3%ADas" title="Bulerías">Bulerías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canti%C3%B1as" title="Cantiñas">Cantiñas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumba_flamenca" title="Rumba flamenca">Rumba flamenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeta_(flamenco)" title="Saeta (flamenco)">Saeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole%C3%A1" title="Soleá">Soleá</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folia" title="Folia">Folia</a></li> <li>Isa (from <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jota_(music)" title="Jota (music)">Jota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malague%C3%B1a_(genre)" title="Malagueña (genre)">Malagueña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasodoble" title="Pasodoble">Pasodoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajaraste" title="Tajaraste">Tajaraste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela">Zarzuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urbano_music" title="Urbano music">Latin urban</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_hip_hop" title="Latin hip hop">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_house" title="Latin house">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_en_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="Reggae en Español">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_R%26B" title="Latin R&B">R&B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_trap" title="Latin trap">Trap</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Reggaeton" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">Reggaeton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_reggaeton" title="Alternative reggaeton">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachat%C3%B3n" title="Bachatón">Bachatón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moombahton" title="Moombahton">Moombahton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoperreo" title="Neoperreo">Neoperreo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_reggaet%C3%B3n" title="Panamanian reggaetón">Panamanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Litoraleña</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamarrita" title="Chamarrita">Chamarrita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarania_(music)" title="Guarania (music)">Guarania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_polka" title="Paraguayan polka">Paraguayan polka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamam%C3%A9" title="Chamamé">Chamamé</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_criolla" title="Música criolla">Peruvian coastal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Peruvian_music" title="Afro-Peruvian music">Afro-Peruvian music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festejo" title="Festejo">Festejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land%C3%B3_(music)" title="Landó (music)">Landó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_de_los_Diablos" title="Son de los Diablos">Son de los Diablos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toro_Mata" title="Toro Mata">Toro Mata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinera" title="Marinera">Marinera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tondero" title="Tondero">Tondero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vals_criollo" class="mw-redirect" title="Vals criollo">Vals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamacueca" title="Zamacueca">Zamacueca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">Latin pop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_ballad" title="Latin ballad">Ballad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropipop" title="Tropipop">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_pop_music" title="Mexican pop music">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_canci%C3%B3n" title="Nueva canción">Nueva canción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_trova" title="Nueva trova">Nueva trova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_styles_of_Mexican_music" title="Regional styles of Mexican music">Regional<br />Mexican</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corrido" title="Corrido">Corrido</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corridos_tumbados" title="Corridos tumbados">Corridos tumbados</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjunto" title="Conjunto">Conjunto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norte%C3%B1o_(music)" title="Norteño (music)">Norteño</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nortec" title="Nortec">Nortec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupera" title="Grupera">Grupera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duranguense" title="Duranguense">Duranguense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_music" title="Banda music">Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariachi" title="Mariachi">Mariachi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarabe" title="Jarabe">Jarabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchera" title="Ranchera">Ranchera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trival" class="mw-redirect" title="Trival">Trival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Cone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">Candombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">Cueca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_cebolla" title="Música cebolla">Música cebolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murga" title="Murga">Murga</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tango" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Tango_music" title="Tango music">Tango</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_tango" title="Argentine tango">Argentine tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vals_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vals (music)">Vals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotango" title="Neotango">Neotango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_tango" title="Nuevo tango">Nuevo tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_tango" title="Uruguayan tango">Uruguayan tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandoneon" title="Bandoneon">Bandoneon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orquesta_t%C3%ADpica" title="Orquesta típica">Orquesta típica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rock_en_espa%C3%B1ol" title="Rock en español">Rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_alternative" title="Latin alternative">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_rock" title="Argentine rock">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rock" title="Chicano rock">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_rock" title="Chilean rock">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_rock" title="Colombian rock">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rock" title="Cuban rock">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_rock" title="Dominican rock">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_rock" title="Ecuadorian rock">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_rock" title="Latin rock">Latin rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_metal" title="Latin metal">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Mexico" title="Rock music in Mexico">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_ola" title="Nueva ola">Nueva ola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_rock" title="Peruvian rock">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock music in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Spain" title="Rock music in Spain">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_rock" title="Uruguayan rock">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_rock" title="Venezuelan rock">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional folk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chacarera" title="Chacarera">Chacarera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_zuliana" title="Gaita zuliana">Gaita zuliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gato_(artform)" title="Gato (artform)">Gato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joropo" title="Joropo">Joropo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_mexicano" title="Son mexicano">Mexican Son</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Son_huasteco" title="Son huasteco">huasteco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_jalisciense" title="Son jalisciense">jalisciense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_jarocho" title="Son jarocho">jarocho</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonada" title="Tonada">Tonada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamacueca" title="Zamacueca">Zamacueca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">Cueca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinera" title="Marinera">Marinera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamba_(artform)" title="Zamba (artform)">Zamba</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_music" title="Tropical music">Tropical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachata_(music)" title="Bachata (music)">Bachata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolero" title="Bolero">Bolero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_music" title="Calypso music">Calypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cha-cha-ch%C3%A1_(music)" title="Cha-cha-chá (music)">Cha-cha-cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champeta" title="Champeta">Champeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%C3%BC%C3%AD" title="Changüí">Changüí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charanga_(Cuba)" title="Charanga (Cuba)">Charanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conga_(music)" title="Conga (music)">Conga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuarteto" title="Cuarteto">Cuarteto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danz%C3%B3n" title="Danzón">Danzón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guajira_(music)" title="Guajira (music)">Guajira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaracha" title="Guaracha">Guaracha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mambo_(music)" title="Mambo (music)">Mambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merengue_music" title="Merengue music">Merengue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ringue" title="Méringue">Méringue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachanga" title="Pachanga">Pachanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rumba" title="Cuban rumba">Rumba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guaguanc%C3%B3" title="Guaguancó">Guaguancó</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">Salsa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_dura" title="Salsa dura">dura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_rom%C3%A1ntica" title="Salsa romántica">romántica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_cubano" title="Son cubano">Son cubano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Son_montuno" title="Son montuno">montuno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timba" title="Timba">Timba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trova" title="Trova">Trova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charanga-vallenata" title="Charanga-vallenata">Charanga-vallenata</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cumbia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">Cumbia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_cumbia" title="Argentine cumbia">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullerengue" title="Bullerengue">Bullerengue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_(Colombia)" title="Cumbia (Colombia)">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_cumbia" title="Mexican cumbia">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Chilean_cumbia" title="New Chilean cumbia">New Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_(Panama)" title="Cumbia (Panama)">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_cumbia" title="Peruvian cumbia">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porro" title="Porro">Porro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_rap" title="Cumbia rap">Rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecnocumbia" title="Tecnocumbia">Tecnocumbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_villera" title="Cumbia villera">Villera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachaca_(musical_genre)" title="Cachaca (musical genre)">Cachaca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Afro-Latin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Peruvian_music" title="Afro-Peruvian music">Afro-Peruvian music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomba_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Bomba (Puerto Rico)">Bomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomba_(Ecuador)" title="Bomba (Ecuador)">Bomba del Chota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">Candombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Afro-Cuban jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapal%C3%A9" title="Mapalé">Mapalé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambor_(dance)" title="Tambor (dance)">Tambor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_music" title="Tropical music">Tropical music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguinaldo_(music)" title="Aguinaldo (music)">Aguinaldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canci%C3%B3n_mel%C3%B3dica" title="Canción melódica">Canción melódica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Christian_music" title="Latin Christian music">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contradanza" title="Contradanza">Contradanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criolla" title="Criolla">Criolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danza" title="Danza">Danza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cima" title="Décima">Décima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passacaglia" title="Passacaglia">Pasacalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasillo" title="Pasillo">Pasillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plena" title="Plena">Plena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preg%C3%B3n" title="Pregón">Pregón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punto_guajiro" title="Punto guajiro">Punto guajiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seis" title="Seis">Seis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_opera" title="Spanish opera">Spanish opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_jazz" title="Spanish jazz">Spanish jazz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Villancico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_music" title="Latin music">Latin music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_music_subgenres" title="List of Latin music subgenres">subgenres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines#Hispanic-influenced_music" title="Music of the Philippines">Hispanic-influenced music in the Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1232283#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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