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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rondalla"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Rondalla</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rondalla-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harana_and_kundiman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harana_and_kundiman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Harana and kundiman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harana_and_kundiman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classical_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Classical music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chorale_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chorale_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Chorale music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chorale_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Popular music</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Popular_music-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Popular music subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Popular_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Manila_sound" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manila_sound"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Manila sound</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manila_sound-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Original_Pilipino_Music_(OPM)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Original_Pilipino_Music_(OPM)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Original Pilipino Music (OPM)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Original_Pilipino_Music_(OPM)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-OPM_in_other_Philippine_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#OPM_in_other_Philippine_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>OPM in other Philippine languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-OPM_in_other_Philippine_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pinoy_pop_(P-pop)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinoy_pop_(P-pop)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Pinoy pop (P-pop)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinoy_pop_(P-pop)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pinoy_rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinoy_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pinoy rock</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pinoy_rock-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Pinoy rock subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pinoy_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>1980s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>1990s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>2000s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>2010s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>2020s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pinoy_jazz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinoy_jazz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pinoy jazz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinoy_jazz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_genres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_genres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Other genres</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_genres-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other genres subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_genres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hip_hop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hip_hop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Hip hop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hip_hop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Novelty_pop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novelty_pop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Novelty pop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novelty_pop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_and_bossa-nova" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_and_bossa-nova"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Latin and bossa-nova</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_and_bossa-nova-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reggae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reggae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Reggae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reggae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electronica_and_ambient" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronica_and_ambient"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Electronica and ambient</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electronica_and_ambient-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bangsamoro_pop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangsamoro_pop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Bangsamoro pop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangsamoro_pop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_as_protest_in_the_Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_as_protest_in_the_Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Music as protest in the Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_as_protest_in_the_Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:21em; border: 4px double #FCD116; background:#FFF;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:#000000;">Part of a series on the</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#0038A8; border: 1px double #333;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Culture of the Philippines"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Culture of the Philippines</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#CE1126; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #333;"> Society</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines" title="History of the Philippines">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Languages of the Philippines">Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Sign_Language" title="Filipino Sign Language">sign language</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Philippines" title="Ethnic groups in the Philippines">ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Philippines" title="Indigenous peoples of the Philippines">indigenous peoples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Religion in the Philippines">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_values" title="Filipino values">Value system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_kinship" title="Philippine kinship">Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_styles_and_honorifics" title="Filipino styles and honorifics">Honorifics</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#CE1126; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #333;"> Arts and literature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines" title="Architecture of the Philippines">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines" title="Arts in the Philippines">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_comics" title="Philippine comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_the_Philippines" title="Dance in the Philippines">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_and_clothing_in_the_Philippines" title="Fashion and clothing in the Philippines">Fashion and clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_literature" title="Philippine literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#CE1126; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #333;"> Other</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Cultural_Properties_of_the_Philippines" title="Lists of Cultural Properties of the Philippines">Cultural Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_folk_literature" title="Philippine folk literature">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_markers_of_the_Philippines" title="Historical markers of the Philippines">Historical markers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_Philippines" title="Mass media in the Philippines">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_Philippines" title="List of newspapers in the Philippines">newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_Philippines" title="Radio in the Philippines">radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Philippines" title="Cinema of the Philippines">cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_Philippines" title="Television in the Philippines">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_Philippines" title="Internet in the Philippines">Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_mythology" title="Philippine mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Philippines" title="Public holidays in the Philippines">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_the_Philippines" title="List of festivals in the Philippines">festivals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_Philippines" title="Sports in the Philippines">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_in_the_Philippines" title="Traditional games in the Philippines">Traditional games</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#CE1126; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #333;"> <a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_Philippines" title="National symbols of the Philippines"><span style="color:#FFF;">Symbols</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lupang_Hinirang" title="Lupang Hinirang">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_eagle" title="Philippine eagle">Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Philippines" title="Coat of arms of the Philippines">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Philippines" title="Flag of the Philippines">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasminum_sambac" title="Jasminum sambac">Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinctada_maxima" title="Pinctada maxima">Gem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_Philippines" title="Great Seal of the Philippines">Great Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maka-Diyos,_Maka-tao,_Makakalikasan_at_Makabansa" title="Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnis" title="Arnis">Sport and martial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterocarpus_indicus" title="Pterocarpus indicus">Tree</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philippines" title="Portal:Philippines">Philippines portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:Culture of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Culture of the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>music of the Philippines</b> (<a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>: <i lang="fil">Musika ng Pilipinas</i>) includes the musical performance arts in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> and the music of <a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">Filipinos</a> composed in various local and international <a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">genres</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_music_genres_and_styles" title="List of music genres and styles">styles</a>. Philippine musical compositions are often a mixture of Indigenous styles, and various <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Asia" title="Music of Asia">Asian</a> styles, as well as <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Spanish</a>/<a href="/wiki/Music_of_Latin_America" title="Music of Latin America">Latin American</a> and (US) <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">American</a> influences through foreign rule from those countries. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indigenous_music">Indigenous music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Indigenous music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Philippine_folk_music" title="Philippine folk music">Philippine folk music</a></div> <p>Notable indigenous musicians include Ukà of Lange-Lange who specialized in the <a href="/wiki/Kutiyapi" title="Kutiyapi">kutiyapi</a>, the most difficult of all indigenous Philippine instruments,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Masino Intaray who specialized in the basal, aroding, and babarak,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Samaon Solaiman, who specializes as well in the kutiyapi.<sup id="cite_ref-bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable folk song composers include the National Artist for Music <a href="/wiki/Lucio_San_Pedro" title="Lucio San Pedro">Lucio San Pedro</a>, who composed the famous "<a href="/wiki/Sa_Ugoy_ng_Duyan" title="Sa Ugoy ng Duyan">Sa Ugoy ng Duyan</a>" that recalls the loving touch of a mother to her child. Another composer, the National Artist for Music <a href="/wiki/Antonino_Buenaventura" title="Antonino Buenaventura">Antonino Buenaventura</a>, is notable for notating folk songs and dances. Buenaventura composed the music for "<a href="/wiki/Pandanggo" title="Pandanggo">Pandanggo sa Ilaw</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gong_music">Gong music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gong music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Philippine gong music today can be geographically divided into two types: the flat gongs commonly known as <i>gangsà</i> unique to the groups in the <a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Administrative_Region" title="Cordillera Administrative Region">Cordillera mountains</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nipple_gong" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipple gong">bossed gongs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Moro_people" title="Moro people">Muslim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Philippines" title="Indigenous peoples of the Philippines">animist</a> groups spanning the <a href="/wiki/Sulu_archipelago" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulu archipelago">Sulu archipelago</a>, much of <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a>, and the inlands of <a href="/wiki/Panay" title="Panay">Panay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mindoro" title="Mindoro">Mindoro</a>. The latter were once ubiquitous throughout coastal, lowland Philippine societies before widespread Christianization, and less frequently imports of <a href="/wiki/Chau_gong" class="mw-redirect" title="Chau gong">flat <i>chau</i> gongs</a> from China. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaamulan_2007_-_Matigsalug_kulintang_ensemble.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Kaamulan_2007_-_Matigsalug_kulintang_ensemble.jpg/220px-Kaamulan_2007_-_Matigsalug_kulintang_ensemble.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Kaamulan_2007_-_Matigsalug_kulintang_ensemble.jpg/330px-Kaamulan_2007_-_Matigsalug_kulintang_ensemble.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Kaamulan_2007_-_Matigsalug_kulintang_ensemble.jpg/440px-Kaamulan_2007_-_Matigsalug_kulintang_ensemble.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Matigsalug" title="Matigsalug">Matigsalug</a> kulintang ensemble</figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Kulintang" title="Kulintang">Kulintang</a></i> refers to a racked <a href="/wiki/Gong_chime" title="Gong chime">gong chime</a> instrument played in the southern islands of the Philippines, along with its varied accompanying ensembles. Different groups have different ways of playing the <i>kulintang</i>. Two major groups seem to stand out in <i>kulintang</i> music. These are the Maguindanaon and the Maranao. The kulintang instrument itself could be traced to either the introduction of gongs to Southeast Asia from <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> before the 9th century CE or more likely, to the introduction of bossed gong chimes from <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> in the 16th century. Nevertheless, the kulintang ensemble is the most advanced form of ensemble music with origins in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(900%E2%80%931565)" title="History of the Philippines (900–1565)">pre-colonial epoch of Philippine history</a> and is a living tradition in southern parts of the country. </p><p>The musical traditions involving the <i>kulintang</i> ensemble consist of regional musical styles and varying instrumentation transcending the present national borders of maritime Southeast Asia, comprising <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a>, animist, <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Islam in Southeast Asia">Muslim</a>, and Christian peoples around <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Sunda_Islands" title="Lesser Sunda Islands">lesser Sunda islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulu_Archipelago" title="Sulu Archipelago">Sulu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a>. It is distantly related to the <i><a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a></i> ensembles of <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Java" title="Music of Java">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bali" title="Music of Bali">Bali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malay_gamelan" title="Malay gamelan">Sumatra & the Malay peninsula</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Banjar_people" title="Banjar people">south Borneo</a>, even moreso the ensembles of <a href="/wiki/Khong_wong_yai" title="Khong wong yai">mainland Southeast Asia</a>, primarily because of the usage for the same racked bossed gong chimes that play melody and/or percussion </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hispanic-influenced_music">Hispanic-influenced music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hispanic-influenced music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Philippine_folk_music" title="Philippine folk music">Philippine folk music</a> has some Spanish and Latin American influence, derived from the period the country, along with Guam and the Mariana islands, was ruled from Mexico City and Madrid by the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1565%E2%80%931898)" title="History of the Philippines (1565–1898)">Spanish viceroyalty</a>. It is seen in folk and traditional music, of coastal lowland regions of <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visayas" title="Visayas">Visayas</a>, and the predominantly Visayan <a href="/wiki/Misamis_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Misamis (disambiguation)">north</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caraga" title="Caraga">east</a> Mindanao alongside the westernmost tip of <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga</a>. </p><p>Hispanic music in the Philippines derived from <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Iberian</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mexico" title="Music of Mexico">Mexican</a> traditions, owing to the Philippine colony's <a href="/wiki/Manila_galleon" title="Manila galleon">orientation</a> as a distant entrepôt for resale of primarily Chinese and other Asian luxury goods across the Pacific to mainland <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Acapulco" title="Acapulco">Acapulco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>). Aside from standardized genres are many precolonial musical forms syncretized with Catholic and general Hispanic idioms, typically involving in religious folk rituals. The <a href="/wiki/Pasyon" title="Pasyon">Pasyon</a> chants ubiquitous among Christian Filipinos preserve prehispanicized vocal styles, and invocations of patron saints throughout many towns inherited <a href="/wiki/Anito" title="Anito">precolonial forms of ancestor and spirit worship</a>. Examples include <i><a href="/wiki/Subli" title="Subli">subli</a></i> (Batangas), <i><a href="/wiki/Sinulog" title="Sinulog">sinulog</a></i> (Cebu), <i><a href="/wiki/Tinikling" title="Tinikling">tinikling</a></i> (Leyte), and <i>bolibong kingking</i> (Bohol). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rondalla">Rondalla</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rondalla"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DOT_to_boost_Japanese_tourist_arrivals_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/DOT_to_boost_Japanese_tourist_arrivals_04.jpg/220px-DOT_to_boost_Japanese_tourist_arrivals_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/DOT_to_boost_Japanese_tourist_arrivals_04.jpg/330px-DOT_to_boost_Japanese_tourist_arrivals_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/DOT_to_boost_Japanese_tourist_arrivals_04.jpg/440px-DOT_to_boost_Japanese_tourist_arrivals_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rondalla" title="Rondalla">Rondalla</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Rondalla" title="Rondalla">rondalla</a></i> is a traditional string orchestra comprising four-string, <a href="/wiki/Mandolin" title="Mandolin">mandolin</a>-type instruments such as the <a href="/wiki/Banduria" class="mw-redirect" title="Banduria">banduria</a> and <a href="/wiki/La%C3%BAd" title="Laúd">laud</a>; a <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitar</a>; a <a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double bass</a>; and often a drum for percussion. The rondalla has its origins in the Iberian <i>rondalla</i> tradition and is used to accompany several Hispanic-influenced song forms and dances. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harana_and_kundiman">Harana and kundiman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Harana and kundiman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Harana_(serenade)" title="Harana (serenade)"><i>harana</i></a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Kundiman" title="Kundiman">kundiman</a></i> are popular lyrical songs dating back to the Spanish period and are customarily used in courtship rituals. The <i>harana</i> is rooted in the <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mexico" title="Music of Mexico">Mexican</a>-<a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Spanish</a> from Spain, traditional and based on the rhythmic patterns of the <a href="/wiki/Habanera_(aria)" title="Habanera (aria)">habanera</a>. The <i>kundiman</i>, meanwhile, has precolonial origins from the <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalophone</a> parts of the country, uses a triple meter rhythm, and is characterized by beginning in a <a href="/wiki/Minor_key" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor key">minor key</a> and shifting to a major one in the second half. Harana and kundiman are stylistically different. Whereas harana is in 2/4 time, kundiman is in 3/4. The formula is verse 1 on minor key followed by verse 2 on parallel major key midway through. </p><p>In the 1920s, <i>harana</i> and <i>kundiman</i> became more mainstream after performers such as <a href="/wiki/Atang_de_la_Rama" title="Atang de la Rama">Atang de la Rama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jovita_Fuentes" title="Jovita Fuentes">Jovita Fuentes</a>, Conching Rosal, <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_La_Torre" title="Sylvia La Torre">Sylvia La Torre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ruben_Tagalog" title="Ruben Tagalog">Ruben Tagalog</a> introduced them to a wider audience. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classical_music">Classical music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Classical music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Introduced during the Spanish colonial period, classical music was highly enjoyed by the wealthy elite class. From the latter part of the 19th century, the rise of the "illustrados" or the "educated natives" began to dominate the classical music scene. Such native composers include <a href="/wiki/Jose_Canseco,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Canseco, Jr.">Jose Canseco, Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Adonay" title="Marcelo Adonay">Marcelo Adonay</a>, Simplicio Solis, Fulgencio Tolentino, and Bonifacio Abdon.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:1908_Recording_of_Ang_Maya_by_Maria_Evangelista_Carpena.ogg" title="File:1908 Recording of Ang Maya by Maria Evangelista Carpena.ogg">"Ang Maya" from the zarzuela "Filipinas para los Filipinos"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="193" data-mwtitle="1908_Recording_of_Ang_Maya_by_Maria_Evangelista_Carpena.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/1908_Recording_of_Ang_Maya_by_Maria_Evangelista_Carpena.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/1908_Recording_of_Ang_Maya_by_Maria_Evangelista_Carpena.ogg/1908_Recording_of_Ang_Maya_by_Maria_Evangelista_Carpena.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Composed by Jose Estella and sung by <a href="/wiki/Maria_Carpena" title="Maria Carpena">Maria Evangelista Carpena</a> under <a href="/wiki/Victor_Recording_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Recording Company">Victor Recording Company</a> (1908)</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>The theatrical Spanish <a href="/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela">zarzuela</a> was later adapted and localized in Philippine music. It was first introduced in 1879 and appeared in 1900.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the aftermath of the American invasion, the colonizers view the music form as "seditious" due to its use to promote nationalistic sentiments.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Composers who specialized in zarzuela include <a href="/wiki/Jose_Estella" title="Jose Estella">Jose Estella</a> and Bonifacio Abdon.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The zarzuela was considered to be the predecessor of kundiman.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Formal classical music training appeared during the 1900s. Because of the new public school system, music was included in the curriculum. The establishment of music conservatories and colleges were implemented for tertiary education. The earlier schools include the Scholastica's College (1906) and the University of the Philippines Conservatory of Music (1916). Most of the graduates of these schools became leading classical composers such as <a href="/wiki/Nicanor_Abelardo" title="Nicanor Abelardo">Nicanor Abelardo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Santiago" title="Francisco Santiago">Francisco Santiago</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Molina_(composer)" title="Antonio Molina (composer)">Antonio Molina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inspired by American neoclassism, contemporary methods were employed by <a href="/wiki/Lucrecia_Kasilag" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucrecia Kasilag">Lucrecia Kasilag</a> and Eliseo Pajaro in their classical works. However, it was <a href="/wiki/Jose_Maceda" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Maceda">Jose Maceda</a> who liberated Filipino expressionism from the European forms of classical music.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between the late 20th century and the 21st century, notable classical composers include <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Pagayon_Santos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramon Pagayon Santos">Ramon Pagayon Santos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Feliciano" title="Francisco Feliciano">Francisco Feliciano</a>. Groups who specialized in classical music include the Philippine Youth Orchestra, <a href="/wiki/Manila_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Manila Symphony Orchestra">Manila Symphony Orchestra</a>, and the U.P. Symphony Orchestra.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chorale_music">Chorale music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Chorale music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Choral music has become an important part of Philippine music culture. It dates back to the choirs of churches that sung during mass in the old days. In the middle of the 20th century, performing choral groups started to emerge and increasingly become popular as time goes by. Aside from churches, universities, schools, and local communities have established choirs. </p><p>Philippine choral arrangers like Robert Delgado, Fidel Calalang, <a href="/wiki/Lucio_San_Pedro" title="Lucio San Pedro">Lucio San Pedro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eudenice_Palaruan" title="Eudenice Palaruan">Eudenice Palaruan</a> among others have included in the vast repertoires of choirs beautiful arrangements of OPM, folk songs, patriotic songs, novelty songs, love songs, and even foreign songs. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Madrigal_Singers" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Madrigal Singers">Philippine Madrigal Singers</a> (originally the University of the Philippines Madrigal Singers) is one of the most famous choral groups not only in the Philippines, but also worldwide. Winning international competitions, the group became one of the most formidable choral groups in the country. Other award-winning choral groups are the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas_Singers" title="University of Santo Tomas Singers">University of Santo Tomas Singers</a>, the Philippine Meistersingers (Former Adventist University of the Philippines Ambassadors), the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Singing_Ambassadors" title="University of the Philippines Singing Ambassadors">U.P. Singing Ambassadors</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Concert_Chorus" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the Philippines Concert Chorus">U.P. Concert Chorus</a>, among others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_music">Popular music <span class="anchor" id="OPM"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Popular music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manila_sound">Manila sound</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Manila sound"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Manila_sound" title="Manila sound">Manila sound</a></div> <p>Manila sound is a musical genre that began in the mid-1970s in the city of <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Manila</a>. The genre flourished and peaked in the mid to late-1970s. It is often considered the "bright side" of the <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_the_Philippines#Under_the_Marcos_administration" title="Martial law in the Philippines">Philippine martial law era</a> and has influenced most of the modern genres in the country, being the forerunner to <a href="/wiki/Original_Pilipino_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Original Pilipino Music">OPM</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Original_Pilipino_Music_(OPM)"><span id="Original_Pilipino_Music_.28OPM.29"></span>Original Pilipino Music (OPM)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Original Pilipino Music (OPM)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Original Pilipino Music</b>, more commonly referred to as OPM, a commercial <a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">acronym</a> coined by <a href="/wiki/Danny_Javier" title="Danny Javier">Danny Javier</a> of the <a href="/wiki/APO_Hiking_Society" title="APO Hiking Society">APO Hiking Society</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> originally referred only to the pop genre of music from the Philippines, predominantly ballads and novelty numbers, that became popular after the wane of its direct 1970s commercial predecessor, <b>Manila sound</b>. The term <i>"OPM"</i> became a catch-all description for all popular music of any genre composed, performed and recorded by Filipinos in the Philippines,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> originating from the Philippines. </p><p>Before the emergence of OPM in the 1970s, Philippine popular music through the 1950s and 1960s encompassed songs, mostly with <a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernacular</a> lyrics and frequently with <a href="/wiki/Film_score" title="Film score">cinematic themes</a> as recorded by artists such as <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_La_Torre" title="Sylvia La Torre">Sylvia La Torre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diomedes_Maturan" title="Diomedes Maturan">Diomedes Maturan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ric_Manrique_Jr." title="Ric Manrique Jr.">Ric Manrique Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruben_Tagalog" title="Ruben Tagalog">Ruben Tagalog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Gamboa" title="Helen Gamboa">Helen Gamboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vilma_Santos" title="Vilma Santos">Vilma Santos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Mortiz" title="Edgar Mortiz">Edgar Mortiz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carmen_Camacho" title="Carmen Camacho">Carmen Camacho</a>, among many others. There were exceptions, however, such as <a href="/wiki/Pilita_Corrales" title="Pilita Corrales">Pilita Corrales</a>, dubbed <i>Asia's Queen of Song</i>, whose popular releases included Cebuano, Tagalog, English and Spanish adaptations. From its heyday, OPM was entrenched in Manila, as Tagalog and English stood as the dominant languages. </p><p>The country's first songwriting competition, <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Popular_Music_Festival" title="Metro Manila Popular Music Festival">Metro Manila Popular Music Festival</a>, was first established in 1977 and launched by the Popular Music Foundation of the Philippines. The event featured many prominent singers and songwriters during its time. It was held annually for seven years until its discontinuation in 1985. It was later revived in 1996 as the "Metropop Song Festival", running for another seven years before being discontinued in 2003 due to the decline of its popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another variation of the festival had been established called the <a href="/wiki/Himig_Handog" title="Himig Handog">Himig Handog</a> contest which began in 2002, operated by <a href="/wiki/ABS-CBN_Corporation" title="ABS-CBN Corporation">ABS-CBN Corporation</a> and its subsidiary music label <a href="/wiki/Star_Music" title="Star Music">Star Music</a> (formerly Star Records). </p><p>Five such competitions were staged between 2000 and 2003 and was revived in 2013. Unlike their predecessors, the contest had different themes which reflect the type of song entries chosen as finalists each year.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Popular_Music_Festival" title="Philippine Popular Music Festival">Philippine Popular Music Festival</a> was launched and is said to be inspired by the first songwriting competition.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another songwriting competition for OPM music being held annually is the Bombo Music Festival, being conducted by the radio network <a href="/wiki/Bombo_Radyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombo Radyo">Bombo Radyo</a>, first conceived in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="OPM_in_other_Philippine_languages">OPM in other Philippine languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: OPM in other Philippine languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Recording artists of other regional languages, such as <a href="/wiki/Cebuano_language" title="Cebuano language">Cebuano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_language" title="Kapampangan language">Kapampangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a> and others <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Languages of the Philippines">languages of the Philippines</a> rarely broke into national prominence until the 1970s and after, particularly in the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Bisrock" title="Bisrock">Bisrock</a> (Visayan rock music); exemplified by <i>1017</i>, a Davao-based band and <i>Maldita</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Chavacano" title="Chavacano">Chavacano</a> band. </p><p>The debut music video of "Oras" ("<i>Time</i>") by <a href="/wiki/Tarlac" title="Tarlac">Tarlac</a>-based band Mernuts penetrated MTV Pilipinas, making it the first-ever Kapampangan music video to join the ranks of other mainstream Filipino music videos. <i>RocKapampangan: The Birth of Philippine Kapampangan Rock</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an album of modern remakes of Kapampangan folk extemporaneous songs by various Kapampangan bands was also launched in February 2008, and was regularly played via Kapampangan cable channel Infomax-8 and via one of Central Luzon's biggest FM radio stations, GVFM 99.1. Inspired by what the locals call "Kapampangan cultural renaissance", Angeles City-born balladeer <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Liang" title="Ronnie Liang">Ronnie Liang</a> rendered Kapampangan translations of some of his popular songs such as "Ayli" (Kapampangan version of "Ngiti"), and "Ika" (Kapampangan version of "Ikaw") for his repackaged album. </p><p>Despite the growing clamor for non-Tagalog and non-English music and the greater representation of other <a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine languages</a>, the local Philippine music industry, which is centered in Manila, is unforthcoming in venturing investments to other locations. Some of the major reasons for this include the language barrier, small market size, and socio-cultural emphasis away from regionalism in the Philippines. An example would be the <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_people" title="Ilocano people">Ilokano</a> group The Bukros Singers,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who swept through <a href="/wiki/Ilocos_Region" title="Ilocos Region">Ilocandia</a> in the 1990s and became a precursor for other Ilokano performers into the 2000s, but rarely broke through other music markets in the Philippines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pinoy_pop_(P-pop)"><span id="Pinoy_pop_.28P-pop.29"></span>Pinoy pop (P-pop)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Pinoy pop (P-pop)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pinoy_pop" title="Pinoy pop">Pinoy pop</a></div> <p>From the 2010s to the present day, Philippine pop music or <a href="/wiki/Pinoy_pop" title="Pinoy pop">P-pop</a> went through a huge resurgence, with increased quality, budget, investment and variety, mirroring that of the country's rapid <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Philippines" title="Economy of the Philippines">economic growth</a>, and an accompanying social and cultural resurgence of its Asian identity. Heavy influence from <a href="/wiki/K-pop" title="K-pop">K-pop</a> and <a href="/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop">J-pop</a>, Asian style ballads, idol groups, and EDM can be heard, with less reliance on Western genres, mirroring the <a href="/wiki/Korean_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean wave">Korean wave</a> and similar Japanese wave popularity among young Filipinos and mainstream culture. Notable P-pop music artists who define the growth of this now mainstream genre include <a href="/wiki/Regine_Velasquez" title="Regine Velasquez">Regine Velasquez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Geronimo" title="Sarah Geronimo">Sarah Geronimo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeng_Constantino" title="Yeng Constantino">Yeng Constantino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erik_Santos" title="Erik Santos">Erik Santos</a>, <a href="/wiki/KZ_Tandingan" title="KZ Tandingan">KZ Tandingan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moira_Dela_Torre" title="Moira Dela Torre">Moira Dela Torre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morissette_(singer)" title="Morissette (singer)">Morissette</a>,<a href="/wiki/SB19" title="SB19">SB19</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bini_(group)" title="Bini (group)">BINI</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pinoy_rock">Pinoy rock</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Pinoy rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pinoy_rock" title="Pinoy rock">Pinoy rock</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> occupied the Islands from 1898 until 1946 and introduced American <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">R&B</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rock_%26_roll" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock & roll">rock & roll</a> which became popular.  In the late 1950s, native performers adapted Tagalog lyrics for North American rock & roll music, resulting in the seminal origins of Philippine rock. The most notable achievement in Philippine rock of the 1960s was the hit song "Killer Joe", which propelled the group <a href="/wiki/The_Rocky_Fellers" title="The Rocky Fellers">Rocky Fellers</a>, reaching number 16 on the American radio charts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s">1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Up until the 1970s, popular rock musicians wrote and produced songs primarily in English. In the early 1970s, rock music began to be written using local languages, with bands like the <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_la_Cruz_Band" title="Juan de la Cruz Band">Juan Dela Cruz Band</a> being among the first popular bands to do so. Mixing Tagalog and English lyrics within the same song was also popular, an example of which includes the song "Ang Miss Universe Ng Buhay Ko ("<i>The Miss Universe of My Life</i>") by the band <a href="/wiki/Hotdog_(band)" title="Hotdog (band)">Hotdog</a>, who was a primary innovator in the <a href="/wiki/Manila_sound" title="Manila sound">Manila sound</a> scene. The mixing of the two languages (known as "Taglish"), while common in casual speech in the Philippines,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> was seen as a bold move,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but the success of Taglish in popular songs, including <a href="/wiki/Sharon_Cuneta" title="Sharon Cuneta">Sharon Cuneta</a>'s first hit, "Mr. DJ", broke the barrier. </p><p>Philippine rock musicians' acts were influenced by <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a> and other various cultures, helping to lead to the 1978 breakthrough success of <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Aguilar" title="Freddie Aguilar">Freddie Aguilar</a>. Aguilar's "<a href="/wiki/Anak_(song)" title="Anak (song)">Anak</a>" ("<i>Child</i>"), his debut recording, is the most commercially successful Filipino recording, and was popular throughout Asia and Europe, and has been translated into numerous languages by singers worldwide. <a href="/wiki/Asin_(band)" title="Asin (band)">Asin</a> also broke into the music scene in the same period and was popular. Other similar artists included <a href="/wiki/Sampaguita_(singer)" title="Sampaguita (singer)">Sampaguita</a>, Coritha, <a href="/wiki/Florante" title="Florante">Florante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Hanopol" title="Mike Hanopol">Mike Hanopol</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Heber_Bartolome" title="Heber Bartolome">Heber Bartolome</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s">1980s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 1980s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">Folk rock</a> became the Philippine protest music of the 1980s, and Aguilar's rendition of "<a href="/wiki/Bayan_Ko" title="Bayan Ko">Bayan Ko</a>" ("<i>My Country</i>") became popular as an <a href="/wiki/Anthem" title="Anthem">anthem</a> during the <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">1986 EDSA Revolution</a>. At the same time, a counterculture rejected the rise of politically focused lyrics. In <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Manila</a>, an underground Do-It-Yourself <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">hardcore punk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> scene developed, led by bands like Betrayed, <a href="/wiki/The_Jerks" title="The Jerks">the Jerks</a>, Urban Bandits, and Contras. The influence of <a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">new wave</a> was also felt during these years, spearheaded by <a href="/wiki/The_Dawn_(band)" title="The Dawn (band)">the Dawn</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s">1990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1990s saw the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Eraserheads" title="Eraserheads">Eraserheads</a>, considered by many Filipinos as the number one Filipino musical artist. The wake of their success saw the emergence of a string of influential Filipino rock bands such as <a href="/wiki/True_Faith_(band)" title="True Faith (band)">True Faith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yano" title="Yano">Yano</a>, Siakol, the Youth, Introvoys, After Image, <a href="/wiki/Teeth_(Filipino_band)" title="Teeth (Filipino band)">Teeth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parokya_ni_Edgar" title="Parokya ni Edgar">Parokya ni Edgar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rivermaya" title="Rivermaya">Rivermaya</a>, each of which mixed the influence of a variety of rock sub-genres into their style.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (August 2019)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup> A 1990s <a href="/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal">death metal</a> emergence (Skychurch, Genital Grinder, Death After Birth, Disinterment, Kabaong ni Kamatayan, Mass Carnage, Apostate, Murdom, Exhumed, Sacrilege, Rumblebelly, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Disinterment_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disinterment (band) (page does not exist)">Disinterment</a>, Dethrone, Aroma) had bands as prominent fixtures at <a href="/wiki/Club_Dredd" title="Club Dredd">Club Dredd</a> of the "tunog kalye" era. </p><p>By the 1990s, the <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">hardcore punk</a> scene had begun to die down in Manila. "All the punks disappeared," recalls Jep Peligro, creator of <i>Konspirazine</i>, a zine published in the late 1990s and early 2000s documenting the local DIY music scene. Still, there were hubs of activity, such as in Laguna, a province southeast of Manila with a rich DIY punk culture, and the neighboring Cavite region, which is jointly called Strong South known as the <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk</a> capital of the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s">2000s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 2000s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Filipino rock in the 2000s also developed to include <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">hardcore punk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emo" title="Emo">emo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">hard rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative rock</a>, with acts like <a href="/wiki/Razorback_(band)" title="Razorback (band)">Razorback</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_(band)" title="Wolfgang (band)">Wolfgang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greyhoundz" title="Greyhoundz">Greyhoundz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slapshock" title="Slapshock">Slapshock</a>, Queso, <a href="/wiki/Typecast_(band)" title="Typecast (band)">Typecast</a>, PILEDRIVER, <a href="/wiki/Chicosci" title="Chicosci">Chicosci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamikazee" title="Kamikazee">Kamikazee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bamboo_(Filipino_band)" title="Bamboo (Filipino band)">Bamboo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franco_(band)" title="Franco (band)">Franco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urbandub" title="Urbandub">Urbandub</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanya_Markova" title="Tanya Markova">Tanya Markova</a>, Kiko Machine, and the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive</a> bands Paradigm, Fuseboxx, Earthmover, and Eternal Now. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010s">2010s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 2010s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2010s saw the rise of various unsigned acts of different subgenres from another format of rock, <a href="/wiki/Independent_music" title="Independent music">independent music</a> which included <a href="/wiki/Independent_music" title="Independent music">indie</a> acts such as <a href="/wiki/Autotelic_(band)" title="Autotelic (band)">Autotelic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ang_Bandang_Shirley" title="Ang Bandang Shirley">Ang Bandang Shirley</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ransom_Collective" title="The Ransom Collective">the Ransom Collective</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben%26Ben" title="Ben&Ben">Ben&Ben</a>, <a href="/wiki/December_Avenue_(band)" title="December Avenue (band)">December Avenue</a>, <a href="/wiki/IV_of_Spades" title="IV of Spades">IV of Spades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munimuni" title="Munimuni">Munimuni</a>, and the Purplechickens<sup id="cite_ref-KatipCoreCNN_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KatipCoreCNN-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among others. </p><p>Rock festivals have emerged, becoming annual events for rock and metal enthusiasts. One big event is the <a href="/wiki/Pulp_Summer_Slam" title="Pulp Summer Slam">Pulp Summer Slam</a> where local rock/metal bands and international bands such as <a href="/wiki/Lamb_of_God_(band)" title="Lamb of God (band)">Lamb of God</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthrax_(American_band)" title="Anthrax (American band)">Anthrax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Death_Angel" title="Death Angel">Death Angel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arch_Enemy" title="Arch Enemy">Arch Enemy</a> have performed.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another all-local annual event, <a href="/wiki/Rakrakan_Festival" title="Rakrakan Festival">Rakrakan Festival</a>, is one where over 100 Pinoy rock acts perform. </p><p>The neo-traditional genre in Filipino music is also gaining popularity, with artists such as <a href="/wiki/Joey_Ayala" title="Joey Ayala">Joey Ayala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grace_Nono" title="Grace Nono">Grace Nono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayang_Barrios" title="Bayang Barrios">Bayang Barrios</a>, Kadangyan, and <a href="/wiki/Pinikpikan" title="Pinikpikan">Pinikpikan</a> reaping relative commercial success while utilizing the traditional musical sounds of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Philippines" title="Indigenous peoples of the Philippines">Indigenous peoples in the Philippines</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020s">2020s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 2020s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2020s gave birth of new breed of rock and indie artists/bands: <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Haven" title="Magnus Haven">Magnus Haven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bandang_Lapis" title="Bandang Lapis">Bandang Lapis</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Vowels_They_Orbit" title="The Vowels They Orbit">the Vowels They Orbit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nobita_(band)" title="Nobita (band)">Nobita</a>. <a href="/wiki/Zild_Benitez" title="Zild Benitez">Zild Benitez</a>, who previously played for IV of Spades, also made his solo recordings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pinoy_jazz">Pinoy jazz <span class="anchor" id="Pinoy_Jazz"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Pinoy jazz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz music</a> in the Philippines originated during the <a href="/wiki/American_occupation_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="American occupation of the Philippines">American occupation of the Philippines</a> between 1910s and 1920s. At this period, Filipinos began experimenting with Afro-American and Hispano-Filipino music. One of the notable musicians of this age was the self-proclaimed "King of Jazz", <a href="/wiki/Luis_Borromeo" title="Luis Borromeo">Luis Borromeo</a>. The music produced by Borromeo was <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">ragtime</a> which was common among his contemporaries. Other composers such as classical composers like <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Santiago" title="Francisco Santiago">Francisco Santiago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jose_Estella" title="Jose Estella">Jose Estella</a> began fusing jazz elements, which was considered "modern music" at the time, and created new genres of dance music such as "himno one-step", "Filipino foxtrot", and "‘Filipino tango-foxtrots". During the 1920s, with the arrival of recording companies such as <a href="/wiki/Parlophone" title="Parlophone">Parlophone</a> and with the gained momentum of the aforementioned hybrid dance genres, many department stores and shopping streets especially at <a href="/wiki/Escolta,_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="Escolta, Manila">Escolta, Manila</a> began selling and advertising for new "Filipino Dance Records".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:1920_recording_of_Malayan_(Foxtrot)_by_Banda_Victor.ogg" title="File:1920 recording of Malayan (Foxtrot) by Banda Victor.ogg">Malayan (Foxtrot)</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="194" data-mwtitle="1920_recording_of_Malayan_(Foxtrot)_by_Banda_Victor.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/1920_recording_of_Malayan_%28Foxtrot%29_by_Banda_Victor.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/1920_recording_of_Malayan_%28Foxtrot%29_by_Banda_Victor.ogg/1920_recording_of_Malayan_%28Foxtrot%29_by_Banda_Victor.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Composed by Francisco Santiago and performed by the Victor Band conducted by Rosario Bourdon (recorded under <a href="/wiki/Victor_Recording_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Recording Company">Victor Recording Company</a> in 1920).</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Filipinas_Heritage_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipinas Heritage Library">Filipinas Heritage Library</a>, Pinoy Jazz is unique because it mixed Filipino folk music elements with jazz like the music of Angel Peña in the 1950s, and with Eddie Munji and <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Cayabyab" title="Ryan Cayabyab">Ryan Cayabyab</a>'s music in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It experienced a resurgence in popularity in Manila during the late 1990s and after. The initial impetus was provided by groups such as <i>JRCOBB Jazz Chamber</i>; and bands such as <i>WDOUJI</i> (<small>acronym:</small> Witch Doctors of Underground Jazz Improvization)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that released an award-winning album in 2002 entitled <i>Ground Zero</i> (under the now-defunct N/A Records label); and <i>Buhay</i>, a led by saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Tots_Tolentino" title="Tots Tolentino">Tots Tolentino</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that released a self-titled album under Star Records. These paved the way for later excursions, most notably the Filipino jazz <a href="/wiki/Supergroup_(music)" title="Supergroup (music)">supergroup</a> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Alegre_Affinity" title="Johnny Alegre Affinity">Johnny Alegre Affinity</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> releasing its eponymous debut album in 2005 under London-based <a href="/wiki/Candid_Records" title="Candid Records">Candid Records</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_people" title="Kapampangan people">Kapampangan</a> singer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mon_David&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mon David (page does not exist)">Mon David</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon_David" class="extiw" title="pam:Mon David">pam</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> likewise reinvented his persona as a premier jazz vocalist, winning the London International Jazz Competition for Vocalists in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the female jazz singer-songwriters, the British-Filipino Mishka Adams became very popular as a flagship artist of Candid Records, releasing two well-received albums.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other notables were guitarist Bob Aves<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with his ethno-infused jazz,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Spoken-word" class="mw-redirect" title="Spoken-word">spoken-word</a> fusion ensemble <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_Sago_Project" title="Radioactive Sago Project">Radioactive Sago Project</a> also displayed very strong jazz underpinnings. </p><p>After-hours jazz jams became a norm in venues such as Freedom Bar (located along Anonas Street in <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City#Cubao" title="Quezon City">Cubao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>) during the early 2000s; and Tago Jazz Cafe in the 2010s,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (also located in Cubao) that became incubators for emerging jazz groups and recording talent.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_genres">Other genres</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Other genres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many other genres are growing in popularity in the Philippine music scene, including several alternative groups and tribal bands promoting cultural awareness in the Philippines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hip_hop">Hip hop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Hip hop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pinoy_hip_hop" title="Pinoy hip hop">Pinoy hip hop</a></div> <p>Filipino hip-hop is <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop music</a> performed by musicians of Filipino descent, both in the Philippines and overseas, especially by Filipino-Americans. The Philippines is known to have the first hip-hop music scene in Asia, emerging in the early 1980s, largely due to the country's historical connections with the United States where hip-hop originated. Rap music released in the Philippines has appeared in different languages such as Tagalog, Chavacano, Cebuano, Ilocano, and English. In the Philippines, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Magalona" title="Francis Magalona">Francis M</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_E." title="Andrew E.">Andrew E.</a>, Vincent Daffalong, Michael V., Denmark, and <a href="/wiki/Gloc-9" title="Gloc-9">Gloc-9</a> are cited as the most influential rappers in the country, being the first to release mainstream rap albums. A new breed of hip hop/rap/trap artists like <a href="/wiki/Abra_(rapper)" title="Abra (rapper)">Abra</a>, Bassilyo, Curse 1, Flict-G, Smugglaz, Dello, Loonie, <a href="/wiki/Shehyee" title="Shehyee">Shehyee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanti_Dope" title="Shanti Dope">Shanti Dope</a>, 1096 Gang, <a href="/wiki/Al_James" title="Al James">Al James</a>, Because, Bugoy na Koykoy, Nik Makino, Honcho, <a href="/wiki/Skusta_Clee" title="Skusta Clee">Skusta Clee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flow_G" title="Flow G">Flow G</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ex_Battalion" title="Ex Battalion">Ex Battalion</a>, <a href="/wiki/ALLMO$T" class="mw-redirect" title="ALLMO$T">ALLMO$T</a>, and <a href="/wiki/O.C._Dawgs" title="O.C. Dawgs">O.C. Dawgs</a> would later follow in the early 2010s to present. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novelty_pop">Novelty pop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Novelty pop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pinoy <a href="/wiki/Novelty_song" title="Novelty song">novelty songs</a> became popular in the 1970s up to the early 1980s. Popular novelty singers around this time were <a href="/wiki/Reycard_Duet" title="Reycard Duet">Reycard Duet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Panopio" title="Fred Panopio">Fred Panopio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yoyoy_Villame" title="Yoyoy Villame">Yoyoy Villame</a>. Novelty pop acts in the 1990s and 2000s included <a href="/wiki/Michael_V." title="Michael V.">Michael V.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayani_Agbayani" title="Bayani Agbayani">Bayani Agbayani</a>, Grin Department, Masculados ("Lagot Ka!"), <a href="/wiki/Blakdyak" title="Blakdyak">Blakdyak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vhong_Navarro" title="Vhong Navarro">Vhong Navarro</a>, Lito Camo, <a href="/wiki/Sexbomb_Girls" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexbomb Girls">Sexbomb Girls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joey_de_Leon" title="Joey de Leon">Joey de Leon</a> ("Itaktak Mo"), <a href="/wiki/Viva_Hot_Babes" title="Viva Hot Babes">Viva Hot Babes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Willie_Revillame" title="Willie Revillame">Willie Revillame</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin_and_bossa-nova">Latin and bossa-nova</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Latin and bossa-nova"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Music_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Music of the Philippines">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Music+of+the+Philippines%22">"Music of the Philippines"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Music+of+the+Philippines%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Music+of+the+Philippines%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Music+of+the+Philippines%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Music+of+the+Philippines%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Music+of+the+Philippines%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Latin_music_(genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin music (genre)">Afro-Cuban a.k.a. "latin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova">bossa-nova</a> rhythms in Philippine popular music became pervasive through the Philippines' post-Liberation years and onwards. Performers such as Annie Brazil and her son Richard Merk, the Katindig family of musicians (<small>Eddie Katindig, Romy Katindig, Boy Katindig, Henry Katindig and Tating Katindig</small>), Bo Razon, Eileen Sison and <a href="/wiki/Sitti" title="Sitti">Sitti</a>, achieved popularity and commercial success with latin and bossa-nova inflected live performances and recordings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reggae">Reggae</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Reggae"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pinoy_reggae" title="Pinoy reggae">Pinoy reggae</a></div> <p>While there has long been a flourishing underground <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ska" title="Ska">ska</a> scene, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Baguio" title="Baguio">Baguio</a>, it was only recently that such genres were accepted into the mainstream scene. Acts like <a href="/wiki/Tropical_Depression_(band)" title="Tropical Depression (band)">Tropical Depression</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brownman_Revival" title="Brownman Revival">Brownman Revival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Put3ska" title="Put3ska">Put3ska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roots_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Roots Revival">Roots Revival</a> of Cebu, and the Brown Outfit Bureau of <a href="/wiki/Tarlac_City" title="Tarlac City">Tarlac City</a> have been instrumental in popularizing what is called "Island Riddims". There is also a burgeoning <a href="/wiki/Mod_(subculture)" title="Mod (subculture)">mod</a> revival, spearheaded by Juan Pablo Dream and a large indie-pop scene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronica_and_ambient">Electronica and ambient</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Electronica and ambient"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic music</a> began in the mid-1990s in the Manila underground spearheaded by such acts as Manolet Dario of the Consortium. In 2010, local artists started to create <a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">electropop</a> songs themselves. As of now, most electronic songs are used in commercials. The only radio station so far that purely plays electronic music is 107.9 U Radio. The 2010s also saw the rise of <a href="/wiki/Budots" title="Budots">budots</a>, popularly known as "<a href="/wiki/Budots" title="Budots">bombtech</a>" from <a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao City</a>, regarded as the first "Filipino-fied" EDM, as well as high-profile <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">nightclub</a> venues such as The Palace Manila (BGC, Taguig) and Cove Manila (<a href="/wiki/Okada_Manila" title="Okada Manila">Okada Manila</a> in Parañaque). Indie electronic producers, DJs, and artists like that of <a href="/wiki/Somedaydream" title="Somedaydream">Somedaydream</a>, Borhuh, Kidwolf, Zelijah, John Sedano, MVRXX, MRKIII, Bojam, CRWN, NINNO, Kidthrones, and Jess Connelly have also gained popularity. Some mainstream club DJs, including the likes of Ace Ramos, Mars Miranda, Marc Marasigan, Martin Pulgar, Katsy Lee, Patty Tiu, and David Ardiente, has also made their names on popular club concerts and festivals which featured international DJs. Ato Mariano, an adherent of what he describes as "earth music", released a digital album<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> containing sound samples of indigenous instruments that included various percussion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bangsamoro_pop">Bangsamoro pop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Bangsamoro pop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Centered in <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Norte" title="Maguindanao del Norte">Maguindanao del Norte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Sur" title="Maguindanao del Sur">Maguindanao del Sur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soccsksargen" title="Soccsksargen">Soccsksargen</a>, an underground pop music scene known as Bangsamoro pop (B-pop; also called Moropop) emerged in the late 2000s, gaining local radio listeners and fans in the area, but also attracted some worldwide following among Maguindanaon diaspora thanks to <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. Notable B-pop artists include Datu Khomeini Camsa Bansuan (dubbed as the "King of Moro Songs"), Tamtax, <a href="/wiki/Shaira" title="Shaira">Shaira</a> (dubbed as the "Queen of Bangsamoro Pop", known for her song "<a href="/wiki/Selos_(Shaira_song)" title="Selos (Shaira song)">Selos</a>"),<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Johnson Ampatuan, among others who perform in such venues as barangay basketball courts, residential neighborhoods, birthday or wedding parties and even remotest areas such as forest villages rather than clubs. Their lyrics are mainly written in both Maguindanaon and Tagalog.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music_as_protest_in_the_Philippines">Music as protest in the Philippines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Music as protest in the Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Protest_music_against_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="Protest music against the Marcos dictatorship">Protest music against the Marcos dictatorship</a></div> <p>The Philippines has had a long history of songs associated with associated with protest and social change, dating back to the days of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Revolution" title="Philippine Revolution">Philippine Revolution</a>, during which important protest music included patriotic marches and the traditional Filipino <a href="/wiki/Kundiman" title="Kundiman">kundiman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the most notable examples of protest songs from this early period were <a href="/wiki/Juli%C3%A1n_Felipe" title="Julián Felipe">Julián Felipe</a>'s 1898 composition "Marcha Nacional Filipina", which was combined with <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Palma" title="José Palma">José Palma</a>'s 1899 poem "Filipinas" to create <a href="/wiki/Lupang_Hinirang" title="Lupang Hinirang">Lupang Hinirang</a>, now the Philippines' official National anthem. Another song that nearly became the Philippines' national anthem was <a href="/wiki/Julio_Nakpil" title="Julio Nakpil">Julio Nakpil</a>'s 1896 composition <a href="/wiki/Marangal_na_Dalit_ng_Katagalugan" title="Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan">Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan</a> (<i>Honorable Hymn of the Tagalog Nation/People</i>) which was commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Andres_Bonifacio" class="mw-redirect" title="Andres Bonifacio">Andres Bonifacio</a> as the anthem of the revolutionary <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_Republic" title="Tagalog Republic">Tagalog Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nakpil_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nakpil-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-richardson_malacanang_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-richardson_malacanang-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-richardson_book_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-richardson_book-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chua_web_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chua_web-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The song <i>Bayan Ko</i> was an important protest song from the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1898-1946)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (1898-1946)">American Occupation period</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> version composed in 1929 by Constancio de Guzmán with lyrics attributed to <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Coraz%C3%B3n_de_Jes%C3%BAs" class="mw-redirect" title="José Corazón de Jesús">José Corazón de Jesús</a> based on a Spanish piece attributed to <i><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_Movement" title="Propaganda Movement">Propaganda Movement</a></i> hero <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Alejandrino" title="José Alejandrino">José Alejandrino</a>. It was later banned by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Marcos</a> when it was deemed seditious under Martial Law, but it became an important rallying cry when protesters chose to sing it at funeral after the 1983 <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ninoy_Aquino" title="Assassination of Ninoy Aquino">Assassination of Ninoy Aquino</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of music as protest became more widespread and began to incorporate popular, folk, and rock music during the years of the <a href="/wiki/Marcos_dictatorship" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcos dictatorship">Marcos dictatorship</a>, especially after the <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_of_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship">human rights abuses</a> that came after the <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_1081" class="mw-redirect" title="Proclamation 1081">1972 proclamation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos">Martial Law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FQSSongsSCMP_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FQSSongsSCMP-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trend towards the popular use of music as protest continued until Marcos was deposed during the 1986 <a href="/wiki/People_Power_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="People Power revolution">People Power revolution</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after which the use of songs as protest or as a means of advocating social change became a constant feature of Filipino musical culture.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rondalla" title="Rondalla">Rondalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine-based_music_groups" title="List of Philippine-based music groups">List of Philippine-based music groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_sound" title="Manila sound">Manila sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_pop" title="Pinoy pop">Pinoy pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobo_Jazz_(anthology_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobo Jazz (anthology series)">Adobo Jazz (anthology series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_reggae" title="Pinoy reggae">Pinoy reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_rock" title="Pinoy rock">Pinoy rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_hip_hop" title="Pinoy hip hop">Pinoy hip hop</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schlegel, S. A. (2003). Wisdom from a Rainforest: The Spiritual Journey of an Anthropologist. University of Georgia Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph/samaon-sulaiman/#:~:text=The%20Magindanao%20kutyapi%20is%20one,too%20keen%20to%20learn%20it.">"Samaon Sulaiman"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Samaon+Sulaiman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbcpch.bangsamoro.gov.ph%2Fsamaon-sulaiman%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520Magindanao%2520kutyapi%2520is%2520one%2Ctoo%2520keen%2520to%2520learn%2520it.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/2022/04/10/celebrating-the-life-of-manlilikha-ng-bayan-masino-intaray/">"Celebrating the life of Manlilikha ng Bayan Masino Intaray – National Museum"</a>. April 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celebrating+the+life+of+Manlilikha+ng+Bayan+Masino+Intaray+%E2%80%93+National+Museum&rft.date=2022-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalmuseum.gov.ph%2F2022%2F04%2F10%2Fcelebrating-the-life-of-manlilikha-ng-bayan-masino-intaray%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaes" class="citation web cs1">Baes, Jonas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-sca/music/westernized-musical-traditions-in-the-philippines/">"Westernized Musical Traditions in the Philippines"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Commission_for_Culture_and_the_Arts" title="National Commission for Culture and the Arts">National Commission for Culture and the Arts</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Commission+for+Culture+and+the+Arts&rft.atitle=Westernized+Musical+Traditions+in+the+Philippines&rft.aulast=Baes&rft.aufirst=Jonas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fncca.gov.ph%2Fabout-ncca-3%2Fsubcommissions%2Fsubcommission-on-the-arts-sca%2Fmusic%2Fwesternized-musical-traditions-in-the-philippines%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanave-Dioquino" class="citation web cs1">Canave-Dioquino, Corazon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-sca/music/music-in-the-philippines-since-1898/">"Music in the Philippines since 1898"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Commission_for_Culture_and_the_Arts" title="National Commission for Culture and the Arts">National Commission for Culture and the Arts</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Commission+for+Culture+and+the+Arts&rft.atitle=Music+in+the+Philippines+since+1898&rft.aulast=Canave-Dioquino&rft.aufirst=Corazon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fncca.gov.ph%2Fabout-ncca-3%2Fsubcommissions%2Fsubcommission-on-the-arts-sca%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-in-the-philippines-since-1898%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPagulong2022" class="citation news cs1">Pagulong, Charmie Joy (November 2, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2022/11/02/2220813/apo-hiking-societys-danny-javier-the-man-who-coined-opm">"APO Hiking Society's Danny Javier: 'The man who coined OPM'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Philippine Star</i>. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=APO+Hiking+Society%27s+Danny+Javier%3A+%27The+man+who+coined+OPM%27&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2022-11-02&rft.aulast=Pagulong&rft.aufirst=Charmie+Joy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fentertainment%2F2022%2F11%2F02%2F2220813%2Fapo-hiking-societys-danny-javier-the-man-who-coined-opm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantos2012" class="citation news cs1">Santos, Tomas U. (May 13, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://varsitarian.net/circle/20120513/now_and_then_is_opm_going_extinct">"Now and Then: Is OPM Going Extinct?"</a>. <i>The Varsitarian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Varsitarian&rft.atitle=Now+and+Then%3A+Is+OPM+Going+Extinct%3F&rft.date=2012-05-13&rft.aulast=Santos&rft.aufirst=Tomas+U.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvarsitarian.net%2Fcircle%2F20120513%2Fnow_and_then_is_opm_going_extinct&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Shepherd2005" class="citation book cs1">John Shepherd, ed. (2005). <i>Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World</i> (1. publ. ed.). London: Continuum. p. 210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-7436-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-7436-0"><bdi>978-0-8264-7436-0</bdi></a>. <q>This annual songwriting competition was geared toward discovering new Filipino talent in popular music, and produced a rich repertoire of Filipino music ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Continuum+Encyclopedia+of+Popular+Music+of+the+World&rft.place=London&rft.pages=210&rft.edition=1.+publ.&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-7436-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130207135440/http://himighandog.abs-cbn.com/index.html">"Himig Handog"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Himig_Handog" title="Himig Handog">Himig Handog</a></i>. 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May 20, 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnnphilippines.com/life/entertainment/music/2023/5/18/defining-katipcore.html">the original</a> on May 20, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TyH01t-6HbcC"><i>Culture and Customs of the Philippines</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-30415-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-30415-7"><bdi>0-313-30415-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Customs+of+the+Philippines&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-313-30415-7&rft.aulast=Rodell&rft.aufirst=Paul+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTyH01t-6HbcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FQSSongsSCMP-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FQSSongsSCMP_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeltran2020" class="citation web cs1">Beltran, Michael (January 26, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/entertainment/article/3047573/revival-philippine-protest-songs-era-ferdinand-marcos">"Protest songs of Ferdinand Marcos era revived in Philippines"</a>. <i>South China Morning Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162506/https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/entertainment/article/3047573/revival-philippine-protest-songs-era-ferdinand-marcos">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=Protest+songs+of+Ferdinand+Marcos+era+revived+in+Philippines&rft.date=2020-01-26&rft.aulast=Beltran&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Flifestyle%2Fentertainment%2Farticle%2F3047573%2Frevival-philippine-protest-songs-era-ferdinand-marcos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMia2015" class="citation web cs1">Mia, Ron (February 25, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gigsmanila.com/news/5-songs-reminds-us-edsa-people-power-revolution/5710">"5 Songs that remind us of EDSA People Power Revolution"</a>. <i>Gigsmanila</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230930053034/http://www.gigsmanila.com/news/5-songs-reminds-us-edsa-people-power-revolution/5710">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gigsmanila&rft.atitle=5+Songs+that+remind+us+of+EDSA+People+Power+Revolution&rft.date=2015-02-25&rft.aulast=Mia&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gigsmanila.com%2Fnews%2F5-songs-reminds-us-edsa-people-power-revolution%2F5710&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLontoc2019" class="citation web cs1">Lontoc, Jo Florendo B. (January 14, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://up.edu.ph/ups-tradition-of-protest-music/">"UP's Tradition of Protest Music"</a>. <i>University of the Philippines</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+the+Philippines&rft.atitle=UP%27s+Tradition+of+Protest+Music&rft.date=2019-01-14&rft.aulast=Lontoc&rft.aufirst=Jo+Florendo+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fup.edu.ph%2Fups-tradition-of-protest-music%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomero2022" class="citation web cs1">Romero, Purple (April 21, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/v7dkkj/philippines-president-elections-ppop-kpop-fandom-genz">"The Young Filipinos Using Music and Fandom in the Elections"</a>. <i>Vice</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vice&rft.atitle=The+Young+Filipinos+Using+Music+and+Fandom+in+the+Elections&rft.date=2022-04-21&rft.aulast=Romero&rft.aufirst=Purple&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fv7dkkj%2Fphilippines-president-elections-ppop-kpop-fandom-genz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClewley2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Clewley, John (2000). "Pinoy Rockers". In Broughton, Simon; Ellingham, Mark (eds.). <i>World Music: The Rough Guide</i>. Vol. 2: Latin & North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific. London: Rough Guides. pp. 213–217. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85828-636-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85828-636-0"><bdi>1-85828-636-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pinoy+Rockers&rft.btitle=World+Music%3A+The+Rough+Guide&rft.place=London&rft.pages=213-217&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-85828-636-0&rft.aulast=Clewley&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarlow1952" class="citation book cs1">Barlow, Sanna Morrison (1952). <i>Mountains Singing: The Story of Gospel Recordings in the Philippines</i>. Hong Kong: Alliance Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mountains+Singing%3A+The+Story+of+Gospel+Recordings+in+the+Philippines&rft.place=Hong+Kong&rft.pub=Alliance+Press&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Barlow&rft.aufirst=Sanna+Morrison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+the+Philippines" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Philippines&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://daily.bandcamp.com/scene-report/a-short-history-of-the-hardcore-punk-underground-in-the-philippines">Hardcore Punk Underground in the Philippines</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_of_the_Philippines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:Music of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_of_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Music of the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music of the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_of_the_Philippines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Music of the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>"<a href="/wiki/Lupang_Hinirang" title="Lupang Hinirang">Lupang Hinirang</a>" (Philippine national anthem)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Philippine_musical_instruments" title="Traditional Philippine musical instruments">Instruments</a></li> <li>Genres and styles <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaudeville_in_the_Philippines" title="Vaudeville in the Philippines">Bodabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_folk_music" title="Philippine folk music">Folk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kulintang" title="Kulintang">Kulintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondalla" title="Rondalla">Rondalla</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundiman" title="Kundiman">Kundiman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harana_(serenade)" title="Harana (serenade)">Harana</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budots" title="Budots">Budots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Manila Sound">Manila Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_Pilipino_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Original Pilipino Music">OPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_hip_hop" title="Pinoy hip hop">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Pinoy_Jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_pop" title="Pinoy pop">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_reggae" title="Pinoy reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_rock" title="Pinoy rock">Rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BisRock" class="mw-redirect" title="BisRock">BisRock</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_Songs" title="Philippines Songs">Billboard Philippines Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Hot_100" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Hot 100">Billboard Philippine Hot 100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_record_labels" title="Category:Philippine record labels">Record companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_record_labels" title="Category:Philippine record labels">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_independent_record_labels" title="Category:Philippine independent record labels">Independent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_musicians" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Filipino musicians">List of Filipino musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_singers" title="List of Filipino singers">List of Filipino singers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_composers" title="List of Filipino composers">List of Filipino composers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Years</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_Philippine_music" title="2010 in Philippine music">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_in_Philippine_music" title="2014 in Philippine music">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_Philippine_music" title="2015 in Philippine music">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_Philippine_music" title="2016 in Philippine music">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_Philippine_music" title="2017 in Philippine music">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_in_Philippine_music" title="2018 in Philippine music">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Philippine_music" title="2019 in Philippine music">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_Philippine_music" title="2020 in Philippine music">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_Philippine_music" title="2021 in Philippine music">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_Philippine_music" title="2022 in Philippine music">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_Philippine_music" title="2023 in Philippine music">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_Philippine_music" title="2024 in Philippine music">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_music_awards" title="Category:Philippine music awards">Philippine music awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_festivals_in_the_Philippines" title="Category:Music festivals in the Philippines">Philippine music festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Filipino_patriotic_songs" title="Category:Filipino patriotic songs">Philippine patriotic songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Association_of_the_Record_Industry" title="Philippine Association of the Record Industry">Philippine Association of the Record Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Music_Competitions_for_Young_Artists" title="National Music Competitions for Young Artists">National Music Competitions for Young Artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hispanophone_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hispanophone_music" title="Template:Hispanophone music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hispanophone_music" title="Template talk:Hispanophone music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hispanophone_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hispanophone music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hispanophone_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Hispanophone music</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Argentina" title="Music of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bolivia" title="Music of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chile" title="Music of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Colombia" title="Music of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Costa_Rica" title="Music of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cuba" title="Music of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Music of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ecuador" title="Music of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_El_Salvador" title="Music of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Music of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guatemala" title="Music of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Honduras" title="Music of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mexico" title="Music of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nicaragua" title="Music of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Panama" title="Music of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Paraguay" title="Music of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Peru" title="Music of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Music of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Uruguay" title="Music of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Venezuela" title="Music of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Western_Sahara" title="Music of Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Philippines_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philippines_topics" title="Template:Philippines topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philippines_topics" title="Template talk:Philippines topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Philippines_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Philippines topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Philippines_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines" title="History of the Philippines">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_the_Philippines" title="Archaeology of the Philippines">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Philippines" title="Economic history of the Philippines">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines" title="Military history of the Philippines">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_Philippines" title="Political history of the Philippines">Political</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Philippine_history" title="Timeline of Philippine history">Chronology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_the_Philippines" title="Prehistory of the Philippines">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(900%E2%80%931565)" title="History of the Philippines (900–1565)">Pre-colonial era</a></li> <li>Colonial era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1565%E2%80%931898)" title="History of the Philippines (1565–1898)">Spanish period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1898%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Philippines (1898–1946)">American period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Philippines" title="Japanese occupation of the Philippines">Japanese occupation</a></li> <li>Postcolonial era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1946%E2%80%931965)" title="History of the Philippines (1946–1965)">Third Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1965%E2%80%931986)" title="History of the Philippines (1965–1986)">Marcos presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1986%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the Philippines (1986–present)">Fifth Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Philippines" title="Geography of the Philippines">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bays_of_the_Philippines" title="List of bays of the Philippines">Bays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserves_of_the_Philippines" title="Biosphere reserves of the Philippines">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_the_Philippines" title="Borders of the Philippines">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Philippines" title="Climate of the Philippines">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Philippines" title="Climate change in the Philippines">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoons_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoons in the Philippines">Typhoons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_Philippines" title="List of earthquakes in the Philippines">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecoregions_in_the_Philippines" title="Ecoregions in the Philippines">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_Philippines" title="Extreme points of the Philippines">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_groups_of_the_Philippines" title="Island groups of the Philippines">Island groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Philippines" title="List of islands of the Philippines">islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_the_Philippines" title="List of lakes of the Philippines">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_the_Philippines" title="List of mountains in the Philippines">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_the_Philippines" title="List of protected areas of the Philippines">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_Philippines" title="List of national parks of the Philippines">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_sites_in_the_Philippines" title="List of Ramsar sites in the Philippines">Ramsar sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Philippines" title="List of rivers of the Philippines">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_volcanoes_in_the_Philippines" title="List of active volcanoes in the Philippines">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_the_Philippines" title="Wildlife of the Philippines">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Philippines" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Philippines">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Philippines" title="Politics of the Philippines">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Philippines" title="Administrative divisions of the Philippines">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines" title="Constitution of the Philippines">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Philippines" title="Elections in the Philippines">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Philippines" title="Foreign relations of the Philippines">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Philippines" title="Human rights in the Philippines">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Philippines">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_legal_codes" title="Philippine legal codes">Legal codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_families_in_the_Philippines" title="List of political families in the Philippines">Political families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Philippines" title="List of political parties in the Philippines">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Government" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Philippines" title="Government of the Philippines">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Executive <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Philippines" title="Cabinet of the Philippines">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cabinets_of_the_Philippines" title="List of cabinets of the Philippines">lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_departments_of_the_Philippines" title="Executive departments of the Philippines">Executive departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Office of the President of the Philippines">Executive office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Police" title="Philippine National Police">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="Congress of the Philippines">Legislative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Philippines" title="Judiciary of the Philippines">Judicial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_of_the_Philippines" title="Court of Appeals of the Philippines">Court of Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Trial_Court" title="Regional Trial Court">Regional Trial Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Air_Force" title="Philippine Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Army" title="Philippine Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Navy" title="Philippine Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Marine_Corps" title="Philippine Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Coast_Guard" title="Philippine Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Philippines" title="Economy of the Philippines">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Philippines" title="Agriculture in the Philippines">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_Philippines" title="Automotive industry in the Philippines">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_process_outsourcing_in_the_Philippines" title="Business process outsourcing in the Philippines">Business process outsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_in_the_Philippines" title="Census in the Philippines">Census</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labor_in_the_Philippines" title="Child labor in the Philippines">Child labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Philippines" title="Energy in the Philippines">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_policy_of_the_Philippines" title="Fiscal policy of the Philippines">Fiscal policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_debt_of_the_Philippines" title="National debt of the Philippines">National debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_policy_in_the_Philippines" title="Labor policy in the Philippines">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">Peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_Philippines" title="Science and technology in the Philippines">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Stock_Exchange" title="Philippine Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_Philippines" title="Taxation in the Philippines">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Philippines" title="Telecommunications in the Philippines">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_Philippines" title="Telephone numbers in the Philippines">Telephone numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Philippines" title="Tourism in the Philippines">Tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_the_Philippines" title="List of tourist attractions in the Philippines">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_Philippines" title="Transportation in the Philippines">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_Philippines" title="Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines">Water and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZIP_codes_in_the_Philippines" title="ZIP codes in the Philippines">ZIP codes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_Philippines" title="Category:Society of the Philippines">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_Philippines" title="Abortion in the Philippines">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Philippines" title="Censorship in the Philippines">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_Philippines" title="Corruption in the Philippines">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_Philippines" title="Crime in the Philippines">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Philippines" title="Demographics of the Philippines">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_the_Philippines" title="Divorce in the Philippines">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines" title="Education in the Philippines">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_Philippines" title="Higher education in the Philippines">Higher education</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_Philippines" title="Environmental issues in the Philippines">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Philippines" title="Climate change in the Philippines">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_the_Philippines" title="Deforestation in the Philippines">Deforestation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Philippines" title="Ethnic groups in the Philippines">Ethnic groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Philippines" title="Indigenous peoples of the Philippines">Indigenous peoples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Filipinos" title="Genetic studies on Filipinos">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_Philippines" title="Health in the Philippines">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_the_Philippines" title="Human trafficking in the Philippines">Human trafficking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_the_Philippines" title="Sex trafficking in the Philippines">Sex trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_Philippines" title="Immigration to the Philippines">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_Philippines" title="Income inequality in the Philippines">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_kinship" title="Philippine kinship">Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines" title="Languages of the Philippines">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Filipino_Worker" title="Overseas Filipino Worker">Overseas workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_Philippines" title="Poverty in the Philippines">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Philippines" title="Prostitution in the Philippines">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Philippines" title="Refugees of the Philippines">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Religion in the Philippines">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_Philippines" title="Sexuality in the Philippines">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_the_Philippines" title="Squatting in the Philippines">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Philippines" title="Women in the Philippines">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy" title="Pinoy">Pinoy</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Culture of the Philippines">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines" title="Architecture of the Philippines">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines" title="Arts in the Philippines">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Philippines" title="Cinema of the Philippines">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Cultural_Properties_of_the_Philippines" title="Lists of Cultural Properties of the Philippines">Cultural properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_the_Philippines" title="Dance in the Philippines">Dance</a></li> <li><a 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