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{"work":{"id":18233044,"created_at":"2015-11-12T14:25:08.815-08:00","from_world_paper_id":144315724,"updated_at":"2024-11-17T19:00:29.716-08:00","_data":{"grobid_abstract":"Background: Multiple studies have shown that plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) are elevated in patients with important and prevalent adverse health conditions, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, and frailty. Higher plasma levels of IL-6, in turn, increase the risk of many conditions associated with aging including age-related cognitive decline. However, the mechanisms underlying this association between IL-6 and cognitive vulnerability remain unclear.","publication_date":"2009,,","publication_name":"PLoS ONE","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"39946964"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"IL-6 Mediated Degeneration of Forebrain GABAergic Interneurons and Cognitive Impairment in Aged Mice through Activation of Neuronal NADPH Oxidase","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [38217997]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" 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class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29554527" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PiotrJakubow">Piotr Jakubow</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Behavior Genetics, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Significance of IL-6 Deficiency in Recognition Memory in Young Adult and Aged Mice","attachmentId":111970863,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115612051/Significance_of_IL_6_Deficiency_in_Recognition_Memory_in_Young_Adult_and_Aged_Mice","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/115612051/Significance_of_IL_6_Deficiency_in_Recognition_Memory_in_Young_Adult_and_Aged_Mice"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="9466226" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9466226/Molecular_and_cellular_characterization_of_the_age_related_neuroinflammatory_processes_occurring_in_normal_rat_hippocampus_potential_relation_with_the_loss_of_somatostatin_GABAergic_neurons">Molecular and cellular characterization of the age-related neuroinflammatory processes occurring in normal rat hippocampus: potential relation with the loss of somatostatin GABAergic neurons</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22118564" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DVizuete">Diego Vizuete</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Neurochemistry, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Increased neuroinflammatory reaction is frequently observed during normal brain aging. However, a direct link between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration during aging has not yet been clearly shown. Here, we have characterized the age-related hippocampal inflammatory processes and the potential relation with hippocampal neurodegeneration. The mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the iNOs enzyme was significantly increased in aged hippocampus. Accordingly, numerous activated microglial cells were observed in aged rats. These cells were differentially distributed along the hippocampus, being more frequently located in the hilus and the CA3 area. The mRNA expression of somatostatin, a neuropeptide expressed by some GABAergic interneurons, and the number of somatostatin-immunopositive cells decreased in aged rats. However, the number of hippocampal parvalbumin-containing GABAergic interneurons was preserved. Interestingly, in aged rats, the mRNA expression of somatostatin and IL-1β was inversely correlated and, the decrease in the number of somatostatin-immunopositive cells was higher in the hilus of dentate gyrus than in the CA1 region. Finally, intraperitoneal chronic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in young animals mimicked the age-related hippocampal inflammation as well as the decrease of somatostatin mRNA expression. Present results strongly support the neuroinflammation as a potential factor involved in the age-related degeneration of somatostatin GABAergic cells.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Molecular and cellular characterization of the age-related neuroinflammatory processes occurring in normal rat hippocampus: potential relation with the loss of somatostatin GABAergic neurons","attachmentId":47769391,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9466226/Molecular_and_cellular_characterization_of_the_age_related_neuroinflammatory_processes_occurring_in_normal_rat_hippocampus_potential_relation_with_the_loss_of_somatostatin_GABAergic_neurons","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9466226/Molecular_and_cellular_characterization_of_the_age_related_neuroinflammatory_processes_occurring_in_normal_rat_hippocampus_potential_relation_with_the_loss_of_somatostatin_GABAergic_neurons"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="82336820" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82336820/Neuroinflammation_in_Aging">Neuroinflammation in Aging</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47559894" href="https://edul.academia.edu/JanhSebastianSaavedraTorres">Jhan J S S T Saavedra Torres</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Neuroinflammation in Aging, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Aging results in the loss of integrated regulatory systems designed to maintain microglia in a surveying and anti-inflammatory state. Loss of these regulatory pathways does not come from a single source, but instead represents a global loss in regulation from neurons, astrocytes, and autocrine immune mediators. As a result, microglia in the aged brain develop a primed phenotype and become hyperinflammatory following challenge to the immune system. An exaggerated and prolonged microglial response promotes the development of neuropsychiatric complications including depression and cognitive decline. Moreover, this hyperinflammatory response can precipitate or contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. 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js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="6034474" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6034474/Role_of_Interleukin4_in_Regulation_of_Age_related_Inflammatory_Changes_in_the_Hippocampus">Role of Interleukin4 in Regulation of Age-related Inflammatory Changes in the Hippocampus</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9053243" href="https://tcd.academia.edu/MiriamBrady">Miriam Brady</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32736508" href="https://tcd.academia.edu/MarinaLynch">Marina Lynch</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Role of Interleukin4 in Regulation of Age-related Inflammatory Changes in the Hippocampus","attachmentId":49046716,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6034474/Role_of_Interleukin4_in_Regulation_of_Age_related_Inflammatory_Changes_in_the_Hippocampus","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6034474/Role_of_Interleukin4_in_Regulation_of_Age_related_Inflammatory_Changes_in_the_Hippocampus"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="68790529" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68790529/Age_related_neuroinflammatory_changes_negatively_impact_on_neuronal_function">Age-related neuroinflammatory changes negatively impact on neuronal function</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32736508" href="https://tcd.academia.edu/MarinaLynch">Marina Lynch</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Age-related neuroinflammatory changes negatively impact on neuronal function","attachmentId":79141013,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68790529/Age_related_neuroinflammatory_changes_negatively_impact_on_neuronal_function","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68790529/Age_related_neuroinflammatory_changes_negatively_impact_on_neuronal_function"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="17412787" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17412787/Oxidative_stress_in_brain_aging_Implications_for_therapeutics_of_neurodegenerative_diseases">Oxidative stress in brain aging: Implications for therapeutics of neurodegenerative diseases</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37136785" href="https://omrf.academia.edu/RobertFloyd">Robert Floyd</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2002</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Age has a powerful effect on enhanced susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases, including susceptibility to stroke and cognitive impairment (CI) even in optimally healthy individuals. We critically evaluated the notion that oxidative stress increases in aging brain. Rigorous studies show logarithmic age-dependent increases in oxidized proteins and oxidized DNA lesions. Decreased activity of antioxidant protective enzymes does not account for the observed increases. The reactivity of the lipid oxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) with key mitochondria enzymes may be important in the age-dependent loss in energy generation and enhanced susceptibility of neurons to apoptosis. Age-dependent enhanced neuroinflammatory processes may play an important role in toxin generation that causes death or dysfunction of neurons in neurodegenerative diseases. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) show significant promise. Vitamin E supplementation did not show major beneficial effect on cognitive functions. Major clinical trials for Alzheimer&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s disease (AD) involving cycloxygenase-II (COX II) inhibitors and amyloid-beta vaccination have been discontinued. Novel therapeutics based on blocking neuron damaging neuroinflammatory processes show great promise for abating dementia progression although they have yet to make it to clinical practice.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Oxidative stress in brain aging: Implications for therapeutics of neurodegenerative diseases","attachmentId":42261884,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17412787/Oxidative_stress_in_brain_aging_Implications_for_therapeutics_of_neurodegenerative_diseases","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17412787/Oxidative_stress_in_brain_aging_Implications_for_therapeutics_of_neurodegenerative_diseases"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="18462235" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18462235/Aging_and_glial_responses_to_lipopolysaccharide_in_vitro_greater_induction_of_IL_1_and_IL_6_but_smaller_induction_of_neurotoxicity">Aging and glial responses to lipopolysaccharide in vitro: greater induction of IL-1 and IL-6, but smaller induction of neurotoxicity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38473719" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ToddMorgan6">Todd Morgan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Experimental Neurology, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Aging and glial responses to lipopolysaccharide in vitro: greater induction of IL-1 and IL-6, but smaller induction of neurotoxicity","attachmentId":40076626,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18462235/Aging_and_glial_responses_to_lipopolysaccharide_in_vitro_greater_induction_of_IL_1_and_IL_6_but_smaller_induction_of_neurotoxicity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18462235/Aging_and_glial_responses_to_lipopolysaccharide_in_vitro_greater_induction_of_IL_1_and_IL_6_but_smaller_induction_of_neurotoxicity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":39946964,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":39946964,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_39946964" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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