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In the present study we investigated the cognitive function in transgenic mice not expressing IL-6 (IL-6 KO) and in wild type (WT) genotype at 4 and 12 months of age, using a passive avoidance and an eight-arm radial maze tasks. Motor function was quantified using an Animex apparatus. Hippocampal choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was evaluated in both genotypes. No difference was observed in both genotypes for spontaneous motor activity. The mean latency (s) to re-enter the shock box, was similar in both young mutant and WT mice. However, a decreased sensitivity (50%) to scopolamine (1 mg/kg) in mutant compared to WT mice, was obtained. IL-6 KO mice exhibited a facilitation of radial maze learning over 30 days, in terms of a lower number of working memory errors and a higher percentage of animals reaching the criterion as compared with WT genotype tested at both ages. Furthermore, mutant mice, at the age of 12 months, showed a faster acquisition (22 days versus 30 days to reach the criterion). The pattern of arm entry exhibited by IL-6 KO mice showed a robust tendency to enter an adjacent arm at both ages, while WT only at the age of 4 months. ChAT activity was inversely correlated with memory performance. These findings suggest a possible involvement of IL-6 on memory processes, even if the mechanism remains still unclear.","publication_date":"2004,,","publication_name":"Behavioural Brain Research","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"45536220"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Cognitive function in young and adult IL (interleukin)-6 deficient mice","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [37778150,32520864]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div 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ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/107736406/A_cytokine_network_involving_brain_borne_IL_1%CE%B2_IL_1ra_IL_18_IL_6_and_TNF%CE%B1_operates_during_long_term_potentiation_and_learning">A cytokine network involving brain-borne IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-18, IL-6, and TNFα operates during long-term potentiation and learning</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="80801836" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HugoBesedovsky">Hugo Besedovsky</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Brain Behavior and Immunity, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A cytokine network involving brain-borne IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-18, IL-6, and TNFα operates during long-term potentiation and 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data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/97342956/Trajectories_of_peripheral_interleukin_6_structure_of_the_hippocampus_and_cognitive_impairment_over_14_years_in_older_adults">Trajectories of peripheral interleukin-6, structure of the hippocampus, and cognitive impairment over 14 years in older adults</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51483196" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OscarLopez243">Oscar Lopez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Neurobiology of Aging, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Trajectories of peripheral interleukin-6, structure of the hippocampus, and cognitive impairment over 14 years in older adults","attachmentId":98990688,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/97342956/Trajectories_of_peripheral_interleukin_6_structure_of_the_hippocampus_and_cognitive_impairment_over_14_years_in_older_adults","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/97342956/Trajectories_of_peripheral_interleukin_6_structure_of_the_hippocampus_and_cognitive_impairment_over_14_years_in_older_adults"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="18815475" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18815475/Interleukin_6_Is_Associated_With_Cognitive_Function_The_Northern_Manhattan_Study">Interleukin-6 Is Associated With Cognitive Function: The Northern Manhattan Study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38903606" href="https://miami.academia.edu/ClintonWright">Clinton Wright</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Interleukin-6 Is Associated With Cognitive Function: The Northern Manhattan Study","attachmentId":40270237,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18815475/Interleukin_6_Is_Associated_With_Cognitive_Function_The_Northern_Manhattan_Study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18815475/Interleukin_6_Is_Associated_With_Cognitive_Function_The_Northern_Manhattan_Study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="35342562" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35342562/Functional_repertoire_of_interleukin_6_in_the_central_nervous_system_a_review">Functional repertoire of interleukin-6 in the central nervous system – a review</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6125122" href="https://hanyang.academia.edu/KlausHeese">Klaus Heese</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In an aging society with dementia imposing an increasing threat to higher brain cognitive functions, understanding the molecular and cellular events of adult neurogenesis is imperative. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), along with its agonistic acting soluble receptor sIL-6R (the combined proteins are also known as Hyper-IL-6), is a promising cytokine that can support neurogenesis under conditions of neurodegeneration when neuron replacement is needed. In contrast to the previously reported gliogenic effects of activation of the IL-6–signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) axis, this review summarizes recent studies showing that IL-6 activation can be neurogenic and has potential therapeutic applications for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Functional repertoire of interleukin-6 in the central nervous system – a review","attachmentId":55203582,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35342562/Functional_repertoire_of_interleukin_6_in_the_central_nervous_system_a_review","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35342562/Functional_repertoire_of_interleukin_6_in_the_central_nervous_system_a_review"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":45536220,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":45536220,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_45536220" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="92881424" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92881424/IL_6_trans_signaling_in_the_brain_influences_the_behavioral_and_physio_pathological_phenotype_of_the_Tg2576_and_3xTgAD_mouse_models_of_Alzheimer_s_disease">IL-6 trans-signaling in the brain influences the behavioral and physio-pathological phenotype of the Tg2576 and 3xTgAD mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="65377785" 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data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="53259690" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53259690/Pro_inflammatory_interleukin_6_signaling_links_cognitive_impairments_and_peripheral_metabolic_alterations_in_Alzheimer_s_disease">Pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 signaling links cognitive impairments and peripheral metabolic alterations in Alzheimer’s disease</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="104573404" href="https://unifesp.academia.edu/DeboraHashiguchi">Debora Hashiguchi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Translational Psychiatry</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pro-inflammatory 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Neuroimmunology, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The expression of interleukin-6 and its receptor in various brain regions and their roles in exploratory behavior and stress responses","attachmentId":44849281,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24517450/The_expression_of_interleukin_6_and_its_receptor_in_various_brain_regions_and_their_roles_in_exploratory_behavior_and_stress_responses","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24517450/The_expression_of_interleukin_6_and_its_receptor_in_various_brain_regions_and_their_roles_in_exploratory_behavior_and_stress_responses"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="31852442" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31852442/Interleukin_6_a_major_cytokine_in_the_central_nervous_system">Interleukin-6, a major cytokine in the central nervous system</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="61412508" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JuanHidalgo57">Juan Hidalgo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Interleukin-6, a major cytokine in the central nervous system","attachmentId":52143382,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31852442/Interleukin_6_a_major_cytokine_in_the_central_nervous_system","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31852442/Interleukin_6_a_major_cytokine_in_the_central_nervous_system"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="90662206" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90662206/IL_13_Mediated_Regulation_of_Learning_and_Memory">IL-13-Mediated Regulation of Learning and Memory</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44178167" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OTamgue">Ousman Tamgue</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"IL-13-Mediated Regulation of Learning and 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href="https://www.academia.edu/9285825/Interleukin_6_IL_6_and_soluble_forms_of_IL_6_receptors_are_not_altered_in_cerebrospinal_fluid_of_Alzheimer_s_disease_patients">Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble forms of IL-6 receptors are not altered in cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer’s disease patients</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6125122" href="https://hanyang.academia.edu/KlausHeese">Klaus Heese</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble forms of IL-6 receptors are not altered in cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer’s disease 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class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4848994/Interleukin_6_IL_6_and_soluble_forms_of_IL_6_receptors_are_not_altered_in_cerebrospinal_fluid_of_Alzheimers_disease_patients_M%C3%A4rz_P_Heese_K_Hock_C_Golombowski_S_M%C3%BCller_Spahn_F_Rose_John_S_Otten_U_Neurosci_Lett_1997_Dec_12_239_1_29_32">Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble forms of IL-6 receptors are not altered in cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease patients. März P, Heese K, Hock C, Golombowski S, Müller-Spahn F, Rose-John S, Otten U. Neurosci Lett. 1997 Dec 12;239(1):29-32.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6125122" href="https://hanyang.academia.edu/KlausHeese">Klaus Heese</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble forms of IL-6 receptors are not altered in cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease patients. März P, Heese K, Hock C, Golombowski S, Müller-Spahn F, Rose-John S, Otten U. Neurosci Lett. 1997 Dec 12;239(1):29-32.","attachmentId":32133722,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4848994/Interleukin_6_IL_6_and_soluble_forms_of_IL_6_receptors_are_not_altered_in_cerebrospinal_fluid_of_Alzheimers_disease_patients_M%C3%A4rz_P_Heese_K_Hock_C_Golombowski_S_M%C3%BCller_Spahn_F_Rose_John_S_Otten_U_Neurosci_Lett_1997_Dec_12_239_1_29_32","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4848994/Interleukin_6_IL_6_and_soluble_forms_of_IL_6_receptors_are_not_altered_in_cerebrospinal_fluid_of_Alzheimers_disease_patients_M%C3%A4rz_P_Heese_K_Hock_C_Golombowski_S_M%C3%BCller_Spahn_F_Rose_John_S_Otten_U_Neurosci_Lett_1997_Dec_12_239_1_29_32"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View 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ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44558283" href="https://njms-rutgers.academia.edu/FrankPadberg">Frank T Padberg</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Neuroscience Letters, 1997</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Interleukin6 is not altered in cerebrospinal fluid of first-degree relatives and patients with Alzheimer's disease 1 Paper will be presented in part (Abstract) at the Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, New Orleans, LA, USA in October 1997. 1","attachmentId":43423791,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22881950/Interleukin6_is_not_altered_in_cerebrospinal_fluid_of_first_degree_relatives_and_patients_with_Alzheimers_disease_1_Paper_will_be_presented_in_part_Abstract_at_the_Meeting_of_the_Society_for_Neuroscience_New_Orleans_LA_USA_in_October_1997_1","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22881950/Interleukin6_is_not_altered_in_cerebrospinal_fluid_of_first_degree_relatives_and_patients_with_Alzheimers_disease_1_Paper_will_be_presented_in_part_Abstract_at_the_Meeting_of_the_Society_for_Neuroscience_New_Orleans_LA_USA_in_October_1997_1"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5604364/Nelson_PA_Sage_JR_Wood_SC_Davenport_CM_Anagnostaras_SG_Boulanger_LM_2013_MHC_class_I_immune_proteins_are_critical_for_hippocampus_dependent_memory_and_gate_NMDAR_dependent_hippocampal_long_term_depression_Learning_and_Memory_20_505_17_co_first_author">Nelson PA*, Sage JR*, Wood SC, Davenport CM, Anagnostaras SG, Boulanger LM (2013). MHC class I immune proteins are critical for hippocampus-dependent memory and gate NMDAR-dependent hippocampal long-term depression. Learning & Memory 20, 505-17. *co-first author.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="64473" href="https://ucsd.academia.edu/StephanAnagnostaras">Stephan Anagnostaras</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Nelson PA*, Sage JR*, Wood SC, Davenport CM, Anagnostaras SG, Boulanger LM (2013). MHC class I immune proteins are critical for hippocampus-dependent memory and gate NMDAR-dependent hippocampal long-term depression. 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