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and the rise of the New Deal coalition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1930s–1960s_and_the_rise_of_the_New_Deal_coalition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960s–1980s_and_the_collapse_of_the_New_Deal_coalition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s–1980s_and_the_collapse_of_the_New_Deal_coalition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.3 1960s–1980s and the collapse of the New Deal coalition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s–1980s_and_the_collapse_of_the_New_Deal_coalition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s_and_Third_Way_centrism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s_and_Third_Way_centrism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.4 1990s and Third Way centrism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s_and_Third_Way_centrism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1 2000s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.2 2010s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.3 2020s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Name_and_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name_and_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Name and symbols </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name_and_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Structure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Structure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_committee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_committee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 National committee </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_committee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 State parties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_party_committees_and_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_party_committees_and_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Major party committees and groups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_party_committees_and_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Political positions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political positions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economic_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Economic issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fiscal_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiscal_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Fiscal policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiscal_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minimum_wage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minimum_wage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.2 Minimum wage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minimum_wage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.3 Health care </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.4 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.5 Environment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renewable_energy_and_fossil_fuels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renewable_energy_and_fossil_fuels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.6 Renewable energy and fossil fuels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renewable_energy_and_fossil_fuels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.7 Trade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Social issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Equal_opportunity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equal_opportunity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 Equal opportunity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equal_opportunity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voting_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voting_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.2 Voting rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voting_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abortion_and_reproductive_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abortion_and_reproductive_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.3 Abortion and reproductive rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abortion_and_reproductive_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.4 Immigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBT_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.5 LGBT rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Status_of_Puerto_Rico_and_D.C." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status_of_Puerto_Rico_and_D.C."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.6 Status of Puerto Rico and D.C. </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status_of_Puerto_Rico_and_D.C.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Legal issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gun_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gun_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.1 Gun control </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gun_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_penalty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_penalty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.2 Death penalty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_penalty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Torture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.3 Torture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Privacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Privacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.4 Privacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Privacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Foreign policy issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iran_sanctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran_sanctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.1 Iran sanctions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran_sanctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invasion_of_Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invasion_of_Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.2 Invasion of Afghanistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invasion_of_Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.3 Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe,_Russia,_and_Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe,_Russia,_and_Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.4 Europe, Russia, and Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe,_Russia,_and_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Factions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Factions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Factions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Factions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Factions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Factions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liberals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Liberals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moderates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Moderates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Progressives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Progressives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Progressives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Progressives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Democratic_presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democratic_presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Democratic presidents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Democratic_presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_electoral_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_electoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Recent electoral history </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Recent_electoral_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Recent electoral history subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Recent_electoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_congressional_elections:_1950–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_congressional_elections:_1950–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 In congressional elections: 1950–present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_congressional_elections:_1950–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_presidential_elections:_1828–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_presidential_elections:_1828–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 In presidential elections: 1828–present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_presidential_elections:_1828–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Democratic Party (United States)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 120 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-120" aria-hidden="true" > 120 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratiese_Party_(Verenigde_State)" title="Demokratiese Party (Verenigde State) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Demokratiese Party (Verenigde State)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratische_Partei_(USA)" title="Demokratische Partei (USA) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Demokratische Partei (USA)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B4%E1%88%9E%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%AB%E1%89%B2%E1%8A%AD_%E1%8D%93%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B2_(%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%9C%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AB)" title="ዴሞክራቲክ ፓርቲ (አሜሪካ) – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዴሞክራቲክ ፓርቲ (አሜሪካ)" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9)" title="الحزب الديمقراطي (الولايات المتحدة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحزب الديمقراطي (الولايات المتحدة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%93%DC%92%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A1%DC%98%DC%A9%DC%AA%DC%9B%DC%9D%DC%90_(%DC%90%DC%98%DC%9A%DC%95%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%A1%DC%9A%DC%9D%DC%95%DC%90)" title="ܓܒܐ ܕܝܡܘܩܪܛܝܐ (ܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܡܚܝܕܐ) – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܓܒܐ ܕܝܡܘܩܪܛܝܐ (ܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܡܚܝܕܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part%C3%ADu_Dem%C3%B3crata_(Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos)" title="Partíu Demócrata (Estaos Xuníos) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Partíu Demócrata (Estaos Xuníos)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratlar_Partiyas%C4%B1_(AB%C5%9E)" title="Demokratlar Partiyası (ABŞ) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Demokratlar Partiyası (ABŞ)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A8%DB%8C_(%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B1)" title="دموکرات حیزبی (بیرلشمیش ایالتلر) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دموکرات حیزبی (بیرلشمیش ایالتلر)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_D%C3%A9mokrat_(Am%C3%A9rika_Serikat)" title="Partai Démokrat (Amérika Serikat) – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Partai Démokrat (Amérika Serikat)" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF_(%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0)" title="ডেমোক্র্যাটিক পার্টি (মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডেমোক্র্যাটিক পার্টি (মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AEn-ch%C3%BA_T%C3%B3ng_(B%C3%AD-kok)" title="Bîn-chú Tóng (Bí-kok) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bîn-chú Tóng (Bí-kok)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Дэмакратычная партыя ЗША – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дэмакратычная партыя ЗША" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Дэмакратычная партыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дэмакратычная партыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Demokrata_kan_Estados_Unidos" title="Partido Demokrata kan Estados Unidos – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Partido Demokrata kan Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A9)" title="Демократическа партия (САЩ) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Демократическа партия (САЩ)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party" title="Democratic Party – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Democratic Party" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratska_stranka_(SAD)" title="Demokratska stranka (SAD) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Demokratska stranka (SAD)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strollad_Demokratel_(Stado%C3%B9-Unanet)" title="Strollad Demokratel (Stadoù-Unanet) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Strollad Demokratel (Stadoù-Unanet)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partit_Dem%C3%B2crata_dels_Estats_Units" title="Partit Demòcrata dels Estats Units – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Partit Demòcrata dels Estats Units" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95" title="АПШ Демократи партийĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="АПШ Демократи партийĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratick%C3%A1_strana_(USA)" title="Demokratická strana (USA) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Demokratická strana (USA)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaid_Ddemocrataidd_(Unol_Daleithiau)" title="Plaid Ddemocrataidd (Unol Daleithiau) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Plaid Ddemocrataidd (Unol Daleithiau)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratiske_parti_(USA)" title="Demokratiske parti (USA) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Demokratiske parti (USA)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratische_Partei_(Vereinigte_Staaten)" title="Demokratische Partei (Vereinigte Staaten) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Demokratische Partei (Vereinigte Staaten)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokraatlik_Partei_(Ameerika_%C3%9Chendriigid)" title="Demokraatlik Partei (Ameerika Ühendriigid) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Demokraatlik Partei (Ameerika Ühendriigid)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1_(%CE%97%CE%A0%CE%91)" title="Δημοκρατικό Κόμμα (ΗΠΑ) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δημοκρατικό Κόμμα (ΗΠΑ)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Dem%C3%B3crata_(Estados_Unidos)" title="Partido Demócrata (Estados Unidos) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido Demócrata (Estados Unidos)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokrata_Partio_(Usono)" title="Demokrata Partio (Usono) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Demokrata Partio (Usono)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuetako_Alderdi_Demokrata" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Alderdi Demokrata – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Alderdi Demokrata" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7)" title="حزب دموکرات (ایالات متحده آمریکا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حزب دموکرات (ایالات متحده آمریکا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratiski_Flokkurin" title="Demokratiski Flokkurin – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Demokratiski Flokkurin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_d%C3%A9mocrate_(%C3%89tats-Unis)" title="Parti démocrate (États-Unis) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parti démocrate (États-Unis)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratyske_Partij_(Feriene_Steaten)" title="Demokratyske Partij (Feriene Steaten) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Demokratyske Partij (Feriene Steaten)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1irt%C3%AD_Daonlathach_(St%C3%A1it_Aontaithe)" title="Páirtí Daonlathach (Stáit Aontaithe) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Páirtí Daonlathach (Stáit Aontaithe)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Partee_Deynlagh_(ny_Steatyn_Unnaneysit)" title="Yn Partee Deynlagh (ny Steatyn Unnaneysit) – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Partee Deynlagh (ny Steatyn Unnaneysit)" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Dem%C3%B3crata_(Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica)" title="Partido Demócrata (Estados Unidos de América) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Partido Demócrata (Estados Unidos de América)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ACn-ch%C3%BA-t%C3%B3ng_(M%C3%AE-koet)" title="Mìn-chú-tóng (Mî-koet) – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mìn-chú-tóng (Mî-koet)" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EB%8B%B9_(%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD)" title="민주당 (미국) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="민주당 (미국)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%84%D5%86_%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="ԱՄՆ դեմոկրատական կուսակցություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ԱՄՆ դեմոկրատական կուսակցություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF)" title="डेमोक्रैटिक पार्टी (संयुक्त राज्य) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डेमोक्रैटिक पार्टी (संयुक्त राज्य)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratiska_strona_(Zjedno%C4%87ene_staty_Ameriki)" title="Demokratiska strona (Zjednoćene staty Ameriki) – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Demokratiska strona (Zjednoćene staty Ameriki)" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratska_stranka_(SAD)" title="Demokratska stranka (SAD) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Demokratska stranka (SAD)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokrata_Partiso_(Usa)" title="Demokrata Partiso (Usa) – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Demokrata Partiso (Usa)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Demokratiko_(Estados_Unidos)" title="Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos) – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Partido Demokratiko (Estados Unidos)" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Demokrat_(Amerika_Serikat)" title="Partai Demokrat (Amerika Serikat) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Partai Demokrat (Amerika Serikat)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_Democratic_del_Statos_Unite" title="Partito Democratic del Statos Unite – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Partito Democratic del Statos Unite" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dem%C3%B3krataflokkurinn" title="Demókrataflokkurinn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Demókrataflokkurinn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_Democratico_(Stati_Uniti_d%27America)" title="Partito Democratico (Stati Uniti d'America) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Partito Democratico (Stati Uniti d'America)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="המפלגה הדמוקרטית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המפלגה הדמוקרטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part%C3%A9_Dh%C3%A9mokrat_(Am%C3%A9rika_Sar%C3%A9kat)" title="Parté Dhémokrat (Amérika Sarékat) – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Parté Dhémokrat (Amérika Sarékat)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A8)" title="დემოკრატიული პარტია (აშშ) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დემოკრატიული პარტია (აშშ)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%90%D2%9A%D0%A8)" title="Демократиялық партия (АҚШ) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Демократиялық партия (АҚШ)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_an_Dhemokratyon" title="Parti an Dhemokratyon – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Parti an Dhemokratyon" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chama_cha_Kidemokrasia_cha_Marekani" title="Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Marekani – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Marekani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partiya_Demokrat_a_DYAy%C3%AA" title="Partiya Demokrat a DYAyê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Partiya Demokrat a DYAyê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9A%D0%A8_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="АКШ Демократиялык партиясы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="АКШ Демократиялык партиясы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%95_(%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94)" title="ພັກປະຊາທິປະໄຕ (ສະຫະລັດ) – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພັກປະຊາທິປະໄຕ (ສະຫະລັດ)" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factio_democratica_(Civitates_Foederatae)" title="Factio democratica (Civitates Foederatae) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Factio democratica (Civitates Foederatae)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASV_Demokr%C4%81tisk%C4%81_partija" title="ASV Demokrātiskā partija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="ASV Demokrātiskā partija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(USA)" title="Democratic Party (USA) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Democratic Party (USA)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAV_demokrat%C5%B3_partija" title="JAV demokratų partija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="JAV demokratų partija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partio_Democratego_(Stati_Un%C3%AFi_d%27America)" title="Partio Democratego (Stati Unïi d'America) – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Partio Democratego (Stati Unïi d'America)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partii_Democrategh_(Stat_Unii_d%27America)" title="Partii Democrategh (Stat Unii d'America) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Partii Democrategh (Stat Unii d'America)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokrata_P%C3%A1rt_(Amerikai_Egyes%C3%BClt_%C3%81llamok)" title="Demokrata Párt (Amerikai Egyesült Államok) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Demokrata Párt (Amerikai Egyesült Államok)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%94)" title="Демократска партија (САД) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Демократска партија (САД)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF_(%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%90%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE)" title="ഡെമോക്രാറ്റിക് പാർട്ടി (അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകൾ) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡെമോക്രാറ്റിക് പാർട്ടി (അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകൾ)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7_(%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE)" title="डेमोक्रॅटिक पक्ष (अमेरिका) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डेमोक्रॅटिक पक्ष (अमेरिका)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8)" title="დემოკრატიული პარტია (ააშ) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დემოკრატიული პარტია (ააშ)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%89_%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7" title="الحزب الديموقراطى فى امريكا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الحزب الديموقراطى فى امريكا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="آمریکای دموکراتون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آمریکای دموکراتون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_Demokrat_(Amerika_Syarikat)" title="Parti Demokrat (Amerika Syarikat) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Parti Demokrat (Amerika Syarikat)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ACng-ci%C5%8D-d%C5%8Dng_(M%C4%AB-gu%C3%B3k)" title="Mìng-ciō-dōng (Mī-guók) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mìng-ciō-dōng (Mī-guók)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC_(%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%A3)" title="Ардчилсан Нам (АНУ) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ардчилсан Нам (АНУ)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE_(%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF)" title="ဒီမိုကရက်တစ်ပါတီ (အမေရိကန် ပြည်ထောင်စု) – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒီမိုကရက်တစ်ပါတီ (အမေရိကန် ပြည်ထောင်စု)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratische_Partij_(Verenigde_Staten)" title="Democratische Partij (Verenigde Staten) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Democratische Partij (Verenigde Staten)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE)" title="डेमोक्रेटिक पार्टी (अमेरिका) – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="डेमोक्रेटिक पार्टी (अमेरिका)" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A_(%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD)" title="民主党 (アメリカ合衆国) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="民主党 (アメリカ合衆国)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokraatisk_Partei_(USA)" title="Demokraatisk Partei (USA) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Demokraatisk Partei (USA)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_demokratiske_parti_(USA)" title="Det demokratiske parti (USA) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det demokratiske parti (USA)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_demokratiske_partiet_i_USA" title="Det demokratiske partiet i USA – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det demokratiske partiet i USA" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partit_Democrata_(Estats_Units)" title="Partit Democrata (Estats Units) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Partit Democrata (Estats Units)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratlar_partiyasi" title="Demokratlar partiyasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Demokratlar partiyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80_(%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C)" title="ਡੈਮੋਕਰੇਟਿਕ ਪਾਰਟੀ (ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡੈਮੋਕਰੇਟਿਕ ਪਾਰਟੀ (ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9%DA%A9_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="ڈیموکریٹک پارٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈیموکریٹک پارٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%DA%AB%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF" title="د امریکا متحده آیالاتونو دیمکرات ګوند – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د امریکا متحده آیالاتونو دیمکرات ګوند" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partia_Demokratyczna_(Stany_Zjednoczone)" title="Partia Demokratyczna (Stany Zjednoczone) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Partia Demokratyczna (Stany Zjednoczone)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Democrata_(Estados_Unidos)" title="Partido Democrata (Estados Unidos) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partido Democrata (Estados Unidos)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partidul_Democrat_(Statele_Unite_ale_Americii)" title="Partidul Democrat (Statele Unite ale Americii) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Partidul Democrat (Statele Unite ale Americii)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90)" title="Демократическая партия (США) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Демократическая партия (США)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Pairty_(Unitit_States)" title="Democratic Pairty (Unitit States) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partia_Demokratike_(ShBA)" title="Partia Demokratike (ShBA) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Partia Demokratike (ShBA)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partitu_dimucr%C3%A0ticu_(Stati_Uniti)" title="Partitu dimucràticu (Stati Uniti) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Partitu dimucràticu (Stati Uniti)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA)" title="ඩිමොක්‍රටික් පක්ෂය (එක්සත් ජනපදය) – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඩිමොක්‍රටික් පක්ෂය (එක්සත් ජනපදය)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Democratic Party (United States)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratick%C3%A1_strana_(USA)" title="Demokratická strana (USA) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Demokratická strana (USA)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratska_stranka_(Zdru%C5%BEene_dr%C5%BEave_Amerike)" title="Demokratska stranka (Združene države Amerike) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Demokratska stranka (Združene države Amerike)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_(%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="پارتی دیموکرات (ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکان) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پارتی دیموکرات (ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکان)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%94)" title="Демократска странка (САД) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Демократска странка (САД)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratska_stranka_(SAD)" title="Demokratska stranka (SAD) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Demokratska stranka (SAD)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_demokraattinen_puolue" title="Yhdysvaltain demokraattinen puolue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain demokraattinen puolue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokratiska_partiet" title="Demokratiska partiet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Demokratiska partiet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Demokrata_(Estados_Unidos)" title="Partido Demokrata (Estados Unidos) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Partido Demokrata (Estados Unidos)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF_(%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE)" title="மக்களாட்சிக் கட்சி (ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மக்களாட்சிக் கட்சி (ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்கா)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/AQ%C5%9E_Demokratik_firq%C3%A4se" title="AQŞ Demokratik firqäse – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="AQŞ Demokratik firqäse" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%80_(%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D)" title="డెమొక్రటిక్ పార్టీ (యునైటెడ్ స్టేట్స్) – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డెమొక్రటిక్ పార్టీ (యునైటెడ్ స్టేట్స్)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95_(%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90)" title="พรรคเดโมแครต (สหรัฐ) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พรรคเดโมแครต (สหรัฐ)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90" title="Ҳизби демократи ИМА – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳизби демократи ИМА" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokrat_Parti_(Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri)" title="Demokrat Parti (Amerika Birleşik Devletleri) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Demokrat Parti (Amerika Birleşik Devletleri)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Демократична партія США – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Демократична партія США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9%DA%A9_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%DB%8C_(%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%81)" title="ڈیموکریٹک پارٹی (ریاستہائے متحدہ) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈیموکریٹک پارٹی (ریاستہائے متحدہ)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partio_Democr%C3%A0tego_(Stati_Unii_de_l%27Am%C3%A8rica)" title="Partio Democràtego (Stati Unii de l'Amèrica) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Partio Democràtego (Stati Unii de l'Amèrica)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng_D%C3%A2n_ch%E1%BB%A7_(Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3)" title="Đảng Dân chủ (Hoa Kỳ) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đảng Dân chủ (Hoa Kỳ)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Demokrata_(Estados_Unidos)" title="Partido Demokrata (Estados Unidos) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Partido Demokrata (Estados Unidos)" 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style="display:none">American political party</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the 1792–1834 party, see <a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican Party</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #3333FF; border-bottom:2px solid #3333FF; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Democratic Party</div> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Democratic_Party_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A blue circle with a capital "D" inside" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/US_Democratic_Party_Logo.svg/180px-US_Democratic_Party_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/US_Democratic_Party_Logo.svg/270px-US_Democratic_Party_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/US_Democratic_Party_Logo.svg/360px-US_Democratic_Party_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="86" data-file-height="86" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_chair" title="Party chair">Chairperson</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Harrison" title="Jaime Harrison">Jaime Harrison</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Governing body</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/U.S._President" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. President">U.S. President</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/U.S._Vice_President" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Vice President">U.S. Vice President</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Senate Majority Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">House Minority Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Hakeem Jeffries</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">January 8, 1828; 196 years ago (1828-01-08)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore, Maryland</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">430 <a href="/wiki/South_Capitol_Street" title="South Capitol Street">South Capitol St.</a> SE, Washington, D.C., U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Student_wing" title="Student wing">Student wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_School_Democrats_of_America" title="High School Democrats of America">High School Democrats of America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/College_Democrats_of_America" title="College Democrats of America">College Democrats of America</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Young_Democrats_of_America" title="Young Democrats of America">Young Democrats of America</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_wing" title="Women's wing">Women's wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Democratic_Women" title="National Federation of Democratic Women">National Federation of Democratic Women</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Overseas wing</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li>Majority:</li><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Liberalism</a><a href="#cite_note-sarnold-4">[4]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)">Factions</a>:</li><li><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centrism</a><a href="#cite_note-Bacon-5">[5]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">Progressivism</a><a href="#cite_note-SteinCornwellTanfani2018-6">[6]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Center-left</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[b]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disputed_statement" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Disputed statement">disputed</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Democratic_Party_(United_States)#Sourcing_for_party_position" title="Talk:Democratic Party (United States)">discuss</a>]</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Congressional_caucuses" class="mw-redirect" title="Congressional caucuses">Caucuses</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Problem_Solvers_Caucus" title="Problem Solvers Caucus">Problem Solvers Caucus</a> <a href="/wiki/Blue_Dog_Coalition" title="Blue Dog Coalition">Blue Dog Coalition</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Democrat_Coalition" title="New Democrat Coalition">New Democrat Coalition</a> <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Progressive_Caucus" title="Congressional Progressive Caucus">Congressional Progressive Caucus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  <a href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">Blue</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">47 / 100<a href="#cite_note-13">[c]</a><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">213 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_governors#State_governors" title="List of current United States governors">State Governors</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">23 / 50<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">State upper chambers</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">857 / 1,973<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 43%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">State lower chambers</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">2,425 / 5,413<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 45%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_governors#Territory_governors" title="List of current United States governors">Territorial Governors</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">4 / 5<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 80%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Seats in <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States#Governments_and_legislatures" title="Territories of the United States">Territorial upper chambers</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">31 / 97<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 32%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Seats in <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States#Governments_and_legislatures" title="Territories of the United States">Territorial lower chambers</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;">9 / 91<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 10%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Election symbol</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Democratic_Disc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Democratic_Disc.svg/100px-Democratic_Disc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Democratic_Disc.svg/150px-Democratic_Disc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Democratic_Disc.svg/200px-Democratic_Disc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://democrats.org/">democrats.org</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29552#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #3333FF;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="List of political parties in the United States">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States" title="Elections in the United States">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Democratic Party is one of the <a href="/wiki/Two-party_system" title="Two-party system">two</a> <a href="/wiki/Major_party" title="Major party">major</a> contemporary <a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">political parties in the United States</a>. Since the late 1850s, its main political rival has been the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>; the two parties have since dominated American politics. The Democratic Party was founded in 1828. <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> of New York played the central role in building the coalition of state organizations that formed a new party as a vehicle to elect <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> of Tennessee. The Democratic Party is the world's oldest active political party.<a href="#cite_note-Lucas-2014-14">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Janda-2010-15">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kazin-2022-16">[13]</a> It initially supported <a href="/wiki/Centralized_government" title="Centralized government">expansive presidential power</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Holt-1992-17">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">agrarianism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-EB-2023-18">[15]</a> and geographical <a href="/wiki/Expansionism" title="Expansionism">expansionism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-EB-2023-18">[15]</a> while opposing <a href="/wiki/Bank_War" title="Bank War">a national bank</a> and high <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariffs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EB-2023-18">[15]</a> From 1848 it was dominated by <a href="/wiki/Slave_Power" title="Slave Power">the interests</a> of <a href="/wiki/Slave_states_and_free_states" title="Slave states and free states">slave states</a><a href="#cite_note-Bates-2015-19">[16]</a> until it split in 1860 over <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] It won the presidency only twice<a href="#cite_note-20">[d]</a> between 1860 and 1912, although it <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_in_which_the_winner_lost_the_popular_vote" title="List of United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote">won the popular vote</a> two more times in that period. In the late 19th century, it continued to oppose high tariffs and had fierce internal debates on the <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold standard</a>. In the early 20th century, it partially (not all factions) supported <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressive</a> reforms and opposed <a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">imperialism</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> winning the White House in <a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a> and <a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a>. Since <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> was elected president in 1932, the Democratic Party has promoted a <a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">liberal</a> platform that includes support for <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_(United_States)" title="Social Security (United States)">Social Security</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Unemployment insurance in the United States">unemployment insurance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sarnold-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-egrigsby-22">[18]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> attracted strong support for the party from recent European immigrants but diminished the party's pro-business wing.<a href="#cite_note-23">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[21]</a> From late in Roosevelt's administration through the 1950s, a minority in the party's <a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Democrat">Southern wing</a> joined with conservative Republicans to slow and stop progressive domestic reforms.<a href="#cite_note-26">[22]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Great_Society" title="Great Society">Great Society</a> era of progressive legislation under <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>, who was often able to overcome the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_coalition" title="Conservative coalition">conservative coalition</a> in the 1960s, the core bases of the parties shifted, with the <a href="/wiki/Southern_strategy" title="Southern strategy">Southern states becoming more reliably Republican</a> and the Northeastern states becoming more reliably Democratic.<a href="#cite_note-27">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-gallup2010-28">[24]</a> The party's <a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">labor union</a> element has become smaller since the 1970s,<a href="#cite_note-Kullgren-2020-29">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[26]</a> and as the American electorate shifted in a more conservative direction following the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidency of Ronald Reagan">presidency of Ronald Reagan</a>, the election of <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> marked a move for the party toward the <a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a>, moving the party's economic stance towards market-based economic policy.<a href="#cite_note-Hale-1995-31">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wills-1997-32">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> oversaw the party's passage of the <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a> in 2010. During his and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>'s presidency, the party has adopted an increasingly <a href="/wiki/Economic_progressivism" title="Economic progressivism">progressive economic agenda</a><a href="#cite_note-Hacker-2024-34">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gerstle2022-35">[31]</a> and more <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing views</a> on <a href="/wiki/Cultural_liberalism" title="Cultural liberalism">cultural and social issues</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[32]</a> In the 21st century, the party is strongest among <a href="/wiki/Urban%E2%80%93rural_political_divide" title="Urban–rural political divide">urban voters</a>,<a href="#cite_note-McGreal-37">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-cities-38">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">union workers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">college graduates</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Polarization_by_education-39">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Polarized_by_Degrees-40">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-nymag.com-41">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-42">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Woman" title="Woman">women</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">American Jews</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Blacks_and_the_Democratic_Party-43">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bositis-44">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-pewresearch.org-45">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT+ people</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Activists_and_Partisan_Realignment-47">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Grossmann-2021-48">[44]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Marital_status" title="Marital status">unmarried</a>. On social issues, it advocates for <a href="/wiki/Abortion-rights_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion-rights movements">abortion rights</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Traister-2023-49">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Voting_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Voting rights in the United States">voting rights</a>,<a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NPR-2012a-51">[47]</a> action on <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>,<a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis_by_U.S._jurisdiction" title="Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction">legalization of marijuana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gurley-2020-53">[49]</a> On economic issues, the party favors <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare reform in the United States">healthcare reform</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_child_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal child care">universal child care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paid_sick_leave" class="mw-redirect" title="Paid sick leave">paid sick leave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unionization" title="Unionization">supporting unions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Miranda_Ollstein-2022-54">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Goodnough-2019-55">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-jlevy-56">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_State-57">[53]</a> In foreign policy, the party supports <a href="/wiki/Liberal_internationalism" title="Liberal internationalism">liberal internationalism</a> as well as tough stances against <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[56]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Democratic Party (United States)">History of the Democratic Party (United States)</a></div><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Political_Parties_Derivation_in_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Political_Parties_Derivation_in_the_United_States.svg/400px-Political_Parties_Derivation_in_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Political_Parties_Derivation_in_the_United_States.svg/600px-Political_Parties_Derivation_in_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Political_Parties_Derivation_in_the_United_States.svg/800px-Political_Parties_Derivation_in_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="749" data-file-height="354" /></a><figcaption>Political parties' derivation in the United States. A dotted line denotes an unofficial connection.</figcaption></figure>Democratic Party officials often trace its origins to the <a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican Party</a>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> and other influential opponents of the conservative <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalists</a> in 1792.<a href="#cite_note-US_Congress-1991-61">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a> That party died out before the modern Democratic Party was organized;<a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a> the Jeffersonian party also inspired the <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whigs</a> and modern Republicans.<a href="#cite_note-64">[60]</a> Historians argue that the modern Democratic Party was first organized in the late 1820s with the election of war hero <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a><a href="#cite_note-Kazin-2022-16">[13]</a> of Tennessee, making it the world's oldest active political party.<a href="#cite_note-Janda-2010-15">[12]</a> It was predominately built by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a>, who assembled a wide cadre of politicians in every state behind Jackson.<a href="#cite_note-Lucas-2014-14">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kazin-2022-16">[13]</a> Since the nomination of <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a> in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> on economic issues. Democrats have been more liberal on civil rights since 1948, although conservative factions within the Democratic Party that opposed them persisted in the South until the 1960s. On foreign policy, both parties have changed positions several times.<a href="#cite_note-65">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrew_jackson_head.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Andrew_jackson_head.jpg/170px-Andrew_jackson_head.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Andrew_jackson_head.jpg/255px-Andrew_jackson_head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Andrew_jackson_head.jpg/340px-Andrew_jackson_head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2472" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> was the seventh president (1829–1837) and the first Democratic president.</figcaption></figure> The Democratic Party evolved from the <a href="/wiki/Jeffersonian_Republican" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeffersonian Republican">Jeffersonian Republican</a> or <a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican Party</a> organized by Jefferson and Madison in opposition to the Federalist Party.<a href="#cite_note-66">[62]</a> The Democratic-Republican Party favored <a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">republicanism</a>; a weak <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal government</a>; <a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">states' rights</a>; agrarian interests (especially Southern planters); and strict adherence to the Constitution. The party opposed a national bank and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[63]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, the Federalists virtually disappeared and the only national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans, which was prone to splinter along regional lines.<a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a> The era of one-party rule in the United States, known as the <a href="/wiki/Era_of_Good_Feelings" title="Era of Good Feelings">Era of Good Feelings</a>, lasted from 1816 until 1828, when Andrew Jackson became president. Jackson and Martin Van Buren worked with allies in each state to form a new Democratic Party on a national basis. In the 1830s, the <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a> coalesced into the main rival to the Democrats. Before 1860, the Democratic Party supported <a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">expansive presidential power</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Holt-1992-17">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Slave_Power" title="Slave Power">the interests</a> of <a href="/wiki/Slave_states_and_free_states" title="Slave states and free states">slave states</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Bates-2015-19">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">agrarianism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-EB-2023-18">[15]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Expansionism" title="Expansionism">expansionism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-EB-2023-18">[15]</a> while opposing <a href="/wiki/Bank_War" title="Bank War">a national bank</a> and high <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariffs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EB-2023-18">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Second_Party_System" title="Second Party System">Second Party System</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_Party_System" title="Third Party System">Third Party System</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Martin_Van_Buren_by_Mathew_Brady_c1855-58.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Martin_Van_Buren_by_Mathew_Brady_c1855-58.jpg/170px-Martin_Van_Buren_by_Mathew_Brady_c1855-58.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Martin_Van_Buren_by_Mathew_Brady_c1855-58.jpg/255px-Martin_Van_Buren_by_Mathew_Brady_c1855-58.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Martin_Van_Buren_by_Mathew_Brady_c1855-58.jpg/340px-Martin_Van_Buren_by_Mathew_Brady_c1855-58.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2988" data-file-height="3742" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> was the eighth president of the United States (1837–1841) and the second Democratic president.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican Party</a> split over the choice of a successor to President <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a> The faction that supported many of the old <a href="/wiki/Jeffersonian_democracy" title="Jeffersonian democracy">Jeffersonian principles</a>, led by Andrew Jackson and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a>, became the modern Democratic Party.<a href="#cite_note-70">[66]</a> Historian <a href="/wiki/Mary_Beth_Norton" title="Mary Beth Norton">Mary Beth Norton</a> explains the transformation in 1828: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Jacksonians believed the people's will had finally prevailed. Through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president. The Democrats became the nation's first well-organized national party ... and tight party organization became the hallmark of nineteenth-century American politics.<a href="#cite_note-71">[67]</a></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polk_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Polk_crop.jpg/170px-Polk_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Polk_crop.jpg/255px-Polk_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Polk_crop.jpg/340px-Polk_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1353" data-file-height="1700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a> was the 11th president of the United States (1845–1849). He significantly extended the territory of the United States.</figcaption></figure> Behind the platforms issued by state and national parties stood a widely shared political outlook that characterized the Democrats: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The Democrats represented a wide range of views but shared a fundamental commitment to the Jeffersonian concept of an agrarian society. They viewed the central government as the enemy of individual liberty. The <a href="/wiki/Corrupt_bargain#Election_of_1824" title="Corrupt bargain">1824 "corrupt bargain"</a> had strengthened their suspicion of Washington politics. ... Jacksonians feared the concentration of economic and political power. They believed that government intervention in the economy benefited special-interest groups and created corporate monopolies that favored the rich. They sought to restore the independence of the individual—the artisan and the ordinary farmer—by ending federal support of banks and corporations and restricting the use of paper currency, which they distrusted. Their definition of the proper role of government tended to be negative, and Jackson's political power was largely expressed in negative acts. He exercised the veto more than all previous presidents combined. ... Nor did Jackson share reformers' humanitarian concerns. He had no sympathy for American Indians, initiating the removal of the Cherokees along the <a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears" title="Trail of Tears">Trail of Tears</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a></blockquote> Opposing factions led by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> helped form the Whig Party. The Democratic Party had a small yet decisive advantage over the Whigs until the 1850s when the Whigs fell apart over the issue of slavery. In 1854, angry with the <a href="/wiki/Kansas%E2%80%93Nebraska_Act" title="Kansas–Nebraska Act">Kansas–Nebraska Act</a>, anti-slavery Democrats left the party and joined Northern Whigs to form the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the United States Republican Party">Republican Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[70]</a> Martin van Buren also helped found the <a href="/wiki/Free_Soil_Party" title="Free Soil Party">Free Soil Party</a> to oppose the spread of slavery, running as its candidate in the <a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848 presidential election</a>, before returning to the Democratic Party and staying loyal to the Union.<a href="#cite_note-75">[71]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephen_A_Douglas_-_headshot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Stephen_A_Douglas_-_headshot.jpg/170px-Stephen_A_Douglas_-_headshot.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Stephen_A_Douglas_-_headshot.jpg/255px-Stephen_A_Douglas_-_headshot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Stephen_A_Douglas_-_headshot.jpg/340px-Stephen_A_Douglas_-_headshot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="2040" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Stephen A. Douglas</a> was a United States senator for Illinois.</figcaption></figure> The Democrats split over slavery, with Northern and Southern tickets in the <a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">election of 1860</a>, in which the Republican Party gained ascendancy.<a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a> The radical pro-slavery <a href="/wiki/Fire-Eaters" title="Fire-Eaters">Fire-Eaters</a> led walkouts at the two conventions when the delegates would not adopt a resolution supporting the extension of slavery into territories even if the voters of those territories did not want it. These <a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election#Constitutional_(Southern)_Democratic" title="1860 United States presidential election">Southern Democrats</a> nominated the pro-slavery incumbent vice president, <a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">John C. Breckinridge</a> of Kentucky, for president and General <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lane" title="Joseph Lane">Joseph Lane</a>, of Oregon, for vice president. The <a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election#National_(Northern)_Democratic" title="1860 United States presidential election">Northern Democrats</a> nominated Senator <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Stephen A. Douglas</a> of Illinois for president and former Georgia Governor <a href="/wiki/Herschel_Vespasian_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Herschel Vespasian Johnson">Herschel V. Johnson</a> for vice president. This fracturing of the Democrats led to a Republican victory and <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> was elected the 16th president of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a> As the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> broke out, Northern Democrats were divided into <a href="/wiki/War_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="War Democrats">War Democrats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copperheads_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Copperheads (politics)">Peace Democrats</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a> deliberately avoided organized political parties. Most War Democrats rallied to Republican President Abraham Lincoln and the Republicans' <a href="/wiki/National_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="National Union Party (United States)">National Union Party</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">election of 1864</a>, which featured <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> on the Union ticket to attract fellow Democrats. Johnson replaced Lincoln in 1865, but he stayed independent of both parties.<a href="#cite_note-78">[74]</a> The Democrats benefited from white Southerners' resentment of <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction era of the United States">Reconstruction</a> after the war and consequent hostility to the Republican Party. After <a href="/wiki/Redeemers" title="Redeemers">Redeemers</a> ended Reconstruction in the 1870s and following the often extremely violent <a href="/wiki/Disenfranchisement_after_the_Reconstruction_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era">disenfranchisement</a> of African Americans led by such <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy#Academic_use_of_the_term" title="White supremacy">white supremacist</a> Democratic politicians as <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tillman" title="Benjamin Tillman">Benjamin Tillman</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> in the 1880s and 1890s, the South, voting Democratic, became known as the "<a href="/wiki/Solid_South" title="Solid South">Solid South</a>". Although Republicans won all but two presidential elections, the Democrats remained competitive. The party was dominated by pro-business <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Democrat" title="Bourbon Democrat">Bourbon Democrats</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Tilden" title="Samuel J. Tilden">Samuel J. Tilden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a>, who represented mercantile, banking, and railroad interests; opposed <a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">imperialism</a> and overseas expansion; fought for the <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold standard</a>; opposed <a href="/wiki/Bimetallism" title="Bimetallism">bimetallism</a>; and crusaded against corruption, high taxes and tariffs. Cleveland was elected to non-consecutive presidential terms in <a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884</a> and <a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Party_System" title="Fourth Party System">Fourth Party System</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Party_System" title="Fifth Party System">Fifth Party System</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Party_System" title="Sixth Party System">Sixth Party System</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_20th_century">Early 20th century</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Breckinridgelong2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Breckinridgelong2.jpg/220px-Breckinridgelong2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Breckinridgelong2.jpg/330px-Breckinridgelong2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Breckinridgelong2.jpg/440px-Breckinridgelong2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1502" data-file-height="1106" /></a><figcaption>Leaders of the Democratic Party during the first half of the 20th century on in 1913: William Jennings Bryan, <a href="/wiki/Josephus_Daniels" title="Josephus Daniels">Josephus Daniels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breckinridge_Long" title="Breckinridge Long">Breckinridge Long</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Phillips_(diplomat)" title="William Phillips (diplomat)">William Phillips</a>, and Franklin D. Roosevelt</figcaption></figure> Agrarian Democrats demanding <a href="/wiki/Free_silver" title="Free silver">free silver</a>, drawing on Populist ideas, overthrew the Bourbon Democrats in 1896 and nominated <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a> for the presidency (a nomination repeated by Democrats in 1900 and 1908). Bryan waged a vigorous campaign attacking Eastern moneyed interests, but he lost to Republican <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[76]</a> The Democrats took control of the House in 1910, and <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> won election as president in 1912 (when the Republicans split) and 1916. Wilson effectively led Congress to put to rest the issues of tariffs, money, and antitrust, which had dominated politics for 40 years, with new progressive laws. He failed to secure Senate passage of the <a href="/wiki/Versailles_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Versailles Treaty">Versailles Treaty</a> (ending the war with Germany and joining the League of Nations).<a href="#cite_note-81">[77]</a> The weakened party was deeply divided by issues such as the KKK and prohibition in the 1920s. However, it did organize new ethnic voters in Northern cities.<a href="#cite_note-82">[78]</a> After <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> ended and continuing through the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, the Democratic and Republican Parties both largely believed in <a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">American exceptionalism</a> over European monarchies and <a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">state socialism</a> that existed elsewhere in the world.<a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1930s–1960s_and_the_rise_of_the_New_Deal_coalition">1930s–1960s and the rise of the New Deal coalition</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RooseveltTruman1944poster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/RooseveltTruman1944poster.jpg/170px-RooseveltTruman1944poster.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/RooseveltTruman1944poster.jpg/255px-RooseveltTruman1944poster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/RooseveltTruman1944poster.jpg/340px-RooseveltTruman1944poster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="348" data-file-height="445" /></a><figcaption>Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, the 32nd and 33rd presidents of the United States (1933–1945; 1945–1953), featured on a campaign poster for the <a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944 presidential election</a>; note the rooster logo of the Democratic Party (see <a href="#Name_and_symbols">Names and Symbols</a> below)</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> in 1929 that began under Republican President <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> and the Republican Congress set the stage for a more liberal government as the Democrats controlled the House of Representatives nearly uninterrupted from 1930 until 1994, the Senate for 44 of 48 years from 1930, and won most presidential elections until 1968. <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, elected to the presidency in 1932, came forth with federal government programs called the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a>. New Deal liberalism meant the regulation of business (especially finance and banking) and the promotion of labor unions as well as federal spending to aid the unemployed, help distressed farmers and undertake large-scale public works projects. It marked the start of the American welfare state.<a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a> The opponents, who stressed opposition to unions, support for business and low taxes, started calling themselves "conservatives".<a href="#cite_note-85">[81]</a> Until the 1980s, the Democratic Party was a coalition of two parties divided by the Mason–Dixon line: liberal Democrats in the North and culturally conservative voters in the South, who though benefitting from many of the New Deal public works projects, opposed increasing <a href="/wiki/Civil_and_political_rights" title="Civil and political rights">civil rights</a> initiatives advocated by northeastern liberals. The polarization grew stronger after Roosevelt died. Southern Democrats formed a key part of the bipartisan <a href="/wiki/Conservative_coalition" title="Conservative coalition">conservative coalition</a> in an alliance with most of the Midwestern Republicans. The economically activist philosophy of Franklin D. Roosevelt, which has strongly influenced <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">American liberalism</a>, shaped much of the party's economic agenda after 1932.<a href="#cite_note-86">[82]</a> From the 1930s to the mid-1960s, the liberal <a href="/wiki/New_Deal_coalition" title="New Deal coalition">New Deal coalition</a> usually controlled the presidency while the conservative coalition usually controlled Congress.<a href="#cite_note-87">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1960s–1980s_and_the_collapse_of_the_New_Deal_coalition">1960s–1980s and the collapse of the New Deal coalition</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Rights Movement">Civil Rights Movement</a></div> Issues facing parties and the United States after World War II included the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a>. Republicans attracted conservatives and, after the 1960s, white Southerners from the Democratic coalition with their use of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_strategy" title="Southern strategy">Southern strategy</a> and resistance to New Deal and <a href="/wiki/Great_Society" title="Great Society">Great Society</a> liberalism. Until the 1950s, African Americans had traditionally supported the Republican Party because of its anti-slavery civil rights policies. Following the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a> and <a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a>, the Southern states became more reliably Republican in presidential politics, while Northeastern states became more reliably Democratic.<a href="#cite_note-Regional_Variations_in_the_Realignment_of_American_Politics,_1944–2004-88">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-Black-2003-90">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-Activists_and_Partisan_Realignment-47">[43]</a> Studies show that Southern whites, which were a core constituency in the Democratic Party, shifted to the Republican Party due to <a href="/wiki/White_backlash" title="White backlash">racial backlash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">social conservatism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Issue_Evolution-91">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-Valentino-2005-92">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:146px;max-width:146px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:186px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:John_F._Kennedy,_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg/144px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg/216px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg/288px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1419" data-file-height="1840" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>, the 35th president (1961–1963)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:186px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg/140px-37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg/210px-37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg/280px-37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="1228" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>, the 36th president (1963–1969)</div></div></div></div></div> The election of President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> from Massachusetts in 1960 partially reflected this shift. In the campaign, Kennedy attracted a new generation of younger voters. In his agenda dubbed the <a href="/wiki/New_Frontier" title="New Frontier">New Frontier</a>, Kennedy introduced a host of social programs and public works projects, along with enhanced support of the <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">space program</a>, proposing a crewed spacecraft <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">trip to the moon</a> by the end of the decade. He pushed for civil rights initiatives and proposed the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a>, but with his <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">assassination</a> in November 1963, he was not able to see its passage.<a href="#cite_note-94">[90]</a> Kennedy's successor <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> was able to persuade the largely conservative Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and with a more progressive Congress in 1965 passed much of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Society" title="Great Society">Great Society</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a>, which consisted of an array of social programs designed to help the poor, sick, and elderly. Kennedy and Johnson's advocacy of civil rights further solidified black support for the Democrats but had the effect of alienating Southern whites who would eventually gravitate toward the Republican Party, particularly after the election of <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> to the presidency in 1980. Many conservative <a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrats" title="Southern Democrats">Southern Democrats</a> defected to the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>, beginning with the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a> and the general leftward shift of the party.<a href="#cite_note-95">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-Black-2003-90">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-Activists_and_Partisan_Realignment-47">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Valentino-2005-92">[88]</a> The United States' involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> in the 1960s was another divisive issue that further fractured the fault lines of the Democrats' coalition. After the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin_Resolution" title="Gulf of Tonkin Resolution">Gulf of Tonkin Resolution</a> in 1964, President Johnson committed a large contingency of combat troops to Vietnam, but the escalation failed to drive the <a href="/wiki/Viet_Cong" title="Viet Cong">Viet Cong</a> from South Vietnam, resulting in an increasing <a href="/wiki/Quagmire_theory" title="Quagmire theory">quagmire</a>, which by 1968 had become the subject of widespread anti-war protests in the United States and elsewhere. With increasing casualties and nightly news reports bringing home troubling images from Vietnam, the costly military engagement became increasingly unpopular, alienating many of the kinds of young voters that the Democrats had attracted in the early 1960s. The protests that year along with assassinations of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> and Democratic presidential candidate Senator <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> (younger brother of John F. Kennedy) climaxed in turbulence at the hotly-contested <a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention</a> that summer in Chicago (which amongst the ensuing turmoil inside and outside of the convention hall nominated Vice President <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a>) in a series of events that proved to mark a significant turning point in the decline of the Democratic Party's broad coalition.<a href="#cite_note-96">[92]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg/170px-JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg/255px-JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg/340px-JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="2027" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>, the 39th president (1977–1981)</figcaption></figure> Republican presidential nominee <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> was able to capitalize on the confusion of the Democrats that year, and won the 1968 election to become the 37th president. He won re-election in a <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">landslide</a> in 1972 against Democratic nominee <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a>, who like Robert F. Kennedy, reached out to the younger anti-war and counterculture voters, but unlike Kennedy, was not able to appeal to the party's more traditional white working-class constituencies. During Nixon's second term, his presidency was rocked by the <a href="/wiki/Watergate" class="mw-redirect" title="Watergate">Watergate</a> scandal, which forced him to resign in 1974. He was succeeded by vice president <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>, who served a brief tenure. Watergate offered the Democrats an opportunity to recoup, and their nominee <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> won the 1976 presidential election. With the initial support of <a href="/wiki/Evangelical" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical">evangelical</a> Christian voters in the South, Carter was temporarily able to reunite the disparate factions within the party, but inflation and the <a href="/wiki/Iran_Hostage_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran Hostage Crisis">Iran Hostage Crisis</a> of 1979–1980 took their toll, resulting in a <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">landslide</a> victory for Republican presidential nominee <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> in 1980, which shifted the political landscape in favor of the Republicans for years to come. The influx of conservative Democrats into the Republican Party is often cited as a reason for the Republican Party's shift further to the right during the late 20th century as well as the shift of its base from the Northeast and Midwest to the South.<a href="#cite_note-97">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1990s_and_Third_Way_centrism">1990s and Third Way centrism</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Clinton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bill_Clinton.jpg/170px-Bill_Clinton.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bill_Clinton.jpg/255px-Bill_Clinton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bill_Clinton.jpg/340px-Bill_Clinton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2299" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>, the 42nd president (1993–2001)</figcaption></figure> With the ascendancy of the Republicans under Ronald Reagan, the Democrats searched for ways to respond yet were unable to succeed by running traditional candidates, such as former vice president and Democratic presidential nominee <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> and Massachusetts Governor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Michael Dukakis</a>, who lost to Reagan and <a href="/wiki/George_H.W._Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="George H.W. Bush">George H.W. Bush</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984</a> and <a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988 presidential elections</a>, respectively. Many Democrats attached their hopes to the future star of <a href="/wiki/Gary_Hart" title="Gary Hart">Gary Hart</a>, who had challenged Mondale in the <a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1984 primaries</a> running on a theme of "New Ideas"; and in the subsequent <a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1988 primaries</a> became the de facto front-runner and virtual "shoo-in" for the Democratic presidential nomination before a sex scandal ended his campaign. The party nevertheless began to seek out a younger generation of leaders, who like Hart had been inspired by the pragmatic idealism of John F. Kennedy.<a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a> Arkansas governor <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> was one such figure, who was <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">elected</a> president in 1992 as the Democratic nominee. The <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Leadership_Council" title="Democratic Leadership Council">Democratic Leadership Council</a> was a campaign organization connected to Clinton that advocated a <a href="/wiki/Political_realignment" title="Political realignment">realignment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Triangulation_(politics)" title="Triangulation (politics)">triangulation</a> under the re-branded "<a href="/wiki/New_Democrats_(United_States)" title="New Democrats (United States)">New Democrat</a>" label.<a href="#cite_note-Geismer-2019-100">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hale-1995-31">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wills-1997-32">[28]</a> The party adopted a synthesis of <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberal</a> <a href="/wiki/Economic_policies" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic policies">economic policies</a> with <a href="/wiki/Cultural_liberalism" title="Cultural liberalism">cultural liberalism</a>, with the voter base after Reagan having shifted considerably to the <a href="/wiki/Right_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right (politics)">right</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Geismer-2019-100">[96]</a> In an effort to appeal both to liberals and to fiscal conservatives, Democrats began to advocate for a <a href="/wiki/Balanced_budget" title="Balanced budget">balanced budget</a> and <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market economy</a> tempered by <a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">government intervention</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">mixed economy</a>), along with a continued emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">affirmative action</a>. The economic policy adopted by the Democratic Party, including the former <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton administration</a>, has been referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a>". The Democrats lost control of Congress in the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Revolution" title="Republican Revolution">1994 elections</a> to the Republicans, however, in <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_Presidential_Election" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 United States Presidential Election">1996</a> Clinton was re-elected, becoming the first Democratic president since Franklin D. Roosevelt to win a second full term.<a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a> Clinton's vice president <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> ran to succeed him as president, and won the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_in_which_the_winner_lost_the_popular_vote" title="List of United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote">popular vote</a>, but after a controversial election dispute over a Florida recount settled by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> (which <a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore">ruled 5–4 in favor of Bush</a>), he lost the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Presidential_Election" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States Presidential Election">2000 election</a> to Republican opponent <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cornell-BushvGore-102">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2000s">2000s</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Barack_Obama_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Official_portrait_of_Barack_Obama_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Official_portrait_of_Barack_Obama_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Official_portrait_of_Barack_Obama_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Official_portrait_of_Barack_Obama_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Official_portrait_of_Barack_Obama_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Official_portrait_of_Barack_Obama_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1916" data-file-height="2467" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, the 44th president (2009–2017)</figcaption></figure> In the wake of the 2001 <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">terrorist attacks</a> on the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">the Pentagon</a> as well as the growing concern over <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a>, some of the party's key issues in the early 21st century have included combating <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a> while preserving human rights, expanding access to health care, <a href="/wiki/Labor_rights" title="Labor rights">labor rights</a>, and environmental protection. Democrats regained majority control of both the House and the Senate in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_general_elections,_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="United States general elections, 2006">2006 elections</a>. <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> won the Democratic Party's nomination and was elected as the first African American president in 2008. Under the Obama presidency, the party moved forward reforms including an <a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009">economic stimulus</a> package, the <a href="/wiki/Dodd-Frank_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Dodd-Frank Act">Dodd–Frank</a> financial reform act, and the <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2010s">2010s</h4></div> In the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_elections" title="2010 United States elections">2010 midterm elections</a>, the Democratic Party lost control of the House as well as its majorities in several state legislatures and governorships. In the <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012 elections</a>, President Obama was re-elected, but the party remained in the minority in the House of Representatives and lost control of the Senate in the <a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_elections" title="2014 United States elections">2014 midterm elections</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 election</a> of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, who lost the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_in_which_the_winner_lost_the_popular_vote" title="List of United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote">popular vote</a> to Democratic nominee <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>, the Democratic Party transitioned into the role of an opposition party and held neither the presidency nor Congress for two years.<a href="#cite_note-Revolt_of_the_Rust_Belt-104">[100]</a> However, the party won back the House in the <a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2018 United States House of Representatives elections">2018 midterm elections</a> under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a>. Democrats were extremely critical of President Trump, particularly his policies on immigration, healthcare, and abortion, as well as his response to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[103]</a> In December 2019, Democrats in the House of Representatives <a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment of Donald Trump">impeached Trump</a>, although he was acquitted in the Republican-controlled Senate.<a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2020s">2020s</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait.jpg/170px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait.jpg/255px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait.jpg/340px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, the 46th president (2021–present)</figcaption></figure> In November 2020, Democrat <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> defeated Trump to win the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a> He began his term with extremely narrow Democratic majorities in the U.S. House and Senate.<a href="#cite_note-110">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[107]</a> During the Biden presidency, the party has been characterized as adopting an increasingly <a href="/wiki/Economic_progressivism" title="Economic progressivism">progressive economic agenda</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hacker-2024-34">[30]</a> In 2022, Biden appointed <a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">Ketanji Brown Jackson</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Black_women" title="Black women">Black woman</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a>. However, she was replacing liberal justice <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Breyer" title="Stephen Breyer">Stephen Breyer</a>, so she did not alter the court's 6–3 split between conservatives (the majority) and liberals.<a href="#cite_note-112">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[111]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%27s_Health_Organization" title="Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization">Dobbs v. Jackson</a> (decided June 24, 2022), which led to <a href="/wiki/Abortion_law_in_the_United_States_by_state" title="Abortion law in the United States by state">abortion bans in much of the country</a>, the Democratic Party rallied behind <a href="/wiki/Abortion-rights_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion-rights movements">abortion rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Traister-2023-49">[45]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_elections" title="2022 United States elections">2022 midterm elections</a>, Democrats dramatically outperformed historical trends and a widely anticipated <a href="/wiki/Wave_elections_in_the_United_States" title="Wave elections in the United States">red wave</a> did not materialize.<a href="#cite_note-Tumulty_2022-116">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-Blake_20222-117">[113]</a> The party only narrowly lost its majority in the U.S. House and expanded its majority in the U.S. Senate,<a href="#cite_note-Kinery_2022-118">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-Enter_2022-119">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-Crampton_2022-120">[116]</a> along with several gains at the state level.<a href="#cite_note-composition_2023_05_23_ncsl_org-121">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-statehouse_2023_01_18_nytimes-122">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-trifectas_2022_11_11_ap_foxnews-123">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-states_2023_07_01_gazette-124">[120]</a> In July 2024, after a series of <a href="/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Joe_Biden" title="Age and health concerns about Joe Biden">age and health concerns</a>, Biden became the first incumbent president since <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson_from_the_1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Lyndon B. Johnson from the 1968 United States presidential election">Lyndon B. Johnson in 1968</a> to <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">withdraw</a> from running for reelection, the first since the 19th century to withdraw after serving only one term,<a href="#cite_note-127">[e]</a> and the only one to ever withdraw after already winning <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party presidential primaries">the primaries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Klassen-2024-125">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[123]</a> As of 2024, Democrats hold the presidency and a majority in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a>, as well as 23 <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_governors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States governors">state governorships</a>, 19 <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">state legislatures</a>, 17 state government <a href="/wiki/Government_trifecta" title="Government trifecta">trifectas</a>, and the mayorships in the majority of the country's major cities.<a href="#cite_note-129">[124]</a> Three of the nine current <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> justices were appointed by Democratic presidents. By registered members, the Democratic Party is the largest party in the U.S. and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_political_parties" title="List of largest political parties">fourth largest in the world</a>. Including the incumbent Biden, 16 Democrats have served as president of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-sarnold-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name_and_symbols">Name and symbols</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/50px-Split-arrows.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/75px-Split-arrows.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/100px-Split-arrows.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that mascots be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">split</a> out into another article. (<a href="/wiki/Talk:Political_parties_in_the_United_States#Article_on_party_mascots" title="Talk:Political parties in the United States">Discuss</a>) (August 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Democraticjackass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Democraticjackass.jpg/150px-Democraticjackass.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Democraticjackass.jpg/225px-Democraticjackass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Democraticjackass.jpg/300px-Democraticjackass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="1024" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">"A Live Jackass Kicking a Dead Lion" by Thomas Nast, <a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazine" title="Harper's Magazine">Harper's Weekly</a>, January 19, 1870</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:DemocraticLogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/DemocraticLogo.svg/150px-DemocraticLogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/DemocraticLogo.svg/225px-DemocraticLogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/DemocraticLogo.svg/300px-DemocraticLogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="312" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The donkey party logo remains a well-known symbol for the Democratic Party despite not being the official logo of the party.</div></div></div></div></div> The <a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican Party</a> splintered in 1824 into the short-lived <a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republican Party</a> and the Jacksonian movement which in 1828 became the Democratic Party. Under the Jacksonian era, the term "The Democracy" was in use by the party, but the name "Democratic Party" was eventually settled upon<a href="#cite_note-130">[125]</a> and became the official name in 1844.<a href="#cite_note-131">[126]</a> Members of the party are called "Democrats" or "Dems". The most common mascot symbol for the party has been the donkey, or jackass.<a href="#cite_note-132">[127]</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a>'s enemies twisted his name to "jackass" as a term of ridicule regarding a stupid and stubborn animal. However, the Democrats liked the common-man implications and picked it up too, therefore the image persisted and evolved.<a href="#cite_note-133">[128]</a> Its most lasting impression came from the cartoons of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nast" title="Thomas Nast">Thomas Nast</a> from 1870 in <a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazine" title="Harper's Magazine">Harper's Weekly</a>. Cartoonists followed Nast and used the donkey to represent the Democrats and the elephant to represent the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alabama_Democrats_logo_1904-1996.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Alabama_Democrats_logo_1904-1996.jpg/220px-Alabama_Democrats_logo_1904-1996.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Alabama_Democrats_logo_1904-1996.jpg/330px-Alabama_Democrats_logo_1904-1996.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Alabama_Democrats_logo_1904-1996.jpg/440px-Alabama_Democrats_logo_1904-1996.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption>In many states, the logo of the Democratic Party was a rooster, for instance, in Alabama: Logo of the <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Democratic_Party" title="Alabama Democratic Party">Alabama Democratic Party</a>, 1904–1966 (left) and 1966–1996 (right)<a href="#cite_note-Ingram-134">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bad_symbol_removed-135">[130]</a></figcaption></figure> In the early 20th century, the traditional symbol of the Democratic Party in Indiana, Kentucky, Oklahoma and Ohio was the rooster, as opposed to the Republican eagle.<a href="#cite_note-Barbour_County-2008-136">[131]</a> The rooster was also adopted as an official symbol of the national Democratic Party.<a href="#cite_note-137">[132]</a> In 1904, the Alabama Democratic Party chose, as the logo to put on its ballots, a rooster with the motto "White supremacy – For the right."<a href="#cite_note-138">[133]</a> The words "White supremacy" were replaced with "Democrats" in 1966.<a href="#cite_note-139">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ingram-134">[129]</a> In 1996, the Alabama Democratic Party dropped the rooster, citing racist and white supremacist connotations linked with the symbol.<a href="#cite_note-Bad_symbol_removed-135">[130]</a> The rooster symbol still appears on Oklahoma, Kentucky, Indiana, and West Virginia <a href="/wiki/Ballot" title="Ballot">ballots</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Barbour_County-2008-136">[131]</a> In New York, the Democratic ballot symbol is a five-pointed star.<a href="#cite_note-140">[135]</a> Although both major political parties (and many minor ones) use the traditional American colors of red, white, and blue in their marketing and representations, since <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">election night 2000</a> blue has become the identifying color for the Democratic Party while red has become the identifying color for the Republican Party. That night, for the first time all major broadcast television networks used the same color scheme for the electoral map: <a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">blue states</a> for <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> (Democratic nominee) and red states for <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (Republican nominee). Since then, the color blue has been widely used by the media to represent the party. This is contrary to common practice outside of the United States where blue is the traditional color of the right and red the color of the left.<a href="#cite_note-WP_Nov_2004-141">[136]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jefferson-Jackson_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Jefferson-Jackson Day">Jefferson-Jackson Day</a> is the annual fundraising event (dinner) held by Democratic Party organizations across the United States.<a href="#cite_note-142">[137]</a> It is named after Presidents <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a>, whom the party regards as its distinguished early leaders. The song "<a href="/wiki/Happy_Days_Are_Here_Again" title="Happy Days Are Here Again">Happy Days Are Here Again</a>" is the unofficial song of the Democratic Party. It was used prominently when <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> was nominated for president at the <a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1932 Democratic National Convention">1932 Democratic National Convention</a> and remains a sentimental favorite for Democrats. For example, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Shaffer" title="Paul Shaffer">Paul Shaffer</a> played the theme on the <a href="/wiki/Late_Show_with_David_Letterman" title="Late Show with David Letterman">Late Show with David Letterman</a> after the Democrats won Congress in 2006. "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Stop_(Fleetwood_Mac_song)" title="Don't Stop (Fleetwood Mac song)">Don't Stop</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Fleetwood_Mac" title="Fleetwood Mac">Fleetwood Mac</a> was adopted by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>'s presidential campaign in 1992 and has endured as a popular Democratic song. The emotionally similar song "<a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Day" title="Beautiful Day">Beautiful Day</a>" by the band <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> has also become a favorite theme song for Democratic candidates. <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> used the song during his 2004 presidential campaign and several Democratic congressional candidates used it as a celebratory tune in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-143">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[139]</a> As a traditional anthem for its presidential nominating convention, <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Aaron Copland</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Fanfare_for_the_Common_Man" title="Fanfare for the Common Man">Fanfare for the Common Man</a>" is traditionally performed at the beginning of the Democratic National Convention. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Democratic_National_Headquarters_(53832041544).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Democratic_National_Headquarters_%2853832041544%29.jpg/220px-Democratic_National_Headquarters_%2853832041544%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Democratic_National_Headquarters_%2853832041544%29.jpg/330px-Democratic_National_Headquarters_%2853832041544%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Democratic_National_Headquarters_%2853832041544%29.jpg/440px-Democratic_National_Headquarters_%2853832041544%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4989" data-file-height="2806" /></a><figcaption>Democratic National Headquarters (2024)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_committee">National committee</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a> (DNC) is responsible for promoting Democratic campaign activities. While the DNC is responsible for overseeing the process of writing the Democratic Platform, the DNC is more focused on campaign and organizational strategy than <a href="/wiki/Public_policy" title="Public policy">public policy</a>. In presidential elections, it supervises the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention</a>. The national convention is subject to the charter of the party and the ultimate authority within the Democratic Party when it is in session, with the DNC running the party's organization at other times. Since 2021, the DNC has been chaired by <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Harrison" title="Jaime Harrison">Jaime Harrison</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_parties">State parties</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_parties_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="List of state parties of the Democratic Party (United States)">List of state parties of the Democratic Party (United States)</a></div> Each state also has a state committee, made up of elected committee members as well as ex officio committee members (usually elected officials and representatives of major constituencies), which in turn elects a chair. County, town, city, and ward committees generally are composed of individuals elected at the local level. State and local committees often coordinate campaign activities within their jurisdiction, oversee local conventions, and in some cases primaries or caucuses, and may have a role in nominating candidates for elected office under state law. Rarely do they have much direct funding, but in 2005 DNC Chairman Dean began a program (called the "50 State Strategy") of using DNC national funds to assist all state parties and pay for full-time professional staffers.<a href="#cite_note-146">[141]</a> In addition, state-level party committees operate in the territories of <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Democratic_Party" title="American Samoa Democratic Party">American Samoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Guam" title="Democratic Party of Guam">Guam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Democratic Party of the Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a>, the commonwealths of <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Northern_Mariana_Islands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (Northern Mariana Islands)">Northern Mariana Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)">Puerto Rico</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Democratic_State_Committee" title="District of Columbia Democratic State Committee">District of Columbia</a>, with all but Puerto Rico being active in nominating candidates for both presidential and territorial contests, while Puerto Rico's Democratic Party is organized only to nominate presidential candidates. The <a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a> committee is organized by American voters who reside outside of U.S. territory to nominate presidential candidates. All such party committees are accorded recognition as state parties and are allowed to elect both members to the National Committee as well as delegates to the National Convention. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_party_committees_and_groups">Major party committees and groups</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barack_Obama_Speaks_to_College_Democrats.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Barack_Obama_Speaks_to_College_Democrats.jpg/220px-Barack_Obama_Speaks_to_College_Democrats.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Barack_Obama_Speaks_to_College_Democrats.jpg/330px-Barack_Obama_Speaks_to_College_Democrats.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Barack_Obama_Speaks_to_College_Democrats.jpg/440px-Barack_Obama_Speaks_to_College_Democrats.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Then-Senator Obama speaking to College Democrats of America in 2007</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Congressional_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee">Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee</a> (DCCC) assists party candidates in House races and is chaired by Representative <a href="/wiki/Suzan_DelBene" title="Suzan DelBene">Suzan DelBene</a> of <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>. Similarly, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Senatorial_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee">Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee</a> (DSCC), chaired by Senator <a href="/wiki/Gary_Peters" title="Gary Peters">Gary Peters</a> of Michigan, raises funds for Senate races. The <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Legislative_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee">Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee</a> (DLCC), chaired by <a href="/wiki/Majority_Leader_of_the_New_York_State_Senate" title="Majority Leader of the New York State Senate">Majority Leader of the New York State Senate</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Stewart-Cousins" title="Andrea Stewart-Cousins">Andrea Stewart-Cousins</a>, is a smaller organization that focuses on state legislative races. The <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Governors_Association" title="Democratic Governors Association">Democratic Governors Association</a> (DGA) is an organization supporting the candidacies of Democratic gubernatorial nominees and incumbents. Likewise, the mayors of the largest cities and urban centers convene as the <a href="/wiki/National_Conference_of_Democratic_Mayors" title="National Conference of Democratic Mayors">National Conference of Democratic Mayors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[142]</a> The DNC sponsors the <a href="/wiki/College_Democrats_of_America" title="College Democrats of America">College Democrats of America</a> (CDA), a student-outreach organization with the goal of training and engaging a new generation of Democratic activists. <a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a> is the organization for Americans living outside the United States. They work to advance the party's goals and encourage Americans living abroad to support the Democrats. The <a href="/wiki/Young_Democrats_of_America" title="Young Democrats of America">Young Democrats of America</a> (YDA) and the <a href="/wiki/High_School_Democrats_of_America" title="High School Democrats of America">High School Democrats of America</a> (HSDA) are young adult and youth-led organizations respectively that attempt to draw in and mobilize young people for Democratic candidates but operates outside of the DNC. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Political positions of the Democratic Party (United States)">Political positions of the Democratic Party (United States)</a></div> The party's platform blends <a href="/wiki/Civil_liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil liberty">civil liberty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_equality" title="Social equality">social equality</a> with support for a <a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">mixed capitalist economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Larry_E._Sullivan_2009_p_291-148">[143]</a> On social issues, it advocates for <a href="/wiki/Abortion-rights_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion-rights movements">the continued legality of abortion</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Traister-2023-49">[45]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis_by_U.S._jurisdiction" title="Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction">legalization of marijuana</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Gurley-2020-53">[49]</a> and <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NPR-2012a-51">[47]</a> On economic issues, it favors <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare reform in the United States">universal healthcare coverage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_child_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal child care">universal child care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paid_sick_leave" class="mw-redirect" title="Paid sick leave">paid sick leave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corporate_governance" title="Corporate governance">corporate governance reform</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Unionization" title="Unionization">supporting unions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Miranda_Ollstein-2022-54">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Goodnough-2019-55">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-jlevy-56">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_State-57">[53]</a> <dl><dt>Economic policy</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>Expand <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_(United_States)" title="Social Security (United States)">Social Security</a> and safety-net programs.<a href="#cite_note-149">[144]</a></li> <li>Increase the <a href="/wiki/Capital_gains_tax_in_the_United_States" title="Capital gains tax in the United States">capital gains tax</a> rate to 39.6% for taxpayers with annual income above $1 million.<a href="#cite_note-150">[145]</a></li> <li>Cut taxes for the working and middle classes as well as small businesses.<a href="#cite_note-Ontheissues.org-151">[146]</a></li> <li>Change tax rules to discourage shipping jobs overseas.<a href="#cite_note-Ontheissues.org-151">[146]</a></li> <li>Increase federal and state <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage_in_the_United_States" title="Minimum wage in the United States">minimum wages</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bacon-2019-152">[147]</a></li> <li>Modernize and expand access to <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">public education</a> and provide <a href="/wiki/Universal_preschool" title="Universal preschool">universal preschool</a> education.<a href="#cite_note-153">[148]</a></li> <li>Support the goal of <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a> through a <a href="/wiki/Public_health_insurance_option" title="Public health insurance option">public health insurance option</a> or expanding <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a>/<a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[149]</a></li> <li>Increase investments in infrastructure development<a href="#cite_note-2016platform-155">[150]</a> as well as scientific and technological research.<a href="#cite_note-156">[151]</a></li> <li>Offer tax credits to make clean energy more accessible for consumers and increase domestic production of clean energy.<a href="#cite_note-157">[152]</a></li> <li>Uphold labor protections and the right to <a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">unionize</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[154]</a></li> <li>Reform the <a href="/wiki/Student_loans_in_the_United_States" title="Student loans in the United States">student loan</a> system and allow for refinancing student loans.<a href="#cite_note-160">[155]</a></li> <li>Make college more affordable.<a href="#cite_note-Bacon-2019-152">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[156]</a></li> <li>Mandate <a href="/wiki/Equal_pay_for_equal_work" title="Equal pay for equal work">equal pay for equal work</a> regardless of gender, race, or ethnicity.<a href="#cite_note-162">[157]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Social policy</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>Decriminalize or legalize marijuana.<a href="#cite_note-Bacon-2019-152">[147]</a></li> <li>Uphold <a href="/wiki/Network_neutrality_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Network neutrality in the United States">network neutrality</a>.<a href="#cite_note-163">[158]</a></li> <li>Implement <a href="/wiki/Campaign_finance_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Campaign finance reform in the United States">campaign finance reform</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ontheissues.org-164">[159]</a></li> <li>Uphold <a href="/wiki/Voting_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting rights">voting rights</a> and easy access to voting.<a href="#cite_note-165">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[161]</a></li> <li>Support <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> and ban <a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">conversion therapy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bacon-2019-152">[147]</a></li> <li>Allow legal access to <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">abortions</a> and women's reproductive health care.<a href="#cite_note-2016platform-155">[150]</a></li> <li>Reform the immigration system and allow for a <a href="/wiki/Immigration_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration reform in the United States">pathway to citizenship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2016platform-155">[150]</a></li> <li>Expand background checks and reduce access to assault weapons to address gun violence.<a href="#cite_note-2016platform-155">[150]</a></li> <li>Improve privacy laws and curtail government surveillance.<a href="#cite_note-2016platform-155">[150]</a></li> <li>Oppose <a href="/wiki/Torture_in_the_United_States" title="Torture in the United States">torture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[163]</a></li> <li>Abolish capital punishment.<a href="#cite_note-Protecting_Communities_and_Building-169">[164]</a></li> <li>Recognize and defend <a href="/wiki/Internet_freedom" title="Internet freedom">Internet freedom</a> worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-Ontheissues.org-151">[146]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_issues">Economic issues</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Social_safety_net" title="Social safety net">social safety net</a> and strong <a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">labor unions</a> have been at the heart of Democratic economic policy since the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> in the 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-Larry_E._Sullivan_2009_p_291-148">[143]</a> The Democratic Party's economic policy positions, as measured by votes in Congress, tend to align with those of the middle class.<a href="#cite_note-Grossmann-2021-48">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[168]</a> Democrats support a <a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">progressive tax</a> system, higher <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage_in_the_United_States" title="Minimum wage in the United States">minimum wages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity_employment" class="mw-redirect" title="Equal opportunity employment">equal opportunity employment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_(United_States)" title="Social Security (United States)">Social Security</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">public education</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Subsidized_housing_in_the_United_States" title="Subsidized housing in the United States">subsidized housing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Larry_E._Sullivan_2009_p_291-148">[143]</a> They also support <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act">infrastructure development</a> and clean energy investments to achieve economic development and job creation.<a href="#cite_note-174">[169]</a> Since the 1990s, the party has at times supported <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centrist</a> economic reforms that cut the size of government and reduced market regulations.<a href="#cite_note-175">[170]</a> The party has generally rejected both <a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">laissez-faire economics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">market socialism</a>, instead favoring <a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesian economics</a> within a capitalist market-based system.<a href="#cite_note-176">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fiscal_policy">Fiscal policy</h4></div> Democrats support a more <a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">progressive tax</a> structure to provide more services and reduce <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic inequality</a> by making sure that the wealthiest Americans pay more in taxes.<a href="#cite_note-how-high-177">[172]</a> Democrats and Republicans traditionally take differing stances on eradicating poverty. Brady said "Our poverty level is the direct consequence of our weak social policies, which are a direct consequence of weak political actors".<a href="#cite_note-178">[173]</a> They oppose the cutting of social services, such as <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_(United_States)" title="Social Security (United States)">Social Security</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a>,<a href="#cite_note-179">[174]</a> believing it to be harmful to efficiency and <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a>. Democrats believe the benefits of social services in monetary and non-monetary terms are a more <a href="/wiki/Productive_and_unproductive_labour" title="Productive and unproductive labour">productive labor</a> force and cultured population and believe that the benefits of this are greater than any benefits that could be derived from lower taxes, especially on top earners, or cuts to social services. Furthermore, Democrats see social services as essential toward providing <a href="/wiki/Positive_liberty" title="Positive liberty">positive freedom</a>, freedom derived from economic opportunity. The Democratic-led House of Representatives reinstated the <a href="/wiki/PAYGO" title="PAYGO">PAYGO</a> (pay-as-you-go) budget rule at the start of the <a href="/wiki/110th_United_States_Congress" title="110th United States Congress">110th Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Minimum_wage">Minimum wage</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage_in_the_United_States" title="Minimum wage in the United States">Minimum wage in the United States</a></div> The Democratic Party favors raising the <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage" title="Minimum wage">minimum wage</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Fair_Minimum_Wage_Act_of_2007" title="Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007">Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007</a> was an early component of the Democrats' agenda during the <a href="/wiki/110th_United_States_Congress" title="110th United States Congress">110th Congress</a>. In 2006, the Democrats supported six state-ballot initiatives to increase the minimum wage and all six initiatives passed.<a href="#cite_note-democrats.org-181">[176]</a> In 2017, Senate Democrats introduced the Raise the Wage Act which would raise the minimum wage to $15 an hour by 2024.<a href="#cite_note-182">[177]</a> In 2021, Democratic president <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> proposed increasing the minimum wage to $15 by 2025.<a href="#cite_note-183">[178]</a> In many states controlled by Democrats, the state minimum wage has been increased to a rate above the federal minimum wage.<a href="#cite_note-184">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Health_care">Health care</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obama_signing_health_care-20100323.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Obama_signing_health_care-20100323.jpg/220px-Obama_signing_health_care-20100323.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Obama_signing_health_care-20100323.jpg/330px-Obama_signing_health_care-20100323.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Obama_signing_health_care-20100323.jpg/440px-Obama_signing_health_care-20100323.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>President Obama signing the <a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a> into law in 2010</figcaption></figure> Democrats call for "affordable and quality health care" and favor moving toward <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a> in a variety of forms to address rising healthcare costs. Progressive Democrats politicians favor a <a href="/wiki/Single-payer_health_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-payer health care">single-payer program</a> or <a href="/wiki/Medicare_for_All" class="mw-redirect" title="Medicare for All">Medicare for All</a>, while liberals prefer creating a <a href="/wiki/Public_health_insurance_option" title="Public health insurance option">public health insurance option</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Goodnough-2019-55">[51]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a>, signed into law by President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> on March 23, 2010, has been one of the most significant pushes for universal health care. As of December 2019, more than 20 million Americans have gained health insurance under the Affordable Care Act.<a href="#cite_note-185">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Education">Education</h4></div> Democrats favor improving <a href="/wiki/Public_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Public education">public education</a> by raising school standards and reforming the <a href="/wiki/Head_Start_(program)" title="Head Start (program)">Head Start program</a>. They also support <a href="/wiki/Universal_preschool" title="Universal preschool">universal preschool</a>, expanding access to primary education, including through <a href="/wiki/Charter_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter schools">charter schools</a>, and are generally opposed to <a href="/wiki/School_voucher" title="School voucher">school voucher</a> programs. They call for addressing <a href="/wiki/Student_loan" title="Student loan">student loan</a> debt and reforms to reduce college tuition.<a href="#cite_note-186">[181]</a> Other proposals have included tuition-free public universities and reform of <a href="/wiki/Standardized_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="Standardized testing">standardized testing</a>. Democrats have the long-term aim of having publicly funded college education with low tuition fees (like in much of Europe and Canada), which would be available to every eligible American student. Alternatively, they encourage expanding access to post-secondary education by increasing state funding for student financial aid such as <a href="/wiki/Pell_Grants" class="mw-redirect" title="Pell Grants">Pell Grants</a> and <a href="/wiki/College_tuition" class="mw-redirect" title="College tuition">college tuition</a> <a href="/wiki/Tax_deductions" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax deductions">tax deductions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-187">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Environment">Environment</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Environmental policy of the United States">Environmental policy of the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:442px;max-width:442px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:201px;max-width:201px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:132px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:2009-_Pew_survey_-_is_climate_change_a_major_threat,_by_political_party.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/2009-_Pew_survey_-_is_climate_change_a_major_threat%2C_by_political_party.svg/199px-2009-_Pew_survey_-_is_climate_change_a_major_threat%2C_by_political_party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="199" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/2009-_Pew_survey_-_is_climate_change_a_major_threat%2C_by_political_party.svg/299px-2009-_Pew_survey_-_is_climate_change_a_major_threat%2C_by_political_party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/2009-_Pew_survey_-_is_climate_change_a_major_threat%2C_by_political_party.svg/398px-2009-_Pew_survey_-_is_climate_change_a_major_threat%2C_by_political_party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Democrats and Republicans have diverged on the seriousness of the threat posed by climate change, with Democrats' assessment rising significantly in the mid-2010s.<a href="#cite_note-PewClimateChange_20230418-188">[183]</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:237px;max-width:237px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:132px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:2021_Survey_on_existence_of_global_warming_and_responsibility_for_climate_change_-_bar_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/2021_Survey_on_existence_of_global_warming_and_responsibility_for_climate_change_-_bar_chart.svg/235px-2021_Survey_on_existence_of_global_warming_and_responsibility_for_climate_change_-_bar_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="235" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/2021_Survey_on_existence_of_global_warming_and_responsibility_for_climate_change_-_bar_chart.svg/353px-2021_Survey_on_existence_of_global_warming_and_responsibility_for_climate_change_-_bar_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/2021_Survey_on_existence_of_global_warming_and_responsibility_for_climate_change_-_bar_chart.svg/470px-2021_Survey_on_existence_of_global_warming_and_responsibility_for_climate_change_-_bar_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The sharp divide over the existence of and responsibility for global warming and climate change falls largely along political lines. Overall, 60% of those surveyed said oil and gas companies were "completely or mostly responsible" for climate change.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_20211026-189">[184]</a></div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:442px;max-width:442px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:209px;max-width:209px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:129px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:20220301_Opinions_by_political_party_-_Climate_change_causation_-_Action_for_carbon_neutral_2050_-_Pew_Research.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/20220301_Opinions_by_political_party_-_Climate_change_causation_-_Action_for_carbon_neutral_2050_-_Pew_Research.svg/207px-20220301_Opinions_by_political_party_-_Climate_change_causation_-_Action_for_carbon_neutral_2050_-_Pew_Research.svg.png" decoding="async" width="207" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/20220301_Opinions_by_political_party_-_Climate_change_causation_-_Action_for_carbon_neutral_2050_-_Pew_Research.svg/311px-20220301_Opinions_by_political_party_-_Climate_change_causation_-_Action_for_carbon_neutral_2050_-_Pew_Research.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/20220301_Opinions_by_political_party_-_Climate_change_causation_-_Action_for_carbon_neutral_2050_-_Pew_Research.svg/414px-20220301_Opinions_by_political_party_-_Climate_change_causation_-_Action_for_carbon_neutral_2050_-_Pew_Research.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="750" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Opinion about human causation of climate change increased substantially with education among Democrats, but not among Republicans.<a href="#cite_note-Pew_20220301-190">[185]</a> Conversely, opinions favoring becoming carbon neutral declined substantially with age among Republicans, but not among Democrats.<a href="#cite_note-Pew_20220301-190">[185]</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:229px;max-width:229px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:129px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:20220411_Support_for_policies_to_combat_climate_change,_by_political_party_-_Gallup_poll.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/20220411_Support_for_policies_to_combat_climate_change%2C_by_political_party_-_Gallup_poll.svg/227px-20220411_Support_for_policies_to_combat_climate_change%2C_by_political_party_-_Gallup_poll.svg.png" decoding="async" width="227" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/20220411_Support_for_policies_to_combat_climate_change%2C_by_political_party_-_Gallup_poll.svg/341px-20220411_Support_for_policies_to_combat_climate_change%2C_by_political_party_-_Gallup_poll.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/20220411_Support_for_policies_to_combat_climate_change%2C_by_political_party_-_Gallup_poll.svg/454px-20220411_Support_for_policies_to_combat_climate_change%2C_by_political_party_-_Gallup_poll.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="800" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">A broad range of policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has been proposed. Democrats' support for such policies consistently exceeds that of Republicans.<a href="#cite_note-Gallup_20220411-191">[186]</a></div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:202307_Survey_-_comfortable_with_solar_wind_nuclear_in_my_community.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/202307_Survey_-_comfortable_with_solar_wind_nuclear_in_my_community.svg/220px-202307_Survey_-_comfortable_with_solar_wind_nuclear_in_my_community.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/202307_Survey_-_comfortable_with_solar_wind_nuclear_in_my_community.svg/330px-202307_Survey_-_comfortable_with_solar_wind_nuclear_in_my_community.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/202307_Survey_-_comfortable_with_solar_wind_nuclear_in_my_community.svg/440px-202307_Survey_-_comfortable_with_solar_wind_nuclear_in_my_community.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>Acceptance of wind and solar facilities in one's community is stronger among Democrats (blue), while acceptance of nuclear power plants is stronger among Republicans (red).<a href="#cite_note-WashPost_20231003-192">[187]</a></figcaption></figure> Democrats believe that the government should protect the environment and have a history of environmentalism. In more recent years, this stance has emphasized <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> generation as the basis for an improved economy, greater <a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">national security</a>, and general environmental benefits.<a href="#cite_note-193">[188]</a> The Democratic Party is substantially more likely than the Republican Party to support environmental regulation and policies that are supportive of renewable energy.<a href="#cite_note-194">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[190]</a> The Democratic Party also favors expansion of conservation lands and encourages open space and rail travel to relieve highway and airport congestion and improve air quality and the economy as it "believe[s] that communities, environmental interests, and the government should work together to protect resources while ensuring the vitality of local economies. Once Americans were led to believe they had to make a choice between the economy and the environment. They now know this is a false choice".<a href="#cite_note-196">[191]</a> The foremost environmental concern of the Democratic Party is <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>. Democrats, most notably former Vice President <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>, have pressed for stern regulation of <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">greenhouse gases</a>. On October 15, 2007, Gore won the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> for his efforts to build greater knowledge about man-made climate change and laying the foundations for the measures needed to counteract it.<a href="#cite_note-197">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Renewable_energy_and_fossil_fuels">Renewable energy and fossil fuels</h4></div> Democrats have supported increased domestic <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> development, including wind and solar power farms, in an effort to reduce carbon pollution. The party's platform calls for an "all of the above" energy policy including clean energy, natural gas and domestic oil, with the desire of becoming energy independent.<a href="#cite_note-democrats.org-181">[176]</a> The party has supported higher taxes on <a href="/wiki/Oil_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil companies">oil companies</a> and increased regulations on <a href="/wiki/Coal_power_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal power plant">coal power plants</a>, favoring a policy of reducing long-term reliance on <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuels" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil fuels">fossil fuels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-198">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[194]</a> Additionally, the party supports stricter <a href="/wiki/Fuel_emissions_standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuel emissions standard">fuel emissions standards</a> to prevent air pollution. During his presidency, Joe Biden enacted the <a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act_of_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflation Reduction Act of 2022">Inflation Reduction Act of 2022</a>, which is the largest allocation of funds for <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">addressing climate change</a> in the history of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-200">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Trade">Trade</h4></div> Like the Republican Party, the Democratic Party has taken widely varying views on <a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">international trade</a> throughout its history. The Democratic Party has usually been more supportive of <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a> than the Republican Party. The Democrats dominated the <a href="/wiki/Second_Party_System" title="Second Party System">Second Party System</a> and set low tariffs designed to pay for the government but not protect industry. Their opponents the Whigs wanted high protective tariffs but usually were outvoted in Congress. Tariffs soon became a major political issue as the <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whigs</a> (1832–1852) and (after 1854) the Republicans wanted to protect their mostly northern industries and constituents by voting for higher tariffs and the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrats" title="Southern Democrats">Southern Democrats</a>, which had very little industry but imported many goods voted for lower tariffs. After the Second Party System ended in 1854 the Democrats lost control and the new Republican Party had its opportunity to raise rates.<a href="#cite_note-203">[198]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Third_Party_System" title="Third Party System">Third Party System</a>, Democratic president <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> made low tariffs the centerpiece of Democratic Party policies, arguing that high tariffs were an unnecessary and unfair tax on consumers. The South and <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a> generally supported low tariffs, while the industrial <a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">North</a> high tariffs.<a href="#cite_note-204">[199]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Party_System" title="Fourth Party System">Fourth Party System</a>, Democratic president <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> made a drastic lowering of tariff rates a major priority for his presidency. The 1913 <a href="/wiki/Underwood_Tariff" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwood Tariff">Underwood Tariff</a> cut rates, and the new revenues generated by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_income_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal income tax">federal income tax</a> made tariffs much less important in terms of economic impact and political rhetoric.<a href="#cite_note-205">[200]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Party_System" title="Fifth Party System">Fifth Party System</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Reciprocal_Tariff_Act" title="Reciprocal Tariff Act">Reciprocal Tariff Act</a> of 1934 was enacted during <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">FDR's</a> administration, marking a sharp departure from the era of <a href="/wiki/Protectionism_in_the_United_States" title="Protectionism in the United States">protectionism in the United States</a>. American duties on foreign products declined from an average of 46% in 1934 to 12% by 1962.<a href="#cite_note-Bailey-206">[201]</a> After World War II, the U.S. promoted the <a href="/wiki/General_Agreement_on_Tariffs_and_Trade" title="General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade">General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade</a> (GATT) established in 1947 during the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Presidency of Harry S. Truman">Truman administration</a>, to minimize tariffs liberalize trade among all capitalist countries.<a href="#cite_note-barton-207">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[203]</a> In the 1990s, the Clinton administration and a number of prominent Democrats pushed through a number of agreements such as the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> (NAFTA). Since then, the party's shift away from free trade became evident in the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_%E2%80%93_Central_America_Free_Trade_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican Republic – Central America Free Trade Agreement">Central American Free Trade Agreement</a> (CAFTA) vote, with 15 House Democrats voting for the agreement and 187 voting against.<a href="#cite_note-209">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_issues">Social issues</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shirley_Chisholm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Shirley_Chisholm.jpg/220px-Shirley_Chisholm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Shirley_Chisholm.jpg/330px-Shirley_Chisholm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Shirley_Chisholm.jpg/440px-Shirley_Chisholm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3014" data-file-height="4492" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a> was the first major-party African American candidate to run nationwide primary campaigns.</figcaption></figure> The modern Democratic Party emphasizes <a href="/wiki/Social_equality" title="Social equality">social equality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">equal opportunity</a>. Democrats support <a href="/wiki/Voting_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Voting rights in the United States">voting rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minority_rights" title="Minority rights">minority rights</a>, including <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">LGBT rights</a>. Democratic president <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a>, which outlawed racial segregation. Carmines and Stimson wrote "the Democratic Party appropriated racial liberalism and assumed federal responsibility for ending racial discrimination."<a href="#cite_note-213">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[210]</a> Ideological social elements in the party include <a href="/wiki/Cultural_liberalism" title="Cultural liberalism">cultural liberalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_libertarianism" title="Civil libertarianism">civil libertarianism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminism</a>. Some Democratic social policies are immigration reform, <a href="/wiki/Electoral_reform" title="Electoral reform">electoral reform</a>, and women's <a href="/wiki/Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">reproductive rights</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Equal_opportunity">Equal opportunity</h4></div> The Democratic Party supports <a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">equal opportunity</a> for all Americans regardless of sex, age, race, ethnicity, <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">gender identity</a>, religion, creed, or national origin. The Democratic Party has broad appeal across most socioeconomic and ethnic demographics, as seen in recent exit polls.<a href="#cite_note-216">[211]</a> Democrats also strongly support the <a href="/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of_1990" title="Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990">Americans with Disabilities Act</a> to prohibit discrimination against people based on physical or mental disability. As such, the Democrats pushed as well the <a href="/wiki/ADA_Amendments_Act_of_2008" title="ADA Amendments Act of 2008">ADA Amendments Act of 2008</a>, a disability rights expansion that became law.<a href="#cite_note-217">[212]</a> Most Democrats support <a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">affirmative action</a> to further equal opportunity. However, in 2020 <a href="/wiki/2020_California_Proposition_16" title="2020 California Proposition 16">57% voters in California</a> voted to keep their state constitution's ban on affirmative action, despite Biden <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_California" title="2020 United States presidential election in California">winning 63% of the vote in California</a> in the same election.<a href="#cite_note-218">[213]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Voting_rights">Voting rights</h4></div> The party is very supportive of improving voting rights as well as election accuracy and accessibility.<a href="#cite_note-219">[214]</a> They support extensions of voting time, including making election day a holiday. They support reforming the electoral system to eliminate <a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">gerrymandering</a>, abolishing the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">electoral college</a>, as well as passing comprehensive <a href="/wiki/Campaign_finance_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Campaign finance reform in the United States">campaign finance reform</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ontheissues.org-164">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Abortion_and_reproductive_rights">Abortion and reproductive rights</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion in the United States</a></div> The Democratic position on abortion has changed significantly over time.<a href="#cite_note-Williams-2015-220">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-Williams-2022b-221">[216]</a> During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Republicans generally favored legalized abortion more than Democrats,<a href="#cite_note-Halpern-2018-222">[217]</a> although significant heterogeneity could be found within both parties.<a href="#cite_note-Taylor-2018-223">[218]</a> During this time, opposition to abortion tended to be concentrated within the political left in the United States. Liberal Protestants and Catholics (many of whom were Democratic voters) opposed abortion, while most conservative Protestants supported legal access to abortion services.<a href="#cite_note-Williams-2015-220">[215]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] In its national platforms from 1992 to 2004, the Democratic Party has called for abortion to be "safe, legal and rare"—namely, keeping it legal by rejecting laws that allow governmental interference in abortion decisions and reducing the number of abortions by promoting both knowledge of reproduction and contraception and incentives for adoption. When Congress voted on the <a href="/wiki/Partial-Birth_Abortion_Ban_Act" title="Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act">Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act</a> in 2003, congressional Democrats were split, with a minority (including former <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Senate Majority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Harry Reid</a>) supporting the ban and the majority of Democrats opposing the legislation.<a href="#cite_note-224">[219]</a> According to the 2020 Democratic Party platform, "Democrats believe every woman should be able to access high-quality reproductive health care services, including safe and legal abortion."<a href="#cite_note-225">[220]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Immigration">Immigration</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration to the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">Illegal immigration to the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg/250px-2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg/375px-2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg/500px-2000-_Border_apprehensions_at_southwest_border.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Histogram of border apprehensions since 2000.</figcaption></figure> Like the Republican Party, the Democratic Party has taken widely varying views on immigration throughout its history. Since the 1990s, the Democratic Party has been more supportive overall of immigration than the Republican Party.<a href="#cite_note-226">[221]</a> Many Democratic politicians have called for systematic reform of the immigration system such that residents that have <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">come into the United States illegally</a> have a pathway to legal citizenship. President Obama remarked in November 2013 that he felt it was "long past time to fix our broken immigration system," particularly to allow "incredibly bright young people" that came over as students to become full citizens.<a href="#cite_note-long-past-227">[222]</a> In 2013, Democrats in the Senate passed <a href="/wiki/Border_Security,_Economic_Opportunity,_and_Immigration_Modernization_Act_of_2013" title="Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013">S. 744</a>, which would reform immigration policy to allow citizenship for illegal immigrants in the United States. The law failed to pass in the House and was never re-introduced after the <a href="/wiki/113th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="113th Congress">113th Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-228">[223]</a> As of 2024, no major <a href="/wiki/Immigration_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration reform in the United States">immigration reform</a> legislation has been enacted into law in the 21st century, mainly due to opposition by the Republican Party.<a href="#cite_note-229">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[225]</a> Opposition to immigration has increased in the 2020s, with a majority of Democrats supporting increasing border security.<a href="#cite_note-231">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[227]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="LGBT_rights">LGBT rights</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">LGBT rights in the United States</a></div> The Democratic position on <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">LGBT rights</a> has changed significantly over time.<a href="#cite_note-Igielnik-2022-233">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lindberg-2022-234">[229]</a> Before the 2000s, like the Republicans, the Democratic Party often took positions hostile to LGBT rights. As of the 2020s, both voters and elected representatives within the Democratic Party are overwhelmingly supportive of <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> rights.<a href="#cite_note-Igielnik-2022-233">[228]</a> Support for same-sex marriage has steadily increased among the general public, including voters in both major parties, since the start of the 21st century. An April 2009 ABC News/Washington Post public opinion poll put support among Democrats at 62%.<a href="#cite_note-235">[230]</a> A 2006 <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> poll of Democrats found that 55% supported gays adopting children with 40% opposed while 70% support <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_military_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual orientation and military service">gays in the military</a>, with only 23% opposed.<a href="#cite_note-236">[231]</a> Gallup polling from May 2009 stated that 82% of Democrats support open enlistment.<a href="#cite_note-237">[232]</a> A 2023 Gallup public opinion poll found 84% of Democrats support same-sex marriage, compared to 71% support by the general public and 49% support by Republicans.<a href="#cite_note-238">[233]</a> The 2004 Democratic National Platform stated that marriage should be defined at the state level and it repudiated the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Marriage_Amendment" title="Federal Marriage Amendment">Federal Marriage Amendment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-platform-239">[234]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>, the Democratic presidential nominee in 2004, did not support same-sex marriage in <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry_2004_presidential_campaign" title="John Kerry 2004 presidential campaign">his campaign.</a> While not stating support of same-sex marriage, the 2008 platform called for repeal of the <a href="/wiki/Defense_of_Marriage_Act" title="Defense of Marriage Act">Defense of Marriage Act</a>, which banned federal recognition of same-sex marriage and removed the need for interstate recognition, supported antidiscrimination laws and the extension of hate crime laws to LGBT people and opposed "don't ask, don't tell".<a href="#cite_note-UCLA_press-240">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[236]</a> The 2012 platform included support for same-sex marriage and for the repeal of DOMA.<a href="#cite_note-NPR-2012a-51">[47]</a> On May 9, 2012, <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> became the first sitting president to say he supports same-sex marriage.<a href="#cite_note-242">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Huffington_Post-243">[238]</a> Previously, he had opposed restrictions on same-sex marriage such as the <a href="/wiki/Defense_of_Marriage_Act" title="Defense of Marriage Act">Defense of Marriage Act</a>, which he promised to repeal,<a href="#cite_note-LGBT-244">[239]</a> California's <a href="/wiki/Prop_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Prop 8">Prop 8</a>,<a href="#cite_note-245">[240]</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_amendment" title="Constitutional amendment">constitutional amendment</a> to ban same-sex marriage (which he opposed saying that "decisions about marriage should be left to the states as they always have been"),<a href="#cite_note-246">[241]</a> but also stated that he personally believed marriage to be between a man and a woman and that he favored civil unions that would "give same-sex couples equal legal rights and privileges as married couples".<a href="#cite_note-LGBT-244">[239]</a> Earlier, when running for the Illinois Senate in 1996 he said, "I favor legalizing same-sex marriages, and would fight efforts to prohibit such marriages".<a href="#cite_note-247">[242]</a> Former presidents <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[243]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[244]</a> along with former Democratic presidential nominees <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[245]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Michael Dukakis</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[246]</a> support same-sex marriage. President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> has supported <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> since 2012, when he became the highest-ranking government official to support it. In 2022, Biden signed the <a href="/wiki/Respect_for_Marriage_Act" title="Respect for Marriage Act">Respect for Marriage Act</a>; the law repealed the Defense of Marriage Act, which Biden had voted for during his Senate tenure.<a href="#cite_note-252">[247]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Status_of_Puerto_Rico_and_D.C.">Status of Puerto Rico and D.C.</h4></div> The 2016 Democratic Party platform declares, regarding the status of Puerto Rico: "We are committed to addressing the extraordinary challenges faced by our fellow citizens in Puerto Rico. Many stem from the fundamental question of Puerto Rico's political status. Democrats believe that the people of Puerto Rico should determine their ultimate political status from permanent options that do not conflict with the Constitution, laws, and policies of the United States. Democrats are committed to promoting economic opportunity and good-paying jobs for the hardworking people of Puerto Rico. We also believe that Puerto Ricans must be treated equally by Medicare, Medicaid, and other programs that benefit families. Puerto Ricans should be able to vote for the people who make their laws, just as they should be treated equally. All American citizens, no matter where they reside, should have the right to vote for the president of the United States. Finally, we believe that federal officials must respect Puerto Rico's local self-government as laws are implemented and Puerto Rico's budget and debt are restructured so that it can get on a path towards stability and prosperity".<a href="#cite_note-2016platform-155">[150]</a> Also, it declares that regarding the status of the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a>: "Restoring our democracy also means finally passing statehood for the District of Columbia, so that the American citizens who reside in the nation's capital have full and equal congressional rights as well as the right to have the laws and budget of their local government respected without Congressional interference."<a href="#cite_note-2016platform-155">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_issues">Legal issues</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gun_control">Gun control</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20210420_Gun_control_survey_by_political_party_-_Pew_Research.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/20210420_Gun_control_survey_by_political_party_-_Pew_Research.svg/330px-20210420_Gun_control_survey_by_political_party_-_Pew_Research.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/20210420_Gun_control_survey_by_political_party_-_Pew_Research.svg/495px-20210420_Gun_control_survey_by_political_party_-_Pew_Research.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/20210420_Gun_control_survey_by_political_party_-_Pew_Research.svg/660px-20210420_Gun_control_survey_by_political_party_-_Pew_Research.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption> U.S. opinion on gun control issues is deeply divided along political lines, as shown in this 2021 survey.<a href="#cite_note-Pew_20210420-253">[248]</a></figcaption></figure> With a stated goal of reducing crime and homicide, the Democratic Party has introduced various <a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">gun control</a> measures, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Gun_Control_Act_of_1968" title="Gun Control Act of 1968">Gun Control Act of 1968</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Brady_Handgun_Violence_Prevention_Act" title="Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act">Brady Bill</a> of 1993 and Crime Control Act of 1994. In its national platform for 2008, the only statement explicitly favoring gun control was a plan calling for renewal of the 1994 <a href="/wiki/Federal_Assault_Weapons_Ban" title="Federal Assault Weapons Ban">Assault Weapons Ban</a>.<a href="#cite_note-254">[249]</a> In 2022, Democratic president <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Bipartisan_Safer_Communities_Act" title="Bipartisan Safer Communities Act">Bipartisan Safer Communities Act</a>, which among other things expanded background checks and provided incentives for states to pass red flag laws.<a href="#cite_note-255">[250]</a> According to a 2023 Pew Research Center poll, 20% of Democrats owned firearms, compared to 32% of the general public and 45% of Republicans.<a href="#cite_note-256">[251]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Death_penalty">Death penalty</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States" title="Capital punishment in the United States">Capital punishment in the United States</a></div> The Democratic Party's 2020 platform states its opposition to the death penalty.<a href="#cite_note-Protecting_Communities_and_Building-169">[164]</a> Although most Democrats in Congress have never seriously moved to overturn the rarely used <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_by_the_United_States_federal_government" title="Capital punishment by the United States federal government">federal death penalty</a>, both <a href="/wiki/Russ_Feingold" title="Russ Feingold">Russ Feingold</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Kucinich" title="Dennis Kucinich">Dennis Kucinich</a> have introduced such bills with little success. Democrats have led efforts to overturn state death penalty laws, and prevent the reinstatement of the death penalty in those states which prohibit it, including <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Massachusetts" title="Capital punishment in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital punishment in New York (state)">New York</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Delaware" title="Capital punishment in Delaware">Delaware</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton administration</a>, Democrats led the expansion of the federal death penalty. These efforts resulted in the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Antiterrorism_and_Effective_Death_Penalty_Act_of_1996" title="Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996">Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996</a>, signed into law by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">President Clinton</a>, which heavily limited appeals in death penalty cases. In 1972, the Democratic Party platform called for the abolition of capital punishment.<a href="#cite_note-1972-Platform-257">[252]</a> During his <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama">Illinois Senate career</a>, former President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> successfully introduced legislation intended to reduce the likelihood of <a href="/wiki/Miscarriage_of_justice" title="Miscarriage of justice">wrongful convictions</a> in capital cases, requiring videotaping of confessions. When <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">campaigning for the presidency</a>, Obama stated that he supports the limited use of the death penalty, including for people who have been convicted of raping a minor under the age of 12, having opposed the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a>'s ruling in <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_v._Louisiana" title="Kennedy v. Louisiana">Kennedy v. Louisiana</a> that the death penalty was unconstitutional in which the victim of a crime was not killed.<a href="#cite_note-258">[253]</a> Obama has stated that he thinks the "death penalty does little to deter crime" and that it is used too frequently and too inconsistently.<a href="#cite_note-259">[254]</a> In June 2016, the Democratic Platform Drafting Committee unanimously adopted an amendment to abolish the death penalty.<a href="#cite_note-260">[255]</a> The 2024 platform is the first since the <a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">2004 platform</a>, that doesn't mention the death penalty, and the first since 2016 not to call for abolition.<a href="#cite_note-261">[256]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Torture">Torture</h4></div> Many Democrats are opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Torture_and_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Torture and the United States">use of torture</a> against individuals apprehended and held prisoner by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="United States armed forces">United States military</a>, and hold that categorizing such prisoners as <a href="/wiki/Unlawful_combatant" title="Unlawful combatant">unlawful combatants</a> does not release the United States from its obligations under the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a>. Democrats contend that torture is inhumane, damages the United States' moral standing in the world, and produces questionable results. Democrats are largely against <a href="/wiki/Waterboarding" title="Waterboarding">waterboarding</a>.<a href="#cite_note-262">[257]</a> Torture became a divisive issue in the party after Barack Obama was elected president.<a href="#cite_note-263">[258]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Privacy">Privacy</h4></div> The Democratic Party believes that individuals should have a <a href="/wiki/Privacy_law" title="Privacy law">right to privacy</a>. For example, many Democrats have opposed the <a href="/wiki/NSA_warrantless_surveillance_(2001%E2%80%9307)" class="mw-redirect" title="NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–07)">NSA warrantless surveillance of American citizens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-264">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[260]</a> Some Democratic officeholders have championed <a href="/wiki/Consumer_protection" title="Consumer protection">consumer protection</a> laws that limit the sharing of consumer data between corporations. Democrats have opposed <a href="/wiki/Sodomy_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Sodomy laws in the United States">sodomy laws</a> since the 1972 platform which stated that "Americans should be free to make their own choice of life-styles and private habits without being subject to discrimination or prosecution",<a href="#cite_note-1972-Platform-257">[252]</a> and believe that government should not regulate consensual noncommercial sexual conduct among adults as a matter of personal privacy.<a href="#cite_note-266">[261]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy_issues">Foreign policy issues</h3></div> The foreign policy of the voters of the two major parties has largely overlapped since the 1990s. A Gallup poll in early 2013 showed broad agreement on the top issues, albeit with some divergence regarding human rights and international cooperation through agencies such as the United Nations.<a href="#cite_note-267">[262]</a> In June 2014, the Quinnipiac Poll asked Americans which foreign policy they preferred: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">A) The United States is doing too much in other countries around the world, and it is time to do less around the world and focus more on our own problems here at home. B) The United States must continue to push forward to promote democracy and freedom in other countries worldwide because these efforts make our own country more secure.</blockquote> Democrats chose A over B by 65% to 32%; Republicans chose A over B by 56% to 39%; and independents chose A over B by 67% to 29%.<a href="#cite_note-268">[263]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iran_sanctions">Iran sanctions</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_sanctions_against_Iran" title="United States sanctions against Iran">United States sanctions against Iran</a></div> The Democratic Party has been critical of Iran's nuclear weapon program and supported economic sanctions against the Iranian government. In 2013, the Democratic-led administration worked to reach a diplomatic agreement with the government of Iran to halt the Iranian nuclear weapon program in exchange for <a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against Iran">international economic sanction</a> relief.<a href="#cite_note-269">[264]</a> As of 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Party_(United_States)&action=edit">[update]</a>, negotiations had been successful and the party called for more cooperation with Iran in the future.<a href="#cite_note-270">[265]</a> In 2015, the Obama administration agreed to the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action</a>, which provides sanction relief in exchange for international oversight of the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_nuclear_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian nuclear program">Iranian nuclear program</a>. In February 2019, the Democratic National Committee passed a resolution calling on the United States to re-enter the JCPOA, which President Trump withdrew from in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-271">[266]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Invasion_of_Afghanistan">Invasion of Afghanistan</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Afghanistan–United States relations">Afghanistan–United States relations</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_public_opinion_on_the_war_in_Afghanistan" title="International public opinion on the war in Afghanistan">International public opinion on the war in Afghanistan</a></div> Democrats in the House of Representatives and in the Senate near-unanimously voted for the <a href="/wiki/Authorization_for_Use_of_Military_Force_Against_Terrorists" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists">Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists</a> against "those responsible for the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">recent attacks launched against the United States</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> in 2001, supporting the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> coalition <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">invasion of the nation</a>. Most elected Democrats continued to support the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">Afghanistan conflict</a> during George W. Bush's presidency.<a href="#cite_note-272">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-daily-273">[268]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008 Presidential Election</a>, then-candidate <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> called for a "surge" of troops into Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-daily-273">[268]</a> After winning the presidency, Obama followed through, sending additional troops to Afghanistan. Troop levels were 94,000 in December 2011 and kept falling, with a target of 68,000 by fall 2012.<a href="#cite_note-274">[269]</a> Support for the war among the American people diminished over time. Many Democrats changed their opinion over the course of the war, coming to oppose continuation of the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-holland-275">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-edge-276">[271]</a> In July 2008, <a href="/wiki/Gallup_poll" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup poll">Gallup</a> found that 41% of Democrats called the invasion a "mistake" while a 55% majority disagreed.<a href="#cite_note-edge-276">[271]</a> A <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> survey in August 2009 stated that a majority of Democrats opposed the war. CNN polling director Keating Holland said: "Nearly two thirds of Republicans support the war in Afghanistan. Three quarters of Democrats oppose the war".<a href="#cite_note-holland-275">[270]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 Presidential Election</a>, then-candidate <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> promised to "end the forever wars in Afghanistan and the Middle East."<a href="#cite_note-277">[272]</a> Biden went on to win the election, and in April 2021, he announced he would withdraw all US troops from Afghanistan by September 11 of that year.<a href="#cite_note-278">[273]</a> The last troops left in August, bringing America's 20-year-long military campaign in the country to a close.<a href="#cite_note-279">[274]</a> According to a 2023 AP-NORC poll, a majority of Democrats believed that the War in Afghanistan was not worth it.<a href="#cite_note-280">[275]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Israel">Israel</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Israel–United States relations">Israel–United States relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shimon_Peres_observes_Binyamin_Nitanyahu_greeting_Barack_Obama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Shimon_Peres_observes_Binyamin_Nitanyahu_greeting_Barack_Obama.jpg/220px-Shimon_Peres_observes_Binyamin_Nitanyahu_greeting_Barack_Obama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Shimon_Peres_observes_Binyamin_Nitanyahu_greeting_Barack_Obama.jpg/330px-Shimon_Peres_observes_Binyamin_Nitanyahu_greeting_Barack_Obama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Shimon_Peres_observes_Binyamin_Nitanyahu_greeting_Barack_Obama.jpg/440px-Shimon_Peres_observes_Binyamin_Nitanyahu_greeting_Barack_Obama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Israeli prime minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> meeting with President Obama in 2013</figcaption></figure> Democrats have historically been a stronger supporter of Israel than Republicans.<a href="#cite_note-Cavari-2020-281">[276]</a> During the 1940s, the party advocated for the cause of an independent Jewish state over the objections of many <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservatives</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right</a>, who strongly opposed it.<a href="#cite_note-Cavari-2020-281">[276]</a> In 1948, Democratic President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry Truman</a> became the first world leader to recognize an independent state of Israel.<a href="#cite_note-282">[277]</a> The 2020 Democratic Party platform acknowledges a "commitment to Israel's security, its qualitative military edge, its right to defend itself, and the 2016 Memorandum of Understanding is ironclad" and that "we oppose any effort to unfairly single out and delegitimize Israel, including at the United Nations or through the <a href="/wiki/Boycott,_Divestment_and_Sanctions" title="Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions">Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions Movement</a>".<a href="#cite_note-283">[278]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israel–Hamas war">2023 Israel-Hamas War</a>, the party requested a large-scale military aid package to Israel.<a href="#cite_note-284">[279]</a> Biden also announced <a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="United States support for Israel in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war">military support for Israel</a>, condemned the actions of <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> and other Palestinian militants as terrorism,<a href="#cite_note-285">[280]</a> and ordered the US military to build a port to facilitate the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Humanitarian aid during the Israel–Hamas war">humanitarian aid to Palestinian civilians in Gaza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-286">[281]</a> However, parts of the Democratic base also became more skeptical of the Israel government.<a href="#cite_note-287">[282]</a> The number of Democrats (and Americans in general) who oppose sending arms to Israel has grown month by month as <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel's war on Gaza</a> continues.<a href="#cite_note-288">[283]</a> Experts say support for Israel could have a negative impact on Democrats in several key states, including Michigan and Pennsylvania, in the 2024 presidential election.<a href="#cite_note-289">[284]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe,_Russia,_and_Ukraine">Europe, Russia, and Ukraine</h4></div> The 2022 <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> was politically and economically opposed by the Biden Administration, who promptly began an increased arming of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-against_2022_05_19_thehill-290">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-loud_2023_05_19_nytimes-291">[286]</a> In October 2023, the Biden administration requested an additional $61.4 billion in aid for Ukraine for the year ahead,<a href="#cite_note-292">[287]</a> but delays in the passage of further aid by the Republican-controlled <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> inhibited progress, with the additional $61 billion in aid to Ukraine added in April 2024.<a href="#cite_note-293">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-294">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[290]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Demographics of the Democratic Party (United States)">Demographics of the Democratic Party (United States)</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_states_by_percent_union_members_(2017).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/US_states_by_percent_union_members_%282017%29.svg/250px-US_states_by_percent_union_members_%282017%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/US_states_by_percent_union_members_%282017%29.svg/375px-US_states_by_percent_union_members_%282017%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/US_states_by_percent_union_members_%282017%29.svg/500px-US_states_by_percent_union_members_%282017%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>Percent of workforce belonging to a union in 2017<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  20+%</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  15–19.9%</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  10–14.9%</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  5–9.9%</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  0–4.9%</div></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:340px;max-width:340px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:167px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Americans_with_a_bachelor%27s_degree_or_higher_by_state.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="2020 presidential election by county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Americans_with_a_bachelor%27s_degree_or_higher_by_state.svg/338px-Americans_with_a_bachelor%27s_degree_or_higher_by_state.svg.png" decoding="async" width="338" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Americans_with_a_bachelor%27s_degree_or_higher_by_state.svg/507px-Americans_with_a_bachelor%27s_degree_or_higher_by_state.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Americans_with_a_bachelor%27s_degree_or_higher_by_state.svg/676px-Americans_with_a_bachelor%27s_degree_or_higher_by_state.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="593" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:340px;max-width:340px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:167px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Americans_with_an_advanced_degree_by_state.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Majority-Black Counties in the U.S. as of the 2020 United States Census" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Americans_with_an_advanced_degree_by_state.svg/338px-Americans_with_an_advanced_degree_by_state.svg.png" decoding="async" width="338" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Americans_with_an_advanced_degree_by_state.svg/507px-Americans_with_an_advanced_degree_by_state.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Americans_with_an_advanced_degree_by_state.svg/676px-Americans_with_an_advanced_degree_by_state.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="593" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Top and bottom:</div> Proportion of Americans with a bachelor's degree and a graduate degree in each U.S. state, <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">D.C.</a>, and Puerto Rico as of the 2021 American Community Survey.</div></div></div></div> In the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 presidential election</a>, the party performed best among voters who were <a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">upper income</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:0-296">[291]</a> lived in <a href="/wiki/Urban%E2%80%93rural_political_divide" title="Urban–rural political divide">urban areas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-McGreal-37">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-cities-38">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">college graduates</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Polarization_by_education-39">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Polarized_by_Degrees-40">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-nymag.com-41">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-42">[38]</a> identified as <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">Agnostic</a>, or <a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Jewish</a>; <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Blacks_and_the_Democratic_Party-43">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bositis-44">[40]</a> <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT+</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marital_status" title="Marital status">unmarried</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Activists_and_Partisan_Realignment-47">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Grossmann-2021-48">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-pewresearch.org-45">[41]</a> Support for the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a> in the 1960s by Democratic presidents <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> helped increase the Democrats' support within the African American community. African Americans have consistently voted between 85% and 95% Democratic since the 1960s, making African Americans one of the largest of the party's constituencies.<a href="#cite_note-Blacks_and_the_Democratic_Party-43">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bositis-44">[40]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>, 78.4% of Democrats in the 116th United States Congress were Christian.<a href="#cite_note-297">[292]</a> However, the vast majority of white evangelical and <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Latter-day Saint</a> Christians favor the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-298">[293]</a> The party also receives strong support from <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">non-religious</a> voters.<a href="#cite_note-299">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[295]</a> A major component of the party's coalition has been <a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">organized labor</a>. Democrats are more likely to be represented by unions than Republican voters.<a href="#cite_note-Kullgren-2020-29">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[296]</a> The party also receives strong support from college-educated <a href="/wiki/Professional%E2%80%93managerial_class" title="Professional–managerial class">professionals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_worker" title="Knowledge worker">knowledge workers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-302">[297]</a> Younger Americans have tended to vote mainly for Democratic candidates in recent years, particularly those under the age of 30.<a href="#cite_note-trends-303">[298]</a> Since 1980, a "gender gap" has seen stronger support for the Democratic Party among women than among men. Unmarried and divorced women are more likely to vote for Democrats.<a href="#cite_note-wvwv2004-304">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[300]</a> Although women supported Obama over <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> by a margin of 55–44% in 2012, Romney prevailed amongst married women, 53–46%.<a href="#cite_note-Marriage_Gap-306">[301]</a> Obama won unmarried women 67–31%.<a href="#cite_note-307">[302]</a> According to a December 2019 study, "White women are the only group of female voters who support Republican Party candidates for president. They have done so by a majority in all but 2 of the last 18 elections".<a href="#cite_note-308">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[304]</a> Geographically, the party is strongest in the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a>, parts of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes region</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern United States</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a>. The party is also very strong in <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">major cities</a>, regardless of region.<a href="#cite_note-cities-38">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_long_goodbye-310">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_New_West-311">[306]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_2">Education</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2021_Median_household_wealth,_by_highest_educational_attainment_-_US.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/2021_Median_household_wealth%2C_by_highest_educational_attainment_-_US.svg/300px-2021_Median_household_wealth%2C_by_highest_educational_attainment_-_US.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/2021_Median_household_wealth%2C_by_highest_educational_attainment_-_US.svg/450px-2021_Median_household_wealth%2C_by_highest_educational_attainment_-_US.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/2021_Median_household_wealth%2C_by_highest_educational_attainment_-_US.svg/600px-2021_Median_household_wealth%2C_by_highest_educational_attainment_-_US.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Higher educational attainment in the US corresponds with higher median household wealth.<a href="#cite_note-WealthEducation_2021-312">[307]</a></figcaption></figure> The victory of Republican <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in 2016 brought about a realignment in which many <a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">voters without college degrees</a>, also referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Working_class_in_the_United_States" title="Working class in the United States">working class</a>" voters by many sources, voted Republican.<a href="#cite_note-Nate_Silver-313">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[309]</a> Many Democrats without college degrees differ from liberals in their more socially moderate views, and are more likely to belong to an ethnic minority.<a href="#cite_note-dropouts-315">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-different_worlds-316">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-Teixeira-2022-317">[312]</a> White voters with college degrees are more likely to live in urban areas.<a href="#cite_note-different_worlds-316">[311]</a> Until 2016, white voters with college degrees were a Republican-leaning group.<a href="#cite_note-Polarization_by_education-39">[35]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 United States presidential election</a>, Joe Biden won white voters with a college degree 51-48%, while winning college graduates as a whole 55-43%. Biden became the first Democratic president to win a majority of white voters with college degrees since 1964.<a href="#cite_note-318">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-nymag.com-41">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-42">[38]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 United States presidential election</a>, Kamala Harris won white voters with college degrees 52-45%, becoming the first Democratic presidential nominee to lose a presidential election despite winning a majority of white voters with college degrees. Harris also became the first Democratic presidential nominee to receive more support from high-income Americans than low-income Americans.<a href="#cite_note-:0-296">[291]</a> Democrats have consistently won voters with <a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">graduate degrees</a> since the 1990s, including a majority of White voters with graduate degrees.<a href="#cite_note-Polarization_by_education-39">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-319">[314]</a> Since the 2010s,<a href="#cite_note-Polarization_by_education-39">[35]</a> white voters with college degrees have been increasingly voting for the Democratic Party.<a href="#cite_note-nymag.com-41">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-42">[38]</a> The Democratic Party has steadily increased the percentage of votes it receives from voters with college degrees since the 1970s, while the <a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">educational attainment</a> of the United States has steadily increased.<a href="#cite_note-Polarized_by_Degrees-40">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nate_Silver-313">[308]</a> Voters with college degrees as a whole were a Republican-voting group until the 1990s. Despite winning in a landslide in <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964</a>, Democratic president <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> only narrowly won a majority of voters with college degrees 52-48%.<a href="#cite_note-320">[315]</a> In <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a>, Democrat <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> narrowly won while losing voters with college degrees 43-55%.<a href="#cite_note-1976_Presidential_Election_Data-321">[316]</a> Since the 1990s, a majority of voters with graduate degrees have consistently voted for the Democratic Party. Republican president <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> won voters with just a bachelor's degree 52-46% and lost voters with a graduate degree 44-55%, while winning re-election in <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a>.<a href="#cite_note-322">[317]</a> Despite Obama's decisive <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a> victory, Republican nominee <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> won a majority of white voters with college degrees 51-47%.<a href="#cite_note-National_Exit_Poll-323">[318]</a> In <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a>, Republican nominee <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> won white voters with college degrees 56-42%, though Obama won voters with college degrees as a whole 50-48% while winning re-election.<a href="#cite_note-324">[319]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Factions">Factions</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)">Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)</a></div> Upon foundation, the Democratic Party supported <a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">agrarianism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jacksonian_democracy" title="Jacksonian democracy">Jacksonian democracy</a> movement of President <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a>, representing farmers and rural interests and traditional <a href="/wiki/Jeffersonian_democracy" title="Jeffersonian democracy">Jeffersonian democrats</a>.<a href="#cite_note-325">[320]</a> Since the 1890s, especially in northern states, the party began to favor more liberal positions (the term "liberal" in this sense describes <a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">modern liberalism</a>, rather than <a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">classical liberalism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">economic liberalism</a>). Historically, the party has represented farmers, laborers, and religious and ethnic minorities as it has opposed unregulated business and finance and favored progressive income taxes. In the 1930s, the party began advocating <a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_the_United_States" title="Social programs in the United States">social programs</a> targeted at the poor. Before the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a>, the party had a <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">fiscally conservative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">pro-business</a> wing, typified by <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Al Smith</a>.<a href="#cite_note-326">[321]</a> The party was <a href="/wiki/Solid_South" title="Solid South">dominant in the Southern United States</a> until President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a>. In foreign policy, <a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">internationalism</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Interventionism_(politics)" title="Interventionism (politics)">interventionism</a>) was a dominant theme from 1913 to the mid-1960s. The major influences for liberalism were labor unions (which peaked in the 1936–1952 era) and African Americans. Environmentalism has been a major component since the 1970s. Even after the New Deal, until the 2010s, the party still had <a href="/wiki/Conservative_coalition" title="Conservative coalition">a fiscally conservative faction</a>,<a href="#cite_note-blue-dog-regroup-327">[322]</a> such as <a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">John Nance Garner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howard_W._Smith" title="Howard W. Smith">Howard W. Smith</a>.<a href="#cite_note-328">[323]</a> The party's <a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrats" title="Southern Democrats">Southern conservative</a> wing began shrinking after President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> supported the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a>, and largely died out in the 2010s, as the Republican Party built up its Southern base.<a href="#cite_note-The_long_goodbye-310">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-329">[324]</a> The party still receives support from African Americans and urban areas in the Southern United States.<a href="#cite_note-330">[325]</a> Until the 2010s, White voters with college degrees were a Republican-leading group.<a href="#cite_note-Polarization_by_education-39">[35]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a>, Joe Biden became the first Democratic president to win a majority of white voters with college degrees (51-48%) since 1964, while winning college graduates as a whole 55-43%.<a href="#cite_note-331">[326]</a> The 21st century Democratic Party is predominantly a coalition of centrists, liberals, and progressives, with significant overlap between the three groups. In 2019, the Pew Research Center found that among Democratic and Democratic-leaning registered voters, 47% identify as liberal or very liberal, 38% identify as moderate, and 14% identify as conservative or very conservative.<a href="#cite_note-332">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-333">[328]</a> In recent <a href="/wiki/Exit_poll" title="Exit poll">exit polls</a>, the Democratic Party has had broad appeal across most socioeconomic and ethnic demographics.<a href="#cite_note-334">[329]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN-2020-Exit-Poll-335">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN._(2006)._Exit_Poll.-336">[331]</a> Political scientists characterize the Democratic Party as less ideologically cohesive than the Republican Party due to the broader diversity of coalitions that compose the Democratic Party.<a href="#cite_note-Gidron-2019-337">[332]</a><a href="#cite_note-Grossman-2016-338">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lelkes-2016-339">[334]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liberals">Liberals</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Modern liberalism in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Self-identified_liberals_2018_Gallup.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Self-identified_liberals_2018_Gallup.svg/220px-Self-identified_liberals_2018_Gallup.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Self-identified_liberals_2018_Gallup.svg/330px-Self-identified_liberals_2018_Gallup.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Self-identified_liberals_2018_Gallup.svg/440px-Self-identified_liberals_2018_Gallup.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="317" /></a><figcaption>Percent of self-identified liberals by state in 2018, according to a <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a> poll:<a href="#cite_note-340">[335]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  32% and above</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  28–31%</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  24–27%</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  20–23%</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  16–19%</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  15% and under</div></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Modern liberals</a> are a large portion of the Democratic base. According to 2018 exit polls, liberals constituted 27% of the electorate, and 91% of American liberals favored the candidate of the Democratic Party.<a href="#cite_note-2018e-341">[336]</a> <a href="/wiki/White-collar_worker" title="White-collar worker">White-collar</a> college-educated professionals were mostly Republican until the 1950s, but they had become a vital component of the Democratic Party by the early 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-Judis,_B._J._(July_11,_2003)._The_trouble_with_Howard_Dean._''Salon.com''.-342">[337]</a> A large majority of liberals favor moving toward <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a>, with many supporting an eventual gradual transition to a <a href="/wiki/Single-payer_health_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-payer health care">single-payer system</a> in particular. A majority also favor diplomacy over <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">military action</a>; <a href="/wiki/Stem_cell" title="Stem cell">stem cell research</a>, <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">same-sex marriage</a>, stricter <a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">gun control</a>, environmental protection laws, as well as the preservation of <a href="/wiki/Pro-choice" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-choice">abortion rights</a>. Immigration and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_diversity" title="Cultural diversity">cultural diversity</a> are deemed positive as liberals favor <a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">cultural pluralism</a>, a system in which immigrants retain their native culture in addition to adopting their new culture. Most liberals oppose increased military spending and the mixing of church and state.<a href="#cite_note-Pew_Research_Center.-343">[338]</a> They tend to be divided on <a href="/wiki/United_States_free_trade_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="United States free trade agreements">free trade agreements</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/USMCA" class="mw-redirect" title="USMCA">USMCA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Normal_Trade_Relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent Normal Trade Relations">PNTR</a> with China, with some seeing them as more favorable to corporations than workers.<a href="#cite_note-344">[339]</a> As of 2020, the three most significant labor groupings in the Democratic coalition were the <a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93CIO" class="mw-redirect" title="AFL–CIO">AFL–CIO</a> and <a href="/wiki/Change_to_Win_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Change to Win Federation">Change to Win</a> <a href="/wiki/National_trade_union_center" title="National trade union center">labor federations</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/National_Education_Association" title="National Education Association">National Education Association</a>, a large, unaffiliated teachers' union. Important issues for labor unions include supporting unionized manufacturing jobs, raising the <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage_in_the_United_States" title="Minimum wage in the United States">minimum wage</a>, and promoting broad social programs such as <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_(United_States)" title="Social Security (United States)">Social Security</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a>.<a href="#cite_note-345">[340]</a> This ideological group differs from the traditional organized labor base. According to the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>, a plurality of 41% resided in <a href="/wiki/Mass_affluent" title="Mass affluent">mass affluent</a> households and 49% were college graduates, the highest figure of any typographical group.<a href="#cite_note-Polarized_by_Degrees-40">[36]</a> It was also the fastest growing typological group since the late 1990s to the present.<a href="#cite_note-Pew_Research_Center.-343">[338]</a> Liberals include most of academia<a href="#cite_note-Kurtz,_H._(March_29,_2005)._College_Faculties_A_Most_Liberal_Lot,_Study_Finds._''The_Washington_Post''.-346">[341]</a> and large portions of the professional class.<a href="#cite_note-nymag.com-41">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moderates">Moderates</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/New_Democrats_(United_States)" title="New Democrats (United States)">New Democrats (United States)</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Democrat_Coalition" title="New Democrat Coalition">New Democrat Coalition</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blue_Dog_Coalition" title="Blue Dog Coalition">Blue Dog Coalition</a></div> Moderate Democrats, or <a href="/wiki/New_Democrats_(United_States)" title="New Democrats (United States)">New Democrats</a>, are an ideologically <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centrist</a> faction within the Democratic Party that emerged after the victory of <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-347">[342]</a> Running as a New Democrat, Bill Clinton won the <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992</a> and <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a> presidential elections.<a href="#cite_note-348">[343]</a> They are an economically <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">liberal</a> and "<a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a>" faction that dominated the party for around 20 years, until the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama's presidency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-blue-dog-regroup-327">[322]</a><a href="#cite_note-vox.com-349">[344]</a> They are represented by organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/New_Democrat_Network" title="New Democrat Network">New Democrat Network</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Democrat_Coalition" title="New Democrat Coalition">New Democrat Coalition</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Blue_Dog_Coalition" title="Blue Dog Coalition">Blue Dog Coalition</a> was formed during the <a href="/wiki/104th_United_States_Congress" title="104th United States Congress">104th Congress</a> to give members from the Democratic Party representing conservative-leaning districts a unified voice after the Democrats' loss of Congress in the <a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1994 United States House of Representatives elections">1994</a> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Revolution" title="Republican Revolution">Republican Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-350">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[347]</a> However, in the late 2010s and early 2020s, the Coalition's focus shifted towards ideological <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centrism</a>. One of the most influential centrist groups was the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Leadership_Council" title="Democratic Leadership Council">Democratic Leadership Council</a> (DLC), a nonprofit organization that advocated centrist positions for the party. The DLC disbanded in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-353">[348]</a> Some Democratic elected officials have self-declared as being centrists, including former President Bill Clinton, former Vice President <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>, Senator <a href="/wiki/Mark_Warner" title="Mark Warner">Mark Warner</a>, Kansas governor <a href="/wiki/Laura_Kelly" title="Laura Kelly">Laura Kelly</a>, former Senator <a href="/wiki/Jim_Webb" title="Jim Webb">Jim Webb</a>, and President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Members_-_New_Democrat_Coalition-354">[349]</a><a href="#cite_note-355">[350]</a> The New Democrat Network supports socially liberal and fiscally moderate Democratic politicians and is associated with the congressional <a href="/wiki/New_Democrat_Coalition" title="New Democrat Coalition">New Democrat Coalition</a> in the House.<a href="#cite_note-356">[351]</a> <a href="/wiki/Annie_Kuster" title="Annie Kuster">Annie Kuster</a> is the chair of the coalition,<a href="#cite_note-Members_-_New_Democrat_Coalition-354">[349]</a> and former senator and President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> was self-described as a New Democrat.<a href="#cite_note-357">[352]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Progressives">Progressives</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Progressive_Caucus" title="Congressional Progressive Caucus">Congressional Progressive Caucus</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">Progressives</a> are the most left-leaning faction in the party and support strong business regulations, <a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_the_United_States" title="Social programs in the United States">social programs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers' rights">workers' rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-358">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-359">[354]</a> In 2014, progressive Senator <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> set out "Eleven Commandments of Progressivism": tougher regulation on corporations; affordable education; scientific investment and environmentalism; <a href="/wiki/Net_neutrality" title="Net neutrality">net neutrality</a>; increased wages; equal pay for women; collective bargaining rights; defending social programs; <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">same-sex marriage</a>; <a href="/wiki/Immigration_reform_in_the_US" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration reform in the US">immigration reform</a>; and unabridged access to reproductive healthcare.<a href="#cite_note-360">[355]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Progressive_Caucus" title="Congressional Progressive Caucus">Congressional Progressive Caucus</a> (CPC) is a caucus of progressive Democrats chaired by <a href="/wiki/Pramila_Jayapal" title="Pramila Jayapal">Pramila Jayapal</a> of <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>.<a href="#cite_note-361">[356]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gerstle2022-35">[31]</a> Its members have included Representatives <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Kucinich" title="Dennis Kucinich">Dennis Kucinich</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">John Conyers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_McDermott" title="Jim McDermott">Jim McDermott</a> of <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Lee" title="Barbara Lee">Barbara Lee</a> of California, and Senator <a href="/wiki/Paul_Wellstone" title="Paul Wellstone">Paul Wellstone</a> of <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>. Senators <a href="/wiki/Sherrod_Brown" title="Sherrod Brown">Sherrod Brown</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tammy_Baldwin" title="Tammy Baldwin">Tammy Baldwin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mazie_Hirono" title="Mazie Hirono">Mazie Hirono</a> of Hawaii, and <a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Ed Markey</a> of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> were members of the caucus when in the House of Representatives. As of March 2023, no Democratic senators belonged to the CPC, but independent Senator Bernie Sanders was a member.<a href="#cite_note-362">[357]</a> As of 2024, the CPC is the second-largest ideological caucus in the House Democratic Caucus by voting members, behind the New Democrat Coalition.<a href="#cite_note-363">[358]</a><a href="#cite_note-364">[359]</a> In the aftermath of Trump winning the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 presidential election</a>, the progressive movement has lost influence within the Democratic party.<a href="#cite_note-365">[360]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Democratic_presidents">Democratic presidents</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">List of presidents of the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)#Republican_presidents" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party (United States) § Republican presidents</a></div> As of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Party_(United_States)&action=edit">[update]</a>, there have been a total of 16 Democratic presidents. <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center;"><abbr title="Order of presidency">#</abbr> </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Name (lifespan) </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Portrait </th> <th style="text-align:center;">State </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Presidency start date </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Presidency end date </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Time in office </th></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> (1767–1845) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Andrew_jackson_head.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Andrew_jackson_head.jpg/65px-Andrew_jackson_head.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Andrew_jackson_head.jpg/98px-Andrew_jackson_head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Andrew_jackson_head.jpg/130px-Andrew_jackson_head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2472" data-file-height="3000" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Andrew_Jackson" title="First inauguration of Andrew Jackson">March 4, 1829</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Martin_Van_Buren" title="Inauguration of Martin Van Buren">March 4, 1837</a> </td> <td>8 years, 0 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> (1782–1862) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Martin_Van_Buren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Martin_Van_Buren.jpg/65px-Martin_Van_Buren.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Martin_Van_Buren.jpg/98px-Martin_Van_Buren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Martin_Van_Buren.jpg/130px-Martin_Van_Buren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1567" data-file-height="2118" /></a> </td> <td>New York </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Martin_Van_Buren" title="Inauguration of Martin Van Buren">March 4, 1837</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_William_Henry_Harrison" title="Inauguration of William Henry Harrison">March 4, 1841</a> </td> <td>4 years, 0 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a> (1795–1849) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Polk_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Polk_crop.jpg/65px-Polk_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Polk_crop.jpg/98px-Polk_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Polk_crop.jpg/130px-Polk_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1353" data-file-height="1700" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_James_K._Polk" title="Inauguration of James K. Polk">March 4, 1845</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Zachary_Taylor" title="Inauguration of Zachary Taylor">March 4, 1849</a> </td> <td>4 years, 0 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a> (1804–1869) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop_%28cropped%29.jpg/65px-Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop_%28cropped%29.jpg/98px-Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop_%28cropped%29.jpg/130px-Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1963" data-file-height="2615" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Franklin_Pierce" title="Inauguration of Franklin Pierce">March 4, 1853</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_James_Buchanan" title="Inauguration of James Buchanan">March 4, 1857</a> </td> <td>4 years, 0 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a> (1791–1868) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:James_Buchanan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/James_Buchanan.jpg/65px-James_Buchanan.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/James_Buchanan.jpg/98px-James_Buchanan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/James_Buchanan.jpg/130px-James_Buchanan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="571" data-file-height="714" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_James_Buchanan" title="Inauguration of James Buchanan">March 4, 1857</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="First inauguration of Abraham Lincoln">March 4, 1861</a> </td> <td>4 years, 0 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> (1808–1875) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Andrew_Johnson_photo_portrait_head_and_shoulders,_c1870-1880-Edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Andrew_Johnson_photo_portrait_head_and_shoulders%2C_c1870-1880-Edit1.jpg/65px-Andrew_Johnson_photo_portrait_head_and_shoulders%2C_c1870-1880-Edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Andrew_Johnson_photo_portrait_head_and_shoulders%2C_c1870-1880-Edit1.jpg/98px-Andrew_Johnson_photo_portrait_head_and_shoulders%2C_c1870-1880-Edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Andrew_Johnson_photo_portrait_head_and_shoulders%2C_c1870-1880-Edit1.jpg/130px-Andrew_Johnson_photo_portrait_head_and_shoulders%2C_c1870-1880-Edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2050" data-file-height="2634" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Inauguration of Andrew Johnson">April 15, 1865</a><a href="#cite_note-366">[f]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Ulysses_S._Grant" title="First inauguration of Ulysses S. Grant">March 4, 1869</a> </td> <td>3 years, 323 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> (1837–1908) </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:StephenGroverCleveland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/StephenGroverCleveland.jpg/65px-StephenGroverCleveland.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/StephenGroverCleveland.jpg/98px-StephenGroverCleveland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/StephenGroverCleveland.jpg/130px-StephenGroverCleveland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="1000" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2">New York </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Grover_Cleveland" title="First inauguration of Grover Cleveland">March 4, 1885</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Benjamin_Harrison" title="Inauguration of Benjamin Harrison">March 4, 1889</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">8 years, 0 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Grover_Cleveland" title="Second inauguration of Grover Cleveland">March 4, 1893</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_William_McKinley" title="First inauguration of William McKinley">March 4, 1897</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> (1856–1924) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Woodrow_Wilson,_Harris_%26_Ewing_bw_photo_portrait,_1919_-_black_and_white_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Thomas_Woodrow_Wilson%2C_Harris_%26_Ewing_bw_photo_portrait%2C_1919_-_black_and_white_%28cropped%29.jpg/65px-Thomas_Woodrow_Wilson%2C_Harris_%26_Ewing_bw_photo_portrait%2C_1919_-_black_and_white_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Thomas_Woodrow_Wilson%2C_Harris_%26_Ewing_bw_photo_portrait%2C_1919_-_black_and_white_%28cropped%29.jpg/98px-Thomas_Woodrow_Wilson%2C_Harris_%26_Ewing_bw_photo_portrait%2C_1919_-_black_and_white_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Thomas_Woodrow_Wilson%2C_Harris_%26_Ewing_bw_photo_portrait%2C_1919_-_black_and_white_%28cropped%29.jpg/130px-Thomas_Woodrow_Wilson%2C_Harris_%26_Ewing_bw_photo_portrait%2C_1919_-_black_and_white_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2484" data-file-height="3390" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="First inauguration of Woodrow Wilson">March 4, 1913</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Warren_G._Harding" title="Inauguration of Warren G. Harding">March 4, 1921</a> </td> <td>8 years, 0 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>32 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1882–1945) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:FDR-1944-Campaign-Portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/FDR-1944-Campaign-Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/65px-FDR-1944-Campaign-Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/FDR-1944-Campaign-Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/98px-FDR-1944-Campaign-Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/FDR-1944-Campaign-Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/130px-FDR-1944-Campaign-Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="3396" /></a> </td> <td>New York </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="First inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt">March 4, 1933</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Franklin D. Roosevelt">April 12, 1945</a><a href="#cite_note-died-367">[g]</a> </td> <td>12 years, 39 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>33 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1884–1972) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:TRUMAN_58-766-06_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/TRUMAN_58-766-06_%28cropped%29.jpg/65px-TRUMAN_58-766-06_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/TRUMAN_58-766-06_%28cropped%29.jpg/98px-TRUMAN_58-766-06_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/TRUMAN_58-766-06_%28cropped%29.jpg/130px-TRUMAN_58-766-06_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1215" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="First inauguration of Harry S. Truman">April 12, 1945</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="First inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower">January 20, 1953</a> </td> <td>7 years, 283 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>35 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (1917–1963) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:John_F._Kennedy,_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg/65px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg/98px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg/130px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1419" data-file-height="1840" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Inauguration of John F. Kennedy">January 20, 1961</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">November 22, 1963</a><a href="#cite_note-died-367">[g]</a> </td> <td>2 years, 306 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>36 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1908–1973) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg/65px-37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg/98px-37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg/130px-37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="1228" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="First inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson">November 22, 1963</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Richard_Nixon" title="First inauguration of Richard Nixon">January 20, 1969</a> </td> <td>5 years, 59 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>39 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (born 1924) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Carter_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carter_cropped.jpg/65px-Carter_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carter_cropped.jpg/98px-Carter_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carter_cropped.jpg/130px-Carter_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="1490" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Inauguration of Jimmy Carter">January 20, 1977</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="First inauguration of Ronald Reagan">January 20, 1981</a> </td> <td>4 years, 0 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>42 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (born 1946) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Clinton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bill_Clinton.jpg/65px-Bill_Clinton.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bill_Clinton.jpg/98px-Bill_Clinton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bill_Clinton.jpg/130px-Bill_Clinton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2299" data-file-height="3000" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Bill_Clinton" title="First inauguration of Bill Clinton">January 20, 1993</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_W._Bush" title="First inauguration of George W. Bush">January 20, 2001</a> </td> <td>8 years, 0 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>44 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (born 1961) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Barack_Obama_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Official_portrait_of_Barack_Obama_%28cropped%29.jpg/65px-Official_portrait_of_Barack_Obama_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Official_portrait_of_Barack_Obama_%28cropped%29.jpg/98px-Official_portrait_of_Barack_Obama_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Official_portrait_of_Barack_Obama_%28cropped%29.jpg/130px-Official_portrait_of_Barack_Obama_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1916" data-file-height="2467" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">January 20, 2009</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="First inauguration of Donald Trump">January 20, 2017</a> </td> <td>8 years, 0 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>46 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (born 1942) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/65px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/98px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/130px-Joe_Biden_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1491" data-file-height="1988" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">January 20, 2021</a> </td> <td>Incumbent </td> <td>3 years, 312 days </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recent_electoral_history">Recent electoral history</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_congressional_elections:_1950–present">In congressional elections: 1950–present</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Party_divisions_of_United_States_Congresses" title="Party divisions of United States Congresses">Party divisions of United States Congresses</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">House of Representatives </th> <td rowspan="999"> </td> <th rowspan="2">President </th> <td rowspan="999"> </td> <th colspan="3">Senate </th></tr> <tr> <th>Election year </th> <th>No. of seats won </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>No. of seats won </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Election year </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1950" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1950">1950</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">235 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 54%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 28 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">49 / 96<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 51%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 5 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1950" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1950">1950</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1952">1952</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">213 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 22 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">47 / 96<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 2 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1952">1952</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1954" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1954">1954</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">232 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 53%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 19 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">49 / 96<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 51%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 2 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1954" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1954">1954</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1956" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1956">1956</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">234 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 54%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 2 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">49 / 96<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 51%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1956" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1956">1956</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1958" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1958">1958</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">283 / 437<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 65%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 49 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">64 / 98<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 65%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 15 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1958" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1958">1958</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1960" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1960">1960</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">262 / 437<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 60%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 21 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">64 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 64%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1960" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1960">1960</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1962" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1962">1962</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">258 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 59%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 4 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">66 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 66%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 3 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1962" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1962">1962</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1964" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1964">1964</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">295 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 68%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 37 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">68 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 68%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 2 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1964" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1964">1964</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1966" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1966">1966</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">248 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 57%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 47 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">64 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 64%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 3 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1966" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1966">1966</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1968" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1968">1968</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">243 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 56%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 5 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">57 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 57%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 5 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1968" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1968">1968</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1970" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1970">1970</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">255 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 59%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 12 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">54 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 54%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 3 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1970" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1970">1970</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1972">1972</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">242 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 56%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 13 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">56 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 56%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 2 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1972">1972</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1974" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1974">1974</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">291 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 49 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">60 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 60%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 4 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1974" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1974">1974</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1976" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1976">1976</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">292 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">61 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 61%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1976" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1976">1976</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1978">1978</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">277 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 64%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 15 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">58 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 58%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 3 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1978">1978</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1980">1980</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">243 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 56%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 34 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">46 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 12 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1980">1980</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1982">1982</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">269 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 62%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 26 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">46 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1982">1982</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1984">1984</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">253 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 58%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 16 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">47 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 2 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1984">1984</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1986">1986</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">258 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 59%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 5 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">55 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 8 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1986">1986</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1988">1988</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">260 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 60%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 2 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">55 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1988">1988</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1990">1990</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">267 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 61%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 7 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">56 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 56%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1990">1990</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1992">1992</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">258 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 59%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 9 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">57 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 57%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1992">1992</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1994">1994</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">204 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 54 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">47 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 10 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1994">1994</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1996" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1996">1996</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">206 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 2 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">45 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 45%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 2 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1996" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1996">1996</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_1998" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 1998">1998</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">211 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 5 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">45 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 45%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1998" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1998">1998</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 2000">2000</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">212 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">50 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 5 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 2000">2000</a><a href="#cite_note-tie1-368">[h]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_2002" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 2002">2002</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">204 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 7 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">49 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 2 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_2002" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 2002">2002</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 2004">2004</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">202 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 2 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">45 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 45%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 4 </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 2004">2004</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 2006">2006</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">233 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 54%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 31 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">51 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 51%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 6<a href="#cite_note-ind-369">[i]</a> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 2006">2006</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 2008">2008</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">257 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 59%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 21 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">59 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 59%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 8<a href="#cite_note-ind-369">[i]</a> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 2008">2008</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 2010">2010</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">193 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 44%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 63 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">53 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 53%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 6<a href="#cite_note-ind-369">[i]</a> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 2010">2010</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 2012">2012</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">201 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 8 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">55 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 2<a href="#cite_note-ind-369">[i]</a> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 2012">2012</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 2014">2014</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">188 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 43%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 13 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">46 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 46%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 9<a href="#cite_note-ind-369">[i]</a> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 2014">2014</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 2016">2016</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">194 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 45%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 6 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">48 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 48%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 2<a href="#cite_note-ind-369">[i]</a> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 2016">2016</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 2018">2018</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">235 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 54%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 41 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">47 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1<a href="#cite_note-ind-369">[i]</a> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 2018">2018</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_2020" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 2020">2020</a> </th> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">222 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 51%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 13 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">50 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 3<a href="#cite_note-ind-369">[i]</a> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_2020" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 2020">2020</a><a href="#cite_note-tie2-370">[j]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections,_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections, 2022">2022</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">213 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 9 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><div style="width: 100px;">51 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 51%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1<a href="#cite_note-ind-369">[i]</a> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 2022">2022</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2024 United States House of Representatives elections">2024</a> </th> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">213 / 435<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <a href="#cite_note-371">[k]</a> </td> <td>TBD </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><div style="width: 100px;">47 / 100<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 4<a href="#cite_note-ind-369">[i]</a> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2024 United States Senate elections">2024</a> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_presidential_elections:_1828–present">In presidential elections: 1828–present</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets">List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets</a></div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center;">Election year </th> <th>Presidential ticket </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>Vote % </th> <th>Electoral votes </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Result </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">642,553 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">56.0 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">178 / 261<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 68%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />178 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">701,780 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">54.2 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">219 / 286<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 77%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />41 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">Richard Mentor Johnson</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">764,176 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">50.8 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">170 / 294<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 58%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />49 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election" title="1840 United States presidential election">1840</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a>/None<a href="#cite_note-372">[l]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1,128,854 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">46.8 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">60 / 294<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 20%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />110 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election" title="1844 United States presidential election">1844</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">George M. Dallas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1,339,494 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">49.5 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">170 / 275<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 62%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />110 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_O._Butler" title="William O. Butler">William O. Butler</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1,223,460 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">42.5 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">127 / 290<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 44%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />43 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">William R. King</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1,607,510 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">50.8 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">254 / 296<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 86%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />127 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="1856 United States presidential election">1856</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">John C. Breckinridge</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1,836,072 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">45.3 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">174 / 296<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 59%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />80 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Stephen A. Douglas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Herschel_Vespasian_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Herschel Vespasian Johnson">Herschel V. Johnson</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1,380,202 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">29.5 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">12 / 303<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />162 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">1864</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">George B. McClellan</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">George H. Pendleton</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1,812,807 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">45.0 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">21 / 233<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />9 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1868_United_States_presidential_election" title="1868 United States presidential election">1868</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour" title="Horatio Seymour">Horatio Seymour</a>/<a href="/wiki/Francis_Preston_Blair_Jr." title="Francis Preston Blair Jr.">Francis Preston Blair Jr.</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2,706,829 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">47.3 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">80 / 294<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 27%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />59 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election" title="1872 United States presidential election">1872</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Horace Greeley</a>/<a href="/wiki/Benjamin_G._Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin G. Brown">Benjamin G. Brown</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republican</a>) </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2,834,761 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">43.8 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">69 / 352<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 20%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />11 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election" title="1876 United States presidential election">1876</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Tilden" title="Samuel J. Tilden">Samuel J. Tilden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Thomas A. Hendricks</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4,288,546 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">50.9 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">184 / 369<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />115 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost<a href="#cite_note-373">[A]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election" title="1880 United States presidential election">1880</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Winfield Scott Hancock</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_H._English" class="mw-redirect" title="William H. English">William H. English</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4,444,260 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">48.2 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">155 / 369<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 42%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />29 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Thomas A. Hendricks</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4,914,482 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">48.9 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">219 / 401<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />64 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election" title="1888 United States presidential election">1888</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Thurman" title="Allen G. Thurman">Allen G. Thurman</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5,534,488 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">48.6 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">168 / 401<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 42%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />51 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost<a href="#cite_note-374">[B]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Adlai Stevenson I</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5,556,918 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">46.0 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">277 / 444<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 62%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />109 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election" title="1896 United States presidential election">1896</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sewall" title="Arthur Sewall">Arthur Sewall</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6,509,052 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">46.7 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">176 / 447<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 39%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />101 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election" title="1900 United States presidential election">1900</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Adlai Stevenson I</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6,370,932 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">45.5 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">155 / 447<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 35%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />21 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election" title="1904 United States presidential election">1904</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Alton B. Parker</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_G._Davis" title="Henry G. Davis">Henry G. Davis</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5,083,880 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">37.6 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">140 / 476<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />15 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election" title="1908 United States presidential election">1908</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">John W. Kern</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6,408,984 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">43.0 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">162 / 483<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 34%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />22 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Thomas R. Marshall</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6,296,284 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">41.8 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">435 / 531<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 82%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />273 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Thomas R. Marshall</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9,126,868 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">49.2 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">277 / 531<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 52%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />158 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_M._Cox" title="James M. Cox">James M. Cox</a>/<a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9,139,661 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">34.2 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">127 / 531<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 24%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />150 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">John W. Davis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Bryan" title="Charles W. Bryan">Charles W. Bryan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8,386,242 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">28.8 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">136 / 531<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 26%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />9 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="1928 United States presidential election">1928</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Al Smith</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Joseph T. Robinson</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">15,015,464 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">40.8 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">87 / 531<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />49 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">John Nance Garner</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">22,821,277 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">57.4 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">472 / 531<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 89%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />385 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">John Nance Garner</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">27,747,636 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">60.8 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">523 / 531<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 98%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />51 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry A. Wallace</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">27,313,945 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">54.7 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">449 / 531<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 85%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />74 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">25,612,916 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">53.4 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">432 / 531<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 81%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />17 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Alben W. Barkley</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">24,179,347 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">49.6 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">303 / 531<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 57%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />129 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson II</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">John Sparkman</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">27,375,090 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">44.3 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">89 / 531<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />214 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson II</a>/<a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Estes Kefauver</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">26,028,028 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">42.0 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">73 / 531<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />16 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">34,220,984 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">49.7 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">303 / 537<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 56%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />230 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">43,127,041 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">61.1 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">486 / 538<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 90%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />183 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a>/<a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Edmund Muskie</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">31,271,839 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">42.7 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">191 / 538<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 36%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />295 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Sargent Shriver</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">29,173,222 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">37.5 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">17 / 538<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />174 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">40,831,881 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">50.1 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">297 / 538<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />280 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">35,480,115 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">41.0 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">49 / 538<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />248 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a>/<a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Geraldine Ferraro</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">37,577,352 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">40.6 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">13 / 538<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />36 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Michael Dukakis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Lloyd Bentsen</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">41,809,074 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">45.6 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">111 / 538<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />98 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">44,909,806 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">43.0 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">370 / 538<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 69%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />259 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">47,401,185 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">49.2 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">379 / 538<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 70%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />9 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">50,999,897 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">48.4 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">266 / 538<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 49%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />113 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost<a href="#cite_note-375">[C]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">John Edwards</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">59,028,444 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">48.3 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">251 / 538<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />15 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">69,498,516 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">52.9 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">365 / 538<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 68%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />114 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">65,915,795 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">51.1 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">332 / 538<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 62%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />33 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Tim Kaine</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">65,853,514 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">48.2 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">227 / 538<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 42%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />105 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost<a href="#cite_note-376">[D]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">81,268,924 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">51.3 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">306 / 538<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 57%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />79 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Tim Walz</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">TBD </td> <td style="text-align:center;">TBD </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><div style="width: 100px;">226 / 538<div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #3333FF; width: 42%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />80 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/26px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/39px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/52px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Liberalism" title="Portal:Liberalism">Liberalism portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)_organizations" title="Democratic Party (United States) organizations">Democratic Party (United States) organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="List of political parties in the United States">List of political parties in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential candidates">List of United States Democratic Party presidential candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets">List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_U.S._states" title="Political party strength in U.S. states">Political party strength in U.S. states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_major_liberal_parties_considered_centre-left" title="List of major liberal parties considered centre-left">List of major liberal parties considered centre-left</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Manifesto_Project_Database" title="Manifesto Project Database">Manifesto Project Database</a> MARPOR <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visuals.manifesto-project.wzb.eu/mpdb-shiny/cmp_dashboard/">dataset</a> for 2020, the Democratic Party has a RILE score of -24.662, putting it within the range of being a <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">center</a> to <a href="/wiki/Center-left_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Center-left politics">center-left</a> party. Historically, it has classified the party as centrist or <a href="/wiki/Center-right_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Center-right politics">center-right</a>, but the database has noted a relatively recent shift to the left in the party's politics. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] <a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <a href="#cite_note-11">[a]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> There are 47 senators who are members of the party; however, four <a href="/wiki/Independent_Democrat" title="Independent Democrat">independent</a> senators, <a href="/wiki/Angus_King" title="Angus King">Angus King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Manchin_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Manchin III">Joe Manchin III</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kyrsten_Sinema" title="Kyrsten Sinema">Kyrsten Sinema</a> caucus with the Democrats, effectively giving the Democrats a 51–49 majority. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> in 1884 and 1892 </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> All three incumbents in the 20th century to withdraw or not seek reelection—Calvin Coolidge, Harry S. Truman, and Lyndon B. Johnson—had succeeded to the presidency when their predecessor died, then won a second term in their own right.<a href="#cite_note-Klassen-2024-125">[121]</a> Three presidents in the 1800s made and kept pledges to serve only one term, most recently <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[122]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-366"><a href="#cite_ref-366">^</a> Elected as Vice President with the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="National Union Party (United States)">National Union Party</a> ticket in the 1864 presidential election. Ascended to the presidency after the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Rejoined the Democratic Party in 1868. </li> <li id="cite_note-died-367">^ <a href="#cite_ref-died_367-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-died_367-1">b</a> Died in office. </li> <li id="cite_note-tie1-368"><a href="#cite_ref-tie1_368-0">^</a> Republican Vice President <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a> provided a <a href="/wiki/List_of_tie-breaking_votes_cast_by_the_vice_president_of_the_United_States" title="List of tie-breaking votes cast by the vice president of the United States">tie-breaking vote</a>, giving Republicans a majority until June 6, 2001, when <a href="/wiki/Jim_Jeffords" title="Jim Jeffords">Jim Jeffords</a> left Republicans to join the Democratic Caucus. </li> <li id="cite_note-ind-369">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ind_369-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ind_369-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ind_369-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ind_369-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ind_369-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ind_369-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ind_369-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ind_369-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ind_369-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ind_369-9">j</a> Includes <a href="/wiki/Independent_Democrat" title="Independent Democrat">Independents caucusing with the Democrats</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-tie2-370"><a href="#cite_ref-tie2_370-0">^</a> Democratic Vice President <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> provided a <a href="/wiki/List_of_tie-breaking_votes_cast_by_the_vice_president_of_the_United_States" title="List of tie-breaking votes cast by the vice president of the United States">tie-breaking vote</a>, giving Democrats a majority throughout the <a href="/wiki/117th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="117th Congress">117th Congress</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-371"><a href="#cite_ref-371">^</a> As of November 24, according to DDHQ. </li> <li id="cite_note-372"><a href="#cite_ref-372">^</a> While there was no official Democratic nominee, the majority of the Democratic electors still cast their electoral votes for incumbent Vice President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">Richard Mentor Johnson</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-373"><a href="#cite_ref-373">^</a> Although Tilden won a majority of the popular vote, Republican <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a> won a majority of votes in the Electoral College. </li> <li id="cite_note-374"><a href="#cite_ref-374">^</a> Although Cleveland won a <a href="/wiki/Plurality_(voting)" title="Plurality (voting)">plurality</a> of the popular vote, Republican <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a> won a majority of votes in the Electoral College. </li> <li id="cite_note-375"><a href="#cite_ref-375">^</a> Although Gore won a <a href="/wiki/Plurality_(voting)" title="Plurality (voting)">plurality</a> of the popular vote, Republican <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> won a majority of votes in the Electoral College. </li> <li id="cite_note-376"><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a> Although Clinton won a <a href="/wiki/Plurality_(voting)" title="Plurality (voting)">plurality</a> of the popular vote, Republican <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> won a majority of votes in the Electoral College. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://democrats.org/who-we-are/about-the-democratic-party/">"About the Democratic Party"</a>. Democrats. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220406235005/https://democrats.org/who-we-are/about-the-democratic-party/">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022. <q>For 171 years, [the Democratic National Committee] has been responsible for governing the Democratic Party</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Democrats&rft.atitle=About+the+Democratic+Party&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdemocrats.org%2Fwho-we-are%2Fabout-the-democratic-party%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDemocratic_Party2022" class="citation web cs1">Democratic Party (March 12, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://democrats.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/DNC-Charter-Bylaws-03.12.2022.pdf#page=5">"The Charter & The Bylaws of the Democratic Party of the United States"</a> (PDF). p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220327022920/https://democrats.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/DNC-Charter-Bylaws-03.12.2022.pdf#page=5">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2022. Retrieved April 15, 2022. <q>The Democratic National Committee shall have general responsibility for the affairs of the Democratic Party between National Conventions</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Charter+%26+The+Bylaws+of+the+Democratic+Party+of+the+United+States&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2022-03-12&rft.au=Democratic+Party&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdemocrats.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F03%2FDNC-Charter-Bylaws-03.12.2022.pdf%23page%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole1970" class="citation book cs1">Cole, Donald B. (1970). Jacksonian Democracy in New Hampshire, 1800–1851. Harvard University Press. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-67-428368-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-67-428368-8"><bdi>978-0-67-428368-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jacksonian+Democracy+in+New+Hampshire%2C+1800%E2%80%931851&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-67-428368-8&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Donald+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sarnold-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sarnold_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sarnold_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sarnold_4-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold2009" class="citation book cs1">Arnold, N. Scott (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201002180929/https://books.google.com/books?id=xGNRRwkZFysC&hl=en">Imposing values: an essay on liberalism and regulation</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780495501121" title="Special:BookSources/9780495501121"><bdi>9780495501121</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xGNRRwkZFysC">the original</a> on October 2, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2020. <q>Modern liberalism occupies the left-of-center in the traditional political spectrum and is represented by the Democratic Party in the United States.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imposing+values%3A+an+essay+on+liberalism+and+regulation&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780495501121&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=N.+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxGNRRwkZFysC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> Cite error: The named reference "sarnold" was defined multiple times with different content (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_duplicate_key" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references duplicate key">help page</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-Bacon-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Bacon_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBacon2019" class="citation news cs1">Bacon, Perry Jr. (March 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-six-wings-of-the-democratic-party/">"The Six Wings Of The Democratic Party"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FiveThirtyEight" title="FiveThirtyEight">FiveThirtyEight</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815092648/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-six-wings-of-the-democratic-party/">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FiveThirtyEight&rft.atitle=The+Six+Wings+Of+The+Democratic+Party&rft.date=2019-03-11&rft.aulast=Bacon&rft.aufirst=Perry+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffivethirtyeight.com%2Ffeatures%2Fthe-six-wings-of-the-democratic-party%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SteinCornwellTanfani2018-6"><a href="#cite_ref-SteinCornwellTanfani2018_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinCornwellTanfani2018" class="citation news cs1">Stein, Letita; Cornwell, Susan; Tanfani, Joseph (August 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-progressives-specialrepo/inside-the-progressive-movement-roiling-the-democratic-party-idUSKCN1L81GI">"Inside the progressive movement roiling the Democratic Party"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220613163545/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-progressives-specialrepo/inside-the-progressive-movement-roiling-the-democratic-party-idUSKCN1L81GI">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2022. Retrieved June 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Inside+the+progressive+movement+roiling+the+Democratic+Party&rft.date=2018-08-23&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Letita&rft.au=Cornwell%2C+Susan&rft.au=Tanfani%2C+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-election-progressives-specialrepo%2Finside-the-progressive-movement-roiling-the-democratic-party-idUSKCN1L81GI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRae2007" class="citation journal cs1">Rae, Nicol C. (June 2007). "Be Careful What You Wish For: The Rise of Responsible Parties in American National Politics". Annual Review of Political Science. 10 (1). <a href="/wiki/Annual_Reviews_(publisher)" title="Annual Reviews (publisher)">Annual Reviews</a>: 169–191. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.polisci.10.071105.100750">10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.071105.100750</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1094-2939">1094-2939</a>. <q>What are we to make of American parties at the dawn of the twenty-first century? ... The impact of the 1960s civil rights revolution has been to create two more ideologically coherent parties: a generally liberal or center-left party and a conservative party.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=Be+Careful+What+You+Wish+For%3A+The+Rise+of+Responsible+Parties+in+American+National+Politics&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=169-191&rft.date=2007-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.polisci.10.071105.100750&rft.issn=1094-2939&rft.aulast=Rae&rft.aufirst=Nicol+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCroninRossShoch2011" class="citation book cs1">Cronin, James E.; Ross, George W.; Shoch, James (August 24, 2011). "Introduction: The New World of the Center-Left". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9O15MzNKMuoC">What's Left of the Left: Democrats and Social Democrats in Challenging Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-5079-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-5079-8"><bdi>978-0-8223-5079-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240820005545/https://books.google.com/books?id=9O15MzNKMuoC">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2024. Retrieved August 7, 2024. pp. 17, 22, 182: <q>Including the American Democratic Party in a comparative analysis of center-left parties is unorthodox, since unlike Europe, America has not produced a socialist movement tied to a strong union movement. Yet the Democrats may have become center-left before anyone else, obliged by their different historical trajectory to build complex alliances with social groups other than the working class and to deal with unusually powerful capitalists ... Taken together, the three chapters devoted to the United States show that the center-left in America faces much the same set of problems as elsewhere and, especially in light of the election results from 2008, that the Democratic Party's potential to win elections, despite its current slide in approval, may be at least equal to that of any center-left party in Europe ... Despite the setback in the 2010 midterms, together the foregoing trends have put the Democrats in a position to eventually build a dominant center-left majority in the United States.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+The+New+World+of+the+Center-Left&rft.btitle=What%27s+Left+of+the+Left%3A+Democrats+and+Social+Democrats+in+Challenging+Times&rft.pages=17%2C+22%2C+182&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2011-08-24&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-5079-8&rft.aulast=Cronin&rft.aufirst=James+E.&rft.au=Ross%2C+George+W.&rft.au=Shoch%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9O15MzNKMuoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruner2018" class="citation journal cs1">Bruner, Christopher M. (2018). "Center-Left Politics and Corporate Governance: What Is the 'Progressive' Agenda?". <a href="/wiki/BYU_Law_Review" title="BYU Law Review">BYU Law Review</a>. 2018 (2). <a href="/wiki/Digital_Commons_(Elsevier)" title="Digital Commons (Elsevier)">Digital Commons</a>: 267–334. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2139%2Fssrn.2917253">10.2139/ssrn.2917253</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2162-8572">2162-8572</a>. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2917253">2917253</a>. <q>This article has argued that a widespread and fundamental reorientation of the Democratic Party toward decidedly centrist national politics over recent decades fundamentally altered the role of corporate governance, and related issues, in the project of assembling a competitive electoral coalition.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYU+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Center-Left+Politics+and+Corporate+Governance%3A+What+Is+the+%27Progressive%27+Agenda%3F&rft.volume=2018&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=267-334&rft.date=2018&rft.issn=2162-8572&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D2917253%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2139%2Fssrn.2917253&rft.aulast=Bruner&rft.aufirst=Christopher+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHackerMalpasPiersonZacher2023" class="citation journal cs1">Hacker, Jacob S.; Malpas, Amelia; Pierson, Paul; Zacher, Sam (December 27, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1537592723002931">"Bridging the Blue Divide: The Democrats' New Metro Coalition and the Unexpected Prominence of Redistribution"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Perspectives_on_Politics" title="Perspectives on Politics">Perspectives on Politics</a>. 22 (3). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a> on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/American_Political_Science_Association" title="American Political Science Association">American Political Science Association</a>: 3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1537592723002931">10.1017/S1537592723002931</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1537-5927">1537-5927</a>. <q>We conclude by considering why Democrats have taken this course, why they are not perceived as having done so, and why, at this fraught juncture for American democratic capitalism, political scientists could learn much from closer examination of the rich world's largest center-left party.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perspectives+on+Politics&rft.atitle=Bridging+the+Blue+Divide%3A+The+Democrats%27+New+Metro+Coalition+and+the+Unexpected+Prominence+of+Redistribution&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2023-12-27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1537592723002931&rft.issn=1537-5927&rft.aulast=Hacker&rft.aufirst=Jacob+S.&rft.au=Malpas%2C+Amelia&rft.au=Pierson%2C+Paul&rft.au=Zacher%2C+Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS1537592723002931&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lucas-2014-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lucas-2014_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lucas-2014_14-1">b</a> M. Philip Lucas, "Martin Van Buren as Party Leader and at Andrew Jackson's Right Hand." in A Companion to the Antebellum Presidents 1837–1861 (2014): 107–129. </li> <li id="cite_note-Janda-2010-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Janda-2010_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Janda-2010_15-1">b</a> "The Democratic Party, founded in 1828, is the world's oldest political party" states <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJandaBerryGoldman2010" class="citation book cs1">Janda, Kenneth; Berry, Jeffrey M.; Goldman, Jerry (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jandachallengeof00houg">The Challenge of Democracy: American Government in Global Politics</a>. Cengage Learning. p. 276. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780495906186" title="Special:BookSources/9780495906186"><bdi>9780495906186</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Challenge+of+Democracy%3A+American+Government+in+Global+Politics&rft.pages=276&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780495906186&rft.aulast=Janda&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.au=Berry%2C+Jeffrey+M.&rft.au=Goldman%2C+Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjandachallengeof00houg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kazin-2022-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kazin-2022_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kazin-2022_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kazin-2022_16-2">c</a> Michael Kazin, What It Took to Win: A History of the Democratic Party (2022) pp 5, 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-Holt-1992-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holt-1992_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holt-1992_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolt1992" class="citation book cs1">Holt, Michael F. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VEhYhbouR3QC&pg=PA27">Political Parties and American Political Development: From the Age of Jackson to the Age of Lincoln</a>. <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University_Press" title="Louisiana State University Press">Louisiana State University Press</a>. pp. 27–28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0807126097" title="Special:BookSources/978-0807126097"><bdi>978-0807126097</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405015907/https://books.google.com/books?id=VEhYhbouR3QC&pg=PA27">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2023. Retrieved March 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Parties+and+American+Political+Development%3A+From+the+Age+of+Jackson+to+the+Age+of+Lincoln&rft.pages=27-28&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0807126097&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=Michael+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVEhYhbouR3QC%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-2023-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB-2023_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB-2023_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB-2023_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB-2023_18-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB-2023_18-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB-2023_18-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff" class="citation web cs1">Staff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/United-States/Jacksonian-democracy">"Jacksonian Democracy: The Democratization of Politics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220712100142/https://www.britannica.com/place/United-States/Jacksonian-democracy">Archived</a> from the original on July 12, 2022. Retrieved October 6, 2022. <q>By the 1840s, Whig and Democratic congressmen voted as rival blocs. Whigs supported and Democrats opposed a weak executive, a new Bank of the United States, a high tariff, distribution of land revenues to the states, relief legislation to mitigate the effects of the depression, and federal reapportionment of House seats. Whigs voted against and Democrats approved an independent treasury, an aggressive foreign policy, and expansionism. These were important issues, capable of dividing the electorate just as they divided the major parties in Congress.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Jacksonian+Democracy%3A+The+Democratization+of+Politics&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FUnited-States%2FJacksonian-democracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bates-2015-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bates-2015_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bates-2015_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBates2015" class="citation book cs1">Bates, Christopher (2015). The Early Republic and Antebellum America: An Encyclopedia of Social, Political, Cultural, and Economic History. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. p. 293. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317457404" title="Special:BookSources/9781317457404"><bdi>9781317457404</bdi></a>. <q>The expansion engineered by Polk rendered the Democratic Party increasingly beholden to Southern slave interests, which dominated the party from 1848 to the Civil War.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Republic+and+Antebellum+America%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Social%2C+Political%2C+Cultural%2C+and+Economic+History&rft.pages=293&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781317457404&rft.aulast=Bates&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeer1992" class="citation journal cs1">Geer, John G. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/586295">"New Deal Issues and the American Electorate, 1952–1988"</a>. Political Behavior. 14 (1): 45–65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00993508">10.1007/BF00993508</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1803%2F4054">1803/4054</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-9320">0190-9320</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/586295">586295</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144817362">144817362</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211229012045/https://www.jstor.org/stable/586295">Archived</a> from the original on December 29, 2021. Retrieved August 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Behavior&rft.atitle=New+Deal+Issues+and+the+American+Electorate%2C+1952%E2%80%931988&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=45-65&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1803%2F4054&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F586295%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00993508&rft.issn=0190-9320&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144817362%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Geer&rft.aufirst=John+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F586295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-egrigsby-22"><a href="#cite_ref-egrigsby_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrigsby2008" class="citation book cs1">Grigsby, Ellen (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201002180930/https://books.google.com/books?id=xGNRRwkZFysC&hl=en">Analyzing Politics: An Introduction to Political Science</a>. Cengage Learning. pp. 106–107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780495501121" title="Special:BookSources/9780495501121"><bdi>9780495501121</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xGNRRwkZFysC">the original</a> on October 2, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2020. <q>In the United States, the Democratic Party represents itself as the liberal alternative to the Republicans, but its liberalism is for the most part the later version of liberalism—modern liberalism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Analyzing+Politics%3A+An+Introduction+to+Political+Science&rft.pages=106-107&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780495501121&rft.aulast=Grigsby&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxGNRRwkZFysC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrendergast1999" class="citation book cs1">Prendergast, William B. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B9nFwo5B1BQC">The Catholic Voter in American Politics: The Passing of the Democratic Monolith</a>. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87840-724-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87840-724-8"><bdi>978-0-87840-724-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231009095426/https://books.google.com/books?id=B9nFwo5B1BQC">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2023. Retrieved July 25, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Catholic+Voter+in+American+Politics%3A+The+Passing+of+the+Democratic+Monolith&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Georgetown+University&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-87840-724-8&rft.aulast=Prendergast&rft.aufirst=William+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB9nFwo5B1BQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarlin2004" class="citation book cs1">Marlin, George J. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americancatholic0000marl_2006">The American Catholic Voter: 200 Years of Political Impact</a>. South Bend, Indiana: St. Augustine. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58731-029-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58731-029-4"><bdi>978-1-58731-029-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved April 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Catholic+Voter%3A+200+Years+of+Political+Impact&rft.place=South+Bend%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=St.+Augustine&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-58731-029-4&rft.aulast=Marlin&rft.aufirst=George+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericancatholic0000marl_2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Michael Corbett et al. Politics and Religion in the United States (2nd ed. 2013). </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZeitz2023" class="citation news cs1">Zeitz, Joshua (October 16, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2023/10/16/broken-congress-history-00121564">"The 'Unprecedented' House GOP Meltdown Isn't as Novel as You Think. And There Is a Way Out"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231016094650/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2023/10/16/broken-congress-history-00121564">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2023. Retrieved October 16, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+%27Unprecedented%27+House+GOP+Meltdown+Isn%27t+as+Novel+as+You+Think.+And+There+Is+a+Way+Out.&rft.date=2023-10-16&rft.aulast=Zeitz&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2Fmagazine%2F2023%2F10%2F16%2Fbroken-congress-history-00121564&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZelizer2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Zelizer, Julian E. (February 15, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/medicare-made">"How Medicare Was Made"</a>. The New Yorker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150304221801/https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/medicare-made">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2015. Retrieved August 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=How+Medicare+Was+Made&rft.date=2015-02-15&rft.aulast=Zelizer&rft.aufirst=Julian+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fnews-desk%2Fmedicare-made&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gallup2010-28"><a href="#cite_ref-gallup2010_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gallup.com/poll/120839/Women-Likely-Democrats-Regardless-Age.aspx">"Women More Likely to Be Democrats, Regardless of Age"</a>. Gallup. June 12, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100614010429/http://www.gallup.com/poll/120839/Women-Likely-Democrats-Regardless-Age.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2010. Retrieved June 17, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Women+More+Likely+to+Be+Democrats%2C+Regardless+of+Age&rft.pub=Gallup&rft.date=2009-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F120839%2FWomen-Likely-Democrats-Regardless-Age.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kullgren-2020-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kullgren-2020_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kullgren-2020_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKullgren2020" class="citation web cs1">Kullgren, Ian (November 10, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.bloomberglaw.com/daily-labor-report/union-workers-werent-a-lock-for-biden-heres-why-that-matters">"Union Workers Weren't a Lock for Biden. Here's Why That Matters"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Law" title="Bloomberg Law">Bloomberg Law</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221103045842/https://news.bloomberglaw.com/daily-labor-report/union-workers-werent-a-lock-for-biden-heres-why-that-matters">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+Law&rft.atitle=Union+Workers+Weren%27t+a+Lock+for+Biden.+Here%27s+Why+That+Matters&rft.date=2020-11-10&rft.aulast=Kullgren&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.bloomberglaw.com%2Fdaily-labor-report%2Funion-workers-werent-a-lock-for-biden-heres-why-that-matters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank2016" class="citation book cs1">Frank, Thomas (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/listenliberalorw0000fran">Listen, liberal, or, What ever happened to the party of the people?</a> (First ed.). New York: Henry Holt and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62779-539-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62779-539-5"><bdi>978-1-62779-539-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/908628802">908628802</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Listen%2C+liberal%2C+or%2C+What+ever+happened+to+the+party+of+the+people%3F&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F908628802&rft.isbn=978-1-62779-539-5&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flistenliberalorw0000fran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hale-1995-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hale-1995_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hale-1995_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHale1995" class="citation journal cs1">Hale, Jon F. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2152360">"The Making of the New Democrats"</a>. Political Science Quarterly. 110 (2): 207–232. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2152360">10.2307/2152360</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0032-3195">0032-3195</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2152360">2152360</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212194604/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2152360">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220824024151/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/19/magazine/the-clinton-principle.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 24, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Clinton+Principle&rft.date=1997-01-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Wills&rft.aufirst=Garry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1997%2F01%2F19%2Fmagazine%2Fthe-clinton-principle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdsall1998" class="citation news cs1">Edsall, Thomas B. (June 28, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1998/06/28/clinton-and-blair-envision-a-third-way-international-movement/0bc00486-bd6d-4da4-a970-5255d7aa25d8/">"Clinton and Blair envision a 'Third Way' international movement"</a>. Washington Post. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127213150/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1998/06/28/clinton-and-blair-envision-a-third-way-international-movement/0bc00486-bd6d-4da4-a970-5255d7aa25d8/">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Clinton+and+Blair+envision+a+%27Third+Way%27+international+movement&rft.date=1998-06-28&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Edsall&rft.aufirst=Thomas+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1998%2F06%2F28%2Fclinton-and-blair-envision-a-third-way-international-movement%2F0bc00486-bd6d-4da4-a970-5255d7aa25d8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hacker-2024-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hacker-2024_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hacker-2024_34-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHackerMalpasPiersonZacher2024" class="citation journal cs1">Hacker, Jacob S.; Malpas, Amelia; Pierson, Paul; Zacher, Sam (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1537592723002931">"Bridging the Blue Divide: The Democrats' New Metro Coalition and the Unexpected Prominence of Redistribution"</a>. Perspectives on Politics. 22 (3): 609–629. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1537592723002931">10.1017/S1537592723002931</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1537-5927">1537-5927</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perspectives+on+Politics&rft.atitle=Bridging+the+Blue+Divide%3A+The+Democrats%27+New+Metro+Coalition+and+the+Unexpected+Prominence+of+Redistribution&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=609-629&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1537592723002931&rft.issn=1537-5927&rft.aulast=Hacker&rft.aufirst=Jacob+S.&rft.au=Malpas%2C+Amelia&rft.au=Pierson%2C+Paul&rft.au=Zacher%2C+Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS1537592723002931&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gerstle2022-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gerstle2022_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gerstle2022_35-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerstle2022" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Gerstle" title="Gary Gerstle">Gerstle, Gary</a> (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-neoliberal-order-9780197519646?cc=us&lang=en&">The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order: America and the World in the Free Market Era</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0197519646" title="Special:BookSources/978-0197519646"><bdi>978-0197519646</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220626220259/https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-neoliberal-order-9780197519646?cc=us&lang=en&">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2024. <q>The most sweeping account of how neoliberalism came to dominate American politics for nearly a half century before crashing against the forces of Trumpism on the right and a new progressivism on the left.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Neoliberal+Order%3A+America+and+the+World+in+the+Free+Market+Era&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0197519646&rft.aulast=Gerstle&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2Facademic%2Fproduct%2Fthe-rise-and-fall-of-the-neoliberal-order-9780197519646%3Fcc%3Dus%26lang%3Den%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurn-Murdoch2024" class="citation web cs1">Burn-Murdoch, John (November 15, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/73a1836d-0faa-4c84-b973-554e2ca3a227">"Trump broke the Democrats' thermostat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. Retrieved November 15, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+broke+the+Democrats%E2%80%99+thermostat&rft.date=2024-11-15&rft.aulast=Burn-Murdoch&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F73a1836d-0faa-4c84-b973-554e2ca3a227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-McGreal-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McGreal_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGreal_37-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGreal2018" class="citation news cs1">McGreal, Chris (November 11, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/nov/10/democrats-iowa-kansas-rural-votes-scholten-king">"Can Democrats ever win back white, rural America?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190308080818/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/nov/10/democrats-iowa-kansas-rural-votes-scholten-king">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2019. Retrieved March 7, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Can+Democrats+ever+win+back+white%2C+rural+America%3F&rft.date=2018-11-11&rft.aulast=McGreal&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2018%2Fnov%2F10%2Fdemocrats-iowa-kansas-rural-votes-scholten-king&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cities-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cities_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cities_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cities_38-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2019" class="citation web cs1">Thompson, Derek (September 13, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/09/brief-history-how-democrats-conquered-city/597955/">"How Democrats Conquered the City"</a>. The Atlantic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200307075726/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/09/brief-history-how-democrats-conquered-city/597955/">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=How+Democrats+Conquered+the+City&rft.date=2019-09-13&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fideas%2Farchive%2F2019%2F09%2Fbrief-history-how-democrats-conquered-city%2F597955%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Polarization_by_education-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Polarization_by_education_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Polarization_by_education_39-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Polarization_by_education_39-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Polarization_by_education_39-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Polarization_by_education_39-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Polarization_by_education_39-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/united-states/2024/10/13/polarisation-by-education-is-remaking-american-politics">"Polarisation by education is remaking American politics"</a>. The Economist. October 13, 2024. <q>From 1952 to 2000, a majority of white voters with college degrees self-identified as Republicans. Starting with the 2012 election, this affiliation began to weaken. It loosened even more once [Donald] Trump became the Republican standard-bearer in 2016. By 2020, the college-educated called themselves Democrats by a 2:1 margin. And there were many more of them; their share of the electorate rose from 8% in 1952 to 40% in 2020. Had the party held on to the rest of its support, this would have ensured an enduring majority. Yet at the same time, Democrats lost support among whites without college degrees. They now favour Republicans by their own margin of 2:1.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Polarisation+by+education+is+remaking+American+politics&rft.date=2024-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Funited-states%2F2024%2F10%2F13%2Fpolarisation-by-education-is-remaking-american-politics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Polarized_by_Degrees-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Polarized_by_Degrees_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Polarized_by_Degrees_40-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Polarized_by_Degrees_40-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Polarized_by_Degrees_40-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossmannHopkins" class="citation web cs1">Grossmann, Matt; Hopkins, David A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/us/universitypress/subjects/politics-international-relations/american-government-politics-and-policy/polarized-degrees-how-diploma-divide-and-culture-war-transformed-american-politics#contentsTabAnchor">"Polarized by Degrees: How the Diploma Divide and the Culture War Transformed American Politics"</a>. 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Retrieved May 23, 2024. <q>Democrats have become the home of highly-educated citizens with progressive social views who prefer credentialed experts to make policy decisions, while Republicans have become the populist champions of white voters without college degrees who increasingly distrust teachers, scientists, journalists, universities, non-profit organizations, and even corporations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.atitle=Polarized+by+Degrees%3A+How+the+Diploma+Divide+and+the+Culture+War+Transformed+American+Politics&rft.aulast=Grossmann&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft.au=Hopkins%2C+David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fus%2Funiversitypress%2Fsubjects%2Fpolitics-international-relations%2Famerican-government-politics-and-policy%2Fpolarized-degrees-how-diploma-divide-and-culture-war-transformed-american-politics%23contentsTabAnchor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nymag.com-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nymag.com_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nymag.com_41-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nymag.com_41-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nymag.com_41-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nymag.com_41-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevitz2022" class="citation web cs1">Levitz, Eric (October 19, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/10/education-polarization-diploma-divide-democratic-party-working-class.html">"How the Diploma Divide Is Remaking American Politics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York Intelligencer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221020215535/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/10/education-polarization-diploma-divide-democratic-party-working-class.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2022. 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Baker, Affairs of Party: Political Culture of Northern Democrats in the Mid-nineteenth Century (1983) </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> David M. Potter. The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861 (1976). ch. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Mark E. Neely. Lincoln and the Democrats: The Politics of Opposition in the Civil War (2017). </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> Rutland, The Democrats: From Jefferson to Clinton (1995) ch. 5–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Robert W. Cherny, A Righteous Cause: The Life of William Jennings Bryan (1994) </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> H.W. Brands, Woodrow Wilson (2003). </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Douglas B. Craig, After Wilson: The Struggle for the Democratic Party, 1920–1934 (1993) </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_C._Davis" title="Kenneth C. Davis">Davis, Kenneth C.</a> (2003). Don't Know Much About History: Everything You Need to Know About American History but Never Learned (1st ed.). New York: HarperCollins. pp. 321, 341. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-008381-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-008381-6"><bdi>978-0-06-008381-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Don%27t+Know+Much+About+History%3A+Everything+You+Need+to+Know+About+American+History+but+Never+Learned&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=321%2C+341&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-06-008381-6&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllen_Russell2007" class="citation book cs1">Ellen Russell (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qzOUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4">New Deal Banking Reforms and Keynesian Welfare State Capitalism</a>. Routledge. pp. 3–4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135910655" title="Special:BookSources/9781135910655"><bdi>9781135910655</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201002180941/https://books.google.com/books?id=qzOUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Deal+Banking+Reforms+and+Keynesian+Welfare+State+Capitalism&rft.pages=3-4&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781135910655&rft.au=Ellen+Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqzOUAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> Rutland, The Democrats: From Jefferson to Clinton (1995) ch. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945 (2001). </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> Paul Finkelman and Peter Wallenstein, eds. The Encyclopedia Of American Political History (CQ Press, 2001) pp. 124–126. </li> <li id="cite_note-Regional_Variations_in_the_Realignment_of_American_Politics,_1944–2004-88"><a href="#cite_ref-Regional_Variations_in_the_Realignment_of_American_Politics,_1944–2004_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBullockHoffmanGaddie2006" class="citation journal cs1">Bullock, Charles S.; Hoffman, Donna R.; Gaddie, Ronald Keith (2006). "Regional Variations in the Realignment of American Politics, 1944–2004". Social Science Quarterly. 87 (3): 494–518. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1540-6237.2006.00393.x">10.1111/j.1540-6237.2006.00393.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0038-4941">0038-4941</a>. <q>The events of 1964 laid open the divisions between the South and national Democrats and elicited distinctly different voter behavior in the two regions. The agitation for civil rights by southern blacks continued white violence toward the civil rights movement, and President Lyndon Johnson's aggressive leadership all facilitated passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. ... In the South, 1964 should be associated with GOP growth while in the Northeast this election contributed to the eradication of Republicans.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Regional+Variations+in+the+Realignment+of+American+Politics%2C+1944%E2%80%932004&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=494-518&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1540-6237.2006.00393.x&rft.issn=0038-4941&rft.aulast=Bullock&rft.aufirst=Charles+S.&rft.au=Hoffman%2C+Donna+R.&rft.au=Gaddie%2C+Ronald+Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley1988" class="citation journal cs1">Stanley, Harold W. (1988). "Southern Partisan Changes: Dealignment, Realignment or Both?". The Journal of Politics. 50 (1): 64–88. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2131041">10.2307/2131041</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-3816">0022-3816</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2131041">2131041</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154860857">154860857</a>. <q>Events surrounding the presidential election of 1964 marked a watershed in terms of the parties and the South (Pomper, 1972). The Solid South was built around the identification of the Democratic party with the cause of white supremacy. Events before 1964 gave white southerners pause about the linkage between the Democratic Party and white supremacy, but the 1964 election, passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 altered in the minds of most the positions of the national parties on racial issues.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Politics&rft.atitle=Southern+Partisan+Changes%3A+Dealignment%2C+Realignment+or+Both%3F&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=64-88&rft.date=1988&rft.issn=0022-3816&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154860857%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2131041%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2131041&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=Harold+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Black-2003-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Black-2003_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Black-2003_90-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackBlack2003" class="citation book cs1">Black, Earl; Black, Merle (September 30, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674012486">The Rise of Southern Republicans</a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674012486" title="Special:BookSources/9780674012486"><bdi>9780674012486</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612135934/http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674012486">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2018. <q>When the Republican party nominated Arizona Senator Barry Goldwater—one of the few senators who had opposed the Civil Rights Act—as their presidential candidate in 1964, the party attracted many southern whites but permanently alienated African-American voters. Beginning with the Goldwater-versus-Johnson campaign more southern whites voted Republican than Democratic, a pattern that has recurred in every subsequent presidential election. ... Before the 1964 presidential election the Republican party had not carried any Deep South state for eighty-eight years. Yet shortly after Congress passed the Civil Rights Act, hundreds of Deep South counties gave Barry Goldwater landslide majorities.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Southern+Republicans&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2003-09-30&rft.isbn=9780674012486&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Earl&rft.au=Black%2C+Merle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674012486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Issue_Evolution-91"><a href="#cite_ref-Issue_Evolution_91-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.princeton.edu/titles/4385.html">Issue Evolution</a>. Princeton University Press. September 6, 1990. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691023311" title="Special:BookSources/9780691023311"><bdi>9780691023311</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180516081536/https://press.princeton.edu/titles/4385.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Issue+Evolution&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1990-09-06&rft.isbn=9780691023311&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.princeton.edu%2Ftitles%2F4385.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Valentino-2005-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Valentino-2005_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Valentino-2005_92-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValentinoSears2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Valentino" title="Nicholas Valentino">Valentino, Nicholas A.</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_O._Sears" title="David O. Sears">Sears, David O.</a> (2005). "Old Times There Are Not Forgotten: Race and Partisan Realignment in the Contemporary South". American Journal of Political Science. 49 (3): 672–88. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1540-5907.2005.00136.x">10.1111/j.1540-5907.2005.00136.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0092-5853">0092-5853</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=Old+Times+There+Are+Not+Forgotten%3A+Race+and+Partisan+Realignment+in+the+Contemporary+South&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=672-88&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1540-5907.2005.00136.x&rft.issn=0092-5853&rft.aulast=Valentino&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+A.&rft.au=Sears%2C+David+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuziemkoWashington2018" class="citation journal cs1">Kuziemko, Ilyana; Washington, Ebonya (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1257%2Faer.20161413">"Why Did the Democrats Lose the South? Bringing New Data to an Old Debate"</a>. American Economic Review. 108 (10): 2830–2867. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1257%2Faer.20161413">10.1257/aer.20161413</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-8282">0002-8282</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=Why+Did+the+Democrats+Lose+the+South%3F+Bringing+New+Data+to+an+Old+Debate&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=2830-2867&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1257%2Faer.20161413&rft.issn=0002-8282&rft.aulast=Kuziemko&rft.aufirst=Ilyana&rft.au=Washington%2C+Ebonya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1257%252Faer.20161413&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> James T. Patterson, Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945–1974 (1997). </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerSchofield2008" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, Gary; Schofield, Norman (2008). "The Transformation of the Republican and Democratic Party Coalitions in the U.S.". Perspectives on Politics. 6 (3): 433–450. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1537592708081218">10.1017/S1537592708081218</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1541-0986">1541-0986</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145321253">145321253</a>. <q>1964 was the last presidential election in which the Democrats earned more than 50 percent of the white vote in the United States.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perspectives+on+Politics&rft.atitle=The+Transformation+of+the+Republican+and+Democratic+Party+Coalitions+in+the+U.S.&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=433-450&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145321253%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1541-0986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1537592708081218&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.au=Schofield%2C+Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Patterson, Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945–1974 (1997). </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmythTaylor1992" class="citation journal cs1">Smyth, David J.; Taylor, Susan Washburn (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27550992">"Why Do the Republicans Win the White House More Often than the Democrats?"</a>. Presidential Studies Quarterly. 22 (3): 481–491. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0360-4918">0360-4918</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27550992">27550992</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119034446/https://www.jstor.org/stable/27550992">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2023. Retrieved January 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Presidential+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Why+Do+the+Republicans+Win+the+White+House+More+Often+than+the+Democrats%3F&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=481-491&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27550992%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0360-4918&rft.aulast=Smyth&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Susan+Washburn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27550992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJr1992" class="citation news cs1">Jr, R. W. Apple (July 12, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/12/weekinreview/donkey-s-years-is-there-room-at-the-top-for-democrats.html">"Donkey's Years; Is There Room At the Top For Democrats?"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119034446/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/12/weekinreview/donkey-s-years-is-there-room-at-the-top-for-democrats.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2023. Retrieved January 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Donkey%27s+Years%3B+Is+There+Room+At+the+Top+For+Democrats%3F&rft.date=1992-07-12&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Jr&rft.aufirst=R.+W.+Apple&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F07%2F12%2Fweekinreview%2Fdonkey-s-years-is-there-room-at-the-top-for-democrats.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> James T. Patterson, Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush v. Gore (2011). </li> <li id="cite_note-Geismer-2019-100">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Geismer-2019_100-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Geismer-2019_100-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeismer2019" class="citation web cs1">Geismer, Lily (June 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/polyarchy/2019/6/11/18660240/democrats-neoliberalism">"Democrats and neoliberalism"</a>. Vox. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105045200/https://www.vox.com/polyarchy/2019/6/11/18660240/democrats-neoliberalism">Archived</a> from the original on November 5, 2022. Retrieved November 5, 2022. <q>The version of neoliberalism embedded in these policies understood a distinct role for government to stimulate market-oriented solutions to address social ills such as unemployment and poverty. It thereby aimed not to eradicate the welfare state but rather to reformulate it. It extended the importance of poverty alleviation, which had long served as a benchmark of liberal policy, and had many similarities with the basic ideas of the war on poverty.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=Democrats+and+neoliberalism&rft.date=2019-06-11&rft.aulast=Geismer&rft.aufirst=Lily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fpolyarchy%2F2019%2F6%2F11%2F18660240%2Fdemocrats-neoliberalism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Patterson. Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush v. 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Retrieved July 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ketanji+Brown+Jackson+sworn+in+as+first+Black+woman+on+US+top+court&rft.date=2022-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-62003518.amp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tumulty_2022-116"><a href="#cite_ref-Tumulty_2022_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTumulty2022" class="citation news cs1">Tumulty, Karen (November 9, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/11/09/no-red-wave-midterm-outcome-analysis/">"The expected red wave looks more like a puddle"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221112060937/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/11/09/no-red-wave-midterm-outcome-analysis/">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+expected+red+wave+looks+more+like+a+puddle&rft.date=2022-11-09&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Tumulty&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2F2022%2F11%2F09%2Fno-red-wave-midterm-outcome-analysis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blake_20222-117"><a href="#cite_ref-Blake_20222_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlake2022" class="citation news cs1">Blake, Aaron (November 10, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/11/10/republican-losses-2022-midterms/">"How bad the 2022 election was for the GOP, historically speaking"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230219205348/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/11/10/republican-losses-2022-midterms/">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved November 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=How+bad+the+2022+election+was+for+the+GOP%2C+historically+speaking&rft.date=2022-11-10&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2022%2F11%2F10%2Frepublican-losses-2022-midterms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kinery_2022-118"><a href="#cite_ref-Kinery_2022_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinery2022" class="citation web cs1">Kinery, Emma (November 9, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/09/midterm-election-results-look-better-for-biden-as-democrats-avoid-red-wave.html">"Midterm results are looking increasingly sunny for Biden as he touts 'strong night' for Democrats"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221109235327/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/09/midterm-election-results-look-better-for-biden-as-democrats-avoid-red-wave.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Midterm+results+are+looking+increasingly+sunny+for+Biden+as+he+touts+%27strong+night%27+for+Democrats&rft.date=2022-11-09&rft.aulast=Kinery&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2022%2F11%2F09%2Fmidterm-election-results-look-better-for-biden-as-democrats-avoid-red-wave.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Enter_2022-119"><a href="#cite_ref-Enter_2022_119-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnten2022" class="citation news cs1">Enten, Harry (November 13, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/13/politics/democrats-biden-midterm-elections-senate-house/index.html">"How Joe Biden and the Democratic Party defied midterm history"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128185931/https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/13/politics/democrats-biden-midterm-elections-senate-house/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2022. Retrieved November 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+Joe+Biden+and+the+Democratic+Party+defied+midterm+history&rft.date=2022-11-13&rft.aulast=Enten&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2022%2F11%2F13%2Fpolitics%2Fdemocrats-biden-midterm-elections-senate-house%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crampton_2022-120"><a href="#cite_ref-Crampton_2022_120-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrampton2022" class="citation web cs1">Crampton, Liz (November 9, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/11/09/democrats-take-legislatures-00065953">"Democrats take legislatures in Michigan, Minnesota and eye Pennsylvania"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230105195034/https://www.politico.com/news/2022/11/09/democrats-take-legislatures-00065953">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2023. Retrieved November 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Democrats+take+legislatures+in+Michigan%2C+Minnesota+and+eye+Pennsylvania&rft.date=2022-11-09&rft.aulast=Crampton&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F11%2F09%2Fdemocrats-take-legislatures-00065953&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-composition_2023_05_23_ncsl_org-121"><a href="#cite_ref-composition_2023_05_23_ncsl_org_121-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncsl.org/about-state-legislatures/state-partisan-composition">"State Partisan Composition,"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230704082911/https://www.ncsl.org/about-state-legislatures/state-partisan-composition">Archived</a> July 4, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> May 23, 2023, <a href="/wiki/National_Conference_of_State_Legislatures" title="National Conference of State Legislatures">National Conference of State Legislatures</a>, retrieved July 4, 2023 </li> <li id="cite_note-statehouse_2023_01_18_nytimes-122"><a href="#cite_ref-statehouse_2023_01_18_nytimes_122-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/18/us/democrats-michigan-minnesota-maryland.html">"Statehouse Democrats Embrace an Unfamiliar Reality: Full Power,"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230605070246/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/18/us/democrats-michigan-minnesota-maryland.html">Archived</a> June 5, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> January 18, 2023, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a>, retrieved July 4, 2023 </li> <li id="cite_note-trifectas_2022_11_11_ap_foxnews-123"><a href="#cite_ref-trifectas_2022_11_11_ap_foxnews_123-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/midterm-election-trifectas-democrats-won-full-government-control-these-states">"Midterm election trifectas: Democrats won full government control in these states,"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230704090351/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/midterm-election-trifectas-democrats-won-full-government-control-these-states">Archived</a> July 4, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> November 10, 2022, <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>, retrieved July 4, 2023 </li> <li id="cite_note-states_2023_07_01_gazette-124"><a href="#cite_ref-states_2023_07_01_gazette_124-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cronin" title="Thomas Cronin">Cronin, Tom</a> and Bob Loevy: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gazette.com/news/american-federalism-states-veer-far-left-or-far-right-cronin-and-loevy/article_47b241d8-1604-11ee-a860-3383285a990d.html">"American federalism: States veer far left or far right,"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230704082911/https://gazette.com/news/american-federalism-states-veer-far-left-or-far-right-cronin-and-loevy/article_47b241d8-1604-11ee-a860-3383285a990d.html">Archived</a> July 4, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, July 1, 2023, updated July 2, 2023, <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado Springs Gazette">Colorado Springs Gazette</a>, retrieved July 4, 2023 </li> <li id="cite_note-Klassen-2024-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klassen-2024_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klassen-2024_125-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlassen2024" class="citation news cs1">Klassen, Thomas (July 21, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/biden-steps-aside-setting-in-motion-an-unprecedented-period-in-american-politics-235189">"Biden steps aside, setting in motion an unprecedented period in American politics"</a>. The Conversation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240722044605/https://theconversation.com/biden-steps-aside-setting-in-motion-an-unprecedented-period-in-american-politics-235189">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2024. Retrieved July 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Biden+steps+aside%2C+setting+in+motion+an+unprecedented+period+in+American+politics&rft.date=2024-07-21&rft.aulast=Klassen&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fbiden-steps-aside-setting-in-motion-an-unprecedented-period-in-american-politics-235189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGendler2024" class="citation news cs1">Gendler, Alex (July 23, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/us-presidents-who-did-not-seek-reelection/7709836.html">"US presidents who did not seek reelection"</a>. Voice of America. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240724054720/https://www.voanews.com/a/us-presidents-who-did-not-seek-reelection/7709836.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 24, 2024. Retrieved July 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Voice+of+America&rft.atitle=US+presidents+who+did+not+seek+reelection&rft.date=2024-07-23&rft.aulast=Gendler&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fus-presidents-who-did-not-seek-reelection%2F7709836.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenningSamuelsohn" class="citation news cs1">Kenning, Chris; Samuelsohn, Darren. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/07/22/biden-drops-out-presidential-history/74491426007/">"'It's unprecedented': Biden's exit is a history-making moment in the American presidency"</a>. USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240725003155/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/07/22/biden-drops-out-presidential-history/74491426007/">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2024. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=%27It%27s+unprecedented%27%3A+Biden%27s+exit+is+a+history-making+moment+in+the+American+presidency&rft.aulast=Kenning&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.au=Samuelsohn%2C+Darren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Felections%2F2024%2F07%2F22%2Fbiden-drops-out-presidential-history%2F74491426007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldpress.org/article.cfm/mayors-of-the-30-largest-cities-in-the-united-states">"Mayors of the 30 Largest Cities in the U.S."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230711234205/https://www.worldpress.org/article.cfm/mayors-of-the-30-largest-cities-in-the-united-states">Archived</a> from the original on July 11, 2023. Retrieved July 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mayors+of+the+30+Largest+Cities+in+the+U.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldpress.org%2Farticle.cfm%2Fmayors-of-the-30-largest-cities-in-the-united-states&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAppleby,_Joyce2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Appleby" title="Joyce Appleby">Appleby, Joyce</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6rOu3WYEiiQC">Thomas Jefferson</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-64841-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-64841-7"><bdi>978-0-521-64841-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201002180948/https://books.google.com/books?id=6rOu3WYEiiQC&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+Jefferson&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-521-64841-7&rft.au=Appleby%2C+Joyce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6rOu3WYEiiQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/157244/Democratic-Party/308570/Slavery-and-the-emergence-of-the-bipartisan-system">"Democratic Party"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150217133844/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/157244/Democratic-Party/308570/Slavery-and-the-emergence-of-the-bipartisan-system">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Democratic+Party&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F157244%2FDemocratic-Party%2F308570%2FSlavery-and-the-emergence-of-the-bipartisan-system&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090307093800/https://www.democrats.org/a/2005/06/history_of_the.php">"History of the Democratic Donkey"</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_William_Ward1962" class="citation book cs1">John William Ward (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/andrewjacksonsym0000ward">Andrew Jackson: Symbol for an Age</a>. 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Retrieved April 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallup.com&rft.atitle=Republicans%2C+Democrats+Agree+on+Top+Foreign+Policy+Goals&rft.date=2013-02-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F160649%2Frepublicans-democrats-agree-top-foreign-policy-goals.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> See "July 3, 2014 – Iraq – Getting In Was Wrong; Getting Out Was Right, U.S. Voters Tell Quinnipiac University National Poll" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quinnipiac.edu/news-and-events/quinnipiac-university-poll/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2057">Quinnipiac University Poll</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160402190652/http://www.quinnipiac.edu/news-and-events/quinnipiac-university-poll/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2057">Archived</a> April 2, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> item #51 </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2013" class="citation news cs1">Gordon, Michael R. 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Retrieved October 26, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=They+Used+to+Be+Ahead+in+the+American+Economy.+Now+They%27ve+Fallen+Behind.&rft.date=2024-10-26&rft.aulast=Badger&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft.au=Gebeloff%2C+Robert&rft.au=Bhatia%2C+Aatish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2024%2F10%2F26%2Fupshot%2Fcensus-relative-income.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-trends-303"><a href="#cite_ref-trends_303-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2024/04/09/age-generational-cohorts-and-party-identification/">"4. Age, generational cohorts and party identification"</a>. Pew Research Center. April 9, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240803141125/https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2024/04/09/age-generational-cohorts-and-party-identification/">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2024. Retrieved August 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=4.+Age%2C+generational+cohorts+and+party+identification&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2024-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fpolitics%2F2024%2F04%2F09%2Fage-generational-cohorts-and-party-identification%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wvwv2004-304"><a href="#cite_ref-wvwv2004_304-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wvwv.org/docs/WVWV_2004_post-election_memo.pdf">"Unmarried Women in the 2004 Presidential Election"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101195440/http://www.wvwv.org/docs/WVWV_2004_post-election_memo.pdf">Archived</a> January 1, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>). Report by Greenberg Quinlan Rosner Research, January 2005. p. 3: "The marriage gap is one of the most important cleavages in electoral politics. Unmarried women voted for Kerry by a 25-point margin (62 to 37 percent), while married women voted for President Bush by an 11-point margin (55 percent to 44 percent). Indeed, the 25-point margin Kerry posted among unmarried women represented one of the high water marks for the Senator among all demographic groups." </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21591624-republicans-should-worry-unmarried-women-shun-them-marriage-gap?fsrc=scn/tw/te/pe/themarriagegap">"Republicans should worry that unmarried women shun them"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. December 14, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180115185951/https://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21591624-republicans-should-worry-unmarried-women-shun-them-marriage-gap?fsrc=scn%2Ftw%2Fte%2Fpe%2Fthemarriagegap">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2018. Retrieved September 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Republicans+should+worry+that+unmarried+women+shun+them&rft.date=2013-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Funited-states%2F21591624-republicans-should-worry-unmarried-women-shun-them-marriage-gap%3Ffsrc%3Dscn%2Ftw%2Fte%2Fpe%2Fthemarriagegap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marriage_Gap-306"><a href="#cite_ref-Marriage_Gap_306-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonnell2012" class="citation news cs1">McDonnell, Meg T. (December 3, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141031034237/http://www.crisismagazine.com/2012/the-marriage-gap-in-the-womens-vote">"The Marriage Gap in the Women's Vote"</a>. Crisis Magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crisismagazine.com/2012/the-marriage-gap-in-the-womens-vote">the original</a> on October 31, 2014. Retrieved December 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crisis+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Marriage+Gap+in+the+Women%27s+Vote&rft.date=2012-12-03&rft.aulast=McDonnell&rft.aufirst=Meg+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crisismagazine.com%2F2012%2Fthe-marriage-gap-in-the-womens-vote&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldenberg2012" class="citation news cs1">Goldenberg, Suzanne (November 9, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/nov/09/single-women-voted-favour-obama">"Single women voted overwhelmingly in favour of Obama, researchers find"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141231035001/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/nov/09/single-women-voted-favour-obama">Archived</a> from the original on December 31, 2014. Retrieved December 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Single+women+voted+overwhelmingly+in+favour+of+Obama%2C+researchers+find&rft.date=2012-11-09&rft.aulast=Goldenberg&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2012%2Fnov%2F09%2Fsingle-women-voted-favour-obama&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJunnMasuoka2020" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Junn" title="Jane Junn">Junn, Jane</a>; Masuoka, Natalie (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1537592719003876">"The Gender Gap Is a Race Gap: Women Voters in US Presidential Elections"</a>. Perspectives on Politics. 18 (4): 1135–1145. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1537592719003876">10.1017/S1537592719003876</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1537-5927">1537-5927</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perspectives+on+Politics&rft.atitle=The+Gender+Gap+Is+a+Race+Gap%3A+Women+Voters+in+US+Presidential+Elections&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1135-1145&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1537592719003876&rft.issn=1537-5927&rft.aulast=Junn&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.au=Masuoka%2C+Natalie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS1537592719003876&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/11/white-women-support-gop/507617/">"White Female Voters Continue to Support the Republican Party"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>. November 14, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231215024943/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/11/white-women-support-gop/507617/">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2023. Retrieved January 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=White+Female+Voters+Continue+to+Support+the+Republican+Party&rft.date=2016-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpolitics%2Farchive%2F2016%2F11%2Fwhite-women-support-gop%2F507617%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_long_goodbye-310">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_long_goodbye_310-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_long_goodbye_310-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/united-states/2010/11/11/the-long-goodbye">"The long goodbye"</a>. The Economist. November 11, 2010. Retrieved February 20, 2023. <q>In 1981 Republicans took control of the Senate for the first time since 1953, but most Southern elected officials remained white Democrats. When Republicans took control of the House in 1995, white Democrats still comprised one-third of the South's tally. ... white Southern Democrats have met their Appomattox: they will account for just 24 of the South's 155 senators and congressmen in the 112th United States Congress.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=The+long+goodbye&rft.date=2010-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Funited-states%2F2010%2F11%2F11%2Fthe-long-goodbye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_New_West-311"><a href="#cite_ref-The_New_West_311-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarabak" class="citation web cs1">Barabak, Mark Z. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2023-06-16/columnist-mark-z-barabak-the-new-west">"A series on political shifts in the West"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=A+series+on+political+shifts+in+the+West&rft.aulast=Barabak&rft.aufirst=Mark+Z.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fpolitics%2Fstory%2F2023-06-16%2Fcolumnist-mark-z-barabak-the-new-west&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WealthEducation_2021-312"><a href="#cite_ref-WealthEducation_2021_312-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivanHaysBennett2023" class="citation web cs1">Sullivan, Brianna; Hays, Donald; Bennett, Neil (June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2023/demo/p70br-183.pdf">"The Wealth of Households: 2021 / Current Population Reports / P70BR-183"</a> (PDF). United States Census Bureau. p. 5 (Figure 2). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240524023705/https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2023/demo/p70br-183.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on May 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Wealth+of+Households%3A+2021+%2F+Current+Population+Reports+%2F+P70BR-183&rft.pages=5+%28Figure+2%29&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2023-06&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Brianna&rft.au=Hays%2C+Donald&rft.au=Bennett%2C+Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2FCensus%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2F2023%2Fdemo%2Fp70br-183.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nate_Silver-313">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nate_Silver_313-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nate_Silver_313-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilver2016" class="citation web cs1">Silver, Nate (November 22, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/education-not-income-predicted-who-would-vote-for-trump/">"Education, Not Income, Predicted Who Would Vote For Trump"</a>. FiveThirtyEight.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FiveThirtyEight&rft.atitle=Education%2C+Not+Income%2C+Predicted+Who+Would+Vote+For+Trump&rft.date=2016-11-22&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=Nate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffivethirtyeight.com%2Ffeatures%2Feducation-not-income-predicted-who-would-vote-for-trump%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuffini2023" class="citation web cs1">Ruffini, Patrick (November 4, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2023/11/04/new-republican-party-working-class-coalition-00122822">"The Emerging Working-Class Republican Majority"</a>. POLITICO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231114142644/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2023/11/04/new-republican-party-working-class-coalition-00122822">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=POLITICO&rft.atitle=The+Emerging+Working-Class+Republican+Majority&rft.date=2023-11-04&rft.aulast=Ruffini&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2Fmagazine%2F2023%2F11%2F04%2Fnew-republican-party-working-class-coalition-00122822&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dropouts-315"><a href="#cite_ref-dropouts_315-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurtzleben2014" class="citation web cs1">Kurtzleben, Danielle (September 24, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2014/9/24/6840037/white-high-school-dropouts-have-more-wealth-than-black-and-hispanic">"White high school dropouts are wealthier than Black or Latino college graduates"</a>. Vox.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=White+high+school+dropouts+are+wealthier+than+Black+or+Latino+college+graduates&rft.date=2014-09-24&rft.aulast=Kurtzleben&rft.aufirst=Danielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2014%2F9%2F24%2F6840037%2Fwhite-high-school-dropouts-have-more-wealth-than-black-and-hispanic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-different_worlds-316">^ <a href="#cite_ref-different_worlds_316-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-different_worlds_316-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownstein" class="citation news cs1">Brownstein, Ronald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/12/politics/republicans-democrats-different-worlds/index.html">"Republicans and Democrats increasingly really do occupy different worlds"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181024113248/https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/12/politics/republicans-democrats-different-worlds/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2018. Retrieved October 24, 2018. <q>On the one hand, non-college whites almost always expressed more conservative views than did either non-whites or whites with a college degree living in the same kind of geographic area.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Republicans+and+Democrats+increasingly+really+do+occupy+different+worlds&rft.aulast=Brownstein&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F06%2F12%2Fpolitics%2Frepublicans-democrats-different-worlds%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Teixeira-2022-317"><a href="#cite_ref-Teixeira-2022_317-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeixeira2022" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ruy_Teixeira" title="Ruy Teixeira">Teixeira, Ruy</a> (November 6, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/11/democrats-long-goodbye-to-the-working-class/672016/">"Democrats' Long Goodbye to the Working Class"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107212010/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/11/democrats-long-goodbye-to-the-working-class/672016/">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2023. Retrieved November 8, 2022. <q>As we move into the endgame of the 2022 election, the Democrats face a familiar problem. America's historical party of the working class keeps losing working-class support. And not just among White voters. Not only has the emerging Democratic majority I once predicted failed to materialize, but many of the non-White voters who were supposed to deliver it are instead voting for Republicans... From 2012 to 2020, the Democrats not only saw their support among White working-class voters — those without college degrees — crater, they also saw their advantage among non-White working-class voters fall by 18 points. And between 2016 and 2020 alone, the Democratic advantage among Hispanic voters declined by 16 points, overwhelmingly driven by the defection of working-class voters. In contrast, Democrats' advantage among White college-educated voters improved by 16 points from 2012 to 2020, an edge that delivered Joe Biden the White House.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Democrats%27+Long+Goodbye+to+the+Working+Class&rft.date=2022-11-06&rft.aulast=Teixeira&rft.aufirst=Ruy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fideas%2Farchive%2F2022%2F11%2Fdemocrats-long-goodbye-to-the-working-class%2F672016%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/election/2020/exit-polls/president/national-results">"National Results 2020 President exit polls"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. Retrieved December 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=National+Results+2020+President+exit+polls.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Felection%2F2020%2Fexit-polls%2Fpresident%2Fnational-results&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnten2016" class="citation web cs1">Enten, Harry (November 29, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/even-among-the-wealthy-education-predicts-trump-support/">"Even Among The Wealthy, Education Predicts Trump Support"</a>. FiveThirtyEight. <q>First, it's clear from the exit polls that for white voters, every bit of extra education meant less support for Trump. ... Second, education matters a lot even when separating out income levels. ... Third, Trump saw little difference in his support between income levels within each education group.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FiveThirtyEight&rft.atitle=Even+Among+The+Wealthy%2C+Education+Predicts+Trump+Support&rft.date=2016-11-29&rft.aulast=Enten&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffivethirtyeight.com%2Ffeatures%2Feven-among-the-wealthy-education-predicts-trump-support%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726155334/http://www.gallup.com/poll/9454/Election-Polls-Vote-Groups-19601964.aspx">"Election Polls -- Vote by Groups, 1960-1964"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a>. 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Retrieved June 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallup&rft.atitle=Election+Polls+--+Vote+by+Groups%2C+1960-1964&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F9454%2FElection-Polls-Vote-Groups-19601964.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1976_Presidential_Election_Data-321"><a href="#cite_ref-1976_Presidential_Election_Data_321-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1976&datatype=national&def=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0">"1976 Presidential General Election Data - National"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200814021625/https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1976&datatype=national&def=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0">Archived</a> from the original on August 14, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1976+Presidential+General+Election+Data+-+National&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuselectionatlas.org%2FRESULTS%2Fdata.php%3Fyear%3D1976%26datatype%3Dnational%26def%3D1%26f%3D0%26off%3D0%26elect%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2004/pages/results/states/US/P/00/epolls.0.html">"CNN.com Election 2004"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070514025413/http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2004/pages/results/states/US/P/00/epolls.0.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2007. Retrieved January 2, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CNN.com+Election+2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2FELECTION%2F2004%2Fpages%2Fresults%2Fstates%2FUS%2FP%2F00%2Fepolls.0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-National_Exit_Poll-323"><a href="#cite_ref-National_Exit_Poll_323-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/results/polls/#val=USP00p1">"National Exit Poll"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100605132422/http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/results/polls/#val=USP00p1">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2010. Retrieved January 28, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=National+Exit+Poll&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2FELECTION%2F2008%2Fresults%2Fpolls%2F%23val%3DUSP00p1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuls2016" class="citation web cs1">Suls, Rob (September 15, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2016/09/15/educational-divide-in-vote-preferences-on-track-to-be-wider-than-in-recent-elections/">"Educational divide in vote preferences on track to be wider than in recent elections"</a>. Pew Research Center.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Educational+divide+in+vote+preferences+on+track+to+be+wider+than+in+recent+elections&rft.date=2016-09-15&rft.aulast=Suls&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fshort-reads%2F2016%2F09%2F15%2Feducational-divide-in-vote-preferences-on-track-to-be-wider-than-in-recent-elections%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> John Ashworth, "Agrarians" & "aristocrats": Party political ideology in the United States, 1837–1846(1983) </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> Susan Dunn, Roosevelt's Purge: How FDR Fought to Change the Democratic Party (2010) pp. 202-213. </li> <li id="cite_note-blue-dog-regroup-327">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blue-dog-regroup_327-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-blue-dog-regroup_327-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKane2014" class="citation news cs1">Kane, Paul (January 15, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/blue-dog-democrats-whittled-down-in-number-are-trying-to-regroup/2014/01/15/37d4e7e2-7dfd-11e3-95c6-0a7aa80874bc_story.html">"Blue Dog Democrats, whittled down in number, are trying to regroup"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140116091758/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/blue-dog-democrats-whittled-down-in-number-are-trying-to-regroup/2014/01/15/37d4e7e2-7dfd-11e3-95c6-0a7aa80874bc_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved July 23, 2014. <q>Four years ago, they were the most influential voting bloc on Capitol Hill, more than 50 House Democrats pulling their liberal colleagues to a more centrist, fiscally conservative vision on issues such as health care and Wall Street reforms.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Blue+Dog+Democrats%2C+whittled+down+in+number%2C+are+trying+to+regroup&rft.date=2014-01-15&rft.aulast=Kane&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fblue-dog-democrats-whittled-down-in-number-are-trying-to-regroup%2F2014%2F01%2F15%2F37d4e7e2-7dfd-11e3-95c6-0a7aa80874bc_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson1967" class="citation book cs1">Patterson, James T. (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8MfBgAAQBAJ&pg=PR7">Congressional Conservatism and the New Deal</a>. University Press of Kentucky. pp. vii–viii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813164045" title="Special:BookSources/9780813164045"><bdi>9780813164045</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Congressional+Conservatism+and+the+New+Deal&rft.pages=vii-viii&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=9780813164045&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=James+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY8MfBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohn2014" class="citation web cs1">Cohn, Nate (April 23, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/24/upshot/southern-whites-loyalty-to-gop-nearing-that-of-blacks-to-democrats.html">"Southern Whites' Loyalty to GOP Nearing that of Blacks to Democrats"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Southern+Whites%27+Loyalty+to+GOP+Nearing+that+of+Blacks+to+Democrats&rft.date=2014-04-23&rft.aulast=Cohn&rft.aufirst=Nate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F04%2F24%2Fupshot%2Fsouthern-whites-loyalty-to-gop-nearing-that-of-blacks-to-democrats.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilgore2018" class="citation web cs1">Kilgore, Ed (November 9, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/11/changing-southern-democratic-party.html">"A Different Kind of Democratic Party Is Rising in the South"</a>. New York Magazine. Retrieved November 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Different+Kind+of+Democratic+Party+Is+Rising+in+the+South&rft.pub=New+York+Magazine&rft.date=2018-11-09&rft.aulast=Kilgore&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fintelligencer%2F2018%2F11%2Fchanging-southern-democratic-party.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/election/2020/exit-polls/president/national-results">"National Results 2020 President exit polls"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. 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Pew Research Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200117201701/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/01/17/liberals-make-up-largest-share-of-democratic-voters/">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Liberals+make+up+the+largest+share+of+Democratic+voters%2C+but+their+growth+has+slowed+in+recent+years&rft.date=2020-01-17&rft.aulast=Gilberstadt&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft.au=Daniller%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2020%2F01%2F17%2Fliberals-make-up-largest-share-of-democratic-voters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownstein2019" class="citation web cs1">Brownstein, Ronald (May 9, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2019/05/democrats-progressive-agenda-and-2020-election/589066/">"The Democrats' Coalition Could Fundamentally Change by 2020"</a>. The Atlantic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200323161712/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2019/05/democrats-progressive-agenda-and-2020-election/589066/">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+Democrats%27+Coalition+Could+Fundamentally+Change+by+2020&rft.date=2019-05-09&rft.aulast=Brownstein&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpolitics%2Farchive%2F2019%2F05%2Fdemocrats-progressive-agenda-and-2020-election%2F589066%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><a href="#cite_ref-334">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/2008/11/05/inside-obamas-sweeping-victory/">"Inside Obama's Sweeping Victory"</a>. Pew Research Center. 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Vox.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=If+Harris+loses%2C+expect+Democrats+to+move+right&rft.date=2024-10-22&rft.aulast=Levitz&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fpolitics%2F378977%2Fkamala-harris-loses-trump-2024-election-democratic-party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>The Almanac of American Politics 2022 (2022) details on members of Congress, and the governors: their records and election results; also state and district politics; revised every two years since 1975. see <a href="/wiki/The_Almanac_of_American_Politics" title="The Almanac of American Politics">The Almanac of American Politics</a></li> <li>American National Biography (20 volumes, 1999) covers all politicians no longer alive; online at many academic libraries and at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/84/">Wikipedia Library</a>.</li> <li>Andelic, Patrick. Donkey Work: Congressional Democrats in Conservative America, 1974–1994 (2019) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=5BCrEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&dq=Andelic,+Patrick.&ots=4rw8tSjvBy&sig=7N9JYFzqeEnx2OOSqEfeYziCIzc">online</a></li> <li>Baker, Jean H. Affairs of party: The political culture of northern Democrats in the mid-nineteenth century (Fordham UP, 1998).</li> <li>Bass Jr, Harold F. Historical dictionary of United States political parties (Scarecrow Press, 2009).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlack2004" class="citation journal cs1">Black, Merle (2004). "The transformation of the southern Democratic Party". Journal of Politics. 66 (4): 1001–1017. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-2508.2004.00287.x">10.1111/j.1468-2508.2004.00287.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154506701">154506701</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Politics&rft.atitle=The+transformation+of+the+southern+Democratic+Party&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1001-1017&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-2508.2004.00287.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154506701%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Merle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Burner, David. The Politics of Provincialism: The Democratic Party in Transition, 1918–1932 (Knopf, 1968).</li> <li>Congressional Quarterly. National Party Conventions, 1831–2000 (2001).</li> <li>Congressional Quarterly. Presidential Elections 1789–2008 (10th edition, 2009)</li> <li>Craig, Douglas. "Newton D. Baker and the Democratic Malaise, 1920–1937." Australasian Journal of American Studies (2006): 49–64. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41054006">in JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180819101710/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41054006">Archived</a> August 19, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Dowe, Pearl K. Ford, et al. Remaking the Democratic Party: Lyndon B. Johnson as a Native-Son Presidential Candidate (University of Michigan Press, 2016).</li> <li>Feller, David. "Politics and Society: Toward a Jacksonian Synthesis" Journal of the Early Republic 10#2 (1990), pp. 135–161 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3123555">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>Finkelman, Paul, and Peter Wallenstein, eds. The encyclopedia of American political history (CQ Press, 2001).</li> <li>Frymer, Paul. Black and blue: African Americans, the labor movement, and the decline of the Democratic party (Princeton UP, 2008).</li> <li>Gerring, John. "A chapter in the history of American party ideology: The nineteenth-century Democratic Party (1828–1892)." Polity 26.4 (1994): 729–768. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.bu.edu/jgerring/documents/19thcDems.pdf">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202021309/http://people.bu.edu/jgerring/documents/19thcDems.pdf">Archived</a> February 2, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillon1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_M._Gillon" title="Steven M. Gillon">Gillon, Steven M.</a> (1992). The Democrats' Dilemma: Walter F. Mondale and the Liberal Legacy. New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231076302" title="Special:BookSources/9780231076302"><bdi>9780231076302</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Democrats%27+Dilemma%3A+Walter+F.+Mondale+and+the+Liberal+Legacy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780231076302&rft.aulast=Gillon&rft.aufirst=Steven+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/democratsdilemma0000gill">online</a></li> <li>Greene, Jack B. Encyclopedia of American Political History (1983)</li> <li>Hilton, Adam. True Blues: The Contentious Transformation of the Democratic Party (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021), since 1972.</li> <li>Kazin, Michael. What It Took to Win: A History of the Democratic Party (2022) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=RRAqEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT244&dq=Michael+Kazin+democratic&ots=oua8Q2QvyD&sig=k47hdOitJUuEfEU28b4ou94tRCY">online</a></li> <li>Kazin, Michael. ed. The Princeton Encyclopedia of American Political History (2 vol. Princeton UP, 2009) <ul><li>Kazin, Michael. ed. The Concise Princeton Encyclopedia of American Political History (Princeton UP, 2011)</li></ul></li> <li>Landis, Michael Todd. Northern Men with Southern Loyalties: The Democratic Party and the Sectional Crisis. (Cornell UP, 2014).</li> <li>Lawrence, David G. The collapse of the democratic presidential majority: Realignment, dealignment, and electoral change from Franklin Roosevelt to Bill Clinton. (Westview Press, 1997).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGuire2014" class="citation journal cs1">McGuire, John Thomas (2014). "Beginning an 'Extraordinary Opportunity': Eleanor Roosevelt, Molly Dewson, and the expansion of women's boundaries in the Democratic Party, 1924–1934". Women's History Review. 23 (6): 922–937. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09612025.2014.906841">10.1080/09612025.2014.906841</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146773549">146773549</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women%27s+History+Review&rft.atitle=Beginning+an+%27Extraordinary+Opportunity%27%3A+Eleanor+Roosevelt%2C+Molly+Dewson%2C+and+the+expansion+of+women%27s+boundaries+in+the+Democratic+Party%2C+1924%E2%80%931934&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=922-937&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09612025.2014.906841&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146773549%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=McGuire&rft.aufirst=John+Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Maisel, L. Sandy, and Jeffrey M. Berry, eds. The Oxford handbook of American political parties and interest groups (Oxford UP, 2010).</li> <li>Maisel, L. Sandy, and Charles Bassett, eds. Political parties & elections in the United States: an encyclopedia (2 vol, Garland, 1991)</li> <li>Mieczkowski, Yanek, and Mark C Carnes. The Routledge historical atlas of presidential elections (2001).</li> <li>Neal, Steven. Happy Days are Here Again: The 1932 Democratic Convention, the Emergence of FDR—and how America was Changed Forever (HarperCollins, 2010).</li> <li>Remini, Robert V. Martin Van Buren and the making of the Democratic Party (Columbia UP, 1961).</li> <li>Savage, Sean J. Roosevelt: The Party Leader, 1932–1945 (U Press of Kentucky, 2015).</li> <li>Savage, Sean J. JFK, LBJ, and the Democratic Party (SUNY Press, 2012).</li> <li>Savage, Sean J. Truman and the Democratic Party (U Press of Kentucky, 2015).</li> <li>Woods, Randall B. Prisoners of Hope: Lyndon B. Johnson, the Great Society, and the Limits of Liberalism (Basic Books, 2016).</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Third_Party_System" title="Third Party System">Third Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Party_System" title="Fourth Party System">Fourth Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Party_System" title="Fifth Party System">Fifth Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Party_System" title="Sixth Party System">Sixth Party System</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">National conventions</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets">presidential tickets</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Democratic Party presidential primaries">presidential primaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election#Democratic_Party_nomination" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828 (None)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1832 Democratic National Convention">1832 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1835 Democratic National Convention">1835 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1840 Democratic National Convention">1840 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a>/None</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1844 Democratic National Convention">1844 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1848 Democratic National Convention">1848 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Cass</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Orlando_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="William Orlando Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1852 Democratic National Convention">1852 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1856 Democratic National Convention">1856 (Cincinnati)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Democratic_National_Conventions" title="1860 Democratic National Conventions">1860 (Charleston/Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Douglas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Herschel_V._Johnson" title="Herschel V. Johnson">H. Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lane" title="Joseph Lane">Lane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrats" title="Southern Democrats">SD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1864 Democratic National Convention">1864 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">McClellan</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">Pendleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1868 Democratic National Convention">1868 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour" title="Horatio Seymour">Seymour</a>/<a href="/wiki/Francis_Preston_Blair_Jr." title="Francis Preston Blair Jr.">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1872 Democratic National Convention">1872 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Greeley</a>/<a href="/wiki/B._Gratz_Brown" title="B. Gratz Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1876 Democratic National Convention">1876 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Tilden" title="Samuel J. Tilden">Tilden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1880 Democratic National Convention">1880 (Cincinnati)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Hancock</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Hayden_English" title="William Hayden English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1884 Democratic National Convention">1884 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1888 Democratic National Convention">1888 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Thurman" title="Allen G. Thurman">Thurman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1892 Democratic National Convention">1892 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Stevenson I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1896 Democratic National Convention">1896 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sewall" title="Arthur Sewall">Sewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1900 Democratic National Convention">1900 (Kansas City)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Stevenson I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1904 Democratic National Convention">1904 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Parker</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_G._Davis" title="Henry G. Davis">H. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1908 Democratic National Convention">1908 (Denver)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">Kern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1912 Democratic National Convention">1912 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Marshall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1912 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1916 Democratic National Convention">1916 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Marshall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1916 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1920 Democratic National Convention">1920 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_M._Cox" title="James M. Cox">Cox</a>/<a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1920 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1924 Democratic National Convention">1924 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">J. Davis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Bryan" title="Charles W. Bryan">C. Bryan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1924 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1928 Democratic National Convention">1928 (Houston)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Smith</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Robinson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1928 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1932 Democratic National Convention">1932 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1932 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1936 Democratic National Convention">1936 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1936 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1940 Democratic National Convention">1940 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Wallace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1940 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1944 Democratic National Convention">1944 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1944 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">1948 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1952 Democratic National Convention">1952 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson II</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">Sparkman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">1956 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson II</a>/<a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Kefauver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">1960 (Los Angeles)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">1964 (Atlantic City)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">1968 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a>/<a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Muskie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1972 Democratic National Convention">1972 (Miami Beach)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a>/(<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">Eagleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Shriver</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1976 Democratic National Convention">1976 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1980 Democratic National Convention">1980 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1984 Democratic National Convention">1984 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a>/<a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Ferraro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1988 Democratic National Convention">1988 (Atlanta)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Dukakis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Bentsen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1992 Democratic National Convention">1992 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">B. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1996 Democratic National Convention">1996 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">B. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2000 Democratic National Convention">2000 (Los Angeles)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Lieberman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">2004 (Boston)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">Edwards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008 (Denver)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">2012 (Charlotte)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">H. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">2020 (Milwaukee/other locations)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">2024 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Walz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">Presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Administration_(government)" title="Administration (government)">administrations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Jackson" title="Presidency of Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a> (1829–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Martin_Van_Buren" title="Presidency of Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a> (1837–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_K._Polk" title="Presidency of James K. Polk">Polk</a> (1845–1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_Pierce" title="Presidency of Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a> (1853–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Buchanan" title="Presidency of James Buchanan">Buchanan</a> (1857–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Presidency of Andrew Johnson">A. Johnson</a> (1868–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidencies_of_Grover_Cleveland" title="Presidencies of Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a> (1885–1889; 1893–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidency of Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a> (1913–1921)</li> <li>Roosevelt (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_first_and_second_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms">1933–1941</a>; <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_third_and_fourth_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, third and fourth terms">1941–1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Presidency of Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> (1945–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidency of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a> (1961–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">L. B. Johnson</a> (1963–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">Carter</a> (1977–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton</a> (1993–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden</a> (2021–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">U.S. House leaders</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the United States House of Representatives">Speakers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">Caucus chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Stevenson" title="Andrew Stevenson">A. Stevenson</a> (1827–1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">Bell</a> (1834–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a> (1835–1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winston_Jones" title="John Winston Jones">J. W. Jones</a> (1843–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Davis" title="John Wesley Davis">Davis</a> (1845–1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Cobb" title="Howell Cobb">Cobb</a> (1849–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn_Boyd" title="Linn Boyd">Boyd</a> (1851–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Jones_(Tennessee_politician)" title="George Washington Jones (Tennessee politician)">G. W. Jones</a> (1855–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawrence_Orr" title="James Lawrence Orr">Orr</a> (1857–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Houston" title="George S. Houston">Houston</a> (1859–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Niblack" title="William E. Niblack">Niblack</a>/<a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a> (1869–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Niblack" title="William E. Niblack">Niblack</a> (1873–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Kerr" title="Michael C. Kerr">Kerr</a> (1875–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a> (1876–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Carlisle" title="John G. Carlisle">Carlisle</a> (1883–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Holman" title="William S. Holman">Holman</a> (1889–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Crisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Frederick Crisp">Crisp</a> (1891–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Culberson" title="David B. Culberson">D. B. Culberson</a> (1895–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Richardson" title="James D. Richardson">Richardson</a> (1897–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sharp_Williams" title="John Sharp Williams">Williams</a> (1903–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Clark</a> (1909–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a> (1921–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finis_J._Garrett" title="Finis J. Garrett">Garrett</a> (1923–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> (1929–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Rainey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Thomas Rainey">Rainey</a> (1933–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Byrns" title="Jo Byrns">Byrns</a> (1935–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Bankhead" title="William B. Bankhead">Bankhead</a> (1936–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a> (1940–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a> (1962–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Albert</a> (1971–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a> (1977–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Wright</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Foley</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt">Gephardt</a> (1995–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a> (2003–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Jeffries</a> (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">U.S. Senate leaders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Caucus chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stevenson" title="John W. Stevenson">J. W. Stevenson</a> (1873–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Wallace" title="William A. Wallace">Wallace</a> (1877–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">Pendleton</a> (1881–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Beck" title="James B. Beck">Beck</a> (1885–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Gorman" title="Arthur P. Gorman">Gorman</a> (1890–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Turpie" title="David Turpie">Turpie</a> (1898–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">J. K. Jones</a> (1899–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Gorman" title="Arthur P. Gorman">Gorman</a> (1903–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._S._Blackburn" title="J. C. S. Blackburn">Blackburn</a> (1906–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Culberson" title="Charles A. Culberson">C. A. Culberson</a> (1907–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernando_Money" title="Hernando Money">Money</a> (1909–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Martin" title="Thomas S. Martin">Martin</a> (1911–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">Kern</a> (1913–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Martin" title="Thomas S. Martin">Martin</a> (1917–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hitchcock" title="Gilbert Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a> (1919–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a> (1920–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Robinson</a> (1923–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a> (1937–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_W._Lucas" title="Scott W. Lucas">Lucas</a> (1949–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_McFarland" title="Ernest McFarland">McFarland</a> (1951–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a> (1953–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mansfield</a> (1961–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (1977–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">Mitchell</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Daschle" title="Tom Daschle">Daschle</a> (1995–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Reid</a> (2005–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a> (2017–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">DNC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Hallett" title="Benjamin F. Hallett">Hallett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Milligan_McLane" title="Robert Milligan McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Allen_Smalley" title="David Allen Smalley">Smalley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Belmont" title="August Belmont">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Schell" title="Augustus Schell">Schell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abram_Hewitt" title="Abram Hewitt">Hewitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barnum" title="William Barnum">Barnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_S._Brice" title="Calvin S. Brice">Brice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Harrity" title="William F. Harrity">Harrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Taggart" title="Thomas Taggart">Taggart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_E._Mack" title="Norman E. Mack">Mack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._McCombs" title="William F. McCombs">McCombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_C._McCormick" title="Vance C. McCormick">McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Stille_Cummings" title="Homer Stille Cummings">Cummings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_White_(Ohio_politician)" title="George White (Ohio politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clem_L._Shaver" title="Clem L. Shaver">Shaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Raskob" title="John J. Raskob">Raskob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farley" title="James Farley">Farley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Flynn" title="Edward J. Flynn">Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_C._Walker" title="Frank C. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Hannegan" title="Robert E. Hannegan">Hannegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_McGrath" title="J. Howard McGrath">McGrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Boyle" title="William M. Boyle">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_E._McKinney" title="Frank E. McKinney">McKinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Mitchell_(politician)" title="Stephen A. Mitchell (politician)">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Butler_(lawyer)" title="Paul Butler (lawyer)">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moran_Bailey" title="John Moran Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Westwood_(politician)" title="Jean Westwood (politician)">Westwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Strauss" title="Robert S. Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_M._Curtis" title="Kenneth M. Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coyle_White" title="John Coyle White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manatt" title="Charles Manatt">Manatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Kirk" title="Paul G. Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Brown" title="Ron Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wilhelm" title="David Wilhelm">Wilhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debra_DeLee" title="Debra DeLee">DeLee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dodd" title="Chris Dodd">Dodd</a>/<a href="/wiki/Donald_Fowler" title="Donald Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Romer" title="Roy Romer">Romer</a>/<a href="/wiki/Steven_Grossman_(politician)" title="Steven Grossman (politician)">Grossman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Rendell" title="Ed Rendell">Rendell</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Andrew" title="Joe Andrew">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_McAuliffe" title="Terry McAuliffe">McAuliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Wasserman_Schultz" title="Debbie Wasserman Schultz">Wasserman Schultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Perez" title="Tom Perez">Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Harrison" title="Jaime Harrison">Harrison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_parties_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="List of state parties of the Democratic Party (United States)">State and territorial parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Democratic_Party" title="Alabama Democratic Party">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Democratic_Party" title="Alaska Democratic Party">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Democratic_Party" title="Arizona Democratic Party">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Arkansas" title="Democratic Party of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Democratic_Party" title="Colorado Democratic Party">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Connecticut" title="Democratic Party of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Democratic_Party" title="Delaware Democratic Party">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Democratic_Party" title="Florida Democratic Party">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Party of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Hawaii" title="Democratic Party of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Democratic_Party" title="Idaho Democratic Party">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Illinois" title="Democratic Party of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Democratic_Party" title="Indiana Democratic Party">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Democratic_Party" title="Iowa Democratic Party">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Democratic_Party" title="Kansas Democratic Party">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Democratic_Party" title="Kentucky Democratic Party">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Democratic_Party" title="Louisiana Democratic Party">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Democratic_Party" title="Maine Democratic Party">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Democratic_Party" title="Maryland Democratic Party">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Democratic_Party" title="Massachusetts Democratic Party">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Democratic_Party" title="Michigan Democratic Party">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic%E2%80%93Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Democratic_Party" title="Mississippi Democratic Party">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Democratic_Party" title="Missouri Democratic Party">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Democratic_Party" title="Montana Democratic Party">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Democratic_Party" title="Nebraska Democratic Party">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Democratic_Party" title="Nevada Democratic Party">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Democratic_Party" title="New Hampshire Democratic Party">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Democratic_State_Committee" title="New Jersey Democratic State Committee">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_New_Mexico" title="Democratic Party of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Democratic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Democratic Committee">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Democratic_Party" title="North Carolina Democratic Party">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Democratic%E2%80%93Nonpartisan_League_Party" title="North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Democratic_Party" title="Ohio Democratic Party">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Democratic_Party" title="Oklahoma Democratic Party">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Oregon" title="Democratic Party of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Democratic_Party" title="Pennsylvania Democratic Party">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Democratic_Party" title="Rhode Island Democratic Party">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Democratic_Party" title="South Carolina Democratic Party">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Democratic_Party" title="South Dakota Democratic Party">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Democratic_Party" title="Tennessee Democratic Party">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Democratic_Party" title="Texas Democratic Party">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Democratic_Party" title="Utah Democratic Party">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Democratic_Party" title="Vermont Democratic Party">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Virginia" title="Democratic Party of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Democratic_Party" title="Washington State Democratic Party">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Democratic_Party" title="West Virginia Democratic Party">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Wisconsin" title="Democratic Party of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Democratic_Party" title="Wyoming Democratic Party">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Democratic_Party" title="American Samoa Democratic Party">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Democratic_State_Committee" title="District of Columbia Democratic State Committee">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Guam" title="Democratic Party of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Northern_Mariana_Islands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (Northern Mariana Islands)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Democratic Party of the Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)_organizations" title="Democratic Party (United States) organizations">Affiliated groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Congress</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Senate Caucus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Policy_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Policy Committee">Policy Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Steering_and_Outreach_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Steering and Outreach Committee">Steering and Outreach Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">House Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)">Factions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Dog_Coalition" title="Blue Dog Coalition">Blue Dog Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Progressive_Caucus" title="Congressional Progressive Caucus">Congressional Progressive Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Democrats" title="Justice Democrats">Justice Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democrat_Coalition" title="New Democrat Coalition">New Democrat Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_Solvers_Caucus" title="Problem Solvers Caucus">Problem Solvers Caucus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Fundraising</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Attorneys_General_Association" title="Democratic Attorneys General Association">Democratic Attorneys General Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Congressional_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee">Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Governors_Association" title="Democratic Governors Association">Democratic Governors Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Legislative_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee">Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Senatorial_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee">Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conference_of_Democratic_Mayors" title="National Conference of Democratic Mayors">National Conference of Democratic Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Redistricting_Committee" title="National Democratic Redistricting Committee">National Democratic Redistricting Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Sectional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_Democrats_of_America" title="College Democrats of America">College Democrats of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Democratic_Women" title="National Federation of Democratic Women">National Federation of Democratic Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Democrats" title="Stonewall Democrats">Stonewall Democrats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Young_Democrats" title="Stonewall Young Democrats">Stonewall Young Democrats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Democrats_of_America" title="Young Democrats of America">Young Democrats of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_Democrats_of_America" title="High School Democrats of America">High School Democrats of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential candidates">Presidential candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="Democratic Party presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superdelegate" title="Superdelegate">Superdelegate</a></li> <li>Chairmanship elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2005 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2021 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2025 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2025</a></li></ul></li> <li>House caucus leadership elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_House_of_Representatives_Democratic_Caucus_leadership_election" title="2006 United States House of Representatives Democratic Caucus leadership election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_House_of_Representatives_Democratic_Caucus_leadership_election" title="2018 United States House of Representatives Democratic Caucus leadership election">2018</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weekly_Democratic_Address" title="Weekly Democratic Address">Weekly Democratic Address</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_political_parties_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_political_parties" title="Template:United States political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_political_parties" title="Template talk:United States political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_political_parties_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">National <a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">political parties in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="List of political parties in the United States">List of political parties in the United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_party" title="Major party">Major parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Larger</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party (United States)">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Smaller</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_People%27s_Socialist_Party" title="African People's Socialist Party">African People's Socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(United_States)" title="Alliance Party (United States)">Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Freedom_Party" title="American Freedom Party">American Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party" title="American Solidarity Party">American Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Socialists_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Socialists of America">Black Socialists of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Liberty_Party" title="Christian Liberty Party">Christian Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Citizens Party of the United States">Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_New_York_(2010)" title="Freedom Party of New York (2010)">Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Road_Socialist_Organization" title="Freedom Road Socialist Organization">Freedom Road Socialist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Socialist_Party" title="Freedom Socialist Party">Freedom Socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_Party_(United_States)" title="Forward Party (United States)">Forward Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Mountain_Peace_and_Justice_Party" title="Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party">Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Marijuana_Now_Party" title="Legal Marijuana Now Party">Legal Marijuana Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_USA" title="Liberal Party USA">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Progressive_Party_(United_States)_state_affiliates" title="Category:National Progressive Party (United States) state affiliates">National Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Dane" title="Progressive Dane">Progressive Dane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Marijuana_Party" title="U.S. Marijuana Party">Marijuana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Pirate_Party" title="United States Pirate Party">Pirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States,_2017)" title="People's Party (United States, 2017)">People's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Labor_Party_(United_States)" title="Progressive Labor Party (United States)">Progressive Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renew_America_Movement" title="Renew America Movement">Renew America Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Socialism and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serve_America_Movement" title="Serve America Movement">Serve America Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist (1973)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Action_(United_States)" title="Socialist Action (United States)">Socialist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(United_States)" title="Socialist Alternative (United States)">Socialist Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Workers_Party" title="South Carolina Workers Party">South Carolina Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats,_USA" title="Social Democrats, USA">Social Democrats, USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanist_Party" title="Transhumanist Party">Transhumanist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Party_of_America" title="Unity Party of America">Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Class_Party" title="Working Class Party">Working Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">Working Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Party_of_the_United_States" title="World Socialist Party of the United States">World Socialist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Defunct parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="National Union Party (United States)">National Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Know_Nothing" title="Know Nothing">American (Know Nothing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_Elect" title="Americans Elect">Americans Elect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party">Anti-Masonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Party_(1924)" title="American Party (1924)">American (1924)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Party_(1969)" title="American Party (1969)">American (1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Vegetarian_Party" title="American Vegetarian Party">American Vegetarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party_(political_party)" title="Boston Tea Party (political party)">Boston Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Party_(United_States)" title="Citizens Party (United States)">Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Workers%27_Party_(United_States)" title="Communist Workers' Party (United States)">Communist Workers'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States,_1952)" title="Constitution Party (United States, 1952)">Constitution (1952)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Union Party (United States)">Constitutional Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party_(1844)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic-Republican Party (1844)">Democratic-Republican (1844)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Farmer–Labor Party">Farmer–Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Soil_Party" title="Free Soil Party">Free Soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="National Democratic Party (United States)">Gold Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenback_Party" title="Greenback Party">Greenback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Party_(United_States)" title="Human Rights Party (United States)">Human Rights Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_(United_States)" title="Independence Party (United States)">Independence (1906)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_America" title="Independence Party of America">Independence (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(United_States)" title="Justice Party (United States)">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Labor Party of the United States">Labor (1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(United_States,_1996)" title="Labor Party (United States, 1996)">Labor (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Party_(United_States,_1840)" title="Liberty Party (United States, 1840)">Liberty (1840)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(United_States)" title="National Party (United States)"> National (1917)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renaissance_Party_(United_States)" title="National Renaissance Party (United States)">National Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_of_America" title="National Socialist Party of America">National Socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_States%27_Rights_Party" title="National States' Rights Party">National States' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_(United_States)" title="Natural Law Party (United States)">Natural Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Alliance_Party" title="New Alliance Party">New Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(United_States)" title="New Party (United States)">New Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Union_Party" title="New Union Party">New Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nullifier_Party" title="Nullifier Party">Nullifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_Party_(Southern_U.S.)" title="Opposition Party (Southern U.S.)">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Party_(1970s)" title="Patriot Party (1970s)">Patriot Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States,_1971)" title="People's Party (United States, 1971)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States)" title="People's Party (United States)">Populist (People's)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Choice_Party" title="Personal Choice Party">Personal Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populist_Party_(United_States,_1984)" title="Populist Party (United States, 1984)">Populist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_Moose_Party" title="Bull Moose Party">Progressive (1912)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1924%E2%80%931934)" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1924–1934)">Progressive (1924)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1948)">Progressive (1948)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_Party_of_America" title="Proletarian Party of America">Proletarian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Democracy_Party_(United_States)" title="Radical Democracy Party (United States)">Radical Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raza_Unida_Party" title="Raza Unida Party">Raza Unida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Readjuster_Party" title="Readjuster Party">Readjuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Guards_(United_States)" title="Red Guards (United States)">Red Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Guard_Party" title="Red Guard Party">Red Guard Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Party" title="Silver Party">Silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Republican_Party" title="Silver Republican Party">Silver Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_America" title="Social Democratic Party of America">Social Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist (1901)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat" title="Dixiecrat">States Rights (Dixiecrat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party" title="Traditionalist Worker Party">Traditionalist Worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconditional_Union_Party" title="Unconditional Union Party">Unconditional Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Party_(United_States,_1850)" title="Union Party (United States, 1850)">Union (1850)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionist_politician_(American_Civil_War)" title="Unionist politician (American Civil War)">Union (1861)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Union Party (United States)">Union (1936)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Labor_Party" title="U.S. Labor Party">U.S. Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Panthers" class="mw-redirect" title="White Panthers">White Panthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Patriot_Party" title="White Patriot Party">White Patriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Patriots_Organization" title="Young Patriots Organization">Young Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_America" title="Workers Party of America">Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Lords_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Lords Party">Young Lords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_International_Party" title="Youth International Party">Youth International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow plainlist" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_state_and_local_political_parties" title="Template:United States state and local political parties">State and local political parties (without national body)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_nominating_convention" title="United States presidential nominating convention">Presidential nominating convention</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_nominating_conventions_in_the_United_States" title="List of presidential nominating conventions in the United States">List</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_topics" title="Template:United States topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_topics" title="Template talk:United States topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1776%E2%80%931789)" title="History of the United States (1776–1789)">1776–1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1789%E2%80%931815)" title="History of the United States (1789–1815)">1789–1815</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1815%E2%80%931849)" title="History of the United States (1815–1849)">1815–1849</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1849%E2%80%931865)" title="History of the United States (1849–1865)">1849–1865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1865%E2%80%931917)" title="History of the United States (1865–1917)">1865–1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1917%E2%80%931945)" title="History of the United States (1917–1945)">1917–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1945%E2%80%931964)" title="History of the United States (1945–1964)">1945–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1964%E2%80%931980)" title="History of the United States (1964–1980)">1964–1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1980%E2%80%931991)" title="History of the United States (1980–1991)">1980–1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1991%E2%80%932008)" title="History of the United States (1991–2008)">1991–2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(2008%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the United States (2008–present)">2008–present</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By event</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-colonial era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">Colonial era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_American_military_history" title="Colonial American military history">military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Resolves" title="Halifax Resolves">Halifax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">Perpetual Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_period" title="Confederation period">Confederation period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">American frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_drafting_and_ratification_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution">drafting and ratification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_genocide_in_the_United_States" title="Native American genocide in the United States">Native genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li>Civil rights movement <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1865%E2%80%931896)" title="Civil rights movement (1865–1896)">1865–1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1896%E2%80%931954)" title="Civil rights movement (1896–1954)">1896–1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">1954–1968</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">home front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Century" title="American Century">American Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">Feminist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_liberation" title="Gay liberation">LGBT Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1991%E2%80%932008)" title="History of the United States (1991–2008)">Post-Cold War (1991–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on Terror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_the_United_States" title="Great Recession in the United States">Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_history_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the history of the United States">Outline of U.S. history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Demographic history of the United States">Demographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_discoveries" title="Timeline of United States discoveries">Discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Economic history of the United States">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_inventions" title="Timeline of United States inventions">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Military history of the United States">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_States" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the United States">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Technological and industrial history of the United States">Technological and industrial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States" title="Geography of the United States">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._territorial_sovereignty" title="U.S. territorial sovereignty">Territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">Contiguous United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">federal district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_enclave" title="Federal enclave">federal enclaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">insular zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">minor outlying islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_populated_places_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of populated places in the United States">populated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_United_States" title="List of earthquakes in the United States">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_the_United_States" title="List of extreme points of the United States">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_United_States" title="List of islands of the United States">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountains of the United States">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountain peaks of the United States">peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges#United_States" title="List of mountain ranges">ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">National Parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_United_States" title="Central United States">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_United_States" title="Northwestern United States">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li>Longest <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_United_States" title="List of rivers of the United States">rivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_River" title="Arkansas River">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_South" title="Red River of the South">Red (South)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_River" title="Yukon River">Yukon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_United_States" title="Time in the United States">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_States" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United States">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United States">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powers_of_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="Powers of the president of the United States">powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">Executive departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_agencies_of_the_United_States_government" title="Independent agencies of the United States government">Independent agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">Intelligence Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reconnaissance_Office" title="National Reconnaissance Office">National Reconnaissance Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Federal law enforcement in the United States">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">ATF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">CBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Diplomatic_Security" title="Bureau of Diplomatic Security">Diplomatic Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">DEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">ICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">Secret Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">TSA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Inspector_General_(United_States)" title="Office of Inspector General (United States)">Inspector generals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_civil_service" title="United States federal civil service">Civil service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Public policy of the United States">Public policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of current members of the United States House of Representatives">current members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_senators" title="List of current United States senators">current members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States#President_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police" title="United States Capitol Police">Capitol Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congressional Budget Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Government Accountability Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Government Publishing Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">Courts of appeals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_circuit_judges" title="List of current United States circuit judges">list of judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">District courts</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_territorial_court" title="United States territorial court">Territorial courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_district_and_territorial_courts" title="List of United States district and territorial courts">list of courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_district_judges" title="List of current United States district judges">list of judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_tribunals_in_the_United_States" title="Federal tribunals in the United States">Other tribunals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney" title="United States Attorney">U.S. attorney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties_in_the_United_States" title="Civil liberties in the United States">civil liberties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_preemption" title="Federal preemption">preemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Separation of powers under the United States Constitution">separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uniformed_services_of_the_United_States" title="Uniformed services of the United States">Uniformed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">Space Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(United_States)" title="National Guard (United States)">National Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOAA_Commissioned_Officer_Corps" title="NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps">NOAA Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service_Commissioned_Corps" title="United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps">Public Health Service Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Government of the District of Columbia">Federal District</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territorial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_constitutional_officer" title="State constitutional officer">Executive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">Governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_governors" title="List of current United States governors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant governor (United States)">Lieutenant governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_lieutenant_governors" title="List of current United States lieutenant governors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state_(U.S._state_government)" title="Secretary of state (U.S. state government)">Secretary of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_attorney_general" title="State attorney general">Attorney general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_treasurer" title="State treasurer">Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_auditor" title="State auditor">Auditor/Comptroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_commissioner" title="Agriculture commissioner">Agriculture commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_commissioner" title="Insurance commissioner">Insurance commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_utilities_commission" title="Public utilities commission">Public utilities commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_police_(United_States)" title="State police (United States)">State police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_and_local_law_enforcement_agencies" title="List of United States state and local law enforcement agencies">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">List of legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_legislators" title="List of U.S. state legislators">List of legislators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_court_(United_States)" title="State court (United States)">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_supreme_court" title="State supreme court">Supreme courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_chief_justices" title="List of state chief justices">Chief justices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">District attorney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district_attorneys_by_county" class="mw-redirect" title="List of district attorneys by county">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_law_(United_States)" title="State law (United States)">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_constitutions_in_the_United_States" title="State constitutions in the United States">State constitutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_statutory_codes" title="List of U.S. state statutory codes">Statutory codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_act" title="Uniform act">Uniform act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_U.S._state_and_territory_governments" title="Comparison of U.S. state and territory governments">Comparison of governments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tribe_(Native_American)" title="Tribe (Native American)">Tribal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Tribal sovereignty in the United States">Tribal sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_recognition_in_the_United_States" title="Native American recognition in the United States">Native American recognition in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federally_recognized_tribes_in_the_contiguous_United_States" title="List of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States">Federally recognized tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alaska_Native_tribal_entities" title="List of Alaska Native tribal entities">Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-recognized_tribes_in_the_United_States" title="State-recognized tribes in the United States">State-recognized tribes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_home_land" title="Hawaiian home land">Hawaiian home land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">Local</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_counties_and_county_equivalents" title="List of United States counties and county equivalents">List of counties and county equivalents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_executive" title="County executive">County executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_in_the_United_States" title="Sheriffs in the United States">Sheriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_clerk" title="Municipal clerk">Clerk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">Consolidated city-county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">Independent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coterminous_municipality" title="Coterminous municipality">Coterminous municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_charter#United_States" title="Municipal charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–council government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government" title="Council–manager government">Council–manager government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_commission_government" title="City commission government">City commission government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayoralty_in_the_United_States" title="Mayoralty in the United States">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_manager" title="City manager">City manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_council#United_States" title="Municipal council">City council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Minor_civil_division" title="Minor civil division">Minor divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_meeting" title="Town meeting">Town meeting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">Special district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">School district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_school_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of school districts in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_United_States" title="Corruption in the United States">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States" title="Elections in the United States">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">Red states and blue states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign relations of the United States">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">foreign policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_presidency" title="Imperial presidency">Imperial presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Ideologies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Americanism" title="Anti-Americanism">Anti-Americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">Parties</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_scandals_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal political scandals in the United States">Scandals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States_by_sector" title="Economy of the United States by sector">By sector</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Agriculture in the United States">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_the_United_States" title="Banking in the United States">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_United_States" title="Communications in the United States">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_States" title="Energy in the United States">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Insurance in the United States">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_States" title="Manufacturing in the United States">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_States" title="Mining in the United States">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_States" title="Science and technology in the United States">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_States" title="Tourism in the United States">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign trade of the United States">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">by state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_the_United_States" title="List of exports of the United States">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_budget" title="United States federal budget">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States">Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_position_of_the_United_States" title="Financial position of the United States">Financial position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">Labor unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_debt_of_the_United_States" title="National debt of the United States">Public debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_the_United_States" title="Social programs in the United States">Social welfare programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_States" title="Taxation in the United States">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United_States" title="Unemployment in the United States">Unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in the United States">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_the_United_States" title="Aviation in the United States">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_in_the_United_States" title="Driving in the United States">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Public transportation in the United States">Public transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Rail transportation in the United States">Rail transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Transportation policy of the United States">Transportation policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation safety in the United States">Transportation safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Trucking industry in the United States">Trucking industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Society of the United States">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americana_(culture)" title="Americana (culture)">Americana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Architecture in the United States">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_the_United_States" title="Dance in the United States">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the United States">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economic issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eviction_in_the_United_States" title="Eviction in the United States">eviction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">homeownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_class_in_the_United_States" title="Working class in the United States">working class</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_the_United_States" title="Literacy in the United States">literacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_in_the_United_States" title="Family in the United States">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States" title="Fashion in the United States">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_United_States" title="List of flags of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_United_States" title="Folklore of the United States">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Public holidays in the United States">Holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Federal holidays in the United States">Federal holidays</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_the_United_States" title="Housing in the United States">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Human rights in the United States">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Indigenous languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">ASL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_literature" title="American literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_States" title="Mass media in the United States">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_journalism" title="History of American journalism">journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_States" title="Internet in the United States">internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_newspapers" title="History of American newspapers">newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_States" title="Radio in the United States">radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_United_States" title="National symbols of the United States">National symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_(personification)" title="Columbia (personification)">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_philosophy" title="American philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Political ideologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_United_States" title="Sexuality in the United States">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_United_States" title="Society of the United States">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_United_States" title="Sports in the United States">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_in_the_United_States" title="Theater in the United States">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation in the United States">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_the_United_States" title="Video games in the United States">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_the_United_States" title="Visual art of the United States">Visual art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">Educational attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">Homeownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">Middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">Personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">Standard of living</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_United_States" title="Health in the United States">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aging_of_the_United_States" title="Aging of the United States">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare in the United States">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control_in_the_United_States" title="Birth control in the United States">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenatal_care_in_the_United_States" title="Prenatal care in the United States">Prenatal care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospice_care_in_the_United_States" title="Hospice care in the United States">Hospice care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigrant_health_care_in_the_United_States" title="Immigrant health care in the United States">Immigrant health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_rationing_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare rationing in the United States">Rationing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_finance_in_the_United_States" title="Health care finance in the United States">Health care finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_costs_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance costs in the United States">Health insurance costs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_prices_in_the_United_States" title="Health care prices in the United States">Health care prices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug_prices_in_the_United_States" title="Prescription drug prices in the United States">Prescription drug prices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_in_the_United_States" title="Disability in the United States">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance in the United States">Health insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Food safety in the United States">Food safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physician_shortage_in_the_United_States" title="Physician shortage in the United States">Physician shortage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty and health in the United States">Poverty and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Race and health in the United States">Race and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_the_United_States" title="Obesity in the United States">Obesity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_deserts_in_the_United_States" title="Medical deserts in the United States">Medical deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_reproductive_health_in_the_United_States" title="Women's reproductive health in the United States">Women's reproductive health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_life_expectancy" title="List of U.S. states and territories by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States" title="Capital punishment in the United States">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_the_United_States" title="Incarceration in the United States">incarceration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_United_States_government" title="Criticism of the United States government">Criticism of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_the_United_States" title="Discrimination in the United States">Discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States" title="Affirmative action in the United States">affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="Antisemitism in the United States">antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Intersex rights in the United States">intersex rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia_in_the_United_States" title="Islamophobia in the United States">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Racism against Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Energy policy of the United States">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental issues in the United States">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental movement in the United States">Environmental movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_States" title="Climate change in the United States">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">Gun politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States" title="Mass shootings in the United States">Mass shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_the_United_States" title="Hunger in the United States">Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_the_United_States" title="Tobacco in the United States">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Human rights in the United States">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">illegal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_security_of_the_United_States" title="National security of the United States">National security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States" title="Terrorism in the United States">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid_epidemic_in_the_United_States" title="Opioid epidemic in the United States">Opioid epidemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States" title="Separation of church and state in the United States">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_in_the_United_States" title="Xenophobia in the United States">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;;font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States" title="Category:United States">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Martin_Van_Buren" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Martin_Van_Buren" title="Template:Martin Van Buren"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Martin_Van_Buren" title="Template talk:Martin Van Buren"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Martin_Van_Buren" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Martin Van Buren"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Martin_Van_Buren" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">8th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1837–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">8th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1833–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom">U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom</a> (1831–1832)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_state_of_the_United_States" title="List of secretaries of state of the United States">10th</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> (1829–1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_New_York" title="List of governors of New York">9th</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor of New York</a> (1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">U.S. Senator from New York</a> (1821–1828)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_New_York" title="Attorney General of New York">Attorney General of New York</a> (1815–1819)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bucktails" title="Bucktails">Bucktails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albany_Regency" title="Albany Regency">Albany Regency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall">Tammany Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1821_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1821 United States Senate election in New York">1821 United States Senate election in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary">United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariff_of_Abominations" title="Tariff of Abominations">Tariff of Abominations</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1828_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1828 New York gubernatorial election">1828 New York gubernatorial election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petticoat_affair" title="Petticoat affair">Petticoat affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Cabinet" title="Kitchen Cabinet">Kitchen Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1832 Democratic National Convention">1832 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1835 Democratic National Convention">1835 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Party_System" title="Second Party System">Second Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Buildings" title="Seven Buildings">Seven Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren_National_Historic_Site" title="Martin Van Buren National Historic Site">Martin Van Buren National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1844 Democratic National Convention">1844 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnburners_and_Hunkers" title="Barnburners and Hunkers">Barnburners and Hunkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1848 Democratic National Convention">1848 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Soil_Party" title="Free Soil Party">Free Soil Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Dutch_Church_(Kinderhook,_New_York)" title="Reformed Dutch Church (Kinderhook, New York)">Reformed Dutch Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Martin_Van_Buren" title="Presidency of Martin Van Buren">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Martin_Van_Buren" title="Inauguration of Martin Van Buren">Inauguration of Martin Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1837" title="Panic of 1837">Panic of 1837</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specie_Circular" title="Specie Circular">Specie Circular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Treasury" title="Independent Treasury">Independent Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_New_Echota" title="Treaty of New Echota">Treaty of New Echota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerson%27s_letter_to_Martin_Van_Buren" title="Emerson's letter to Martin Van Buren">Emerson's letter to Martin Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._The_Amistad" title="United States v. The Amistad">United States v. The Amistad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Martin_Van_Buren" title="List of federal judges appointed by Martin Van Buren">List of federal judges appointed by Martin Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Spoon_Oration" title="Gold Spoon Oration">Gold Spoon Oration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election" title="1840 United States presidential election">1840 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1840 Democratic National Convention">1840 Democratic National Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papers_of_Martin_Van_Buren" title="Papers of Martin Van Buren">Papers of Martin Van Buren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recarving_Rushmore" title="Recarving Rushmore">Recarving Rushmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Martin_Van_Buren" title="List of memorials to Martin Van Buren">List of memorials to Martin Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Van_Buren" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Van Buren">Mount Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Van_Buren_(1839)" title="USS Van Buren (1839)">USS Van Buren (1839)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burr_(novel)" title="Burr (novel)">Burr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amistad_(film)" title="Amistad (film)">Amistad</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Van_Buren_Boys" title="The Van Buren Boys">The Van Buren Boys</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Martin_Van_Buren" title="Family of Martin Van Buren">Family of Martin Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Van_Buren" title="Abraham Van Buren">Abraham Van Buren</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Van_Buren" title="John Van Buren">John Van Buren</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Van_Buren_(I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham Van Buren (I)">Abraham Van Buren</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_I._Van_Alen" title="James I. Van Alen">James I. Van Alen</a> (maternal half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelica_Singleton_Van_Buren" title="Angelica Singleton Van Buren">Angelica Singleton Van Buren</a> (daughter-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">← Andrew Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">← John C. Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">Richard Mentor Johnson →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Martin_Van_Buren" title="Category:Martin Van Buren">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29552#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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