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The analysis is" /> <title>(PDF) Testing Schumpeterian growth theory: the role of income inequality as a determinant of research and development expenditures (developed economies) and successful technology transfers (developing econo | Antonio Marasco - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/98191961/Testing_Schumpeterian_growth_theory_the_role_of_income_inequality_as_a_determinant_of_research_and_development_expenditures_developed_economies_and_successful_technology_transfers_developing_econo" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '9387f500ddcbb8d05c67bef28a2fe0334f1aafb8'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1733023189000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1733023189000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"This paper tests a strand of Schumpeterian growth theory that predicts a role for income inequality as a determinant of technology-enhancing activities, in the shape of innovation in the North and of technology transfers in the South. The analysis is conducted at three different levels: by world region, by industrial sector and by country. While the analysis by world region does not produce any clear cut evidence, the analysis by sector yields some evidence that income inequality in the South may have a positive effect on research and development (RnD) expenditures in some industrial sectors located in the North, such as non electricals and pharmaceuticals. Income inequality in both world regions seems also to play a role on the amount of technology that is transferred to the developing world. The sign of the effect might be positive for some sectors and negative for others, but the overall impact is probably negative in the case of Northern income inequality and positive with respe...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Antonio Marasco"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2023-03-08","dateModified":"2023-03-08","datePublished":null,"headline":"Testing Schumpeterian growth theory: the role of income inequality as a determinant of research and development expenditures (developed economies) and successful technology transfers (developing econo","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Economics","Migration","Human Development","Economic Inequality","Developing Country","Inequality","Developing World","Developing 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technology transfers in the South. The analysis is conducted at three different levels: by world region, by industrial sector and by country. While the analysis by world region does not produce any clear cut evidence, the analysis by sector yields some evidence that income inequality in the South may have a positive effect on research and development (RnD) expenditures in some industrial sectors located in the North, such as non electricals and pharmaceuticals. Income inequality in both world regions seems also to play a role on the amount of technology that is transferred to the developing world. The sign of the effect might be positive for some sectors and negative for others, but the overall impact is probably negative in the case of Northern income inequality and positive with respe..."},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Testing Schumpeterian growth theory: the role of income inequality as a determinant of research and development expenditures (developed economies) and successful technology transfers (developing econo","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [29353843]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":99610627,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Testing Schumpeterian growth theory: the role of income inequality as a determinant of research and development expenditures (developed economies) and successful technology transfers (developing econo”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/99610627/mini_magick20230309-1-258rxy.png?1678337191" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Testing Schumpeterian growth theory: the role of income inequality as a determinant of research and development expenditures (developed economies) and successful technology transfers (developing econo</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29353843" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AntonioMarasco"><img alt="Profile image of Antonio Marasco" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Antonio Marasco</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This paper tests a strand of Schumpeterian growth theory that predicts a role for income inequality as a determinant of technology-enhancing activities, in the shape of innovation in the North and of technology transfers in the South. The analysis is conducted at three different levels: by world region, by industrial sector and by country. While the analysis by world region does not produce any clear cut evidence, the analysis by sector yields some evidence that income inequality in the South may have a positive effect on research and development (RnD) expenditures in some industrial sectors located in the North, such as non electricals and pharmaceuticals. Income inequality in both world regions seems also to play a role on the amount of technology that is transferred to the developing world. The sign of the effect might be positive for some sectors and negative for others, but the overall impact is probably negative in the case of Northern income inequality and positive with respe...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":99610627,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/98191961/Testing_Schumpeterian_growth_theory_the_role_of_income_inequality_as_a_determinant_of_research_and_development_expenditures_developed_economies_and_successful_technology_transfers_developing_econo"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":99610627,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/98191961/Testing_Schumpeterian_growth_theory_the_role_of_income_inequality_as_a_determinant_of_research_and_development_expenditures_developed_economies_and_successful_technology_transfers_developing_econo"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="99610627" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/98191961/Testing_Schumpeterian_growth_theory_the_role_of_income_inequality_as_a_determinant_of_research_and_development_expenditures_developed_economies_and_successful_technology_transfers_developing_econo" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="101544055" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/101544055/On_the_impact_of_innovation_and_inequality_in_economic_growth">On the impact of innovation and inequality in economic growth</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="715964" href="https://unifi.academia.edu/EdgarJSanchezCarrera">Edgar J. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/101962736/Innovation_and_income_inequality_12">Innovation and income inequality 12</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2804140" href="https://uni-goettingen.academia.edu/AgnieszkaGehringer">Agnieszka Gehringer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The paper articulates and tests the hypothesis that innovation is a major factor in the reduction of income inequalities. The relationship between the pace of technological change and the dynamics of income inequalities has been first suggested by Kuznets (1955), but found little elaboration and empirical investigation in the subsequent literature. The evidence of a large data set including advanced countries, such as the US, Canada and the members of the European Union, as well as the newly industrializing BRIC members, in the years 1995-2011, confirms the virtuous circle between technological change and income inequalities. JEL classification: N30, O33</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Innovation and income inequality 12","attachmentId":102356914,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/101962736/Innovation_and_income_inequality_12","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/101962736/Innovation_and_income_inequality_12"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="67879770" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67879770/Does_income_distribution_affect_innovation">Does income distribution affect innovation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2778464" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ApiwatRatanawaraha">Apiwat Ratanawaraha</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2002</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this study I specify econometric models that test the hypothesis that income distribution affects innovation. The econometric results suggest that countries with more equal income distribution spend more on innovative activity, produce more innovative outputs, and are more productive in producing innovations than those with less equal income distribution. Other significant determinants of innovation include income level, the size of economic activity, and population density. However, my findings indicate that the effects of income distribution on innovation are limited to developing countries. Income distribution, the size of economic activity, and population density significantly affect innovation expenditures only in developing countries. Income level affects R&D expenditures in both developed and developing countries. Regarding the determinants of innovation output level, income distribution affects only developing countries, whereas the size of economic activity affects both ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Does income distribution affect innovation","attachmentId":78561550,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67879770/Does_income_distribution_affect_innovation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/67879770/Does_income_distribution_affect_innovation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="15844900" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15844900/Innovation_and_growth_Schumpeterian_perspectives">Innovation and growth: Schumpeterian perspectives</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35099716" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FScherer1">F. 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