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Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisciano" title="Prisciano – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Prisciano" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Прысцыян Цэзарэйскі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прысцыян Цэзарэйскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Присциан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Присциан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisci%C3%A0_de_Cesarea" title="Priscià de Cesarea – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Priscià de Cesarea" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priscianus_z_Kaisareie" title="Priscianus z Kaisareie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Priscianus z Kaisareie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priscian" title="Priscian – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Priscian" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Πρισκιανός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρισκιανός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisciano" title="Prisciano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Prisciano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisciano" title="Prisciano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Prisciano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پریسین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پریسین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priscien_de_C%C3%A9sar%C3%A9e" title="Priscien de Césarée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Priscien de Césarée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priscianus_Caesariensis" title="Priscianus Caesariensis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Priscianus Caesariensis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisciano" title="Prisciano – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Prisciano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priscijan_Cezarejski" title="Priscijan Cezarejski – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Priscijan Cezarejski" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisciano" title="Prisciano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Prisciano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priscianus_Caesariensis" title="Priscianus Caesariensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Priscianus Caesariensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priscianus" title="Priscianus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Priscianus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisciano" title="Prisciano – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Prisciano" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priscianus" title="Priscianus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Priscianus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8C%E3%82%B9" title="カエサレアのプリスキアヌス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カエサレアのプリスキアヌス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pryscjan" title="Pryscjan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pryscjan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisciano" title="Prisciano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Prisciano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Присциан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Присциан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priscianus_z_Caesarie" title="Priscianus z Caesarie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Priscianus z Caesarie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priscijan" title="Priscijan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Priscijan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priscianus" title="Priscianus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Priscianus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priscianus_fr%C3%A5n_Caesarea" title="Priscianus från Caesarea – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Priscianus från Caesarea" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Прісціан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прісціан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89" title="普里西安 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="普里西安" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q356433#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Priscian_of_Lydia" title="Priscian of Lydia">Priscian of Lydia</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Priscianus_della_Robbia_OPA_Florence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Priscianus_della_Robbia_OPA_Florence.jpg/270px-Priscianus_della_Robbia_OPA_Florence.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Priscianus_della_Robbia_OPA_Florence.jpg/405px-Priscianus_della_Robbia_OPA_Florence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Priscianus_della_Robbia_OPA_Florence.jpg/540px-Priscianus_della_Robbia_OPA_Florence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1360" /></a><figcaption>Priscian, or the Grammar, relief from the bell tower of <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> by <a href="/wiki/Luca_della_Robbia" title="Luca della Robbia">Luca della Robbia</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Priscianus Caesariensis</b> (<abbr title="floruit ('flourished' – known to have been active at a particular time or during a particular period)">fl.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> AD 500</span>), commonly known as <b>Priscian</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span></span>/</a></span></span>), was a <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> grammarian and the author of the <i>Institutes of Grammar</i>, which was the standard textbook for the study of Latin during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. It also provided the raw material for the field of <a href="/wiki/Modistae" title="Modistae">speculative grammar</a>. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="History"></span><span class="anchor" id="Biography"></span> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Priscian&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The details of Priscian's life are largely unknown. Priscian was born and raised in the North-African city of <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_in_Mauretania" title="Caesarea in Mauretania">Caesarea</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Cherchell</a>, Algeria), the capital of the Roman province of <a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Caesariensis" title="Mauretania Caesariensis">Mauretania Caesariensis</a>, which during his lifetime would be under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Vandalic_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandalic Kingdom">Vandalic Kingdom</a>. He was probably of Greek descent.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Cassiodorus" title="Cassiodorus">Cassiodorus</a>, he taught Latin at <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the early sixth century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1964991_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1964991-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His minor works include a <a href="/wiki/Panegyric" title="Panegyric">panegyric</a> to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Emperor_Anastasius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor Anastasius I">Anastasius</a> (491—518), written about 512,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELejay1911_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELejay1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which helps establish his time period. In addition, the manuscripts of his <i>Institutes</i> contain a subscription to the effect that the work was copied (526, 527) by Flavius Theodorus, a clerk in the imperial secretariat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911360_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911360-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works"><span class="anchor" id="De_Constructione"></span><span class="anchor" id="Institutiones_Grammaticae"></span>Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Priscian&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Firenze,_prisciano,_institutiones_grammaticae,_1290_ca._01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Firenze%2C_prisciano%2C_institutiones_grammaticae%2C_1290_ca._01.jpg/300px-Firenze%2C_prisciano%2C_institutiones_grammaticae%2C_1290_ca._01.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Firenze%2C_prisciano%2C_institutiones_grammaticae%2C_1290_ca._01.jpg/450px-Firenze%2C_prisciano%2C_institutiones_grammaticae%2C_1290_ca._01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Firenze%2C_prisciano%2C_institutiones_grammaticae%2C_1290_ca._01.jpg/600px-Firenze%2C_prisciano%2C_institutiones_grammaticae%2C_1290_ca._01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2956" data-file-height="2013" /></a><figcaption><i>Institutiones Grammaticae</i>, 1290 circa, <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Medicea_Laurenziana" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana">Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana</a>, Florence</figcaption></figure> <p>Priscian's most famous work, the <i>Institutes of Grammar</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Institutiones Grammaticae</i>), is a systematic exposition of Latin grammar. The dedication to Julian probably indicates the consul and patrician, not the author of a well-known epitome of <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian</a>'s <i>Novellae</i>, who lived somewhat later than Priscian. The grammar is divided into eighteen books, of which the first sixteen deal mainly with sounds, word-formation and inflexions; the last two, which form from a fourth to a third of the whole work, deal with syntax.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911360_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911360-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Priscian's grammar is based on the earlier works of <a href="/wiki/Aelius_Herodianus" title="Aelius Herodianus">Herodian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apollonius_Dyscolus" title="Apollonius Dyscolus">Apollonius</a>. The examples it includes to illustrate the rules preserve numerous fragments from Latin authors which would otherwise have been lost, including <a href="/wiki/Ennius" title="Ennius">Ennius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pacuvius" title="Pacuvius">Pacuvius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Accius" title="Lucius Accius">Accius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucilius" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucilius">Lucilius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cato_the_Elder" title="Cato the Elder">Cato</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Terentius_Varro" title="Marcus Terentius Varro">Varro</a>. But the authors whom he quotes most frequently are <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, and, next to him, <a href="/wiki/Terence" title="Terence">Terence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plautus" title="Plautus">Plautus</a>; then <a href="/wiki/Lucan_(poet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucan (poet)">Lucan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satires_of_Juvenal" class="mw-redirect" title="Satires of Juvenal">Juvenal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sallust" title="Sallust">Sallust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Statius" title="Statius">Statius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persius" title="Persius">Persius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911360_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911360-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The grammar was quoted by several writers in Britain of the 8th century - <a href="/wiki/Aldhelm,_Bishop_of_Sherborne" class="mw-redirect" title="Aldhelm, Bishop of Sherborne">Aldhelm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alcuin" title="Alcuin">Alcuin</a> - and was abridged or largely used in the next century by <a href="/wiki/Rabanus_Maurus" title="Rabanus Maurus">Hrabanus Maurus</a> of Fulda and <a href="/wiki/Servatus_Lupus" class="mw-redirect" title="Servatus Lupus">Servatus Lupus</a> of Ferrières. About a thousand manuscripts exist, all ultimately derived from the copy made by Theodorus. Most copies contain only books I—XVI; these are sometimes known as the <i>Priscianus Major</i> ("Greater Priscian"). Others contain only books XVII and XVIII along with the three books to Symmachus; these are known as his work <i>On Construction</i> (<i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">De Constructione</i></span></i>) or the <i>Priscianus Minor</i> ("Lesser Priscian"). A few copies contain both parts. The earliest manuscripts are from the 9th century, though a few fragments are somewhat earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911360_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911360-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Priscian's minor works include:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911360_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911360-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Three treatises dedicated to Symmachus (the father-in-law of <a href="/wiki/Anicius_Manlius_Severinus_Boethius" class="mw-redirect" title="Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius">Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius</a>): on weights and measures; on the metres of <a href="/wiki/Terence" title="Terence">Terence</a>; and the <i>Praeexercitamina</i>, a translation into Latin of Greek rhetorical exercises from <a href="/wiki/Hermogenes_of_Tarsus" title="Hermogenes of Tarsus">Hermogenes</a>.</li> <li><i>De nomine, pronomine, et verbo</i> ("On noun, pronoun, and verb"), an abridgment of part of his <i>Institutes</i> for teaching grammar in schools</li> <li><i>Partitiones xii. versuum Aeneidos principalium</i>: another teaching aid, using question and answer to dissect the first lines of each of the twelve books of the <a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a>. The metre is discussed first, each verse is scanned, and each word thoroughly and instructively examined.</li> <li>The poem on Anastasius mentioned above, in 312 <a href="/wiki/Hexameter" title="Hexameter">hexameters</a> with a short iambic introduction</li> <li>A translation in 1087 hexameters of the verse-form geographical survey by <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_Periegetes" title="Dionysius Periegetes">Dionysius Periegetes</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Priscian&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Books XVII & XVIII of the <i>Institutes</i>, his work <i>On Construction</i>, was part of the <a href="/wiki/Core_curriculum" class="mw-redirect" title="Core curriculum">core curriculum</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a> in the 13th century and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Roger Bacon</a>'s lectures for the class were the probable origin of his own <i><a href="/wiki/Overview_of_Grammar" class="mw-redirect" title="Overview of Grammar">Overview of Grammar</a></i>, one of the first expositions on the idea of a <a href="/wiki/Universal_grammar" title="Universal grammar">universal grammar</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a> places Priscian in Hell among the sodomites in Canto XV of his <i><a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)" title="Inferno (Dante)">Inferno</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dante's contemporaries knew of no historical evidence that Priscian was a sodomite.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Boccaccio" title="Giovanni Boccaccio">Giovanni Boccaccio</a> suggested that Priscian was placed here to signify teachers of grammar in general, who were reputed to frequently sexually abuse their young students.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Editions_and_translations">Editions and translations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Priscian&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Editions and translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Editions</b> </p> <ul><li>Prisciani caesariensis grammatici opera ... Edited by Augvst Krehl. Lipsiae: Weidmann, 1819–20.</li> <li>Prisciani institutionum grammaticalium librorum I-XVI, indices et concordantiae. Curantibus Cirilo Garcia Roman, Marco A. Gutierrez Galindo. Hildesheim, New York: Olms-Weidmann, 2001, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783487113081" title="Special:BookSources/9783487113081">9783487113081</a></li> <li>Prisciani institutionum grammaticalium librorum XVII et XVIII, indices et concordantiae. Curantibus Cirilo Garcia Roman, Marco A. Gutierrez Galindo, Maria del Carmen Diaz de Alda Carlos. Hildesheim, New York: Olms-Weidmann, 1999.</li> <li>Prisciani Caesariensis opuscula. Critical edition edited by Marina Passalacqua with commentary in Italian. Roma: Edizioni di storia e letteratura, 1987 (vol. I: De figuris numerorum. De metris Terentii. Praeexercitamina; vol. II: Institutio de nomine et pronomine et verbo partitiones duodecim versuum aeneidos principalium)</li></ul> <p><b>Latin/German editions</b> </p> <ul><li>Schönberger, A. 2009. <i>Priscians Darstellung der lateinischen Pronomina: lateinischer Text und kommentierte deutsche Übersetzung des 12. und 13. Buches der</i> Institutiones Grammaticae, Frankfurt am Main: Valentia. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-936132-34-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-936132-34-2">978-3-936132-34-2</a> (books XII-XIII; first translation into a modern language.)</li> <li>Schönberger, A. 2008. <i>Priscians Darstellung der lateinischen Präpositionen: lateinischer Text und kommentierte deutsche Übersetzung des 14. Buches der Institutiones Grammaticae</i>, Frankfurt am Main: Valentia, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-936132-18-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-936132-18-2">978-3-936132-18-2</a> (book XIV; first translation into a modern language.)</li> <li>Schönberger, A. 2010. <i>Priscians Darstellung der lateinischen Konjunktionen: lateinischer Text und kommentierte deutsche Übersetzung des 16. Buches der Institutiones Grammaticae</i>, Frankfurt am Main: Valentia. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-936132-09-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-936132-09-0">978-3-936132-09-0</a> (of book XVI; first translation into a modern language.)</li> <li>Schönberger, A. 2010. <i>Priscians Darstellung der lateinischen Syntax (I): lateinischer Text und kommentierte deutsche Übersetzung des 17. Buches der</i> Institutiones Grammaticae, Frankfurt am Main: Valentia. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-936132-10-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-936132-10-6">978-3-936132-10-6</a> (book XVII = first book of the "Priscianus minor"; first translation into a modern language.)</li> <li>Schönberger, A. 2010. <i>Priscians Darstellung des silbisch gebundenen Tonhöhenmorenakzents des Lateinischen: lateinischer Text und kommentierte deutsche Übersetzung des Buches über den lateinischen Akzent</i>, Frankfurt am Main: Valentia. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-936132-11-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-936132-11-3">978-3-936132-11-3</a> (<i>De accentibus</i>; first translation into a modern language).</li></ul> <p><b>Latin/French editions</b> </p> <ul><li>Priscien, <i>Grammaire. Livre VIII - Le verbe</i>, Paris: Vrin 2023.</li> <li>Priscien, <i>Grammaire. Livre XI - XII - XIII - Les hybrides (participe, pronom)</i>, Paris: Vrin 2020.</li> <li>Priscien, <i>Grammaire. Livre XIV - XV - XVI - Les invariables (préposition, adverbe et interjection, conjonction)</i>, Paris: Vrin 2013.</li> <li>Priscien, <i>Grammaire. Livre XVII – Syntaxe I</i>, Paris: Vrin 2010.</li> <li>Priscien, <i>Grammaire. Livre XVIII - Syntaxe II</i>, Paris: Vrin 2017.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Priscian&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkes2012" class="citation book cs1">Wilkes, J. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FDrgCgAAQBAJ&dq=priscian+greek+origin&pg=PA29">"Aelius Donatus (Fourth Century CE) and Priscian (Sixth Century CE)"</a>. In Thomas, Margaret (ed.). <i>Fifty Key Thinkers on Language and Linguistics</i>. Routledge. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-70750-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-70750-6"><bdi>978-1-136-70750-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aelius+Donatus+%28Fourth+Century+CE%29+and+Priscian+%28Sixth+Century+CE%29&rft.btitle=Fifty+Key+Thinkers+on+Language+and+Linguistics&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-136-70750-6&rft.aulast=Wilkes&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFDrgCgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dpriscian%2Bgreek%2Borigin%26pg%3DPA29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APriscian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keil, <i>Gr. Lat.</i> vii. 207</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1964991-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1964991_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones1964">Jones 1964</a>, p. 991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELejay1911-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELejay1911_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLejay1911">Lejay 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911360-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911360_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911360_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911360_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911360_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911360_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 360.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)" title="Inferno (Dante)">Inf.</a></i>, Canto XV, l. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoswell1994" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Boswell" title="John Boswell">Boswell, John E.</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40166490?seq=3">"Dante and the Sodomites"</a>. <i>Dante Studies</i> (112): 65<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dante+Studies&rft.atitle=Dante+and+the+Sodomites&rft.issue=112&rft.pages=65&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Boswell&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40166490%3Fseq%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APriscian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoswell1994" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Boswell" title="John Boswell">Boswell, John E.</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40166490?seq=6">"Dante and the Sodomites"</a>. <i>Dante Studies</i> (112): 68<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dante+Studies&rft.atitle=Dante+and+the+Sodomites&rft.issue=112&rft.pages=68&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Boswell&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40166490%3Fseq%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APriscian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Priscian&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1964" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/A.H.M._Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="A.H.M. Jones">Jones, A.H.M.</a> (1964), <i>The later Roman empire 284-602: A social, economic, and administrative survey</i>, vol. II, Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Basil_Blackwell" title="Basil Blackwell">Basil Blackwell</a>, p. 991, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0631149651" title="Special:BookSources/0631149651"><bdi>0631149651</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+later+Roman+empire+284-602%3A+A+social%2C+economic%2C+and+administrative+survey&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=991&rft.pub=Basil+Blackwell&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=0631149651&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=A.H.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APriscian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLejay1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs2">Lejay, Paul (1911), <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Priscianus"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Priscianus">"Priscianus" </a></span>, in Herbermann, Charles (ed.), <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>, vol. 12, New York: Robert Appleton Company</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Priscianus&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Lejay&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APriscian" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><b>Attribution</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs2"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911), "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Priscian" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Priscian">Priscian</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, vol. 22 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 360</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Priscian&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=360&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APriscian" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Priscian&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>M. Baratin, B. Colombat, L. Holtz, (eds). 2009. <i>Priscien. Transmission et refondation de la grammaire, de l'antiquité aux modernes</i>, Brepols Publishers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-503-53074-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-503-53074-1">978-2-503-53074-1</a>.</li> <li>Luhtala, Anneli. 2005. <i>Grammar and Philosophy in Late Antiquity. A Study of Priscian's Sources</i>. John Benjamins. Series: Studies in the history of the language sciences; 107. Preview available at Google Books as of February 2011.</li> <li>Schönberger, A. 2014: <i>Zur Lautlehre, Prosodie und Phonotaktik des Lateinischen gemäß der Beschreibung Priscians.</i> In: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millennium_(Zeitschrift)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Millennium (Zeitschrift) (page does not exist)">Millennium</a>.</i> Vol. 11, pp. 121–184.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Priscian&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digiliblt.uniupo.it/autore.php">Priscian's works in Latin at The Digital Library of Late-Antique Latin Texts—DigilibLT</a></li> <li><i>Rhetores latini minores</i>, Carl Halm (ed.), Lipsiae in aedibus B. G. Teubneri, 1863, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=srwUAAAAQAAJ">pp. 551-560</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/76294069">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/278158790748238852817">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/87630716">3</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/7928151247963444270005">4</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/95155767385227760243">5</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/58160307480557742198">6</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2425161453831564330001">7</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/187167803613517772879">8</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/461154380952730291290">9</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/213167803615217772888">10</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1842372/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118596624">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82249198">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12046697k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12046697k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Priscianus : Caesariensis"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV024501">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20011211042&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX829554">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/624593">Portugal</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/470952">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069014000">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90593473">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000086277&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=231336">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/gdsvr4c0366dqr6">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810637813205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/3730">Vatican</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/3731">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/3732">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007266758805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14446808">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06785595?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118596624.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118596624">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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