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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geographical distribution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geographical_distribution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geographical distribution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geographical_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <button 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Word stress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Word_stress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Grammar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grammar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Nouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prepositions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prepositions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Prepositions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prepositions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocabulary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocabulary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vocabulary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocabulary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Writing system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tajik language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 116 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-116" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">116 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadjiks" title="Tadjiks – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tadjiks" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B3%E1%8C%82%E1%8A%AD%E1%8A%9B" title="ታጂክኛ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ታጂክኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="ताजिक भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ताजिक भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%AD%D0%B0%D1%9F%D1%8C%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%8C_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Аҭаџьықь бызшәа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аҭаџьықь бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الطاجيكية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الطاجيكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxiquistan%C3%ADn" title="Taxiquistanín – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Taxiquistanín" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacik_dili" title="Tacik dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tacik dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="تاجیک دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تاجیک دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="তাজিক ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাজিক ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajik-g%C3%AD" title="Tajik-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tajik-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Таджыкская мова – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Таджыкская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Таджыцкая мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Таджыцкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="ताजिक भाषा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ताजिक भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Таджикски език – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Таджикски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tad%C5%BEi%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Tadžički jezik – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tadžički jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadjikeg" title="Tadjikeg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tadjikeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadjik" title="Tadjik – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tadjik" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Таджик чĕлхи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Таджик чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1d%C5%BEi%C4%8Dtina" title="Tádžičtina – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tádžičtina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadsjikisk" title="Tadsjikisk – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tadsjikisk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadschikische_Sprache" title="Tadschikische Sprache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tadschikische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tad%C5%BEiki_keel" title="Tadžiki keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tadžiki keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%AF%CE%BA_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Τατζίκ γλώσσα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τατζίκ γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_tayiko" title="Idioma tayiko – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma tayiko" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C4%9Dika_lingvo" title="Taĝika lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Taĝika lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikera" title="Tajikera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tajikera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="تاجیکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاجیکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajik_bhasa" title="Tajik bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Tajik bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadjik" title="Tadjik – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tadjik" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_T%C3%A1ids%C3%ADcis" title="An Táidsícis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Táidsícis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_taxica" title="Lingua taxica – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua taxica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajik-ng%C3%AE" title="Tajik-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tajik-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%A7%80%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4" title="타지크어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="타지크어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Տաջիկերեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տաջիկերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="ताजिकी भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ताजिकी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tad%C5%BAiki%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Tadźikišćina – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Tadźikišćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tad%C5%BEi%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Tadžički jezik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tadžički jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Tayiko" title="Pagsasao a Tayiko – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Tayiko" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Tajik" title="Bahasa Tajik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Tajik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Таджикаг æвзаг – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Таджикаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tads%C3%ADska" title="Tadsíska – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tadsíska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tagica" title="Lingua tagica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua tagica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%AA" title="טג'יקית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טג'יקית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Tajik" title="Basa Tajik – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Tajik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ტაჯიკური ენა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტაჯიკური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%90%DA%A9_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تأجِک زَبان – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="تأجِک زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%99%D0%B6%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Тәжік тілі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тәжік тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igitajiki" title="Igitajiki – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Igitajiki" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitajiki" title="Kitajiki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kitajiki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Таджик кыв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Таджик кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_tac%C3%AEk%C3%AE" title="Zimanê tacîkî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê tacîkî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Тажик тили – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тажик тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Tadzikica" title="Lingua Tadzikica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Tadzikica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tad%C5%BEiku_valoda" title="Tadžiku valoda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tadžiku valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tad%C5%BEik%C5%B3_kalba" title="Tadžikų kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tadžikų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadjici_(lingua)" title="Tadjici (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Tadjici (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1dzsik_nyelv" title="Tádzsik nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tádzsik nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%9F%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Таџички јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Таџички јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_tajiky" title="Fiteny tajiky – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny tajiky" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="താജിക് ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="താജിക് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_Tahiki" title="Reo Tahiki – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Tahiki" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="ताजिक भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ताजिक भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ტაჯიკური ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტაჯიკური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%89" title="لغه تاچيكى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه تاچيكى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="تاجیکی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تاجیکی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Tajik" title="Bahasa Tajik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Tajik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9B_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯇꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯇꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Тажик хэл – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тажик хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="တာဂျစ် ဘာသာစကား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တာဂျစ် ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadzjieks" title="Tadzjieks – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tadzjieks" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="タジク語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タジク語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Таджикийн мотт – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Таджикийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadsjikisk" title="Tadsjikisk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tadsjikisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadsjikisk" title="Tadsjikisk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tadsjikisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Таджик йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Таджик йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tojik_tili" title="Tojik tili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tojik tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਤਾਜਿਕ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਾਜਿਕ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="تاجک بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تاجک بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="تاجيکي ژبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تاجيکي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80" title="ភាសាតាហ្ស៊ីក – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាតាហ្ស៊ីក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Tajiki" title="Lenga Tajiki – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Tajiki" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadschiksche_Spraak" title="Tadschiksche Spraak – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tadschiksche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_tad%C5%BCycki" title="Język tadżycki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język tadżycki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_tajique" title="Língua tajique – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua tajique" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacik_tili" title="Tacik tili – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Tacik tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_tadjic%C4%83" title="Limba tadjică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba tadjică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayik_simi" title="Tayik simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tayik simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Таджикский язык – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Таджикский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Таджик тыла – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Таджик тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱛᱟᱡᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱟᱡᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajik_leid" title="Tajik leid – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tajik leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tajik language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tad%C5%BEi%C4%8Dtina" title="Tadžičtina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tadžičtina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tad%C5%BEi%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Tadžiščina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tadžiščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A%C4%B1_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%D1%8A%C4%B1%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Таджичьскъı ѩꙁъıкъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Таджичьскъı ѩꙁъıкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="زمانی تاجیکی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی تاجیکی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%9F%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Таџички језик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Таџички језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tad%C5%BEi%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Tadžički jezik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tadžički jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tad%C5%BEikin_kieli" title="Tadžikin kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tadžikin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadzjikiska" title="Tadzjikiska – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tadzjikiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Tayiko" title="Wikang Tayiko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Tayiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="தாஜிக் மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாஜிக் மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ภาษาทาจิก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาทาจิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D3%A3" title="Забони тоҷикӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони тоҷикӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacik%C3%A7e" title="Tacikçe – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tacikçe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Таджик кыл – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Таджик кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Таджицька мова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Таджицька мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DA%A9_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تاجک زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تاجک زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%89%D9%83_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="تاجىك تىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تاجىك تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Tajik" title="Tiếng Tajik – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Tajik" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="塔吉克语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="塔吉克语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%87" title="塔吉克文 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="塔吉克文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taciki" title="Taciki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Taciki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="塔吉克语 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="塔吉克语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Tajik" title="Bahasa Tajik – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Tajik" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%C4%8Diki_zyvon" title="Točiki zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Točiki zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9260#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Variety of Persian spoken in Central Asia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Tajik</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Tajiki Persian</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">Тоҷикӣ</span></span> (<span title="Tajik-language text"><i lang="tg-Latn">Tojikī</i></span>), <span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">форсии тоҷикӣ</span></span> (<span title="Tajik-language text"><i lang="tg-Latn">Forsii Tojikī</i></span>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Tajik%22,_written_in_Cyrillic_(T%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D3%A3)_and_Nastaliq_(%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/%22Tajik%22%2C_written_in_Cyrillic_%28T%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D3%A3%29_and_Nastaliq_%28%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%29.svg/150px-%22Tajik%22%2C_written_in_Cyrillic_%28T%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D3%A3%29_and_Nastaliq_%28%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/%22Tajik%22%2C_written_in_Cyrillic_%28T%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D3%A3%29_and_Nastaliq_%28%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%29.svg/225px-%22Tajik%22%2C_written_in_Cyrillic_%28T%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D3%A3%29_and_Nastaliq_%28%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/%22Tajik%22%2C_written_in_Cyrillic_%28T%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D3%A3%29_and_Nastaliq_%28%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%29.svg/300px-%22Tajik%22%2C_written_in_Cyrillic_%28T%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D3%A3%29_and_Nastaliq_%28%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="434" data-file-height="409" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">"Tojikī" written in Cyrillic script and <a href="/wiki/Perso-Arabic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Perso-Arabic script">Perso-Arabic script</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nastaliq" title="Nastaliq">Nastaʿlīq calligraphy</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a><br /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">8.0 million <a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajiks</a> in Tajikistan (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-e27_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">10.0 million for all countries (8.0 million in Tajikistan 2020)<sup id="cite_ref-e27_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Iranian_languages" title="Western Iranian languages">Western Iranian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Iranian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwestern Iranian languages">Southwestern Iranian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Tajik</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukharian_(Judeo-Tajik_dialect)" title="Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik dialect)">Bukharian</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tajik_alphabet" title="Tajik alphabet">Tajik alphabet</a>)</li><li>Historically:</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian alphabet</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ya%C3%B1alif" title="Yañalif">Yañalif</a>-based)</li></ul></div></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew script">Hebrew</a> (by <a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jews" title="Bukharan Jews">Bukharan Jews</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille#Additional_alphabets" title="Russian Braille">Tajik Braille</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Recognised minority<br />language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="vertical-align:middle;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_regulators" title="List of language regulators">Regulated by</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Rudaki_Institute_of_Language_and_Literature" title="Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature">Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=tg">tg</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=443">tgk</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/tgk" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:tgk">tgk</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/taji1245">taji1245</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortensj-garden.org/index.php?tnc=1&tr=lsr&nid=58-AAC-ci">58-AAC-ci</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Distribution_of_the_Tajik_language.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Distribution_of_the_Tajik_language.png/320px-Distribution_of_the_Tajik_language.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Distribution_of_the_Tajik_language.png/480px-Distribution_of_the_Tajik_language.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Distribution_of_the_Tajik_language.png/640px-Distribution_of_the_Tajik_language.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Areas where Tajik speakers comprise a majority shown in dark purple, and areas where Tajik speakers comprise a sizeable minority shown in light purple</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" 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For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:lavender; padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Tajik_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajik people">Tajiks</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender"> History and culture</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tajikistan" title="Culture of Tajikistan">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Tajikistan">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sart" title="Sart">Sart</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender"> Population</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan#Tajiks" title="Ethnic groups in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Canadians" title="Tajik Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajiks_in_Pakistan" title="Tajiks in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Tajikistan#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Americans" title="Tajik Americans">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Uzbekistan" title="Demographics of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tajiks" title="Template:Tajiks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tajiks" title="Template talk:Tajiks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tajiks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tajiks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tajik</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Tajik Persian</b>, <b>Tajiki Persian</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also called <b>Tajiki</b>, is the variety of <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> spoken in <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajiks</a>. It is closely related to neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a> of <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> with which it forms a <a href="/wiki/Dialect_continuum" title="Dialect continuum">continuum</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mutually_intelligible" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutually intelligible">mutually intelligible</a> varieties of the <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian language</a>. Several scholars consider Tajik as a dialectal variety of Persian rather than a language on its own.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The popularity of this conception of Tajik as a variety of Persian was such that, during the period in which <a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajik</a> intellectuals were trying to establish Tajik as a language separate from Persian, prominent intellectual <a href="/wiki/Sadriddin_Ayni" title="Sadriddin Ayni">Sadriddin Ayni</a> counterargued that Tajik was not a "bastardised dialect" of Persian.<sup id="cite_ref-Ido_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ido-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The issue of whether Tajik and Persian are to be considered two dialects of a single language or two discrete languages<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has political aspects to it.<sup id="cite_ref-Ido_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ido-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By way of Early New Persian, Tajik, like <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Persian" title="Iranian Persian">Iranian Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari Persian</a>, is a continuation of <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a>, the official administrative, religious and literary language of the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a> (224–651 CE), itself a continuation of <a href="/wiki/Old_Persian" title="Old Persian">Old Persian</a>, the language of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a> (550–330 BC).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EI_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tajiki is one of the two official languages of Tajikistan, the other being <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a><sup id="cite_ref-RIA-RU_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RIA-RU-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lenta.ru/news/2011/06/09_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lenta.ru/news/2011/06/09-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the official interethnic language. In <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, this language is less influenced by <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic languages</a> and is regarded as a form of <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a>, which has co-official language status.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tajiki Persian of Tajikistan has diverged from Persian as spoken in Afghanistan and even more from that of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> due to political borders, geographical isolation, the standardisation process and the influence of <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> and neighbouring Turkic languages. The standard language is based on the northwestern dialects of Tajik (region of the old major city of <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarqand</a>), which have been somewhat influenced by the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek language</a> as a result of geographical proximity. Tajik also retains numerous archaic elements in its vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar that have been lost elsewhere in the Persophone world, in part due to its relative isolation in the mountains of <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajik_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Up to and including the nineteenth century, speakers in Afghanistan and Central Asia had no separate name for the language and simply regarded themselves as speaking <i>Farsi</i>, which is the <a href="/wiki/Exonym_and_endonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Exonym and endonym">endonym</a> for the Persian language. The term <i>Tajik</i> derives from Persian, although it has been adopted by the speakers themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For most of the 20th century, its name was rendered in the Russian spelling of <i>Tadzhik</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1989, with the growth in Tajik nationalism, a law was enacted declaring Tajik the <a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">state (national) language</a>, with Russian being the <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a> (as throughout the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Union</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the law officially equated Tajik with <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, placing the word <i>Farsi</i> (the endonym for the Persian language) after Tajik. The law also called for a gradual reintroduction of the Perso-Arabic alphabet.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, the word <i>Farsi</i> was removed from the state language law.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographical_distribution">Geographical distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajik_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geographical distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two major cities of <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a>, are in present-day <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, but are defined by a prominent native usage of Tajik language.<sup id="cite_ref-diss_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diss-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (December 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-PB_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PB-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, virtually all Tajik speakers in Bukhara are bilingual in Tajik and Uzbek.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This Tajik–Uzbek <a href="/wiki/Bilingualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilingualism">bilingualism</a> has had a strong influence on the phonology, morphology, and syntax of Bukharan Tajik.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tajiks are also found in large numbers in the <a href="/wiki/Surxondaryo_Region" title="Surxondaryo Region">Surxondaryo Region</a> in the south and along Uzbekistan's eastern border with Tajikistan. Tajiki is still spoken by the majority of the population in Samarkand and Bukhara today although, as <a href="/wiki/Richard_Foltz" title="Richard Foltz">Richard Foltz</a> has noted, their spoken dialects diverge considerably from the standard literary language and most cannot read it.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Official statistics in Uzbekistan state that the Tajik community comprises 5% of the nation's total population.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, these numbers do not include ethnic Tajiks who, for a variety of reasons, choose to identify themselves as Uzbeks in population census forms.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Soviet "<a href="/wiki/Uzbekisation" title="Uzbekisation">Uzbekisation</a>" supervised by <a href="/wiki/Sharof_Rashidov" title="Sharof Rashidov">Sharof Rashidov</a>, the head of the Uzbek Communist Party, Tajiks had to choose either to stay in Uzbekistan and get registered as Uzbek in their passports or leave the republic for the less-developed agricultural and mountainous Tajikistan.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Uzbekisation" movement ended in 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Tajikistan Tajiks constitute 80% of the population and the language dominates in most parts of the country. Some Tajiks in <a href="/wiki/Gorno-Badakhshan" title="Gorno-Badakhshan">Gorno-Badakhshan</a> in southeastern Tajikistan, where the <a href="/wiki/Pamir_languages" title="Pamir languages">Pamir languages</a> are the native languages of most residents, are bilingual. Tajiks are the dominant ethnic group in Northern Afghanistan as well and are also the majority group in scattered pockets elsewhere in the country, particularly urban areas such as <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mazar-i-Sharif" title="Mazar-i-Sharif">Mazar-i-Sharif</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kunduz" title="Kunduz">Kunduz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghazni" title="Ghazni">Ghazni</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a>. Tajiks constitute between 25% and 35% of the total population of the country. In Afghanistan, the dialects spoken by ethnic Tajiks are written using the <a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian alphabet</a> and referred to as <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a>, along with the dialects of other groups in Afghanistan such as the <a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_dialect" title="Hazaragi dialect">Hazaragi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aimaq_dialect" title="Aimaq dialect">Aimaq dialects</a>. Approximately 48%-58% of Afghan citizens are native speakers of Dari.<sup id="cite_ref-AFGHANISTAN_v._Languages_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFGHANISTAN_v._Languages-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large Tajik-speaking <a href="/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora">diaspora</a> exists due to the instability that has plagued Central Asia in recent years, with significant numbers of Tajiks found in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, and beyond. This Tajik diaspora is also the result of the poor state of the economy of Tajikistan and each year approximately one million men leave Tajikistan to gain employment in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialects">Dialects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajik_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tajik dialects can be approximately split into the following groups: </p> <ol><li>Northern dialects (<a href="/wiki/Sughd_Region" title="Sughd Region">Northern Tajikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Varzob" title="Varzob">Varzob</a> valley region of <a href="/wiki/Dushanbe" title="Dushanbe">Dushanbe</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Windfuhr,_Gernot_2009_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Windfuhr,_Gernot_2009-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Central dialects (dialects of the upper <a href="/wiki/Zarafshon_(river)" title="Zarafshon (river)">Zarafshan</a> Valley)<sup id="cite_ref-Windfuhr,_Gernot_2009_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Windfuhr,_Gernot_2009-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Southern dialects (South and East of <a href="/wiki/Dushanbe" title="Dushanbe">Dushanbe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kulob" title="Kulob">Kulob</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Rasht_District" title="Rasht District">Rasht</a> region of Tajikistan)<sup id="cite_ref-Windfuhr,_Gernot_2009_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Windfuhr,_Gernot_2009-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Southeastern dialects (dialects of the <a href="/wiki/Darvaz_(region)" title="Darvaz (region)">Darvoz</a> region and the <a href="/wiki/Amu_Darya" title="Amu Darya">Amu Darya</a> near <a href="/wiki/Rushon" title="Rushon">Rushon</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Windfuhr,_Gernot_2009_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Windfuhr,_Gernot_2009-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>The dialect used by the <a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jews" title="Bukharan Jews">Bukharan Jews</a> of Central Asia is known as the <a href="/wiki/Bukhori_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Bukhori dialect">Bukhori dialect</a> and belongs to the northern dialect grouping. It is chiefly distinguished by the inclusion of <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> terms, principally religious vocabulary, and historical use of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew alphabet</a>. Despite these differences, Bukhori is <a href="/wiki/Mutual_intelligibility" title="Mutual intelligibility">readily intelligible</a> to other Tajik speakers, particularly speakers of northern dialects. </p><p>A very important moment in the development of the contemporary Tajik, especially of the spoken language, is the tendency in changing its dialectal orientation. The dialects of Northern Tajikistan were the foundation of the prevalent standard Tajik, while the Southern dialects did not enjoy either popularity or prestige. Now all politicians and public officials make their speeches in the Kulob dialect, which is also used in broadcasting.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajik_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajik_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The table below lists the six vowel phonemes in standard, literary Tajik. Letters from the Tajik Cyrillic alphabet are given first, followed by IPA transcription. Local dialects frequently have more than the six seen below. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>Tajik vowels<sup id="cite_ref-Khojayori,_Nasrullo_2009_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khojayori,_Nasrullo_2009-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg-Cyrl">и</span></span> <span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg-Cyrl">ӣ</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg-Cyrl">у</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg-Cyrl">е</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e̞</a>/</span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg-Cyrl">ӯ</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Mid_central_rounded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid central rounded vowel">ɵ̞</a>/</span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Mid back rounded vowel">o̞</a>/</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg-Cyrl">а</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a>/</span> </td> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg-Cyrl">о</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a>/</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In northern and Uzbek dialects, classical <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Mid back rounded vowel">o̞</a>/</span> has <a href="/wiki/Chain_shift" title="Chain shift">chain shifted</a> forward in the mouth to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Mid_central_rounded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid central rounded vowel">ɵ̞</a>/</span>. In central and southern dialects, classical <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Mid back rounded vowel">o̞</a>/</span> has chain shifted upward and merged into <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Zarafshon_(river)" title="Zarafshon (river)">Zarafshon</a> dialect, earlier <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/u/</span> has shifted to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a>/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a>/</span>, however <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/u/</span> from earlier <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɵ/</span> remained (possibly due to influence from <a href="/wiki/Yaghnobi_language" title="Yaghnobi language">Yaghnobi</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The open back vowel has varyingly been described as mid-back <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[o̞]</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɒ]</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɔ]</span><sup id="cite_ref-Ido_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ido-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɔː]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is analogous to standard Persian <i>â</i> (long <i>a</i>). However, it is standardly not a back vowel.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The vowel ⟨Ӣ ӣ⟩ usually represents a stressed /i/ at the end of a word. However, not all instances of ⟨Ӣ ӣ⟩ are stressed, as can be seen with the second person singular suffix -ӣ remaining unstressed. </p><p>The vowels /i/, /u/ and /a/ may be reduced to [ə] in unstressed syllables. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajik_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Tajik language contains 24 consonants, 16 of which form contrastive pairs by voicing: [б/п] [в/ф] [д/т] [з/с] [ж/ш] [ҷ/ч] [г/к] [ғ/х].<sup id="cite_ref-Khojayori,_Nasrullo_2009_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khojayori,_Nasrullo_2009-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The table below lists the consonant phonemes in standard, literary Tajik. Letters from the Tajik Cyrillic alphabet are given first, followed by IPA transcription. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">Post-alv.</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">Uvular</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">Nasal</a> </th> <td>м <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a>/</span> </td> <td>н <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Stop_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop consonant">Stop</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">Affricate</a> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a></small> </th> <td>п <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a>/</span> </td> <td>т <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a>/</span> </td> <td>ч <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a>/</span> </td> <td>к <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/</span> </td> <td>қ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a>/</span> </td> <td>ъ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></small> </th> <td>б <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a>/</span> </td> <td>д <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a>/</span> </td> <td>ҷ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a>/</span> </td> <td>г <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">Fricative</a> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a></small> </th> <td>ф <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>/</span> </td> <td>с <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/</span> </td> <td>ш <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>х <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative" title="Voiceless uvular fricative">χ</a>/</span> </td> <td>ҳ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></small> </th> <td>в <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>/</span> </td> <td>з <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>/</span> </td> <td>ж <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>ғ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Approximant consonant">Approximant</a> </th> <td> </td> <td>л <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a>/</span> </td> <td>й <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">Trill</a> </th> <td> </td> <td>р <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>At least in the dialect of <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a>, ⟨Ч ч⟩ and ⟨Ҷ ҷ⟩ are pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">tɕ</a>/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate">dʑ</a>/</span> respectively, with ⟨Ш ш⟩ and ⟨Ж ж⟩ also being <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a>/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative">ʑ</a>/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Word_stress">Word stress</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajik_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Word stress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Word_stress" class="mw-redirect" title="Word stress">Word stress</a> generally falls on the first syllable in finite verb forms and on the last syllable in nouns and noun-like words.<sup id="cite_ref-Khojayori,_Nasrullo_2009_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khojayori,_Nasrullo_2009-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of where stress does not fall on the last syllable are adverbs like: бале (<i>bale</i>, meaning "yes") and зеро (<i>zero</i>, meaning "because"). Stress also does not fall on <a href="/wiki/Enclitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Enclitic">enclitics</a>, nor on the marker of the direct object. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajik_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tajik_grammar" title="Tajik grammar">Tajik grammar</a></div> <p>The word order of Tajiki Persian is <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–object–verb">subject–object–verb</a>. Tajik Persian grammar is similar to the classical Persian grammar (and the grammar of modern varieties such as Iranian Persian).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most notable difference between classical Persian grammar and Tajik Persian grammar is the construction of the present progressive tense in each language. In Tajik, the present progressive form consists of a present progressive participle, from the verb истодан, <i>istodan</i>, 'to stand' and a cliticised form of the verb -acт, <i>-ast</i>, 'to be'.<sup id="cite_ref-Ido_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ido-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1209690778">.mw-parser-output .interlinear .bold{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .interlinear .smallcaps{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:smaller}</style><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">Ман</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">man</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">мактуб</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">maktub</p><p style="margin: 0px;">letter</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">навишта</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">navišta</p><p style="margin: 0px;">write</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">истода-ам</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">istoda-am</p><p style="margin: 0px;">be</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ман мактуб навишта истода-ам</p><p style="display: none;">man maktub navišta istoda-am</p><p style="display: none;">I letter write be</p><p style="clear: left;">'I am writing a letter.'</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>In Iranian Persian, the present progressive form consists of the verb دار, <i>dār</i>, 'to have' followed by a conjugated verb in either the simple present tense, the habitual past tense or the habitual past perfect tense.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">من</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">man</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">دارم</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">dār-am</p><p style="margin: 0px;">have</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">کار</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kār</p><p style="margin: 0px;">work</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;">می‌کنم</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mi:-kon-am</p><p style="margin: 0px;">do</p></div><p style="display: none;">من دارم کار می‌کنم</p><p style="display: none;">man dār-am kār mi:-kon-am</p><p style="display: none;">I have work do</p><p style="clear: left;">'I am working.'</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nouns">Nouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajik_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nouns are not marked for <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_gender" title="Grammatical gender">grammatical gender</a>, although they are marked for number. </p><p>Two forms of number exist in Tajik, singular and plural. The plural is marked by either the suffix <span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">-ҳо</span></span> <span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">-ho</i></span> or <span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">-он</span></span> <span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">-on</i></span> (with contextual variants <span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">-ён</span></span> <span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">-yon</i></span> and <span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">-гон</span></span> <span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">-gon</i></span>), although Arabic loan words may use Arabic forms. There is no definite article, but the indefinite article exists in the form of the number "one" <span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">як</span></span> <span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">yak</i></span> and <span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">-е</span></span> <span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">-e</i></span>, the first positioned before the noun and the second joining the noun as a suffix. When a noun is used as a <a href="/wiki/Direct_object" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct object">direct object</a>, it is marked by the suffix <span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">-ро</span></span> <span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">-ro</i></span>, e.g., <span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">Рустамро задам</span></span> <span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">Rustam-ro zadam</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">I hit Rustam</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>. This direct object suffix is added to the word after any plural suffixes. The form <span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">-ро</span></span> can be literary or formal. In older forms of the Persian language, <span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">-ро</span></span> could indicate both direct and indirect objects and some phrases used in modern <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> and Tajik have maintained this suffix on indirect objects, as seen in the following example: <span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">Худоро шукр</span></span> <span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">Xudo-ro šukr</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Thank God</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). Modern <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> does not use the direct object marker as a suffix on the noun, but rather, as a stand-alone <a href="/wiki/Morpheme" title="Morpheme">morpheme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Khojayori,_Nasrullo_2009_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khojayori,_Nasrullo_2009-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prepositions">Prepositions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajik_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Prepositions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Simple prepositions </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Tajik</th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">аз</span></span> (<span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">az</i></span>)</td> <td>from, through, across </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">ба</span></span> (<span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">ba</i></span>)</td> <td>to </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">бар</span></span> (<span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">bar</i></span>)</td> <td>on, upon, onto </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">бе</span></span> (<span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">be</i></span>)</td> <td>without </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">бо</span></span> (<span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">bo</i></span>)</td> <td>with </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">дар</span></span> (<span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">dar</i></span>)</td> <td>at, in </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">то</span></span> (<span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">to</i></span>)</td> <td>up to, as far as, until </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">чун</span></span> (<span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">čun</i></span>)</td> <td>like, as </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabulary">Vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajik_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tajik is conservative in its vocabulary, retaining numerous terms that have long since fallen into disuse in Iran and Afghanistan, such as <span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">арзиз</span></span> <span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">arziz</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">tin</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> and <span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">фарбеҳ</span></span> <span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">farbeh</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">fat</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>. Most modern <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loan words</a> in Tajik come from <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> as a result of the position of Tajikistan within the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. The vast majority of these Russian loanwords which have entered the Tajik language through the fields of socioeconomics, technology and government, where most of the concepts and vocabulary of these fields have been borrowed from the Russian language. The introduction of Russian loanwords into the Tajik language was largely justified under the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> policy of modernisation and the necessary subordination of all languages to Russian for the achievement of a <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communist</a> state.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vocabulary also comes from the geographically close <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek language</a> and, as is usual in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> countries, from <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>. Since the late 1980s, an effort has been made to replace loanwords with native equivalents, using either old terms that had fallen out of use or coined terminology (including from Iranian Persian). Many of the coined terms for modern items such as <span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">гармкунак</span></span> <span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">garmkunak</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">heater</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> and <span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">чангкашак</span></span> <span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">čangkašak</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">vacuum cleaner</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> differ from their Afghan and Iranian equivalents, adding to the difficulty in intelligibility between Tajik and other forms of <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>. </p><p>In the table below, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> refers to the standard language of Iran, which differs somewhat from the <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari Persian</a> of Afghanistan. Two other Iranian languages, <a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurmanji" title="Kurmanji">Kurdish (Kurmanji)</a>, have also been included for comparative purposes. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Tajik</th> <th><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">моҳ</span></span><br /><small><span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">moh</i></span></small></th> <th><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">нав</span></span><br /><small><span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">nav</i></span></small></th> <th><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">модар</span></span><br /><small><span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">modar</i></span></small></th> <th><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">хоҳар</span></span><br /><small><span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">xohar</i></span></small></th> <th><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">шаб</span></span><br /><small><span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">šab</i></span></small></th> <th><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">бинӣ</span></span><br /><small><span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">binī</i></span></small></th> <th><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">се</span></span><br /><small><span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">se</i></span></small></th> <th><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">сиёҳ</span></span><br /><small><span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">siyoh</i></span></small></th> <th><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">сурх</span></span><br /><small><span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">surx</i></span></small></th> <th><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">зард</span></span><br /><small><span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">zard</i></span></small></th> <th><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">сабз</span></span><br /><small><span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">sabz</i></span></small></th> <th><span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">гург</span></span><br /><small><span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">gurg</i></span></small> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="13">Other <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Persian_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Language">Persian</a> </th> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ماه</span></span><br /> <small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">māh</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">نَو</span></span><br /> <small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">naw</i></span><br /><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">now</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">مادَر</span></span><br /> <small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">mādar</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">خْواهَر</span></span><br /> <small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">xāhar</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">شَب</span></span><br /> <small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">šab</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">بِینِی</span></span><br /> <small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">bīnī</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">سِه</span></span><br /> <small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">sē</i></span><br /><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">se</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">سِياه</span></span><br /> <small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">siyāh</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">سُرْخ</span></span><br /> <small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">surx</i></span><br /><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">sorx</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">زَرْد</span></span><br /> <small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">zard</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">سَبْز</span></span><br /> <small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">sabz</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">گُرْگ</span></span><br /> <small><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">gurg</i></span><br /><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">gorg</i></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a> </th> <td><span title="Pashto-language text"><span lang="ps" dir="rtl">مْیاشْت</span></span><br /><small><span title="Pashto-language romanization"><i lang="ps-Latn">myâsht</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Pashto-language text"><span lang="ps" dir="rtl">نٙوَی<br />نٙوَے</span></span><br /><small><span title="Pashto-language romanization"><i lang="ps-Latn">nəway</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Pashto-language text"><span lang="ps" dir="rtl">مور</span></span><br /><small><span title="Pashto-language romanization"><i lang="ps-Latn">mor</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Pashto-language text"><span lang="ps" dir="rtl">خور</span></span><br /><small><span title="Pashto-language romanization"><i lang="ps-Latn">xor</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Pashto-language text"><span lang="ps" dir="rtl">ښْپَه</span></span><br /><small><span title="Pashto-language romanization"><i lang="ps-Latn">shpa</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Pashto-language text"><span lang="ps" dir="rtl">پوزَه</span></span><br /><small><span title="Pashto-language romanization"><i lang="ps-Latn">poza</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Pashto-language text"><span lang="ps" dir="rtl">دْرې</span></span><br /><small><span title="Pashto-language romanization"><i lang="ps-Latn">dre</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Pashto-language text"><span lang="ps" dir="rtl">تور</span></span><br /><small><span title="Pashto-language romanization"><i lang="ps-Latn">tor</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Pashto-language text"><span lang="ps" dir="rtl">سُور</span></span><br /><small><span title="Pashto-language romanization"><i lang="ps-Latn">sur</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Pashto-language text"><span lang="ps" dir="rtl">زْیَړ</span></span><br /><small><span title="Pashto-language romanization"><i lang="ps-Latn">zyaṛ</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Pashto-language text"><span lang="ps" dir="rtl">شِين، زٙرْغُون</span></span><br /><small><span title="Pashto-language romanization"><i lang="ps-Latn">shin, zərghun</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Pashto-language text"><span lang="ps" dir="rtl">لېوٙه<br />لېوۀ</span></span><br /><small><span title="Pashto-language romanization"><i lang="ps-Latn">lewə</i></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kurmanji" title="Kurmanji">Kurdish (Kurmanji)</a> </th> <td><span title="Kurmanji Kurdish-language text"><i lang="kmr">meh</i></span></td> <td><span title="Kurmanji Kurdish-language text"><i lang="kmr">nû</i></span></td> <td><span title="Kurmanji Kurdish-language text"><i lang="kmr">dê</i></span></td> <td><span title="Kurmanji Kurdish-language text"><i lang="kmr">xwîşk</i></span></td> <td><span title="Kurmanji Kurdish-language text"><i lang="kmr">şev</i></span></td> <td><span title="Kurmanji Kurdish-language text"><i lang="kmr">poz</i></span></td> <td><span title="Kurmanji Kurdish-language text"><i lang="kmr">sisê, sê</i></span></td> <td><span title="Kurmanji Kurdish-language text"><i lang="kmr">reş</i></span></td> <td><span title="Kurmanji Kurdish-language text"><i lang="kmr">sor</i></span></td> <td><span title="Kurmanji Kurdish-language text"><i lang="kmr">zer</i></span></td> <td><span title="Kurmanji Kurdish-language text"><i lang="kmr">kesk</i></span></td> <td><span title="Kurmanji Kurdish-language text"><i lang="kmr">gur</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Sorani" title="Sorani">Kurdish (Sorani)</a> </th> <td><span title="Sorani Kurdish-language text"><i lang="ckb-Latn">mang</i></span></td> <td><span title="Sorani Kurdish-language text"><i lang="ckb-Latn">nwê</i></span></td> <td><span title="Sorani Kurdish-language text"><i lang="ckb-Latn">dayik</i></span></td> <td><span title="Sorani Kurdish-language text"><i lang="ckb-Latn">xoşk</i></span></td> <td><span title="Sorani Kurdish-language text"><i lang="ckb-Latn">şew</i></span></td> <td><span title="Sorani Kurdish-language text"><i lang="ckb-Latn">lût</i></span></td> <td><span title="Sorani Kurdish-language text"><i lang="ckb-Latn">sê</i></span></td> <td><span title="Sorani Kurdish-language text"><i lang="ckb-Latn">reş</i></span></td> <td><span title="Sorani Kurdish-language text"><i lang="ckb-Latn">sûr</i></span></td> <td><span title="Sorani Kurdish-language text"><i lang="ckb-Latn">zerd</i></span></td> <td><span title="Sorani Kurdish-language text"><i lang="ckb-Latn">sewz</i></span></td> <td><span title="Sorani Kurdish-language text"><i lang="ckb-Latn">gurg</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="13">Other <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </th> <td>month</td> <td>new</td> <td>mother</td> <td>sister</td> <td>night</td> <td>nose</td> <td>three</td> <td>black</td> <td>red</td> <td>yellow</td> <td>green</td> <td>wolf </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> </th> <td><span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy">ամիս</span></span><br /><small><span title="Armenian-language romanization"><i lang="hy-Latn">amis</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy">նոր</span></span><br /><small><span title="Armenian-language romanization"><i lang="hy-Latn">nor</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy">մայր</span></span><br /><small><span title="Armenian-language romanization"><i lang="hy-Latn">mayr</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy">քույր</span></span><br /><small><span title="Armenian-language romanization"><i lang="hy-Latn">k'uyr</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy">գիշեր</span></span><br /><small><span title="Armenian-language romanization"><i lang="hy-Latn">gišer</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy">քիթ</span></span><br /><small><span title="Armenian-language romanization"><i lang="hy-Latn">k'it'</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy">երեք</span></span><br /><small><span title="Armenian-language romanization"><i lang="hy-Latn">yerek'</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy">սև</span></span><br /><small><span title="Armenian-language romanization"><i lang="hy-Latn">sev</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy">կարմիր</span></span><br /><small><span title="Armenian-language romanization"><i lang="hy-Latn">karmir</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy">դեղին</span></span><br /><small><span title="Armenian-language romanization"><i lang="hy-Latn">deġin</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy">կանաչ</span></span><br /><small><span title="Armenian-language romanization"><i lang="hy-Latn">kanač</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy">գայլ</span></span><br /><small><span title="Armenian-language romanization"><i lang="hy-Latn">gayl</i></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> </th> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">मास</span></span><br /><small><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">māsa</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">नव</span></span><br /><small><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">nava</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">मातृ</span></span><br /><small><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">mātr̥</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">स्वसृ</span></span><br /><small><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">svasr̥</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">नक्त</span></span><br /><small><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">nakta</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">नास</span></span><br /><small><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">nāsa</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">त्रि</span></span><br /><small><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">tri</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">श्याम</span></span><br /><small><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">śyāma</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">रुधिर</span></span><br /><small><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">rudhira</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">पीत</span></span><br /><small><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">pīta</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">हरित</span></span><br /><small><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">harita</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">वृक</span></span><br /><small><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">vr̥ka</i></span></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> </th> <td><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">месяц</span></span><br /><small><span title="ISO 9 Cyrillic (Russian language) transliteration"><i lang="ru-Latn">mesjac</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">новый</span></span><br /><small><span title="ISO 9 Cyrillic (Russian language) transliteration"><i lang="ru-Latn">novyj</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">мать</span></span><br /><small><span title="ISO 9 Cyrillic (Russian language) transliteration"><i lang="ru-Latn">matʹ</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">сестра</span></span><br /><small><span title="ISO 9 Cyrillic (Russian language) transliteration"><i lang="ru-Latn">sestra</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">ночь</span></span><br /><small><span title="ISO 9 Cyrillic (Russian language) transliteration"><i lang="ru-Latn">nočʹ</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">нос</span></span><br /><small><span title="ISO 9 Cyrillic (Russian language) transliteration"><i lang="ru-Latn">nos</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">три</span></span><br /><small><span title="ISO 9 Cyrillic (Russian language) transliteration"><i lang="ru-Latn">tri</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">чёрный</span></span><br /><small><span title="ISO 9 Cyrillic (Russian language) transliteration"><i lang="ru-Latn">čërnyj</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">красный, рыжий</span></span><br /><small><span title="ISO 9 Cyrillic (Russian language) transliteration"><i lang="ru-Latn">krasnyj, ryžij</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">жёлтый</span></span><br /><small><span title="ISO 9 Cyrillic (Russian language) transliteration"><i lang="ru-Latn">žëltyj</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">зелёный</span></span><br /> <small><span title="ISO 9 Cyrillic (Russian language) transliteration"><i lang="ru-Latn">zelënyj</i></span></small></td> <td><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">волк</span></span><br /><small><span title="ISO 9 Cyrillic (Russian language) transliteration"><i lang="ru-Latn">volk</i></span></small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_system">Writing system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajik_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Writing system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tajik_alphabet" title="Tajik alphabet">Tajik alphabet</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Tajik_ASSR.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Coat_of_Arms_of_Tajik_ASSR.gif" decoding="async" width="219" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tajik_ASSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajik ASSR">Tajik ASSR</a> 1929 coat of arms with Tajik language in Perso-Arabic script: <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">جمهوريت اجتماعی شوروى مختار تاجيكستان</span></span>, Current script: Ҷумҳурият Иҷтимоӣ Шӯравӣ Мухтор Тоҷикистон</figcaption></figure> <p>In Tajikistan and other countries of the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, Tajik Persian is currently written in the <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a>, although it was written in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> beginning in 1928 and the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic alphabet</a> prior to 1928. In the <a href="/wiki/Tajik_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic">Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic</a>, the use of the Latin script was later replaced in 1939 by the Cyrillic script.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tajik alphabet added six additional letters to the Cyrillic script inventory and these additional letters are distinguished in the Tajik orthography by the use of diacritics.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajik_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to many scholars, the New Persian language (which subsequently evolved into the Persian forms spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan) developed in <a href="/wiki/Transoxiana" title="Transoxiana">Transoxiana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a>, in what are today parts of Afghanistan, Iran, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> and Tajikistan. While the New Persian language was descended primarily from <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a>, it also incorporated substantial elements of other <a href="/wiki/Middle_Iranian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a> of ancient Central Asia, such as <a href="/wiki/Sogdian_language" title="Sogdian language">Sogdian</a>. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Islamic</a> conquest of Iran and most of Central Asia in the 8th century AD, <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> for a time became the court language and <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> and other Iranian languages were relegated to the private sphere. In the 9th century AD, following the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Samanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Samanid">Samanids</a>, whose state was centered around the cities of <a href="/wiki/Bukhoro" class="mw-redirect" title="Bukhoro">Bukhoro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Buxoro" class="mw-redirect" title="Buxoro">Buxoro</a>), <a href="/wiki/Samarqand" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarqand">Samarqand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a> and covered much of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan and northeastern Iran, New Persian emerged as the court language and swiftly displaced Arabic. </p><p>New Persian became the lingua franca of Central Asia for centuries, although it eventually lost ground to the <a href="/wiki/Chaghatai_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaghatai language">Chaghatai language</a> in much of its former domains as a growing number of <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> tribes moved into the region from the east. Since the 16th century AD, Tajik has come under increasing pressure from neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic languages</a>. Once spoken in areas of <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Merv" title="Merv">Merv</a>, Tajik is today virtually non-existent in that country. <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a> has also largely replaced Tajik in most areas of modern Uzbekistan – the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> in particular implemented <a href="/wiki/Turkification" title="Turkification">Turkification</a> among Tajiks in Ferghana and Samarqand, replacing the dominant language in those areas with Uzbek.<sup id="cite_ref-NourzhanovBleuer2013_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NourzhanovBleuer2013-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, Tajik persisted in pockets, notably in Samarqand, Bukhoro and <a href="/wiki/Surxondaryo_Region" title="Surxondaryo Region">Surxondaryo Region</a>, as well as in much of what is today Tajikistan. </p><p>The creation of the <a href="/wiki/Tajik_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic">Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in 1929 helped to safeguard the future of Tajik, as it became an official language of the republic alongside <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>. Still, substantial numbers of Tajik speakers remained outside the borders of the republic, mostly in the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic">Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic</a>, which created a source of tension between <a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajiks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a>. Neither Samarqand nor Bukhoro was included in the nascent Tajik SSR, despite their immense historical importance in Tajik history. After the creation of the Tajik SSR, a large number of ethnic Tajiks from the Uzbek SSR migrated there, particularly to the region of the capital, <a href="/wiki/Dushanbe" title="Dushanbe">Dushanbe</a>, exercising a substantial influence in the republic's political, cultural and economic life. The influence of this influx of ethnic Tajik immigrants from the Uzbek SSR is most prominently manifested in the fact that literary Tajik is based on their northwestern dialects of the language, rather than the central dialects that are spoken by the natives in the Dushanbe region and adjacent areas. </p><p>After the fall of the Soviet Union and Tajikistan's independence in 1991, the government of Tajikistan has made substantial efforts to promote the use of Tajik in all spheres of public and private life. Tajik is gaining ground among the once-<a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russified</a> upper classes and continues its role as the vernacular of the majority of the country's population. There has been a rise in the number of Tajik publications. Increasing contact with media from Iran and Afghanistan, after decades of isolation under the Soviets, as well as governmental orientation toward a "Persianisation" of the language have brought closer Tajik and the other Persian dialects. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajik_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tajikistan" title="Portal:Tajikistan">Tajikistan portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Globe_of_letters.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/28px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/42px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/56px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Language" title="Portal:Language">Language portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Persian_Language_and_Literature" title="Academy of Persian Language and Literature">Academy of Persian Language and Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukhori_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Bukhori dialect">Bukhori Judeo-Tajik dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_studies" title="Iranian studies">Iranian studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Persian_poets_and_authors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Persian poets and authors">List of Persian poets and authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tajik_musicians" title="List of Tajik musicians">List of Tajik musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_alphabet" title="Tajik alphabet">Tajik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surudi_Milli" title="Surudi Milli">Surudi Milli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Help:IPA/Persian</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajik_language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Endonym_and_exonym" title="Endonym and exonym">Endonym</a>: <span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">(забони) тоҷикӣ</span></span>, <span title="Tajik-language text"><i lang="tg-Latn">(zaboni) tojikī</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tg-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">[(zɐˈbɔnɪ)<span class="wrap"> </span>tʰɔdʒɪˈkʰi]</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tajik: <span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">форсии тоҷикӣ</span></span>, <span title="Tajik-language text"><i lang="tg-Latn">forsii tojikī</i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tg-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">[fɔɾˈsijɪ<span class="wrap"> </span>tʰɔdʒɪˈkʰi]</a></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e27-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-e27_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e27_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/tgk">Tajik</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (27th ed., 2024) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=tgk">"Tajik"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tajik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_language.asp%3Fcode%3Dtgk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lazard, G. 1989</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Halimov 1974: 30–31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oafforov 1979: 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ido-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ido_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ido_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ido_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ido_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shinji ldo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ebooks.cn.com/study-list/shinji-ido-tajik_r0sc.html">Tajik</a>. Published by UN COM GmbH 2005 (LINCOM EUROPA)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Studies pertaining to the association between Tajik and Persian include Amanova (1991), Kozlov (1949), Lazard (1970), Rozenfel'd (1961) and Wei-Mintz (1962). The following papers/presentations focus on specific aspects of Tajik and their historical modern Persian counterparts: Cejpek (1956), Jilraev (1962), Lorenz (1961, 1964), Murav'eva (1956), Murav'eva and Rubinl!ik (1959), Ostrovskij (1973) and Sadeghi (1991).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lazard, Gilbert (1975), <i>The Rise of the New Persian Language</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">in Frye, R. N., <i>The Cambridge History of Iran</i>, Vol. 4, pp. 595–632, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EI-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EI_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Frye,_R._N." class="mw-redirect" title="Frye, R. N.">Frye, R. N.</a>, "Darī", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i>, Brill Publications, CD version</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Foltz" title="Richard Foltz">Richard Foltz</a>, <i>A History of the Tajiks: Iranians of the East</i>, London: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury" title="Bloomsbury">Bloomsbury</a>, 2nd ed., 2023, pp. 2–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RIA-RU-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RIA-RU_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/culture/20091022/190107839.html">"The status of the Russian language in Tajikistan remains unchanged – Rahmon"</a>. RIA – RIA.ru. 22 October 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161002141721/https://ria.ru/culture/20091022/190107839.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+status+of+the+Russian+language+in+Tajikistan+remains+unchanged+%E2%80%93+Rahmon&rft.pub=RIA+%E2%80%93+RIA.ru&rft.date=2009-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2Fculture%2F20091022%2F190107839.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lenta.ru/news/2011/06/09-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lenta.ru/news/2011/06/09_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lenta.ru/news/2011/06/09/russian">"В Таджикистане русскому языку вернули прежний статус"</a>. Lenta.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130905014016/http://lenta.ru/news/2011/06/09/russian/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92+%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%83+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81&rft.pub=Lenta.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flenta.ru%2Fnews%2F2011%2F06%2F09%2Frussian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibrary" class="citation web cs1">Library, International and Area Studies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guides.library.illinois.edu/c.php?g=347570&p=2349642">"LibGuides: Dari Language: Language History"</a>. <i>guides.library.illinois.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=guides.library.illinois.edu&rft.atitle=LibGuides%3A+Dari+Language%3A+Language+History&rft.aulast=Library&rft.aufirst=International+and+Area+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguides.library.illinois.edu%2Fc.php%3Fg%3D347570%26p%3D2349642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ben Walter, <i>Gendering Human Security in Afghanistan in a Time of Western Intervention</i> (Routledge 2017), p. 51: for more details, see the article on <a href="/wiki/Tajik_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajik people">Tajik people</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nswoAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Tadzhik+language%22&pg=PA267">"Foreign Social Science Bibliographies: Series P-92"</a>. 1965.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foreign+Social+Science+Bibliographies%3A+Series+P-92&rft.date=1965&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnswoAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3D%2522Tadzhik%2Blanguage%2522%26pg%3DPA267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1990 the Russian language was declared as the official language of <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> and the constituent republics had rights to declare additional state languages within their jurisdictions. See Article 4 of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legal-ussr.narod.ru/data01/tex10935.htm">Law on Languages of Nations of USSR.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160508201331/http://legal-ussr.narod.ru/data01/tex10935.htm">Archived</a> 2016-05-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sgW_HEcULMYC&dq=tajikistan+alphabet+struggle&pg=PA219">ed. Ehteshami 2002</a>, p. 219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qkKOpAYG7zMC&dq=tajikistan+alphabet+struggle&pg=PA274">ed. Malik 1996</a>, p. 274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BrM_Ms9OVsEC&dq=central+asia+alphabet+struggle&pg=PA33">Banuazizi & Weiner 1994</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddikzoda2002" class="citation magazine cs1">Siddikzoda, Sukhail (August 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060613195726/http://www.cimera.org/files/camel/en/27e/MICA27E-Siddikzoda.pdf">"Tajik Language: Farsi or Not Farsi?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Media Insight Central Asia</i>. No. 27. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cimera.org/files/camel/en/27e/MICA27E-Siddikzoda.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 13, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Media+Insight+Central+Asia&rft.atitle=Tajik+Language%3A+Farsi+or+Not+Farsi%3F&rft.issue=27&rft.date=2002-08&rft.aulast=Siddikzoda&rft.aufirst=Sukhail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cimera.org%2Ffiles%2Fcamel%2Fen%2F27e%2FMICA27E-Siddikzoda.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-diss-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-diss_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Rezvani: "Ethno-territorial conflict and coexistence in the Caucasus, Central Asia and Fereydan. Appendix 4: Tajik population in Uzbekistan" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://dare.uva.nl/document/469926">[1]</a>). Dissertation. Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam" title="University of Amsterdam">University of Amsterdam</a>. 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PB-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PB_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bergne" title="Paul Bergne">Paul Bergne</a>: <i>The Birth of Tajikistan. National Identity and the Origins of the Republic</i>. International Library of Central Asia Studies. <a href="/wiki/I.B._Tauris" title="I.B. Tauris">I.B. Tauris</a>. 2007. Pg. 106</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shinji Ido. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rutracker.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=3431055">Bukharan Tajik</a>. Muenchen: LINCOM EUROPA 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoltz2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Foltz" title="Richard Foltz">Foltz, Richard</a> (2023). <i>A History of the Tajiks: Iranians of the East, 2nd edition</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7556-4964-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7556-4964-8"><bdi>978-0-7556-4964-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Tajiks%3A+Iranians+of+the+East%2C+2nd+edition&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-7556-4964-8&rft.aulast=Foltz&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Uzbekistan. <i>The World Factbook</i>. Central Intelligence Agency (December 13, 2007). Retrieved on 2007-12-26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See for example the Country report on Uzbekistan, released by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/1999/369.htm">here</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rahim Masov, <i>The History of the Clumsy Delimitation</i>, Irfon Publ. House, Dushanbe, 1991 <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span>. English translation: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angelfire.com/rnb/bashiri/Masov/frame.html"><i>The History of a National Catastrophe</i></a>, transl. <a href="/wiki/Iraj_Bashiri" title="Iraj Bashiri">Iraj Bashiri</a>, 1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rahim Masov. (1996)<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angelfire.com/rnb/bashiri/Masov/MasovHistoryNationalCatastrophe.pdf">The History of a National Catastrophe</a> Bashiri Working Papers on Central Asia and Iran</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AFGHANISTAN_v._Languages-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AFGHANISTAN_v._Languages_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/afghanistan-v-languages">"Afghanistan v. Languages"</a>. <i>Ch. M. Kieffer</i>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a>, online ed<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2010</span>. <q>Persian (2) is the language most spoken in Afghanistan. The native tongue of twenty-five percent of the population ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ch.+M.+Kieffer&rft.atitle=Afghanistan+v.+Languages&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fafghanistan-v-languages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/101east/2013/07/201372393525174524.html">"Tajikistan's missing men | Tajikistan | al Jazeera"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tajikistan%27s+missing+men+%26%23124%3B+Tajikistan+%26%23124%3B+al+Jazeera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fprogrammes%2F101east%2F2013%2F07%2F201372393525174524.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Windfuhr,_Gernot_2009-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Windfuhr,_Gernot_2009_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Windfuhr,_Gernot_2009_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Windfuhr,_Gernot_2009_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Windfuhr,_Gernot_2009_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Windfuhr, Gernot. "Persian and Tajik." The Iranian Languages. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009. 421</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E.K. Sobirov (Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iling-ran.ru/library/sborniki/for_lang/2014_06/4.pdf">On learning the vocabulary of the Tajik language in modern times</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khojayori,_Nasrullo_2009-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Khojayori,_Nasrullo_2009_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khojayori,_Nasrullo_2009_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khojayori,_Nasrullo_2009_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khojayori,_Nasrullo_2009_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Khojayori, Nasrullo, and Mikael Thompson. Tajiki Reference Grammar for Beginners. Washington, DC: Georgetown UP, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3sNV38u-zBwC">A Beginners' Guide to Tajiki</a></i> by Azim Baizoyev and John Hayward, Routledge, London and New York, 2003, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovák2013" class="citation book cs1">Novák, Ľubomír (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4896441"><i>Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)</i></a>. Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Problem+of+Archaism+and+Innovation+in+the+Eastern+Iranian+Languages+%28PhD+dissertation%29&rft.place=Prague&rft.pub=Univerzita+Karlova+v+Praze%2C+filozofick%C3%A1+fakulta&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Nov%C3%A1k&rft.aufirst=%C4%BDubom%C3%ADr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F4896441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lazard, G. 1956</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perry, J. R. (2005)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nakanishi, Akira, <i>Writing Systems of the World</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Korotkow, M. (2004)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Standard Tajik phonology</i> by Shinji Ido, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ido, Shinji. 2014. Illustrations of the IPA: Bukharan Tajik. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 44. 87–102. Cambridge University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perry, J. R. 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Windfuhr, Gernot. Persian Grammar: History and State of Its Study. De Gruyter, 1979. Trends in Linguistics. State-Of-The-Art Reports.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarashiJazayery1994" class="citation book cs1">Marashi, Mehdi; Jazayery, Mohammad Ali (1994). <i>Persian Studies in North America: Studies in Honor of Mohammad Ali Jazayery</i>. Bethesda, MD: Iranbooks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780936347356" title="Special:BookSources/9780936347356"><bdi>9780936347356</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Persian+Studies+in+North+America%3A+Studies+in+Honor+of+Mohammad+Ali+Jazayery&rft.place=Bethesda%2C+MD&rft.pub=Iranbooks&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780936347356&rft.aulast=Marashi&rft.aufirst=Mehdi&rft.au=Jazayery%2C+Mohammad+Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Windfuhr, Gernot. "Persian and Tajik." The Iranian Languages. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009. 420.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Windfuhr, Gernot. "Persian and Tajik." The Iranian Languages. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009. 423.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NourzhanovBleuer2013-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NourzhanovBleuer2013_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirill_NourzhanovChristian_Bleuer2013" class="citation book cs1">Kirill Nourzhanov; Christian Bleuer (8 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nR6oAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA22"><i>Tajikistan: A Political and Social History</i></a>. ANU E Press. pp. 22–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-925021-16-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-925021-16-5"><bdi>978-1-925021-16-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tajikistan%3A+A+Political+and+Social+History&rft.pages=22-&rft.pub=ANU+E+Press&rft.date=2013-10-08&rft.isbn=978-1-925021-16-5&rft.au=Kirill+Nourzhanov&rft.au=Christian+Bleuer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnR6oAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Sources</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaizoyevHayward2004" class="citation book cs1">Baizoyev, Azim; Hayward, John (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/BeginnerTajik"><i>A beginner's guide to Tajiki</i></a>. London: RoutledgeCurzon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-31597-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-31597-2"><bdi>0-415-31597-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+beginner%27s+guide+to+Tajiki&rft.place=London&rft.pub=RoutledgeCurzon&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-415-31597-2&rft.aulast=Baizoyev&rft.aufirst=Azim&rft.au=Hayward%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FBeginnerTajik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span> (includes a Tajiki-English Dictionary)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoltz2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Foltz" title="Richard Foltz">Foltz, Richard</a> (2023). <i>A History of the Tajiks: Iranians of the East, 2nd edition</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7556-4964-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7556-4964-8"><bdi>978-0-7556-4964-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Tajiks%3A+Iranians+of+the+East%2C+2nd+edition&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-7556-4964-8&rft.aulast=Foltz&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIdo2005" class="citation book cs1">Ido, Shinji (2005). <i>Tajik</i>. München: Lincom Europa. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-89586-316-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-89586-316-5"><bdi>3-89586-316-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tajik&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen&rft.pub=Lincom+Europa&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=3-89586-316-5&rft.aulast=Ido&rft.aufirst=Shinji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorotow2004" class="citation book cs1">Korotow, Michael (2004). <i>Tadschikisch Wort für Wort</i>. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag Peter Rump. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-89416-347-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-89416-347-X"><bdi>3-89416-347-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tadschikisch+Wort+f%C3%BCr+Wort&rft.place=Bielefeld&rft.pub=Reise+Know-How+Verlag+Peter+Rump&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=3-89416-347-X&rft.aulast=Korotow&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhojayoriThompson2009" class="citation book cs1">Khojayori, Nasrullo; Thompson, Mikael (2009). <i>Tajiki Reference Grammar for Beginners</i>. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58901-269-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58901-269-1"><bdi>978-1-58901-269-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tajiki+Reference+Grammar+for+Beginners&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Georgetown+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-58901-269-1&rft.aulast=Khojayori&rft.aufirst=Nasrullo&rft.au=Thompson%2C+Mikael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLazard1956" class="citation journal cs1">Lazard, G. (1956). "Caractères distinctifs de la langue tadjik". <i>Bulletin de la Société Linguistique de Paris</i>. <b>52</b>: 117–186.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+Linguistique+de+Paris&rft.atitle=Caract%C3%A8res+distinctifs+de+la+langue+tadjik&rft.volume=52&rft.pages=117-186&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Lazard&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLazard1989" class="citation book cs1">Lazard, G. (1989). "Le Persan". In Schmitt, Rüdiger (ed.). <i>Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum</i>. Wiesbaden.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Le+Persan&rft.btitle=Compendium+Linguarum+Iranicarum&rft.pub=Wiesbaden&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Lazard&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerry2005" class="citation book cs1">Perry, J. R. (2005). <i>A Tajik Persian Reference Grammar</i>. Boston: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-14323-8" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-14323-8"><bdi>90-04-14323-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Tajik+Persian+Reference+Grammar&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=90-04-14323-8&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=J.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarashi1994" class="citation book cs1">Marashi, Mehdi, ed. (January 1994). <i>Persian studies in North America: Studies in honor of Mohammad Ali Jazayery</i>. Bethesda, MD: Iranbooks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-936347-35-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-936347-35-6"><bdi>978-0-936347-35-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Persian+studies+in+North+America%3A+Studies+in+honor+of+Mohammad+Ali+Jazayery&rft.place=Bethesda%2C+MD&rft.pub=Iranbooks&rft.date=1994-01&rft.isbn=978-0-936347-35-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNazarzodaSanginovKarimovSulton2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nazarzoda, Saĭfiddin; Sanginov, Ahmadjon; Karimov, Said; Sulton, Mirzo Hasani (2008). <i>Farhangi tafsiri zaboni tojikī</i> <bdi lang="tg">Фарҳанги тафсирии забони тоҷикӣ</bdi> (in Tajik). Dushanbe.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Farhangi+tafsiri+zaboni+tojik%C4%AB+%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D3%A3&rft.place=Dushanbe&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Nazarzoda&rft.aufirst=Sa%C4%ADfiddin&rft.au=Sanginov%2C+Ahmadjon&rft.au=Karimov%2C+Said&rft.au=Sulton%2C+Mirzo+Hasani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNazarzodaSanginovKarimovSulton2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nazarzoda, Saĭfiddin; Sanginov, Ahmadjon; Karimov, Said; Sulton, Mirzo Hasani (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/farhangitafsirii01naza/"><i>Farhangi tafsiri zaboni tojikī</i> <bdi lang="tg">Фарҳанги тафсирии забони тоҷикӣ</bdi></a> (in Tajik). Vol. 1. Dushanbe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-99947-715-7-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-99947-715-7-8"><bdi>978-99947-715-7-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Farhangi+tafsiri+zaboni+tojik%C4%AB+%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D3%A3&rft.place=Dushanbe&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-99947-715-7-8&rft.aulast=Nazarzoda&rft.aufirst=Sa%C4%ADfiddin&rft.au=Sanginov%2C+Ahmadjon&rft.au=Karimov%2C+Said&rft.au=Sulton%2C+Mirzo+Hasani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffarhangitafsirii01naza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNazarzodaSanginovKarimovSulton2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nazarzoda, Saĭfiddin; Sanginov, Ahmadjon; Karimov, Said; Sulton, Mirzo Hasani (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/farhangitafsirii02naza/"><i>Farhangi tafsiri zaboni tojikī</i> <bdi lang="tg">Фарҳанги тафсирии забони тоҷикӣ</bdi></a> (in Tajik). Vol. 2. Dushanbe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-99947-715-5-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-99947-715-5-4"><bdi>978-99947-715-5-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Farhangi+tafsiri+zaboni+tojik%C4%AB+%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D3%A3&rft.place=Dushanbe&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-99947-715-5-4&rft.aulast=Nazarzoda&rft.aufirst=Sa%C4%ADfiddin&rft.au=Sanginov%2C+Ahmadjon&rft.au=Karimov%2C+Said&rft.au=Sulton%2C+Mirzo+Hasani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffarhangitafsirii02naza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRastorgueva1963" class="citation book cs1">Rastorgueva, V (1963). <i>A Short Sketch of Tajik Grammar</i>. Mouton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-933070-28-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-933070-28-4"><bdi>0-933070-28-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+Sketch+of+Tajik+Grammar&rft.pub=Mouton&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=0-933070-28-4&rft.aulast=Rastorgueva&rft.aufirst=V&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWindfuhr1979" class="citation book cs1">Windfuhr, Gernot (1979). <i>Persian Grammar: History and State of Its Study</i>. De Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9027977748" title="Special:BookSources/978-9027977748"><bdi>978-9027977748</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Persian+Grammar%3A+History+and+State+of+Its+Study&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-9027977748&rft.aulast=Windfuhr&rft.aufirst=Gernot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWindfuhr1987" class="citation book cs1">Windfuhr, Gernot (1987). "Persian". In Comrie, B. (ed.). <i>The World's Major Languages</i>. pp. 523–546.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Persian&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Major+Languages&rft.pages=523-546&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Windfuhr&rft.aufirst=Gernot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWindfuhr2009" class="citation book cs1">Windfuhr, Gernot (2009). "Persian and Tajik". <i>The Iranian Languages</i>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-1131-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-1131-4"><bdi>978-0-7007-1131-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Persian+and+Tajik&rft.btitle=The+Iranian+Languages&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7007-1131-4&rft.aulast=Windfuhr&rft.aufirst=Gernot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajik_language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoltz2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Foltz" title="Richard Foltz">Foltz, Richard</a> (2023). <i>A History of the Tajiks: Iranians of the East, 2nd edition</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7556-4964-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7556-4964-8"><bdi>978-0-7556-4964-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Tajiks%3A+Iranians+of+the+East%2C+2nd+edition&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-7556-4964-8&rft.aulast=Foltz&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIdo2014" class="citation journal cs1">Ido, Shinji (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS002510031300011X">"Bukharan Tajik"</a>. <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>. <b>44</b> (1): 87–102. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS002510031300011X">10.1017/S002510031300011X</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Bukharan+Tajik&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=87-102&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS002510031300011X&rft.aulast=Ido&rft.aufirst=Shinji&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS002510031300011X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATajik+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>John Perry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/tajik-ii-tajiki-persian">TAJIK ii. TAJIK PERSIAN</a> (<a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a>)</li> <li>Bahriddin Aliev and Aya Okawa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/tajik-iii-colloquial">TAJIK iii. COLLOQUIAL TAJIKI IN COMPARISON WITH PERSIAN OF IRAN</a> (<a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a>)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajik_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="tg:"> Tajik edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Tajik" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Tajik">Tajik</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a phrasebook for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Tajik_phrasebook#Q9260" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Tajik phrasebook">Tajik</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a> has a category on <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Tajik_language" class="extiw" title="wikt:Category:Tajik language">Tajik language</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tajik_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tajik language">Tajik language</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://persian-tajik.ir/">Tajiki Cyrillic to Persian alphabet converter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tajikam.com/forum">A Worldwide Community for Tajiks</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Tajik_Swadesh_list">Tajik Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words</a> (from Wiktionary's <a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Swadesh_lists">Swadesh-list appendix</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/tajikistan/">BBC news in Tajik</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131208023214/http://www.mynet.tj/lugat/?lg=entj">English-Tajik-Russian Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lugat.tj/">Free Online Tajik Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navrasta.com/">Welcome to Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150702021130/http://www.stat.tj/ru/img/65a709121baf8a64bf15d33f398aafde_1435736807.pdf">Численность населения Республики Таджикистан на 1 января 2015 года. Сообщение Агентства по статистике при Президенте Республики Таджикистан</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ozodi.org/a/29550914.html">намоишгоҳи "Китоби Душанбе"</a>. A news clip about a Dushanbe book exhibition, with examples of various members of the public speaking Tajiki.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Persian_language" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Persian_language" title="Template:Persian language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Persian_language" title="Template talk:Persian language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Persian_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Persian language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Persian_language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Persian_language#History" title="Persian language">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> <small>(c. 3000 BCE)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_language" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian language">Proto-Indo-Iranian</a> <small>(c. 2000 BCE)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Iranian_language" title="Proto-Iranian language">Proto-Iranian</a> <small>(c. 1500 BCE)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian" title="Old Persian">Old Persian</a> <small>(c. 525 – 300 BCE)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a> <small>(c. 300 BCE – 800 CE)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Persian" title="New Persian">New Persian</a> <small>(from 800)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Iranian_languages" title="Western Iranian languages">Western Iranian languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Persian_language#Varieties" title="Persian language">Dialects and varieties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Persian" title="Standard Persian">Standard Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Persian" title="Iranian Persian">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Afghan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tajik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_dialect" title="Hazaragi dialect">Hazaragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimaq_dialect" title="Aimaq dialect">Aimaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_Persian" title="Kuwaiti Persian">Kuwaiti Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tat_language_(Caucasus)" title="Tat language (Caucasus)">Tat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Persian" title="Judeo-Persian">Judeo-Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tat" title="Judeo-Tat">Judeo-Tat (<i>Juhuri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukhori_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Bukhori dialect">Bukhori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistani_dialect" title="Sistani dialect">Sistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwari_language" title="Dehwari language">Dehwari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_vocabulary" title="Persian vocabulary">Vocabulary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_nouns" title="Persian nouns">Nouns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_verbs" title="Persian verbs">Verbs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_phonology" title="Persian phonology">Phonology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grammar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_grammar" title="Persian grammar">Persian grammar</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ez%C4%81fe" title="Ezāfe">Ezāfe</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_grammar" title="Tajik grammar">Tajik grammar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writing system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian alphabet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_calligraphy" title="Persian calligraphy">Persian calligraphy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_alphabet" title="Tajik alphabet">Tajik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">Romanized Persian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian Braille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">Persian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian_literature" title="Middle Persian literature">Middle Persian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_literature" title="Tajik literature">Tajik literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Persian_Language_and_Literature" title="Academy of Persian Language and Literature">Academy of Persian Language and Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_Afghanistan" title="Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan">Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudaki_Institute_of_Language_and_Literature" title="Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature">Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Persian_origin" title="List of English words of Persian origin">List of English words of Persian origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_loanwords_in_Persian" title="List of French loanwords in Persian">List of French loanwords in Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Persian_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where Persian is an official language">List of countries and territories where Persian is an official language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Persian language in the Indian subcontinent">Persian language in South Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Tajikistan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Tajikistan" title="Template:Languages of Tajikistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Tajikistan" title="Template talk:Languages of Tajikistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Tajikistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Tajikistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Tajikistan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tajikistan" title="Languages of Tajikistan">Languages of Tajikistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tajik</a> (state)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> (interethnic)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Significant<br />minority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Uzbek" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uzbek</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Northern Uzbek language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Uzbek_language" title="Southern Uzbek language">Southern Uzbek language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous languages">Indigenous languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pamir" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pamir_languages" title="Pamir languages">Pamir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimaqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Aimaqi">Aimaqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartangi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartangi">Bartangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukhori" class="mw-redirect" title="Bukhori">Bukhori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishkashimi_language" title="Ishkashimi language">Ishkashimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khowar" title="Khowar">Khowar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khufi_language" title="Khufi language">Khufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oroshani_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Oroshani language">Oroshani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parya_language" title="Parya language">Parya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushani" class="mw-redirect" title="Rushani">Rushani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanglechi-Ishkashimi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanglechi-Ishkashimi">Sanglechi-Ishkashimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shughni_language" title="Shughni language">Shughni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_language" title="Wakhi language">Wakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaghnobi_language" title="Yaghnobi language">Yaghnobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazgulyam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yazgulyam language">Yazgulyam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional/Minority<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_Arabic" title="Central Asian Arabic">Central Asian Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_language" title="Crimean Tatar language">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungan_language" title="Dungan language">Dungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaragi">Hazaragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parya_language" title="Parya language">Parya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatar">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Families</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Slavic_languages" title="East Slavic languages">East Slavic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Sign_Language_family" title="French Sign Language family">French Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mixed-speech</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Iranian style</li> <li>Russian-Tajik mixed speech</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Signs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Sign_Language" title="Russian Sign Language">Russian Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Farsi">Farsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Uzbekistan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Uzbekistan" title="Template:Languages of Uzbekistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Uzbekistan" title="Template talk:Languages of Uzbekistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Uzbekistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Uzbekistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Uzbekistan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Uzbekistan" title="Languages of Uzbekistan">Languages of Uzbekistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpak_language" title="Karakalpak language">Karakalpak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parya_language" title="Parya language">Parya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Sign_Language" title="Russian Sign Language">Russian Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iranian_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iranian_languages" title="Template:Iranian languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iranian_languages" title="Template talk:Iranian languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iranian_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Iranian_language" title="Proto-Iranian language">Proto-Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages#Old_Iranian" title="Iranian languages">Old Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages#Middle_Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Middle Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages#New_Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">New Iranian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Iranian_languages" title="Eastern Iranian languages">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pamir_languages" title="Pamir languages">Pamir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishkashimi_language" title="Ishkashimi language">Ishkashimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khufi_language" title="Khufi language">Khufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munji_language" title="Munji language">Munji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushani_language" title="Rushani language">Rushani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanglechi_language" title="Sanglechi language">Sanglechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shughni_language" title="Shughni language">Shughni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bartangi_language" title="Bartangi language">Bartangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khufi_language" title="Khufi language">Khufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oroshori_dialect" title="Oroshori dialect">Oroshori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarikoli_language" title="Sarikoli language">Sarikoli</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vanji_language" title="Vanji language">Vanji</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_language" title="Wakhi language">Wakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazghulami_language" title="Yazghulami language">Yazghulami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidgha_language" title="Yidgha language">Yidgha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Avestan" title="Avestan">Avestan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bactrian_language" title="Bactrian language">Bactrian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khwarezmian_language" title="Khwarezmian language">Khwarezmian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parachi_language" title="Parachi language">Parachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Pashto" title="Central Pashto">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Pashto" title="Northern Pashto">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Pashto" title="Southern Pashto">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanetsi" title="Wanetsi">Wanetsi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormuri" title="Ormuri">Ormuri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarghulami" title="Sarghulami">Sarghulami</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scythian_languages" title="Scythian languages">Scythian</a></i> <ul><li><i>Alanian</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_language" title="Ossetian language">Ossetian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digor_Ossetian" title="Digor Ossetian">Digor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Ossetian" title="Iron Ossetian">Iron</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jassic_dialect" title="Jassic dialect">Jassic</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saka_language" title="Saka language">Saka</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_language" title="Sogdian language">Sogdian</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaghnobi_language" title="Yaghnobi language">Yaghnobi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Iranian_languages" title="Western Iranian languages">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashtiani_language" title="Ashtiani language">Ashtiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makrani_dialect" title="Makrani dialect">Makrani</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daylami_language" title="Daylami language">Daylami</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Fars" title="Dialects of Fars">Fars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilaki_language" title="Gilaki language">Gilaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorani_language" title="Gorani language">Gorani</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gorgani_language" title="Gorgani language">Gorgani</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karingani_language" title="Karingani language">Karingani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurmanji" title="Kurmanji">Kurmanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorani" title="Sorani">Sorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Kurdish" title="Southern Kurdish">Xwarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kordali_language" title="Kordali language">Kordali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laki_language" title="Laki language">Laki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazanderani_language" title="Mazanderani language">Mazanderani</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabaroid_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabaroid dialects (page does not exist)">Tabaroid</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Median_language" title="Median language">Median</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Azeri" title="Old Azeri">Old Azeri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parthian_language" title="Parthian language">Parthian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnani_languages" title="Semnani languages">Semnani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lasgerdi_language" title="Lasgerdi language">Lasgerdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangsari_language" title="Sangsari language">Sangsari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnani_language" title="Semnani language">Semnani proper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorkhei_language" title="Sorkhei language">Sorkhei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talysh_language" title="Talysh language">Talysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tati_language_(Iran)" title="Tati language (Iran)">Tati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tatoid_dialects" title="Tatoid dialects">Tatoid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaza_language" title="Zaza language">Zaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_Dari_language" title="Zoroastrian Dari language">Zoroastrian Dari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achomi_language" title="Achomi language">Achomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkardi_language" title="Bashkardi language">Bashkardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garmsiri_language" title="Garmsiri language">Garmsiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuhmareyi_language" title="Kuhmareyi language">Kuhmareyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumzari_language" title="Kumzari language">Kumzari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luri_language" title="Luri language">Luri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakhtiari_dialect" title="Bakhtiari dialect">Bakhtiari</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pahlavani_language" title="Pahlavani language">Pahlavani</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tat_language_(Caucasus)" title="Tat language (Caucasus)">Caucasian Tat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_dialect" title="Hazaragi dialect">Hazaragi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tajik</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian" title="Old Persian">Old Persian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badeshi" title="Badeshi">Badeshi</a> (unknown further classification)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct</a> or <a href="/wiki/Historical_language" title="Historical language">historical languages</a>.</li> <li>Languages between parentheses are <a href="/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">varieties</a> of the language on their left.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9260#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tajik language"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85132023">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tadjik (langue)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12320768x">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tadjik (langue)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12320768x">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00572742">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="tádžičtina"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph427578&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007558313105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tajik_language&oldid=1256925008">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tajik_language&oldid=1256925008</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tajik_language" title="Category:Tajik language">Tajik language</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Afghanistan" title="Category:Languages of Afghanistan">Languages of Afghanistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Kazakhstan" title="Category:Languages of Kazakhstan">Languages of Kazakhstan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Kyrgyzstan" 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languages</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Tajik-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Tajik-language text">Articles containing Tajik-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Tajik_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Tajik IPA">Pages with Tajik IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Language_articles_citing_Ethnologue_27" title="Category:Language articles citing Ethnologue 27">Language articles citing Ethnologue 27</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:Articles with Russian-language sources (ru)">Articles with Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a 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href="/wiki/Category:Languages_with_ISO_639-2_code" title="Category:Languages with ISO 639-2 code">Languages with ISO 639-2 code</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_with_ISO_639-1_code" title="Category:Languages with ISO 639-1 code">Languages with ISO 639-1 code</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ISO_language_articles_citing_sources_other_than_Ethnologue" title="Category:ISO language articles citing sources other than Ethnologue">ISO language articles citing sources other than Ethnologue</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_December_2023" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from December 2023">Articles lacking reliable references from December 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All 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