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McCone</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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McCone – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John A. McCone" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCone" title="John McCone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John McCone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7._%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86" title="جون ا. ماكون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون ا. ماكون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="ジョン・マコーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・マコーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCone" title="John McCone – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="John McCone" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCone" title="John McCone – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="John McCone" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Маккоун, Джон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маккоун, Джон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCone" title="John McCone – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John McCone" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9" title="约翰·麦科恩 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约翰·麦科恩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American businessman and politician (1902–1991)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">John A. McCone</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:John_McCone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/John_McCone.jpg/220px-John_McCone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/John_McCone.jpg/330px-John_McCone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/John_McCone.jpg/440px-John_McCone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="652" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">6th <a href="/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">Director of Central Intelligence</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 29, 1961 – April 28, 1965</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_P._Cabell" title="Charles P. Cabell">Charles P. Cabell</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Carter" title="Marshall Carter">Marshall Carter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Allen_Dulles" title="Allen Dulles">Allen Dulles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Raborn" title="William Raborn">William Raborn</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">Atomic Energy Commission</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 14, 1958 – January 20, 1961</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight Eisenhower</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Strauss" title="Lewis Strauss">Lewis Strauss</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Under_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Under Secretary of the Air Force">United States Under Secretary of the Air Force</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 15, 1950 – October 12, 1951</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry Truman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_S._Barrows" title="Arthur S. Barrows">Arthur S. Barrows</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roswell_Gilpatric" title="Roswell Gilpatric">Roswell Gilpatric</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">John Alexander McCone</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1902-01-04</span>)</span>January 4, 1902<br /><span class="nowrap">San Francisco, California, US</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 14, 1991<span style="display:none">(1991-02-14)</span> (aged 89)<br /><a href="/wiki/Pebble_Beach,_California" title="Pebble Beach, California">Pebble Beach</a>, California, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John Alexander McCone</b> (January 4, 1902 – February 14, 1991) was an American businessman and politician who served as <a href="/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">Director of Central Intelligence</a> from 1961 to 1965, during the height of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_A._McCone&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>John A. McCone was born in San Francisco, California, on January 4, 1902. His father ran iron foundries across California, a business founded in Nevada in 1860 by McCone's grandfather. He graduated from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> in 1922 with a BS in Mechanical Engineering, beginning his career in Los Angeles' Llewellyn Iron Works.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He rose swiftly and in 1929, when several works merged to become the <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Steel_Corporation" title="Consolidated Steel Corporation">Consolidated Steel Corporation</a>, he became executive vice president. He also founded <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bechtel-McCone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bechtel-McCone (page does not exist)">Bechtel-McCone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tur_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tur-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He also worked for <a href="/wiki/ITT_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="ITT Corporation">ITT</a>. In 1946, the <a href="/wiki/General_Accounting_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="General Accounting Office">General Accounting Office</a> implied that McCone was a war profiteer, stating that McCone and his associates of the California Shipbuilding Corporation had made $44 million on an investment of $100,000.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McCone's political affiliation was with the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tur_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tur-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McCone served for more than twenty years as a governmental adviser and official, including positions on the Atomic Energy Commission in the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower Administration</a> in 1958–1961 and with the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> (CIA) in the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidency of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy Administration</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson Administration</a> in 1961–1965. </p><p>However, it would be his service in 1950–1951, as the second <a href="/wiki/United_States_Under_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Under Secretary of the Air Force">United States Under Secretary of the Air Force</a>, that McCone got his first taste of duty in the senior levels of the U.S. Government during the <a href="/wiki/Truman_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Truman Administration">Truman Administration</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atomic_Energy_Commission">Atomic Energy Commission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_A._McCone&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Atomic Energy Commission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1958, he became chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">U.S. Atomic Energy Commission</a>. According to journalist <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Hersh" title="Seymour Hersh">Seymour Hersh</a>, in December 1960, while still Atomic Energy Commission chairman, McCone revealed CIA information about <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Negev_Nuclear_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Negev Nuclear Research Center">Dimona nuclear weapons plant</a> to <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. Hersh writes that President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> was "fixated" on the <a href="/wiki/Israel_and_nuclear_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel and nuclear weapons">Israeli nuclear weapons program</a> and one of the reasons that contributed to McCone's appointment as CIA director was his willingness to deal with this and other <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons">nuclear weapons</a> issues – and despite the fact that McCone was a conservative <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Director_of_Central_Intelligence">Director of Central Intelligence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_A._McCone&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Director of Central Intelligence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NH_103894_U.S._Delegates_to_the_Fourth_General_Conference_of_the_International_Atomic_Energy_Agency.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NH_103894_U.S._Delegates_to_the_Fourth_General_Conference_of_the_International_Atomic_Energy_Agency.jpg/220px-NH_103894_U.S._Delegates_to_the_Fourth_General_Conference_of_the_International_Atomic_Energy_Agency.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NH_103894_U.S._Delegates_to_the_Fourth_General_Conference_of_the_International_Atomic_Energy_Agency.jpg/330px-NH_103894_U.S._Delegates_to_the_Fourth_General_Conference_of_the_International_Atomic_Energy_Agency.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NH_103894_U.S._Delegates_to_the_Fourth_General_Conference_of_the_International_Atomic_Energy_Agency.jpg/440px-NH_103894_U.S._Delegates_to_the_Fourth_General_Conference_of_the_International_Atomic_Energy_Agency.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="987" /></a><figcaption>The U.S. Representatives to the <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> in Vienna, Austria, circa 1960. From left to right: <a href="/wiki/John_Stephens_Graham" title="John Stephens Graham">John Stephens Graham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_F._Foster" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul F. Foster">Paul F. Foster</a>, and McCone.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the disaster of the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a>, President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> forced the resignation of CIA director <a href="/wiki/Allen_Dulles" title="Allen Dulles">Allen Dulles</a> and some of his staff. McCone replaced Dulles as DCI on November 29, 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He married <a href="/wiki/Theiline_McGee_Pigott" class="mw-redirect" title="Theiline McGee Pigott">Theiline McGee Pigott</a> on August 29, 1962, at St. Anne's Chapel of the Sacred Heart Villa in <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, Washington.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McCone was not Kennedy's first choice; the President had tentatively offered the job to <a href="/wiki/Clark_Clifford" title="Clark Clifford">Clark Clifford</a>, his personal lawyer, who politely refused (Clifford would later serve as Secretary of Defense for <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a>); and then to Fowler Hamilton, a Wall Street lawyer with experience in government service during the Roosevelt and Truman administrations. Hamilton accepted, but when a problem developed at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">Agency for International Development</a>, he was shifted there.<sup id="cite_ref-David_Halberstam_page_152_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-David_Halberstam_page_152-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus Kennedy, urged on by his brother <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert</a>, turned to McCone.<sup id="cite_ref-David_Halberstam_page_152_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-David_Halberstam_page_152-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McCone was a key figure in the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Committee_of_the_National_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive Committee of the National Security Council">Executive Committee of the National Security Council</a> (<a href="/wiki/EXCOMM" title="EXCOMM">EXCOMM</a>) during the October 1962 <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Honeymoon_telegram" class="mw-redirect" title="Honeymoon telegram">Honeymoon telegram</a> of September 20, 1962, he insisted that the CIA remain imaginative when it came to Soviet weapons policy towards <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, as a September 19 National Intelligence Estimate had concluded it unlikely that nuclear missiles would be placed on the island. The telegram was so named because McCone sent it while on his honeymoon in <a href="/wiki/Paris,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris, France">Paris</a>, France, accompanied not only by his bride, Theiline McGee Pigott but by a CIA cipher team.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McCone's suspicions of the inaccuracy of this assessment proved to be correct, as it was later found out the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> had followed up its conventional military buildup with the installation of <a href="/wiki/MRBM" class="mw-redirect" title="MRBM">MRBMs</a> (Medium Range Ballistic Missiles) and <a href="/wiki/IRBM" class="mw-redirect" title="IRBM">IRBMs</a> (Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles), sparking off the crisis in October when they were later spotted by CIA's <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_U-2" title="Lockheed U-2">Lockheed U-2</a> surveillance flights. </p><p>While McCone was DCI, the CIA was involved in many covert plots; according to Admiral <a href="/wiki/Stansfield_Turner" title="Stansfield Turner">Stansfield Turner</a> (who himself later served as DCI from 1977 to 1981, under President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>), these included:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, the CIA had armed an assassination plot to take out President <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Leonidas_Trujillo_Molina" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina">Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina</a>. After the Bay of Pigs, Kennedy wanted the project stopped because it was too soon for another debacle. The problem is that once you encourage and arm a group of highly motivated locals, you can't just turn them off. Trujillo's enemies gunned him down dramatically, though technically speaking without U.S. help. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, the CIA backed the <a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a> (then known by the derogatory name Meo) people of the highlands to fight a counterinsurgency. This set off a complicated <a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">three-way civil war</a> that hit the Hmong hard. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, the CIA helped overthrow President <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Velasco_Ibarra" title="José María Velasco Ibarra">José Velasco Ibarra</a>. His replacement didn't last long before the CIA turned on him, looking for greater stability and allegiance. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">British Guiana</a>, the CIA stirred up trouble through the labor unions to take down the democratically elected <a href="/wiki/Cheddi_Jagan" title="Cheddi Jagan">Cheddi Jagan</a>. </p><p> In <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, there was <a href="/wiki/Operation_Mongoose" title="Operation Mongoose">Mongoose</a>, a secret campaign against <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Castro</a>.</p></blockquote> <p>McCone was also involved in the <a href="/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Brazilian coup d'état">1964 Brazilian coup d'état</a>;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> he was friends with ITT president <a href="/wiki/Harold_Geneen" title="Harold Geneen">Harold Geneen</a> whose company stood to lose its Brazilian subsidiary if president <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Goulart" title="João Goulart">João Goulart</a> nationalized it. McCone would later work for ITT.<sup id="cite_ref-tur_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tur-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McCone represented the CIA's opposition to U.S. support of a coup in <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a> against President <a href="/wiki/Ngo_Dinh_Diem" title="Ngo Dinh Diem">Ngo Dinh Diem</a>, but such objections were overruled by November 1963, when the <a href="/wiki/State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="State Department">State Department</a> managed to convince Kennedy to allow the coup to proceed. </p><p>In 1964, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Hoover_Medal" title="Hoover Medal">Hoover Medal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>McCone resigned from his position of DCI in April 1965, believing himself to be unappreciated by President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>, who, he complained, would not read his reports, including on the need for full-fledged inspections of Israeli nuclear facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before his resignation, McCone submitted a final memorandum regarding the war in Vietnam to President Johnson, arguing that Johnson's plan of attack was too limited in scope to successfully defeat the Hanoi regime; he further asserted that public support (in the United States and abroad) for any effort in North Vietnam would erode if the plan went unchanged: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Dear Mr. President: </p><p>I remain concerned, as I have said before to you, Secretary Rusk and Secretary McNamara, over the limited scale of air action against North Vietnam which we envision for the next few months. </p><p>Specifically I feel that we must conduct our bombing attacks in a manner that will begin to hurt North Vietnam badly enough to cause the Hanoi regime to seek a political way out through negotiation rather than expose their economy to increasingly serious levels of destruction. By limiting our attacks to targets like bridges, military installations and lines of communication, in effect we signal to the Communists that our determination to win is significantly modified by our fear of widening the war. </p><p> ... </p><p>If this situation develops and lasts several months or more, I feel world opinion will turn against us, Communist propaganda will become increasingly effective, and indeed domestic support of our policy may erode. I therefore urge that as we deploy additional troops, which I believe necessary, we concurrently hit the north harder and inflict greater damage. In my opinion, we should strike their petroleum supplies, electric power installations, and air defense installations (including the SAM sites which are now being built). </p><p> ... </p><p> I am not talking about bombing centers of population or killing innocent people, though there will of course be some casualties. I am proposing to "tighten the tourniquet" on North Vietnam so as to make the Communists pause to weigh the losses they are taking against their prospects for gains. We should make it hard for the Viet Cong to win in the south and simultaneously hard for Hanoi to endure our attacks in the north. I believe this course of action holds out the greatest promise we can hope for in our effort to attain our ultimate objective of finding a political solution to the Vietnam problem.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>John A. McCone, Director of Central Intelligence, (Johnson Library, National Security File, Country File, Vietnam, Vol. XXXII. Top Secret)<sup id="cite_ref-McCone_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCone-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other">Other</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_A._McCone&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout his career, McCone served on numerous commissions that made recommendations on issues as diverse as civilian applications of military technology and the <a href="/wiki/Watts_Riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Watts Riots">Watts Riots</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1987, McCone was presented with the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> by President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_A._McCone&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>John A. McCone died on February 14, 1991, of cardiac arrest at his home in <a href="/wiki/Pebble_Beach,_California" title="Pebble Beach, California">Pebble Beach, California</a>. He was 89 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_awards">Honors and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_A._McCone&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Honors and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campus_of_the_University_of_California,_Berkeley#McCone_Hall" title="Campus of the University of California, Berkeley">McCone Hall</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> campus is named in McCone's honor.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_A._McCone&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>McCone was portrayed in several different <a href="/wiki/Docudrama" title="Docudrama">docudramas</a> about the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Keene_Curtis" title="Keene Curtis">Keene Curtis</a> in the television production <i><a href="/wiki/The_Missiles_of_October" title="The Missiles of October">The Missiles of October</a></i> (1974) and <a href="/wiki/Peter_White_(actor)" title="Peter White (actor)">Peter White</a> in the theatrical film <i><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Days_(film)" title="Thirteen Days (film)">Thirteen Days</a></i> (2000). In the biographical television film <i><a href="/wiki/Path_to_War" title="Path to War">Path to War</a></i> (2002), he is played by Madison Mason. In the 2020 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Courier_(2020_film)" title="The Courier (2020 film)"> The Courier</a></i>, he is played by <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljko_Ivanek" title="Željko Ivanek">Željko Ivanek</a>. In the film <i><a href="/wiki/X-Men:_First_Class" title="X-Men: First Class">X-Men: First Class</a></i> (2011) he was played by <a href="/wiki/Matt_Craven" title="Matt Craven">Matt Craven</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Metal_Gear_Solid_3:_Snake_Eater" title="Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater">Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater</a></i> and its sequel, <i><a href="/wiki/Metal_Gear_Solid:_Portable_Ops" title="Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops">Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops</a></i> feature an unnamed DCI modeled physically after McCone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_A._McCone&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bechtel_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bechtel Corporation">Bechtel Corporation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_A._McCone&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-obit-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-obit_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obit_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obit_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGlenn_Fowler1991" class="citation news cs1">Glenn Fowler (February 16, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/16/obituaries/john-a-mccone-head-of-cia-in-cuban-missile-crisis-dies-at-89.html">"John A. McCone, Head of C.I.A. In Cuban Missile Crisis, Dies at 89"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=John+A.+McCone%2C+Head+of+C.I.A.+In+Cuban+Missile+Crisis%2C+Dies+at+89&rft.date=1991-02-16&rft.au=Glenn+Fowler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F02%2F16%2Fobituaries%2Fjohn-a-mccone-head-of-cia-in-cuban-missile-crisis-dies-at-89.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+A.+McCone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090902070710/https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/mccone-creates-dst.html">"DCI John McCone Creates the Directorate of Science and Technology"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/mccone-creates-dst.html">the original</a> on September 2, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DCI+John+McCone+Creates+the+Directorate+of+Science+and+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fnews-information%2Ffeatured-story-archive%2Fmccone-creates-dst.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+A.+McCone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tur-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tur_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tur_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tur_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Burn Before Reading</i>, Stansfield Turner, 2005, Hyperion, chapter on JFK</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalberstam1972" class="citation book cs1">Halberstam, David (1972). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bestbrightest00halb/page/153"><i>The Best and the Brightest</i></a></span>. Random House. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bestbrightest00halb/page/153">153</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0394461630" title="Special:BookSources/0394461630"><bdi>0394461630</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Best+and+the+Brightest&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0394461630&rft.aulast=Halberstam&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbestbrightest00halb%2Fpage%2F153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+A.+McCone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour Hersh, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Samson_Option_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Samson Option (book)">The Samson Option</a>: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy,</i> Random House, 1991, 72–73, 105, 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Excerpted from Gus Russo, Live by the Sword (Baltimore: Bancroft, 1998), pp. 31- 36., from David A. Reitzes <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jfk-online.com/jfkdullescia.html">jfk-online.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1961/09/28/archives/adept-new-cia-chief-john-alex-mccone.html">"Adept New C.I.A. Chief. John Alex McCone"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. September 28, 1961.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Adept+New+C.I.A.+Chief.+John+Alex+McCone&rft.date=1961-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1961%2F09%2F28%2Farchives%2Fadept-new-cia-chief-john-alex-mccone.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+A.+McCone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1962/08/30/archives/john-a-mccone-and-mrs-pigott-marry-in-seattle-director-of-cia-weds.html">"John A. McCone And Mrs. Pigott Marry in Seattle; Director of C.I.A. Weds University Regent at Sacred Heart Villa"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. August 30, 1962.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=John+A.+McCone+And+Mrs.+Pigott+Marry+in+Seattle%3B+Director+of+C.I.A.+Weds+University+Regent+at+Sacred+Heart+Villa&rft.date=1962-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1962%2F08%2F30%2Farchives%2Fjohn-a-mccone-and-mrs-pigott-marry-in-seattle-director-of-cia-weds.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+A.+McCone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-David_Halberstam_page_152-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-David_Halberstam_page_152_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-David_Halberstam_page_152_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Halberstam, The Best and the Brightest, page 152</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sociopolitica/esp_sociopol_secretgov_5i.htm">"The Invisible Government - 9"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Invisible+Government+-+9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bibliotecapleyades.net%2Fsociopolitica%2Fesp_sociopol_secretgov_5i.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+A.+McCone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F2hrAwAAQBAJ&dq=%22derogatory+name+meo%22&pg=PT57">Stansfield Turner, Burn Before Reading: Presidents, CIA Directors, and Secret Intelligence, 2005, Chapter Four, "John F. Kennedy, Dulles and McCone: Scandal and Confusion on the New Frontier"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1964/12/04/mccone-awarded-hoover-medal.html">"McCone Awarded Hoover Medal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. December 4, 1964.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=McCone+Awarded+Hoover+Medal&rft.date=1964-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1964%2F12%2F04%2Fmccone-awarded-hoover-medal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+A.+McCone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour Hersh, 151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCone-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCone_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCone1965" class="citation web cs1">McCone, John (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v02/d234">"FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1964–1968, VOLUME II, VIETNAM, JANUARY–JUNE 1965; 234. Letter From Director of Central Intelligence McCone to President Johnson"</a>. <i>United States Department of State</i>. Washington: Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=FOREIGN+RELATIONS+OF+THE+UNITED+STATES%2C+1964%E2%80%931968%2C+VOLUME+II%2C+VIETNAM%2C+JANUARY%E2%80%93JUNE+1965%3B+234.+Letter+From+Director+of+Central+Intelligence+McCone+to+President+Johnson&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=McCone&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fhistoricaldocuments%2Ffrus1964-68v02%2Fd234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+A.+McCone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernor's_Commission_on_the_Los_Angeles_Riots1965" class="citation web cs1">Governor's Commission on the Los Angeles Riots (December 2, 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060114111509/http://www.usc.edu/isd/archives/cityinstress/mccone/">"Violence in the City – An End or a Beginning?"</a>. John McCone, Chairman, <a href="/wiki/Warren_M._Christopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Warren M. Christopher">Warren M. Christopher</a>, Vice-Chairman. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usc.edu/isd/archives/cityinstress/mccone/">the original</a> on January 14, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Violence+in+the+City+%E2%80%93+An+End+or+a+Beginning%3F&rft.date=1965-12-02&rft.au=Governor%27s+Commission+on+the+Los+Angeles+Riots&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usc.edu%2Fisd%2Farchives%2Fcityinstress%2Fmccone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+A.+McCone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_A._McCone&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCartney1988" class="citation book cs1">McCartney, Laton (1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/friendsinhighpla00mcca"><i>Friends in High Places: The Bechtel Story, The Most Secret Corporation and How It Engineered the World</i></a></span>. New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-47415-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-47415-4"><bdi>0-671-47415-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/17300223">17300223</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Friends+in+High+Places%3A+The+Bechtel+Story%2C+The+Most+Secret+Corporation+and+How+It+Engineered+the+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F17300223&rft.isbn=0-671-47415-4&rft.aulast=McCartney&rft.aufirst=Laton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffriendsinhighpla00mcca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+A.+McCone" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew1995" class="citation book cs1">Andrew, Christopher (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/forpresidentseye00andr"><i>For the president's eyes only: secret intelligence and the American presidency from Washington to Bush</i></a></span>. New York: Harper Perennial. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-017037-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-017037-9"><bdi>0-06-017037-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/31377151">31377151</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=For+the+president%27s+eyes+only%3A+secret+intelligence+and+the+American+presidency+from+Washington+to+Bush&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F31377151&rft.isbn=0-06-017037-9&rft.aulast=Andrew&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fforpresidentseye00andr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+A.+McCone" class="Z3988"></span> Chapters 7–8, and pp. 321–322.</li> <li>Constructing Cassandra : the Social Construction of Strategic Surprise at the Central Intelligence Agency, 1947- 2001 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://catalogue.kent.ac.uk/Record/764718">https://catalogue.kent.ac.uk/Record/764718</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaqueur1985" class="citation book cs1">Laqueur, Walter (1985). <i>World of Secrets</i>. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-297-78745-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-297-78745-4"><bdi>0-297-78745-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+of+Secrets&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-297-78745-4&rft.aulast=Laqueur&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+A.+McCone" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_A._McCone&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alsos.wlu.edu/qsearch.aspx?browse=people/McCone,+John">Annotated Bibliography for John A. McCone from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eisenhower.archives.gov/Research/Finding_Aids/M.html">Papers of John A. McCone, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt3p3012z7/">Guide to the John A. McCone Papers</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Bancroft_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bancroft Library">The Bancroft Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZET3DmkPZkE"><span class="plainlinks">Video of McCone speaking on assassination orders</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/research/speeches/042187e"><i>Announcement of the Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom</i></a></li> <li><a href="//archive.org/details/FBIFileJohnMcCone" class="extiw" title="iarchive:FBIFileJohnMcCone">FBI files on John McCone</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170101151928/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/DOC_0001262737.pdf">John McCone biography by chief CIA historian David Robarge</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_S._Barrows" title="Arthur S. Barrows">Arthur S. Barrows</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Under_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Under Secretary of the Air Force">United States Under Secretary of the Air Force</a> </b><br />1950–1951 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Roswell_Gilpatric" title="Roswell Gilpatric">Roswell Gilpatric</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Strauss" title="Lewis Strauss">Lewis Strauss</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">Atomic Energy Commission</a> </b><br />1958–1961 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Allen_Dulles" title="Allen Dulles">Allen Dulles</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">Director of Central Intelligence</a> </b><br />1961–1965 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Raborn" title="William Raborn">William Raborn</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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Lilienthal">David E. Lilienthal</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Dean_(lawyer)" title="Gordon Dean (lawyer)">Gordon Dean</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Strauss" title="Lewis Strauss">Lewis Strauss</a> (1953)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John A. McCone</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Schlesinger" title="James R. Schlesinger">James R. Schlesinger</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixy_Lee_Ray" title="Dixy Lee Ray">Dixy Lee Ray</a> (1973)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_(1953–1961)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eisenhower_cabinet" title="Template:Eisenhower cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eisenhower_cabinet" title="Template talk:Eisenhower cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eisenhower_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eisenhower cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_(1953–1961)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. 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Eisenhower</a> (1953–1961)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Cabinet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1953–1961)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Dwight_David_Eisenhower%2C_photo_portrait_by_Bachrach%2C_1952.jpg/100px-Dwight_David_Eisenhower%2C_photo_portrait_by_Bachrach%2C_1952.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Dwight_David_Eisenhower%2C_photo_portrait_by_Bachrach%2C_1952.jpg/150px-Dwight_David_Eisenhower%2C_photo_portrait_by_Bachrach%2C_1952.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Dwight_David_Eisenhower%2C_photo_portrait_by_Bachrach%2C_1952.jpg/200px-Dwight_David_Eisenhower%2C_photo_portrait_by_Bachrach%2C_1952.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2863" data-file-height="3558" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a> (1953–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Herter" title="Christian Herter">Christian Herter</a> (1959–1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Humphrey" title="George M. Humphrey">George M. Humphrey</a> (1953–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Anderson_(Texas_politician)" title="Robert B. Anderson (Texas politician)">Robert B. Anderson</a> (1957–1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Erwin_Wilson" title="Charles Erwin Wilson">Charles Erwin Wilson</a> (1953–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_H._McElroy" title="Neil H. McElroy">Neil H. McElroy</a> (1957–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Gates_Jr." title="Thomas S. Gates Jr.">Thomas S. Gates Jr.</a> (1959–1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Brownell_Jr." title="Herbert Brownell Jr.">Herbert Brownell Jr.</a> (1953–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Rogers" title="William P. Rogers">William P. Rogers</a> (1957–1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Summerfield" title="Arthur Summerfield">Arthur Summerfield</a> (1953–1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_McKay" title="Douglas McKay">Douglas McKay</a> (1953–1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_A._Seaton" title="Fred A. Seaton">Fred A. Seaton</a> (1956–1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Taft_Benson" title="Ezra Taft Benson">Ezra Taft Benson</a> (1953–1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Weeks" title="Sinclair Weeks">Sinclair Weeks</a> (1953–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_H._Mueller" title="Frederick H. Mueller">Frederick H. Mueller</a> (1959–1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Patrick_Durkin" title="Martin Patrick Durkin">Martin Patrick Durkin</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Mitchell" title="James P. Mitchell">James P. Mitchell</a> (1953–1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oveta_Culp_Hobby" title="Oveta Culp Hobby">Oveta Culp Hobby</a> (1953–1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_B._Folsom" title="Marion B. Folsom">Marion B. Folsom</a> (1955–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Flemming" title="Arthur Flemming">Arthur Flemming</a> (1958–1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Cabinet-level" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet-level</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Director of the Bureau of the Budget</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dodge" title="Joseph Dodge">Joseph Dodge</a> (1953–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowland_Hughes" title="Rowland Hughes">Rowland Hughes</a> (1954–1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival_Brundage" title="Percival Brundage">Percival Brundage</a> (1956–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Stans" title="Maurice Stans">Maurice Stans</a> (1958–1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations">Ambassador to the United Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.</a> (1953–1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Jeremiah_Wadsworth" title="James Jeremiah Wadsworth">James Jeremiah Wadsworth</a> (1960–1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mutual_Security_Agency" title="Mutual Security Agency">Director of the Mutual Security Agency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a> (1953)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Defense_Mobilization" title="Office of Defense Mobilization">Director of the Office of Defense Mobilization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Flemming" title="Arthur Flemming">Arthur Flemming</a> (1953–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Gray_(politician)" title="Gordon Gray (politician)">Gordon Gray</a> (1957–1958)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Civil_Defense_Administration" title="Federal Civil Defense Administration">Administrator of the Federal Civil Defense Administration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Val_Peterson" title="Val Peterson">Val Peterson</a> (1953–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Hoegh" title="Leo Hoegh">Leo Hoegh</a> (1957–1958)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Civil_and_Defense_Mobilization" title="Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization">Director of the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Hoegh" title="Leo Hoegh">Leo Hoegh</a> (1958–1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">Chair of the Atomic Energy Commission</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John A. McCone</a> (1958–1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Adams" title="Sherman Adams">Sherman Adams</a> (1953–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilton_Persons" title="Wilton Persons">Wilton Persons</a> (1958–1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_House_Deputy_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Deputy Chief of Staff">White House Deputy Chief of Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilton_Persons" title="Wilton Persons">Wilton Persons</a> (1953–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_D._Morgan" title="Gerald D. Morgan">Gerald D. Morgan</a> (1958–1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_House_Cabinet_Secretary" title="White House Cabinet Secretary">White House Cabinet Secretary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_M._Rabb" title="Maxwell M. Rabb">Maxwell M. Rabb</a> (1954–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Keith_Gray" title="Robert Keith Gray">Robert Keith Gray</a> (1958–1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Directors_of_Central_Intelligence_and_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:DCIA" title="Template:DCIA"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:DCIA" title="Template talk:DCIA"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:DCIA" title="Special:EditPage/Template:DCIA"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Directors_of_Central_Intelligence_and_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">Directors of Central Intelligence</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">Central Intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Souers" title="Sidney Souers">Souers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Vandenberg" title="Hoyt Vandenberg">Vandenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscoe_H._Hillenkoetter" title="Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter">Hillenkoetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Bedell_Smith" title="Walter Bedell Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Dulles" title="Allen Dulles">Dulles</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">McCone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Raborn" title="William Raborn">Raborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Helms" title="Richard Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Schlesinger" title="James R. Schlesinger">Schlesinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Colby" title="William Colby">Colby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stansfield_Turner" title="Stansfield Turner">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Casey" title="William J. Casey">Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Webster" title="William H. Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._James_Woolsey_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="R. James Woolsey Jr.">Woolsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Deutch" title="John M. Deutch">Deutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tenet" title="George Tenet">Tenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_Goss" title="Porter Goss">Goss</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="510" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porter_Goss" title="Porter Goss">Goss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hayden_(general)" title="Michael Hayden (general)">Hayden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Panetta" title="Leon Panetta">Panetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus">Petraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_O._Brennan" class="mw-redirect" title="John O. Brennan">Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Pompeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gina_Haspel" title="Gina Haspel">Haspel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Burns_(diplomat)" title="William J. Burns (diplomat)">Burns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q973836#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q973836#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q973836#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000054020083">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2348081">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/334989/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtCBRB9Q6HwXmDjQhTmBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1068648988">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr94003670">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p357582152">Netherlands</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10679378">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6w109zh">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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