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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constituents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Constituents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constituents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nut (fruit)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 113 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-113" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">113 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neut" title="Neut – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Neut" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nussfrucht" title="Nussfrucht – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Nussfrucht" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="مكسرات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مكسرات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuez_(fruito)" title="Nuez (fruito) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Nuez (fruito)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuez_(frutu)" title="Nuez (frutu) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nuez (frutu)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvapo" title="Yvapo – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvapo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C9%99r%C9%99z" title="Çərəz – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çərəz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87)" title="فیندیقلیق (میوه) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فیندیقلیق (میوه)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="বাদাম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাদাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Сәтләүек – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сәтләүек" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%96" title="Арэхі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арэхі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%96" title="Арэхі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арэхі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Орех (плод) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Орех (плод)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuss" title="Nuss – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Nuss" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orah_(plod)" title="Orah (plod) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Orah (plod)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krao%C3%B1" title="Kraoñ – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kraoñ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Һамар – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Һамар" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruita_de_closca" title="Fruita de closca – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fruita de closca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%C4%83%D0%B9%C4%83%D1%80" title="Мăйăр – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мăйăр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1ek" title="Oříšek – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Oříšek" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cneuen" title="Cneuen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cneuen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B8d" title="Nød – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nød" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="مكسرات – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مكسرات" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niehtit" title="Niehtit – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Niehtit" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nussfrucht" title="Nussfrucht – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nussfrucht" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B3rjechowy_p%C5%82od" title="Wórjechowy płod – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Wórjechowy płod" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4hkel" title="Pähkel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pähkel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%85%CE%BF_(%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE)" title="Κάρυο (βοτανική) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάρυο (βοτανική)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Пештть – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Пештть" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuez_(fruto)" title="Nuez (fruto) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nuez (fruto)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukso" title="Nukso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nukso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruitu_oskoldun" title="Fruitu oskoldun – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fruitu oskoldun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%82%DB%8C_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87)" title="فندقی (میوه) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فندقی (میوه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nut_(fal)" title="Nut (fal) – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Nut (fal)" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_%C3%A0_coque" title="Fruit à coque – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fruit à coque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAt_(frucht)" title="Nút (frucht) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Nút (frucht)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cn%C3%B3" title="Cnó – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cnó" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cn%C3%B2" title="Cnò – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cnò" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noz_(froito)" title="Noz (froito) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Noz (froito)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80" title="БӀар – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="БӀар" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%AC%EA%B3%BC" title="견과 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="견과" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B8%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A6" title="Ընկույզ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ընկույզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worjechowy_p%C5%82%C3%B3d" title="Worjechowy płód – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Worjechowy płód" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orah_(plod)" title="Orah (plod) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Orah (plod)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buah_geluk" title="Buah geluk – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Buah geluk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuce" title="Nuce – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Nuce" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D1%85%D1%81%C3%A6%D1%80_(%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8A)" title="Æхсæр (дыргъ) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æхсæр (дыргъ)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hneta" title="Hneta – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hneta" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noce_(botanica)" title="Noce (botanica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Noce (botanica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%92%D7%95%D7%96" title="אגוז – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אגוז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kacang_woh" title="Kacang woh – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kacang woh" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98)" title="კაკალი (ნაყოფი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კაკალი (ნაყოფი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D2%93%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Жаңғақтар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жаңғақтар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowen" title="Knowen – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Knowen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozi_(tunda)" title="Jozi (tunda) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jozi (tunda)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nwa_(fwi)" title="Nwa (fwi) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Nwa (fwi)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nwaz%C3%A8t" title="Nwazèt – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Nwazèt" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nux" title="Nux – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nux" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rieksts" title="Rieksts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rieksts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rie%C5%A1utas" title="Riešutas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Riešutas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Оревест плод – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Оревест плод" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF_(%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82)" title="അണ്ടി (ഫലം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അണ്ടി (ഫലം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%82" title="بندق – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بندق" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekeras" title="Kekeras – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kekeras" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%88%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Пяштсь – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Пяштсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B6%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8" title="အခွံမာသီး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အခွံမာသီး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noot_(plantkunde)" title="Noot (plantkunde) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Noot (plantkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A0%85%E6%9E%9C" title="堅果 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="堅果" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80" title="БӀар – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="БӀар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B6d" title="Nöd – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nöd" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B8tt" title="Nøtt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nøtt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B8tt" title="Nøtt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nøtt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B2se" title="Nòse – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nòse" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D3%B1%D0%BA%D1%88" title="Пӱкш – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Пӱкш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yong%CA%BBoq" title="Yongʻoq – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yongʻoq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਗਿਰੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਿਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="گری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B6%C3%B6t" title="Nööt – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Nööt" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orzech_(botanika)" title="Orzech (botanika) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Orzech (botanika)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noz" title="Noz – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Noz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruct_cu_coaj%C4%83_lignificat%C4%83" title="Fruct cu coajă lignificată – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fruct cu coajă lignificată" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85" title="Орех – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Орех" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nit" title="Nit – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Nit" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arror%C3%ABt" title="Arrorët – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Arrorët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuci_(fruttu)" title="Nuci (fruttu) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nuci (fruttu)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nut (fruit)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="گورو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گورو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orie%C5%A1ok_(plod)" title="Oriešok (plod) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Oriešok (plod)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ore%C5%A1ek" title="Orešek – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Orešek" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82" title="بوندوق – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بوندوق" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Орашасти плодови – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Орашасти плодови" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orah_(plod)" title="Orah (plod) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Orah (plod)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4hkin%C3%A4" title="Pähkinä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pähkinä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B6t" title="Nöt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nöt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuwes" title="Nuwes – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nuwes" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88" title="கொட்டை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கொட்டை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Чикләвек – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чикләвек" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7" title="ผลเปลือกแข็งเมล็ดเดียว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ผลเปลือกแข็งเมล็ดเดียว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B7" title="Чормағз – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Чормағз" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%90%E1%8E%AF" title="ᏐᎯ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏐᎯ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru_yemi%C5%9F" title="Kuru yemiş – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuru yemiş" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%85_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4)" title="Горіх (плід) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Горіх (плід)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B2" title="مغز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مغز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4hkim" title="Pähkim – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Pähkim" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Split plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/50px-Split-arrows.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/75px-Split-arrows.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/100px-Split-arrows.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that this article be <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">split</a></b> into articles titled <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nut (fruit)</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Nut_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nut (food)">Nut (food)</a></i>. (<a href="/wiki/Talk:Nut_(fruit)" title="Talk:Nut (fruit)">discuss</a>) <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fruit with outer shell protecting kernel</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chestnut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chestnut.jpg/290px-Chestnut.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chestnut.jpg/435px-Chestnut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chestnut.jpg/580px-Chestnut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1110" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">Chestnuts</a> are both botanical and culinary nuts.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Common-nuts.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Common-nuts.png/290px-Common-nuts.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Common-nuts.png/435px-Common-nuts.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Common-nuts.png/580px-Common-nuts.png 2x" data-file-width="1930" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption> <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">Hazelnuts</a> are botanical nuts.</li><li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_nut" title="Brazil nut">Brazil nuts</a> are not botanical nuts, but rather the seeds of a <a href="/wiki/Capsule_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capsule (botany)">capsule</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">Walnuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pecan" title="Pecan">pecans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">almonds</a> are not botanical nuts, but rather the seeds of <a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">drupes</a>.</li></ul></div> </figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a>, a <b>nut</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> from a tree (or shrub) consisting of a hard or tough <a href="/wiki/Nutshell" title="Nutshell">nutshell</a> protecting a <a href="/wiki/Kernel_(seed)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kernel (seed)">kernel</a> which is usually edible. The shell is <a href="/wiki/Dehiscence_(botany)" title="Dehiscence (botany)">indehiscent</a>, meaning it does not open to release the seed.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most seeds come from fruits that naturally free themselves from the shell, but this is not the case in nuts such as <a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">hazelnuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">chestnuts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Acorn" title="Acorn">acorns</a>, which have hard shell walls and originate from a compound <a href="/wiki/Ovary_(botany)" title="Ovary (botany)">ovary</a>. </p><p>Common usage of the term is less restrictive, which refers to any hard-walled, edible kernel as a nut.<sup id="cite_ref-the_encyclopedia_of_seeds_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-the_encyclopedia_of_seeds-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This original usage is preserved in a culinary sense, where many dry seeds are called "nuts" and come from indehiscent fruits. <a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">Almonds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">cashews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pistachio" title="Pistachio">pistachios</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brazil_nut" title="Brazil nut">Brazil nuts</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-tree_nuts_composition_phytochemicals_and_health_effects_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tree_nuts_composition_phytochemicals_and_health_effects-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are examples of "tree nuts" that are not <b>true nuts</b>. <a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">Peanuts</a> are a unique case, and grow underground from a <a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">legume</a>. </p><p>Nuts are an <a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">energy-dense</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nutrient" title="Nutrient">nutrient</a>-rich food source.<sup id="cite_ref-lpi_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nut_(fruit)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A seed is the mature fertilised <a href="/wiki/Ovule" title="Ovule">ovule</a> of a plant; it consists of three parts, the <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryo</a> which will develop into a new plant, stored food for the embryo, and a protective seed coat. <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">Botanically</a>, a nut is a fruit with a woody <a href="/wiki/Pericarp" class="mw-redirect" title="Pericarp">pericarp</a> developing from a syncarpous <a href="/wiki/Gynoecium" title="Gynoecium">gynoecium</a>. Nuts may be contained in an <a href="/wiki/Bract#Involucral_bracts" title="Bract">involucre</a>, a cup-shaped structure formed from the flower <a href="/wiki/Bract" title="Bract">bracts</a>. The involucre may be scaly, spiny, leafy or tubular, depending on the species of nut.<sup id="cite_ref-Palomar_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palomar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most nuts come from the <a href="/wiki/Carpel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpel">pistils</a> with <i>inferior</i> ovaries (see <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flower</a>) and all are <i>indehiscent</i> (not opening at maturity). True nuts are produced, for example, by some plant families of the <a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">order</a> <a href="/wiki/Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a>. These include <a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">beech</a> (<i>Fagus</i>), <a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">chestnut</a> (<i>Castanea</i>), <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> (<i>Quercus</i>), <a href="/wiki/Lithocarpus" title="Lithocarpus">stone-oak</a> (<i>Lithocarpus</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Notholithocarpus" title="Notholithocarpus">tanoak</a> (<i>Notholithocarpus</i>) in the family <a href="/wiki/Fagaceae" title="Fagaceae">Fagaceae</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Hazel" title="Hazel">hazel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corylus_maxima" title="Corylus maxima">filbert</a> (<i>Corylus</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Hornbeam" title="Hornbeam">hornbeam</a> (<i>Carpinus</i>) in the family <a href="/wiki/Betulaceae" title="Betulaceae">Betulaceae</a>. </p><p>Also widely known as nuts are dry <a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">drupes</a>, which include <a href="/wiki/Pecan" title="Pecan">pecans</a> (<i>Carya illinoensis</i>), <a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">almonds</a> (<i>Prunus amygdalus</i>), <a href="/wiki/Macadamia" title="Macadamia">macadamia</a> (<i>Macadamia integrifolia</i>), <a href="/wiki/Aleurites_moluccanus" title="Aleurites moluccanus">candlenut</a> (<i>Aleurites moluccanus</i>) and the <a href="/wiki/Water_caltrop" title="Water caltrop">water caltrop</a> (<i>Trapa bicornis</i>). A drupe is an <a href="/wiki/Dehiscence_(botany)" title="Dehiscence (botany)">indehiscent</a> fruit that has an outer fleshy part consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Exocarp" class="mw-redirect" title="Exocarp">exocarp</a>, or skin, and <a href="/wiki/Mesocarp" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesocarp">mesocarp</a>, or flesh, which surround a single pit or stone, the <a href="/wiki/Endocarp" class="mw-redirect" title="Endocarp">endocarp</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seed</a> (kernel) inside. In a dry drupe, the outer parts dry up and the remaining husk is part of the ovary wall or <a href="/wiki/Fruit_anatomy#Pericarp_layers" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruit anatomy">pericarp</a>, and the hard inner wall surrounding the seed represents the inner part of the pericarp.<sup id="cite_ref-Palomar_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palomar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A small nut may be called a "nutlet" (formerly called a nucule,<sup id="cite_ref-nucule_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nucule-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a term otherwise referring to the <a href="/wiki/Oogonium" title="Oogonium">oogonium</a> of <a href="/wiki/Charales" title="Charales">stoneworts</a><sup id="cite_ref-stonewort_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stonewort-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). In <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a>, the term "nutlet" can be used to describe a <a href="/wiki/Pyrena" title="Pyrena">pyrena</a> or pyrene, which is a <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seed</a> covered by a stony layer, such as the kernel of a <a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">drupe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pyrena_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pyrena-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walnuts and <a href="/wiki/Hickory" title="Hickory">hickories</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juglandaceae" title="Juglandaceae">Juglandaceae</a>) have fruits that are difficult to classify. They are considered to be nuts under some definitions but are also referred to as <a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">drupaceous</a> nuts.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In common use, a "tree nut" is, as the name implies, any nut coming from a tree. This most often comes up regarding <a href="/wiki/Food_allergy" title="Food allergy">food allergies</a>; a person may be allergic specifically to peanuts (which are not tree nuts but <a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">legumes</a>), whereas others may be allergic to the wider range of nuts that grow on trees. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nut_(fruit)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuts_market.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Nuts_market.jpg/220px-Nuts_market.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Nuts_market.jpg/330px-Nuts_market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Nuts_market.jpg/440px-Nuts_market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2768" data-file-height="2022" /></a><figcaption>Nuts being sold in a market</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238864702">.mw-parser-output .bar-chart{margin:0.5em;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid #c0c0c0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart caption{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th,.mw-parser-output .bar-chart td{padding:1px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="col"]:not(.bar-chart-label-type){width:15em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="row"]:not(.bar-chart-total){font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar{height:1.25em;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#cedff2;height:1.25em;margin:0 0 0 0;z-index:0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-comment{font-size:90%;padding-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-numbers{position:relative;top:-1.4em;height:1.25em;padding:0 0 0 2em;z-index:10;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-caption{border-top:1px solid #aaa}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-center{margin:0.5em auto}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}</style> <table class="bar-chart bar-chart-right"> <caption>2019 world production<br /><small>in millions of tonnes</small><sup id="cite_ref-faostat_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="bar-chart-label-type">Nut </th> <th scope="col">Production </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Coconuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconuts">Coconuts</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:15em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">62.5</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">Peanuts</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:11.7em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">48.8</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">Walnuts</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.1em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">4.5</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">Cashews</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">4.0</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">Almonds</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.8em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">3.5</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">Chestnuts</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.6em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">2.4</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">Hazelnuts</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.3em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">1.1</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Pistachio" title="Pistachio">Pistachios</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.2em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">0.9</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Brazil_nut" title="Brazil nut">Brazil nuts</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">0.07</span></span></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>In the 21st century, about a dozen species constitute most of the worldwide production of nuts, shown in the table below for major commercial nuts.<sup id="cite_ref-faostat_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="width:98%;" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3a4;" colspan="5">Culinary nuts </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:15%;">Name </th> <th>Image </th> <th style="width:15%;">Origin </th> <th style="width:25%;">Description </th> <th style="width:25%;">Production </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">Almond</a> <br />(<i>Prunus dulcis</i>) </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Almonds_-_in_shell,_shell_cracked_open,_shelled,_blanched.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Almonds in shell, shell cracked open, shelled and blanched" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Almonds_-_in_shell%2C_shell_cracked_open%2C_shelled%2C_blanched.jpg/185px-Almonds_-_in_shell%2C_shell_cracked_open%2C_shelled%2C_blanched.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Almonds_-_in_shell%2C_shell_cracked_open%2C_shelled%2C_blanched.jpg/278px-Almonds_-_in_shell%2C_shell_cracked_open%2C_shelled%2C_blanched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Almonds_-_in_shell%2C_shell_cracked_open%2C_shelled%2C_blanched.jpg/370px-Almonds_-_in_shell%2C_shell_cracked_open%2C_shelled%2C_blanched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Originated in Iran and the surrounding area. </td> <td>The fruit is a drupe, consisting of an outer hull and a hard shell, the endocarp, containing a single seed.<sup id="cite_ref-Palomar_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palomar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almonds are sold shelled or unshelled. Blanched almonds are almonds with the shells removed that have been treated with hot water to soften the seed coat, which is then removed. </td> <td>World production of unshelled almonds in 2019 was 3.5 million tonnes, and the largest producing countries were the United States, Spain, Iran, Turkey and Morocco.<sup id="cite_ref-faostat_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil_nut" title="Brazil nut">Brazil nut</a> <br />(<i>Bertholletia excelsa</i>) </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brazil_nut_DSC05477.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Brazil nut fruit containing nuts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Brazil_nut_DSC05477.JPG/185px-Brazil_nut_DSC05477.JPG" decoding="async" width="185" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Brazil_nut_DSC05477.JPG/278px-Brazil_nut_DSC05477.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Brazil_nut_DSC05477.JPG/370px-Brazil_nut_DSC05477.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1419" data-file-height="1292" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Native to tropical South America where the nuts are gathered from forest trees growing in the wild. </td> <td>The nuts are hard-shelled seeds borne in a hard, woody capsule.<sup id="cite_ref-Palomar_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palomar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>In 2019, global production of Brazil nuts was 78,000 tonnes, most of which were harvested from the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon rainforest</a> of Brazil and Bolivia.<sup id="cite_ref-faostat_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">Cashew</a> <br />(<i>Anacardium occidentale</i>) </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cahew_nut_fruit_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ripe cashew fruits" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Cahew_nut_fruit_01.jpg/185px-Cahew_nut_fruit_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Cahew_nut_fruit_01.jpg/278px-Cahew_nut_fruit_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Cahew_nut_fruit_01.jpg/370px-Cahew_nut_fruit_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Originated in northeastern Brazil and widely grown in the tropics. </td> <td>The fruit is a thick-shelled, seed-bearing drupe borne at the apex of a fleshy stalk known as a cashew apple.<sup id="cite_ref-Palomar_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palomar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>World production in 2019 of cashew nuts with shells was around 4 million tonnes, with Côte d'Ivoire and India being the main producing countries.<sup id="cite_ref-faostat_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">Chestnut</a> <br />(<i>Castanea spp.</i>) </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chestnut03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Chestnuts in spiny fruit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Chestnut03.jpg/185px-Chestnut03.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Chestnut03.jpg/278px-Chestnut03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Chestnut03.jpg/370px-Chestnut03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, and was at one time a staple crop in some regions. </td> <td>It is a true nut and grows in a spiny, cup-shaped involucre formed from the calyx.<sup id="cite_ref-Palomar_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palomar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>World production in 2019 was 2.4 million tonnes, and the main producing countries were China, Turkey, South Korea, Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-faostat_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a> <br />(<i>Cocos nucifera</i>) </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cocos_nucifera_(coconut)_5_(38507429165).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Split coconut in husk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Cocos_nucifera_%28coconut%29_5_%2838507429165%29.jpg/185px-Cocos_nucifera_%28coconut%29_5_%2838507429165%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Cocos_nucifera_%28coconut%29_5_%2838507429165%29.jpg/278px-Cocos_nucifera_%28coconut%29_5_%2838507429165%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Cocos_nucifera_%28coconut%29_5_%2838507429165%29.jpg/370px-Cocos_nucifera_%28coconut%29_5_%2838507429165%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2257" data-file-height="1749" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Grown throughout the tropics. </td> <td>The fruit is a dry <a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">drupe</a>, with both the <a href="/wiki/Coconut#Coconut_meat" title="Coconut">coconut flesh</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Coconut_water" title="Coconut water">coconut water</a> developing from the endosperm, being surrounded by the fibrous husk.<sup id="cite_ref-Palomar_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palomar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Has the largest world production of any nuts, with a global figure of 62.51 million tonnes in 2019, with Indonesia, the Philippines and India being the largest producers.<sup id="cite_ref-faostat_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">Hazelnut</a> <br />(<i>Corylus avellana</i>) </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazelnuts_(Corylus_avellana)_-_whole_with_kernels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Whole hazelnuts and kernels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Hazelnuts_%28Corylus_avellana%29_-_whole_with_kernels.jpg/185px-Hazelnuts_%28Corylus_avellana%29_-_whole_with_kernels.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Hazelnuts_%28Corylus_avellana%29_-_whole_with_kernels.jpg/278px-Hazelnuts_%28Corylus_avellana%29_-_whole_with_kernels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Hazelnuts_%28Corylus_avellana%29_-_whole_with_kernels.jpg/370px-Hazelnuts_%28Corylus_avellana%29_-_whole_with_kernels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3375" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. </td> <td>The fruit is a true nut and grows in a leafy or tubular involucre formed from the calyx.<sup id="cite_ref-Palomar_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palomar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>In 2019, world production of hazelnuts in shells was 1.1 million tonnes, predominantly grown in Turkey, with other notable producing countries being Italy, Azerbaijan, the United States, Chile and China.<sup id="cite_ref-faostat_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Macadamia" title="Macadamia">Macadamia</a> <br />(<i>Macadamia</i> spp.) </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MacNut2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Whole macadamia nut and roasted kernel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/MacNut2.JPG/185px-MacNut2.JPG" decoding="async" width="185" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/MacNut2.JPG/278px-MacNut2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/MacNut2.JPG/370px-MacNut2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="270" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Indigenous to Australia and an important food for the <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal peoples</a> before Europeans arrived. </td> <td>The fruit is a hard, woody, globose follicle with a pointed apex, containing one or two seeds. </td> <td>Total world production in 2018 was 200,000 tonnes, South Africa being the largest producer, followed by Australia and Kenya.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">Peanut</a> <br />(<i>Arachis hypogaea</i>) </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peanuts_(Arachis_hypogaea)_-_in_shell,_shell_cracked_open,_shelled,_peeled.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Peanuts in shell, shell cracked open, shelled, peeled" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Peanuts_%28Arachis_hypogaea%29_-_in_shell%2C_shell_cracked_open%2C_shelled%2C_peeled.jpg/185px-Peanuts_%28Arachis_hypogaea%29_-_in_shell%2C_shell_cracked_open%2C_shelled%2C_peeled.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Peanuts_%28Arachis_hypogaea%29_-_in_shell%2C_shell_cracked_open%2C_shelled%2C_peeled.jpg/278px-Peanuts_%28Arachis_hypogaea%29_-_in_shell%2C_shell_cracked_open%2C_shelled%2C_peeled.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Peanuts_%28Arachis_hypogaea%29_-_in_shell%2C_shell_cracked_open%2C_shelled%2C_peeled.jpg/370px-Peanuts_%28Arachis_hypogaea%29_-_in_shell%2C_shell_cracked_open%2C_shelled%2C_peeled.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Originated in South America and may have been in cultivation for 10,000 years. Widely grown in the tropics. </td> <td>The plant is a <a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">legume</a> and the fruit is a papery pod containing one or more nut-like seeds.<sup id="cite_ref-Palomar_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palomar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>World production in 2019 was 49 million tonnes, China is the largest producing country, followed by India, Nigeria, Sudan, and the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-faostat_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pecan" title="Pecan">Pecan</a> <br />(<i>Carya illinoinensis</i>) </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carya_illinoinensis_MHNT.BOT.2011.3.85.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Whole pecans and kernels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Carya_illinoinensis_MHNT.BOT.2011.3.85.jpg/185px-Carya_illinoinensis_MHNT.BOT.2011.3.85.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Carya_illinoinensis_MHNT.BOT.2011.3.85.jpg/278px-Carya_illinoinensis_MHNT.BOT.2011.3.85.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Carya_illinoinensis_MHNT.BOT.2011.3.85.jpg/370px-Carya_illinoinensis_MHNT.BOT.2011.3.85.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5375" data-file-height="3583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Native to the southern United States and northern Mexico. </td> <td>The fruit is a pseudo-drupe with a green, semi-fleshy husk. </td> <td>Two to three million tonnes are harvested annually; in the United States, most pecans are produced in Georgia, New Mexico and Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pine_nut" title="Pine nut">Pine nuts</a> <br />(<i>Pinus</i> spp.) </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KoreanPineSeeds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Unshelled and shelled Korean pine nuts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/KoreanPineSeeds.jpg/185px-KoreanPineSeeds.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/KoreanPineSeeds.jpg/278px-KoreanPineSeeds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/KoreanPineSeeds.jpg/370px-KoreanPineSeeds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Northern hemisphere. </td> <td>Seeds extracted from woody cones.<sup id="cite_ref-Palomar_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palomar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>In 2017, world production was 23,600 tons, the main producing countries being South Korea, Russia, China, Pakistan and Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pistachio" title="Pistachio">Pistachio</a> <br />(<i>Pistacia vera</i>) </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pistachio_macro_whitebackground_NS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Pistacho shell with the seed visible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Pistachio_macro_whitebackground_NS.jpg/185px-Pistachio_macro_whitebackground_NS.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Pistachio_macro_whitebackground_NS.jpg/278px-Pistachio_macro_whitebackground_NS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Pistachio_macro_whitebackground_NS.jpg/370px-Pistachio_macro_whitebackground_NS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Native to Central Asia, where it is a desert tree. </td> <td>The fruit is a drupe, containing a single elongated seed in a hard, cream-coloured shell, which abruptly splits open when ripe.<sup id="cite_ref-Palomar_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palomar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>World production in 2019 totalled 0.9 million tonnes, the main producing countries being Iran and the United States, with lesser quantities coming from China and Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-faostat_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">Walnut</a> <br />(<i>Juglans regia</i>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Juglans_nigra" title="Juglans nigra">Black walnut</a> <br />(<i>Juglans nigra</i>) </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Walnuts_-_whole_and_open_with_halved_kernel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Whole walnuts and kernel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Walnuts_-_whole_and_open_with_halved_kernel.jpg/185px-Walnuts_-_whole_and_open_with_halved_kernel.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Walnuts_-_whole_and_open_with_halved_kernel.jpg/278px-Walnuts_-_whole_and_open_with_halved_kernel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Walnuts_-_whole_and_open_with_halved_kernel.jpg/370px-Walnuts_-_whole_and_open_with_halved_kernel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><i>J. regia</i> originated in south eastern Europe, western/central Asia, and <i>J. nigra</i> originated in the eastern United States. </td> <td>The fruit is a pseudo-drupe with a green, semi-fleshy husk.<sup id="cite_ref-Palomar_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palomar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>In 2019, world production of walnuts in shells was 4.5 million tonnes, predominantly grown in China, with other notable producing countries being the United States and Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-faostat_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toxicity">Toxicity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nut_(fruit)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Toxicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nuts used for food are a common source of food allergens.<sup id="cite_ref-lpi_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reactions can range from mild symptoms to severe ones, a condition known as <a href="/wiki/Anaphylaxis" title="Anaphylaxis">anaphylaxis</a>, which can be life-threatening. The reaction is due to the release of <a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">histamine</a> by the body in response to an <a href="/wiki/Allergen" title="Allergen">allergen</a> in the nuts, causing <a href="/wiki/Food_allergy#Signs_and_symptoms" title="Food allergy">skin and other possible reactions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many experts suggest that a person with an allergy to peanuts should avoid eating tree nuts, and vice versa.<sup id="cite_ref-lpi_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nut_(fruit)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nutrition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fancy_raw_mixed_nuts_macro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Fancy_raw_mixed_nuts_macro.jpg/220px-Fancy_raw_mixed_nuts_macro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Fancy_raw_mixed_nuts_macro.jpg/330px-Fancy_raw_mixed_nuts_macro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Fancy_raw_mixed_nuts_macro.jpg/440px-Fancy_raw_mixed_nuts_macro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2332" /></a><figcaption>Raw <a href="/wiki/Mixed_nuts" title="Mixed nuts">mixed nuts</a>, sold as a snack food</figcaption></figure><p>Nuts contain the diverse nutrients that are needed for the growth of a new plant.<sup id="cite_ref-lpi_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Composition varies, but they tend to have a low water and <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrate</a> content, with high levels of fats, <a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">protein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dietary_minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietary minerals">dietary minerals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">vitamins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lpi_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The digestibility of the protein at about 90% is slightly lower than that of meat and fish, but can be improved by chewing thoroughly.<sup id="cite_ref-Jaffa_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jaffa-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fats are largely <a href="/wiki/Fat#Unsaturated_fat" title="Fat">unsaturated</a> and nuts are a source of essential <a href="/wiki/Omega-3_fatty_acid" title="Omega-3 fatty acid">omega-3 fatty acids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lpi_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Whitney_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitney-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of a healthy human diet, long-term consumption of diverse nutrients in nuts may contribute to a lower risk of <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiovascular diseases">cardiovascular diseases</a>, reduced levels of <a href="/wiki/Blood_cholesterol" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood cholesterol">blood cholesterol</a>, and lower <a href="/wiki/Mortality_rate" title="Mortality rate">all-cause mortality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lpi_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For vegetarians and <a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">vegans</a>, nuts provide many of the essential nutrients which may be in short supply in other <a href="/wiki/Plant-based_diet" title="Plant-based diet">plant foods</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jaffa_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jaffa-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nuts supply nutrients for humans and wildlife.<sup id="cite_ref-lpi_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because nuts generally have a high oil content, they are a significant energy source.<sup id="cite_ref-lpi_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many seeds are edible by humans and used in cooking, eaten raw, sprouted, or roasted as a <a href="/wiki/Snack" title="Snack">snack food</a>, ground to make nut butters, or pressed for oil that is used in cooking and cosmetics.<sup id="cite_ref-lpi_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regular nut consumption of more than 5 ounces (140 g) per week may benefit weight control and contribute to lowering body weight in humans.<sup id="cite_ref-lpi_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constituents">Constituents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nut_(fruit)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Constituents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nuts are the source of energy and nutrients for the new plant. They contain a relatively large quantity of calories, essential <a href="/wiki/Unsaturated_fat" title="Unsaturated fat">unsaturated</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fat" title="Monounsaturated fat">monounsaturated fats</a> including <a href="/wiki/Linoleic_acid" title="Linoleic acid">linoleic acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linolenic_acid" title="Linolenic acid">linolenic acid</a>, vitamins, and essential amino acids.<sup id="cite_ref-lpi_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many nuts are good sources of <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">vitamin E</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitamin B2">vitamin B<sub>2</sub></a>, <a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">folate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">fiber</a>, and essential minerals, such as magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, copper, and selenium.<sup id="cite_ref-lpi_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This table lists the percentage of various nutrients in four unroasted seeds. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Protein </th> <th>Total fat </th> <th>Saturated fat </th> <th>Polyunsaturated fat </th> <th>Monounsaturated fat </th> <th>Carbohydrate </th></tr> <tr> <td>Almonds </td> <td>21.26 </td> <td>50.64 </td> <td>3.881 </td> <td>12.214 </td> <td>32.155 </td> <td>28.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Walnuts </td> <td>15.23 </td> <td>65.21 </td> <td>6.126 </td> <td>47.174 </td> <td>8.933 </td> <td>19.56 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Peanuts </td> <td>23.68 </td> <td>49.66 </td> <td>6.893 </td> <td>15.694 </td> <td>24.64 </td> <td>26.66 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pistachio </td> <td>20.61 </td> <td>44.44 </td> <td>5.44 </td> <td>13.455 </td> <td>23.319 </td> <td>34.95 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research">Research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nut_(fruit)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nuts are under preliminary research to assess whether their consumption is associated with lower risk for some diseases, such as <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiovascular diseases">cardiovascular diseases</a> and cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-lpi_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Au2016_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Au2016-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2014 review indicated that consuming one or more servings of nuts or <a href="/wiki/Peanut_butter" title="Peanut butter">peanut butter</a> per day was associated with lower risk of <a href="/wiki/Ischemic_heart_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Ischemic heart disease">ischemic heart disease</a>, overall cardiovascular disease, stroke in women, and all-cause <a href="/wiki/Mortality_rate" title="Mortality rate">mortality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2022 umbrella review confirmed these findings and found a 22% reduction in all-cause mortality.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nut_(fruit)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_nuts" title="List of culinary nuts">List of culinary nuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_edible_seeds" title="List of edible seeds">List of edible seeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foods" class="mw-redirect" title="List of foods">List of foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">Nutmeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutcracker" title="Nutcracker">Nutcracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achene" title="Achene">Achene</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nut_(fruit)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/nut-plant-reproductive-body">"Nut: Plant reproductive body"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. 6 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nut%3A+Plant+reproductive+body&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.date=2024-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Fnut-plant-reproductive-body&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANut+%28fruit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-the_encyclopedia_of_seeds-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-the_encyclopedia_of_seeds_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackHalmer2006" class="citation book cs1">Black, Michael H.; Halmer, Peter (2006). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofse00mich"><i>The encyclopedia of seeds: science, technology and uses</i></a></span>. Wallingford, UK: CABI. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofse00mich/page/n255">228</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85199-723-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85199-723-0"><bdi>978-0-85199-723-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+encyclopedia+of+seeds%3A+science%2C+technology+and+uses&rft.place=Wallingford%2C+UK&rft.pages=228&rft.pub=CABI&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-85199-723-0&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Michael+H.&rft.au=Halmer%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofse00mich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANut+%28fruit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tree_nuts_composition_phytochemicals_and_health_effects-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tree_nuts_composition_phytochemicals_and_health_effects_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlasalvarShahidi2008" class="citation book cs1">Alasalvar, Cesarettin; Shahidi, Fereidoon (17 December 2008). <i>Tree Nuts: Composition, Phytochemicals, and Health Effects (Nutraceutical Science and Technology)</i>. CRC. p. 143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-3735-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-3735-2"><bdi>978-0-8493-3735-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tree+Nuts%3A+Composition%2C+Phytochemicals%2C+and+Health+Effects+%28Nutraceutical+Science+and+Technology%29&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=CRC&rft.date=2008-12-17&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-3735-2&rft.aulast=Alasalvar&rft.aufirst=Cesarettin&rft.au=Shahidi%2C+Fereidoon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANut+%28fruit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lpi-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lpi_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lpi_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lpi_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lpi_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lpi_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lpi_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lpi_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lpi_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lpi_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lpi_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lpi_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lpi_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lpi_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lpi_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/food-beverages/nuts">"Nuts"</a>. Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. 1 September 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328191713/https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/food-beverages/nuts">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nuts&rft.pub=Micronutrient+Information+Center%2C+Linus+Pauling+Institute%2C+Oregon+State+University%2C+Corvallis%2C+OR&rft.date=2018-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flpi.oregonstate.edu%2Fmic%2Ffood-beverages%2Fnuts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANut+%28fruit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palomar-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palomar_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palomar_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palomar_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palomar_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palomar_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palomar_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palomar_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palomar_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palomar_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palomar_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palomar_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palomar_5-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmstrong,_W.P.2009" class="citation web cs1">Armstrong, W.P. (15 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.palomar.edu/users/warmstrong/ecoph8.htm">"Fruits Called Nuts"</a>. Palomar College. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107151123/https://www2.palomar.edu/users/warmstrong/ecoph8.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fruits+Called+Nuts&rft.pub=Palomar+College&rft.date=2009-03-15&rft.au=Armstrong%2C+W.P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.palomar.edu%2Fusers%2Fwarmstrong%2Fecoph8.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANut+%28fruit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nucule-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nucule_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E.g., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindley1846" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Lindley" title="John Lindley">Lindley, John</a> (1846), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ybw9AAAAYAAJ"><i>The Vegetable Kingdom</i></a>, London: Bradbury and Evans, p. 66</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vegetable+Kingdom&rft.place=London&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Bradbury+and+Evans&rft.date=1846&rft.aulast=Lindley&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dybw9AAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANut+%28fruit%29" class="Z3988"></span>; compare <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElpel1997–2021" class="citation web cs1">Elpel, Thomas J. (1997–2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wildflowers-and-weeds.com/Plant_Families/Verbenaceae.htm">"Verbenaceae: Plants of the Verbena Family"</a>. <i>Wildflowers-and-Weeds.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wildflowers-and-Weeds.com&rft.atitle=Verbenaceae%3A+Plants+of+the+Verbena+Family&rft.date=1997%2F2021&rft.aulast=Elpel&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wildflowers-and-weeds.com%2FPlant_Families%2FVerbenaceae.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANut+%28fruit%29" class="Z3988"></span> The term <i>nucula</i> was applied specifically to hazelnuts (<i>Corylus</i>) in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson1825" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_William_Watson" title="Peter William Watson">Watson, P. W.</a> (1825). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J2Q-AAAAcAAJ"><i>Dendrologia Britannica</i></a>. London: Author. pp. xlix.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dendrologia+Britannica&rft.place=London&rft.pages=xlix&rft.pub=Author&rft.date=1825&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=P.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ2Q-AAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANut+%28fruit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stonewort-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stonewort_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindley1831" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Lindley" title="John Lindley">Lindley, John</a> (1831). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q2QaAAAAYAAJ"><i>An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany</i></a>. New York: G & C & H Carvill. p. 323.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Natural+System+of+Botany&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=323&rft.pub=G+%26+C+%26+H+Carvill&rft.date=1831&rft.aulast=Lindley&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ2QaAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANut+%28fruit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pyrena-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pyrena_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEckel2010–2023" class="citation web cs1">Eckel, P. M. (2010–2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mobot.org/mobot/latindict/keyDetail.aspx?keyWord=drupe">"A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin s.v. Drupe"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Production+of+nuts+%28use+pick+lists+for+Crops%2FRegions%2FWorld+list%2FProduction+Quantity%29&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations%2C+Corporate+Statistical+Database+%28FAOSTAT%29&rft.date=2019&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffaostat%2Fen%2F%23data%2FQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANut+%28fruit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson,_Jennifer2005" class="citation book cs1">Wilkinson, Jennifer (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0WjoH4jchEMC&q=world-wide%20nut%20production&pg=PT14"><i>Nut Grower's Guide: The Complete Handbook for Producers and Hobbyists</i></a>. Csiro Publishing. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-643-06963-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-643-06963-1"><bdi>0-643-06963-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230427120913/https://books.google.com/books?id=0WjoH4jchEMC&q=world-wide%20nut%20production&pg=PT14">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Cengage Learning. pp. 755–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-337-67237-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-337-67237-5"><bdi>978-1-337-67237-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230427120913/https://books.google.com/books?id=9xREDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT755">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Nutrition&rft.pages=755-&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-337-67237-5&rft.au=Whitney%2C+Ellie&rft.au=Rolfes%2C+Sharon+Rady&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9xREDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANut+%28fruit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKris-EthertonYu-PothSabatéRatcliffe1999" class="citation journal cs1">Kris-Etherton PM, Yu-Poth S, Sabaté J, Ratcliffe HE, Zhao G, Etherton TD (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fajcn%2F70.3.504s">"Nuts and their bioactive constituents: effects on serum lipids and other factors that affect disease risk"</a>. <i>Am J Clin Nutr</i>. <b>70</b> (3 Suppl): 504S–511S. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fajcn%2F70.3.504s">10.1093/ajcn/70.3.504s</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10479223">10479223</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Am+J+Clin+Nutr&rft.atitle=Nuts+and+their+bioactive+constituents%3A+effects+on+serum+lipids+and+other+factors+that+affect+disease+risk&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=3+Suppl&rft.pages=504S-511S&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fajcn%2F70.3.504s&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10479223&rft.aulast=Kris-Etherton&rft.aufirst=PM&rft.au=Yu-Poth%2C+S&rft.au=Sabat%C3%A9%2C+J&rft.au=Ratcliffe%2C+HE&rft.au=Zhao%2C+G&rft.au=Etherton%2C+TD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fajcn%252F70.3.504s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANut+%28fruit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Au2016-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Au2016_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAuneKeumGiovannucciFadnes2016" class="citation journal cs1">Aune, D; Keum, N; Giovannucci, E; Fadnes, LT; Boffetta, P; Greenwood, DC; Tonstad, S; Vatten, LJ; Riboli, E; Norat, T (5 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5137221">"Nut consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies"</a>. <i>BMC Medicine</i>. <b>14</b> (1): 207. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12916-016-0730-3">10.1186/s12916-016-0730-3</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5137221">5137221</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27916000">27916000</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Medicine&rft.atitle=Nut+consumption+and+risk+of+cardiovascular+disease%2C+total+cancer%2C+all-cause+and+cause-specific+mortality%3A+a+systematic+review+and+dose-response+meta-analysis+of+prospective+studies.&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=207&rft.date=2016-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5137221%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27916000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs12916-016-0730-3&rft.aulast=Aune&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Keum%2C+N&rft.au=Giovannucci%2C+E&rft.au=Fadnes%2C+LT&rft.au=Boffetta%2C+P&rft.au=Greenwood%2C+DC&rft.au=Tonstad%2C+S&rft.au=Vatten%2C+LJ&rft.au=Riboli%2C+E&rft.au=Norat%2C+T&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5137221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANut+%28fruit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuoZhangDingShan2014" class="citation journal cs1">Luo, C; Zhang, Y; Ding, Y; Shan, Z; Chen, S; Yu, M; Hu, FB; Liu, L (July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3945%2Fajcn.113.076109">"Nut consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis"</a>. <i>American Journal of Clinical Nutrition</i>. <b>100</b> (1): 256–69. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3945%2Fajcn.113.076109">10.3945/ajcn.113.076109</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24847854">24847854</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Nut+consumption+and+risk+of+type+2+diabetes%2C+cardiovascular+disease%2C+and+all-cause+mortality%3A+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=256-69&rft.date=2014-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3945%2Fajcn.113.076109&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24847854&rft.aulast=Luo&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Y&rft.au=Ding%2C+Y&rft.au=Shan%2C+Z&rft.au=Chen%2C+S&rft.au=Yu%2C+M&rft.au=Hu%2C+FB&rft.au=Liu%2C+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3945%252Fajcn.113.076109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANut+%28fruit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalakrishnaBjørnerudBemanianAune2022" class="citation journal cs1">Balakrishna R, Bjørnerud T, Bemanian M, Aune D, Fadnes LT (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9776667">"Consumption of Nuts and Seeds and Health Outcomes Including Cardiovascular, Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Cancer, and Mortality: an Umbrella Review"</a>. <i>Advances in Nutrition</i>. <b>13</b> (6): 2136–2148. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fadvances%2Fnmac077">10.1093/advances/nmac077</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9776667">9776667</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36041171">36041171</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Consumption+of+Nuts+and+Seeds+and+Health+Outcomes+Including+Cardiovascular%2C+Diabetes+and+Metabolic+Disease%2C+Cancer%2C+and+Mortality%3A+an+Umbrella+Review&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=2136-2148&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9776667%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36041171&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fadvances%2Fnmac077&rft.aulast=Balakrishna&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Bj%C3%B8rnerud%2C+T&rft.au=Bemanian%2C+M&rft.au=Aune%2C+D&rft.au=Fadnes%2C+LT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9776667&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANut+%28fruit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <p><b>Further reading</b> </p> <ul><li>Albala, Ken (2014) <i>Nuts A Global History</i>. The Edible Series. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78023-282-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78023-282-9">978-1-78023-282-9</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nut_(fruit)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Nuts_and_Seeds" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Nuts and Seeds">Nuts and Seeds</a> at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nuts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nuts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nuts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nuts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nuts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">True, or <a class="mw-selflink selflink">botanical nuts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acorn" title="Acorn">Acorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">Beech</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fagus_grandifolia" title="Fagus grandifolia">American beech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagus_sylvatica" title="Fagus sylvatica">European beech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brosimum_alicastrum" title="Brosimum alicastrum">Breadnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleurites_moluccanus" title="Aleurites moluccanus">Candlenut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">Chestnut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castanea_sativa" class="mw-redirect" title="Castanea sativa">Sweet chestnut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">Hazelnut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_americana" title="Corylus americana">American hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_cornuta" title="Corylus cornuta">Beaked hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_avellana" title="Corylus avellana">European hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_maxima" title="Corylus maxima">Filbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_heterophylla" title="Corylus heterophylla">Asian hazel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kola_nut" title="Kola nut">Kola nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachychiton" title="Brachychiton">Kurrajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachira_aquatica" title="Pachira aquatica">Malabar chestnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaeis_guineensis" title="Elaeis guineensis">Palm nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hicksbeachia_pinnatifolia" title="Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia">Red bopple nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beilschmiedia_bancroftii" title="Beilschmiedia bancroftii">Yellow walnut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">Drupes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">Almond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semecarpus_australiensis" title="Semecarpus australiensis">Australian cashew nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">Betel nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorea" title="Shorea">Borneo tallow nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">Breadfruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">Cashew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gevuina" title="Gevuina">Chilean hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durian" title="Durian">Durian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coula_edulis" title="Coula edulis">Gabon nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory" title="Hickory">Hickory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carya_tomentosa" title="Carya tomentosa">Mockernut hickory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecan" title="Pecan">Pecan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carya_ovata" title="Carya ovata">Shagbark hickory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carya_laciniosa" title="Carya laciniosa">Shellbark hickory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaeocarpus_bancroftii" title="Elaeocarpus bancroftii">Johnstone River almond</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Irvingia_gabonensis" title="Irvingia gabonensis">Irvingia gabonensis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">Jack nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karuka" title="Karuka">Karuka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pandanus_julianettii" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandanus julianettii">Planted karuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandanus_brosimos" title="Pandanus brosimos">Wild karuka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongongo" title="Mongongo">Mongongo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panda_oleosa" title="Panda oleosa">Panda oleosa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryocar_nuciferum" title="Caryocar nuciferum">Pekea nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarium_ovatum" title="Canarium ovatum">Pili nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistachio" title="Pistachio">Pistachio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">Walnut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juglans_nigra" title="Juglans nigra">Black walnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglans_cinerea" title="Juglans cinerea">Butternut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglans_regia" title="Juglans regia">English walnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglans_ailantifolia" title="Juglans ailantifolia">Heartnut</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gymnosperm" title="Gymnosperm">Gymnosperms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycad" title="Cycad">Cycad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macrozamia" title="Macrozamia">Burrawang nut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginkgo_biloba" title="Ginkgo biloba">Ginkgo nut</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Araucaria" title="Araucaria">Araucaria</a></i> spp. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araucaria_bidwillii" title="Araucaria bidwillii">Bunya nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araucaria_araucana" title="Araucaria araucana">Monkey-puzzle nut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_nut" title="Pine nut">Pine nut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_gerardiana" title="Pinus gerardiana">Chilgoza pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_edulis" title="Pinus edulis">Colorado pinyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_koraiensis" title="Pinus koraiensis">Korean pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_cembroides" title="Pinus cembroides">Mexican pinyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_monophylla" title="Pinus monophylla">Single-leaf pinyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_pine" title="Stone pine">Stone pine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_nut" title="Brazil nut">Brazil nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macadamia" title="Macadamia">Macadamia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macadamia_tetraphylla" title="Macadamia tetraphylla">Macadamia nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macadamia_integrifolia" title="Macadamia integrifolia">Queensland macadamia nut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecythis" title="Lecythis">Paradise nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">Peanut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterculia_quadrifida" title="Sterculia quadrifida">Peanut tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">Soybean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_fruits" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fruits" title="Template:Fruits"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fruits" title="Template talk:Fruits"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fruits" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fruits"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_fruits" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruits</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of fruits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achene" title="Achene">Achene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry_(botany)" title="Berry (botany)">Berry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hesperidium" title="Hesperidium">Hesperidium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry_(botany)#Modified_berries" title="Berry (botany)">Pepo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsule_(fruit)" title="Capsule (fruit)">Capsule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryopsis" title="Caryopsis">Caryopsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">Drupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follicle_(fruit)" title="Follicle (fruit)">Follicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">Legume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loment" title="Loment">Loment</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pome" title="Pome">Pome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samara_(fruit)" title="Samara (fruit)">Samara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schizocarp" title="Schizocarp">Schizocarp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silique" title="Silique">Silique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syconium" title="Syconium">Syconium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories of fruits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accessory_fruit" title="Accessory fruit">Accessory fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit#Simple_fruit" title="Fruit">Simple fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_fruit" title="Compound fruit">Compound fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aggregate_fruit" title="Aggregate fruit">Aggregate fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_fruit" title="Multiple fruit">Multiple fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehiscence_(botany)" title="Dehiscence (botany)">Dehiscent fruit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Function</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diaspore_(botany)" title="Diaspore (botany)">Diaspore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drift_seed" title="Drift seed">Drift fruit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Non-timber_forest_products" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Non-timber_forest_products" title="Template:Non-timber forest products"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Non-timber_forest_products" title="Template talk:Non-timber forest products"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Non-timber_forest_products" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Non-timber forest products"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Non-timber_forest_products" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Non-timber_forest_product" title="Non-timber forest product">Non-timber forest products</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animal_product" title="Animal product">Animal products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fur" title="Fur">Furs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">Honey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pine_honey" title="Pine honey">pine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_(hunting)" title="Game (hunting)">Wild game</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berry" title="Berry">Berries</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fruit_tree" title="Fruit tree">tree fruit</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">Banana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilberry" title="Bilberry">Bilberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcinia_binucao" title="Garcinia binucao">Binukaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackberry" title="Blackberry">Blackberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">Blueberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">Breadfruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">Cocoa bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durian" title="Durian">Durian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcinia_gummi-gutta" title="Garcinia gummi-gutta">Gambooge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huckleberry" title="Huckleberry">Huckleberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">Jackfruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniper_berry" title="Juniper berry">Juniper berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccinium_vitis-idaea" title="Vaccinium vitis-idaea">Lingonberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raspberry" title="Raspberry">Raspberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">Strawberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">Tamarind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fragaria_vesca" title="Fragaria vesca">Woodland strawberry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaf_vegetables" title="List of leaf vegetables">Edible plants</a> / <a href="/wiki/Root" title="Root">roots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betel" title="Betel">Betel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddlehead" title="Fiddlehead">Fiddlehead ferns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_palm" title="Heart of palm">Heart of palm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhuca_longifolia#Mahuwa_flowers" title="Madhuca longifolia">Mahuwa flowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metroxylon_sagu" title="Metroxylon sagu">Sago palm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycas_circinalis" title="Cycas circinalis">queen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassafras" title="Sassafras">Sassafras</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fil%C3%A9_powder" title="Filé powder">filé powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root_beer" title="Root beer">root beer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serenoa" title="Serenoa">Saw palmetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginseng#Wild_ginseng" title="Ginseng">Wild ginseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_onion" title="Wild onion">Wild onions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allium_ursinum" title="Allium ursinum">Bear garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_canadense" title="Allium canadense">Canada onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_vineale" title="Allium vineale">Crow garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_bisceptrum" title="Allium bisceptrum">Twincrest onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_validum" title="Allium validum">Pacific mountain onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_tricoccum" title="Allium tricoccum">Ramps</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Edible_mushroom" title="Edible mushroom">Mushrooms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russula_vesca" title="Russula vesca">Bare-toothed russula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imleria_badia" title="Imleria badia">Bay bolete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leccinum_scabrum" title="Leccinum scabrum">Birch bolete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boletus_edulis" title="Boletus edulis">Cep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantharellus" title="Cantharellus">Chanterelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armillaria_mellea" title="Armillaria mellea">Honey mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingzhi_(mushroom)" title="Lingzhi (mushroom)">Lingzhi</a> (reishi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsutake" title="Matsutake">Matsutake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agaricus_campestris" title="Agaricus campestris">Meadow mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morchella" title="Morchella">Morel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleurotus_ostreatus" title="Pleurotus ostreatus">Oyster mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrolepiota_procera" title="Macrolepiota procera">Parasol mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leccinum_aurantiacum" title="Leccinum aurantiacum">Red cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactarius_deliciosus" title="Lactarius deliciosus">Saffron milk cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suillus_luteus" title="Suillus luteus">Slippery jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truffle" title="Truffle">Truffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricholoma_equestre" title="Tricholoma equestre">Yellow knight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nuts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spices</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allspice" title="Allspice">Allspice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">Areca nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">Bay leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Black pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_nut" title="Brazil nut">Brazil nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">Clove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">Hazelnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaphium_affine" title="Scaphium affine">Malva nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">Nutmeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_nut" title="Pine nut">Pine nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">Vanilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">Oil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wax" title="Wax">waxes</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allanblackia_oil" title="Allanblackia oil">Allanblackia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babassu_oil" title="Babassu oil">Babassu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonia" title="Platonia">Bacuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candlenut_oil" title="Candlenut oil">Candlenut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobroma_grandiflorum" title="Theobroma grandiflorum">Capuacu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnauba_wax" title="Carnauba wax">Carnauba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydnocarpus_wightiana_seed_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydnocarpus wightiana seed oil">Chaulmoogra <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Hydnocarpus wightiana</i>)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_butter" title="Cocoa butter">Cocoa butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptol" title="Eucalyptol">Eucalyptol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus_oil" title="Eucalyptus oil">Eucalyptus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illipe" title="Illipe">Illipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_wax" title="Japan wax">Japan wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokum_butter" title="Kokum butter">Kokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pycnanthus_angolensis" title="Pycnanthus angolensis">Kombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentadesma_butyracea" title="Pentadesma butyracea">Kpangnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusum_oil" title="Kusum oil">Kusum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichilia_emetica" title="Trichilia emetica">Mafura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhuca_longifolia#Oil" title="Madhuca longifolia">Mahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_oil" title="Mango oil">Mango butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrocaryum_murumuru" title="Astrocaryum murumuru">Murumuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagkesar_seed_oil" title="Nagkesar seed oil">Nagkesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">Palm</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palm_kernel_oil" title="Palm kernel oil">kernel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phulwara_oil" title="Phulwara oil">Phulwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilu_oil" title="Pilu oil">Pilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongamia_oil" title="Pongamia oil">Pongamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorea_robusta_seed_oil" title="Shorea robusta seed oil">Sal-seed <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Shorea robusta</i>)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandalwood_oil" title="Sandalwood oil">Sandalwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shea_butter" title="Shea butter">Shea butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamanu_oil" title="Tamanu oil">Tamanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_seed_oil" title="Tea seed oil">Tea-seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_tree_oil" title="Tea tree oil">Tea-tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrocaryum_aculeatum" title="Astrocaryum aculeatum">Tucuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ucuhuba_seed_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Ucuhuba seed oil">Ucuuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vateria_indica_oil" title="Vateria indica oil"><i>Vateria indica</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Resin" title="Resin">Resins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzoin_(resin)" title="Benzoin (resin)">Benzoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_tar" class="mw-redirect" title="Birch tar">Birch tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camphor" title="Camphor">Camphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creosote#Wood-tar_creosote" title="Creosote">Creosote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankincense" title="Frankincense">Frankincense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamboge" title="Gamboge">Gamboge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kauri_gum" title="Kauri gum">Kauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacquer" title="Lacquer">Lacquer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)" title="Mastic (plant resin)">Mastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrh" title="Myrrh">Myrrh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_tar" title="Pine tar">Pine tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(resin)" title="Pitch (resin)">Pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosin" title="Rosin">Rosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpentine" title="Turpentine">Turpentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varnish" title="Varnish">Varnish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">Sap</a> / <a href="/wiki/Natural_gum" title="Natural gum">gum</a> / etc.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birch_syrup" title="Birch syrup">Birch syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicle" title="Chicle">Chicle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chewing_gum" title="Chewing gum">chewing gum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_sugar" title="Coconut sugar">Coconut sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_sugar" title="Date sugar">Date sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_syrup" title="Fruit syrup">Fruit syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gum_arabic" title="Gum arabic">Gum arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutta-percha" title="Gutta-percha">Gutta-percha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kino_(botany)" title="Kino (botany)">Kino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latex" title="Latex">Latex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_sugar" title="Maple sugar">Maple sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup" title="Maple syrup">Maple syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_sugar" title="Palm sugar">Palm sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">Palm wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akpeteshie" title="Akpeteshie">akpeteshie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogogoro" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogogoro">ogogoro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rubber" title="Natural rubber">Rubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spruce_gum" title="Spruce gum">Spruce gum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadou" title="Amadou">Amadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">Bamboo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_shoot" title="Bamboo shoot">edible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_musical_instruments" title="Bamboo musical instruments">musical instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_textile" title="Bamboo textile">textiles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_bark" title="Birch bark">Birch bark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_beer" title="Birch beer">Birch beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork_(material)" title="Cork (material)">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">Ferns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forage" title="Forage">Forage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncaria" title="Uncaria">Gambier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss#Commercial" title="Moss">Moss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_dye" title="Natural dye">Natural dyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henna" title="Henna">henna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">Peat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinine" title="Quinine">Quinine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattan" title="Rattan">Rattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shellac" title="Shellac">Shellac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanbark" title="Tanbark">Tanbark</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tannin" title="Tannin">tannin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diospyros_melanoxylon" title="Diospyros melanoxylon">Tendu leaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatching" title="Thatching">Thatching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_ivory" title="Vegetable ivory">Vegetable ivory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow#Medicinal" title="Willow">Willow bark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dehesa" title="Dehesa"><i>Dehesa</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Iberian agroforestry)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest farming">Forest farming</a> / <a href="/wiki/Forest_gardening" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest gardening">gardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_hunting" title="Honey hunting">Honey hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_produce_(India)" title="Forest produce (India)">Indian forest produce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushroom_hunting" title="Mushroom hunting">Mushroom hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_stores" title="Naval stores">Naval stores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resin_extraction" title="Resin extraction">Resin extraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_tapping" title="Rubber tapping">Rubber tapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildcrafting" title="Wildcrafting">Wildcrafting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Non-timber_forest_products" title="Category:Non-timber forest products">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Non-timber_forest_products" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Non-timber forest products">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Plant-based_diets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Plant-based_diets" title="Template:Plant-based diets"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Plant-based_diets" title="Template talk:Plant-based diets"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Plant-based_diets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Plant-based diets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Plant-based_diets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_diet" title="Plant-based diet">Plant-based diets</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climatarian_diet" title="Climatarian diet">Climatarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexitarianism" title="Flexitarianism">Flexitarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacto_vegetarianism" title="Lacto vegetarianism">Lacto vegetarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacto-ovo_vegetarianism" title="Lacto-ovo vegetarianism">Lacto-ovo vegetarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_diet" title="Low-carbon diet">Low-carbon diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_diet" title="Mediterranean diet">Mediterranean diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovo_vegetarianism" title="Ovo vegetarianism">Ovo vegetarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescetarianism" title="Pescetarianism">Pescetarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_health_diet" title="Planetary health diet">Planetary health diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollotarianism" title="Pollotarianism">Pollotarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portfolio_diet" title="Portfolio diet">Portfolio diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattvic_diet" title="Sattvic diet">Sattvic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_diet" title="Sustainable diet">Sustainable diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Vegan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fruitarianism" title="Fruitarianism">Fruitarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_veganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Raw veganism">Raw vegan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics, dietitians,<br />and physicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neal_D._Barnard" title="Neal D. Barnard">Neal D. Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Bulsiewicz" title="Will Bulsiewicz">Will Bulsiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Colin_Campbell" title="T. Colin Campbell">T. Colin Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Davis" title="Brenda Davis">Brenda Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garth_Davis_(surgeon)" title="Garth Davis (surgeon)">Garth Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Desmond" title="Alan Desmond">Alan Desmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Diehl" title="Hans Diehl">Hans Diehl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gidon_Eshel" title="Gidon Eshel">Gidon Eshel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell_Esselstyn" title="Caldwell Esselstyn">Caldwell Esselstyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_E._Fraser" title="Gary E. Fraser">Gary E. Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Fuhrman" title="Joel Fuhrman">Joel Fuhrman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristi_Funk" title="Kristi Funk">Kristi Funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_D._Gardner" title="Christopher D. Gardner">Christopher D. Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Gerson" title="Max Gerson">Max Gerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Greger" title="Michael Greger">Michael Greger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julieanna_Hever" title="Julieanna Hever">Julieanna Hever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Hill_(nutritionist)" title="Simon Hill (nutritionist)">Simon Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shireen_Kassam" title="Shireen Kassam">Shireen Kassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_F._Jacobson" title="Michael F. Jacobson">Michael F. Jacobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Jenkins" title="David J. Jenkins">David J. Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Kahn" title="Joel Kahn">Joel Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_L._Katz" title="David L. Katz">David L. Katz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Klaper" title="Michael Klaper">Michael Klaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_M._Levin" title="Susan M. Levin">Susan M. Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valter_Longo" title="Valter Longo">Valter Longo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaniappan_Manickam" title="Palaniappan Manickam">Palaniappan Manickam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._McDougall" title="John A. McDougall">John A. McDougall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracye_McQuirter" title="Tracye McQuirter">Tracye McQuirter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemma_Newman" title="Gemma Newman">Gemma Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Norris_(activist)" title="Jack Norris (activist)">Jack Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Ornish" title="Dean Ornish">Dean Ornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Plant" title="Jane Plant">Jane Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Pritikin" title="Nathan Pritikin">Nathan Pritikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megan_Rossi" title="Megan Rossi">Megan Rossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Shintani" title="Terry Shintani">Terry Shintani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheil_Shukla" title="Sheil Shukla">Sheil Shukla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Spector" title="Tim Spector">Tim Spector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Syn" title="Mia Syn">Mia Syn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Wareham" title="Ellsworth Wareham">Ellsworth Wareham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advocates and<br />cookbook authors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Adams" title="Eric Adams">Eric Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Anderson" title="Pamela Anderson">Pamela Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nava_Atlas" title="Nava Atlas">Nava Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Bass" title="Clarence Bass">Clarence Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Bittman" title="Mark Bittman">Mark Bittman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_Jackson_Blatner" title="Dawn Jackson Blatner">Dawn Jackson Blatner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carleigh_Bodrug" title="Carleigh Bodrug">Carleigh Bodrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Bowman" title="Alfredo Bowman">Alfredo Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Brazier" title="Brendan Brazier">Brendan Brazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Buettner" title="Dan Buettner">Dan Buettner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzy_Amis_Cameron" title="Suzy Amis Cameron">Suzy Amis Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Che" title="Hannah Che">Hannah Che</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Cross_(filmmaker)" title="Joe Cross (filmmaker)">Joe Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosanna_Davison" title="Rosanna Davison">Rosanna Davison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr." title="Robert Downey Jr.">Robert Downey Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marta_Dymek" title="Marta Dymek">Marta Dymek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rip_Esselstyn" title="Rip Esselstyn">Rip Esselstyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Freston" title="Kathy Freston">Kathy Freston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Kenney" title="Matthew Kenney">Matthew Kenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richa_Hingle" title="Richa Hingle">Richa Hingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Humm" title="Daniel Humm">Daniel Humm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_La_Manna" title="Max La Manna">Max La Manna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McCartney" title="Mary McCartney">Mary McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Mills" title="Ella Mills">Ella Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetty_Lui_McKinnon" title="Hetty Lui McKinnon">Hetty Lui McKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Lee_Molinaro" title="Joanne Lee Molinaro">Joanne Lee Molinaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_Morgan" title="Charity Morgan">Charity Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_H._Murdock" title="David H. Murdock">David H. Murdock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Okamoto" title="Toni Okamoto">Toni Okamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darin_Olien" title="Darin Olien">Darin Olien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Pilot" title="Steve Pilot">Steve Pilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Robbins" title="Ocean Robbins">Ocean Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Sarno" title="Derek Sarno">Derek Sarno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Seinfeld" title="Jessica Seinfeld">Jessica Seinfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Stone" title="Gene Stone">Gene Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Sunderani" title="Hannah Sunderani">Hannah Sunderani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Szekely" title="Deborah Szekely">Deborah Szekely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeeca_Uy" title="Jeeca Uy">Jeeca Uy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisha_Vora" title="Nisha Vora">Nisha Vora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Yonan" title="Joe Yonan">Joe Yonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_O._Young" title="Robert O. Young">Robert O. Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Forks_Over_Knives" title="Forks Over Knives">Forks Over Knives</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PlantPure_Nation" title="PlantPure Nation">PlantPure Nation</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_the_Health" title="What the Health">What the Health</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Game_Changers" title="The Game Changers">The Game Changers</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books,<br />studies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventist_Health_Studies" title="Adventist Health Studies">Adventist Health Studies</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_China_Study" title="The China Study">The China Study</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_Not_to_Die:_Discover_the_Foods_Scientifically_Proven_to_Prevent_and_Reverse_Disease" title="How Not to Die: Discover the Foods Scientifically Proven to Prevent and Reverse Disease">How Not to Die: Discover the Foods Scientifically Proven to Prevent and Reverse Disease</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Longevity_Diet" title="The Longevity Diet">The Longevity Diet</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant-Based_Health_Professionals_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant-Based Health Professionals UK">Plant-Based Health Professionals UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physicians_Committee_for_Responsible_Medicine" title="Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine">Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pritikin_Longevity_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Pritikin Longevity Center">Pritikin Longevity Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fermented_foods" title="List of fermented foods">Fermented foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gut_microbiota" title="Gut microbiota">Gut microbiota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_microbiome" title="Human microbiome">Gut microbiome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_action_plan" title="Plant-based action plan">Plant-based action plan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nutrition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_nutrition" title="Vegan nutrition">Vegan nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_nutrition" title="Vegetarian nutrition">Vegetarian nutrition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">Beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_fruits" title="List of culinary fruits">Fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="List of culinary herbs and spices">Herbs and spices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">Legumes/Pulses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_nuts" title="List of culinary nuts">Nuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_edible_seeds" title="List of edible seeds">Seeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempeh" title="Tempeh">Tempeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">Tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetables" title="List of vegetables">Vegetables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_grain" title="Whole grain">Whole grains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drink</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">Cacao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_milk" title="Plant milk">Plant milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">Tea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_and_plant-based_media" title="List of vegan and plant-based media">List of vegan and plant-based media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Plant-based_diets" title="Category:Plant-based diets">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output 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.sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Nut (fruit)</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nut" class="extiw" title="wikt:nut">Definitions</a></b> from Wiktionary</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nuts" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Nuts">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" class="extiw" title="q:Nut (fruit)">Quotations</a></b> from Wikiquote</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" 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