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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline_of_the_lifespans_of_Domnitors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Timeline of the lifespans of Domnitors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline_of_the_lifespans_of_Domnitors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" 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– Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Domnitor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domnitor" title="Domnitor – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Domnitor" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domnitor" title="Domnitor – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Domnitor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domnitor" title="Domnitor – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Domnitor" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8" title="דומניטור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דומניטור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domnitorius" title="Domnitorius – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Domnitorius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domnitor" title="Domnitor – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Domnitor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domnitor" title="Domnitor – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Domnitor" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domnitor" title="Domnitor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Domnitor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domnitor" title="Domnitor – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Domnitor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Домнітор – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Домнітор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%A6%AA%E7%8E%8B" title="羅馬尼亞親王 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="羅馬尼亞親王" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2713794#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><i>Principe Domnitor</i> of <span class="country-name">the<br />United Principalities</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Principality_of_Romania_-_1872_CoA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Principality_of_Romania_-_1872_CoA.svg/120px-Principality_of_Romania_-_1872_CoA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Principality_of_Romania_-_1872_CoA.svg/180px-Principality_of_Romania_-_1872_CoA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Principality_of_Romania_-_1872_CoA.svg/240px-Principality_of_Romania_-_1872_CoA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="849" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><b><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania" title="Coat of arms of Romania">Princely Coat of arms</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carolu_Iiu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Carolu_Iiu.jpg/200px-Carolu_Iiu.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Carolu_Iiu.jpg/300px-Carolu_Iiu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Carolu_Iiu.jpg/400px-Carolu_Iiu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="592" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><b>Carol I</b></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Style</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highness" title="Royal Highness">His Royal Highness</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza">Alexander I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">5 February 1862</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abolition</th><td class="infobox-data">15 March 1881</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data">Hereditary</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Domnitor</b></i>, in full <i><b>Principe Domnitor</b></i> (Romanian <a href="/wiki/Plural" title="Plural">pl.</a> <i><b>Principi Domnitori</b></i>) was the official title of the ruler of <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> between 1862 and 1881. It was usually translated as "<a href="/wiki/Prince_regnant" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince regnant">prince regnant</a>" in English and most other languages, and less often as "<a href="/wiki/Grand_duke" title="Grand duke">grand duke</a>". "Domnitor" is an adjective derived from the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a> word "<i>domn</i>" (<i><a href="/wiki/Lord" title="Lord">lord</a></i> or <i>ruler</i>) and, in turn, from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> "<a href="/wiki/Dominus_(title)" title="Dominus (title)">Dominus</a>". The title <b>Domn</b> had been in use since the Middle Ages and it is also the Romanian equivalent to the Slavic <a href="/wiki/Hospodar" title="Hospodar">Hospodar</a>. Moldavian and Wallachian rulers had used this term for their title of authority as the head of state, while "<a href="/wiki/Voivode" title="Voivode">voievod</a>" represented the military rank as the head of the army. </p><p>The title acquired an officially recognized meaning after <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a> <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia">united</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/United_Principalities" class="mw-redirect" title="United Principalities">Romanian United Principalities</a> under <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza">Alexander John I</a>, who had become the ruler of both states since 1859. Alexander John abdicated in 1866 and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol I</a>, who promulgated the first constitution who officially used the name <a href="/wiki/Name_of_Romania" title="Name of Romania">Romania</a> for the country. He held the title until 1881. When Romania was <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">proclaimed a kingdom</a> in March 1881, Carol became its first king.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Domnitori_of_the_United_Principalities_(1862–1881)"><span id="Domnitori_of_the_United_Principalities_.281862.E2.80.931881.29"></span><i>Domnitori</i> of the United Principalities (1862–1881)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domnitor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Domnitori of the United Principalities (1862–1881)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="succession-table-monarch wikitable" style="text-align:center"><tbody><tr><th>Name</th><th>Lifespan</th><th>Reign start</th><th>Reign end</th><th>Notes</th><th>Family</th><th>Image</th></tr><tr><td><b><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza">Alexandru Ioan Cuza</a></b></td><td><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1820-03-20</span>)</span>20 March 1820–15 May 1873<span style="display:none">(1873-05-15)</span> (aged 53)</td><td>5 February 1862</td><td>22 February 1866</td><td>—</td><td>Cuza</td><td><span class="photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_I_Cuza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Alexander I of Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Al_I_Cuza.jpg/80px-Al_I_Cuza.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Al_I_Cuza.jpg/120px-Al_I_Cuza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Al_I_Cuza.jpg/160px-Al_I_Cuza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1301" data-file-height="1787" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td><b><a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol I</a></b></td><td><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1839-04-20</span>)</span>20 April 1839–10 October 1914<span style="display:none">(1914-10-10)</span> (aged 75)</td><td>20 April 1866</td><td>15 March 1881</td><td>Became <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romanians" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Romanians">King of the Romanians</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen#Romanian_branch" title="Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen">Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen</a></td><td><span class="photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carol_I_of_Romania_king.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Carol I of Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Carol_I_of_Romania_king.jpg/80px-Carol_I_of_Romania_king.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Carol_I_of_Romania_king.jpg/120px-Carol_I_of_Romania_king.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Carol_I_of_Romania_king.jpg/160px-Carol_I_of_Romania_king.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="989" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline_of_the_lifespans_of_Domnitors">Timeline of the lifespans of Domnitors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domnitor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Timeline of the lifespans of Domnitors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> This is a <a href="/wiki/Bar_chart" title="Bar chart">graphical</a> lifespan timeline of Domnitors of Romania. The domnitors are listed in order of office.</p><div style="overflow:auto"><div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_n12um6ofdy86dqrhl3p8soc7517giz3"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" coords="436,170,521,194" title="Carol I of Romania" alt="Carol I of Romania" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Nicolae_Haralambie" coords="355,144,513,168" title="Nicolae Haralambie" alt="Nicolae Haralambie" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Nicolae_Golescu" coords="354,118,492,142" title="Nicolae Golescu" alt="Nicolae Golescu" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" coords="354,92,499,116" title="Lascăr Catargiu" alt="Lascăr Catargiu" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza" coords="273,66,418,90" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza" alt="Alexandru Ioan Cuza" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_n12um6ofdy86dqrhl3p8soc7517giz3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/n12um6ofdy86dqrhl3p8soc7517giz3.png" /></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domnitor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Romania" title="King of Romania">King of the Romanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Moldavia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Moldavia">List of rulers of Moldavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Wallachia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Wallachia">List of rulers of Wallachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Romania" title="List of heads of state of Romania">List of heads of state of Romania</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domnitor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKremnitzSidney_Whitman1899" class="citation book cs1">Kremnitz, Mite; Sidney Whitman, Sidney (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/reminiscencesofk00kremiala"><i>Reminiscences of the King of Roumania</i></a>. Harper& Brothers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reminiscences+of+the+King+of+Roumania&rft.pub=Harper%26+Brothers&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Kremnitz&rft.aufirst=Mite&rft.au=Sidney+Whitman%2C+Sidney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Freminiscencesofk00kremiala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADomnitor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia">United Principalities of Romania</a><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Domnitor</i> of Romania</a> (1862–1881)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">1862–1866</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza">Alexandru Ioan Cuza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princely_Lieutenancy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princely Lieutenancy (page does not exist)">Princely Lieutenancy</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locotenen%C8%9Ba_Domneasc%C4%83_(1866)" class="extiw" title="ro:Locotenența Domnească (1866)">ro</a>]</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">Lascăr Catargiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Golescu" title="Nicolae Golescu">Nicolae Golescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Haralambie" title="Nicolae Haralambie">Nicolae Haralambie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">1866–1881</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a><br /><a href="/wiki/King_of_Romania" title="King of Romania">King of Romania</a> (1881–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">1881–1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">1914–1927</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Romania" title="Ferdinand I of Romania">Ferdinand I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">1927–1930</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_I_of_Romania" title="Michael I of Romania">Michael I</a> <ul><li>under regents <a href="/wiki/Prince_Nicholas_of_Romania" title="Prince Nicholas of Romania">Prince Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Miron_of_Romania" title="Patriarch Miron of Romania">Miron Cristea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Buzdugan" title="Gheorghe Buzdugan">Gheorghe Buzdugan</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantin_S%C4%83r%C4%83%C5%A3eanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantin Sărăţeanu (page does not exist)">Constantin Sărăţeanu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_S%C4%83r%C4%83%C5%A3eanu" class="extiw" title="ro:Constantin Sărăţeanu">ro</a>]</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">1930–1940</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_II_of_Romania" title="Carol II of Romania">Carol II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">1940–1947</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_I_of_Romania" title="Michael I of Romania">Michael I</a> <ul><li>with <a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Ion Antonescu</a> as <i><a href="/wiki/Conduc%C4%83tor" title="Conducător">Conducător</a></i> between 1940 and 1944</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_People%27s_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian People's Republic">Romanian People's Republic</a> (1947–65)<br /><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Socialist Republic of Romania</a><br />(1965–89)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium_of_the_Republic_(Romania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidium of the Republic (Romania) (page does not exist)">Provisional Presidium of the Republic</a> (1947–1948)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Ion_Parhon" title="Constantin Ion Parhon">Constantin Ion Parhon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Niculi" title="Ion Niculi">Ion Niculi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Sadoveanu" title="Mihail Sadoveanu">Mihail Sadoveanu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe_Stere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gheorghe Stere (page does not exist)">Gheorghe Stere</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gheorghe_Stere" class="extiw" title="ro:Gheorghe Stere">ro</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Voitec" title="Ștefan Voitec">Ștefan Voitec</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Great_National_Assembly_(Socialist_Republic_of_Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Great National Assembly (Socialist Republic of Romania)">Presidium of the Great National Assembly</a> (1948–1961)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Ion_Parhon" title="Constantin Ion Parhon">Constantin Ion Parhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petru_Groza" title="Petru Groza">Petru Groza</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Sadoveanu" title="Mihail Sadoveanu">Mihail Sadoveanu</a> & <a href="/wiki/Anton_Moisescu" title="Anton Moisescu">Anton Moisescu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Gheorghe_Maurer" title="Ion Gheorghe Maurer">Ion Gheorghe Maurer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_Romania" title="State Council of Romania">State Council</a> (1961–1974)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Gheorghiu-Dej" title="Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej">Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chivu_Stoica" title="Chivu Stoica">Chivu Stoica</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ion_Gheorghe_Maurer" title="Ion Gheorghe Maurer">Ion Gheorghe Maurer</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Voitec" title="Ștefan Voitec">Ștefan Voitec</a> & <a href="/wiki/Avram_Bunaciu" title="Avram Bunaciu">Avram Bunaciu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">President of SR Romania</a> (1974–1989)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania_(1989%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Romania (1989–present)">Post–1989 Romania</a><br /><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">President of Romania</a> (1989–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Iliescu" title="Ion Iliescu">Ion Iliescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Constantinescu" title="Emil Constantinescu">Emil Constantinescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Iliescu" title="Ion Iliescu">Ion Iliescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traian_B%C4%83sescu" title="Traian Băsescu">Traian Băsescu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu">Nicolae Văcăroiu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traian_B%C4%83sescu" title="Traian Băsescu">Traian Băsescu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crin_Antonescu" title="Crin Antonescu">Crin Antonescu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traian_B%C4%83sescu" title="Traian Băsescu">Traian Băsescu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Klaus Iohannis</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate interim officeholders. <b>Bold</b> indicates incumbent/current officeholder.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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