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<input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%89_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%88" title="نيكولاى فاكارويو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيكولاى فاكارويو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%92%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8E" title="Нікалае Вэкэрою – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нікалае Вэкэрою" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nicolae Văcăroiu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nicolae Văcăroiu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nicolae Văcăroiu" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nicolae Văcăroiu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nicolae Văcăroiu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B5_%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Νικολάε Βακαρόιου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νικολάε Βακαρόιου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nicolae Văcăroiu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88" title="نیکلائه واکارویو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیکلائه واکارویو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nicolae Văcăroiu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%97%90_%EB%B2%84%EC%BB%A4%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%B4%EC%9A%B0" title="니콜라에 버커로이우 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="니콜라에 버커로이우" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nicolae Văcăroiu" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nicolae Văcăroiu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95" title="ניקולאיה וקרויו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניקולאיה וקרויו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%94_%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3" title="ნიკოლაე ვეკეროუ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიკოლაე ვეკეროუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolaus Văcăroiu – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nicolaus Văcăroiu" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%89_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%88" title="نيكولاى فاكارويو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيكولاى فاكارويو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88" title="نیکلای ویگراویو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نیکلای ویگراویو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nicolae Văcăroiu" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A6" title="ニコラエ・ヴァカロイウ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニコラエ・ヴァカロイウ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nicolae Văcăroiu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nicolae Văcăroiu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nicolae Văcăroiu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nicolae Văcăroiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8E,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5" title="Вэкэрою, Николае – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вэкэрою, Николае" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nicolae Văcăroiu" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nicolae Văcăroiu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nicolae Văcăroiu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nicolae Văcăroiu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%92%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8E" title="Николае Вэкэрою – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Николае Вэкэрою" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nicolae Văcăroiu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%94_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8E" title="Ніколає Векерою – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ніколає Векерою" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%A4" title="尼古拉·沃克罗尤 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="尼古拉·沃克罗尤" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%A4" title="尼古拉·沃克罗尤 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尼古拉·沃克罗尤" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Romanian politician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output 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<i><small>(January 2022)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu&sl=ro&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the Romanian article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. 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background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Acting <a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">President of Romania</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_term"><a href="#endnote_term">[a]</a></sup></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 April 2007 – 23 May 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83lin_Popescu-T%C4%83riceanu" title="Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu">Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Traian_B%C4%83sescu" title="Traian Băsescu">Traian Băsescu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Traian_B%C4%83sescu" title="Traian Băsescu">Traian Băsescu</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 November 1992 – 12 December 1996</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ion_Iliescu" title="Ion Iliescu">Ion Iliescu</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Emil_Constantinescu" title="Emil Constantinescu">Emil Constantinescu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Stolojan" title="Theodor Stolojan">Theodor Stolojan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ciorbea" title="Victor Ciorbea">Victor Ciorbea</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_Romania" title="President of the Senate of Romania">President of the Senate of Romania</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 December 2000 – 14 October 2008</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mircea_Ionescu-Quintus" title="Mircea Ionescu-Quintus">Mircea Ionescu-Quintus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doru_Ioan_T%C4%83r%C4%83cil%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doru Ioan Tărăcilă (page does not exist)">Doru Ioan Tărăcilă</a> <small>(Acting)</small></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">President of the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Audit_(Romania)" title="Court of Audit (Romania)">Romanian Court of Auditors</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />14 October 2008 – 14 October 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_Drosu_%C8%98aguna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Drosu Șaguna (page does not exist)">Dan Drosu Șaguna</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Drosu_%C8%98aguna" class="extiw" title="ro:Dan Drosu Șaguna">ro</a>]</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mihai_Busuioc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mihai Busuioc (page does not exist)">Mihai Busuioc</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Romania" title="Senate of Romania">Senate of Romania</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />22 November 1996 – 20 October 2008</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arge%C8%99_County" title="Argeș County">Argeș County</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1943-12-05</span>) </span>5 December 1943<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 80)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi" title="Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi">Cetatea Albă</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a><br /><small>(now Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi, <a href="/wiki/Odesa_Oblast" title="Odesa Oblast">Odesa Oblast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Communist_Party" title="Romanian Communist Party">Romanian Communist Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(before 1989)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_(Romania)" title="National Salvation Front (Romania)">National Salvation Front</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1989–1992)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Salvation_Front" title="Democratic National Salvation Front">Democratic National Salvation Front</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1992–1993)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Party of Social Democracy in Romania</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1993–2001)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Social Democratic Party</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2001–present)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Economist" title="Economist">Economist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Nicolae_Vacaroiu.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Signature_of_Nicolae_Vacaroiu.png/128px-Signature_of_Nicolae_Vacaroiu.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Signature_of_Nicolae_Vacaroiu.png 1.5x" data-file-width="183" data-file-height="70" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">a. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_term"><b><a href="#ref_term">^</a></b></span> During the first <a href="/wiki/2007_Romanian_presidential_impeachment_referendum" title="2007 Romanian presidential impeachment referendum">impeachment trial</a> of former President <a href="/wiki/Traian_B%C4%83sescu" title="Traian Băsescu">Traian Băsescu</a> in 2007.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nicolae Văcăroiu</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Romanian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ro-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">[nikoˈla.e<span class="wrap"> </span>vəkəˈroju]</a></span>; born 5 December 1943) is a <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romanian</a> politician, member of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Social Democratic Party</a> (PSD), who served as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister</a> between 1992 and 1996. Before the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution">1989 Revolution</a>, he worked at the Committee for State Planning, together with <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Stolojan" title="Theodor Stolojan">Theodor Stolojan</a>. He was the President of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Romania" title="Senate of Romania">Senate of Romania</a> for almost eight years, during two legislatures (2000–2004 and 2004–2008). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_activity">Political activity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Political activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On November 20, 1992, he was appointed to the role of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His prime ministerial mandate began with some limited <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Romania" title="Economy of Romania">economic reforms</a> in the areas of fiscal, budgetary, monetary, and industrial prices, which made possible the resumption of Romania's economic growth starting in 1993. Between 1993 and 1996, the <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> grew by 17.5%, after a contraction of 24.5% in 1990-1992 immediately after the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution">fall of the communist regime</a>. After a drop in industrial production of 49% between 1990 and 1992, there was an increase of 22% in the 1993-1996 period. However, this growth was not sustainable, with many enterprises remaining under the weak management of the state, and produced much in stock just to report rising production figures. At the same time, foreign investment was almost non-existent, as the government opposed any significant <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatization</a> in industry, although at that time many enterprises could still be sold at reasonable prices. These delays caused Romania to enter into recession at the end of Văcăroiu's tenure as well as Bulgaria. Instead, Văcăroiu opted for an inefficient privatization method: the distribution of some enterprises to the general population, with the option of subscribing to some state-owned companies, but without providing any real and relevant information on the economic situation of those enterprises. At the end of his term, the situation of most state-owned enterprises was disastrous, even in <a href="/wiki/Bancorex" title="Bancorex">Bancorex</a> (a foreign trade bank with a prospect of success), which made Romania close to unable to pay its debts. </p><p>Internationally, as regards the prospect of <a href="/wiki/2007_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2007 enlargement of the European Union">accession</a> to the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, on 1 February 1993 the European Association Agreement with the European Community, which entered into force on 1 February 1995, was signed, and in June 1995 it obtained the agreement of all the forces policy on the objective of the country's accession to the European Union. Also, the first request for <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> membership was made. As far as relations with neighbors are concerned, the settlement of bilateral treaties has been delayed. As <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> was under international embargo because of its actions in <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia</a>, relations with it were frozen. <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> accused Romania of irredentism, among other things because the coalition that supported <a href="/wiki/V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu_Cabinet" title="Văcăroiu Cabinet">Văcăroiu's cabinet</a> included nationalist and conservative-communist forces (the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_National_Unity_Party" title="Romanian National Unity Party">Romanian National Unity Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania_Party" title="Greater Romania Party">Greater Romania Party</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Labour" title="Socialist Party of Labour">Socialist Party of Labour</a>) and because it insisted that the bilateral treaties referring to the 1939 <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a>, which had <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">led to territorial losses</a> for Romania to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, from which Ukraine and Moldova had inherited their borders (those tensions diminished after Văcăroiu's and <a href="/wiki/Oliviu_Gherman" title="Oliviu Gherman">Oliviu Gherman</a>'s visits to <a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> in the first half of 1995). <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, for its part, negotiated a basic treaty, but Romania refused to accept the inclusion in this treaty of a commitment to comply with <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>'s Recommendation 1201 on Minorities. The Treaty with Hungary was signed in September 1996, and in May 1996 the treaty with Yugoslavia could be signed after the <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">Dayton Agreement</a> and the lifting of the <a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against Yugoslavia">embargo on that country</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-weight: normal; background-color: #DEDEDE;"><span style="font-size:80%">Presidential styles of</span><br /><b><span class="fn">Nicolae Văcăroiu</span></b></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg/330px-Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg/440px-Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="970" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">Reference style</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Președintele (President)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spoken style</th><td class="infobox-data">Președintele (President)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative style</th><td class="infobox-data">Domnia Sa/Excelența Sa (His Excellency)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Following the suspension of <a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Traian_B%C4%83sescu" title="Traian Băsescu">Traian Băsescu</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Parliament of Romania</a> on 19 April 2007, Nicolae Văcăroiu became the interim president of Romania after the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Romania" title="Constitutional Court of Romania">Constitutional Court of Romania</a> acknowledged the vote of the Parliament, until the <a href="/wiki/2007_Romanian_presidential_impeachment_referendum" title="2007 Romanian presidential impeachment referendum">impeachment referendum</a> results were announced on 23 May 2007. During his interim presidency, Văcăroiu, according to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Romania" title="Constitution of Romania">Constitution of Romania</a> had all the prerogatives of a president, minus three of them: he could not dissolve the Parliament, he could not address the Parliament, nor organize a public referendum. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolae_Vacaroiu_Ion_iliescu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Nicolae_Vacaroiu_Ion_iliescu.jpg/220px-Nicolae_Vacaroiu_Ion_iliescu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Nicolae_Vacaroiu_Ion_iliescu.jpg/330px-Nicolae_Vacaroiu_Ion_iliescu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Nicolae_Vacaroiu_Ion_iliescu.jpg/440px-Nicolae_Vacaroiu_Ion_iliescu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1568" data-file-height="1044" /></a><figcaption>Nicolae Văcăroiu (left) with Ion Iliescu</figcaption></figure> <p>On 14 October 2008, he was voted by the Parliament as President of the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Audit_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Audit of Romania">Court of Audit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Professional_activity">Professional activity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Professional activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may <b>require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a></b> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. The specific problem is: <b>Wikipedia is not a soapbox or means of promotion, unsourced material, formatting.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Special:EditPage/Nicolae Văcăroiu">improve this section</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Prose plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Prose" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>is in <a href="/wiki/MOS:LIST" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LIST">list</a> format but may read better as <a href="/wiki/MOS:PROSE" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:PROSE">prose</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu&action=edit">converting this article</a>, if appropriate. <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing help</a> is available.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Văcăroiu obtained a bachelor's degree in economic studies from the <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Academy_of_Economic_Studies" title="Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies">Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies</a>, Faculty of Credit and Finance (1964–1969). </p> <ul><li>In 1969, after graduation, he was employed as a trainee economist at the State Planning Committee (C.P.S.), where he underwent all hierarchical stages from the position of economist to the director of the Finance Department. Coordinated financial, monetary and price activities, conducted tracking, control and reporting, analyzed and prepared annual proposals on performance indicators for state-owned productive enterprises, and participated on the drafting of the quarterly credit plans and cashflow charts, as well as drafting of normative acts in the respective fields.</li> <li>Deputy Minister within the National Ministry of Economy (established through C.S.P.’s reorganization). In 1990, he participated in the implementation of normative acts adopted by the Provisional Council of the National Union. He was part of the team, which, under the coordination of academician Tudorel Postolache, elaborated the "Romanian Reform Strategy" to ensure the transition to democracy and the market economy.</li> <li>State Secretary within the Ministry of Finance. Văcăroiu served as Head of the Prices Department position from which he coordinated the process of elaborating the strategy of gradual liberalization of prices in the Romanian economy. He participated in drafting laws on price liberalization. Subsequently, he was appointed Head of the Tax and Tax Department, coordinating the tax reform process in order to harmonize with European Union legislation, preparing the introduction of VAT instead of the tax on the movement of goods. Also in this position started preparations for the introduction of the global tax for individuals. In 1992 he was Chairman of the Interministerial Committee of Guarantees and Foreign Trade Credits.</li> <li>Prime Minister within the Romanian Government. In November 1992, Văcăroiu was appointed <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a>, without being a member of any political party, at the proposal of the Party of Social Democracy of Romania (P.D.S.R.), a public office he exercised until December 1996. The main objectives of the Governance Program were: economic recovery and rebuilding the macroeconomic stability, undertaking the necessary reforms in all areas of activity in order to ensure their competitiveness and efficiency, ensuring stability and social balance, preparing for accession into European and Euro-Atlantic structures.<br /><i><b>A. Internally</b></i>, during the period 1993–1996, as a result of the economic reforms in the field of prices, fiscal-budget, monetary and industrial, it was possible to resume Romania's economic growth as follows: <ul><li>Romania's <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">Gross domestic product</a> (GDP) had increased by 17.4%, recovering by 71% of the economic decline from 1990 to 1992, when the GDP had decreased in real terms by 24.5%;</li> <li>The industrial production has increased (since 1993) by 21.7%, recovering 40.2% of the decline registered at the end of 1992 (54%). The entire production increase was due to the increase in labor productivity by 52.8%. Industrial production has been marketed through: <ol><li>increase in exports from $3.4 billion in 1992 to $4.2 billion in 1993 and $6.5 billion in 1996;</li> <li>increasing the investment rate from 19.2% of GDP in 1992 to 23.0% of GDP in 1996;</li> <li>increase in the population's consumption through measures undertaken to restore purchasing power.</li></ol></li> <li>The average general government deficit in the period 1993-1996 was -2.2% of GDP compared to the one in 1992 of -4.6% of GDP;</li> <li>In order to significantly mitigate the inflation while accelerating the reforms, a mix of measures related to financial, monetary and price policies were required, as it follows: <ul><li>the shock liberalization of prices whilst eliminating subsidies for products and services for the population since the 1st of May 1993;</li> <li>the scope of the products and services whose prices were under supervision decreased from 112 positions to just 24 positions;</li> <li>the number of imported products for the household consumption (bread, pork and poultry, dairy products, etc.);</li> <li>some public services (urban passenger transport, rail transport, postal and communications services, etc.);</li> <li>natural and organizational monopolies (electricity and heat, natural gas);</li> <li>some subsidized products (human medicines, minerals);</li> <li>the shock liberalization of prices led to an increase in inflation from 195.5% in 1992 to 295.5% in 1993. Effects: <ol><li>reducing the general government deficit from - 4.6% of GDP in 1992 at -0.4% of GDP in 1993;</li> <li>the current account deficit of the balance of payments decreased from 8% of GDP in 1992 to 4.5% of GDP in 1993;</li></ol></li> <li>the inflation decreased from 295.5% in 1993 to 61.7% in 1994 and 27.8% in 1995;</li> <li>the introduction since the 1-st of July 1993 of the value added tax which replaced the old tax on the movement of goods. An 18% quota was set except for: <ol><li>9% VAT on products of strict necessity in the consumption of the population (bread, milk, meat, etc.), press and publications;</li> <li>VAT rate 0 (zero) with right to deduct on the heat supplied to the population;</li></ol></li> <li>reduction of the profit tax rate from 45% to 38% and in agriculture to 25%;</li> <li>50% reduction of the tax on the profit from exports and the one used for technological modernization;</li> <li>the system of customs duties has been revised by aligning it with the one applied in the Member States of the European Union;</li> <li>gradual reduction of the production subsidies;</li> <li>the excises’ system has been modified either by increasing it or setting it up for some import products that were not strictly necessary, with favorable effects of mitigating the country's commercial and currency deficit;</li> <li>the application of measures leading to mitigation of the quasi-fiscal deficit from an average of 16.5% of the GDP over the 1990-1992 period to an average of 6.5% of the GDP over the 1993-1996 period;</li> <li>budget's decentralization and strengthening the competences of local authorities in the field of taxation;</li> <li>over the entire period, more than 8 billion lei were granted from the state budget for the establishment and development of small and medium-sized enterprises (lending credits with  bearing interest - 50% of the National Bank of Romania ‹NBR› reference interest rate);</li> <li>the establishment of the Romanian Loan Guarantee Fund for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (with the participation of the state budget). By the end of 1996 there were 526,563 commercial companies with private capital - especially small and medium-sized ones, out of which 47,294 were trading companies with foreign participation;</li></ul></li> <li>Concurrently with the application of the prices’ shock liberalization and the abolition of subsidies in 1993; salaries, pensions and social allowances were increased by 3.1 times, covering the inflation rate of 295.5%. Basically, the purchasing power of the population has been restored. Subsequently, a periodical indexation (usually on quarterly basis) of pensions, wages and social allowances with the consumer price index was applied.</li> <li>In 1993, the guarantee of payment of the gross minimum wage was introduced, obligatory for all economic agents, regardless of the form of ownership. In 1995 it was exempt from income tax.</li> <li><i><u>In the field of sectoral and privatization policies, it is worth mentioning:</u></i> <ul><li>86 Restructuring and Development Strategies were developed aiming at a 2025 horizon, out of which 55 were industry strategies;</li> <li>For the strategic areas (national security), the concerned issues related to: oil, natural gas, electricity and heat distribution, aluminum, cement, communications, actions were undertake in the sense of creating modern, performing, state-owned capital management privatization. The decision to privatize the capital will be taken after 2025. <ol><li>The Petroleum Company (PETROM) was set up in the field of oil exploration, exploitation, production and distribution activities. It consisted of 10 entities (5 large combines with an oil processing capacity of about 4 billion tons of crude oil each and 5 (five) small refineries, which usually produced oils, aiming at keeping in the state portfolio three large plants (Petromin, Arpechim, Petrobrazi) and two (two) small special oil refineries. The rest of the entities will be sold through an international tender and the funds obtained will be used by Petrom to modernize the state-owned strategic entities (ENI - Italy). By the end of 2025, it was possible to act for the full privatization of the management. Following this strategy the state budget financed more than 300 million dollars for the three large plants, modernizing the primary refining part;</li> <li>In the area of communications the state budget invested approx.600 million dollars, installing 7,000 km of optical fiber on the territory of the country. In 1996, Romtelecom's market value was 10 billion dollars. It was sold in 1997 to the Greek state with 335 million dollars (35% shares and 16% usufruct right);</li></ol></li> <li>The export of logs and scrap (despite all the pressure from IMF) was forbidden in view of processing (within the country) these raw materials in the metallurgical, furniture and other areas;</li> <li>Institutionally strengthening of the National Strategic Reserve of the State by reviewing stocks of raw materials and products: 2 (two) million tons of wheat (to avoid importing in unfavorable agricultural years at prices two or three times higher than the market price), 10 thousand tons of block aluminum, cement, building materials, food, medicines, tents, blankets, fuels, etc.;</li> <li>Legislation in the field of privatization, adopted in 1991–1992, provided for the distribution of 70% of the share capital of state-owned companies to the State Property Fund (FPS) for the purpose of privatization and 30% by free transfer to citizens who reached the age of 18 years. 15.5 million certificates were distributed to citizens which, until the transfer process ended, were under the administration of the five (5) Private Ownership Funds (PPF). The ownership certificate was not nominative and the transaction was not foreseen in the law. The process of converting ownership certificates into shares has not been achieved for years. Most of the citizens considered them worthless and began selling them on the unorganized market at symbolic prices, respectively 0.5-1% of the actual value of a certificate, which in 1995 was 1 million lei. As a result, a few „business people with initiative” bought (including through external credits) approximate 4 million property certificates. In order to eliminate this speculative phenomena, the Văcăroiu Government issued a special law whereby nominative coupons for privatization were issued instead of certificates. A coupon was worth 1 million lei, out of which 25,000 lei was the old certificate of ownership. A total of 17 million privatization coupons have been issued and distributed through the Romanian Post Office. At the same time, a list of 3,000 companies was issued and published to which citizens were obliged to opt for the company to which they submitted the coupon and received the shareholder certificate instead. Under the law, citizens could also deposit coupons with the State Property Fund. The whole process took place in 1995; <ul><li>Privatization of commercial companies from the State Property Fund  practically began in 1993. During 1993-1996 2,700 companies were privatized, out of which 750 medium and large companies. Privatization revenues amounted to a total of more than $900 million;</li> <li>At the end of 1996, the private sector participated in a percentage of 54.9% of GDP compared to 26.4% of GDP in 1992;</li> <li>In the field of privatization, the Văcăroiu Government encountered difficulties due to the measure undertaken in 1992 to pass the State Property Fund from under the Government's subordination to that of the Parliament;</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><u>In the field of monetary policy,</u></i> the NBR carried out an intensive reform program in 1993–1996 in close correlation with the Government's economic, financial and price policies. Main achievements: <ul><li>since 01.04.1994 the foreign exchange market was liberalized and the exchange rate was established based on the relationship between supply and demand;</li> <li>changing the volume and structure of the minimum reserves of commercial banks set up by the NBR in order to ensure an optimal level of liquidity in the banking system;</li> <li>improving the financing mechanism of the budget deficit and putting into operation of the State Treasury general account mechanism;</li> <li>introduction of new payment instruments (check, promissory note, bill of exchange);</li> <li>establishment of the Compensation House;</li> <li>establishment of Incident Payments Center;</li> <li>the establishment in August 1996 within the banking system of the Deposits Guarantee Fund, which ensures the payment of the savings  to the natural persons within a ceiling.</li></ul></li> <li><i><u>In the agricultural field:</u></i> <ul><li>intensification of the process to reestablish the ownership right in agriculture area, by the assignment of ownership titles;</li> <li>recommissioning approximate half of the areas to be used for irrigation (about 765 thousand ha in 1996);</li> <li>subsidizing part of the irrigation costs to the state budget;</li> <li>adjusting the price for milk, bread, pork and poultry, depending on the evolution of production costs. These four products were declared to be of national interest, benefiting from the application of minimum guaranteed purchase prices by the State;</li> <li>the introduction of incentives in the form of producer premiums, reference prices for imports, etc., to stimulate domestic agricultural producers;</li> <li>establishment of the Farm Guarantee Fund for farmers: low-interest credit lines (50% of the NBR's reference interest rate);</li> <li>restart of works at Siret-Danube channel, financed by the state budget;</li> <li>completion of irrigation systems in the Covurlui area.</li></ul></li> <li>A priority of the Văcăroiu's Government, for the entire period 1993–1996, were the investments made in upgrading industry, communications, national and local road infrastructure, etc., in health and education. Sources of funding: state budget and external loans. <ul><li>For example, the National Road Rehabilitation and Modernization Program has been developed and works over 1,000 km have been completed. The works on the Bucharest-Constanta highway were reassumed, etc. The achievements in the field of investments by sectors of activity during 1993-1996 are contained in the " White Book of the Văcăroiu’s Government", drafted and disseminated at the end of 1996.</li></ul></li> <li>On June 1, 1995 the macro-economic stability in Romania was restored. The applied reform measures have been well seen by the international bodies (IMF, World Bank) and the European Community; <ol><li>international rating agencies of the EU have rated in 1995 Romania with BB +, respectively at the level of Poland and Hungary;</li> <li>in the second half of 1995, Romania succeeded (for the first time since 1990) to access successfully the private foreign market through the NBR;</li> <li>the country's foreign currency reserves increased from $80 million in 1992 to $750 million at the end of 1996.</li></ol></li></ul></li> <li><i><b>B. Internationally</b></i>, during the period 1993–1996, the Văcăroiu Government continued and intensified contacts with the European Union, the Council of Europe and NATO, as well as bilateral relations with various countries by signing basic political treaties and trade agreements: <ul><li>February 1, 1993 – Romania signed the Free Trade Agreement with the Free Trade Association (EFTA);</li> <li>May 1, 1993 – the EU Interim Association Agreement entered into force;</li> <li>February–June 1995, the "National Strategy for Preparing Romania's EU Accession" was drafted and adopted;</li> <li>June 1995 – there was a consensus of the political forces in the country for EU membership, by signing the joint declaration by their respective presidents;</li> <li>June 22, 1995 – Romania submitted the official application for EU accession, approved by the EU Council;</li> <li>March 12, 1995 – created management mechanism for  EU accession  preparations; <ol><li>Establishment of the Inter-ministerial Council for EU Integration;</li> <li>Establishment of the Department for European Integration, subordinated to the Government.</li></ol></li> <li>December 1993 – Romania was accepted as a member of the Francophone movement;</li> <li>January 26, 1994 – Romania was the first country to sign the Framework Document for the acceptance of the Partnership for Peace;</li> <li>March 6, 1994 – At the meeting of NATO's Political and Military Steering Committee, the Romania Individual Partnership Program for 1996-1998 was adopted;</li> <li>April 2, 1994 – The Supreme Defense Council of the country adopted the Document on the Individual Dialogue on Accession between Romania and NATO;</li> <li>May 1994 – Romania becomes an associate partner of the Western European Union;</li> <li>October 4, 1994 – Romania was accepted as a full member of the Council of Europe;</li> <li>March 1995 – Romania has actively participated in the negotiation and finalization of the Stability Pact in Europe, adopted at the Paris Conference, which aims to strengthen stability on the continent by creating a zone of good neighborhood and cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe;</li> <li>June 1, 1996 – Romania became a full member of the Central European Initiative;</li> <li>September 13–14, 1996 – Prime Minister Nicolae Văcăroiu attended the high-level CEFTA (High-Level Free Trade Agreement) meeting in Jasna (Slovakia). The member countries agreed to receive Romania in CEFTA at the beginning of 1997. To this end, a declaration was signed at the end of the meeting by all prime ministers of the CEFTA's member countries;</li> <li>September 16, 1996 – Prime Minister Nicolae Văcăroiu signed the Treaty of Understanding, Cooperation and Good Neighborhood between Romania and Hungary. Prior to that, from the draft version of treaty the article providing for the granting of collective rights to the Hungarian minority (supported by Hungary on the basis of Council of Europe Recommendation 1201) was removed;</li> <li>5 March 1996 – Romania became the 25th member of the Council of Europe Social Development Fund;</li> <li>In period 1993-1996 the external credits received by Romania (from the IMF, IBRD, EBRD, G-24, PHARE) were of approximate $12 billion and used in a percentage over 95% for investment.</li></ul></li> <li>Vice President of the <a href="/wiki/Banca_Comercial%C4%83_Rom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Banca Comercială Română">Romanian Commercial Bank</a>. Between December 12, 1996 and October 1, 1998, Văcăroiu coordinated the modernization and development process of the bank.</li> <li>President of the Investment and Development Bank (October 1, 1998 – December 8, 2000).</li> <li>Senator from <a href="/wiki/Arge%C8%99_County" title="Argeș County">Argeș County</a> within the Romanian Parliament (1996-2000), and in this capacity as Chairman of the Permanent Commission for Privatization in the Senate (1996-1999) and Vice-President of the Romanian Senate (1999-2000).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_Romania" title="President of the Senate of Romania">President of the Senate of Romania</a>, Senator from Argeș County (2000-2008). During these two consecutive mandates, the following points are highlighted:<br /><i>A. Internally:</i> <ul><li>The increase of the quality and efficiency of the legislative activity as a result of the proposed measures adopted by the Permanent Bureau and approved by the Plenum of the Chamber through the Decision for amending and supplementing the Regulation on organization and functioning;</li> <li>Keeping track of compliance with the procedures set out in the Regulation;</li> <li>Regular meeting with the leaders of the parliamentary groups in order to ensure consensus on important drafted laws;</li> <li>Ensuring good collaboration with the President of Romania, the Chamber of Deputies, the Government, the Constitutional Court and the other state institutions and authorities;</li> <li>Organizing the anniversary of the 140th anniversary of the Senate's establishment (1864-2004), attended by representatives of the main institutions and state authorities, as well as delegates from the Senates of Europe. A homage volume „History of the Romanian Senate in the period 1864-2004” and a jubilee medal were issued. <i>B. External:</i></li> <li>The parliamentary activities of the Senate – during the 2001-2008  period – have experienced a continuous ascendant evolution and a diversification from the point of view of the content and modalities of the interparliamentary cooperation:</li> <li>Strengthening the parliamentary political dialogue between Romania and the European Union;</li> <li>Developing bilateral relations with the Senates from the European Union and from all over Europe. Being an active participant in the Association of Senates in Europe, established in 2001 (annual rotating meetings in the member states – in Romania, the Association's meeting took place in 2007);</li> <li>Active participation in EU interparliamentary cooperation forums and structures;</li> <li>Parliamentary support, through the participation in the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> Parliamentary Assembly and bilateral relations with the member countries, of the process of Romania's integration into NATO;</li> <li>Promoting the parliamentary dimension of international cooperation under UN auspices;</li> <li>Developing parliamentary processes associated with regional and sub-regional organizations;</li> <li>In June 2003, the President of the Senate took over the Presidency of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation. The main actions: <ul><li>participation in the Black Sea Energy Summit, held in Bucharest;</li> <li>meetings with Ambassadors of BSEC's member countries, accredited in Romania;</li> <li>participating in the working visit to the International PABSEC Secretariat in Istanbul, where he attended the Reunion of the Committee of Senior Officials and met with members of the BSEC's Business Council.</li></ul></li> <li>Between 2001 and 2008, the President of the Senate had numerous international meetings, as it follows: <ol><li>70 meetings with Heads of State from Europe, America, Asia and Africa;</li> <li>192 meetings with Presidents and Vice-Presidents of the Foreign Parliaments;</li> <li>40 meetings with Prime Ministers from the same areas;</li> <li>26 meetings with Leaders of International Organizations.</li></ol></li> <li>The President of the Senate, Nicolae Văcăroiu, carried out official visits in 40 states during 2001–2008. The objectives pursued were the following: <ul><li>development of bilateral parliamentary relations;</li> <li>focus on economic component, mainly: <ol><li>development of commercial relations;</li> <li>expanding the selling markets for the Romanian products;</li> <li>attracting foreign investments in the Romanian economy;</li> <li>the official visit program included meetings with Prime Ministers, Foreign Ministers, Ministers of Economy, Finance, Justice, Chambers of Commerce and Industry, etc.</li></ol></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p>The countries where official visits were made include Japan, China, South Korea, India, Turkey, Philippines, Mexico, Chile, Peru, Colombia, and Lebanon. In most of the visits, the official delegation was accompanied by businessmen (between 80 and 120 people), representatives of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the Association of Employers, and the media. The meetings between the Romanian and the Romanian businessmen were organized with the participation of the President of the Senate. </p> <ul><li>Interim <a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">President of Romania</a> (April 20-May 23, 2007) while the elected head of state was suspended by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Parliament of Romania</a>.</li> <li>President of the Court of Accounts of Romania (October 15, 2008 to October 15, 2017) <ul><li>The activity of the Romanian Court of Accounts in the nine years of the Văcăroiu's mandate is presented in the "White Paper", published on the Court of Accounts' website.</li> <li>The 150th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Romanian Court of Accounts (1864-2014), attended by more than 1,200 people: <ul><li>Delegations led by the heads of the Romanian institutions and authorities: the President of Romania, the President of the Chamber of Deputies, the Deputy Speaker of the Senate, the Prime Minister and members of the Government, the President of the Constitutional Court, the President of the High Court of Cassation and Justice, the Prosecutor General, National Bank of Romania, Association of Banks, President of the Romanian Academy, Academy of Scientists, Patriarch of Romania, Presidents of Political Parties, etc.</li> <li>External delegations from 30 countries, led by the Chairmen and Deputy Chairmen of the Supreme Audit Institutions: President of the Court of Auditors, President of INTOSAI and EUROSAI, and those of several countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Slovenia, Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Croatia, Finland, Kazakhstan, Malta, Republica Moldova, Montenegro, Nigeria, Russia, and South Africa. The General Controller of the United States National Audit Office has submitted a video message that was presented to the participants. The jubilee volume "History of the Court of Accounts of Romania in the period 1864-2014" and jubilee medals, distributed to the guests, were issued and published.</li> <li>Romania mass-media.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teaching,_research_and_publication_activity"><span id="Teaching.2C_research_and_publication_activity"></span>Teaching, research and publication activity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Teaching, research and publication activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may <b>require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a></b> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. The specific problem is: <b>Wikipedia is not a soapbox or means of promotion, unsourced material, formatting.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Special:EditPage/Nicolae Văcăroiu">improve this section</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Between 1975 and 1984 Văcăroiu was an associate professor at the <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Academy_of_Economic_Studies" title="Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies">Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies</a> and at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bucharest" title="University of Bucharest">University of Bucharest</a>, in the Faculty of Economic Sociology. He was also a first degree research associate within the Central Institute for Economic Research of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Romanian Academy</a>. He attended conferences, meetings and scientific seminars organized domestically and internationally, and published numerous articles in newspapers and magazines in economic, financial, price and monetary matters. Together with journalist Gheorghe Smeureanu, he co-authored the book "Romania, Games of Interest", published by Intact Publishing House, Bucharest, 1998. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_degrees">Awards and degrees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Awards and degrees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may <b>require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a></b> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. The specific problem is: <b>Wikipedia is not a soapbox or means of promotion, unsourced material, formatting.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Special:EditPage/Nicolae Văcăroiu">improve this section</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>A. Internally:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania" title="Order of the Star of Romania">Order of the Star of Romania</a>, Officer rank, conferred by the President of Romania by Decree no 421/26.05.2014 on the occasion of the 150th Anniversary of the Court of Accounts’ Establishment - for excellence demonstrated at the national level in coordinating the act of control, contributing to the efficient use of the state's financial resources.</li> <li>Order of the Star of Romania, Knight rank (2002).</li> <li><i>Degree "University Merit with Virgil Madgearu Gold Medal"</i> awarded by the Senate of the <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Academy_of_Economic_Studies" title="Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies">Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies</a> for excellence in all professional and scientific activity and outstanding performances in the evolution of Romanian society (2017).</li> <li>Obtaining the quality of <i>Associate Researcher, 1-st degree,</i> with all rights and duties under the Statute of the Institute and its Rules of organization and functioning of the Scientific Council of the National Institute of Economic Research, granted <i>under Romanian Academy Presidium Decision no 91/20.02.2004</i>.</li> <li>Doctor Honoris Causa of Andrei Șaguna University in Constanța (2007).</li> <li><i>Degree of Excellence awarded by the Academy of Economic Studies in Bucharest,</i> for the prodigious professional-scientific activity and the contribution to the affirmation of the Higher Schooling in Economics;</li> <li>Degree of "Honorary Member of the Senate of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pite%C8%99ti" title="University of Pitești">University of Pitești</a>" (2000).</li> <li>The "Jubilee Medal", awarded by the West University Vasile Goldiș from Arad, (2005).</li> <li>The degree of "Honorary Member of the National Union of Notaries Public" (2001).</li> <li>Jubilee degree awarded by the National Association of Exporters and Importers in Romania (2015).</li> <li>Degree of Excellence awarded by the Romanian Investors' Association (2002).</li> <li>Patent of the General Union of Industrialists in Romania - UGIR 1903, for remarkable contribution to the reconstruction of the Romanian economy (2003).</li> <li>Degree of Excellency awarded by the Rural Credit Guarantee Fund.</li> <li>Honorary degree Dimitrie C. Butculescu, awarded by the ARTIFEX-UCECOM Foundation (2004).</li> <li>The patent conferring the decoration "Badge of Honour" of the Romanian Army.</li> <li>Degree of Excellency awarded by the National Veterans Association (2002).</li> <li><i>Honorary Member of the National Union of Military Staff in Reserve and Withdrawn</i> (Decision 108/27.10.1994), awarded for the support given to the objectives and tasks set out in the Union Program (1994);</li> <li><i>Honorary Title "Charitable Man of the Year 1998",</i> awarded by the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Arge%C8%99_and_Muscel" title="Archdiocese of Argeș and Muscel">Archdiocese of Argeș and Muscel</a> for work in the service of the Christian community;</li> <li><i>More than 120 degrees of excellence or honor</i> awarded by public institutions, associations, foundations, universities, public administration councils, etc;</li> <li><i>25 degrees conferring the status of "Citizen of Honor"</i> awarded by County Councils (<a href="/wiki/Arge%C8%99_County" title="Argeș County">Argeș</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunedoara_County" title="Hunedoara County">Hunedoara</a>) and towns and cities (<a href="/wiki/Pite%C8%99ti" title="Pitești">Pitești</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craiova" title="Craiova">Craiova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mioveni" title="Mioveni">Mioveni</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2mpulung" title="Câmpulung">Câmpulung</a>, etc.).</li></ul> <p><b>B. Externally:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Merit_(Paraguay)" title="National Order of Merit (Paraguay)">National Order of Merit</a>, Grand Cross, awarded by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Paraguay" title="President of Paraguay">President of Paraguay</a>.</li> <li><i>The Renaissance Order, First Order</i> awarded by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Jordan" title="List of kings of Jordan">King of Jordan</a>.</li> <li>Columbus Congress Order Grade <i>Grand Extraordinary Cross</i> Gold Plated.</li> <li><i>Gold Medal Pericles,</i> conferred by the President of Hellenic Parliament.</li> <li><i>The Gold Medal of the French Senate,</i> conferred by its president;</li> <li><i>Grand Decoration,</i> awarded by the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Chile" title="Senate of Chile">Senate of Chile</a>.</li> <li><i>Degree and Medal</i> awarded by the President of the Senate of the Czech Republic.</li> <li><i>Order of cultural merit, Knight rank</i> awarded by the Brazilian Academy of Arts, Culture, and History.</li> <li><i>The Plaque of Honor,</i> conferred by the President of the National Assembly of the Republic of Bulgaria, for assistance and support in the process of European Integration.</li> <li><i>Degree of Honor and Merit with Gold Medal,</i> awarded by the <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Nacional_de_Asunci%C3%B3n" title="Universidad Nacional de Asunción">Universidad Nacional de Asunción</a>, Paraguay.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAbraham2016" class="citation book cs1">Abraham, Florin (2016-11-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5gxsDQAAQBAJ&q=Nicolae+V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu+romania&pg=PT255"><i>Romania since the Second World War: A Political, Social and Economic History</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4725-2629-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4725-2629-8"><bdi>978-1-4725-2629-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Romania+since+the+Second+World+War%3A+A+Political%2C+Social+and+Economic+History&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2016-11-17&rft.isbn=978-1-4725-2629-8&rft.aulast=Abraham&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5gxsDQAAQBAJ%26q%3DNicolae%2BV%25C4%2583c%25C4%2583roiu%2Bromania%26pg%3DPT255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicolae+V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.romaniajournal.ro/business/court-of-auditors-eur-60-m-spent-annually-on-feasibility-studies-without-purpose/">"Court of Auditors: EUR 60 M spent annually on feasibility studies without purpose"</a>. <i>Romania Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Romania+Journal&rft.atitle=Court+of+Auditors%3A+EUR+60+M+spent+annually+on+feasibility+studies+without+purpose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.romaniajournal.ro%2Fbusiness%2Fcourt-of-auditors-eur-60-m-spent-annually-on-feasibility-studies-without-purpose%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicolae+V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Stolojan" title="Theodor Stolojan">Theodor Stolojan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a> </b><br />1992–1996 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ciorbea" title="Victor Ciorbea">Victor Ciorbea</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mircea_Ionescu-Quintus" title="Mircea Ionescu-Quintus">Mircea Ionescu-Quintus</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_Romania" title="President of the Senate of Romania">President of the Senate</a> </b><br />2000–2008 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doru_Ioan_T%C4%83r%C4%83cil%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doru Ioan Tărăcilă (page does not exist)">Doru Ioan Tărăcilă</a><br /><small>Acting</small></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Traian_B%C4%83sescu" title="Traian Băsescu">Traian Băsescu</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Romania">President of Romania</a><br /><small>Acting</small> </b><br />2007 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Traian_B%C4%83sescu" title="Traian Băsescu">Traian Băsescu</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DDCEF2;">Legal offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_Drosu_%C8%98aguna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Drosu Șaguna (page does not exist)">Dan Drosu Șaguna</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> President of the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Audit_(Romania)" title="Court of Audit (Romania)">Court of Accounts</a> </b><br />2008–2017 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mihai_Busuioc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mihai Busuioc (page does not exist)">Mihai Busuioc</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia">United Principalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbu_Catargiu" title="Barbu Catargiu">B. Catargiu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apostol_Arsache" title="Apostol Arsache">Arsache</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Nicolae Crețulescu">N. Crețulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Kog%C4%83lniceanu" title="Mihail Kogălniceanu">Kogălniceanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Bosianu" title="Constantin Bosianu">Bosianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Nicolae Crețulescu">N. Crețulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica">I. Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">L. Catargiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica">I. Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_A._Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Constantin A. Crețulescu">C. Crețulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Golescu" title="Ștefan Golescu">Ș. Golescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Golescu" title="Nicolae Golescu">N. Golescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Ghica" title="Dimitrie Ghica">D. Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_G._Golescu" title="Alexandru G. Golescu">A. Golescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manolache_Costache_Epureanu" title="Manolache Costache Epureanu">Epureanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica">I. Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">L. Catargiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Emanuel_Florescu" title="Ion Emanuel Florescu">Florescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manolache_Costache_Epureanu" title="Manolache Costache Epureanu">Epureanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion C. Brătianu">Ion C. Brătianu</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Prime Minister of Romania"><img alt="Flag of the Prime Minister of Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Romania.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Romania.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Romania.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion C. Brătianu">Ion C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Br%C4%83tianu" title="Dimitrie Brătianu">D. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion C. Brătianu">Ion C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Rosetti" title="Theodor Rosetti">Rosetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">L. Catargiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Manu" title="Gheorghe Manu">Manu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Emanuel_Florescu" title="Ion Emanuel Florescu">Florescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">L. Catargiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Sturdza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_S._Aurelian" title="Petre S. Aurelian">Aurelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Sturdza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Grigore_Cantacuzino" title="Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino">Cantacuzino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_P._Carp" title="Petre P. Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Sturdza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Grigore_Cantacuzino" title="Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino"> Cantacuzino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Sturdza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_P._Carp" title="Petre P. Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titu_Maiorescu" title="Titu Maiorescu">Maiorescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Averescu" title="Alexandru Averescu">Averescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Marghiloman" title="Alexandru Marghiloman"> Marghiloman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Coand%C4%83" title="Constantin Coandă">Coandă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_V%C4%83itoianu" title="Artur Văitoianu">Văitoianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Vaida-Voevod" title="Alexandru Vaida-Voevod">Vaida-Voevod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Averescu" title="Alexandru Averescu">Averescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take_Ionescu" title="Take Ionescu">Ionescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Averescu" title="Alexandru Averescu">Averescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbu_%C8%98tirbey" title="Barbu Știrbey">Știrbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintil%C4%83_Br%C4%83tianu" title="Vintilă Brătianu"> V. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iuliu_Maniu" title="Iuliu Maniu">Maniu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Mironescu" title="Gheorghe Mironescu">Mironescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iuliu_Maniu" title="Iuliu Maniu">Maniu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Mironescu" title="Gheorghe Mironescu">Mironescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Iorga" title="Nicolae Iorga">Iorga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Vaida-Voevod" title="Alexandru Vaida-Voevod">Vaida-Voevod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iuliu_Maniu" title="Iuliu Maniu">Maniu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Vaida-Voevod" title="Alexandru Vaida-Voevod">Vaida-Voevod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_G._Duca" title="Ion G. Duca">Duca</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Angelescu" title="Constantin Angelescu">Angelescu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_T%C4%83t%C4%83rescu" title="Gheorghe Tătărescu">Tătărescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octavian_Goga" title="Octavian Goga">Goga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Miron_of_Romania" title="Patriarch Miron of Romania">Cristea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_C%C4%83linescu" title="Armand Călinescu">Călinescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Arge%C8%99anu" title="Gheorghe Argeșanu">Argeșanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Argetoianu" title="Constantin Argetoianu">Argetoianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_T%C4%83t%C4%83rescu" title="Gheorghe Tătărescu">Tătărescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Gigurtu" title="Ion Gigurtu">Gigurtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Antonescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_S%C4%83n%C4%83tescu" title="Constantin Sănătescu">Sănătescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_R%C4%83descu" title="Nicolae Rădescu">Rădescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petru_Groza" title="Petru Groza">Groza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">R.P.R.—R.S.R.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petru_Groza" title="Petru Groza">Groza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Gheorghiu-Dej" title="Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej">Gheorghiu-Dej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chivu_Stoica" title="Chivu Stoica">Stoica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Gheorghe_Maurer" title="Ion Gheorghe Maurer">Maurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manea_M%C4%83nescu" title="Manea Mănescu">Mănescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilie_Verde%C8%9B" title="Ilie Verdeț">Verdeț</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_D%C4%83sc%C4%83lescu" title="Constantin Dăscălescu">Dăscălescu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania_(1989%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Romania (1989–present)">Romania since 1989</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petre_Roman" title="Petre Roman">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Stolojan" title="Theodor Stolojan">Stolojan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Văcăroiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ciorbea" title="Victor Ciorbea">Ciorbea</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gavril_Dejeu" title="Gavril Dejeu">Dejeu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radu_Vasile" title="Radu Vasile">Vasile</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Athanasiu" title="Alexandru Athanasiu">Athanasiu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugur_Is%C4%83rescu" title="Mugur Isărescu">Isărescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_N%C4%83stase" title="Adrian Năstase">Năstase</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Bejinariu" title="Eugen Bejinariu">Bejinariu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83lin_Popescu-T%C4%83riceanu" title="Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu">Popescu-Tăriceanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Boc" title="Emil Boc">Boc</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lin_Predoiu" title="Cătălin Predoiu">Predoiu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_R%C4%83zvan_Ungureanu" title="Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu">Ungureanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ponta" title="Victor Ponta">Ponta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Oprea" title="Gabriel Oprea">Oprea</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ponta" title="Victor Ponta">Ponta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Oprea" title="Gabriel Oprea">Oprea</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ponta" title="Victor Ponta">Ponta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sorin_C%C3%AEmpeanu" title="Sorin Cîmpeanu">Cîmpeanu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_Ciolo%C8%99" title="Dacian Cioloș">Cioloș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorin_Grindeanu" title="Sorin Grindeanu">Grindeanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Tudose" title="Mihai Tudose">Tudose</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Fifor" title="Mihai Fifor">Fifor</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viorica_D%C4%83ncil%C4%83" title="Viorica Dăncilă">Dăncilă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludovic_Orban" title="Ludovic Orban">Orban</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ciuc%C4%83" title="Nicolae Ciucă">Ciucă</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florin_C%C3%AE%C8%9Bu" title="Florin Cîțu">Cîțu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ciuc%C4%83" title="Nicolae Ciucă">Ciucă</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lin_Predoiu" title="Cătălin Predoiu">Predoiu</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Ciolacu" title="Marcel Ciolacu">Ciolacu</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Ad_interim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad interim">ad interim</a>/<a href="/wiki/Acting_(law)" title="Acting (law)">acting</a> office holders. <b>Bold</b> indicates current office holder.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_of_Romania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_of_Romania" title="Template:Heads of state of Romania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_of_Romania" title="Template talk:Heads of state of Romania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_of_Romania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state of Romania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_of_Romania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Romania" title="List of heads of state of Romania">Heads of state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heads_of_state_of_Romania" title="Category:Heads of state of Romania">Heads of state of Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_Romania" title="Category:Presidents of Romania">Presidents of Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Romanian_monarchs" title="Category:Romanian monarchs">Romanian monarchs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia">United Principalities of Romania</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Domnitor" title="Domnitor"><i>Domnitor</i> of Romania</a> (1862–1881)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">1862–1866</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza">Alexandru Ioan Cuza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princely_Lieutenancy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princely Lieutenancy (page does not exist)">Princely Lieutenancy</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locotenen%C8%9Ba_Domneasc%C4%83_(1866)" class="extiw" title="ro:Locotenența Domnească (1866)">ro</a>]</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">Lascăr Catargiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Golescu" title="Nicolae Golescu">Nicolae Golescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Haralambie" title="Nicolae Haralambie">Nicolae Haralambie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">1866–1881</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a><br /><a href="/wiki/King_of_Romania" title="King of Romania">King of Romania</a> (1881–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">1881–1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">1914–1927</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Romania" title="Ferdinand I of Romania">Ferdinand I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">1927–1930</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_I_of_Romania" title="Michael I of Romania">Michael I</a> <ul><li>under regents <a href="/wiki/Prince_Nicholas_of_Romania" title="Prince Nicholas of Romania">Prince Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Miron_of_Romania" title="Patriarch Miron of Romania">Miron Cristea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Buzdugan" title="Gheorghe Buzdugan">Gheorghe Buzdugan</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantin_S%C4%83r%C4%83%C5%A3eanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantin Sărăţeanu (page does not exist)">Constantin Sărăţeanu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_S%C4%83r%C4%83%C5%A3eanu" class="extiw" title="ro:Constantin Sărăţeanu">ro</a>]</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">1930–1940</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_II_of_Romania" title="Carol II of Romania">Carol II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">1940–1947</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_I_of_Romania" title="Michael I of Romania">Michael I</a> <ul><li>with <a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Ion Antonescu</a> as <i><a href="/wiki/Conduc%C4%83tor" title="Conducător">Conducător</a></i> between 1940 and 1944</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_People%27s_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian People's Republic">Romanian People's Republic</a> (1947–65)<br /><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Socialist Republic of Romania</a><br />(1965–89)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium_of_the_Republic_(Romania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidium of the Republic (Romania) (page does not exist)">Provisional Presidium of the Republic</a> (1947–1948)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Ion_Parhon" title="Constantin Ion Parhon">Constantin Ion Parhon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Niculi" title="Ion Niculi">Ion Niculi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Sadoveanu" title="Mihail Sadoveanu">Mihail Sadoveanu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe_Stere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gheorghe Stere (page does not exist)">Gheorghe Stere</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gheorghe_Stere" class="extiw" title="ro:Gheorghe Stere">ro</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Voitec" title="Ștefan Voitec">Ștefan Voitec</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Great_National_Assembly_(Socialist_Republic_of_Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Great National Assembly (Socialist Republic of Romania)">Presidium of the Great National Assembly</a> (1948–1961)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Ion_Parhon" title="Constantin Ion Parhon">Constantin Ion Parhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petru_Groza" title="Petru Groza">Petru Groza</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Sadoveanu" title="Mihail Sadoveanu">Mihail Sadoveanu</a> & <a href="/wiki/Anton_Moisescu" title="Anton Moisescu">Anton Moisescu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Gheorghe_Maurer" title="Ion Gheorghe Maurer">Ion Gheorghe Maurer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_Romania" title="State Council of Romania">State Council</a> (1961–1974)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Gheorghiu-Dej" title="Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej">Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chivu_Stoica" title="Chivu Stoica">Chivu Stoica</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ion_Gheorghe_Maurer" title="Ion Gheorghe Maurer">Ion Gheorghe Maurer</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Voitec" title="Ștefan Voitec">Ștefan Voitec</a> & <a href="/wiki/Avram_Bunaciu" title="Avram Bunaciu">Avram Bunaciu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">President of SR Romania</a> (1974–1989)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania_(1989%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Romania (1989–present)">Post–1989 Romania</a><br /><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">President of Romania</a> (1989–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Iliescu" title="Ion Iliescu">Ion Iliescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Constantinescu" title="Emil Constantinescu">Emil Constantinescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Iliescu" title="Ion Iliescu">Ion Iliescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traian_B%C4%83sescu" title="Traian Băsescu">Traian Băsescu</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nicolae Văcăroiu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traian_B%C4%83sescu" title="Traian Băsescu">Traian Băsescu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crin_Antonescu" title="Crin Antonescu">Crin Antonescu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traian_B%C4%83sescu" title="Traian Băsescu">Traian Băsescu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Klaus Iohannis</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate interim officeholders. <b>Bold</b> indicates incumbent/current officeholder.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nicolae_Văcăroiu_cabinet_(1992–1996)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu_Cabinet" title="Template:Văcăroiu Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Văcăroiu Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Văcăroiu Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nicolae_Văcăroiu_cabinet_(1992–1996)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nicolae Văcăroiu</a> <a href="/wiki/V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu_Cabinet" title="Văcăroiu Cabinet">cabinet</a> (1992–1996)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span style="background: #cff;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nicolae Văcăroiu</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Ministers of State</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mi%C5%9Fu_Negri%C5%A3oiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mişu Negriţoiu (page does not exist)">Mişu Negriţoiu</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mircea_Co%C8%99ea" title="Mircea Coșea">Mircea Coșea</a></span></li> <li><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_Mircea_Popescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Mircea Popescu (page does not exist)">Dan Mircea Popescu</a></span></li> <li><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/wiki/Teodor_Mele%C8%99canu" title="Teodor Meleșcanu">Teodor Meleșcanu</a></span></li> <li><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florin_Georgescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Florin Georgescu (page does not exist)">Florin Georgescu</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Ministers</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petre_Ninosu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petre Ninosu (page does not exist)">Petre Ninosu</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavril_Iosif_Chiuzbaian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gavril Iosif Chiuzbaian (page does not exist)">Gavril Iosif Chiuzbaian</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ion_Predescu" title="Ion Predescu">Ion Predescu</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Justice (Romania)">Justice</a>)</li> <li><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florin_Georgescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Florin Georgescu (page does not exist)">Florin Georgescu</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Finance_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Public Finance (Romania)">Finance</a>)</li> <li><span style="background: #d5d5d5;"><a href="/wiki/Niculae_Spiroiu" title="Niculae Spiroiu">Niculae Spiroiu</a>/</span><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe_Tinca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gheorghe Tinca (page does not exist)">Gheorghe Tinca</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of National Defense (Romania)">Defense</a>)</li> <li><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mihai_Golu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mihai Golu (page does not exist)">Mihai Golu</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Liviu_Maior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liviu Maior (page does not exist)">Liviu Maior</a>/</span><span style="background: #d5d5d5;"><a href="/wiki/Marin_Sorescu" title="Marin Sorescu">Marin Sorescu</a>/</span><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viorel_M%C4%83rgineanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viorel Mărgineanu (page does not exist)">Viorel Mărgineanu</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Grigore_Zanc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grigore Zanc (page does not exist)">Grigore Zanc</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_National_Patrimony_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Culture and National Patrimony (Romania)">Culture and Arts</a>)</li> <li><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioan_Oancea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioan Oancea (page does not exist)">Ioan Oancea</a>/</span><span style="background: #ffe4c4;"><a href="/wiki/Valeriu_Tab%C4%83r%C4%83" title="Valeriu Tabără">Valeriu Tabără</a>/</span><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_L%C4%83pu%C8%99an" title="Alexandru Lăpușan">Alexandru Lăpușan</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Rural_Development_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Romania)">Agriculture</a>)</li> <li><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/wiki/Teodor_Mele%C8%99canu" title="Teodor Meleșcanu">Teodor Meleșcanu</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Romania)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania)">Foreign Affairs</a>)</li> <li><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marin_Cristea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marin Cristea (page does not exist)">Marin Cristea</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Infrastructure_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (Romania)">Public Works</a>)</li> <li><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantin_Teculescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantin Teculescu (page does not exist)">Constantin Teculescu</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristian_Ionescu_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cristian Ionescu (politician) (page does not exist)">Cristian Ionescu</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Petru_Cri%C5%9Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petru Crişan (page does not exist)">Petru Crişan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dan_Ioan_Popescu" title="Dan Ioan Popescu">Dan Ioan Popescu</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Finance_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Public Finance (Romania)">Commerce</a>)</li> <li><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Ioan_D%C4%83nescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Ioan Dănescu (page does not exist)">George Ioan Dănescu</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Doru_Ioan_T%C4%83r%C4%83cil%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doru Ioan Tărăcilă (page does not exist)">Doru Ioan Tărăcilă</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Administration_and_Interior_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Administration and Interior (Romania)">Interior</a>)</li> <li><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liviu_Maior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liviu Maior (page does not exist)">Liviu Maior</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Research,_Youth_and_Sport_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Education, Research, Youth and Sport (Romania)">Education</a>)</li> <li><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurel-Constantin_Ilie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurel-Constantin Ilie (page does not exist)">Aurel-Constantin Ilie</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Forests_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Environment and Forests (Romania)">Environment</a>)</li> <li><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_Mircea_Popescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Mircea Popescu (page does not exist)">Dan Mircea Popescu</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labor,_Family_and_Social_Protection_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Labor, Family and Social Protection (Romania)">Labor</a>)</li> <li><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Teodoru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Teodoru (page does not exist)">Paul Teodoru</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurel_Novac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurel Novac (page does not exist)">Aurel Novac</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Infrastructure_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (Romania)">Transport</a>)</li> <li><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iulian_Mincu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iulian Mincu (page does not exist)">Iulian Mincu</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniela_Barto%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniela Bartoş (page does not exist)">Daniela Bartoş</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Health (Romania)">Health</a>)</li> <li><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrei_Chiric%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrei Chirică (page does not exist)">Andrei Chirică</a>/</span><span style="background: #ffe4c4;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrian_Turicu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adrian Turicu (page does not exist)">Adrian Turicu</a>/</span><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/wiki/Mircea_Co%C8%99ea" title="Mircea Coșea">Mircea Coșea</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_and_Information_Society_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Communications and Information Society (Romania)">Communication</a>)</li> <li><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dumitru_Popescu_(PSD_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dumitru Popescu (PSD politician) (page does not exist)">Dumitru Popescu</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandru_St%C4%83nescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandru Stănescu (page does not exist)">Alexandru Stănescu</a></span> (Industries)</li> <li><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/wiki/Matei-Agathon_Dan" title="Matei-Agathon Dan">Matei-Agathon Dan</a></span> (Tourism)</li> <li><span style="background: #cff;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doru_Dumitru_Palade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doru Dumitru Palade (page does not exist)">Doru Dumitru Palade</a>/<a href="/wiki/Valer_Dorneanu" title="Valer Dorneanu">Valer Dorneanu</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Petre_Ninosu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petre Ninosu (page does not exist)">Petre Ninosu</a></span> (Research and Technology)</li> <li><span style="background: #cff"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe_Angelescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gheorghe Angelescu (page does not exist)">Gheorghe Angelescu</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Mironov" title="Alexandru Mironov">Alexandru Mironov</a></span> (Youth and Sport)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#cff; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">FDSN/PDSR</a> minister</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffe4c4; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Romanian_National_Unity_Party" title="Romanian National Unity Party">PUNR</a> minister</span></li> <li><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#d5d5d5; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> minister</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Senate_of_Romania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:President_of_the_Senate_of_Romania" title="Template:President of the Senate of Romania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:President_of_the_Senate_of_Romania" title="Template talk:President of the Senate of Romania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:President_of_the_Senate_of_Romania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:President of the Senate of Romania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Senate_of_Romania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_Romania" title="President of the Senate of Romania">Presidents</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Romania" title="Senate of Romania">Senate of Romania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Corpul Ponderator<br />(Moderating Body)<br />1864–1866</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nifon_Rusail%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nifon Rusailă (page does not exist)">Nifon Rusailă</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Senate_of_Romania.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Senate_of_Romania.png/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Senate_of_Romania.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Senate_of_Romania.png/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Senate_of_Romania.png 1.5x, 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<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calinic_Miclescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calinic Miclescu (page does not exist)">Calinic Miclescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Bosianu" title="Constantin Bosianu">Constantin Bosianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Ghica" title="Dimitrie Ghica">Dimitrie Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Emanoil_Florescu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion Emanoil Florescu">Ion Emanoil Florescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Nicolae Crețulescu">Nicolae Crețulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Emanoil_Florescu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion Emanoil Florescu">Ion Emanoil Florescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Boerescu" title="Constantin Boerescu">Constantin Boerescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Grigore_Cantacuzino" title="Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino">Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Ghica" title="Dimitrie Ghica">Dimitrie Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Alexandru_Sturdza" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimitrie Alexandru Sturdza">Dimitrie Alexandru Sturdza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugeniu_St%C4%83tescu" title="Eugeniu Stătescu">Eugeniu Stătescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Gane" title="Nicolae Gane">Nicolae Gane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Boerescu" title="Constantin Boerescu">Constantin Boerescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugeniu_St%C4%83tescu" title="Eugeniu Stătescu">Eugeniu Stătescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_S._Aurelian" title="Petre S. Aurelian">Petre S. Aurelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Boerescu" title="Constantin Boerescu">Constantin Boerescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_S._Aurelian" title="Petre S. Aurelian">Petre S. Aurelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Budi%C8%99teanu" title="Constantin Budișteanu">Constantin Budișteanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Grigore_Cantacuzino" title="Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino">Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Rosetti" title="Theodor Rosetti">Theodor Rosetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Lahovari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion Lahovari">Ion Lahovari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basile_M._Missir" title="Basile M. Missir">Basile M. Missir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanoil_Porumbaru" title="Emanoil Porumbaru">Emanoil Porumbaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Dobrescu" title="Dimitrie Dobrescu">Dimitrie Dobrescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bujor" title="Paul Bujor">Paul Bujor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Coand%C4%83" title="Constantin Coandă">Constantin Coandă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Pherekyde" title="Mihail Pherekyde">Mihail Pherekyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_I._Nicolaescu" title="Constantin I. Nicolaescu">Constantin I. Nicolaescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Coand%C4%83" title="Constantin Coandă">Constantin Coandă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_I._Nicolaescu" title="Constantin I. Nicolaescu">Constantin I. Nicolaescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traian_Bratu" title="Traian Bratu">Traian Bratu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Sadoveanu" title="Mihail Sadoveanu">Mihail Sadoveanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neculai_Cost%C4%83chescu" title="Neculai Costăchescu">Neculai Costăchescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonte_Moldovan" title="Leonte Moldovan">Leonte Moldovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Dimitriu-Dovlecel" title="Constantin Dimitriu-Dovlecel">Constantin Dimitriu-Dovlecel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Lapedatu" title="Alexandru Lapedatu">Alexandru Lapedatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Iorga" title="Nicolae Iorga">Nicolae Iorga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Argetoianu" title="Constantin Argetoianu">Constantin Argetoianu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senat<br />since 1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_B%C3%A2rl%C4%83deanu" title="Alexandru Bârlădeanu">Alexandru Bârlădeanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliviu_Gherman" title="Oliviu Gherman">Oliviu Gherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_Roman" title="Petre Roman">Petre Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mircea_Ionescu-Quintus" title="Mircea Ionescu-Quintus">Mircea Ionescu-Quintus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nicolae Văcăroiu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doru-Ioan_T%C7%8Er%C7%8Ecil%C7%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doru-Ioan Tǎrǎcilǎ (page does not exist)">Doru-Ioan Tǎrǎcilǎ</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_acting"><a href="#endnote_acting">*</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilie_S%C3%A2rbu" title="Ilie Sârbu">Ilie Sârbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mircea_Geoan%C4%83" title="Mircea Geoană">Mircea Geoană</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petru_Filip" title="Petru Filip">Petru Filip</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_acting"><a href="#endnote_acting">*</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasile_Blaga" title="Vasile Blaga">Vasile Blaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crin_Antonescu" title="Crin Antonescu">Crin Antonescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristian_Dumitrescu" title="Cristian Dumitrescu">Cristian Dumitrescu</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_acting"><a href="#endnote_acting">*</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83lin_Popescu-T%C4%83riceanu" title="Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu">Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98erban_Valeca" title="Șerban Valeca">Șerban Valeca</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_acting"><a href="#endnote_acting">*</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodor_Mele%C8%99canu" title="Teodor Meleșcanu">Teodor Meleșcanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Corl%C4%83%C8%9Bean" title="Titus Corlățean">Titus Corlățean</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_acting"><a href="#endnote_acting">*</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Cazanciuc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Cazanciuc (page does not exist)">Robert Cazanciuc</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_acting"><a href="#endnote_acting">*</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anca_Dragu" title="Anca Dragu">Anca Dragu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florin_C%C3%AE%C8%9Bu" title="Florin Cîțu">Florin Cîțu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alina_Gorghiu" title="Alina Gorghiu">Alina Gorghiu</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_acting"><a href="#endnote_acting">*</a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-size: smaller;"><div><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_acting"><b><a href="#ref_acting">^*</a></b></span> ad interim (<a href="/wiki/Acting_(law)" title="Acting (law)">acting</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126671#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126671#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126671#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000051928141">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/71356411">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJB4f9bBG67r6pTq3fhrbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1191850439">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr2006032142">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gov.ro/en/prime-ministers-in-history">Prime minister in history</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.curteadeconturi.ro/Conducere.aspx?den=11/11/2013%2011:05:07%20AMt1fae">Romanian Court Of Accounts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200813203407/http://www.curteadeconturi.ro/Conducere.aspx?den=11%2F11%2F2013%2011%3A05%3A07%20AMt1fae">Archived</a> 2020-08-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politicaromaneasca.ro/guvernul_nicolae_vacaroiu-1560">The Government of Nicolae Vacaroiu 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