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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Patriarch Miron of Romania</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miron_Cristea" title="Miron Cristea – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Miron Cristea" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miron_Cristea" title="Miron Cristea – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Miron Cristea" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miron_Cristea" title="Miron Cristea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Miron Cristea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miron_Cristea" title="Miron Cristea – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Miron Cristea" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriark_Miron_dari_Rumania" title="Patriark Miron dari Rumania – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Patriark Miron dari Rumania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miron_Cristea" title="Miron Cristea – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Miron Cristea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%94" title="מירון קריסטיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מירון קריסטיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98)" title="მირონი (რუმინეთის პატრიარქი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მირონი (რუმინეთის პატრიარქი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myron_Cristea" title="Myron Cristea – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Myron Cristea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miron_Cristea" title="Miron Cristea – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Miron Cristea" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%89" title="ميرون كريستاى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميرون كريستاى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miron_Cristea" title="Miron Cristea – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Miron Cristea" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miron_(patriarcha_Rumunii)" title="Miron (patriarcha Rumunii) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Miron (patriarcha Rumunii)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miron_Cristea" title="Miron Cristea – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Miron Cristea" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miron_Cristea" title="Miron Cristea – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Miron Cristea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9)" title="Мирон (патриарх Румынский) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мирон (патриарх Румынский)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Патријарх румунски Мирон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Патријарх румунски Мирон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miron_Cristea" title="Miron Cristea – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Miron Cristea" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8F)" title="Мирон (Кристя) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мирон (Кристя)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E9%9A%86%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E4%BA%9A" title="米隆·克里斯蒂亚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;color: #202122; background-color: #DFB0DF;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline;"><a href="/wiki/His_Eminence" class="mw-redirect" title="His Eminence">His Beatitude</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline" class="fn">Patriarch Miron of Romania</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader role">By God's mercy, Archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>,<br /> Metropolitan of <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Ungro-Vlachia</a>, <br />Locum tenens of the throne of <a href="/wiki/Kayseri" title="Kayseri">Caesarea Cappadociae</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_All_Romania" title="Patriarch of All Romania">Patriarch of All Romania</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Miron_Cristia_patriach_of_Romania.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Miron_Cristia_patriach_of_Romania.JPG/220px-Miron_Cristia_patriach_of_Romania.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Miron_Cristia_patriach_of_Romania.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="434" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Miron in 1936</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Church</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romanian Orthodox</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Archdiocese</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Bucharest" title="Archdiocese of Bucharest">Bucharest</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elected</th><td class="infobox-data">1919</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Term ended</th><td class="infobox-data">1939</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conon_Ar%C4%83mescu-Donici" title="Conon Arămescu-Donici">Conon Arămescu-Donici</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nicodim_Munteanu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicodim Munteanu">Patriarch Nicodim of Romania</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Elie Cristea</div><br />20 July 1868<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Topli%C8%9Ba" title="Toplița">Toplița</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">6 March 1939<span style="display:none">(1939-03-06)</span> (aged 70)<br /><a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Buried</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Patriarchal_Cathedral" title="Romanian Patriarchal Cathedral">Romanian Patriarchal Cathedral</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Miron_Cristea_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Patriarch Miron of Romania's signature"><img alt="Patriarch Miron of Romania's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Miron_Cristea_signature.svg/130px-Miron_Cristea_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Miron_Cristea_signature.svg/195px-Miron_Cristea_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Miron_Cristea_signature.svg/260px-Miron_Cristea_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1617" data-file-height="488" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />11 February 1938 – 6 March 1939</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carol_II_of_Romania" title="Carol II of Romania">Carol II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Armand_C%C4%83linescu" title="Armand Călinescu">Armand Călinescu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Octavian_Goga" title="Octavian Goga">Octavian Goga</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Armand_C%C4%83linescu" title="Armand Călinescu">Armand Călinescu</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data">none</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">priest</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Miron Cristea</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Romanian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ro-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">[miˈron<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈkriste̯a]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monastic name</a> of <b>Elie Cristea</b> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ro-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">[eˈli.e]</a></span>; 20 July 1868 – 6 March 1939)<sup id="cite_ref-nytobituary_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobituary-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romanian</a> cleric and politician. </p><p>A bishop in Hungarian-ruled Transylvania, Cristea was elected <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">Metropolitan-Primate</a> of the Orthodox Church of the newly unified <a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Greater Romania</a> in 1919. As the Church was raised to a rank of Patriarchate, Miron Cristea was enthroned as the first <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_All_Romania" title="Patriarch of All Romania">Patriarch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romanian Orthodox Church</a> in 1925. </p><p>In 1938, after <a href="/wiki/Carol_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Carol II">Carol II</a> banned political parties and established a royal dictatorship, he chose Cristea to be <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a>, a position in which he served for about a year (between 11 February 1938 and his death on 6 March 1939). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patriarch_Miron_of_Romania&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patriarch_Miron_of_Romania&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Topli%C8%9Ba" title="Toplița">Toplița</a> to Gheorghe and Domnița Cristea,<sup id="cite_ref-Iancu_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iancu-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a peasant family,<sup id="cite_ref-nytobituary_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobituary-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he studied at the <a href="/wiki/Liviu_Rebreanu_National_College" title="Liviu Rebreanu National College">Saxon Evangelical Gymnasium</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bistri%C8%9Ba" title="Bistrița">Bistrița</a> (1879–1883), at the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Church_United_with_Rome,_Greek-Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic">Greek-Catholic</a> Lyceum of <a href="/wiki/N%C4%83s%C4%83ud" title="Năsăud">Năsăud</a> (1883–1887), at the Orthodox Seminary of <a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a> (1887–1890), after which he became a teacher and principal at the Romanian Orthodox school of Orăștie (1890–1891).<sup id="cite_ref-Iancu_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iancu-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dtr_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dtr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cristea then studied <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> and modern <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philology</a> at the <a href="/wiki/E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s_Lor%C3%A1nd_University" title="Eötvös Loránd University">University of Budapest</a> (1891–1895), where he was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">doctorate</a> in 1895 – with a dissertation about the life and works of <a href="/wiki/Mihai_Eminescu" title="Mihai Eminescu">Mihai Eminescu</a> (given in <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Iancu_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iancu-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dtr_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dtr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Returning to Transylvania, he was a secretary (between 1895 and 1902), then a counselor (1902–1909) at the Archbishopric of Sibiu. It was then that he was ordained <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a> in 1900 and archdeacon in 1901. Cristea became a monk at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hodo%C8%99_Bodrog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hodoș Bodrog (page does not exist)">Hodoș Bodrog</a> Monastery, <a href="/wiki/Arad_County" title="Arad County">Arad County</a> in 1902, taking the monastic name of Miron. He climbed the monastery hierarchy, becoming an archmonk in 1903 and a protosingel in 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-dtr_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dtr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1908, following the death of bishop <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Popea" title="Nicolae Popea">Nicolae Popea</a>, the election of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Caransebe%C8%99" title="Diocese of Caransebeș">bishop of Caransebeș</a> led to a dispute between the Romanian Orthodox Church and the Imperial authorities, when, twice in a row, the elected bishops were not recognized by emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria, at the recommendation of the Hungarian government. Cristea was the third choice, being chosen on 21 November 1910, and obtaining the recognition from the authorities;<sup id="cite_ref-Iancu_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iancu-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he became an archbishop in 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobituary_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobituary-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, as Romania joined the war on the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allies</a>' side, Cristea signed on 1 September 1916, a public letter to the parishioners printed at <a href="/wiki/Oradea" title="Oradea">Oradea</a> by the Orthodox Bishopric of Transylvania. The letter called to arms all believers against "Romania the new enemy which sinfully covets to ruin the borders, coming to conquer Transylvania".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delegaci%C3%B3nTransilvanaEnRuman%C3%ADa1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Delegaci%C3%B3nTransilvanaEnRuman%C3%ADa1918.jpg/220px-Delegaci%C3%B3nTransilvanaEnRuman%C3%ADa1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Delegaci%C3%B3nTransilvanaEnRuman%C3%ADa1918.jpg/330px-Delegaci%C3%B3nTransilvanaEnRuman%C3%ADa1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Delegaci%C3%B3nTransilvanaEnRuman%C3%ADa1918.jpg/440px-Delegaci%C3%B3nTransilvanaEnRuman%C3%ADa1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>The Transylvanian delegation (<a href="/wiki/Vasile_Goldi%C8%99" title="Vasile Goldiș">Vasile Goldiș</a>, Cristea, <a href="/wiki/Iuliu_Hossu" title="Iuliu Hossu">Iuliu Hossu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Vaida-Voevod" title="Alexandru Vaida-Voevod">Alexandru Vaida-Voevod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caius_Brediceanu" title="Caius Brediceanu">Caius Brediceanu</a>) that brought to Bucharest the Unification Act of Transylvania with Romania</figcaption></figure> <p>Towards the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, on 18 October 1918, the Central National Romanian Central Council was formed, an organization which fought for the union of <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a> and Romania. On 21 November, Cristea, as archbishop of Caransebeș joined the organization and recognized it as the only ruling body of the Romanian nation in Transylvania. On 1 December, he was (with <a href="/wiki/Vasile_Goldi%C8%99" title="Vasile Goldiș">Vasile Goldiș</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iuliu_Hossu" title="Iuliu Hossu">Iuliu Hossu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Vaida-Voevod" title="Alexandru Vaida-Voevod">Alexandru Vaida-Voevod</a>) a member of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanian</a> delegation that called for the unification of <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 28 May 1919, the King and government of Romania went to the grave of <a href="/wiki/Michael_the_Brave" title="Michael the Brave">Michael the Brave</a> in <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2mpia_Turzii" title="Câmpia Turzii">Câmpia Turzii</a> and Bishop Cristea lead the religious service of commemoration and held a nationalist speech in which he drew a parallel between King Ferdinand I and Michael the Brave and recommended the King to not stop at <a href="/wiki/Turda" title="Turda">Turda</a>, but continuing all the way to the <a href="/wiki/Tisa_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Tisa River">Tisa River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-leustean_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leustean-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan-Primate_and_Patriarch">Metropolitan-Primate and Patriarch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patriarch_Miron_of_Romania&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Metropolitan-Primate and Patriarch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of his collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/Romania_during_World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Romania during World War I">German occupation troops</a>, the Metropolitan-Primate <a href="/wiki/Conon_Ar%C4%83mescu-Donici" title="Conon Arămescu-Donici">Conon Arămescu-Donici</a> was forced to resign on 1 December 1919<sup id="cite_ref-leustean_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leustean-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on 31 December 1919, Cristea was chosen by the Great Electoral College as the first Metropolitan-Primate of Greater Romania<sup id="cite_ref-adevarul_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adevarul-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 435 votes out of 447.<sup id="cite_ref-leustean_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leustean-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Romanian Orthodox Church was elevated to a patriarchate in 1925. On 1 November 1925, after a <a href="/wiki/Synod" title="Synod">Synod</a> was held, Cristea was named Patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church.<sup id="cite_ref-adevarul_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adevarul-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Metropolitan-Primate and later Patriarch, Cristea continued the tradition of his predecessors to support whatever government was in power. The church acted as an agency of the state, for instance, in 1920, Cristea asked the clergymen to aid the state financially by encouraging the faithful to buy government <a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">bonds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-leustean_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leustean-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cristea's discourse incorporated <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">statist</a> elements, arguing that Orthodox religion was integral to the Romanian soul, and he argued that the church's values include "<a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">patriotism</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Obedience_(human_behavior)" class="mw-redirect" title="Obedience (human behavior)">obedience</a> to [civil] authorities" alongside "faith and morality".<sup id="cite_ref-leustean_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leustean-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cristea introduced reforms such as the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> to the church, including, briefly, the celebration of Pascha (Easter) on the same date as the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>. This was opposed by various groups of traditionalists and <a href="/wiki/Old_Calendarists" title="Old Calendarists">Old Calendarists</a>, especially in Moldavia, where Metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Gurie_Grosu" title="Gurie Grosu">Gurie Grosu</a> of Bessarabia refused to accept the orders given by the Patriarchate.<sup id="cite_ref-patimile_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patimile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Standard_of_the_Regent_of_Romania_(1927-1930).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Standard_of_the_Regent_of_Romania_%281927-1930%29.svg/200px-Standard_of_the_Regent_of_Romania_%281927-1930%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Standard_of_the_Regent_of_Romania_%281927-1930%29.svg/300px-Standard_of_the_Regent_of_Romania_%281927-1930%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Standard_of_the_Regent_of_Romania_%281927-1930%29.svg/400px-Standard_of_the_Regent_of_Romania_%281927-1930%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Standard of the Regent of Romania (1927–1930)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1927, he was chosen by <a href="/wiki/Ionel_Br%C4%83tianu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionel Brătianu">Ionel Brătianu</a> to be one of the three <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regents</a> of <a href="/wiki/King_of_Romania" title="King of Romania">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_I_of_Romania" title="Michael I of Romania">Michael I of Romania</a>, alongside <a href="/wiki/Prince_Nicholas_of_Romania" title="Prince Nicholas of Romania">Prince Nicholas of Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Buzdugan" title="Gheorghe Buzdugan">Gheorghe Buzdugan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cristea's involvement in politics was, however, controversial, being criticised by journalists at <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epoca_(Romanian_newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epoca (Romanian newspaper) (page does not exist)">Epoca</a></i> newspaper, who accused him of trying to play the role of <a href="/wiki/Rasputin" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasputin">Rasputin</a> and being a member of the palace <a href="/wiki/Camarilla" title="Camarilla">camarilla</a>. This resulted in the issue being confiscated by the police, and <i>Epoca</i> offices being vandalized by hooligans, allegedly incited by the government.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A dispute arose with philosopher <a href="/wiki/Nae_Ionescu" title="Nae Ionescu">Nae Ionescu</a> after Ionescu attacked Cristea for hypocrisy in newspaper articles following a lavish dinner with Cristea during the <a href="/wiki/Nativity_Fast" title="Nativity Fast">Nativity Fast</a> at which they were served, amongst other things, <a href="/wiki/Turkey_(bird)" title="Turkey (bird)">turkey</a>. In retaliation, Cristea requested that the iconographer Belizarie paint Ionescu's face on a figure of the devil in the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Patriarchal_Cathedral" title="Romanian Patriarchal Cathedral">Patriarchal Cathedral in Bucharest</a>'s Apocalypse-themed mural.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1929, because of a serious illness (identified as <a href="/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukemia" title="Acute myeloid leukemia">leucocythemia</a> by his medics), Cristea retired for several months to a country house in <a href="/wiki/Dragoslavele" title="Dragoslavele">Dragoslavele</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muscel_County" title="Muscel County">Muscel County</a>, but despite the bleak predictions about his health state, he was soon able to return to Bucharest.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 6 July 1930, <a href="/wiki/Carol_II_of_Romania" title="Carol II of Romania">Carol II</a> returned to Romania to assume power. On 7 July, Miron Cristea and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantin_S%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%9Beanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantin Sărățeanu (page does not exist)">Constantin Sărățeanu</a> resigned from the regency and the following day, the Parliament revoked the 1926 law which gave the throne to Mihai, Carol becoming King again.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cristea kept his loyalty to King Carol II throughout his rule. In March 1937, as the King attempted to suppress the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascist</a> movement known as the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard" title="Iron Guard">Iron Guard</a>, Cristea responded to the request sent by the Tătărescu government on limiting the relationship between the clergy and the Iron Guard. Cristea invoked a Holy Synod which banned clergy from joining the Legion and disallowed political demonstrations and symbols in the churches.<sup id="cite_ref-finalreport_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finalreport-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prime_Minister_of_Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patriarch_Miron_of_Romania&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Prime Minister of Romania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a bid for political unity against the Iron Guard, which was gaining popularity, on 10 February 1938, Carol dismissed the government of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Octavian_Goga" title="Octavian Goga">Octavian Goga</a> and seized emergency powers. He suspended the constitution, suspended all political activity, and ruled by <a href="/wiki/Decree" title="Decree">decree</a>. Cristea was named Prime Minister on 11 February 1938. He headed a government that included seven former prime ministers and members of all major parties except for Codreanu's Iron Guard and Goga's <a href="/wiki/L%C4%83ncieri" title="Lăncieri">Lăncieri</a>, which had violently clashed.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine described him as a "puppet Premier" of Carol II,<sup id="cite_ref-time24apr_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time24apr-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas historian Joseph Rothschild considered that it was Cristea's vice-prime-minister, <a href="/wiki/Armand_C%C4%83linescu" title="Armand Călinescu">Armand Călinescu</a>, who held the power in the Cristea government.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his <a href="/wiki/Inauguration" title="Inauguration">inaugural speech</a>, Cristea denounced <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> <a href="/wiki/Pluralism_(political_philosophy)" title="Pluralism (political philosophy)">pluralism</a>, arguing that "the monster with 29 electoral heads was destroyed" (referring to the 29 political parties which were to be banned) and claiming that the king shall bring salvation.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new government stopped the antisemitic violence that was unleashed under Goga's rule, but the <a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_laws_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitic laws in Romania">antisemitic legislation</a> in place was not altered, as <a href="/wiki/Nichifor_Crainic" title="Nichifor Crainic">Nichifor Crainic</a>'s racist, fascist ideology fit comfortably with the social views and <a href="/wiki/Political_theology" title="Political theology">political theology</a> of the Romanian Orthodox Church.<sup id="cite_ref-finalreport_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finalreport-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At Carol's direction, Cristea's government declared <a href="/wiki/State_of_siege" class="mw-redirect" title="State of siege">state of siege</a>, which allowed among other things, searches without warrant and the military appropriation of privately held guns. He also imposed harsh press <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">censorship</a> and restored the <a href="/wiki/Death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty">death penalty</a>. However, Cristea promised prosperity through some constitutional and social reforms, which were to include the "organized emigration of Jewish surplus population", that is, expulsion of all Jews who came to Romania during or after World War I. However, it eased the antisemitic restrictions imposed by the Goga government.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WP12feb_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP12feb-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The external politics of the Cristea government were based on seeking an alliance with the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, away from the friendship with the Berlin-Rome <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis powers of World War II">Axis</a> supported by the Goga government.<sup id="cite_ref-WP12feb_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP12feb-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cristea also visited <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, with which Romania had <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Romanian_alliance" title="Polish–Romanian alliance">an alliance</a> and with which it tried to create a neutral block between Nazi Germany and the USSR.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the policies Cristea introduced during his rule as Prime Minister was a crackdown on the <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> minority, by disallowing religious service to small congregations with less than 100 heads of families, basically banning the services in around 1500 small chapels belonging to various non-Orthodox Christian denominations.<sup id="cite_ref-time24apr_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time24apr-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite worldwide protests from the <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a>, the ban was only lifted after Cristea's death by his successor, the <a href="/wiki/National_Renaissance_Front" title="National Renaissance Front">National Renaissance Front</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Armand_C%C4%83linescu" title="Armand Călinescu">Armand Călinescu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-time24apr_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time24apr-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 February, a <a href="/wiki/1938_Constitution_of_Romania" title="1938 Constitution of Romania">new constitution</a> was announced, which organized Romania as a "corporatist state" similar to the one of Fascist Italy, with a parliament made up of representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Guild" title="Guild">guilds</a> of farmers, workers and intellectuals.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four days later, on 24 February, the constitution was approved, with 99.87% of votes for, through a <a href="/wiki/1938_Romanian_constitutional_referendum" title="1938 Romanian constitutional referendum">plebiscite</a>, described by a contemporary article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Manchester_Guardian" class="mw-redirect" title="The Manchester Guardian">The Manchester Guardian</a></i> as a "farse" for its lack of vote secrecy and the lack of information given to rural voters .<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon the approval of the new constitution, Cristea's government resigned on 30 March. He formed a new government later that day. The new government banned all political parties, their activity being only suspended before that.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 1938, <a href="/wiki/Corneliu_Zelea_Codreanu" title="Corneliu Zelea Codreanu">Corneliu Zelea Codreanu</a>, the leader of the Iron Guard, attacked in a letter the politicians who supported Carol II, including Prime Minister Cristea and members of his government. Codreanu was arrested for slander against <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Iorga" title="Nicolae Iorga">Nicolae Iorga</a> and killed "while attempting to escape".<sup id="cite_ref-nytobituary_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobituary-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the end of 1938, Carol II introduced even more Fascist-inspired elements. In December 1938, the <a href="/wiki/National_Renaissance_Front" title="National Renaissance Front">National Renaissance Front</a> was formed as the only legally permitted party.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 January 1939; Cristea's government visited the Royal Palace wearing uniforms. When they met Carol, Cristea and the ministers greeted him with the <a href="/wiki/Fascist_salute" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist salute">Fascist salute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deteriorating_health_and_death">Deteriorating health and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patriarch_Miron_of_Romania&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Deteriorating health and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His health deteriorated in January 1939, suffering from two heart attacks,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which prompted his doctors to recommend him to stay in a warmer place for a few months, in order to avoid the harsher Romanian winter.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobituary_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobituary-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, on 1 February 1939, Călinescu took over most of Cristea's powers, while Cristea remained nominally the Prime Minister at the King's insistence.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 February 1939, Cristea arrived in <a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, but contracted pneumonia while waiting for his niece in the <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Nice" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Nice">Nice railway station</a>. He stayed in Cannes for treatment, but died two weeks later, on 6 March, of <a href="/wiki/Bronchopneumonia" title="Bronchopneumonia">bronchopneumonia</a> complicated by heart disease.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobituary_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobituary-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His body was sent by train to Bucharest, the funeral train stopping in all stations in Romania to permit believers to pay their last respects and say prayers before the body. On 7 March, a state of national mourning was ordered and all festivities were canceled.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A week later, on 14 March, funeral services were held in Bucharest,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cristea being buried in the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Patriarchal_Cathedral" title="Romanian Patriarchal Cathedral">Patriarchal Cathedral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-adevarul_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adevarul-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions_and_policies">Political positions and policies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patriarch_Miron_of_Romania&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Political positions and policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cristea's political positions were nationalistic, seeing for Romania external threats from both the east, in the form of communism and the Soviet Union and from the capitalist and modernist west.<sup id="cite_ref-spicer_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spicer-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toward_other_Christian_denominations">Toward other Christian denominations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patriarch_Miron_of_Romania&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Toward other Christian denominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As he became the head of the Orthodox Church in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Greater Romania</a>, a multiethnic and multireligious state, Cristea feared that the ethnic minorities, as well as Romanians belonging to non-Orthodox creeds such as the Greek-Catholicism and the Jews would challenge the privileged status which the Orthodox Church had in pre-World War I Romania.<sup id="cite_ref-spicer_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spicer-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, Cristea attempted an <a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">ecumenical</a> close-up with the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Church">Anglican Church</a>, by visiting <a href="/wiki/Cosmo_Gordon_Lang" title="Cosmo Gordon Lang">Cosmo Gordon Lang</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>, in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cristea strongly opposed the idea of a <a href="/wiki/Concordat" title="Concordat">Concordat</a> with the Vatican and the Romanian Orthodox Church issued a statement against it saying that "the treaty subordinates the interests of the country and the sovereignty of the state to a foreign power".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Romanian Senate ratified it anyway on 26 May 1929, and Cristea, as a member of the regency, was forced to sign it.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobituary_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobituary-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has led again to discussions about the incompatibility between his two posts and there were discussions on whether Cristea would have resigned rather than sign the Concordat.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Cristea introduced reforms such as switching to the Gregorian calendar, the <a href="/wiki/Old_Calendar_Romanian_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Calendar Romanian Orthodox Church">Old Calendar Romanian Orthodox Church</a>, led by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glicherie_T%C4%83nase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glicherie Tănase (page does not exist)">Glicherie Tănase</a> seceded many parishes from the Orthodox Church and by 1936 they had built more than 40 churches. However, after 1935, the Romanian government began to suppress any opposition to the Orthodox Church and the churches were razed and some of the activists the imprisoned, while a number of clerics, including hieromonk Pambo and five monks from the Old Calendarist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cucova_Monastery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cucova Monastery (page does not exist)">Cucova Monastery</a>, were beaten to death.<sup id="cite_ref-patimile_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patimile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Protests against the authorities' actions were met with repression by police and the leader of Old Calendarists, Tănase, was accused of being an instigator and sentenced to death.<sup id="cite_ref-patimile_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patimile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1937, <a href="/wiki/William_Temple_(archbishop)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Temple (archbishop)">William Temple</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_York" title="Archbishop of York">Archbishop of York</a>, sent a letter to Cristea in which he questioned religious freedom in Romania, referring especially to the treatment of the Baptists. Cristea denied such claims and responded in a long document in which he said Temple was misled by the "perverse propaganda" and the "false mystification" of the Magyars, as well as the "ferocious and barbaric proselytism of the Pope". He further added, referring to neo-Protestants, that Romania should not allow to be "undermined by foreigners dressed in innocent pseudo-religious garb".<sup id="cite_ref-ramet_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ramet-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toward_the_Jews">Toward the Jews</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patriarch_Miron_of_Romania&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Toward the Jews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early during his tenure as Patriarch, Cristea supported tolerance towards the Jewish people. For instance, in 1928, he made an appeal towards the Romanian students to observe the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Rule" title="Golden Rule">Golden Rule</a> and he expressed regrets for attacks and profanations of synagogues.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobituary_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobituary-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1930s, as the Fascist <a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard" title="Iron Guard">Iron Guard</a> rose in popularity, initially, Cristea's position towards them was of acceptance, especially since their program included loyalty to Orthodoxism. Many Orthodox priests were attracted by the movement and it was common that their banners were blessed in churches.<sup id="cite_ref-spicer_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spicer-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1937, Cristea realized that the Iron Guard was decreasing the loyalty of both the Orthodox Christians and the lower-ranked clergy to the church hierarchy and began to oppose the Guard, while adopting their <a href="/wiki/Anti-semitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-semitism">antisemitic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">xenophobic</a> rhetoric:<sup id="cite_ref-spicer_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spicer-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he supported the revocation of the Romanian citizenship for Jewish people and their deportation, the Jews being in his opinion the major obstacle in "assuring preponderant rights to ethnic Romanians".<sup id="cite_ref-Oldson_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oldson-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 August 1937, he issued a statement which called the Romanian nation "to fight the Jewish parasites"<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who spread "epidemics of corruption" throughout Romania and that the Romanians have "a national and patriotic duty" to protect themselves against the Jews:<sup id="cite_ref-Oldson_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oldson-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"The duty of a Christian is to love himself first and to see that his needs are satisfied. Only then can he help his neighbor. . . . Why should we not get rid of these parasites [Jews] who suck Romanian Christian blood? It is logical and holy to react against them."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In 1938, during a meeting with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Fabricius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Fabricius (page does not exist)">Wilhelm Fabricius</a>, the German ambassador, Cristea praised the antisemitic policy conducted by Nazi Germany and supporting such a policy in Romania,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the British Ambassador wrote in his report to London that "Nothing would induce him [i.e., Cristea] to talk about anything but the Jewish problem."<sup id="cite_ref-Oldson_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oldson-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patriarch_Miron_of_Romania&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miron_Cristea_2018_stamp_of_Romania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Miron_Cristea_2018_stamp_of_Romania.jpg/220px-Miron_Cristea_2018_stamp_of_Romania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Miron_Cristea_2018_stamp_of_Romania.jpg/330px-Miron_Cristea_2018_stamp_of_Romania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Miron_Cristea_2018_stamp_of_Romania.jpg/440px-Miron_Cristea_2018_stamp_of_Romania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1139" data-file-height="785" /></a><figcaption>Miron on a 2018 stamp of Romania</figcaption></figure> <p>His birthplace home in <a href="/wiki/Topli%C8%9Ba" title="Toplița">Toplița</a> is currently a museum dedicated to his life. Each year, on Cristea's birthday, the Romanian Orthodox Patriarchate organizes the "Miron Cristea Days", dedicated to the first patriarch of the Church and which feature various cultural activities.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2010, the <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Romania" title="National Bank of Romania">National Bank of Romania</a> minted a commemorative coin bearing Cristea's image as a part of a collectors' series of five coins showing the <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_All_Romania" title="Patriarch of All Romania">Patriarchs of All Romania</a>. In response, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radu_Ioanid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radu Ioanid (page does not exist)">Radu Ioanid</a>, international archives director at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a>, called for the coin be withdrawn.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 20 August, the National Bank of Romania announced that it would not withdraw the Cristea coin.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Patriarch Miron was awarded <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Kara%C4%91or%C4%91e%27s_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Karađorđe's Star">Order of Karađorđe's Star</a> by Serbia.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patriarch_Miron_of_Romania&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nytobituary-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytobituary_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobituary_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobituary_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobituary_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobituary_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobituary_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobituary_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobituary_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Patriarch Cristea of Rumania dies", <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>, 7 March 1939; p. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iancu-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iancu_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iancu_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iancu_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iancu_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gheorghe Iancu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-cluj.ro/Istorie/anuare/AnuarBaritHistorica2007/08.Gh.Iancu.Membrii%20transilvaneni%20ai%20Academiei%20Romane.pdf">"Membrii transilvăneni ai Academiei Române (sesiunea 1919)"</a>, in <i>Anuarul Institutului de Istorie "George Bariţiu"</i>, Editura Academiei Române, 2007, ISSN 1584-4390 p. 73 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181955/http://www.history-cluj.ro/Istorie/anuare/AnuarBaritHistorica2007/08.Gh.Iancu.Membrii%20transilvaneni%20ai%20Academiei%20Romane.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-03-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dtr-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dtr_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dtr_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dtr_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mircea Păcurariu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biserica.org/WhosWho/DTR/C/MironCristea.html">"Miron Cristea"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071009024708/http://biserica.org/WhosWho/DTR/C/MironCristea.html">Archived</a> 9 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, entry in <i>Dicționarul Teologilor Români</i>, Editura Univers Enciclopedic, Bucharest, 1996 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/973-97391-4-8" title="Special:BookSources/973-97391-4-8">973-97391-4-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anton Drăgoiescu (editor), "Politică, biserică și școală la sașii ardeleni în perioada dualismului (1867–1918)", in <i>Istoria Transilvaniei</i>, Editura "George Barițiu", Cluj-Napoca, 1999, p. 248</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Octavian_Paler" title="Octavian Paler">Octavian Paler</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.cotidianul.ro/intrebari_la_care_nu_voiam_sa_ajung-9908.html">"Întrebări la care nu voiam să ajung"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726050924/http://old.cotidianul.ro/intrebari_la_care_nu_voiam_sa_ajung-9908.html">Archived</a> 26 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/Cotidianul" title="Cotidianul">Cotidianul</a></i>, 4 April 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mircea Păcurariu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itcnet.ro/history/archive/mi1999/current1/m35.htm">"Slujitorii altarului și Marea Unire"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081003105630/http://www.itcnet.ro/history/archive/mi1999/current1/m35.htm">Archived</a> 3 October 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/Magazin_Istoric" title="Magazin Istoric">Magazin Istoric</a></i>, no. 1 / 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leustean-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-leustean_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leustean_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leustean_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leustean_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leustean_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lucian Leuștean, <i>Orthodoxy and the Cold War</i>, <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>, 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-21801-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-21801-7">978-0-230-21801-7</a>, pp. 39–41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-adevarul-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-adevarul_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adevarul_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adevarul_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20110522160834/http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/patriarhii-care-au-facut-politica-domnului-uneori-si-pe-cea-a-romaniei/3216471">"Patriarhii care au făcut politica Domnului, uneori și pe cea a României"</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/Adev%C4%83rul" title="Adevărul">Adevărul</a></i>, 4 August 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-patimile-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-patimile_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-patimile_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-patimile_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130416112808/http://www.evz.ro/articole/detalii-articol/637783/Patimile-Bisericii-Ortodoxe-de-Stil-Vechi/">"Patimile Bisericii Ortodoxe de Stil Vechi"</a>, <i>Evenimentul Zilei</i>, 4 January 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101027182611/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,929378,00.html">"Speech from the Throne"</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/Time_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Magazine">Time Magazine</a></i>, 7 January 1929</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keith Hitchins, <i>Rumania : 1866–1947 (Oxford History of Modern Europe)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1994 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-822126-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-822126-6">0-19-822126-6</a> p. 413</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Edit Bucharest paper with pistols handy", <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 20 April 1926, p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dan Ciachir, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ziua.ro/display.php?data=2007-02-03&id=215265&kword=miron+cristea">Istoria presei</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ziua" title="Ziua">Ziua</a></i>, 3 February 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Roumania Patriarch Feared Near Death", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>, 16 September 1929, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ioan Scurtu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itcnet.ro/history/archive/mi2000/current11/mi11.htm">"Principele Nicolae așa cum a fost"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926231116/http://www.itcnet.ro/history/archive/mi2000/current11/mi11.htm">Archived</a> 26 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/Magazin_Istoric" title="Magazin Istoric">Magazin Istoric</a></i>, no. 11 / 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-finalreport-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-finalreport_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-finalreport_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inshr-ew.ro/pdf/Final_Report.pdf"><i>Final Report</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070629095556/http://www.inshr-ew.ro/pdf/Final_Report.pdf">Archived</a> 29 June 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Wiesel_Commission" title="Wiesel Commission">International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polirom" title="Polirom">Polirom</a>, Iași, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/973-681-989-2" title="Special:BookSources/973-681-989-2">973-681-989-2</a> p. 25-26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Patriarch forms cabinet as anti-semitic regime of Goga falls in Rumania", <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 11 February 1938, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-time24apr-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-time24apr_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-time24apr_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-time24apr_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081214220242/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,883212,00.html">"Noble Gesture"</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>, 24 April 1939</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Rothschild, <i>East Central Europe Between the Two World Wars</i>, 1990 <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington_Press" title="University of Washington Press">University of Washington Press</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-295-95357-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-295-95357-8">0-295-95357-8</a> p. 311</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alina_Mungiu-Pippidi" title="Alina Mungiu-Pippidi">Alina Mungiu-Pippidi</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.nyu.edu/eecr/vol7num2/feature/rulerpatriarch.html">"The Ruler and the Patriarch: The Romanian Eastern Orthodox Church in Transition"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080908002422/http://www.law.nyu.edu/eecr/vol7num2/feature/rulerpatriarch.html">Archived</a> 8 September 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>East European Constitutional Review</i>, Volume 7 Number 2, Spring 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Carol names body to draft chapter of people's rights", <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 13 February 1938, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WP12feb-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WP12feb_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WP12feb_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">AP, "Rumania Seeking to Patch Up Alliance With France, Britain", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>, 12 February 1938, p. X1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Polish-Rumanian staff talks: Common defence", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Manchester_Guardian" class="mw-redirect" title="The Manchester Guardian">The Manchester Guardian</a></i>, 31 May 1938, p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Rumania Made a Fascist State by King's Edict", <i>Chicago Daily Tribune</i>, 21 February 1938, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"King Carol's Romania: Recent Steps on the Path to a Royal Dictatorship; Measures against the Jews", in <i><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Guardian" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester Guardian">Manchester Guardian</a></i>, 31 March 1938, p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Rumanian Cabinet Resigns to Form New Government", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a></i>, 30 March 1938, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adrian Majuru, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lett.ubbcluj.ro/~echinox/caiete4/08.htm"><i>Romanians and Hungarians. Legislation, everyday life and stereotypes in interwar Transilvania</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070126085110/http://www.lett.ubbcluj.ro/~echinox/caiete4/08.htm">Archived</a> 26 January 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Babe%C8%99-Bolyai_University" title="Babeș-Bolyai University">Babeș-Bolyai University</a> site</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Rumanian Cabinet Gives Fascist Salute to Carol", <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 2 January 1939, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Rumanian Premier Very Ill" in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> 1 February 1939, pg. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Shifts in Rumanian Cabinet Extend Authoritarian Rule", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a></i>, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Rumania will honor body of patriarch" in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> 8 March 1939, pg. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Obituary", <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 15 March 1939; p. 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spicer-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-spicer_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spicer_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spicer_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spicer_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul A. Shapiro, <i>Faith, Murder, Resurrection: The Iron Guard and the Romanian Orthodox Church</i>, in Kevin P. Spicer, <i>Antisemitism, Christian Ambivalence, and the Holocaust</i>, 2007, Indiana University Press pp. 147–150</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Death of Premier of Romania", in <i><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Guardian" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester Guardian">Manchester Guardian</a></i>, 7 March 1939, page 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Rumanian Patriarch to be Primate's Guest", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Manchester_Guardian" class="mw-redirect" title="The Manchester Guardian">The Manchester Guardian</a></i> 5 June 1936, p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Catherine Durandin <i>Orthodoxie et Roumanité: Le débat de l'entre deux guerres</i>, in <i>Rumanian studies 1980–1986</i>, E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1986 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-07599-2" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-07599-2">90-04-07599-2</a> p. 116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Concordat approved by Rumanian Senate", in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 27 May 1929, pg. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ken Parry et al., <i>The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity</i>, 2001, Wiley-Blackwell, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-23203-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-23203-6">0-631-23203-6</a> p. 355</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ramet-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ramet_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sabrina P. Ramet, <i>Protestantism and politics in eastern Europe and Russia: the communist and postcommunist eras</i>, Duke University Press, 1992, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-1241-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8223-1241-7">0-8223-1241-7</a> pp. 177–178</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oldson-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oldson_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oldson_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oldson_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_O._Oldson2002" class="citation journal cs1">William O. Oldson (September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200815113124/https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-93085761/alibi-for-prejudice-eastern-orthodoxy-the-holocaust">"Alibi for prejudice: Eastern Orthodoxy, the Holocaust, and Romanian nationalism"</a>. <i>East European Quarterly</i>. <b>36</b> (3): 303–304. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-93085761/alibi-for-prejudice-eastern-orthodoxy-the-holocaust">the original</a> on 15 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=East+European+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Alibi+for+prejudice%3A+Eastern+Orthodoxy%2C+the+Holocaust%2C+and+Romanian+nationalism&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=303-304&rft.date=2002-09&rft.au=William+O.+Oldson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Flibrary%2Fjournal%2F1G1-93085761%2Falibi-for-prejudice-eastern-orthodoxy-the-holocaust&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatriarch+Miron+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johan Martinus Snoek, <i>The Grey Book. A Collection of Protests against antisemitism and the Persecution of Jews issued by Non-Roman Catholic Churches and Church Leaders during Hitler's Rule</i>, Van Gorcum & Comp, Assen, 1969 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14764/14764.txt">Guttenberg text</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100724004206/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,759391,00.html">"Logical & Holy"</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Time_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Magazine">Time Magazine</a></i>, March 28, 1938</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Brustein, <i>Roots of Hate: Anti-Semitism in Europe Before the Holocaust</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-77478-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-77478-0">0-521-77478-0</a> p. 70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ziarullumina.ro/articole;1123;1;1213;0;Manifestari-dedicate-patriarhului-Miron-Cristea.html">"Manifestări dedicate patriarhului Miron Cristea"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721093336/http://www.ziarullumina.ro/articole;1123;1;1213;0;Manifestari-dedicate-patriarhului-Miron-Cristea.html">Archived</a> 21 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in <i>Ziarul Lumina</i>, 19 July 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-10896758">"Romania bank to review 'anti-Semitic' Cristea coin"</a>, BBC Online, 6 August 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/1.5102462">Romania: We Will Not Withdraw Coin Depicting anti-Semitic Leader</a>, haaretz.com, 20 August 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcović2012" class="citation book cs1">Acović, Dragomir (2012). <i>Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima</i>. Belgrade: Službeni Glasnik. p. 363.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slava+i+%C4%8Dast%3A+Odlikovanja+me%C4%91u+Srbima%2C+Srbi+me%C4%91u+odlikovanjima&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pages=363&rft.pub=Slu%C5%BEbeni+Glasnik&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Acovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Dragomir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatriarch+Miron+of+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patriarch_Miron_of_Romania&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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Economics">ZBW</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Conon_Ar%C4%83mescu-Donici" title="Conon Arămescu-Donici">Conon Arămescu-Donici</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_All_Romania" title="Patriarch of All Romania">Metropolitan of All Romania</a> </b><br />1919–1925 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Title Renamed </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_All_Romania" title="Patriarch of All Romania">Patriarch of All Romania</a> </b><br />1925–1939 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nicodim_Munteanu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicodim Munteanu">Nicodim Munteanu</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Octavian_Goga" title="Octavian Goga">Octavian Goga</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a> </b><br />1938–1939 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Armand_C%C4%83linescu" title="Armand Călinescu">Armand Călinescu</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div 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href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calinic_Miclescu" class="extiw" title="ro:Calinic Miclescu">ro</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iosif_Gheorghian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iosif Gheorghian (page does not exist)">Iosif Gheorghian</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosif_Gheorghian" class="extiw" title="ro:Iosif Gheorghian">ro</a>]</span> (first time)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghenadie_Petrescu" title="Ghenadie Petrescu">Ghenadie Petrescu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iosif_Gheorghian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iosif Gheorghian (page does not exist)">Iosif Gheorghian</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosif_Gheorghian" class="extiw" title="ro:Iosif Gheorghian">ro</a>]</span> (second time)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atanasie_Mironescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atanasie Mironescu (page does not exist)">Atanasie Mironescu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanasie_Mironescu" class="extiw" title="ro:Atanasie Mironescu">ro</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conon_Ar%C4%83mescu-Donici" title="Conon Arămescu-Donici">Conon Arămescu-Donici</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miron Cristea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miron Cristea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Nicodim_of_Romania" title="Patriarch Nicodim of Romania">Nicodim Munteanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Justinian_of_Romania" title="Patriarch Justinian of Romania">Justinian Marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Iustin_of_Romania" title="Patriarch Iustin of Romania">Iustin Moisescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teoctist_Ar%C4%83pa%C8%99u" title="Teoctist Arăpașu">Teoctist Arăpașu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Daniel_of_Romania" title="Patriarch Daniel of Romania">Daniel Ciobotea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_Ministers_of_Romania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Romania" title="Template:Prime ministers of Romania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_Romania" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of Romania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Romania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of Romania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_Ministers_of_Romania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Ministers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Romania" title="List of heads of government of Romania">List of heads of government of Romania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia">United Principalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbu_Catargiu" title="Barbu Catargiu">B. Catargiu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apostol_Arsache" title="Apostol Arsache">Arsache</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Nicolae Crețulescu">N. Crețulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Kog%C4%83lniceanu" title="Mihail Kogălniceanu">Kogălniceanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Bosianu" title="Constantin Bosianu">Bosianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Nicolae Crețulescu">N. Crețulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica">I. Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">L. Catargiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica">I. Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_A._Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Constantin A. Crețulescu">C. Crețulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Golescu" title="Ștefan Golescu">Ș. Golescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Golescu" title="Nicolae Golescu">N. Golescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Ghica" title="Dimitrie Ghica">D. Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_G._Golescu" title="Alexandru G. Golescu">A. Golescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manolache_Costache_Epureanu" title="Manolache Costache Epureanu">Epureanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica">I. Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">L. Catargiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Emanuel_Florescu" title="Ion Emanuel Florescu">Florescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manolache_Costache_Epureanu" title="Manolache Costache Epureanu">Epureanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion C. Brătianu">Ion C. Brătianu</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Prime Minister of Romania"><img alt="Flag of the Prime Minister of Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Romania.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Romania.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Romania.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion C. Brătianu">Ion C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Br%C4%83tianu" title="Dimitrie Brătianu">D. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion C. Brătianu">Ion C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Rosetti" title="Theodor Rosetti">Rosetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">L. Catargiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Manu" title="Gheorghe Manu">Manu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Emanuel_Florescu" title="Ion Emanuel Florescu">Florescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">L. Catargiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Sturdza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_S._Aurelian" title="Petre S. Aurelian">Aurelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Sturdza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Grigore_Cantacuzino" title="Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino">Cantacuzino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_P._Carp" title="Petre P. Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Sturdza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Grigore_Cantacuzino" title="Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino"> Cantacuzino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Sturdza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_P._Carp" title="Petre P. Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titu_Maiorescu" title="Titu Maiorescu">Maiorescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Averescu" title="Alexandru Averescu">Averescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Marghiloman" title="Alexandru Marghiloman"> Marghiloman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Coand%C4%83" title="Constantin Coandă">Coandă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_V%C4%83itoianu" title="Artur Văitoianu">Văitoianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Vaida-Voevod" title="Alexandru Vaida-Voevod">Vaida-Voevod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Averescu" title="Alexandru Averescu">Averescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take_Ionescu" title="Take Ionescu">Ionescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Averescu" title="Alexandru Averescu">Averescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbu_%C8%98tirbey" title="Barbu Știrbey">Știrbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_I._C._Br%C4%83tianu" title="Ion I. C. Brătianu">Ion I. C. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintil%C4%83_Br%C4%83tianu" title="Vintilă Brătianu"> V. Brătianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iuliu_Maniu" title="Iuliu Maniu">Maniu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Mironescu" title="Gheorghe Mironescu">Mironescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iuliu_Maniu" title="Iuliu Maniu">Maniu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Mironescu" title="Gheorghe Mironescu">Mironescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Iorga" title="Nicolae Iorga">Iorga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Vaida-Voevod" title="Alexandru Vaida-Voevod">Vaida-Voevod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iuliu_Maniu" title="Iuliu Maniu">Maniu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Vaida-Voevod" title="Alexandru Vaida-Voevod">Vaida-Voevod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_G._Duca" title="Ion G. Duca">Duca</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Angelescu" title="Constantin Angelescu">Angelescu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_T%C4%83t%C4%83rescu" title="Gheorghe Tătărescu">Tătărescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octavian_Goga" title="Octavian Goga">Goga</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cristea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_C%C4%83linescu" title="Armand Călinescu">Călinescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Arge%C8%99anu" title="Gheorghe Argeșanu">Argeșanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Argetoianu" title="Constantin Argetoianu">Argetoianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_T%C4%83t%C4%83rescu" title="Gheorghe Tătărescu">Tătărescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Gigurtu" title="Ion Gigurtu">Gigurtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Antonescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_S%C4%83n%C4%83tescu" title="Constantin Sănătescu">Sănătescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_R%C4%83descu" title="Nicolae Rădescu">Rădescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petru_Groza" title="Petru Groza">Groza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">R.P.R.—R.S.R.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petru_Groza" title="Petru Groza">Groza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Gheorghiu-Dej" title="Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej">Gheorghiu-Dej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chivu_Stoica" title="Chivu Stoica">Stoica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Gheorghe_Maurer" title="Ion Gheorghe Maurer">Maurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manea_M%C4%83nescu" title="Manea Mănescu">Mănescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilie_Verde%C8%9B" title="Ilie Verdeț">Verdeț</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_D%C4%83sc%C4%83lescu" title="Constantin Dăscălescu">Dăscălescu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania_(1989%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Romania (1989–present)">Romania since 1989</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petre_Roman" title="Petre Roman">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Stolojan" title="Theodor Stolojan">Stolojan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu">Văcăroiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ciorbea" title="Victor Ciorbea">Ciorbea</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gavril_Dejeu" title="Gavril Dejeu">Dejeu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radu_Vasile" title="Radu Vasile">Vasile</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Athanasiu" title="Alexandru Athanasiu">Athanasiu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugur_Is%C4%83rescu" title="Mugur Isărescu">Isărescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_N%C4%83stase" title="Adrian Năstase">Năstase</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Bejinariu" title="Eugen Bejinariu">Bejinariu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83lin_Popescu-T%C4%83riceanu" title="Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu">Popescu-Tăriceanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Boc" title="Emil Boc">Boc</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lin_Predoiu" title="Cătălin Predoiu">Predoiu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_R%C4%83zvan_Ungureanu" title="Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu">Ungureanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ponta" title="Victor Ponta">Ponta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Oprea" title="Gabriel Oprea">Oprea</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ponta" title="Victor Ponta">Ponta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Oprea" title="Gabriel Oprea">Oprea</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ponta" title="Victor Ponta">Ponta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sorin_C%C3%AEmpeanu" title="Sorin Cîmpeanu">Cîmpeanu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_Ciolo%C8%99" title="Dacian Cioloș">Cioloș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorin_Grindeanu" title="Sorin Grindeanu">Grindeanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Tudose" title="Mihai Tudose">Tudose</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Fifor" title="Mihai Fifor">Fifor</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viorica_D%C4%83ncil%C4%83" title="Viorica Dăncilă">Dăncilă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludovic_Orban" title="Ludovic Orban">Orban</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ciuc%C4%83" title="Nicolae Ciucă">Ciucă</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florin_C%C3%AE%C8%9Bu" title="Florin Cîțu">Cîțu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ciuc%C4%83" title="Nicolae Ciucă">Ciucă</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lin_Predoiu" title="Cătălin Predoiu">Predoiu</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Ciolacu" title="Marcel Ciolacu">Ciolacu</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Ad_interim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad interim">ad interim</a>/<a href="/wiki/Acting_(law)" title="Acting (law)">acting</a> office holders. <b>Bold</b> indicates current office holder.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_of_Romania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_of_Romania" title="Template:Heads of state of Romania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_of_Romania" title="Template talk:Heads of state of Romania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_of_Romania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state of Romania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_of_Romania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Romania" title="List of heads of state of Romania">Heads of state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heads_of_state_of_Romania" title="Category:Heads of state of Romania">Heads of state of Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_Romania" title="Category:Presidents of Romania">Presidents of Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Romanian_monarchs" title="Category:Romanian monarchs">Romanian monarchs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia">United Principalities of Romania</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Domnitor" title="Domnitor"><i>Domnitor</i> of Romania</a> (1862–1881)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">1862–1866</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza">Alexandru Ioan Cuza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princely_Lieutenancy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princely Lieutenancy (page does not exist)">Princely Lieutenancy</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locotenen%C8%9Ba_Domneasc%C4%83_(1866)" class="extiw" title="ro:Locotenența Domnească (1866)">ro</a>]</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">Lascăr Catargiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Golescu" title="Nicolae Golescu">Nicolae Golescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Haralambie" title="Nicolae Haralambie">Nicolae Haralambie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">1866–1881</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a><br /><a href="/wiki/King_of_Romania" title="King of Romania">King of Romania</a> (1881–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">1881–1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">1914–1927</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Romania" title="Ferdinand I of Romania">Ferdinand I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">1927–1930</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_I_of_Romania" title="Michael I of Romania">Michael I</a> <ul><li>under regents <a href="/wiki/Prince_Nicholas_of_Romania" title="Prince Nicholas of Romania">Prince Nicholas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miron Cristea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Buzdugan" title="Gheorghe Buzdugan">Gheorghe Buzdugan</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantin_S%C4%83r%C4%83%C5%A3eanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantin Sărăţeanu (page does not exist)">Constantin Sărăţeanu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_S%C4%83r%C4%83%C5%A3eanu" class="extiw" title="ro:Constantin Sărăţeanu">ro</a>]</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">1930–1940</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_II_of_Romania" title="Carol II of Romania">Carol II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;">1940–1947</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_I_of_Romania" title="Michael I of Romania">Michael I</a> <ul><li>with <a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Ion Antonescu</a> as <i><a href="/wiki/Conduc%C4%83tor" title="Conducător">Conducător</a></i> between 1940 and 1944</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_People%27s_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian People's Republic">Romanian People's Republic</a> (1947–65)<br /><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Socialist Republic of Romania</a><br />(1965–89)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidium_of_the_Republic_(Romania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidium of the Republic (Romania) (page does not exist)">Provisional Presidium of the Republic</a> (1947–1948)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Ion_Parhon" title="Constantin Ion Parhon">Constantin Ion Parhon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Niculi" title="Ion Niculi">Ion Niculi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Sadoveanu" title="Mihail Sadoveanu">Mihail Sadoveanu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe_Stere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gheorghe Stere (page does not exist)">Gheorghe Stere</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gheorghe_Stere" class="extiw" title="ro:Gheorghe Stere">ro</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Voitec" title="Ștefan Voitec">Ștefan Voitec</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Great_National_Assembly_(Socialist_Republic_of_Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Great National Assembly (Socialist Republic of Romania)">Presidium of the Great National Assembly</a> (1948–1961)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Ion_Parhon" title="Constantin Ion Parhon">Constantin Ion Parhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petru_Groza" title="Petru Groza">Petru Groza</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Sadoveanu" title="Mihail Sadoveanu">Mihail Sadoveanu</a> & <a href="/wiki/Anton_Moisescu" title="Anton Moisescu">Anton Moisescu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Gheorghe_Maurer" title="Ion Gheorghe Maurer">Ion Gheorghe Maurer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_Romania" title="State Council of Romania">State Council</a> (1961–1974)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Gheorghiu-Dej" title="Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej">Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chivu_Stoica" title="Chivu Stoica">Chivu Stoica</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ion_Gheorghe_Maurer" title="Ion Gheorghe Maurer">Ion Gheorghe Maurer</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C8%98tefan_Voitec" title="Ștefan Voitec">Ștefan Voitec</a> & <a href="/wiki/Avram_Bunaciu" title="Avram Bunaciu">Avram Bunaciu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">President of SR Romania</a> (1974–1989)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania_(1989%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Romania (1989–present)">Post–1989 Romania</a><br /><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">President of Romania</a> (1989–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Iliescu" title="Ion Iliescu">Ion Iliescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Constantinescu" title="Emil Constantinescu">Emil Constantinescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Iliescu" title="Ion Iliescu">Ion Iliescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traian_B%C4%83sescu" title="Traian Băsescu">Traian Băsescu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_V%C4%83c%C4%83roiu" title="Nicolae Văcăroiu">Nicolae Văcăroiu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traian_B%C4%83sescu" title="Traian Băsescu">Traian Băsescu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crin_Antonescu" title="Crin Antonescu">Crin Antonescu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traian_B%C4%83sescu" title="Traian Băsescu">Traian Băsescu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Klaus Iohannis</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate interim officeholders. <b>Bold</b> indicates incumbent/current officeholder.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_Cristea_cabinet_(2_February_1938_–_30_March_1938)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_Cristea_Cabinet" title="Template:First Cristea Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_Cristea_Cabinet" title="Template talk:First Cristea Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_Cristea_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First Cristea Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Cristea_cabinet_(2_February_1938_–_30_March_1938)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/First_Cristea_cabinet" title="First Cristea cabinet">First Cristea cabinet</a> (2 February 1938 – 30 March 1938)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miron Cristea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Averescu" title="Alexandru Averescu">Alexandru Averescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_V%C4%83itoianu" title="Artur Văitoianu">Artur Văitoianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Vaida-Voevod" title="Alexandru Vaida-Voevod">Alexandru Vaida-Voevod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Iorga" title="Nicolae Iorga">Nicolae Iorga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Angelescu" title="Constantin Angelescu">Constantin Anghelescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_T%C4%83t%C4%83rescu" title="Gheorghe Tătărescu">Gheorghe Tătărescu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armand_C%C4%83linescu" title="Armand Călinescu">Armand Călinescu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Administration_and_Interior_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Administration and Interior (Romania)">Interior</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_T%C4%83t%C4%83rescu" title="Gheorghe Tătărescu">Gheorghe Tătărescu</a></i> (External Affairs)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mircea_Cancicov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mircea Cancicov (page does not exist)">Mircea Cancicov</a> (Finances)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mircea_Cancicov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mircea Cancicov (page does not exist)">Mircea Cancicov</a></i> (Justice)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Iamandi" title="Victor Iamandi">Victor Iamandi</a> (National Education)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Victor_Iamandi" title="Victor Iamandi">Victor Iamandi</a></i> (Religious Affairs and Arts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Ion Antonescu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defence_(Romania)" title="Ministry of National Defence (Romania)">National Defence</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Ion Antonescu</a></i> (Air and Marine)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Argetoianu" title="Constantin Argetoianu">Constantin Argetoianu</a> (Agriculture, Domains and Cooperatives)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Angelescu" title="Constantin Angelescu">Constantin Anghelescu</a> (Public Works and Communications)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voicu_Ni%C5%A3escu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voicu Niţescu (page does not exist)">Voicu Niţescu</a> (Labour)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_Costinescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ion Costinescu (page does not exist)">Ion Costinescu</a> (Labour, Health and Social Protection)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Undersecretaries of State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Petrescu-Comnen" title="Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen">Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen</a> (External Affairs)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Teodorescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Teodorescu (page does not exist)">Paul Teodorescu</a> (National Defence)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Second_Cristea_cabinet_(30_March_1938_–_1_February_1939)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Second_Cristea_Cabinet" title="Template:Second Cristea Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Second_Cristea_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Second Cristea Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Second_Cristea_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Second Cristea Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Second_Cristea_cabinet_(30_March_1938_–_1_February_1939)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Second_Cristea_cabinet" title="Second Cristea cabinet">Second Cristea cabinet</a> (30 March 1938 – 1 February 1939)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miron Cristea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armand_C%C4%83linescu" title="Armand Călinescu">Armand Călinescu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Administration_and_Interior_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Administration and Interior (Romania)">Interior</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Petrescu-Comnen" title="Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen">Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Grigore_Gafencu" title="Grigore Gafencu">Grigore Gafencu</a> (External Affairs)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mircea_Cancicov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mircea Cancicov (page does not exist)">Mircea Cancicov</a> (Finances)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Iamandi" title="Victor Iamandi">Victor Iamandi</a> (Justice)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Colan" title="Nicolae Colan">Nicolae Colan</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Armand_C%C4%83linescu" title="Armand Călinescu">Armand Călinescu</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Petre_Andrei" title="Petre Andrei">Petre Andrei</a> (National Education)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Colan" title="Nicolae Colan">Nicolae Colan</a> (Religious Affairs and Arts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Arge%C8%99anu" title="Gheorghe Argeșanu">Gheorghe Argeșanu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ciuperc%C4%83" title="Nicolae Ciupercă">Nicolae G. Ciupercă</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defence_(Romania)" title="Ministry of National Defence (Romania)">National Defence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Teodorescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Teodorescu (page does not exist)">Paul Teodorescu</a> (Air and Marine)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iosif_Iacobici" title="Iosif Iacobici">Iosif Iacobici</a> (Armament Endowment)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Ionescu-Sise%C8%99ti" title="Gheorghe Ionescu-Sisești">Gheorghe Ionescu-Sisești</a> (Agriculture, Domains and Cooperatives)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miti%C8%9B%C4%83_Constantinescu" title="Mitiță Constantinescu">Mitiță Constantinescu</a> (Industry and Commerce/National Economy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Ghelmegeanu" title="Mihail Ghelmegeanu">Mihail Ghelmegeanu</a> (Public Works and Communications)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Ralea" title="Mihai Ralea">Mihai Ralea</a> (Labour)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Armand_C%C4%83linescu" title="Armand Călinescu">Armand Călinescu</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Marinescu" title="Nicolae Marinescu">Nicolae Marinescu</a> (Labour, Health and Social Protection)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Undersecretaries of State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mihail_M%C4%83gureanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mihail Măgureanu (page does not exist)">Mihail Măgureanu</a> (Government Presidency)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugen_Titeanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugen Titeanu (page does not exist)">Eugen Titeanu</a> (Interior for Press and Information)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dumitru_V._%C8%9Aoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dumitru V. Țoni (page does not exist)">Dumitru V. Țoni</a> (National Education)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nae_Popescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nae Popescu (page does not exist)">Nae Popescu</a> (Religious Affairs and Arts)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandru_Glatz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandru Glatz (page does not exist)">Alexandru Glatz</a> (National Defence)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Third_Cristea_cabinet_(1_February_1939_–_28_September_1939)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Third_Cristea_Cabinet" title="Template:Third Cristea Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Third_Cristea_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Third Cristea Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Third_Cristea_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Third Cristea Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Third_Cristea_cabinet_(1_February_1939_–_28_September_1939)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_Cristea_cabinet" title="Third Cristea cabinet">Third Cristea cabinet</a> (1 February 1939 – 28 September 1939)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prime Minister</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miron Cristea</a> / <a href="/wiki/Armand_C%C4%83linescu" title="Armand Călinescu">Armand Călinescu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Arge%C8%99anu" title="Gheorghe Argeșanu">Gheorghe Argeșanu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deputy Prime Minister</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armand_C%C4%83linescu" title="Armand Călinescu">Armand Călinescu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armand_C%C4%83linescu" title="Armand Călinescu">Armand Călinescu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Marinescu" title="Gabriel Marinescu">Gabriel Marinescu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Administration_and_Interior_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Administration and Interior (Romania)">Interior</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigore_Gafencu" title="Grigore Gafencu">Grigore Gafencu</a> (External Affairs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miti%C8%9B%C4%83_Constantinescu" title="Mitiță Constantinescu">Mitiță Constantinescu</a> (Finances)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Iamandi" title="Victor Iamandi">Victor Iamandi</a> (Justice)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_Andrei" title="Petre Andrei">Petre Andrei</a> (National Education)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolae_Zegre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolae Zegre (page does not exist)">Nicolae Zegre</a> (Religious Affairs and Arts)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Armand_C%C4%83linescu" title="Armand Călinescu">Armand Călinescu</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Ioan_Ilcu%C8%99" title="Ioan Ilcuș">Ioan Ilcuș</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defence_(Romania)" title="Ministry of National Defence (Romania)">National Defence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Teodorescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Teodorescu (page does not exist)">Paul Teodorescu</a> (Air and Marine)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Sl%C4%83vescu" title="Victor Slăvescu">Victor Slăvescu</a> (Armament Endowment)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolae_D._Corn%C4%83%C5%A3eanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolae D. Cornăţeanu (page does not exist)">Nicolae D. Cornăţeanu</a> (Agriculture and Domains)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_Bujoiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ion Bujoiu (page does not exist)">Ion Bujoiu</a> (National Economy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Ghelmegeanu" title="Mihail Ghelmegeanu">Mihail Ghelmegeanu</a> (Public Works and Communications)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Ralea" title="Mihai Ralea">Mihai Ralea</a> (Labour)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Marinescu" title="Nicolae Marinescu">Nicolae Marinescu</a> (Health and Social Protection)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretaries of State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traian_Pop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traian Pop (page does not exist)">Traian Pop</a> (Public Wealth Registering)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silviu_Dragomir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silviu Dragomir (page does not exist)">Silviu Dragomir</a> (Minorities)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsecretaries of State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mihail_M%C4%83gureanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mihail Măgureanu (page does not exist)">Mihail Măgureanu</a> (Government Presidency)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Marinescu" title="Gabriel Marinescu">Gabriel Marinescu</a> (Interior)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coriolan_B%C4%83ran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coriolan Băran (page does not exist)">Coriolan Băran</a> (Interior)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugen_Titeanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugen Titeanu (page does not exist)">Eugen Titeanu</a> (Propaganda)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dumitru_V._%C8%9Aoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dumitru V. Țoni (page does not exist)">Dumitru V. Țoni</a> (National Education)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Marin_Sadoveanu" title="Ion Marin Sadoveanu">Ion Marin Sadoveanu</a> (Religious Affairs and Arts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Mihail" title="Gheorghe Mihail">Gheorghe Mihail</a> (National Defence)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mihail_%C8%98erban_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mihail Șerban (politician) (page does not exist)">Mihail Șerban</a> (Agriculture and Domains)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Jinga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Jinga (page does not exist)">Victor Jinga</a> (National Economy)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268352#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268352#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268352#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/76652043">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/188220/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJy8rdF36wwYDT3K9hQjG3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/122544757">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86060296">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15883790b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15883790b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20130415002&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810620904505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/33998">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007522779805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd122544757.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/122544757">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/144811332">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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