CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Neuroimaging Research Papers - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "by_tag", 'action': "show_one", 'controller_action': 'by_tag#show_one', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="Qk5QShHTaZ7eRw1yzHMKFGUrOvZKEbqPd4qUMYI3xQI8WjWgKZnB_B7ClCnrFCMnzYOmVuX_QAxwbHghT3I4Tg" /> <link href="/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?after=50%2C13469638" rel="next" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-2b6f90dbd75f5941bc38f4ad716615f3ac449e7398313bb3bc225fba451cd9fa.css" /> <meta name="description" content="View Neuroimaging Research Papers on Academia.edu for free." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'by_tag'; var $action_name = "show_one"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'c3e65371540394fa16a6b85de54095502b039e97'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":14103,"monthly_visitors":"103 million","monthly_visitor_count":103756156,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":103,"user_count":280814300,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1737295833000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1737295833000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-0fb6fc03c471832908791ad7ddba619b6165b3ccf7ae0f65cf933f34b0b660a7.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-2efdc2c32b2f6169a3d23607195f9ede0feb7fd3889550edb0f47f1877a4b611.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-ece822dec0187e6a017e8791d6c228e932dc25ad90fb5c11987e8316edda69e6.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging" /> </head>   <body class='c-by_tag a-show_one logged_out u-bgColorWhite'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav no-sm no-md"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <div class="DesignSystem" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="PageHeader"><div class="container"><div class="row"><style type="text/css">.sor-abstract { display: -webkit-box; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Neuroimaging</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">22,644 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Neuroimaging</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Neuroimaging">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_56190060" data-work_id="56190060" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56190060/The_Roots_of_Autism_and_ADHD_Twin_Study_in_Sweden_RATSS_">The Roots of Autism and ADHD Twin Study in Sweden (RATSS)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Neurodevelopmental disorders affect a substantial minority of the general population. Their origins are still largely unknown, but a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors causing disturbances of the central nervous... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_56190060" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Neurodevelopmental disorders affect a substantial minority of the general population. Their origins are still largely unknown, but a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors causing disturbances of the central nervous system's maturation and a variety of higher cognitive skills is presumed. Only limited research of rather small sample size and narrow scope has been conducted in neurodevelopmental disorders using a twin-differences design. The Roots of Autism and ADHD Twin Study in Sweden (RATSS) is an ongoing project targeting monozygotic twins discordant for categorical or dimensional autistic and inattentive/hyperactive-impulsive phenotypes as well as other neurodevelopmental disorders, and typically developing twin controls. Included pairs are 9 years of age or older, and comprehensively assessed for psychopathology, medical history, neuropsychology, and dysmorphology, as well as structural, functional, and molecular brain imaging. Specimens are collected for induced pluripotent (iPS) and neuroepithelial stem cells, genetic, gut bacteria, protein-/monoamine, and electron microscopy analyses. RATSS's objective is to generate a launch pad for novel surveys to understand the complexity of genotype-environmentphenotype interactions in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). By October 2013, RATSS had collected data from 55 twin pairs, among them 10 monozygotic pairs discordant for autism spectrum disorder, seven for ADHD, and four for other neurodevelopmental disorders.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/56190060" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="135dfc629dddffc5365963addfc7d868" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71697866,"asset_id":56190060,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71697866/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="100619775" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RSitkow">R. Sitkow</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="100619775" type="text/json">{"id":100619775,"first_name":"R.","last_name":"Sitkow","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RSitkow","display_name":"R. Sitkow","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RSitkow?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/100619775/22797716/21957667/s65_r..sitkow.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_56190060 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="56190060"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56190060, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_56190060", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_56190060 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56190060; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_56190060"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_56190060 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="56190060"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56190060; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56190060]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_56190060").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_56190060").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="56190060"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4212" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition">Cognition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4212" type="text/json">{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=56190060]'), work: {"id":56190060,"title":"The Roots of Autism and ADHD Twin Study in Sweden (RATSS)","created_at":"2021-10-07T00:30:32.205-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/56190060/The_Roots_of_Autism_and_ADHD_Twin_Study_in_Sweden_RATSS_?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_56190060","summary":"Neurodevelopmental disorders affect a substantial minority of the general population. Their origins are still largely unknown, but a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors causing disturbances of the central nervous system's maturation and a variety of higher cognitive skills is presumed. Only limited research of rather small sample size and narrow scope has been conducted in neurodevelopmental disorders using a twin-differences design. The Roots of Autism and ADHD Twin Study in Sweden (RATSS) is an ongoing project targeting monozygotic twins discordant for categorical or dimensional autistic and inattentive/hyperactive-impulsive phenotypes as well as other neurodevelopmental disorders, and typically developing twin controls. Included pairs are 9 years of age or older, and comprehensively assessed for psychopathology, medical history, neuropsychology, and dysmorphology, as well as structural, functional, and molecular brain imaging. Specimens are collected for induced pluripotent (iPS) and neuroepithelial stem cells, genetic, gut bacteria, protein-/monoamine, and electron microscopy analyses. RATSS's objective is to generate a launch pad for novel surveys to understand the complexity of genotype-environmentphenotype interactions in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). By October 2013, RATSS had collected data from 55 twin pairs, among them 10 monozygotic pairs discordant for autism spectrum disorder, seven for ADHD, and four for other neurodevelopmental disorders.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71697866,"asset_id":56190060,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":100619775,"first_name":"R.","last_name":"Sitkow","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RSitkow","display_name":"R. Sitkow","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RSitkow?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/100619775/22797716/21957667/s65_r..sitkow.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":44814,"name":"Sweden","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sweden?f_ri=2639"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=2639"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=2639"},{"id":213897,"name":"Phenotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenotype?f_ri=2639"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1208706,"name":"Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2467529,"name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatric_Status_Rating_Scales?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2489699,"name":"Autistic disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autistic_disorder?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2526151,"name":"Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention_deficit_disorder_with_hyperactivity?f_ri=2639"},{"id":3789883,"name":"Paediatrics and reproductive medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paediatrics_and_reproductive_medicine?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_59936848" data-work_id="59936848" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59936848/Schizophrenia_as_a_Paradigm_Case_for_Understanding_Fundamental_Human_Processes">Schizophrenia as a Paradigm Case for Understanding Fundamental Human Processes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/59936848" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="68207b96bb87d40e15c3863ba09c486c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73607629,"asset_id":59936848,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73607629/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9231784" href="https://ucsd.academia.edu/JanisHJenkins">Janis H Jenkins</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9231784" type="text/json">{"id":9231784,"first_name":"Janis","last_name":"Jenkins","domain_name":"ucsd","page_name":"JanisHJenkins","display_name":"Janis H Jenkins","profile_url":"https://ucsd.academia.edu/JanisHJenkins?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9231784/9956972/11103261/s65_janis.jenkins.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_59936848 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="59936848"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59936848, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_59936848", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_59936848 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59936848; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_59936848"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_59936848 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="59936848"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59936848; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59936848]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_59936848").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_59936848").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="59936848"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion">Emotion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="254" type="text/json">{"id":254,"name":"Emotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2923" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology">Methodology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2923" type="text/json">{"id":2923,"name":"Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3102" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coping_Strategies">Coping Strategies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3102" type="text/json">{"id":3102,"name":"Coping Strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coping_Strategies?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=59936848]'), work: {"id":59936848,"title":"Schizophrenia as a Paradigm Case for Understanding Fundamental Human Processes","created_at":"2021-10-25T10:58:22.680-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/59936848/Schizophrenia_as_a_Paradigm_Case_for_Understanding_Fundamental_Human_Processes?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_59936848","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73607629,"asset_id":59936848,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9231784,"first_name":"Janis","last_name":"Jenkins","domain_name":"ucsd","page_name":"JanisHJenkins","display_name":"Janis H Jenkins","profile_url":"https://ucsd.academia.edu/JanisHJenkins?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9231784/9956972/11103261/s65_janis.jenkins.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":254,"name":"Emotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2923,"name":"Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":3102,"name":"Coping Strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coping_Strategies?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=2639"},{"id":5178,"name":"Phenomenology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenology?f_ri=2639"},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=2639"},{"id":7742,"name":"Glass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glass?f_ri=2639"},{"id":18174,"name":"Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language?f_ri=2639"},{"id":31697,"name":"Self","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self?f_ri=2639"},{"id":43890,"name":"Culture Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture_Theory?f_ri=2639"},{"id":53166,"name":"Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power?f_ri=2639"},{"id":61922,"name":"Agency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agency?f_ri=2639"},{"id":65256,"name":"Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Outcome?f_ri=2639"},{"id":72938,"name":"Placebo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Placebo?f_ri=2639"},{"id":114214,"name":"Discontinuity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discontinuity?f_ri=2639"},{"id":121291,"name":"Recovery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recovery?f_ri=2639"},{"id":432611,"name":"NASH","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NASH?f_ri=2639"},{"id":782797,"name":"George","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/George?f_ri=2639"},{"id":997643,"name":"Forrest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forrest?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26111237 coauthored" data-work_id="26111237" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26111237/The_Common_Neural_Bases_Between_Sexual_Desire_and_Love_A_Multilevel_Kernel_Density_fMRI_Analysis">The Common Neural Bases Between Sexual Desire and Love: A Multilevel Kernel Density fMRI Analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">One of the most difficult dilemmas in relationship science and couple therapy concerns the interaction between sexual desire and love. As two mental states of intense longing for union with others, sexual desire and love are, in fact,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26111237" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">One of the most difficult dilemmas in relationship science and couple therapy concerns the interaction between sexual desire and love. As two mental states of intense longing for union with others, sexual desire and love are, in fact, often difficult to disentangle from one another. Aim. The present review aims to help understand the differences and similarities between these two mental states using a comprehensive statistical meta-analyses of all functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on sexual desire and love. Methods. Systematic retrospective review of pertinent neuroimaging literature.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26111237" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="097d7da5fb96ae12040cb5b66287f56d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46457673,"asset_id":26111237,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46457673/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2165804" href="https://unige.academia.edu/httpwwwmedecineunigechrecherchegroupesbdonneessujet6924html">Francesco Bianchi-Demicheli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2165804" type="text/json">{"id":2165804,"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Bianchi-Demicheli","domain_name":"unige","page_name":"httpwwwmedecineunigechrecherchegroupesbdonneessujet6924html","display_name":"Francesco Bianchi-Demicheli","profile_url":"https://unige.academia.edu/httpwwwmedecineunigechrecherchegroupesbdonneessujet6924html?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-26111237">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-26111237"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://wvu.academia.edu/ChristopherFrum">Christopher Frum</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-26111237'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-26111237').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26111237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26111237"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26111237, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26111237", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26111237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26111237; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26111237"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26111237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26111237"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26111237; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26111237]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26111237").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26111237").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26111237"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10187" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Love">Love</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10187" type="text/json">{"id":10187,"name":"Love","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Love?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52176" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Mapping">Brain Mapping</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="52176" type="text/json">{"id":52176,"name":"Brain Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Mapping?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26111237]'), work: {"id":26111237,"title":"The Common Neural Bases Between Sexual Desire and Love: A Multilevel Kernel Density fMRI Analysis","created_at":"2016-06-13T22:38:56.397-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26111237/The_Common_Neural_Bases_Between_Sexual_Desire_and_Love_A_Multilevel_Kernel_Density_fMRI_Analysis?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_26111237","summary":"One of the most difficult dilemmas in relationship science and couple therapy concerns the interaction between sexual desire and love. As two mental states of intense longing for union with others, sexual desire and love are, in fact, often difficult to disentangle from one another. Aim. The present review aims to help understand the differences and similarities between these two mental states using a comprehensive statistical meta-analyses of all functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on sexual desire and love. Methods. Systematic retrospective review of pertinent neuroimaging literature.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46457673,"asset_id":26111237,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2165804,"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Bianchi-Demicheli","domain_name":"unige","page_name":"httpwwwmedecineunigechrecherchegroupesbdonneessujet6924html","display_name":"Francesco Bianchi-Demicheli","profile_url":"https://unige.academia.edu/httpwwwmedecineunigechrecherchegroupesbdonneessujet6924html?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":126035641,"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Frum","domain_name":"wvu","page_name":"ChristopherFrum","display_name":"Christopher Frum","profile_url":"https://wvu.academia.edu/ChristopherFrum?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":10187,"name":"Love","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Love?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":52176,"name":"Brain Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Mapping?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2639"},{"id":82954,"name":"Insula","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insula?f_ri=2639"},{"id":84236,"name":"Sexual Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Medicine?f_ri=2639"},{"id":123287,"name":"Three Dimensional Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Three_Dimensional_Imaging?f_ri=2639"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2164632,"name":"Libido","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Libido?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30138437" data-work_id="30138437" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30138437/Hypoxic_Ischemic_Encephalopathy_A_Review_for_the_Clinician">Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Review for the Clinician</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) occurs in 1 to 8 per 1000 live births in developed countries. Historically, the clinician has had little to offer neonates with HIE other than systemic supportive care. Recently, the neuroprotective... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30138437" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) occurs in 1 to 8 per 1000 live births in developed countries. Historically, the clinician has had little to offer neonates with HIE other than systemic supportive care. Recently, the neuroprotective therapy of hypothermia has emerged as the standard of care, and other complementary therapies are rapidly transitioning from the basic science to clinical care. To examine the pathophysiology of HIE and the state of the art for the clinical care of neonates with HIE. We performed a literature review using the PubMed database. Results focused on reviews and articles published from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2014. Articles published earlier than 2004 were included when appropriate for historical perspective. Our review emphasized evidence-based management practices for the clinician. A total of 102 articles for critical review were selected based on their relevance to the incidence of HIE, pathophysiology, neuroimaging, placental pathology, ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30138437" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="89a1717ef37a89e01674f2c54608a641" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50596440,"asset_id":30138437,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50596440/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57350598" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarthaDouglasEscobar">Martha Douglas-Escobar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57350598" type="text/json">{"id":57350598,"first_name":"Martha","last_name":"Douglas-Escobar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarthaDouglasEscobar","display_name":"Martha Douglas-Escobar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarthaDouglasEscobar?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30138437 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30138437"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30138437, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30138437", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30138437 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30138437; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30138437"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30138437 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30138437"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30138437; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30138437]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30138437").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30138437").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30138437"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37851" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroprotection">Neuroprotection</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37851" type="text/json">{"id":37851,"name":"Neuroprotection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroprotection?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30138437]'), work: {"id":30138437,"title":"Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Review for the Clinician","created_at":"2016-11-28T10:06:20.481-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30138437/Hypoxic_Ischemic_Encephalopathy_A_Review_for_the_Clinician?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_30138437","summary":"Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) occurs in 1 to 8 per 1000 live births in developed countries. Historically, the clinician has had little to offer neonates with HIE other than systemic supportive care. Recently, the neuroprotective therapy of hypothermia has emerged as the standard of care, and other complementary therapies are rapidly transitioning from the basic science to clinical care. To examine the pathophysiology of HIE and the state of the art for the clinical care of neonates with HIE. We performed a literature review using the PubMed database. Results focused on reviews and articles published from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2014. Articles published earlier than 2004 were included when appropriate for historical perspective. Our review emphasized evidence-based management practices for the clinician. A total of 102 articles for critical review were selected based on their relevance to the incidence of HIE, pathophysiology, neuroimaging, placental pathology, ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50596440,"asset_id":30138437,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57350598,"first_name":"Martha","last_name":"Douglas-Escobar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarthaDouglasEscobar","display_name":"Martha Douglas-Escobar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarthaDouglasEscobar?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":37851,"name":"Neuroprotection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroprotection?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":76061,"name":"Placenta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Placenta?f_ri=2639"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=2639"},{"id":568482,"name":"Biological markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_markers?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1953419,"name":"Neuroprotective Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroprotective_Agents?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2463779,"name":"Combined Modality Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combined_Modality_Therapy?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28566831" data-work_id="28566831" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28566831/Neurology_Self_Assessment_for_MRCP_UK_and_MRCP_I_">Neurology: Self-Assessment for MRCP(UK) and MRCP(I)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">NB: Out of Stock. The 2nd edition, entitled "Neurology: Self-Assessment for MRCP(UK) Neurology SCE", was published in 2023 and is found here: <a href="https://www.academia.edu/96771620/Neurology_Self_Assessment_for_MRCP_UK_Neurology_SCE" rel="nofollow">https://www.academia.edu/96771620/Neurology_Self_Assessment_for_MRCP_UK_Neurology_SCE</a>... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28566831" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">NB: Out of Stock. The 2nd edition, entitled "Neurology: Self-Assessment for MRCP(UK) Neurology SCE", was published in 2023 and is found here: <a href="https://www.academia.edu/96771620/Neurology_Self_Assessment_for_MRCP_UK_Neurology_SCE" rel="nofollow">https://www.academia.edu/96771620/Neurology_Self_Assessment_for_MRCP_UK_Neurology_SCE</a> <br />----------------------------------------------------- <br />You will find 792 questions of different formats, distributed into 3 chapters. The 215 multiple choice questions of chapter one will surf you onto a rapid review of information to consolidate your background knowledge of neuro-anatomy, neuro-physiology, neuro-pharmacology, neuro-pathology,…etc. In addition, testing the clinical aspects of various diseases is also included. Chapter two will self-assess you in terms of how to make a provisional diagnosis, what features refute or confirm your preliminary diagnosis, how to investigate, what to do next, the best treatment option, and the prognosis of various diseases. The photographic materials are found in chapter three. You will encounter various neurological complications/manifestations/signs of system diseases as well. Brain CT scan, MRI, MRV, and EEG images,…etc of common diseases will test your ability to interpret/read/analyze their diagnosis and management. About 490 pages, full-color, on white.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28566831" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3932292" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OsamaShukirMuhammedAmin">Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3932292" type="text/json">{"id":3932292,"first_name":"Osama Shukir Muhammed","last_name":"Amin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OsamaShukirMuhammedAmin","display_name":"Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OsamaShukirMuhammedAmin?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3932292/3875011/99184948/s65_osama_shukir_muhammed.amin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28566831 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28566831"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28566831, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28566831", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28566831 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28566831; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28566831"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28566831 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28566831"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28566831; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28566831]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28566831").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28566831").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28566831"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="161" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience">Neuroscience</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="161" type="text/json">{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="623" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurology">Neurology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="623" type="text/json">{"id":623,"name":"Neurology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5451" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Neuroscience">Computational Neuroscience</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5451" type="text/json">{"id":5451,"name":"Computational Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Neuroscience?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28566831]'), work: {"id":28566831,"title":"Neurology: Self-Assessment for MRCP(UK) and MRCP(I)","created_at":"2016-09-18T01:17:05.821-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28566831/Neurology_Self_Assessment_for_MRCP_UK_and_MRCP_I_?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_28566831","summary":"NB: Out of Stock. The 2nd edition, entitled \"Neurology: Self-Assessment for MRCP(UK) Neurology SCE\", was published in 2023 and is found here: https://www.academia.edu/96771620/Neurology_Self_Assessment_for_MRCP_UK_Neurology_SCE \r\n----------------------------------------------------- \r\nYou will find 792 questions of different formats, distributed into 3 chapters. The 215 multiple choice questions of chapter one will surf you onto a rapid review of information to consolidate your background knowledge of neuro-anatomy, neuro-physiology, neuro-pharmacology, neuro-pathology,…etc. In addition, testing the clinical aspects of various diseases is also included. Chapter two will self-assess you in terms of how to make a provisional diagnosis, what features refute or confirm your preliminary diagnosis, how to investigate, what to do next, the best treatment option, and the prognosis of various diseases. The photographic materials are found in chapter three. You will encounter various neurological complications/manifestations/signs of system diseases as well. Brain CT scan, MRI, MRV, and EEG images,…etc of common diseases will test your ability to interpret/read/analyze their diagnosis and management. About 490 pages, full-color, on white.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3932292,"first_name":"Osama Shukir Muhammed","last_name":"Amin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OsamaShukirMuhammedAmin","display_name":"Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OsamaShukirMuhammedAmin?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3932292/3875011/99184948/s65_osama_shukir_muhammed.amin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":623,"name":"Neurology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":5451,"name":"Computational Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Neuroscience?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":8780,"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Neuropsychology?f_ri=2639"},{"id":21548,"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Neuroscience?f_ri=2639"},{"id":29842,"name":"Ireland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ireland?f_ri=2639"},{"id":50538,"name":"London","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/London?f_ri=2639"},{"id":148076,"name":"Glasgow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glasgow?f_ri=2639"},{"id":182022,"name":"Clinical Neurology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Neurology?f_ri=2639"},{"id":255943,"name":"Physician","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physician?f_ri=2639"},{"id":339353,"name":"MRCPsych","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRCPsych?f_ri=2639"},{"id":365417,"name":"Examination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Examination?f_ri=2639"},{"id":429353,"name":"Edinburgh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Edinburgh?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1664438,"name":"Neurologist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurologist?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1717087,"name":"MRCP(UK)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRCP_UK_?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1717089,"name":"Royal Colleges of Physicians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Royal_Colleges_of_Physicians?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22789362" data-work_id="22789362" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22789362/Retrograde_cerebral_air_embolism">Retrograde cerebral air embolism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Pneumocephalus is a clinical condition caused by dysbarism, trauma, and iatrogenic causes. The most common iatrogenic causes of pneumocephalus are major interventions as a neurosurgery and cardiovascular operations, endoscopy, and minor... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22789362" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Pneumocephalus is a clinical condition caused by dysbarism, trauma, and iatrogenic causes. The most common iatrogenic causes of pneumocephalus are major interventions as a neurosurgery and cardiovascular operations, endoscopy, and minor interventions as a peripheral and central venous access. Especially during insertion of central venous line and intravenous drug and fluid infusion, the venous air embolism may occur in emergency department. In these patients, retrograde pneumocephalus occurs as a result of the air entering the right atrium to the brain. Clinical effects of the air delivery rates are known to be more specific than the total amount of air. In general, intravenous administration of 300 to 500 mL air in the speed of 100 mL/min is considered to be lethal. Large amounts of air embolism can cause hypotension and acute circulatory collapse with intracardiac obstruction. The most common symptoms of venous air embolism are anxiety, dyspnea, chest pain, cyanosis, tachycardia, tachypnea, headache, confusion, agitation, syncope, slurred speech, blurred vision, seizures, and ataxia. The mortality of pneumocephalus caused by central venous catheters in patients presented with symptoms of focal neurologic was 8%, whereas the mortality of pneumocephalus in patients presented with encephalopathy was 36%. In our report, a case of pneumocephalus secondary to disconnection of catheter cap in chronic renal failure patient who has hemodialysis via catheter has been presented. j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / a j e m Most venous air embolism occurs with preventable iatrogenic causes. The following are the most important protective measures: (1) in patients with peripheral catheter, set of serum should be at least 20 cm below the level of the patient as to form siphon; (2) the Trendelenburg position should be given to the patient during central venous catheter insertion or removal; and (3) patients during the removal of the central catheter should perform Valsalva.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22789362" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c9649d254f3a2b934e6fa2f7e57f2ae7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43343639,"asset_id":22789362,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43343639/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44436764" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OzgeAtilla">Ozge Atilla</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44436764" type="text/json">{"id":44436764,"first_name":"Ozge","last_name":"Atilla","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OzgeAtilla","display_name":"Ozge Atilla","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OzgeAtilla?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22789362 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22789362"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22789362, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22789362", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22789362 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22789362; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22789362"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22789362 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22789362"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22789362; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22789362]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22789362").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22789362").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22789362"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="959921" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_ray_Computed_Tomography">X ray Computed Tomography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="959921" type="text/json">{"id":959921,"name":"X ray Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_ray_Computed_Tomography?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1611680" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renal_Dialysis">Renal Dialysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1611680" type="text/json">{"id":1611680,"name":"Renal Dialysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renal_Dialysis?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22789362]'), work: {"id":22789362,"title":"Retrograde cerebral air embolism","created_at":"2016-03-04T01:29:40.106-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22789362/Retrograde_cerebral_air_embolism?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_22789362","summary":"Pneumocephalus is a clinical condition caused by dysbarism, trauma, and iatrogenic causes. The most common iatrogenic causes of pneumocephalus are major interventions as a neurosurgery and cardiovascular operations, endoscopy, and minor interventions as a peripheral and central venous access. Especially during insertion of central venous line and intravenous drug and fluid infusion, the venous air embolism may occur in emergency department. In these patients, retrograde pneumocephalus occurs as a result of the air entering the right atrium to the brain. Clinical effects of the air delivery rates are known to be more specific than the total amount of air. In general, intravenous administration of 300 to 500 mL air in the speed of 100 mL/min is considered to be lethal. Large amounts of air embolism can cause hypotension and acute circulatory collapse with intracardiac obstruction. The most common symptoms of venous air embolism are anxiety, dyspnea, chest pain, cyanosis, tachycardia, tachypnea, headache, confusion, agitation, syncope, slurred speech, blurred vision, seizures, and ataxia. The mortality of pneumocephalus caused by central venous catheters in patients presented with symptoms of focal neurologic was 8%, whereas the mortality of pneumocephalus in patients presented with encephalopathy was 36%. In our report, a case of pneumocephalus secondary to disconnection of catheter cap in chronic renal failure patient who has hemodialysis via catheter has been presented. j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / a j e m Most venous air embolism occurs with preventable iatrogenic causes. The following are the most important protective measures: (1) in patients with peripheral catheter, set of serum should be at least 20 cm below the level of the patient as to form siphon; (2) the Trendelenburg position should be given to the patient during central venous catheter insertion or removal; and (3) patients during the removal of the central catheter should perform Valsalva.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43343639,"asset_id":22789362,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44436764,"first_name":"Ozge","last_name":"Atilla","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OzgeAtilla","display_name":"Ozge Atilla","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OzgeAtilla?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":959921,"name":"X ray Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_ray_Computed_Tomography?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":1611680,"name":"Renal Dialysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renal_Dialysis?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76971398" data-work_id="76971398" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76971398/Structural_brain_features_of_borderline_personality_and_bipolar_disorders">Structural brain features of borderline personality and bipolar disorders</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76971398" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="33b8e8ba69b9f7163c1a4329aceb4806" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84510527,"asset_id":76971398,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84510527/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="23222406" href="https://unibo.academia.edu/LauraRosaMagni">Laura Rosa Magni</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="23222406" type="text/json">{"id":23222406,"first_name":"Laura Rosa","last_name":"Magni","domain_name":"unibo","page_name":"LauraRosaMagni","display_name":"Laura Rosa Magni","profile_url":"https://unibo.academia.edu/LauraRosaMagni?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23222406/7742349/8680304/s65_laura_rosa.magni.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76971398 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76971398"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76971398, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76971398", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_76971398 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76971398; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_76971398"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_76971398 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76971398"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76971398; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76971398]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76971398").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76971398").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76971398"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="635" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="635" type="text/json">{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3230" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipolar_Disorder">Bipolar Disorder</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3230" type="text/json">{"id":3230,"name":"Bipolar Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipolar_Disorder?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76971398]'), work: {"id":76971398,"title":"Structural brain features of borderline personality and bipolar disorders","created_at":"2022-04-19T09:12:36.839-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76971398/Structural_brain_features_of_borderline_personality_and_bipolar_disorders?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_76971398","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84510527,"asset_id":76971398,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":23222406,"first_name":"Laura Rosa","last_name":"Magni","domain_name":"unibo","page_name":"LauraRosaMagni","display_name":"Laura Rosa Magni","profile_url":"https://unibo.academia.edu/LauraRosaMagni?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23222406/7742349/8680304/s65_laura_rosa.magni.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":3230,"name":"Bipolar Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipolar_Disorder?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639"},{"id":7535,"name":"Borderline Personality Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borderline_Personality_Disorder?f_ri=2639"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2639"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":357850,"name":"Atrophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atrophy?f_ri=2639"},{"id":897823,"name":"Elsevier","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elsevier?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1819399,"name":"Case Control Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Control_Studies?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76741913" data-work_id="76741913" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76741913/Fast_inversion_recovery_for_myelin_suppression_FIRMS_a_new_MRI_pulse_sequence_for_highlighting_cerebral_gray_matter">Fast inversion recovery for myelin suppression (FIRMS) a new MRI pulse sequence for highlighting cerebral gray matter</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76741913" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c2b5441830417cbda609744d6a4c059e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84347736,"asset_id":76741913,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84347736/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51576263" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PaulShaderowfsky">Paul Shaderowfsky</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51576263" type="text/json">{"id":51576263,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Shaderowfsky","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaulShaderowfsky","display_name":"Paul Shaderowfsky","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaulShaderowfsky?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76741913 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76741913"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76741913, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76741913", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_76741913 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76741913; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_76741913"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_76741913 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76741913"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76741913; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76741913]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76741913").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76741913").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76741913"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7333" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance">Nuclear Magnetic Resonance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7333" type="text/json">{"id":7333,"name":"Nuclear Magnetic Resonance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76741913]'), work: {"id":76741913,"title":"Fast inversion recovery for myelin suppression (FIRMS) a new MRI pulse sequence for highlighting cerebral gray matter","created_at":"2022-04-17T13:47:44.014-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76741913/Fast_inversion_recovery_for_myelin_suppression_FIRMS_a_new_MRI_pulse_sequence_for_highlighting_cerebral_gray_matter?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_76741913","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84347736,"asset_id":76741913,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51576263,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Shaderowfsky","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaulShaderowfsky","display_name":"Paul Shaderowfsky","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaulShaderowfsky?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":7333,"name":"Nuclear Magnetic Resonance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2639"},{"id":78467,"name":"Cerebral Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebral_Cortex?f_ri=2639"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":335495,"name":"Clinical Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Imaging?f_ri=2639"},{"id":362036,"name":"White matter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/White_matter?f_ri=2639"},{"id":372581,"name":"Image Enhancement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Enhancement?f_ri=2639"},{"id":651604,"name":"Seizures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seizures?f_ri=2639"},{"id":784693,"name":"Cortical Dysplasia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cortical_Dysplasia?f_ri=2639"},{"id":897823,"name":"Elsevier","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elsevier?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1250577,"name":"Gray Matter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gray_Matter?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1372278,"name":"Region of Interest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Region_of_Interest?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2049358,"name":"Myelin Sheath","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Myelin_Sheath?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2753977,"name":"Hippocampal Sclerosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hippocampal_Sclerosis?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67043435" data-work_id="67043435" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67043435/Corpus_callosum_area_in_patients_with_bipolar_disorder_with_and_without_psychotic_features_an_international_multicentre_study">Corpus callosum area in patients with bipolar disorder with and without psychotic features: an international multicentre study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Previous studies have reported MRI abnormalities of the corpus callosum (CC) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), although only a few studies have directly compared callosal areas in psychotic versus nonpsychotic patients with this... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67043435" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Previous studies have reported MRI abnormalities of the corpus callosum (CC) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), although only a few studies have directly compared callosal areas in psychotic versus nonpsychotic patients with this disorder. We sought to compare regional callosal areas in a large international multicentre sample of patients with BD and healthy controls. We analyzed anatomic T1 MRI data of patients with BD-I and healthy controls recruited from 4 sites (France, Germany, Ireland and the United States). We obtained the mid-sagittal areas of 7 CC subregions using an automatic CC delineation. Differences in regional callosal areas between patients and controls were compared using linear mixed models (adjusting for age, sex, handedness, brain volume, history of alcohol abuse/dependence, lithium or antipsychotic medication status, symptomatic status and site) and multiple comparisons correction. We also compared regional areas of the CC between patients with BD with and ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67043435" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1b8cc7b0bf1719c082b9f42695648bb9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78011518,"asset_id":67043435,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78011518/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31425897" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ColmMcDonald">Colm McDonald</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31425897" type="text/json">{"id":31425897,"first_name":"Colm","last_name":"McDonald","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ColmMcDonald","display_name":"Colm McDonald","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ColmMcDonald?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67043435 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67043435"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67043435, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67043435", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67043435 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67043435; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67043435"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67043435 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67043435"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67043435; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67043435]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67043435").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67043435").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67043435"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3230" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipolar_Disorder">Bipolar Disorder</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3230" type="text/json">{"id":3230,"name":"Bipolar Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipolar_Disorder?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67043435]'), work: {"id":67043435,"title":"Corpus callosum area in patients with bipolar disorder with and without psychotic features: an international multicentre study","created_at":"2022-01-04T02:52:31.357-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67043435/Corpus_callosum_area_in_patients_with_bipolar_disorder_with_and_without_psychotic_features_an_international_multicentre_study?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_67043435","summary":"Previous studies have reported MRI abnormalities of the corpus callosum (CC) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), although only a few studies have directly compared callosal areas in psychotic versus nonpsychotic patients with this disorder. We sought to compare regional callosal areas in a large international multicentre sample of patients with BD and healthy controls. We analyzed anatomic T1 MRI data of patients with BD-I and healthy controls recruited from 4 sites (France, Germany, Ireland and the United States). We obtained the mid-sagittal areas of 7 CC subregions using an automatic CC delineation. Differences in regional callosal areas between patients and controls were compared using linear mixed models (adjusting for age, sex, handedness, brain volume, history of alcohol abuse/dependence, lithium or antipsychotic medication status, symptomatic status and site) and multiple comparisons correction. We also compared regional areas of the CC between patients with BD with and ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78011518,"asset_id":67043435,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31425897,"first_name":"Colm","last_name":"McDonald","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ColmMcDonald","display_name":"Colm McDonald","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ColmMcDonald?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":3230,"name":"Bipolar Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipolar_Disorder?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":9293,"name":"Lithium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithium?f_ri=2639"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2639"},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=2639"},{"id":28850,"name":"Linear models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_models?f_ri=2639"},{"id":29842,"name":"Ireland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ireland?f_ri=2639"},{"id":50576,"name":"Germany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Germany?f_ri=2639"},{"id":65614,"name":"Corpus Callosum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corpus_Callosum?f_ri=2639"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=2639"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2795557,"name":"Antipsychotic agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antipsychotic_agents?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_54885635" data-work_id="54885635" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54885635/Physical_Activity_Brain_Plasticity_and_Alzheimers_Disease">Physical Activity, Brain Plasticity, and Alzheimer's Disease</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this review we summarize the epidemiological, cross-sectional, and interventional studies examining the association between physical activity and brain volume, function, and risk for Alzheimer's disease. The epidemiological literature... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_54885635" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this review we summarize the epidemiological, cross-sectional, and interventional studies examining the association between physical activity and brain volume, function, and risk for Alzheimer's disease. The epidemiological literature provides compelling evidence that greater amounts of physical activity are associated with a reduced risk of dementia in late life. In addition, randomized interventions using neuroimaging tools have reported that participation in physical activity increases the size of prefrontal and hippocampal brain areas, which may lead to a reduction in memory impairments. Consistent with these findings, longitudinal studies using neuroimaging tools also find that the volume of prefrontal and hippocampal brain areas are larger in individuals who engaged in more physical activity earlier in life. We conclude from this review that there is convincing evidence that physical activity has a consistent and robust association with brain regions implicated in age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. In addition to summarizing this literature we provide recommendations for future research on physical activity and brain health.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/54885635" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9b2d1b7fc8815a25cc882b69a38916a2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71029158,"asset_id":54885635,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71029158/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8980518" href="https://pitt.academia.edu/AndreaWeinstein">Andrea Weinstein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8980518" type="text/json">{"id":8980518,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Weinstein","domain_name":"pitt","page_name":"AndreaWeinstein","display_name":"Andrea Weinstein","profile_url":"https://pitt.academia.edu/AndreaWeinstein?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_54885635 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="54885635"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 54885635, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_54885635", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_54885635 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 54885635; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_54885635"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_54885635 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="54885635"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 54885635; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=54885635]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_54885635").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_54885635").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="54885635"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3662" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dementia">Dementia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3662" type="text/json">{"id":3662,"name":"Dementia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dementia?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging">Aging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6791" type="text/json">{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9112" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Activity">Physical Activity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9112" type="text/json">{"id":9112,"name":"Physical Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Activity?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=54885635]'), work: {"id":54885635,"title":"Physical Activity, Brain Plasticity, and Alzheimer's Disease","created_at":"2021-10-02T10:53:07.073-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/54885635/Physical_Activity_Brain_Plasticity_and_Alzheimers_Disease?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_54885635","summary":"In this review we summarize the epidemiological, cross-sectional, and interventional studies examining the association between physical activity and brain volume, function, and risk for Alzheimer's disease. The epidemiological literature provides compelling evidence that greater amounts of physical activity are associated with a reduced risk of dementia in late life. In addition, randomized interventions using neuroimaging tools have reported that participation in physical activity increases the size of prefrontal and hippocampal brain areas, which may lead to a reduction in memory impairments. Consistent with these findings, longitudinal studies using neuroimaging tools also find that the volume of prefrontal and hippocampal brain areas are larger in individuals who engaged in more physical activity earlier in life. We conclude from this review that there is convincing evidence that physical activity has a consistent and robust association with brain regions implicated in age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. In addition to summarizing this literature we provide recommendations for future research on physical activity and brain health.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71029158,"asset_id":54885635,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8980518,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Weinstein","domain_name":"pitt","page_name":"AndreaWeinstein","display_name":"Andrea Weinstein","profile_url":"https://pitt.academia.edu/AndreaWeinstein?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":3662,"name":"Dementia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dementia?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":9112,"name":"Physical Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Activity?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":14406,"name":"Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health?f_ri=2639"},{"id":46858,"name":"Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory?f_ri=2639"},{"id":57556,"name":"Hippocampus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hippocampus?f_ri=2639"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2639"},{"id":132020,"name":"Neuronal Plasticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuronal_Plasticity?f_ri=2639"},{"id":135185,"name":"Exercise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise?f_ri=2639"},{"id":268784,"name":"Physical Fitness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Fitness?f_ri=2639"},{"id":330953,"name":"Longitudinal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Longitudinal_Studies?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1120234,"name":"Alzheimer Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alzheimer_Disease?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2246318,"name":"Motor activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_activity?f_ri=2639"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53598700" data-work_id="53598700" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53598700/Neurolymphomatosis_in_non_Hodgkin_lymphoma_with_cranial_multineuritis_A_case_report">Neurolymphomatosis in non-Hodgkin lymphoma with cranial multineuritis: A case report</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is a rare syndrome of lymphoma and leukemic infiltration of cranial or peripheral nerves. We report a case of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) in a 24-year-old man presented with difficulty in swallowing,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53598700" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is a rare syndrome of lymphoma and leukemic infiltration of cranial or peripheral nerves. We report a case of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) in a 24-year-old man presented with difficulty in swallowing, hypersalivation, hoarseness, ptosis, facial paralysis, and facial hypoesthesia associated with NL. NL was diagnosed based upon cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination. The patient was treated with intrathecal methotreaxate (12.5 mg) and cytosine arabinoside (70 mg), systemic high-dose methotrexate therapy, and cranial radiotherapy. Due to the deterioration of general condition of the patient, he was admitted to intensive care unit, but died 22 days after the onset of symptoms in spite of aggressive treatment. In this case, we present a patient with T cell lymphoma and multineuritis of NL diagnosed by MRI and as far as we know, this is the first reported case in which so many cranial nerves (3, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 10 th) were ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53598700" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6fb1bebed3d5cc1bb8a9c63a23d5b8da" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70369850,"asset_id":53598700,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70369850/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37803480" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AhmetMete2">Ahmet Mete</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37803480" type="text/json">{"id":37803480,"first_name":"Ahmet","last_name":"Mete","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AhmetMete2","display_name":"Ahmet Mete","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AhmetMete2?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53598700 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53598700"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53598700, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53598700", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_53598700 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53598700; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_53598700"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_53598700 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53598700"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53598700; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53598700]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53598700").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53598700").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53598700"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19354" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiotherapy">Radiotherapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19354" type="text/json">{"id":19354,"name":"Radiotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiotherapy?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23518" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Positron_Emission_Tomography">Positron Emission Tomography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23518" type="text/json">{"id":23518,"name":"Positron Emission Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Positron_Emission_Tomography?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53598700]'), work: {"id":53598700,"title":"Neurolymphomatosis in non-Hodgkin lymphoma with cranial multineuritis: A case report","created_at":"2021-09-27T21:24:44.213-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53598700/Neurolymphomatosis_in_non_Hodgkin_lymphoma_with_cranial_multineuritis_A_case_report?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_53598700","summary":"Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is a rare syndrome of lymphoma and leukemic infiltration of cranial or peripheral nerves. We report a case of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) in a 24-year-old man presented with difficulty in swallowing, hypersalivation, hoarseness, ptosis, facial paralysis, and facial hypoesthesia associated with NL. NL was diagnosed based upon cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination. The patient was treated with intrathecal methotreaxate (12.5 mg) and cytosine arabinoside (70 mg), systemic high-dose methotrexate therapy, and cranial radiotherapy. Due to the deterioration of general condition of the patient, he was admitted to intensive care unit, but died 22 days after the onset of symptoms in spite of aggressive treatment. In this case, we present a patient with T cell lymphoma and multineuritis of NL diagnosed by MRI and as far as we know, this is the first reported case in which so many cranial nerves (3, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 10 th) were ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70369850,"asset_id":53598700,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37803480,"first_name":"Ahmet","last_name":"Mete","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AhmetMete2","display_name":"Ahmet Mete","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AhmetMete2?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":19354,"name":"Radiotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiotherapy?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":23518,"name":"Positron Emission Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Positron_Emission_Tomography?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2639"},{"id":60971,"name":"Cerebrospinal Fluid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebrospinal_Fluid?f_ri=2639"},{"id":132052,"name":"Marek Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marek_Disease?f_ri=2639"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=2639"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":438985,"name":"Methotrexate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methotrexate?f_ri=2639"},{"id":904100,"name":"Cranial Nerves","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cranial_Nerves?f_ri=2639"},{"id":959921,"name":"X ray Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_ray_Computed_Tomography?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_52753014" data-work_id="52753014" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52753014/Medial_temporal_lobe_dysgenesis_in_hypochondroplasia">Medial temporal lobe dysgenesis in hypochondroplasia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We describe two patients who have hypochondroplasia with medial temporal lobe dysgenesis. This association has only been reported once before. Both patients had an FGFR3 mutation: 1620C ! A, resulting in Asn540Lys. FGFR3 is expressed in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_52753014" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We describe two patients who have hypochondroplasia with medial temporal lobe dysgenesis. This association has only been reported once before. Both patients had an FGFR3 mutation: 1620C ! A, resulting in Asn540Lys. FGFR3 is expressed in the brain during development and plays a role in hippocampal formation. We suggest FGFR3 mutations might cause cerebral malformations in hypochondroplasia as well as in thanatophoric dysplasia. Further neuroimaging studies of patients with hypochondroplasia and epilepsy or developmental delay may clarify the proportion of patients with hypochondroplasia who have this pattern of central nervous system abnormalities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52753014" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c5bd83baf0166e88e522dc41e323575f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69866975,"asset_id":52753014,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69866975/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32784647" href="https://unimelb.academia.edu/SimoneMandelstam">Simone Mandelstam</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32784647" type="text/json">{"id":32784647,"first_name":"Simone","last_name":"Mandelstam","domain_name":"unimelb","page_name":"SimoneMandelstam","display_name":"Simone Mandelstam","profile_url":"https://unimelb.academia.edu/SimoneMandelstam?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_52753014 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="52753014"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 52753014, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_52753014", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_52753014 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 52753014; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_52753014"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_52753014 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="52753014"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 52753014; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=52753014]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_52753014").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_52753014").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="52753014"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57557" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporal_Lobe">Temporal Lobe</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="57557" type="text/json">{"id":57557,"name":"Temporal Lobe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporal_Lobe?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=52753014]'), work: {"id":52753014,"title":"Medial temporal lobe dysgenesis in hypochondroplasia","created_at":"2021-09-18T16:36:29.766-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/52753014/Medial_temporal_lobe_dysgenesis_in_hypochondroplasia?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_52753014","summary":"We describe two patients who have hypochondroplasia with medial temporal lobe dysgenesis. This association has only been reported once before. Both patients had an FGFR3 mutation: 1620C ! A, resulting in Asn540Lys. FGFR3 is expressed in the brain during development and plays a role in hippocampal formation. We suggest FGFR3 mutations might cause cerebral malformations in hypochondroplasia as well as in thanatophoric dysplasia. Further neuroimaging studies of patients with hypochondroplasia and epilepsy or developmental delay may clarify the proportion of patients with hypochondroplasia who have this pattern of central nervous system abnormalities.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69866975,"asset_id":52753014,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32784647,"first_name":"Simone","last_name":"Mandelstam","domain_name":"unimelb","page_name":"SimoneMandelstam","display_name":"Simone Mandelstam","profile_url":"https://unimelb.academia.edu/SimoneMandelstam?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":57557,"name":"Temporal Lobe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporal_Lobe?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":151448,"name":"American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American?f_ri=2639"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=2639"},{"id":609835,"name":"Medial Temporal Lobe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medial_Temporal_Lobe?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35919581 coauthored" data-work_id="35919581" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/35919581/Meningoencephalitis_Caused_by_Reactivation_of_Chagas_Disease_in_Patient_Without_Known_Immunosuppression">Meningoencephalitis Caused by Reactivation of Chagas Disease in Patient Without Known Immunosuppression</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in Chagas disease (CD) is an uncommon complication that can result from direct involvement of the parasite or from thromboembolic phenomena. Direct involvement of CNS can occur in both acute and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35919581" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in Chagas disease (CD) is an uncommon complication that can result from direct involvement of the parasite or from thromboembolic phenomena. Direct involvement of CNS can occur in both acute and chronic forms of CD, and can also be secondary to reactivation. Reactivation of CD generally occurs in immunosuppressed patients such as those with human immunodeficiency infection or malignancies being rarely described in patients without apparent immunosuppression. We report a case of a patient living for many years in a nonendemic area for CD that presented to the emergency department with sudden onset of neurological symptoms as a result of reactivation of the disease. The microorganism was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid, and despite appropriate use of benznidazole, the patient died of sepsis after 22 days of treatment. Further investigation did not show any apparent cause of immunosuppression. This case report shows the importance of consideri...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35919581" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="216192311" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LuandaBarbosa">Luanda Barbosa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="216192311" type="text/json">{"id":216192311,"first_name":"Luanda","last_name":"Barbosa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LuandaBarbosa","display_name":"Luanda Barbosa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LuandaBarbosa?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-35919581">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-35919581"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://santacasabh.academia.edu/AlexandreMoura">Alexandre Moura</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-35919581'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-35919581').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35919581 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35919581"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35919581, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35919581", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35919581 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35919581; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35919581"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35919581 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35919581"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35919581; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35919581]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35919581").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35919581").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35919581"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61474" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain">Brain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="61474" type="text/json">{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="225340" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chagas_disease">Chagas disease</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="225340" type="text/json">{"id":225340,"name":"Chagas disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chagas_disease?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="376084" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trypanosoma_Cruzi">Trypanosoma Cruzi</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="376084" type="text/json">{"id":376084,"name":"Trypanosoma Cruzi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trypanosoma_Cruzi?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35919581]'), work: {"id":35919581,"title":"Meningoencephalitis Caused by Reactivation of Chagas Disease in Patient Without Known Immunosuppression","created_at":"2018-02-14T04:20:30.202-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35919581/Meningoencephalitis_Caused_by_Reactivation_of_Chagas_Disease_in_Patient_Without_Known_Immunosuppression?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_35919581","summary":"Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in Chagas disease (CD) is an uncommon complication that can result from direct involvement of the parasite or from thromboembolic phenomena. Direct involvement of CNS can occur in both acute and chronic forms of CD, and can also be secondary to reactivation. Reactivation of CD generally occurs in immunosuppressed patients such as those with human immunodeficiency infection or malignancies being rarely described in patients without apparent immunosuppression. We report a case of a patient living for many years in a nonendemic area for CD that presented to the emergency department with sudden onset of neurological symptoms as a result of reactivation of the disease. The microorganism was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid, and despite appropriate use of benznidazole, the patient died of sepsis after 22 days of treatment. Further investigation did not show any apparent cause of immunosuppression. This case report shows the importance of consideri...","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":216192311,"first_name":"Luanda","last_name":"Barbosa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LuandaBarbosa","display_name":"Luanda Barbosa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LuandaBarbosa?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":37099915,"first_name":"Alexandre","last_name":"Moura","domain_name":"santacasabh","page_name":"AlexandreMoura","display_name":"Alexandre Moura","profile_url":"https://santacasabh.academia.edu/AlexandreMoura?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37099915/16385538/16761595/s65_alexandre.moura.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":225340,"name":"Chagas disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chagas_disease?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":376084,"name":"Trypanosoma Cruzi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trypanosoma_Cruzi?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":959921,"name":"X ray Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_ray_Computed_Tomography?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1217651,"name":"Meningoencephalitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meningoencephalitis?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13237673" data-work_id="13237673" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13237673/Adolescent_Maturity_and_the_Brain_The_Promise_and_Pitfalls_of_Neuroscience_Research_in_Adolescent_Health_Policy">Adolescent Maturity and the Brain: The Promise and Pitfalls of Neuroscience Research in Adolescent Health Policy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Longitudinal neuroimaging studies demonstrate that the adolescent brain continues to mature well into the 20s. This has prompted intense interest in linking neuromaturation to maturity of judgment. Public policy is struggling to keep up... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13237673" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Longitudinal neuroimaging studies demonstrate that the adolescent brain continues to mature well into the 20s. This has prompted intense interest in linking neuromaturation to maturity of judgment. Public policy is struggling to keep up with burgeoning interest in cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging. However, empirical evidence linking neurodevelopmental processes and adolescent real-world behavior remains sparse. Nonetheless, adolescent brain development research is already shaping public policy debates about when individuals should be considered mature for policy purposes. With this in mind, in this article we summarize what is known about adolescent brain development and what remains unknown, as well as what neuroscience can and cannot tell us about the adolescent brain and behavior. We suggest that a conceptual framework that situates brain science in the broader context of adolescent developmental research would help to facilitate research-topolicy translation. Furthermore, although contemporary discussions of adolescent maturity and the brain often use a deficit-based approach, there is enormous opportunity for brain science to illuminate the great strengths and potentialities of the adolescent brain. So, too, can this information inform policies that promote adolescent health and well-being.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13237673" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3e9c91697e320ea402ae571d0cc3e560" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45561888,"asset_id":13237673,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45561888/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32493543" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SaraJohnson18">Sara Johnson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32493543" type="text/json">{"id":32493543,"first_name":"Sara","last_name":"Johnson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SaraJohnson18","display_name":"Sara Johnson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaraJohnson18?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13237673 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13237673"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13237673, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13237673", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13237673 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13237673; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13237673"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13237673 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13237673"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13237673; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13237673]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13237673").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13237673").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13237673"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="161" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience">Neuroscience</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="161" type="text/json">{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2827" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health">Mental Health</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2827" type="text/json">{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13237673]'), work: {"id":13237673,"title":"Adolescent Maturity and the Brain: The Promise and Pitfalls of Neuroscience Research in Adolescent Health Policy","created_at":"2015-06-24T04:20:01.332-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13237673/Adolescent_Maturity_and_the_Brain_The_Promise_and_Pitfalls_of_Neuroscience_Research_in_Adolescent_Health_Policy?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_13237673","summary":"Longitudinal neuroimaging studies demonstrate that the adolescent brain continues to mature well into the 20s. This has prompted intense interest in linking neuromaturation to maturity of judgment. Public policy is struggling to keep up with burgeoning interest in cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging. However, empirical evidence linking neurodevelopmental processes and adolescent real-world behavior remains sparse. Nonetheless, adolescent brain development research is already shaping public policy debates about when individuals should be considered mature for policy purposes. With this in mind, in this article we summarize what is known about adolescent brain development and what remains unknown, as well as what neuroscience can and cannot tell us about the adolescent brain and behavior. We suggest that a conceptual framework that situates brain science in the broader context of adolescent developmental research would help to facilitate research-topolicy translation. Furthermore, although contemporary discussions of adolescent maturity and the brain often use a deficit-based approach, there is enormous opportunity for brain science to illuminate the great strengths and potentialities of the adolescent brain. So, too, can this information inform policies that promote adolescent health and well-being.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45561888,"asset_id":13237673,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32493543,"first_name":"Sara","last_name":"Johnson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SaraJohnson18","display_name":"Sara Johnson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaraJohnson18?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":5768,"name":"Adolescent Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent_Development?f_ri=2639"},{"id":7451,"name":"Information Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Policy?f_ri=2639"},{"id":15430,"name":"Adolescent Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent_Health?f_ri=2639"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=2639"},{"id":17969,"name":"Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy?f_ri=2639"},{"id":19870,"name":"Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research?f_ri=2639"},{"id":21548,"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Neuroscience?f_ri=2639"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=2639"},{"id":29538,"name":"Brain development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_development?f_ri=2639"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2639"},{"id":66843,"name":"Judgment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Judgment?f_ri=2639"},{"id":140534,"name":"Conceptual Framework","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conceptual_Framework?f_ri=2639"},{"id":393134,"name":"Empirical evidence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empirical_evidence?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75632534" data-work_id="75632534" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75632534/Dissociative_identity_disorder_An_empirical_overview">Dissociative identity disorder: An empirical overview</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Despite its long and auspicious place in the history of psychiatry, dissociative identity disorder (DID) has been associated with controversy. This paper aims to examine the empirical data related to DID and outline the contextual... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75632534" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Despite its long and auspicious place in the history of psychiatry, dissociative identity disorder (DID) has been associated with controversy. This paper aims to examine the empirical data related to DID and outline the contextual challenges to its scientific investigation. The overview is limited to DID-specific research in which one or more of the following conditions are met: (i) a sample of participants with DID was systematically investigated, (ii) psychometrically-sound measures were utilised, (iii) comparisons were made with other samples, (iv) DID was differentiated from other disorders, including other dissociative disorders, (v) extraneous variables were controlled or (vi) DID diagnosis was confirmed. Following an examination of challenges to research, data are organised around the validity and phenomenology of DID, its aetiology and epidemiology, the neurobiological and cognitive correlates of the disorder, and finally its treatment. DID was found to be a complex yet vali...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75632534" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1bf13b37bb1fe54c40724dd33dbc1bfb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83559121,"asset_id":75632534,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83559121/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33137900" href="https://columbia.academia.edu/RobertoLewisfern%C3%A1ndez">Roberto Lewis-fernández</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33137900" type="text/json">{"id":33137900,"first_name":"Roberto","last_name":"Lewis-fernández","domain_name":"columbia","page_name":"RobertoLewisfernández","display_name":"Roberto Lewis-fernández","profile_url":"https://columbia.academia.edu/RobertoLewisfern%C3%A1ndez?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75632534 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75632534"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75632534, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75632534", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_75632534 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75632534; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_75632534"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_75632534 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75632534"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75632534; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75632534]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75632534").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75632534").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75632534"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2240" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapy">Psychotherapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2240" type="text/json">{"id":2240,"name":"Psychotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapy?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5178" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenology">Phenomenology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5178" type="text/json">{"id":5178,"name":"Phenomenology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75632534]'), work: {"id":75632534,"title":"Dissociative identity disorder: An empirical overview","created_at":"2022-04-06T07:11:55.528-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75632534/Dissociative_identity_disorder_An_empirical_overview?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_75632534","summary":"Despite its long and auspicious place in the history of psychiatry, dissociative identity disorder (DID) has been associated with controversy. This paper aims to examine the empirical data related to DID and outline the contextual challenges to its scientific investigation. The overview is limited to DID-specific research in which one or more of the following conditions are met: (i) a sample of participants with DID was systematically investigated, (ii) psychometrically-sound measures were utilised, (iii) comparisons were made with other samples, (iv) DID was differentiated from other disorders, including other dissociative disorders, (v) extraneous variables were controlled or (vi) DID diagnosis was confirmed. Following an examination of challenges to research, data are organised around the validity and phenomenology of DID, its aetiology and epidemiology, the neurobiological and cognitive correlates of the disorder, and finally its treatment. DID was found to be a complex yet vali...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83559121,"asset_id":75632534,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33137900,"first_name":"Roberto","last_name":"Lewis-fernández","domain_name":"columbia","page_name":"RobertoLewisfernández","display_name":"Roberto Lewis-fernández","profile_url":"https://columbia.academia.edu/RobertoLewisfern%C3%A1ndez?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2240,"name":"Psychotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapy?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":5178,"name":"Phenomenology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=2639"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2639"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2639"},{"id":101209,"name":"Psychobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychobiology?f_ri=2639"},{"id":144833,"name":"Validity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Validity?f_ri=2639"},{"id":174475,"name":"Aetiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aetiology?f_ri=2639"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results?f_ri=2639"},{"id":770520,"name":"Multiple Personality Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_Personality_Disorder?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1627527,"name":"Cognition disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition_disorders?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2467529,"name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatric_Status_Rating_Scales?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49513942" data-work_id="49513942" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49513942/Lumbar_Dural_Ectasia_Secondary_to_Spinal_Fusion_A_Report_of_Two_Cases">Lumbar Dural Ectasia Secondary to Spinal Fusion: A Report of Two Cases</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">From the Department of Radiologic Sciences, Drexel University College of Medicine, Mail Stop 206, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (TAH, RAK, FB, CKD); and Department of Neurosurgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49513942" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">From the Department of Radiologic Sciences, Drexel University College of Medicine, Mail Stop 206, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (TAH, RAK, FB, CKD); and Department of Neurosurgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49513942" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="22836d4afb79c26af90e1f8502da3e4d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67849132,"asset_id":49513942,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67849132/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="190636110" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RichardKanoff">Richard Kanoff</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="190636110" type="text/json">{"id":190636110,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Kanoff","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RichardKanoff","display_name":"Richard Kanoff","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RichardKanoff?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49513942 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49513942"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49513942, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49513942", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49513942 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49513942; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49513942"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49513942 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49513942"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49513942; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49513942]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49513942").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49513942").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49513942"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="289271" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged">Aged</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="289271" type="text/json">{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49513942]'), work: {"id":49513942,"title":"Lumbar Dural Ectasia Secondary to Spinal Fusion: A Report of Two Cases","created_at":"2021-07-02T09:55:32.583-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49513942/Lumbar_Dural_Ectasia_Secondary_to_Spinal_Fusion_A_Report_of_Two_Cases?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_49513942","summary":"From the Department of Radiologic Sciences, Drexel University College of Medicine, Mail Stop 206, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (TAH, RAK, FB, CKD); and Department of Neurosurgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67849132,"asset_id":49513942,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":190636110,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Kanoff","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RichardKanoff","display_name":"Richard Kanoff","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RichardKanoff?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":959921,"name":"X ray Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_ray_Computed_Tomography?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1315242,"name":"Spinal Fusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Fusion?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2467435,"name":"Lumbosacral Region","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lumbosacral_Region?f_ri=2639"},{"id":3996792,"name":"Dura mater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dura_mater?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49295855" data-work_id="49295855" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49295855/The_Crowned_Dens_Revisited_Imaging_Findings_in_Calcium_Crystal_Deposition_Diseases_Around_the_Odontoid">The “Crowned Dens” Revisited: Imaging Findings in Calcium Crystal Deposition Diseases Around the Odontoid</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The so-called "crowned dens" is a peculiar manifestation of calcium crystal deposition diseases, either caused by calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate or caused by calcium hydroxiapatite crystals, characterized by the presence of calcific... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49295855" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The so-called "crowned dens" is a peculiar manifestation of calcium crystal deposition diseases, either caused by calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate or caused by calcium hydroxiapatite crystals, characterized by the presence of calcific deposits around the odontoid, often showing a crown-like configuration on imaging. It has protean clinical and radiological pictures, and care should be taken to avoid misinterpretation and diagnostic errors. Although asymptomatic in many patients, this entity may present as a predominantly algic or febrile condition, and in some cases, signs of compression of the spinal cord may be the major complaint. The detection of calcifications in the periodontoid tissues is the key to the diagnosis, erosive osseous changes, and variably calcified soft-tissue masses being occasionally associated. Computed tomography is the most important imaging study to be performed in this setting.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49295855" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d3891d815a58c970200381b8388c1bfd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67678639,"asset_id":49295855,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67678639/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="157344824" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PabloCoimbra4">Pablo Coimbra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="157344824" type="text/json">{"id":157344824,"first_name":"Pablo","last_name":"Coimbra","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PabloCoimbra4","display_name":"Pablo Coimbra","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PabloCoimbra4?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49295855 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49295855"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49295855, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49295855", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49295855 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49295855; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49295855"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49295855 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49295855"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49295855; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49295855]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49295855").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49295855").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49295855"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="289271" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged">Aged</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="289271" type="text/json">{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49295855]'), work: {"id":49295855,"title":"The “Crowned Dens” Revisited: Imaging Findings in Calcium Crystal Deposition Diseases Around the Odontoid","created_at":"2021-06-19T12:09:11.351-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49295855/The_Crowned_Dens_Revisited_Imaging_Findings_in_Calcium_Crystal_Deposition_Diseases_Around_the_Odontoid?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_49295855","summary":"The so-called \"crowned dens\" is a peculiar manifestation of calcium crystal deposition diseases, either caused by calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate or caused by calcium hydroxiapatite crystals, characterized by the presence of calcific deposits around the odontoid, often showing a crown-like configuration on imaging. It has protean clinical and radiological pictures, and care should be taken to avoid misinterpretation and diagnostic errors. Although asymptomatic in many patients, this entity may present as a predominantly algic or febrile condition, and in some cases, signs of compression of the spinal cord may be the major complaint. The detection of calcifications in the periodontoid tissues is the key to the diagnosis, erosive osseous changes, and variably calcified soft-tissue masses being occasionally associated. Computed tomography is the most important imaging study to be performed in this setting.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67678639,"asset_id":49295855,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":157344824,"first_name":"Pablo","last_name":"Coimbra","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PabloCoimbra4","display_name":"Pablo Coimbra","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PabloCoimbra4?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":375133,"name":"Calcinosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcinosis?f_ri=2639"},{"id":959921,"name":"X ray Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_ray_Computed_Tomography?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68867440" data-work_id="68867440" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68867440/Dissociative_identity_disorder_an_empirical_overview">Dissociative identity disorder: an empirical overview</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: Despite its long and auspicious place in the history of psychiatry, dissociative identity disorder (DID) has been associated with controversy. This paper aims to examine the empirical data related to DID and outline the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68867440" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: Despite its long and auspicious place in the history of psychiatry, dissociative identity disorder (DID) has been associated with controversy. This paper aims to examine the empirical data related to DID and outline the contextual challenges to its scientific investigation. Methods: The overview is limited to DID-specific research in which one or more of the following conditions are met: (i) a sample of participants with DID was systematically investigated, (ii) psychometrically-sound measures were utilised, (iii) comparisons were made with other samples, (iv) DID was differentiated from other disorders, including other dissociative disorders, (v) extraneous variables were controlled or (vi) DID diagnosis was confirmed. Following an examination of challenges to research, data are organised around the validity and phenomenology of DID, its aetiology and epidemiology, the neurobiological and cognitive correlates of the disorder, and finally its treatment. Results: DID was found to be a complex yet valid disorder across a range of markers. It can be accurately discriminated from other disorders, especially when structured diagnostic interviews assess identity alterations and amnesia. DID is aetiologically associated with a complex combination of developmental and cultural factors, including severe childhood relational trauma. The prevalence of DID appears highest in emergency psychiatric settings and affects approximately 1% of the general population. Psychobiological studies are beginning to identify clear correlates of DID associated with diverse brain areas and cognitive functions. They are also providing an understanding of the potential metacognitive origins of amnesia. Phase-oriented empirically-guided treatments are emerging for DID. Conclusions: The empirical literature on DID is accumulating, although some areas remain under-investigated. Existing data show DID as a complex, valid and not uncommon disorder, associated with developmental and cultural variables, that is amenable to psychotherapeutic intervention.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68867440" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9dd373bac8111e686d7a26fe44f7f808" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79187439,"asset_id":68867440,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79187439/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33202483" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BrandBethany">Bethany Brand</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33202483" type="text/json">{"id":33202483,"first_name":"Bethany","last_name":"Brand","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrandBethany","display_name":"Bethany Brand","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrandBethany?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68867440 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68867440"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68867440, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68867440", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68867440 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68867440; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68867440"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68867440 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68867440"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68867440; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68867440]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68867440").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68867440").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68867440"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2240" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapy">Psychotherapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2240" type="text/json">{"id":2240,"name":"Psychotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapy?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5178" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenology">Phenomenology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5178" type="text/json">{"id":5178,"name":"Phenomenology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68867440]'), work: {"id":68867440,"title":"Dissociative identity disorder: an empirical overview","created_at":"2022-01-20T11:28:42.239-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68867440/Dissociative_identity_disorder_an_empirical_overview?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_68867440","summary":"Objective: Despite its long and auspicious place in the history of psychiatry, dissociative identity disorder (DID) has been associated with controversy. This paper aims to examine the empirical data related to DID and outline the contextual challenges to its scientific investigation. Methods: The overview is limited to DID-specific research in which one or more of the following conditions are met: (i) a sample of participants with DID was systematically investigated, (ii) psychometrically-sound measures were utilised, (iii) comparisons were made with other samples, (iv) DID was differentiated from other disorders, including other dissociative disorders, (v) extraneous variables were controlled or (vi) DID diagnosis was confirmed. Following an examination of challenges to research, data are organised around the validity and phenomenology of DID, its aetiology and epidemiology, the neurobiological and cognitive correlates of the disorder, and finally its treatment. Results: DID was found to be a complex yet valid disorder across a range of markers. It can be accurately discriminated from other disorders, especially when structured diagnostic interviews assess identity alterations and amnesia. DID is aetiologically associated with a complex combination of developmental and cultural factors, including severe childhood relational trauma. The prevalence of DID appears highest in emergency psychiatric settings and affects approximately 1% of the general population. Psychobiological studies are beginning to identify clear correlates of DID associated with diverse brain areas and cognitive functions. They are also providing an understanding of the potential metacognitive origins of amnesia. Phase-oriented empirically-guided treatments are emerging for DID. Conclusions: The empirical literature on DID is accumulating, although some areas remain under-investigated. Existing data show DID as a complex, valid and not uncommon disorder, associated with developmental and cultural variables, that is amenable to psychotherapeutic intervention.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79187439,"asset_id":68867440,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33202483,"first_name":"Bethany","last_name":"Brand","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrandBethany","display_name":"Bethany Brand","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrandBethany?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2240,"name":"Psychotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapy?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":5178,"name":"Phenomenology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=2639"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2639"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2639"},{"id":101209,"name":"Psychobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychobiology?f_ri=2639"},{"id":144833,"name":"Validity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Validity?f_ri=2639"},{"id":174475,"name":"Aetiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aetiology?f_ri=2639"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results?f_ri=2639"},{"id":770520,"name":"Multiple Personality Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_Personality_Disorder?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1627527,"name":"Cognition disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition_disorders?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2467529,"name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatric_Status_Rating_Scales?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67449034" data-work_id="67449034" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67449034/Personalized_medicine_in_psychiatry_problems_and_promises">Personalized medicine in psychiatry: problems and promises</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The central theme of personalized medicine is the premise that an individual’s unique physiologic characteristics play a significant role in both disease vulnerability and in response to specific therapies. The major goals of personalized... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67449034" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The central theme of personalized medicine is the premise that an individual’s unique physiologic characteristics play a significant role in both disease vulnerability and in response to specific therapies. The major goals of personalized medicine are therefore to predict an individual’s susceptibility to developing an illness, achieve accurate diagnosis, and optimize the most efficient and favorable response to treatment. The goal of achieving personalized medicine in psychiatry is a laudable one, because its attainment should be associated with a marked reduction in morbidity and mortality. In this review, we summarize an illustrative selection of studies that are laying the foundation towards personalizing medicine in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. In addition, we present emerging applications that are likely to advance personalized medicine in psychiatry, with an emphasis on novel biomarkers and neuroimaging.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67449034" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="80904fc51a9d45823056aeec1f9dc9c6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78261806,"asset_id":67449034,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78261806/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32945687" href="https://miami.academia.edu/CharlesNemeroff">Charles Nemeroff</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32945687" type="text/json">{"id":32945687,"first_name":"Charles","last_name":"Nemeroff","domain_name":"miami","page_name":"CharlesNemeroff","display_name":"Charles Nemeroff","profile_url":"https://miami.academia.edu/CharlesNemeroff?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67449034 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67449034"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67449034, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67449034", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67449034 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67449034; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67449034"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67449034 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67449034"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67449034; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67449034]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67449034").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67449034").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67449034"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="635" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="635" type="text/json">{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8270" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forecasting">Forecasting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8270" type="text/json">{"id":8270,"name":"Forecasting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forecasting?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="171144" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Disorders">Mental Disorders</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="171144" type="text/json">{"id":171144,"name":"Mental Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Disorders?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67449034]'), work: {"id":67449034,"title":"Personalized medicine in psychiatry: problems and promises","created_at":"2022-01-06T18:21:15.664-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67449034/Personalized_medicine_in_psychiatry_problems_and_promises?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_67449034","summary":"The central theme of personalized medicine is the premise that an individual’s unique physiologic characteristics play a significant role in both disease vulnerability and in response to specific therapies. The major goals of personalized medicine are therefore to predict an individual’s susceptibility to developing an illness, achieve accurate diagnosis, and optimize the most efficient and favorable response to treatment. The goal of achieving personalized medicine in psychiatry is a laudable one, because its attainment should be associated with a marked reduction in morbidity and mortality. In this review, we summarize an illustrative selection of studies that are laying the foundation towards personalizing medicine in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. In addition, we present emerging applications that are likely to advance personalized medicine in psychiatry, with an emphasis on novel biomarkers and neuroimaging.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78261806,"asset_id":67449034,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32945687,"first_name":"Charles","last_name":"Nemeroff","domain_name":"miami","page_name":"CharlesNemeroff","display_name":"Charles Nemeroff","profile_url":"https://miami.academia.edu/CharlesNemeroff?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":8270,"name":"Forecasting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forecasting?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":171144,"name":"Mental Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Disorders?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":568482,"name":"Biological markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_markers?f_ri=2639"},{"id":820718,"name":"Individualized Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Individualized_Medicine?f_ri=2639"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66119386" data-work_id="66119386" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66119386/Exploring_the_Relation_between_Aristotelian_Moral_Philosophy_Moral_Psychology_and_Contemporary_Neurosciences">Exploring the Relation between Aristotelian Moral Philosophy, Moral Psychology, and Contemporary Neurosciences</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66119386" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4b0157fe98dda50476fc86984cfe74c3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77436744,"asset_id":66119386,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77436744/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3872234" href="https://alabama.academia.edu/HyeminHan">Hyemin Han</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3872234" type="text/json">{"id":3872234,"first_name":"Hyemin","last_name":"Han","domain_name":"alabama","page_name":"HyeminHan","display_name":"Hyemin Han","profile_url":"https://alabama.academia.edu/HyeminHan?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3872234/1427255/20905176/s65_hyemin.han.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66119386 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66119386"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66119386, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66119386", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66119386 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66119386; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66119386"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66119386 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66119386"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66119386; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66119386]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66119386").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66119386").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66119386"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="161" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience">Neuroscience</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="161" type="text/json">{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="243" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Positive_Psychology">Positive Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="243" type="text/json">{"id":243,"name":"Positive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Positive_Psychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="251" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychology">Neuropsychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="251" type="text/json">{"id":251,"name":"Neuropsychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="252" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology">Developmental Psychology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="252" type="text/json">{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66119386]'), work: {"id":66119386,"title":"Exploring the Relation between Aristotelian Moral Philosophy, Moral Psychology, and Contemporary Neurosciences","created_at":"2021-12-27T08:34:02.502-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66119386/Exploring_the_Relation_between_Aristotelian_Moral_Philosophy_Moral_Psychology_and_Contemporary_Neurosciences?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_66119386","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77436744,"asset_id":66119386,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3872234,"first_name":"Hyemin","last_name":"Han","domain_name":"alabama","page_name":"HyeminHan","display_name":"Hyemin Han","profile_url":"https://alabama.academia.edu/HyeminHan?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3872234/1427255/20905176/s65_hyemin.han.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":243,"name":"Positive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Positive_Psychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":251,"name":"Neuropsychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=2639"},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=2639"},{"id":868,"name":"Philosophical Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Psychology?f_ri=2639"},{"id":907,"name":"Moral Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Psychology?f_ri=2639"},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2019,"name":"Aristotle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotle?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639"},{"id":3398,"name":"Educational Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Psychology?f_ri=2639"},{"id":3429,"name":"Educational Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Research?f_ri=2639"},{"id":5117,"name":"Character Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Character_Education?f_ri=2639"},{"id":7874,"name":"Educational Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Neuroscience?f_ri=2639"},{"id":12890,"name":"Moral Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Development?f_ri=2639"},{"id":18373,"name":"Moral Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Philosophy?f_ri=2639"},{"id":19254,"name":"Moral Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Education?f_ri=2639"},{"id":21548,"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Neuroscience?f_ri=2639"},{"id":59532,"name":"Moral","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1801251" data-work_id="1801251" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1801251/Illusions_of_Normality_A_Methodological_Critique_of_Category_Specific_Naming_published_with_peer_commentaries_and_reply_">Illusions of Normality: A Methodological Critique of Category-Specific Naming (published with peer commentaries and reply)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Category-specific disorders are perhaps the archetypal example of domain-specificity -being typically defined by the presence of dissociations between living and nonliving naming ability in people following neurological damage. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1801251" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Category-specific disorders are perhaps the archetypal example of domain-specificity -being typically defined by the presence of dissociations between living and nonliving naming ability in people following neurological damage. The methods adopted to quantify naming across categories are therefore pivotal since they provide the criterion for defining whether patients have a category effect and necessarily influence the subsequent direction and the interpretation of testing. This paper highlights a series of methodological concerns relating to how we measure and define category (or any) dissociations. These include the common failure to include control data or the use of control data that is inappropriate e.g. at ceiling, unmatched. A review of past cases shows that the overwhelming majority suffers from these problems and therefore challenges conclusions about the purported empirical demonstrations of dissociations and double dissociations in the category specific literature. This is not a refutation of category deficits, but skepticism about the current existence of any convincing empirical demonstrations of category specific double dissociations. As a potential solution, certain minimal criteria are proposed that might aid with the attempt to document category effects that are more methodologically convincing.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1801251" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5d3a7f7979c8f86b4142366d296a1ac8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":24791041,"asset_id":1801251,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/24791041/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="237753" href="https://herts.academia.edu/KeithLaws">Keith Laws</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="237753" type="text/json">{"id":237753,"first_name":"Keith","last_name":"Laws","domain_name":"herts","page_name":"KeithLaws","display_name":"Keith Laws","profile_url":"https://herts.academia.edu/KeithLaws?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/237753/52050/57634/s65_keith.laws.237753"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1801251 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1801251"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1801251, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1801251", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1801251 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1801251; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1801251"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1801251 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1801251"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1801251; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1801251]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1801251").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1801251").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1801251"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">25</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="161" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience">Neuroscience</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="161" type="text/json">{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="236" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology">Cognitive Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="236" type="text/json">{"id":236,"name":"Cognitive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1801251]'), work: {"id":1801251,"title":"Illusions of Normality: A Methodological Critique of Category-Specific Naming (published with peer commentaries and reply)","created_at":"2012-07-21T08:00:12.847-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1801251/Illusions_of_Normality_A_Methodological_Critique_of_Category_Specific_Naming_published_with_peer_commentaries_and_reply_?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_1801251","summary":"Category-specific disorders are perhaps the archetypal example of domain-specificity -being typically defined by the presence of dissociations between living and nonliving naming ability in people following neurological damage. The methods adopted to quantify naming across categories are therefore pivotal since they provide the criterion for defining whether patients have a category effect and necessarily influence the subsequent direction and the interpretation of testing. This paper highlights a series of methodological concerns relating to how we measure and define category (or any) dissociations. These include the common failure to include control data or the use of control data that is inappropriate e.g. at ceiling, unmatched. A review of past cases shows that the overwhelming majority suffers from these problems and therefore challenges conclusions about the purported empirical demonstrations of dissociations and double dissociations in the category specific literature. This is not a refutation of category deficits, but skepticism about the current existence of any convincing empirical demonstrations of category specific double dissociations. As a potential solution, certain minimal criteria are proposed that might aid with the attempt to document category effects that are more methodologically convincing.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":24791041,"asset_id":1801251,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":237753,"first_name":"Keith","last_name":"Laws","domain_name":"herts","page_name":"KeithLaws","display_name":"Keith Laws","profile_url":"https://herts.academia.edu/KeithLaws?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/237753/52050/57634/s65_keith.laws.237753"}],"research_interests":[{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":236,"name":"Cognitive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":251,"name":"Neuropsychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychology?f_ri=2639"},{"id":892,"name":"Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1558,"name":"Research Methods and Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methods_and_Methodology?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2066,"name":"Research Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Design?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2638,"name":"Neuroanatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroanatomy?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639"},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=2639"},{"id":5112,"name":"Object Recognition (Pattern Recognition)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Object_Recognition_Pattern_Recognition_?f_ri=2639"},{"id":8780,"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Neuropsychology?f_ri=2639"},{"id":9189,"name":"Semantic Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantic_Memory?f_ri=2639"},{"id":17113,"name":"Face recognition (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_recognition_Psychology_?f_ri=2639"},{"id":21548,"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Neuroscience?f_ri=2639"},{"id":25177,"name":"Modular Systems (Architecture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modular_Systems_Architecture_?f_ri=2639"},{"id":51757,"name":"Dissociation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dissociation?f_ri=2639"},{"id":77936,"name":"Text","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Text?f_ri=2639"},{"id":82956,"name":"Anomia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anomia?f_ri=2639"},{"id":114550,"name":"Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cortex?f_ri=2639"},{"id":154234,"name":"Modularity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modularity?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1000427,"name":"Reference Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Values?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13245122" data-work_id="13245122" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13245122/Serum_Phosphorylated_Neurofilament_Heavy_Chain_Is_a_Marker_of_Axonal_Loss_in_Experimental_Optic_Neuritis">Serum Phosphorylated Neurofilament Heavy Chain Is a Marker of Axonal Loss in Experimental Optic Neuritis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objectives We evaluated whether the measurement of serum phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain ( pNF-H) titre is likely to be a valid biomarker of axonal injury in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Serum pNF-H concentrations were... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13245122" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objectives We evaluated whether the measurement of serum phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain ( pNF-H) titre is likely to be a valid biomarker of axonal injury in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Serum pNF-H concentrations were measured by ELISA in cases with relapsing-remitting (RR)-MS (n=81), secondary progressive (SP) MS (n=13) and primary progressive (PP)-MS; n=6) MS; first demyelinating event (FDE; n=82); and unaffected controls (n=135). A subset of MS cases (n=45) were resampled on one or multiple occasions. The Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) and MRI measures were used to evaluate associations between serum pNF-H status, disease severity and cerebral lesion load and activity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13245122" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3aa8ffc1e20c14045e633a79eadeaf07" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45555086,"asset_id":13245122,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45555086/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32501094" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VittorioPorciatti">Vittorio Porciatti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32501094" type="text/json">{"id":32501094,"first_name":"Vittorio","last_name":"Porciatti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VittorioPorciatti","display_name":"Vittorio Porciatti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VittorioPorciatti?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13245122 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13245122"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13245122, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13245122", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13245122 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13245122; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13245122"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13245122 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13245122"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13245122; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13245122]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13245122").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13245122").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13245122"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3097" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_sclerosis">Multiple sclerosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3097" type="text/json">{"id":3097,"name":"Multiple sclerosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_sclerosis?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6970" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomarkers">Biomarkers</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6970" type="text/json">{"id":6970,"name":"Biomarkers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomarkers?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13245122]'), work: {"id":13245122,"title":"Serum Phosphorylated Neurofilament Heavy Chain Is a Marker of Axonal Loss in Experimental Optic Neuritis","created_at":"2015-06-24T08:44:03.353-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13245122/Serum_Phosphorylated_Neurofilament_Heavy_Chain_Is_a_Marker_of_Axonal_Loss_in_Experimental_Optic_Neuritis?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_13245122","summary":"Objectives We evaluated whether the measurement of serum phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain ( pNF-H) titre is likely to be a valid biomarker of axonal injury in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Serum pNF-H concentrations were measured by ELISA in cases with relapsing-remitting (RR)-MS (n=81), secondary progressive (SP) MS (n=13) and primary progressive (PP)-MS; n=6) MS; first demyelinating event (FDE; n=82); and unaffected controls (n=135). A subset of MS cases (n=45) were resampled on one or multiple occasions. The Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) and MRI measures were used to evaluate associations between serum pNF-H status, disease severity and cerebral lesion load and activity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45555086,"asset_id":13245122,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32501094,"first_name":"Vittorio","last_name":"Porciatti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VittorioPorciatti","display_name":"Vittorio Porciatti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VittorioPorciatti?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":3097,"name":"Multiple sclerosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_sclerosis?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6970,"name":"Biomarkers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomarkers?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2639"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2639"},{"id":172083,"name":"Phosphorylation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorylation?f_ri=2639"},{"id":203970,"name":"Intermediate Filaments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intermediate_Filaments?f_ri=2639"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=2639"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=2639"},{"id":568482,"name":"Biological markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_markers?f_ri=2639"},{"id":584615,"name":"Disease Progression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Progression?f_ri=2639"},{"id":915951,"name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Type_2_Diabetes_Mellitus?f_ri=2639"},{"id":945595,"name":"Pilot Projects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilot_Projects?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1272906,"name":"Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Linked_Immunosorbent_Assay?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1819399,"name":"Case Control Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Control_Studies?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13349217" data-work_id="13349217" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13349217/On_Supertaskers_and_the_Neural_Basis_of_Efficient_Multitasking">On Supertaskers and the Neural Basis of Efficient Multitasking</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present study used brain imaging to determine the neural basis of individual differences in multitasking, the ability to successfully perform at least two attentiondemanding tasks at once. Multitasking is mentally taxing and,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13349217" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present study used brain imaging to determine the neural basis of individual differences in multitasking, the ability to successfully perform at least two attentiondemanding tasks at once. Multitasking is mentally taxing and, therefore, should recruit the prefrontal cortex to maintain task goals when coordinating attentional control and managing the cognitive load. To investigate this possibility, we used functional neuroimaging to assess neural activity in both extraordinary multitaskers (Supertaskers) and control subjects who were matched on working memory capacity. Participants performed a challenging dual N-back task in which auditory and visual stimuli were presented simultaneously, requiring independent and continuous maintenance, updating, and verification of the contents of verbal and spatial working memory. With the task requirements and considerable cognitive load that accompanied increasing N-back, relative to the controls, the multitasking of Supertaskers was characterized by more efficient recruitment of anterior cingulate and posterior frontopolar prefrontal cortices. Results are interpreted using neuropsychological and evolutionary perspectives on individual differences in multitasking ability and the neural correlates of attentional control.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13349217" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dcd30bf4fa3a6aa4752c3ef90330c4fb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45441185,"asset_id":13349217,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45441185/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32586727" href="https://utah.academia.edu/DavidStrayer">David Strayer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32586727" type="text/json">{"id":32586727,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Strayer","domain_name":"utah","page_name":"DavidStrayer","display_name":"David Strayer","profile_url":"https://utah.academia.edu/DavidStrayer?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13349217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13349217"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13349217, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13349217", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13349217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13349217; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13349217"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13349217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13349217"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13349217; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13349217]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13349217").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13349217").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13349217"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17081" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attentional_Capture">Attentional Capture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17081" type="text/json">{"id":17081,"name":"Attentional Capture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attentional_Capture?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13349217]'), work: {"id":13349217,"title":"On Supertaskers and the Neural Basis of Efficient Multitasking","created_at":"2015-06-27T07:36:24.408-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13349217/On_Supertaskers_and_the_Neural_Basis_of_Efficient_Multitasking?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_13349217","summary":"The present study used brain imaging to determine the neural basis of individual differences in multitasking, the ability to successfully perform at least two attentiondemanding tasks at once. Multitasking is mentally taxing and, therefore, should recruit the prefrontal cortex to maintain task goals when coordinating attentional control and managing the cognitive load. To investigate this possibility, we used functional neuroimaging to assess neural activity in both extraordinary multitaskers (Supertaskers) and control subjects who were matched on working memory capacity. Participants performed a challenging dual N-back task in which auditory and visual stimuli were presented simultaneously, requiring independent and continuous maintenance, updating, and verification of the contents of verbal and spatial working memory. With the task requirements and considerable cognitive load that accompanied increasing N-back, relative to the controls, the multitasking of Supertaskers was characterized by more efficient recruitment of anterior cingulate and posterior frontopolar prefrontal cortices. Results are interpreted using neuropsychological and evolutionary perspectives on individual differences in multitasking ability and the neural correlates of attentional control.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45441185,"asset_id":13349217,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32586727,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Strayer","domain_name":"utah","page_name":"DavidStrayer","display_name":"David Strayer","profile_url":"https://utah.academia.edu/DavidStrayer?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":17081,"name":"Attentional Capture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attentional_Capture?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":30048,"name":"Individual Differences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Individual_Differences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":80606,"name":"Multitasking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multitasking?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14219878" data-work_id="14219878" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14219878/The_Effects_of_Prenatal_Methamphetamine_Exposure_on_Childhood_Growth_Patterns_from_Birth_to_3_Years_of_Age">The Effects of Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure on Childhood Growth Patterns from Birth to 3 Years of Age</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective-Efforts to understand specific effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure on cognitive processing are hampered by high rates of concomitant alcohol use during pregnancy. We examined whether neurocognitive systems differed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14219878" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective-Efforts to understand specific effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure on cognitive processing are hampered by high rates of concomitant alcohol use during pregnancy. We examined whether neurocognitive systems differed among children with differing prenatal teratogenic exposures when they engaged in a verbal memory task.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14219878" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="11824ffc1b3d615d42ef7614a754af68" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44451094,"asset_id":14219878,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44451094/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33203206" href="https://mayoclinic.academia.edu/ChrisDerauf">Chris Derauf</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33203206" type="text/json">{"id":33203206,"first_name":"Chris","last_name":"Derauf","domain_name":"mayoclinic","page_name":"ChrisDerauf","display_name":"Chris Derauf","profile_url":"https://mayoclinic.academia.edu/ChrisDerauf?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14219878 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14219878"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14219878, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14219878", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14219878 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14219878; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14219878"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14219878 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14219878"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14219878; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14219878]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14219878").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14219878").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14219878"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">40</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4583" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development">Child Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4583" type="text/json">{"id":4583,"name":"Child Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16664" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment">Risk assessment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16664" type="text/json">{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14219878]'), work: {"id":14219878,"title":"The Effects of Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure on Childhood Growth Patterns from Birth to 3 Years of Age","created_at":"2015-07-20T12:28:38.942-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14219878/The_Effects_of_Prenatal_Methamphetamine_Exposure_on_Childhood_Growth_Patterns_from_Birth_to_3_Years_of_Age?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_14219878","summary":"Objective-Efforts to understand specific effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure on cognitive processing are hampered by high rates of concomitant alcohol use during pregnancy. We examined whether neurocognitive systems differed among children with differing prenatal teratogenic exposures when they engaged in a verbal memory task.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44451094,"asset_id":14219878,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33203206,"first_name":"Chris","last_name":"Derauf","domain_name":"mayoclinic","page_name":"ChrisDerauf","display_name":"Chris Derauf","profile_url":"https://mayoclinic.academia.edu/ChrisDerauf?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":4583,"name":"Child Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=2639"},{"id":46858,"name":"Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory?f_ri=2639"},{"id":47155,"name":"Birth Weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birth_Weight?f_ri=2639"},{"id":52176,"name":"Brain Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Mapping?f_ri=2639"},{"id":54961,"name":"Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth?f_ri=2639"},{"id":57810,"name":"Child Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Behavior?f_ri=2639"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2639"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=2639"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=2639"},{"id":100292,"name":"Methamphetamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methamphetamine?f_ri=2639"},{"id":121705,"name":"Ethanol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethanol?f_ri=2639"},{"id":129428,"name":"Drug Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Addiction?f_ri=2639"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=2639"},{"id":164264,"name":"Body Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Size?f_ri=2639"},{"id":174502,"name":"Incidence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incidence?f_ri=2639"},{"id":222437,"name":"Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exposure?f_ri=2639"},{"id":229238,"name":"Developmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental?f_ri=2639"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=2639"},{"id":313857,"name":"Risk Factor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factor?f_ri=2639"},{"id":321566,"name":"Behavioral and Developmental Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_and_Developmental_Pediatrics?f_ri=2639"},{"id":330953,"name":"Longitudinal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Longitudinal_Studies?f_ri=2639"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=2639"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=2639"},{"id":489727,"name":"Prognosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prognosis?f_ri=2639"},{"id":546419,"name":"Age Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Factors?f_ri=2639"},{"id":601304,"name":"Verbal Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Verbal_Memory?f_ri=2639"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=2639"},{"id":797418,"name":"Gestational Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gestational_Age?f_ri=2639"},{"id":987472,"name":"Gestation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gestation?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1281259,"name":"Neonatal abstinence syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neonatal_abstinence_syndrome?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1355491,"name":"Pregnancy Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy_Outcome?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1627527,"name":"Cognition disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition_disorders?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1819399,"name":"Case Control Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Control_Studies?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1878977,"name":"Maternal Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_Exposure?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15246742" data-work_id="15246742" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15246742/Characterization_of_7_and_19_month_old_Tg2576_mice_using_multimodal_in_vivo_imaging_limitations_as_a_translatable_model_of_Alzheimers_disease">Characterization of 7- and 19-month-old Tg2576 mice using multimodal in vivo imaging: limitations as a translatable model of Alzheimer's disease</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">With 90% of neuroscience clinical trials failing to see efficacy, there is a clear need for the development of disease biomarkers that can improve the ability to predict human Alzheimer's disease (AD) trial outcomes from animal studies.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15246742" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">With 90% of neuroscience clinical trials failing to see efficacy, there is a clear need for the development of disease biomarkers that can improve the ability to predict human Alzheimer's disease (AD) trial outcomes from animal studies. Several lines of evidence, including genetic susceptibility and disease studies, suggest the utility of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) as a potential biomarker with congruency between humans and animal models. For example, early in AD, patients present with decreased glucose metabolism in the entorhinal cortex and several regions of the brain associated with disease pathology and cognitive decline. While several of the commonly used AD mouse models fail to show all the hallmarks of the disease or the limbic to cortical trajectory, there has not been a systematic evaluation of imaging-derived biomarkers across animal models of AD, contrary to what has been achieved in recent years in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) . If animal AD models were found to mimic endpoints that correlate with the disease onset, progression, and relapse, then the identification of such markers in animal models could afford the field a translational tool to help bridge the preclinical-clinical gap. Using a combination of FDG-PET and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined the Tg2576 mouse for global and regional measures of brain glucose metabolism at 7 and 19 months of age. In experiment 1 we observed that at younger ages, when some plaque burden and cognitive deficits have been reported, Tg2576 mice showed hypermetabolism as assessed with FDG-PET. This hypermetabolism decreased with age to levels similar to wild type (WT) counterparts such that the 19-month-old transgenic (Tg) mice did not differ from age matched WTs. In experiment 2, using cerebral blood volume (CBV) fMRI, we demonstrated that the hypermetabolism observed in Tg mice at 7 months could not be explained by changes in hemodynamic parameters as no differences were observed when compared with WTs. Taken together, these data identify brain hypermetabolism in Tg2576 mice which cannot be accounted for by changes in vascular compliance. Instead, the hypermetabolism may reflect a neuronal compensatory mechanism. Our data are discussed in the context of disease biomarker identification and target validation, suggesting little or no utility for translational based studies using Tg2576 mice. (M. Day). Neurobiology of Aging 33 (2012) 933-944 <a href="http://www.elsevier.com/locate/neuaging" rel="nofollow">www.elsevier.com/locate/neuaging</a> 0197-4580/$ -see front matter</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15246742" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a94ee61e38dc0fd38f1bc1fb65840988" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43403996,"asset_id":15246742,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43403996/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34316463" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DanielLlano">Daniel Llano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34316463" type="text/json">{"id":34316463,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Llano","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DanielLlano","display_name":"Daniel Llano","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DanielLlano?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15246742 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15246742"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15246742, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15246742", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15246742 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15246742; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15246742"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15246742 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15246742"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15246742; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15246742]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15246742").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15246742").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15246742"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">24</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3233" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Studies">Animal Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3233" type="text/json">{"id":3233,"name":"Animal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Studies?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4531" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial">Clinical Trial</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4531" type="text/json">{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9224" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_MRI">Functional MRI</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9224" type="text/json">{"id":9224,"name":"Functional MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_MRI?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15246742]'), work: {"id":15246742,"title":"Characterization of 7- and 19-month-old Tg2576 mice using multimodal in vivo imaging: limitations as a translatable model of Alzheimer's disease","created_at":"2015-08-28T03:59:01.533-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15246742/Characterization_of_7_and_19_month_old_Tg2576_mice_using_multimodal_in_vivo_imaging_limitations_as_a_translatable_model_of_Alzheimers_disease?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_15246742","summary":"With 90% of neuroscience clinical trials failing to see efficacy, there is a clear need for the development of disease biomarkers that can improve the ability to predict human Alzheimer's disease (AD) trial outcomes from animal studies. Several lines of evidence, including genetic susceptibility and disease studies, suggest the utility of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) as a potential biomarker with congruency between humans and animal models. For example, early in AD, patients present with decreased glucose metabolism in the entorhinal cortex and several regions of the brain associated with disease pathology and cognitive decline. While several of the commonly used AD mouse models fail to show all the hallmarks of the disease or the limbic to cortical trajectory, there has not been a systematic evaluation of imaging-derived biomarkers across animal models of AD, contrary to what has been achieved in recent years in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) . If animal AD models were found to mimic endpoints that correlate with the disease onset, progression, and relapse, then the identification of such markers in animal models could afford the field a translational tool to help bridge the preclinical-clinical gap. Using a combination of FDG-PET and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined the Tg2576 mouse for global and regional measures of brain glucose metabolism at 7 and 19 months of age. In experiment 1 we observed that at younger ages, when some plaque burden and cognitive deficits have been reported, Tg2576 mice showed hypermetabolism as assessed with FDG-PET. This hypermetabolism decreased with age to levels similar to wild type (WT) counterparts such that the 19-month-old transgenic (Tg) mice did not differ from age matched WTs. In experiment 2, using cerebral blood volume (CBV) fMRI, we demonstrated that the hypermetabolism observed in Tg mice at 7 months could not be explained by changes in hemodynamic parameters as no differences were observed when compared with WTs. Taken together, these data identify brain hypermetabolism in Tg2576 mice which cannot be accounted for by changes in vascular compliance. Instead, the hypermetabolism may reflect a neuronal compensatory mechanism. Our data are discussed in the context of disease biomarker identification and target validation, suggesting little or no utility for translational based studies using Tg2576 mice. (M. Day). Neurobiology of Aging 33 (2012) 933-944 www.elsevier.com/locate/neuaging 0197-4580/$ -see front matter","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43403996,"asset_id":15246742,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34316463,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Llano","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DanielLlano","display_name":"Daniel Llano","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DanielLlano?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":3233,"name":"Animal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Studies?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":9224,"name":"Functional MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_MRI?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":23518,"name":"Positron Emission Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Positron_Emission_Tomography?f_ri=2639"},{"id":25804,"name":"Neurobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurobiology?f_ri=2639"},{"id":36213,"name":"Energy Metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Metabolism?f_ri=2639"},{"id":37931,"name":"Transgenic Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transgenic_Mice?f_ri=2639"},{"id":71300,"name":"Blood Glucose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Glucose?f_ri=2639"},{"id":71431,"name":"Glucose Metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glucose_Metabolism?f_ri=2639"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=2639"},{"id":151951,"name":"Animal Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Model?f_ri=2639"},{"id":189685,"name":"In Vivo Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/In_Vivo_Imaging?f_ri=2639"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":319071,"name":"Entorhinal Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entorhinal_Cortex?f_ri=2639"},{"id":323415,"name":"Mouse Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mouse_Model?f_ri=2639"},{"id":546419,"name":"Age Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Factors?f_ri=2639"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results?f_ri=2639"},{"id":745296,"name":"Neurobiology of Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurobiology_of_Aging?f_ri=2639"},{"id":891140,"name":"Cognitive Decline","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Decline?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1120234,"name":"Alzheimer Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alzheimer_Disease?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1153872,"name":"Genetic Susceptibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Susceptibility?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2028686,"name":"Amyloid Beta Precursor Protein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amyloid_Beta_Precursor_Protein?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76132289" data-work_id="76132289" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76132289/A_paedophile_scan_to_prevent_child_sexual_abuse_in_child_care_A_thought_experiment_to_problematize_the_notion_of_alignment_in_Responsible_Research_and_Innovation">A paedophile scan to prevent child sexual abuse in child care? A thought experiment to problematize the notion of alignment in Responsible Research and Innovation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is a science policy concept that gained traction from 2000 onwards in the EU and US, in which alignment on purposes and values between different stakeholders is a key aspect. This thought... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76132289" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is a science policy concept that gained traction from 2000 onwards in the EU and US, in which alignment on purposes and values between different stakeholders is a key aspect. This thought experiment problematizes this particular notion: ethically acceptable and societally desirable outcomes are not necessarily achieved when alignment is a consequence of early closure. To argue this point, we took the example of the potential development of scanning technology for the detection of paedophilia among job applicants, for which indicators of broad societal support were found in an RRI project on neuroimaging. We analysed this case by looking through several lenses, obtained by structured and non-structured literature searches. We explored how facts and values are masked when a taboo topic is considered. This results in the black boxing of the problem definition, potential solutions and development trajectories. Complex unstructured problems can t...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76132289" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3525e1658cbd82b29eea6c7e64c1884a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83801004,"asset_id":76132289,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83801004/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="500953" href="https://vu-nl.academia.edu/IMdeJong">Irja Marije de Jong</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="500953" type="text/json">{"id":500953,"first_name":"Irja Marije","last_name":"de Jong","domain_name":"vu-nl","page_name":"IMdeJong","display_name":"Irja Marije de Jong","profile_url":"https://vu-nl.academia.edu/IMdeJong?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/500953/172710/4904717/s65_marije.de_jong.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76132289 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76132289"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76132289, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76132289", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_76132289 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76132289; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_76132289"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_76132289 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76132289"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76132289; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76132289]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76132289").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76132289").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76132289"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5547" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy">Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5547" type="text/json">{"id":5547,"name":"Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14249" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Care">Child Care</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14249" type="text/json">{"id":14249,"name":"Child Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Care?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76132289]'), work: {"id":76132289,"title":"A paedophile scan to prevent child sexual abuse in child care? A thought experiment to problematize the notion of alignment in Responsible Research and Innovation","created_at":"2022-04-11T08:58:02.935-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76132289/A_paedophile_scan_to_prevent_child_sexual_abuse_in_child_care_A_thought_experiment_to_problematize_the_notion_of_alignment_in_Responsible_Research_and_Innovation?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_76132289","summary":"Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is a science policy concept that gained traction from 2000 onwards in the EU and US, in which alignment on purposes and values between different stakeholders is a key aspect. This thought experiment problematizes this particular notion: ethically acceptable and societally desirable outcomes are not necessarily achieved when alignment is a consequence of early closure. To argue this point, we took the example of the potential development of scanning technology for the detection of paedophilia among job applicants, for which indicators of broad societal support were found in an RRI project on neuroimaging. We analysed this case by looking through several lenses, obtained by structured and non-structured literature searches. We explored how facts and values are masked when a taboo topic is considered. This results in the black boxing of the problem definition, potential solutions and development trajectories. Complex unstructured problems can t...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83801004,"asset_id":76132289,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":500953,"first_name":"Irja Marije","last_name":"de Jong","domain_name":"vu-nl","page_name":"IMdeJong","display_name":"Irja Marije de Jong","profile_url":"https://vu-nl.academia.edu/IMdeJong?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/500953/172710/4904717/s65_marije.de_jong.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":5547,"name":"Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":14249,"name":"Child Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Care?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":19870,"name":"Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research?f_ri=2639"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2639"},{"id":40023,"name":"Social Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Responsibility?f_ri=2639"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2639"},{"id":61534,"name":"Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thinking?f_ri=2639"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=2639"},{"id":73740,"name":"Child Sexual Abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Sexual_Abuse?f_ri=2639"},{"id":181882,"name":"Pedophilia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pedophilia?f_ri=2639"},{"id":355304,"name":"Public Engagement with Science and Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Engagement_with_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1164089,"name":"Responsible Research and Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Responsible_Research_and_Innovation?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51511125" data-work_id="51511125" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51511125/Neuroimaging_of_Bipolar_Disorder_Emphasis_on_Novel_MRI_Techniques_MRI_TECHNIQUES_IN_BIPOLAR_DISORDER">Neuroimaging of Bipolar Disorder: Emphasis on Novel MRI Techniques: MRI TECHNIQUES IN BIPOLAR DISORDER</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The explosion of neuroimaging in the last decade has contributed to a revision of the concept of bipolar disorder, which was traditionally seen as a cyclic illness with return to normality between episodes lacking "by default" permanent... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51511125" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The explosion of neuroimaging in the last decade has contributed to a revision of the concept of bipolar disorder, which was traditionally seen as a cyclic illness with return to normality between episodes lacking "by default" permanent brain abnormalities. A conspicuous corpus of neuroimaging and neuropathology studies indicates that brain changes occur in bipolar disorder, although their etiology and their relation to clinical features are yet to be established. This review summarizes the results from magnetic resonance imaging studies using conventional and novel techniques in patients with bipolar disorder.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51511125" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="195e4ff7fef46eb8b6aab6dacb978151" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69205933,"asset_id":51511125,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69205933/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33254853" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StefaniaBruno2">Stefania Bruno</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33254853" type="text/json">{"id":33254853,"first_name":"Stefania","last_name":"Bruno","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StefaniaBruno2","display_name":"Stefania Bruno","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StefaniaBruno2?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51511125 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51511125"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51511125, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51511125", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_51511125 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51511125; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_51511125"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_51511125 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="51511125"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51511125; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51511125]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51511125").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51511125").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51511125"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3230" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipolar_Disorder">Bipolar Disorder</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3230" type="text/json">{"id":3230,"name":"Bipolar Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipolar_Disorder?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8929" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion_Tensor_Imaging">Diffusion Tensor Imaging</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8929" type="text/json">{"id":8929,"name":"Diffusion Tensor Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion_Tensor_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51511125]'), work: {"id":51511125,"title":"Neuroimaging of Bipolar Disorder: Emphasis on Novel MRI Techniques: MRI TECHNIQUES IN BIPOLAR DISORDER","created_at":"2021-09-08T10:05:05.268-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51511125/Neuroimaging_of_Bipolar_Disorder_Emphasis_on_Novel_MRI_Techniques_MRI_TECHNIQUES_IN_BIPOLAR_DISORDER?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_51511125","summary":"The explosion of neuroimaging in the last decade has contributed to a revision of the concept of bipolar disorder, which was traditionally seen as a cyclic illness with return to normality between episodes lacking \"by default\" permanent brain abnormalities. A conspicuous corpus of neuroimaging and neuropathology studies indicates that brain changes occur in bipolar disorder, although their etiology and their relation to clinical features are yet to be established. This review summarizes the results from magnetic resonance imaging studies using conventional and novel techniques in patients with bipolar disorder.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69205933,"asset_id":51511125,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33254853,"first_name":"Stefania","last_name":"Bruno","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StefaniaBruno2","display_name":"Stefania Bruno","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StefaniaBruno2?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":3230,"name":"Bipolar Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipolar_Disorder?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":8929,"name":"Diffusion Tensor Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion_Tensor_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":19536,"name":"Morphometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphometry?f_ri=2639"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2639"},{"id":103265,"name":"Voxel Based Morphometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Voxel_Based_Morphometry?f_ri=2639"},{"id":121939,"name":"Technique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technique?f_ri=2639"},{"id":228487,"name":"Epilepsia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epilepsia?f_ri=2639"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":995088,"name":"Voxel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Voxel?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1024379,"name":"Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":3118073,"name":"Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion_magnetic_resonance_imaging?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14824176" data-work_id="14824176" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14824176/Predictors_of_amygdala_activation_during_the_processing_of_emotional_stimuli_A_meta_analysis_of_385_PET_and_fMRI_studies">Predictors of amygdala activation during the processing of emotional stimuli: A meta-analysis of 385 PET and fMRI studies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Although amygdala activity has been purported to be modulated by affective and nonaffective factors, considerable controversy remains on its precise functional nature. We conducted a meta-analysis of 385 functional neuroimaging studies of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14824176" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Although amygdala activity has been purported to be modulated by affective and nonaffective factors, considerable controversy remains on its precise functional nature. We conducted a meta-analysis of 385 functional neuroimaging studies of emotional processing, examining the effects of experimental characteristics on the probability of detecting amygdala activity. All emotional stimuli were associated with higher probability of amygdala activity than neutral stimuli. Comparable effects were observed for most negative and positive emotions, however there was a higher probability of activation for fear and disgust relative to happiness. The level of attentional processing affected amygdala activity, as passive processing was associated with a higher probability of activation than active task instructions. Gustatory-olfactory and visual stimulus modalities increased the probability of activation relative to internal stimuli. Aversive learning increased the probability of amygdala activation as well. There was some evidence of hemispheric specialization with a relative left-lateralization for stimuli containing language and a relative right-lateralization for masked stimuli. Methodological variables, such as type of analysis and magnet strength, were also independent predictors of amygdala activation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14824176" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="41168cb82bf10eccd33072545836292e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43873254,"asset_id":14824176,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43873254/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33784142" href="https://uel.academia.edu/CynthiaFu">Cynthia H Y Fu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33784142" type="text/json">{"id":33784142,"first_name":"Cynthia","last_name":"Fu","domain_name":"uel","page_name":"CynthiaFu","display_name":"Cynthia H Y Fu","profile_url":"https://uel.academia.edu/CynthiaFu?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14824176 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14824176"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14824176, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14824176", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14824176 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14824176; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14824176"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14824176 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14824176"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14824176; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14824176]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14824176").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14824176").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14824176"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion">Emotion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="254" type="text/json">{"id":254,"name":"Emotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14824176]'), work: {"id":14824176,"title":"Predictors of amygdala activation during the processing of emotional stimuli: A meta-analysis of 385 PET and fMRI studies","created_at":"2015-08-10T08:33:46.190-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14824176/Predictors_of_amygdala_activation_during_the_processing_of_emotional_stimuli_A_meta_analysis_of_385_PET_and_fMRI_studies?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_14824176","summary":"Although amygdala activity has been purported to be modulated by affective and nonaffective factors, considerable controversy remains on its precise functional nature. We conducted a meta-analysis of 385 functional neuroimaging studies of emotional processing, examining the effects of experimental characteristics on the probability of detecting amygdala activity. All emotional stimuli were associated with higher probability of amygdala activity than neutral stimuli. Comparable effects were observed for most negative and positive emotions, however there was a higher probability of activation for fear and disgust relative to happiness. The level of attentional processing affected amygdala activity, as passive processing was associated with a higher probability of activation than active task instructions. Gustatory-olfactory and visual stimulus modalities increased the probability of activation relative to internal stimuli. Aversive learning increased the probability of amygdala activation as well. There was some evidence of hemispheric specialization with a relative left-lateralization for stimuli containing language and a relative right-lateralization for masked stimuli. Methodological variables, such as type of analysis and magnet strength, were also independent predictors of amygdala activation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43873254,"asset_id":14824176,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33784142,"first_name":"Cynthia","last_name":"Fu","domain_name":"uel","page_name":"CynthiaFu","display_name":"Cynthia H Y Fu","profile_url":"https://uel.academia.edu/CynthiaFu?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":254,"name":"Emotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=2639"},{"id":23518,"name":"Positron Emission Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Positron_Emission_Tomography?f_ri=2639"},{"id":29916,"name":"PET","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PET?f_ri=2639"},{"id":42162,"name":"Emotions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotions?f_ri=2639"},{"id":159962,"name":"Amygdala","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amygdala?f_ri=2639"},{"id":218206,"name":"Meta Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meta_Analysis?f_ri=2639"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=2639"},{"id":430705,"name":"Hemispheric Specialization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemispheric_Specialization?f_ri=2639"},{"id":509029,"name":"Functional Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639"},{"id":601292,"name":"Positive Emotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Positive_Emotion?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1763942,"name":"Probability of Detection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Probability_of_Detection?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11650694" data-work_id="11650694" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11650694/An_Assay_for_Human_Chemosignals">An Assay for Human Chemosignals</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Like all mammals, humans use chemosignals. Nevertheless, only few such chemosignals have been identifi ed. Here we describe an experimental arrangement that casts a wide net for the possible chemosignaling functions of target molecules.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11650694" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Like all mammals, humans use chemosignals. Nevertheless, only few such chemosignals have been identifi ed. Here we describe an experimental arrangement that casts a wide net for the possible chemosignaling functions of target molecules. This experimental arrangement can be used in concert with various methods for measuring human behavioral and brain responses, including psychophysiology and brain imaging. Moreover, many of the methodological issues we describe are relevant to any study with human chemosignals.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11650694" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="68efd786451f02c8995918f18f59a432" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46589371,"asset_id":11650694,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46589371/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28467859" href="https://fhcrc.academia.edu/IdanFrumin">Idan Frumin, Ph.D.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28467859" type="text/json">{"id":28467859,"first_name":"Idan","last_name":"Frumin, Ph.D.","domain_name":"fhcrc","page_name":"IdanFrumin","display_name":"Idan Frumin, Ph.D.","profile_url":"https://fhcrc.academia.edu/IdanFrumin?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28467859/9716447/18703539/s65_idan.frumin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11650694 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11650694"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11650694, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11650694", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11650694 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11650694; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11650694"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11650694 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11650694"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11650694; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11650694]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11650694").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11650694").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11650694"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4307" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior">Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4307" type="text/json">{"id":4307,"name":"Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38831" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction">Signal Transduction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38831" type="text/json">{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98942" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ovulation">Ovulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="98942" type="text/json">{"id":98942,"name":"Ovulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ovulation?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11650694]'), work: {"id":11650694,"title":"An Assay for Human Chemosignals","created_at":"2015-03-25T04:08:34.987-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11650694/An_Assay_for_Human_Chemosignals?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_11650694","summary":"Like all mammals, humans use chemosignals. Nevertheless, only few such chemosignals have been identifi ed. Here we describe an experimental arrangement that casts a wide net for the possible chemosignaling functions of target molecules. This experimental arrangement can be used in concert with various methods for measuring human behavioral and brain responses, including psychophysiology and brain imaging. Moreover, many of the methodological issues we describe are relevant to any study with human chemosignals.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46589371,"asset_id":11650694,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28467859,"first_name":"Idan","last_name":"Frumin, Ph.D.","domain_name":"fhcrc","page_name":"IdanFrumin","display_name":"Idan Frumin, Ph.D.","profile_url":"https://fhcrc.academia.edu/IdanFrumin?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28467859/9716447/18703539/s65_idan.frumin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":4307,"name":"Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":98942,"name":"Ovulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ovulation?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":102416,"name":"Smell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smell?f_ri=2639"},{"id":228471,"name":"Tears","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tears?f_ri=2639"},{"id":357416,"name":"Odors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Odors?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14235000 coauthored" data-work_id="14235000" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14235000/Genetic_influences_on_brain_developmental_trajectories_on_neuroimaging_studies_from_infancy_to_young_adulthood">Genetic influences on brain developmental trajectories on neuroimaging studies: from infancy to young adulthood</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Human brain development has been studied intensively with neuroimaging. However, little is known about how genes influence developmental brain trajectories, even though a significant number of genes (about 10,000, or approximately... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14235000" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Human brain development has been studied intensively with neuroimaging. However, little is known about how genes influence developmental brain trajectories, even though a significant number of genes (about 10,000, or approximately one-third) in the human genome are expressed primarily in the brain and during brain development. Interestingly, in addition to showing differential expression among tissues, many genes are differentially expressed across the ages (e.g., antagonistic pleiotropy). Age-specific gene expression plays an important role in several critical events in brain development, including neuronal cell migration, synaptogenesis and neurotransmitter receptor specificity, as well as in aging and neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). In addition, the majority of psychiatric and mental disorders are polygenic, and many have onsets during childhood and adolescence. In this review, we summarize the major findings from neuroimaging studies that link genetics with brain development, from infancy to young adulthood. Specifically, we focus on the heritability of brain structures across the ages, age-related genetic influences on brain development and sex-specific developmental trajectories.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14235000" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f5cb16f9749b547c8ac3b4119521ab43" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44422163,"asset_id":14235000,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44422163/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33207875" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VanessaDouet">Vanessa Douet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33207875" type="text/json">{"id":33207875,"first_name":"Vanessa","last_name":"Douet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VanessaDouet","display_name":"Vanessa Douet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VanessaDouet?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14235000">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14235000"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://hawaii.academia.edu/ChristineCloak">Christine Cloak</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14235000'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14235000').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14235000 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14235000"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14235000, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14235000", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14235000 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14235000; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14235000"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14235000 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14235000"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14235000; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14235000]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14235000").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14235000").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14235000"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging">Aging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6791" type="text/json">{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27784" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression">Gene expression</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27784" type="text/json">{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14235000]'), work: {"id":14235000,"title":"Genetic influences on brain developmental trajectories on neuroimaging studies: from infancy to young adulthood","created_at":"2015-07-20T15:38:42.482-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14235000/Genetic_influences_on_brain_developmental_trajectories_on_neuroimaging_studies_from_infancy_to_young_adulthood?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_14235000","summary":"Human brain development has been studied intensively with neuroimaging. However, little is known about how genes influence developmental brain trajectories, even though a significant number of genes (about 10,000, or approximately one-third) in the human genome are expressed primarily in the brain and during brain development. Interestingly, in addition to showing differential expression among tissues, many genes are differentially expressed across the ages (e.g., antagonistic pleiotropy). Age-specific gene expression plays an important role in several critical events in brain development, including neuronal cell migration, synaptogenesis and neurotransmitter receptor specificity, as well as in aging and neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). In addition, the majority of psychiatric and mental disorders are polygenic, and many have onsets during childhood and adolescence. In this review, we summarize the major findings from neuroimaging studies that link genetics with brain development, from infancy to young adulthood. Specifically, we focus on the heritability of brain structures across the ages, age-related genetic influences on brain development and sex-specific developmental trajectories.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44422163,"asset_id":14235000,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33207875,"first_name":"Vanessa","last_name":"Douet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VanessaDouet","display_name":"Vanessa Douet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VanessaDouet?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":670000,"first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Cloak","domain_name":"hawaii","page_name":"ChristineCloak","display_name":"Christine Cloak","profile_url":"https://hawaii.academia.edu/ChristineCloak?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":42324,"name":"Heredity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heredity?f_ri=2639"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2639"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=2639"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=2639"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33721554 coauthored" data-work_id="33721554" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33721554/UTILIDAD_DE_11_C_METIONINA_PET_CT_EN_NEUROONCOLOG%C3%8DA">UTILIDAD DE 11 C-METIONINA PET/CT EN NEUROONCOLOGÍA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Resumen La tomografía por emisión de positrones con metionina carbono 11 (11 C-metionina PET/TC) se utiliza en la evaluación de los tumores primarios del sistema nervioso central. Describimos nuestra expe-riencia sobre los primeros 4... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33721554" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Resumen La tomografía por emisión de positrones con metionina carbono 11 (11 C-metionina PET/TC) se utiliza en la evaluación de los tumores primarios del sistema nervioso central. Describimos nuestra expe-riencia sobre los primeros 4 pacientes con tumores de la serie glial estudiados con 11 C-metionina PET/TC. Este es un estudio descriptivo, observacional y prospectivo. Se presentan 4 pacientes entre 38-50 años de edad con diagnóstico de gliomas (clasificación de la OMS). A todos se les realizó RM y 11 C-metionina PET/TC para evaluar actividad tumoral y diferenciar progresión tumoral de pseudoprogresión. Caso 1, gliomatosis cerebri grado II posradioterapia. Caso 2, glioblastoma grado IV postratamiento RT + temozolomida. Caso 3, oligodendroglioma grado II posradioterapia en 1993. Caso 4, oligoastrocitoma anaplásico grado III postratamiento RT + temozolo-mida. El patrón de captación de la 11 C-metionina comparativamente con la RM, demostró progresión tumoral en los casos 1, 3 y 4; en el caso 2 mostró captación aunque el diagnóstico final fue pseudoprogresión. A diferencia del PET con 18 fluordeoxiglucosa, la captación de 11 C-metionina en el tejido cerebral normal y en la pseudopro-gresión es baja, y los gliomas se visualizan como áreas metabólicamente activas. En los casos presentados, el 11 C-metionina PET/TC proveyó información valiosa sobre el comportamiento y extensión de la lesión, aunque en uno de los casos presentados no diferenció progresión tumoral de pseudoprogresión. El 11 C-metionina PET/ TC sería una herramienta útil en el estudio y seguimiento de los pacientes con gliomas. Abstract Utility of 11 C-methionine PET/CT in neuro-oncology. Positron emission tomography (PET) with 11 C-methionine (11 C-methionine PET/CT) is a new technique used to evaluate primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. We describe our experience regarding the first 4 patients with glial tumors and 11 C-methionine PET/CT. This is a descriptive, observational and prospective study of 4 patients between 38-50 years of age, with different gliomas (WHO classification). MRI and 11 C-methionine PET/CT were performed in all cases. Case 1, gliomatosis cerebri grade II post-radiotherapy. Case 2, oligodendroglioma grade II diagnosed and treated with radiotherapy in 1993. Case 3, glioblastoma grade IV post-radiotherapy + temozolomide. Case 4, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma grade III post-radiotherapy + temozolomide. The pattern of 11 C-methionine uptake compared with MRI showed tumor progression in cases 1, 3 and 4, and in case 2 showed uptake although the final diagnosis was pseudoprogression. Unlike 18 fluordeoxiglucose PET/TC, 11 C-methionine uptake in normal brain tissue and pseudoprogression is low, and gliomas are displayed as metabolically active areas. The 11 C-methionine PET/CT provided valuable information on the tumoral behavior and extension, although in one case presented did not differentiate tumor progression from pseudoprogression. 11 C-methionine PET/CT could be a useful tool in the study and follow-up to patients with gliomas.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33721554" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="89fc317dd90284e0f5cee8b2139b8155" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53717532,"asset_id":33721554,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53717532/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="65970834" href="https://uba.academia.edu/AlejandraBaez">Alejandra Báez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="65970834" type="text/json">{"id":65970834,"first_name":"Alejandra","last_name":"Báez","domain_name":"uba","page_name":"AlejandraBaez","display_name":"Alejandra Báez","profile_url":"https://uba.academia.edu/AlejandraBaez?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/65970834/17190954/17329159/s65_alejandra.ba_ez.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-33721554">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-33721554"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarianaBaez5">Mariana Báez</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-33721554'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-33721554').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33721554 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33721554"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33721554, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33721554", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33721554 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33721554; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33721554"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33721554 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33721554"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33721554; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33721554]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33721554").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33721554").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33721554"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="623" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurology">Neurology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="623" type="text/json">{"id":623,"name":"Neurology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="79460" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurooncology">Neurooncology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="79460" type="text/json">{"id":79460,"name":"Neurooncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurooncology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="115895" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_oncology">Clinical oncology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="115895" type="text/json">{"id":115895,"name":"Clinical oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_oncology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33721554]'), work: {"id":33721554,"title":"UTILIDAD DE 11 C-METIONINA PET/CT EN NEUROONCOLOGÍA","created_at":"2017-06-30T14:58:54.467-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33721554/UTILIDAD_DE_11_C_METIONINA_PET_CT_EN_NEUROONCOLOG%C3%8DA?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_33721554","summary":"Resumen La tomografía por emisión de positrones con metionina carbono 11 (11 C-metionina PET/TC) se utiliza en la evaluación de los tumores primarios del sistema nervioso central. Describimos nuestra expe-riencia sobre los primeros 4 pacientes con tumores de la serie glial estudiados con 11 C-metionina PET/TC. Este es un estudio descriptivo, observacional y prospectivo. Se presentan 4 pacientes entre 38-50 años de edad con diagnóstico de gliomas (clasificación de la OMS). A todos se les realizó RM y 11 C-metionina PET/TC para evaluar actividad tumoral y diferenciar progresión tumoral de pseudoprogresión. Caso 1, gliomatosis cerebri grado II posradioterapia. Caso 2, glioblastoma grado IV postratamiento RT + temozolomida. Caso 3, oligodendroglioma grado II posradioterapia en 1993. Caso 4, oligoastrocitoma anaplásico grado III postratamiento RT + temozolo-mida. El patrón de captación de la 11 C-metionina comparativamente con la RM, demostró progresión tumoral en los casos 1, 3 y 4; en el caso 2 mostró captación aunque el diagnóstico final fue pseudoprogresión. A diferencia del PET con 18 fluordeoxiglucosa, la captación de 11 C-metionina en el tejido cerebral normal y en la pseudopro-gresión es baja, y los gliomas se visualizan como áreas metabólicamente activas. En los casos presentados, el 11 C-metionina PET/TC proveyó información valiosa sobre el comportamiento y extensión de la lesión, aunque en uno de los casos presentados no diferenció progresión tumoral de pseudoprogresión. El 11 C-metionina PET/ TC sería una herramienta útil en el estudio y seguimiento de los pacientes con gliomas. Abstract Utility of 11 C-methionine PET/CT in neuro-oncology. Positron emission tomography (PET) with 11 C-methionine (11 C-methionine PET/CT) is a new technique used to evaluate primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. We describe our experience regarding the first 4 patients with glial tumors and 11 C-methionine PET/CT. This is a descriptive, observational and prospective study of 4 patients between 38-50 years of age, with different gliomas (WHO classification). MRI and 11 C-methionine PET/CT were performed in all cases. Case 1, gliomatosis cerebri grade II post-radiotherapy. Case 2, oligodendroglioma grade II diagnosed and treated with radiotherapy in 1993. Case 3, glioblastoma grade IV post-radiotherapy + temozolomide. Case 4, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma grade III post-radiotherapy + temozolomide. The pattern of 11 C-methionine uptake compared with MRI showed tumor progression in cases 1, 3 and 4, and in case 2 showed uptake although the final diagnosis was pseudoprogression. Unlike 18 fluordeoxiglucose PET/TC, 11 C-methionine uptake in normal brain tissue and pseudoprogression is low, and gliomas are displayed as metabolically active areas. The 11 C-methionine PET/CT provided valuable information on the tumoral behavior and extension, although in one case presented did not differentiate tumor progression from pseudoprogression. 11 C-methionine PET/CT could be a useful tool in the study and follow-up to patients with gliomas.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53717532,"asset_id":33721554,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":65970834,"first_name":"Alejandra","last_name":"Báez","domain_name":"uba","page_name":"AlejandraBaez","display_name":"Alejandra Báez","profile_url":"https://uba.academia.edu/AlejandraBaez?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/65970834/17190954/17329159/s65_alejandra.ba_ez.jpg"},{"id":66930897,"first_name":"Mariana","last_name":"Báez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarianaBaez5","display_name":"Mariana Báez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarianaBaez5?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":623,"name":"Neurology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":79460,"name":"Neurooncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurooncology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":115895,"name":"Clinical oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_oncology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64834600" data-work_id="64834600" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64834600/Stereoelectroencephalography_in_Children_and_Adolescents_With_Difficult_to_Localize_Refractory_Focal_Epilepsy">Stereoelectroencephalography in Children and Adolescents With Difficult-to-Localize Refractory Focal Epilepsy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">BACKGROUND: Although stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) has been shown to be a valuable tool for preoperative decision making in focal epilepsy, there are few reports addressing the utility and safety of SEEG methodology applied to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64834600" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">BACKGROUND: Although stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) has been shown to be a valuable tool for preoperative decision making in focal epilepsy, there are few reports addressing the utility and safety of SEEG methodology applied to children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To present the results of our early experience using SEEG in pediatric patients with difficult-to-localize epilepsy who were not considered candidates for subdural grid evaluation. METHODS: Thirty children and adolescents with the diagnosis of medically refractory focal epilepsy (not considered ideal candidates for subdural grids and strip placement) underwent SEEG implantation. Demographics, electrophysiological localization of the hypothetical epileptogenic zone, complications, and seizure outcome after resections were analyzed. RESULTS: Eighteen patients (60%) underwent resections after SEEG implantations. In patients who did not undergo resections (12 patients), reasons included failure to localize the epileptogen...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64834600" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="45a7911d3fa282b68765ce010201aca0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76684856,"asset_id":64834600,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76684856/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="185326273" href="https://independent.academia.edu/lachhwanideepak">deepak lachhwani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="185326273" type="text/json">{"id":185326273,"first_name":"deepak","last_name":"lachhwani","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"lachhwanideepak","display_name":"deepak lachhwani","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/lachhwanideepak?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64834600 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64834600"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64834600, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64834600", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_64834600 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64834600; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_64834600"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_64834600 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64834600"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64834600; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64834600]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64834600").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64834600").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64834600"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="650" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosurgery">Neurosurgery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="650" type="text/json">{"id":650,"name":"Neurosurgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosurgery?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10904" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electroencephalography">Electroencephalography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10904" type="text/json">{"id":10904,"name":"Electroencephalography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electroencephalography?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64834600]'), work: {"id":64834600,"title":"Stereoelectroencephalography in Children and Adolescents With Difficult-to-Localize Refractory Focal Epilepsy","created_at":"2021-12-17T06:42:07.410-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/64834600/Stereoelectroencephalography_in_Children_and_Adolescents_With_Difficult_to_Localize_Refractory_Focal_Epilepsy?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_64834600","summary":"BACKGROUND: Although stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) has been shown to be a valuable tool for preoperative decision making in focal epilepsy, there are few reports addressing the utility and safety of SEEG methodology applied to children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To present the results of our early experience using SEEG in pediatric patients with difficult-to-localize epilepsy who were not considered candidates for subdural grid evaluation. METHODS: Thirty children and adolescents with the diagnosis of medically refractory focal epilepsy (not considered ideal candidates for subdural grids and strip placement) underwent SEEG implantation. Demographics, electrophysiological localization of the hypothetical epileptogenic zone, complications, and seizure outcome after resections were analyzed. RESULTS: Eighteen patients (60%) underwent resections after SEEG implantations. In patients who did not undergo resections (12 patients), reasons included failure to localize the epileptogen...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76684856,"asset_id":64834600,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":185326273,"first_name":"deepak","last_name":"lachhwani","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"lachhwanideepak","display_name":"deepak lachhwani","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/lachhwanideepak?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":650,"name":"Neurosurgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosurgery?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":10904,"name":"Electroencephalography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electroencephalography?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":52176,"name":"Brain Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Mapping?f_ri=2639"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=2639"},{"id":88861,"name":"Computer Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Systems?f_ri=2639"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=2639"},{"id":234187,"name":"Recurrence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recurrence?f_ri=2639"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2777952" data-work_id="2777952" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2777952/Affective_flexibility_evaluative_processing_goals_shape_amygdala_activity">Affective flexibility: evaluative processing goals shape amygdala activity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2777952" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5502aa13e122925ae908b3a0164b81df" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50546004,"asset_id":2777952,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50546004/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1577" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/WilliamACunningham">William A. Cunningham</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1577" type="text/json">{"id":1577,"first_name":"William A.","last_name":"Cunningham","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"WilliamACunningham","display_name":"William A. Cunningham","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/WilliamACunningham?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1577/717/831/s65_william_a..cunningham.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2777952 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2777952"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2777952, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2777952", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2777952 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2777952; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2777952"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2777952 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2777952"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2777952; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2777952]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2777952").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2777952").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2777952"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2777952]'), work: {"id":2777952,"title":"Affective flexibility: evaluative processing goals shape amygdala activity","created_at":"2013-03-02T21:41:18.640-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2777952/Affective_flexibility_evaluative_processing_goals_shape_amygdala_activity?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_2777952","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50546004,"asset_id":2777952,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1577,"first_name":"William A.","last_name":"Cunningham","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"WilliamACunningham","display_name":"William A. Cunningham","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/WilliamACunningham?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1577/717/831/s65_william_a..cunningham.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":8910,"name":"Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation?f_ri=2639"},{"id":18338,"name":"Attitudes (Social Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attitudes_Social_Psychology_?f_ri=2639"},{"id":29917,"name":"FMRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FMRI?f_ri=2639"},{"id":50238,"name":"Affect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affect?f_ri=2639"},{"id":87626,"name":"Psychological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological?f_ri=2639"},{"id":159962,"name":"Amygdala","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amygdala?f_ri=2639"},{"id":743604,"name":"Psychological Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Science?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1318954,"name":"Motivation Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation_Psychology?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_56538710" data-work_id="56538710" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56538710/Brain_Tissue_Pulsatility_is_Increased_in_Midlife_Depression_a_Comparative_Study_Using_Ultrasound_Tissue_Pulsatility_Imaging">Brain Tissue Pulsatility is Increased in Midlife Depression: a Comparative Study Using Ultrasound Tissue Pulsatility Imaging</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is consistently associated with late-life depression but poorly documented in midlife depression. It can be hypothesized that the relatively low sensitivity of conventional neuroimaging techniques does not... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_56538710" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is consistently associated with late-life depression but poorly documented in midlife depression. It can be hypothesized that the relatively low sensitivity of conventional neuroimaging techniques does not allow the detection of subtle CVD in midlife depression. We used tissue pulsatility imaging (TPI), a novel ultrasound (US) neuroimaging technique that has demonstrated good sensitivity to detect changes in the pulsatility of small brain volumes, to identify early and subtle changes in brain vascular function in midlife depression. We compared the maximum and mean brain tissue pulsatility (MaxBTP and MeanBTP), as identified by TPI, between three groups of middle-aged females matched for age: patients with depression (n=25), patients with remitted depression (n=24) and community controls (n=25). MRI arterial spin labeling, white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and transcranial doppler (TCD) were used as control conventional markers for CVD. We found no d...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/56538710" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="07c589d5596169b323650724d9a16781" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71876903,"asset_id":56538710,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71876903/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39683553" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ricAndersson">Frédéric Andersson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39683553" type="text/json">{"id":39683553,"first_name":"Frédéric","last_name":"Andersson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrédéricAndersson","display_name":"Frédéric Andersson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ricAndersson?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_56538710 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="56538710"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56538710, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_56538710", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_56538710 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56538710; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_56538710"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_56538710 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="56538710"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56538710; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56538710]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_56538710").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_56538710").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="56538710"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging">Aging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6791" type="text/json">{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10115" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychopharmacology">Neuropsychopharmacology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10115" type="text/json">{"id":10115,"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychopharmacology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=56538710]'), work: {"id":56538710,"title":"Brain Tissue Pulsatility is Increased in Midlife Depression: a Comparative Study Using Ultrasound Tissue Pulsatility Imaging","created_at":"2021-10-08T05:17:03.421-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/56538710/Brain_Tissue_Pulsatility_is_Increased_in_Midlife_Depression_a_Comparative_Study_Using_Ultrasound_Tissue_Pulsatility_Imaging?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_56538710","summary":"Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is consistently associated with late-life depression but poorly documented in midlife depression. It can be hypothesized that the relatively low sensitivity of conventional neuroimaging techniques does not allow the detection of subtle CVD in midlife depression. We used tissue pulsatility imaging (TPI), a novel ultrasound (US) neuroimaging technique that has demonstrated good sensitivity to detect changes in the pulsatility of small brain volumes, to identify early and subtle changes in brain vascular function in midlife depression. We compared the maximum and mean brain tissue pulsatility (MaxBTP and MeanBTP), as identified by TPI, between three groups of middle-aged females matched for age: patients with depression (n=25), patients with remitted depression (n=24) and community controls (n=25). MRI arterial spin labeling, white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and transcranial doppler (TCD) were used as control conventional markers for CVD. We found no d...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71876903,"asset_id":56538710,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39683553,"first_name":"Frédéric","last_name":"Andersson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrédéricAndersson","display_name":"Frédéric Andersson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ricAndersson?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":10115,"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychopharmacology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2639"},{"id":90702,"name":"Ultrasonography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasonography?f_ri=2639"},{"id":157943,"name":"Depressive Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depressive_Disorder?f_ri=2639"},{"id":945595,"name":"Pilot Projects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilot_Projects?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2467529,"name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatric_Status_Rating_Scales?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_52862758" data-work_id="52862758" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52862758/Clinical_criteria_for_subtyping_Parkinson_s_disease_biomarkers_and_longitudinal_progression">Clinical criteria for subtyping Parkinson’s disease: biomarkers and longitudinal progression</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Parkinson's disease varies widely in clinical manifestations, course of progression and biomarker profiles from person to person. Identification of distinct Parkinson's disease subtypes is of great priority to illuminate underlying... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_52862758" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Parkinson's disease varies widely in clinical manifestations, course of progression and biomarker profiles from person to person. Identification of distinct Parkinson's disease subtypes is of great priority to illuminate underlying pathophysiology, predict progression and develop more efficient personalized care approaches. There is currently no clear way to define and divide subtypes in Parkinson's disease. Using data from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative, we aimed to identify distinct subgroups via cluster analysis of a comprehensive dataset at baseline (i.e. cross-sectionally) consisting of clinical characteristics, neuroimaging, biospecimen and genetic information, then to develop criteria to assign patients to a Parkinson's disease subtype. Four hundred and twenty-one individuals with de novo early Parkinson's disease were included from this prospective longitudinal multicentre cohort. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using data on demographic and genetic information, motor symptoms and signs, neuropsychological testing and other non-motor manifestations. The key classifiers in cluster analysis were a motor summary score and three non-motor features (cognitive impairment, rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and dysautonomia). We then defined three distinct subtypes of Parkinson's disease patients: 223 patients were classified as 'mild motor-predominant' (defined as composite motor and all three non-motor scores below the 75th percentile), 52 as 'diffuse malignant' (composite motor score plus either 51/3 non-motor score 475th percentile, or all three non-motor scores 475th percentile) and 146 as 'intermediate'. On biomarkers, people with diffuse malignant Parkinson's disease had the lowest level of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-b (329.0 AE 96.7 pg/ml, P = 0.006) and amyloid-b/total-tau ratio (8.2 AE 3.0, P = 0.032). Data from deformation-based magnetic resonance imaging morphometry demonstrated a Parkinson's disease-specific brain network had more atrophy in the diffuse malignant subtype, with the mild motor-predominant subtype having the least atrophy. Although disease duration at initial visit and follow-up time were similar between subtypes, patients with diffuse malignant Parkinson's disease progressed faster in overall prognosis (global composite outcome), with greater decline in cognition and in dopamine functional neuroimaging after an average of 2.7 years. In conclusion, we introduce new clinical criteria for subtyping Parkinson's disease based on a comprehensive list of clinical manifestations and biomarkers. This clinical subtyping can now be applied to individual patients for use in clinical practice using baseline clinical information. Even though all participants had a recent diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, patients with the diffuse malignant subtype already demonstrated a more profound dopaminergic deficit, increased atrophy in Parkinson's disease brain networks, a more Alzheimer's disease-like cerebrospinal fluid profile and faster progression of motor and cognitive deficits.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52862758" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="938965e37d4739b3736c58e61f395e20" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69921404,"asset_id":52862758,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69921404/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30705863" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YasharZeighami">Yashar Zeighami</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30705863" type="text/json">{"id":30705863,"first_name":"Yashar","last_name":"Zeighami","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YasharZeighami","display_name":"Yashar Zeighami","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YasharZeighami?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30705863/8947613/9984778/s65_yashar.zeighami.jpg_oh_340ee7e81018e65666d28cbb0ae29162_oe_55979987___gda___1439480662_9815b937bda46c9cc0b2e686a8e4db00"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_52862758 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="52862758"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 52862758, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_52862758", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_52862758 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 52862758; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_52862758"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_52862758 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="52862758"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 52862758; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=52862758]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_52862758").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_52862758").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="52862758"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6970" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomarkers">Biomarkers</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6970" type="text/json">{"id":6970,"name":"Biomarkers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomarkers?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61474" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain">Brain</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61474" type="text/json">{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=52862758]'), work: {"id":52862758,"title":"Clinical criteria for subtyping Parkinson’s disease: biomarkers and longitudinal progression","created_at":"2021-09-19T09:47:52.655-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/52862758/Clinical_criteria_for_subtyping_Parkinson_s_disease_biomarkers_and_longitudinal_progression?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_52862758","summary":"Parkinson's disease varies widely in clinical manifestations, course of progression and biomarker profiles from person to person. Identification of distinct Parkinson's disease subtypes is of great priority to illuminate underlying pathophysiology, predict progression and develop more efficient personalized care approaches. There is currently no clear way to define and divide subtypes in Parkinson's disease. Using data from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative, we aimed to identify distinct subgroups via cluster analysis of a comprehensive dataset at baseline (i.e. cross-sectionally) consisting of clinical characteristics, neuroimaging, biospecimen and genetic information, then to develop criteria to assign patients to a Parkinson's disease subtype. Four hundred and twenty-one individuals with de novo early Parkinson's disease were included from this prospective longitudinal multicentre cohort. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using data on demographic and genetic information, motor symptoms and signs, neuropsychological testing and other non-motor manifestations. The key classifiers in cluster analysis were a motor summary score and three non-motor features (cognitive impairment, rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and dysautonomia). We then defined three distinct subtypes of Parkinson's disease patients: 223 patients were classified as 'mild motor-predominant' (defined as composite motor and all three non-motor scores below the 75th percentile), 52 as 'diffuse malignant' (composite motor score plus either 51/3 non-motor score 475th percentile, or all three non-motor scores 475th percentile) and 146 as 'intermediate'. On biomarkers, people with diffuse malignant Parkinson's disease had the lowest level of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-b (329.0 AE 96.7 pg/ml, P = 0.006) and amyloid-b/total-tau ratio (8.2 AE 3.0, P = 0.032). Data from deformation-based magnetic resonance imaging morphometry demonstrated a Parkinson's disease-specific brain network had more atrophy in the diffuse malignant subtype, with the mild motor-predominant subtype having the least atrophy. Although disease duration at initial visit and follow-up time were similar between subtypes, patients with diffuse malignant Parkinson's disease progressed faster in overall prognosis (global composite outcome), with greater decline in cognition and in dopamine functional neuroimaging after an average of 2.7 years. In conclusion, we introduce new clinical criteria for subtyping Parkinson's disease based on a comprehensive list of clinical manifestations and biomarkers. This clinical subtyping can now be applied to individual patients for use in clinical practice using baseline clinical information. Even though all participants had a recent diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, patients with the diffuse malignant subtype already demonstrated a more profound dopaminergic deficit, increased atrophy in Parkinson's disease brain networks, a more Alzheimer's disease-like cerebrospinal fluid profile and faster progression of motor and cognitive deficits.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69921404,"asset_id":52862758,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30705863,"first_name":"Yashar","last_name":"Zeighami","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YasharZeighami","display_name":"Yashar Zeighami","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YasharZeighami?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30705863/8947613/9984778/s65_yashar.zeighami.jpg_oh_340ee7e81018e65666d28cbb0ae29162_oe_55979987___gda___1439480662_9815b937bda46c9cc0b2e686a8e4db00"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6970,"name":"Biomarkers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomarkers?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=2639"},{"id":327712,"name":"REM sleep behavior disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/REM_sleep_behavior_disorder?f_ri=2639"},{"id":357850,"name":"Atrophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atrophy?f_ri=2639"},{"id":584615,"name":"Disease Progression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Progression?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1405059,"name":"Dopaminergic Neurons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopaminergic_Neurons?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1541077,"name":"Parkinson Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parkinson_Disease?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2467548,"name":"Neuropsychological Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychological_Tests?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2807004,"name":"Cognitive dysfunction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_dysfunction?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":3095972,"name":"Tau proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tau_proteins?f_ri=2639"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29558571" data-work_id="29558571" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29558571/Clinical_Biochemical_and_Neuroimaging_Findings_Predict_Long_Term_Neurodevelopmental_Outcome_in_Symptomatic_Congenital_Cytomegalovirus_Infection">Clinical, Biochemical, and Neuroimaging Findings Predict Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Symptomatic Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Objective To evaluate clinical, biochemical, and neuroimaging findings as predictors of neurodevelopmental outcome in patients with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV).</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29558571" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="95af732ec645ff3c737ada61499961a6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50001822,"asset_id":29558571,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50001822/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="55663410" href="https://idipaz.academia.edu/AngelHernanz">Angel Hernanz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="55663410" type="text/json">{"id":55663410,"first_name":"Angel","last_name":"Hernanz","domain_name":"idipaz","page_name":"AngelHernanz","display_name":"Angel Hernanz","profile_url":"https://idipaz.academia.edu/AngelHernanz?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29558571 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29558571"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29558571, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29558571", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29558571 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29558571; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29558571"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29558571 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29558571"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29558571; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29558571]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29558571").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29558571").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29558571"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28850" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_models">Linear models</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28850" type="text/json">{"id":28850,"name":"Linear models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_models?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62112" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies">Prospective studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62112" type="text/json">{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29558571]'), work: {"id":29558571,"title":"Clinical, Biochemical, and Neuroimaging Findings Predict Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Symptomatic Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection","created_at":"2016-10-31T03:12:26.558-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29558571/Clinical_Biochemical_and_Neuroimaging_Findings_Predict_Long_Term_Neurodevelopmental_Outcome_in_Symptomatic_Congenital_Cytomegalovirus_Infection?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_29558571","summary":"Objective To evaluate clinical, biochemical, and neuroimaging findings as predictors of neurodevelopmental outcome in patients with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50001822,"asset_id":29558571,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":55663410,"first_name":"Angel","last_name":"Hernanz","domain_name":"idipaz","page_name":"AngelHernanz","display_name":"Angel Hernanz","profile_url":"https://idipaz.academia.edu/AngelHernanz?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":28850,"name":"Linear models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_models?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=2639"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=2639"},{"id":137145,"name":"Developmental disabilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_disabilities?f_ri=2639"},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=2639"},{"id":194916,"name":"ROC Curve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ROC_Curve?f_ri=2639"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=2639"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=2639"},{"id":489727,"name":"Prognosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prognosis?f_ri=2639"},{"id":568482,"name":"Biological markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_markers?f_ri=2639"},{"id":699649,"name":"Cytomegalovirus Infections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytomegalovirus_Infections?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1294607,"name":"Logistic Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logistic_Models?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1318932,"name":"Predictive value of tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictive_value_of_tests?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1423078,"name":"Nervous System Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nervous_System_Diseases?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2467548,"name":"Neuropsychological Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychological_Tests?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7338463" data-work_id="7338463" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7338463/Temporal_lobe_abnormalities_in_semantic_processing_by_criminal_psychopaths_as_revealed_by_functional_magnetic_resonance_imaging">Temporal lobe abnormalities in semantic processing by criminal psychopaths as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We tested the hypothesis that psychopathy is associated with abnormalities in semantic processing of linguistic information. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to elucidate and characterize the neural architecture... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7338463" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We tested the hypothesis that psychopathy is associated with abnormalities in semantic processing of linguistic information. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to elucidate and characterize the neural architecture underlying lexico-semantic processes in criminal psychopathic individuals and in a group of matched control participants. Participants performed a lexical decision task in which blocks of linguistic stimuli alternated with a resting baseline condition. In each lexical decision block, the stimuli were either concrete words and pseudowords or abstract words and pseudowords. Consistent with our hypothesis, psychopathic individuals, relative to controls, showed poorer behavioral performance for processing abstract words. Analysis of the fMRI data for both groups indicated that processing of word stimuli, compared with the resting baseline condition, was associated with neural activation in bilateral fusiform gyrus, anterior cingulate, left middle temporal gyrus, right posterior superior temporal gyrus, and left and right inferior frontal gyrus. Analyses confirmed our prediction that psychopathic individuals would fail to show the appropriate neural differentiation between abstract and concrete stimuli in the right anterior temporal gyrus and surrounding cortex. The results are consistent with other studies of semantic processing in psychopathy and support the theory that psychopathy is associated with right hemisphere abnormalities for processing conceptually abstract material.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7338463" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="49ac669df927170f584b54ead71ce01c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33941262,"asset_id":7338463,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33941262/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12904364" href="https://umontreal.academia.edu/AdriannaMendrek">Adrianna Mendrek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12904364" type="text/json">{"id":12904364,"first_name":"Adrianna","last_name":"Mendrek","domain_name":"umontreal","page_name":"AdriannaMendrek","display_name":"Adrianna Mendrek","profile_url":"https://umontreal.academia.edu/AdriannaMendrek?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7338463 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7338463"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7338463, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7338463", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7338463 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7338463; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7338463"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7338463 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7338463"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7338463; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7338463]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7338463").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7338463").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7338463"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">28</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="371" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Analysis">Functional Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="371" type="text/json">{"id":371,"name":"Functional Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Analysis?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="635" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="635" type="text/json">{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2349" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics">Semantics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2349" type="text/json">{"id":2349,"name":"Semantics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7338463]'), work: {"id":7338463,"title":"Temporal lobe abnormalities in semantic processing by criminal psychopaths as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging","created_at":"2014-06-13T08:11:09.002-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7338463/Temporal_lobe_abnormalities_in_semantic_processing_by_criminal_psychopaths_as_revealed_by_functional_magnetic_resonance_imaging?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_7338463","summary":"We tested the hypothesis that psychopathy is associated with abnormalities in semantic processing of linguistic information. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to elucidate and characterize the neural architecture underlying lexico-semantic processes in criminal psychopathic individuals and in a group of matched control participants. Participants performed a lexical decision task in which blocks of linguistic stimuli alternated with a resting baseline condition. In each lexical decision block, the stimuli were either concrete words and pseudowords or abstract words and pseudowords. Consistent with our hypothesis, psychopathic individuals, relative to controls, showed poorer behavioral performance for processing abstract words. Analysis of the fMRI data for both groups indicated that processing of word stimuli, compared with the resting baseline condition, was associated with neural activation in bilateral fusiform gyrus, anterior cingulate, left middle temporal gyrus, right posterior superior temporal gyrus, and left and right inferior frontal gyrus. Analyses confirmed our prediction that psychopathic individuals would fail to show the appropriate neural differentiation between abstract and concrete stimuli in the right anterior temporal gyrus and surrounding cortex. The results are consistent with other studies of semantic processing in psychopathy and support the theory that psychopathy is associated with right hemisphere abnormalities for processing conceptually abstract material.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33941262,"asset_id":7338463,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12904364,"first_name":"Adrianna","last_name":"Mendrek","domain_name":"umontreal","page_name":"AdriannaMendrek","display_name":"Adrianna Mendrek","profile_url":"https://umontreal.academia.edu/AdriannaMendrek?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":371,"name":"Functional Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Analysis?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2349,"name":"Semantics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639"},{"id":5391,"name":"Speech perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speech_perception?f_ri=2639"},{"id":6062,"name":"Anterior Cingulate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anterior_Cingulate?f_ri=2639"},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639"},{"id":18174,"name":"Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language?f_ri=2639"},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=2639"},{"id":44273,"name":"Antisocial Personality Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antisocial_Personality_Disorder?f_ri=2639"},{"id":54755,"name":"Right Hemisphere Functions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Right_Hemisphere_Functions?f_ri=2639"},{"id":57557,"name":"Temporal Lobe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporal_Lobe?f_ri=2639"},{"id":67360,"name":"Crime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crime?f_ri=2639"},{"id":78467,"name":"Cerebral Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebral_Cortex?f_ri=2639"},{"id":119259,"name":"Magnetic Resonance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance?f_ri=2639"},{"id":119665,"name":"Reaction Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Time?f_ri=2639"},{"id":165418,"name":"Lexical Decision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lexical_Decision?f_ri=2639"},{"id":235085,"name":"Semantic Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantic_Processing?f_ri=2639"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":406036,"name":"Parietal Lobe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parietal_Lobe?f_ri=2639"},{"id":406456,"name":"Inferior frontal gyrus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inferior_frontal_gyrus?f_ri=2639"},{"id":494840,"name":"Limbic System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Limbic_System?f_ri=2639"},{"id":613642,"name":"Fusiform Gyrus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fusiform_Gyrus?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1024379,"name":"Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1257483,"name":"Frontal Lobe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frontal_Lobe?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1766624,"name":"Occipital Lobe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occipital_Lobe?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13866003 coauthored" data-work_id="13866003" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13866003/Disruption_of_reconsolidation_erases_a_fear_memory_trace_in_the_human_amygdala">Disruption of reconsolidation erases a fear memory trace in the human amygdala</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Memories become labile when recalled. In humans and rodents alike, reactivated fear memories can be attenuated by disrupting reconsolidation with extinction training. Using functional brain imaging, we found that, after a conditioned fear... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13866003" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Memories become labile when recalled. In humans and rodents alike, reactivated fear memories can be attenuated by disrupting reconsolidation with extinction training. Using functional brain imaging, we found that, after a conditioned fear memory was formed, reactivation and reconsolidation left a memory trace in the basolateral amygdala that predicted subsequent fear expression and was tightly coupled to activity in the fear circuit of the brain. In contrast, reactivation followed by disrupted reconsolidation suppressed fear, abolished the memory trace, and attenuated fear-circuit connectivity. Thus, as previously demonstrated in rodents, fear memory suppression resulting from behavioral disruption of reconsolidation is amygdala-dependent also in humans, which supports an evolutionarily conserved memory-update mechanism.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13866003" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0101401acca50d453d21f6078f41d0e7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39135979,"asset_id":13866003,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39135979/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32952646" href="https://uppsala.academia.edu/JohannesBj%C3%B6rkstrand">Johannes Björkstrand</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32952646" type="text/json">{"id":32952646,"first_name":"Johannes","last_name":"Björkstrand","domain_name":"uppsala","page_name":"JohannesBjörkstrand","display_name":"Johannes Björkstrand","profile_url":"https://uppsala.academia.edu/JohannesBj%C3%B6rkstrand?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32952646/13932853/14990367/s65_johannes.bj_rkstrand.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13866003">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13866003"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndreasFrick">Andreas Frick</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13866003'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13866003').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13866003 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13866003"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13866003, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13866003", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13866003 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13866003; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13866003"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13866003 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13866003"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13866003; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13866003]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13866003").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13866003").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13866003"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3931" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fear">Fear</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3931" type="text/json">{"id":3931,"name":"Fear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fear?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6779" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science">Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6779" type="text/json">{"id":6779,"name":"Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13866003]'), work: {"id":13866003,"title":"Disruption of reconsolidation erases a fear memory trace in the human amygdala","created_at":"2015-07-10T00:16:37.158-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13866003/Disruption_of_reconsolidation_erases_a_fear_memory_trace_in_the_human_amygdala?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_13866003","summary":"Memories become labile when recalled. In humans and rodents alike, reactivated fear memories can be attenuated by disrupting reconsolidation with extinction training. Using functional brain imaging, we found that, after a conditioned fear memory was formed, reactivation and reconsolidation left a memory trace in the basolateral amygdala that predicted subsequent fear expression and was tightly coupled to activity in the fear circuit of the brain. In contrast, reactivation followed by disrupted reconsolidation suppressed fear, abolished the memory trace, and attenuated fear-circuit connectivity. Thus, as previously demonstrated in rodents, fear memory suppression resulting from behavioral disruption of reconsolidation is amygdala-dependent also in humans, which supports an evolutionarily conserved memory-update mechanism.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39135979,"asset_id":13866003,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32952646,"first_name":"Johannes","last_name":"Björkstrand","domain_name":"uppsala","page_name":"JohannesBjörkstrand","display_name":"Johannes Björkstrand","profile_url":"https://uppsala.academia.edu/JohannesBj%C3%B6rkstrand?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32952646/13932853/14990367/s65_johannes.bj_rkstrand.jpg"},{"id":52726095,"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Frick","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndreasFrick","display_name":"Andreas Frick","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndreasFrick?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":3931,"name":"Fear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fear?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6779,"name":"Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=2639"},{"id":46858,"name":"Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory?f_ri=2639"},{"id":52176,"name":"Brain Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Mapping?f_ri=2639"},{"id":88325,"name":"Cues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cues?f_ri=2639"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=2639"},{"id":159962,"name":"Amygdala","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amygdala?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16880955" data-work_id="16880955" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16880955/Psychometric_Properties_of_the_Montreal_Cognitive_Assessment_MoCA_An_Analysis_Using_the_Rasch_Model">Psychometric Properties of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): An Analysis Using the Rasch Model</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the present study we analyzed the psychometric characteristics of the MoCA (Portuguese version) using the Rasch model for dichotomous items. The total sample comprised of 897 participants distributed between two main subgroups: (I)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16880955" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the present study we analyzed the psychometric characteristics of the MoCA (Portuguese version) using the Rasch model for dichotomous items. The total sample comprised of 897 participants distributed between two main subgroups: (I) healthy group that was comprised of 650 cognitively healthy community dwellers and (II) clinical group that was comprised of 90 patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment, 90 patients with Alzheimer's disease, 33 patients with frontotemporal dementia, and 34 patients with vascular dementia recruited at a reference dementia clinic. All patients were investigated through a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, laboratory tests essential to exclude a reversible form of dementia, imaging studies (CT or MRI and SPECT or FDG-PET), Apolipoprotein E allele genotyping and CSF biomarker (Aβ42,Tau, and P-tau) analyses. The clinical diagnosis was established through the consensus of a multidisciplinary team, based on international criteria. The results demonstrated an overall good fit of both items and the person's values, a high variability on cognitive performance level, and a good quality of the measurements. The MoCA scores also demonstrated adequate discriminant validity, with high diagnostic value. DIF analyses indicated the generalized validity of the MoCA scores. In conclusion, the results of this study show the overall psychometric adequacy of the MoCA and verify the discriminant and generalized validity of the obtained results.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16880955" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c4dfae952cf95c44f68a1785e3280d71" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39235399,"asset_id":16880955,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39235399/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36356421" href="https://aveiro.academia.edu/MarioSimoes">Mario Simoes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36356421" type="text/json">{"id":36356421,"first_name":"Mario","last_name":"Simoes","domain_name":"aveiro","page_name":"MarioSimoes","display_name":"Mario Simoes","profile_url":"https://aveiro.academia.edu/MarioSimoes?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16880955 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16880955"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16880955, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16880955", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16880955 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16880955; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16880955"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16880955 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16880955"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16880955; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16880955]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16880955").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16880955").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16880955"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2599" type="text/json">{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16880955]'), work: {"id":16880955,"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): An Analysis Using the Rasch Model","created_at":"2015-10-16T09:28:07.933-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16880955/Psychometric_Properties_of_the_Montreal_Cognitive_Assessment_MoCA_An_Analysis_Using_the_Rasch_Model?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_16880955","summary":"In the present study we analyzed the psychometric characteristics of the MoCA (Portuguese version) using the Rasch model for dichotomous items. The total sample comprised of 897 participants distributed between two main subgroups: (I) healthy group that was comprised of 650 cognitively healthy community dwellers and (II) clinical group that was comprised of 90 patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment, 90 patients with Alzheimer's disease, 33 patients with frontotemporal dementia, and 34 patients with vascular dementia recruited at a reference dementia clinic. All patients were investigated through a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, laboratory tests essential to exclude a reversible form of dementia, imaging studies (CT or MRI and SPECT or FDG-PET), Apolipoprotein E allele genotyping and CSF biomarker (Aβ42,Tau, and P-tau) analyses. The clinical diagnosis was established through the consensus of a multidisciplinary team, based on international criteria. The results demonstrated an overall good fit of both items and the person's values, a high variability on cognitive performance level, and a good quality of the measurements. The MoCA scores also demonstrated adequate discriminant validity, with high diagnostic value. DIF analyses indicated the generalized validity of the MoCA scores. In conclusion, the results of this study show the overall psychometric adequacy of the MoCA and verify the discriminant and generalized validity of the obtained results.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39235399,"asset_id":16880955,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36356421,"first_name":"Mario","last_name":"Simoes","domain_name":"aveiro","page_name":"MarioSimoes","display_name":"Mario Simoes","profile_url":"https://aveiro.academia.edu/MarioSimoes?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":3662,"name":"Dementia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dementia?f_ri=2639"},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=2639"},{"id":8971,"name":"Mild Cognitive Impairment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mild_Cognitive_Impairment?f_ri=2639"},{"id":44510,"name":"Portugal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugal?f_ri=2639"},{"id":97766,"name":"Vascular dementia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vascular_dementia?f_ri=2639"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=2639"},{"id":372410,"name":"Genotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genotype?f_ri=2639"},{"id":546421,"name":"Educational Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Status?f_ri=2639"},{"id":568482,"name":"Biological markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_markers?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1120234,"name":"Alzheimer Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alzheimer_Disease?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77210284" data-work_id="77210284" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77210284/American_Society_of_Neurophysiologic_Monitoring_and_American_Society_of_Neuroimaging_Joint_Guidelines_for_Transcranial_Doppler_Ultrasonic_Monitoring">American Society of Neurophysiologic Monitoring and American Society of Neuroimaging Joint Guidelines for Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonic Monitoring</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77210284" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="01658f999380e1915a83d68739a91313" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84650204,"asset_id":77210284,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84650204/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38284792" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlexanderRazumovsky">Alexander Razumovsky</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38284792" type="text/json">{"id":38284792,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Razumovsky","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexanderRazumovsky","display_name":"Alexander Razumovsky","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexanderRazumovsky?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77210284 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77210284"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77210284, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77210284", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_77210284 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77210284; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_77210284"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_77210284 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="77210284"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77210284; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77210284]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77210284").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77210284").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77210284"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="649" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiothoracic_Surgery">Cardiothoracic Surgery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="649" type="text/json">{"id":649,"name":"Cardiothoracic Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiothoracic_Surgery?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22272" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurophysiology">Neurophysiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22272" type="text/json">{"id":22272,"name":"Neurophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurophysiology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77210284]'), work: {"id":77210284,"title":"American Society of Neurophysiologic Monitoring and American Society of Neuroimaging Joint Guidelines for Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonic Monitoring","created_at":"2022-04-21T12:26:58.263-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77210284/American_Society_of_Neurophysiologic_Monitoring_and_American_Society_of_Neuroimaging_Joint_Guidelines_for_Transcranial_Doppler_Ultrasonic_Monitoring?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_77210284","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84650204,"asset_id":77210284,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38284792,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Razumovsky","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexanderRazumovsky","display_name":"Alexander Razumovsky","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexanderRazumovsky?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":649,"name":"Cardiothoracic Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiothoracic_Surgery?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":22272,"name":"Neurophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurophysiology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=2639"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":368364,"name":"Transcranial Doppler","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcranial_Doppler?f_ri=2639"},{"id":793339,"name":"Intensive Care Units","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intensive_Care_Units?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1205102,"name":"Cerebrovascular Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebrovascular_Disorders?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27391226" data-work_id="27391226" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27391226/Clinico_radiological_predictors_of_vascular_cognitive_impairment_VCI_in_patients_with_stroke_A_prospective_observational_study">Clinico-radiological predictors of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in patients with stroke: A prospective observational study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background and purpose: Cognitive dysfunction occurs commonly following stroke and varies in severity. This study was aimed to determine the clinical, neuro-imaging, laboratory predictors of post stroke cognitive impairment and factors... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27391226" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background and purpose: Cognitive dysfunction occurs commonly following stroke and varies in severity. This study was aimed to determine the clinical, neuro-imaging, laboratory predictors of post stroke cognitive impairment and factors related to poor functional outcome in patients with post-stroke vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Material and methods: We prospectively evaluated 102 of 240 consecutive stroke patients for 6 months after incident stroke for development of VCI. Patients with VCI comprised of those with VCI-no dementia (VCIND) and vascular dementia (VaD). Functional outcome was assessed by modified Barthel index (MBI). Results: Frequency of post-stroke VCI was 45.1% (46/102): 26.5% (27/102) having VCI-ND and 18.6% (19/102) having VaD. Patients with VCI were more likely to have lower educational and socioeconomic status, diabetes, hypertension, prior stroke, multiple risk factors, urinary incontinence, gait abnormality, peripheral signs of atherosclerosis, higher blood sugar level on admission and LDL levels, strategic site lesion, higher ARWMC (age related white matter changes) score, worse stroke severity (NIHSS) and functional outcome scores. On logistic regression analysis, lower educational status, strategic site lesion, higher ARWMC score and baseline stroke severity score were found to independently predict the risk of developing VCI. Worse stroke severity (NIHSS) scores and functional status scores at baseline predicted poor outcome in patients with VCI. Conclusion: Post-stroke cognitive impairment is frequent and is associated with poor functional outcome. Predictors like lower educational status, strategic site lesion, greater severity of age related white matter changes and baseline stroke severity independently contributed to the risk of developing VCI in stroke patients.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27391226" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="70772a039101bb07b230c397a807d4e9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47646195,"asset_id":27391226,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47646195/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51510443" href="https://cpds-tu.academia.edu/ManishSingh">Manish Singh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51510443" type="text/json">{"id":51510443,"first_name":"Manish","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"cpds-tu","page_name":"ManishSingh","display_name":"Manish Singh","profile_url":"https://cpds-tu.academia.edu/ManishSingh?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51510443/158879732/148531965/s65_manish.singh.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27391226 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27391226"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27391226, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27391226", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27391226 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27391226; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27391226"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27391226 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27391226"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27391226; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27391226]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27391226").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27391226").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27391226"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41482" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis">Multivariate Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41482" type="text/json">{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49000" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Observation">Observation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49000" type="text/json">{"id":49000,"name":"Observation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Observation?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61234" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stroke">Stroke</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61234" type="text/json">{"id":61234,"name":"Stroke","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stroke?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27391226]'), work: {"id":27391226,"title":"Clinico-radiological predictors of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in patients with stroke: A prospective observational study","created_at":"2016-07-30T06:20:23.475-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27391226/Clinico_radiological_predictors_of_vascular_cognitive_impairment_VCI_in_patients_with_stroke_A_prospective_observational_study?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_27391226","summary":"Background and purpose: Cognitive dysfunction occurs commonly following stroke and varies in severity. This study was aimed to determine the clinical, neuro-imaging, laboratory predictors of post stroke cognitive impairment and factors related to poor functional outcome in patients with post-stroke vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Material and methods: We prospectively evaluated 102 of 240 consecutive stroke patients for 6 months after incident stroke for development of VCI. Patients with VCI comprised of those with VCI-no dementia (VCIND) and vascular dementia (VaD). Functional outcome was assessed by modified Barthel index (MBI). Results: Frequency of post-stroke VCI was 45.1% (46/102): 26.5% (27/102) having VCI-ND and 18.6% (19/102) having VaD. Patients with VCI were more likely to have lower educational and socioeconomic status, diabetes, hypertension, prior stroke, multiple risk factors, urinary incontinence, gait abnormality, peripheral signs of atherosclerosis, higher blood sugar level on admission and LDL levels, strategic site lesion, higher ARWMC (age related white matter changes) score, worse stroke severity (NIHSS) and functional outcome scores. On logistic regression analysis, lower educational status, strategic site lesion, higher ARWMC score and baseline stroke severity score were found to independently predict the risk of developing VCI. Worse stroke severity (NIHSS) scores and functional status scores at baseline predicted poor outcome in patients with VCI. Conclusion: Post-stroke cognitive impairment is frequent and is associated with poor functional outcome. Predictors like lower educational status, strategic site lesion, greater severity of age related white matter changes and baseline stroke severity independently contributed to the risk of developing VCI in stroke patients.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47646195,"asset_id":27391226,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51510443,"first_name":"Manish","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"cpds-tu","page_name":"ManishSingh","display_name":"Manish Singh","profile_url":"https://cpds-tu.academia.edu/ManishSingh?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51510443/158879732/148531965/s65_manish.singh.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":49000,"name":"Observation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Observation?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":61234,"name":"Stroke","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stroke?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=2639"},{"id":71300,"name":"Blood Glucose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Glucose?f_ri=2639"},{"id":97766,"name":"Vascular dementia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vascular_dementia?f_ri=2639"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=2639"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=2639"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1318932,"name":"Predictive value of tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictive_value_of_tests?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1627527,"name":"Cognition disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition_disorders?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2463800,"name":"Severity of Illness Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Severity_of_Illness_Index?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2467548,"name":"Neuropsychological Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychological_Tests?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23949204" data-work_id="23949204" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23949204/Stroke_in_childhood">Stroke in childhood</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23949204" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d7f71c3bba5e60210c00bc7e36252f09" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44333614,"asset_id":23949204,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44333614/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32949710" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FenellaKirkham">Fenella Kirkham</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32949710" type="text/json">{"id":32949710,"first_name":"Fenella","last_name":"Kirkham","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FenellaKirkham","display_name":"Fenella Kirkham","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FenellaKirkham?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32949710/20519908/20154875/s65_fenella.kirkham.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23949204 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23949204"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23949204, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23949204", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23949204 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23949204; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_23949204"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23949204 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23949204"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23949204; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23949204]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23949204").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23949204").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23949204"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="640" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiology">Radiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="640" type="text/json">{"id":640,"name":"Radiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child">Child</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64933" type="text/json">{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="234187" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recurrence">Recurrence</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="234187" type="text/json">{"id":234187,"name":"Recurrence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recurrence?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23949204]'), work: {"id":23949204,"title":"Stroke in childhood","created_at":"2016-04-02T11:11:46.200-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23949204/Stroke_in_childhood?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_23949204","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44333614,"asset_id":23949204,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32949710,"first_name":"Fenella","last_name":"Kirkham","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FenellaKirkham","display_name":"Fenella Kirkham","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FenellaKirkham?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32949710/20519908/20154875/s65_fenella.kirkham.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":640,"name":"Radiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":234187,"name":"Recurrence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recurrence?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=2639"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1205102,"name":"Cerebrovascular Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebrovascular_Disorders?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18423760" data-work_id="18423760" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18423760/Disruption_of_white_matter_integrity_marks_poor_antidepressant_response_in_bipolar_disorder">Disruption of white matter integrity marks poor antidepressant response in bipolar disorder</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Changes of white matter (WM) microstructure have been proposed as structural biomarkers of bipolar disorder (BD). The chronotherapeutic combination of repeated total sleep deprivation and morning light therapy (TSD þLT) can... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18423760" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Changes of white matter (WM) microstructure have been proposed as structural biomarkers of bipolar disorder (BD). The chronotherapeutic combination of repeated total sleep deprivation and morning light therapy (TSD þLT) can acutely reverse depressive symptoms in approximately 60% of patients, and it has been proposed as a model antidepressant treatment to investigate the neurobiological correlates of rapid antidepressant response. Methods: We tested if baseline DTI measures can predict response to treatment in 70 in-patients affected by a major depressive episode in the course of BD, treated with chronotherapeutics for one week. We performed whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics with threshold-free cluster enhancement for the DTI measures of WM microstructure integrity: fractional anisotropy, axial, radial, and mean diffusivity. Results: Increased mean and radial water diffusivity correlated with poor antidepressant response to TSD þLT in core WM tracts which are crucial for the functional integrity of the brain, including corpus callosum, corona radiata, cingulum bundle, superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and thalamic radiation. Limitations: Limitations include issues such as generalizability, possible population stratification, medications and their effects on DTI measures, and no placebo control for chronotherapeutics. We could not consider other factors such as gene-environment interactions. Conclusions: The association of increased radial and mean diffusivity with poor response to chronotherapeutic treatment warrants interest for the study of DTI measures of WM microstructure as markers for treatment response in bipolar depression.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18423760" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0f762560010ffd7742c6894160b5f61f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40056094,"asset_id":18423760,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40056094/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38430255" href="https://unisr.academia.edu/SaraPoletti">Sara Poletti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38430255" type="text/json">{"id":38430255,"first_name":"Sara","last_name":"Poletti","domain_name":"unisr","page_name":"SaraPoletti","display_name":"Sara Poletti","profile_url":"https://unisr.academia.edu/SaraPoletti?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38430255/13358823/14594119/s65_sara.poletti.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18423760 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18423760"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18423760, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18423760", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18423760 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18423760; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18423760"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18423760 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18423760"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18423760; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18423760]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18423760").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18423760").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18423760"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression">Depression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3217" type="text/json">{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3230" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipolar_Disorder">Bipolar Disorder</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3230" type="text/json">{"id":3230,"name":"Bipolar Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipolar_Disorder?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8929" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion_Tensor_Imaging">Diffusion Tensor Imaging</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8929" type="text/json">{"id":8929,"name":"Diffusion Tensor Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion_Tensor_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18423760]'), work: {"id":18423760,"title":"Disruption of white matter integrity marks poor antidepressant response in bipolar disorder","created_at":"2015-11-16T01:39:40.196-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18423760/Disruption_of_white_matter_integrity_marks_poor_antidepressant_response_in_bipolar_disorder?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_18423760","summary":"Background: Changes of white matter (WM) microstructure have been proposed as structural biomarkers of bipolar disorder (BD). The chronotherapeutic combination of repeated total sleep deprivation and morning light therapy (TSD þLT) can acutely reverse depressive symptoms in approximately 60% of patients, and it has been proposed as a model antidepressant treatment to investigate the neurobiological correlates of rapid antidepressant response. Methods: We tested if baseline DTI measures can predict response to treatment in 70 in-patients affected by a major depressive episode in the course of BD, treated with chronotherapeutics for one week. We performed whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics with threshold-free cluster enhancement for the DTI measures of WM microstructure integrity: fractional anisotropy, axial, radial, and mean diffusivity. Results: Increased mean and radial water diffusivity correlated with poor antidepressant response to TSD þLT in core WM tracts which are crucial for the functional integrity of the brain, including corpus callosum, corona radiata, cingulum bundle, superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and thalamic radiation. Limitations: Limitations include issues such as generalizability, possible population stratification, medications and their effects on DTI measures, and no placebo control for chronotherapeutics. We could not consider other factors such as gene-environment interactions. Conclusions: The association of increased radial and mean diffusivity with poor response to chronotherapeutic treatment warrants interest for the study of DTI measures of WM microstructure as markers for treatment response in bipolar depression.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40056094,"asset_id":18423760,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38430255,"first_name":"Sara","last_name":"Poletti","domain_name":"unisr","page_name":"SaraPoletti","display_name":"Sara Poletti","profile_url":"https://unisr.academia.edu/SaraPoletti?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38430255/13358823/14594119/s65_sara.poletti.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":3230,"name":"Bipolar Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipolar_Disorder?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":8929,"name":"Diffusion Tensor Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion_Tensor_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":9293,"name":"Lithium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithium?f_ri=2639"},{"id":37333,"name":"Anisotropy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anisotropy?f_ri=2639"},{"id":39421,"name":"Phototherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phototherapy?f_ri=2639"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2639"},{"id":67516,"name":"Affective Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affective_Disorders?f_ri=2639"},{"id":76423,"name":"Sleep Deprivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep_Deprivation?f_ri=2639"},{"id":362036,"name":"White matter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/White_matter?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1318932,"name":"Predictive value of tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictive_value_of_tests?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17694885" data-work_id="17694885" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17694885/_Knowledge_of_vascular_status_for_therapeutic_decision_making_in_acute_ischemic_stroke_which_is_the_role_of_neurosonology_">[Knowledge of vascular status for therapeutic decision-making in acute ischemic stroke: which is the role of neurosonology?]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the last years there is an increasing interest in the knowledge of vascular status in patients with acute stroke. Detection and localization of an artery occlusion is of great interest for an accurate prognosis and the selection of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17694885" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the last years there is an increasing interest in the knowledge of vascular status in patients with acute stroke. Detection and localization of an artery occlusion is of great interest for an accurate prognosis and the selection of the most appropriate recanalizing therapy. Neurosonology is a useful diagnostic tool for vascular status study in patients with acute stroke. Different situations where ultrasounds offer a valuable diagnostic information are reviewed, such as middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion, &#39;T&#39; internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, &#39;tandem&#39; ICA-MCA occlusion, monitoring of intra-cranial artery occlusions, acute occlusion of extracranial ICA, and free-floating thrombus in the ICA. Neurosonology offers evident advantages compared with other diagnostic techniques: it is faster, dynamic, cheaper, harmless, and accessible, allows real-time monitoring of patients vascular status, avoids delays in acute treatments and has a therapeutic effect (sonot...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17694885" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f845fba24b466cd513f2661c6423a37d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39661318,"asset_id":17694885,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39661318/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37245874" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A9sPastor">Andrés García Pastor</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37245874" type="text/json">{"id":37245874,"first_name":"Andrés","last_name":"García Pastor","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndrésPastor","display_name":"Andrés García Pastor","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A9sPastor?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17694885 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17694885"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17694885, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17694885", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17694885 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17694885; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17694885"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17694885 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17694885"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17694885; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17694885]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17694885").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17694885").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17694885"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making">Decision Making</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1681" type="text/json">{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="149547" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasonic_therapy">Ultrasonic therapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="149547" type="text/json">{"id":149547,"name":"Ultrasonic therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasonic_therapy?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="172827" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Ischemia">Brain Ischemia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="172827" type="text/json">{"id":172827,"name":"Brain Ischemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Ischemia?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17694885]'), work: {"id":17694885,"title":"[Knowledge of vascular status for therapeutic decision-making in acute ischemic stroke: which is the role of neurosonology?]","created_at":"2015-11-03T22:03:05.355-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17694885/_Knowledge_of_vascular_status_for_therapeutic_decision_making_in_acute_ischemic_stroke_which_is_the_role_of_neurosonology_?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_17694885","summary":"In the last years there is an increasing interest in the knowledge of vascular status in patients with acute stroke. Detection and localization of an artery occlusion is of great interest for an accurate prognosis and the selection of the most appropriate recanalizing therapy. Neurosonology is a useful diagnostic tool for vascular status study in patients with acute stroke. Different situations where ultrasounds offer a valuable diagnostic information are reviewed, such as middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion, \u0026#39;T\u0026#39; internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, \u0026#39;tandem\u0026#39; ICA-MCA occlusion, monitoring of intra-cranial artery occlusions, acute occlusion of extracranial ICA, and free-floating thrombus in the ICA. Neurosonology offers evident advantages compared with other diagnostic techniques: it is faster, dynamic, cheaper, harmless, and accessible, allows real-time monitoring of patients vascular status, avoids delays in acute treatments and has a therapeutic effect (sonot...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39661318,"asset_id":17694885,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37245874,"first_name":"Andrés","last_name":"García Pastor","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndrésPastor","display_name":"Andrés García Pastor","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A9sPastor?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":149547,"name":"Ultrasonic therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasonic_therapy?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":172827,"name":"Brain Ischemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Ischemia?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":1217494,"name":"Early Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Diagnosis?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1436974,"name":"Thrombolytic Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thrombolytic_Therapy?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1700489,"name":"Carotid Stenosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carotid_Stenosis?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1957545,"name":"Cerebral Angiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebral_Angiography?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18572163" data-work_id="18572163" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18572163/A_combined_MR_and_CT_study_for_precise_quantitative_analysis_of_the_avian_brain">A combined MR and CT study for precise quantitative analysis of the avian brain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Brain size is widely used as a measure of behavioural complexity and sensory-locomotive capacity in avians but has largely relied upon laborious dissections, endoneurocranial tissue displacement, and physical measurement to derive... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18572163" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Brain size is widely used as a measure of behavioural complexity and sensory-locomotive capacity<br />in avians but has largely relied upon laborious dissections, endoneurocranial tissue displacement,<br />and physical measurement to derive comparative volumes. As an alternative, we present a new<br />precise calculation method based upon coupled magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed<br />tomography (CT). Our approach utilizes a novel interactive Fakir probe cross-referenced with an<br />automated CT protocol to efficiently generate total volumes and surface areas of the brain tissue<br />and endoneurocranial space, as well as the discrete cephalic compartments. We also complemented<br />our procedures by using sodium polytungstate (SPT) as a contrast agent. This greatly enhanced<br />CT applications but did not degrade MR quality and is therefore practical for virtual brain tissue<br />reconstructions employing multiple imaging modalities. To demonstrate our technique, we visualized<br />sex-based brain size differentiation in a sample set of Ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus).<br />This revealed no significant variance in relative volume or surface areas of the primary brain regions.<br />Rather, a trend towards isometric enlargement of the total brain and endoneurocranial space was<br />evidenced in males versus females, thus advocating a non-differential sexually dimorphic pattern of<br />brain size increase amongst these facultatively flying birds.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18572163" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="10215a0a1432f44e091086ff5822c55d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40135084,"asset_id":18572163,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40135084/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3742828" href="https://uppsala.academia.edu/BenjaminKear">Benjamin P. Kear</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3742828" type="text/json">{"id":3742828,"first_name":"Benjamin P.","last_name":"Kear","domain_name":"uppsala","page_name":"BenjaminKear","display_name":"Benjamin P. Kear","profile_url":"https://uppsala.academia.edu/BenjaminKear?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3742828/1878656/2229827/s65_benjamin.kear.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18572163 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18572163"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18572163, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18572163", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18572163 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18572163; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18572163"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18572163 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18572163"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18572163; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18572163]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18572163").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18572163").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18572163"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1648" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computed_Tomography">Computed Tomography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1648" type="text/json">{"id":1648,"name":"Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computed_Tomography?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23773" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Biology">Avian Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23773" type="text/json">{"id":23773,"name":"Avian Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Biology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18572163]'), work: {"id":18572163,"title":"A combined MR and CT study for precise quantitative analysis of the avian brain","created_at":"2015-11-18T03:19:21.682-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18572163/A_combined_MR_and_CT_study_for_precise_quantitative_analysis_of_the_avian_brain?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_18572163","summary":"Brain size is widely used as a measure of behavioural complexity and sensory-locomotive capacity\nin avians but has largely relied upon laborious dissections, endoneurocranial tissue displacement,\nand physical measurement to derive comparative volumes. As an alternative, we present a new\nprecise calculation method based upon coupled magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed\ntomography (CT). Our approach utilizes a novel interactive Fakir probe cross-referenced with an\nautomated CT protocol to efficiently generate total volumes and surface areas of the brain tissue\nand endoneurocranial space, as well as the discrete cephalic compartments. We also complemented\nour procedures by using sodium polytungstate (SPT) as a contrast agent. This greatly enhanced\nCT applications but did not degrade MR quality and is therefore practical for virtual brain tissue\nreconstructions employing multiple imaging modalities. To demonstrate our technique, we visualized\nsex-based brain size differentiation in a sample set of Ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus).\nThis revealed no significant variance in relative volume or surface areas of the primary brain regions.\nRather, a trend towards isometric enlargement of the total brain and endoneurocranial space was\nevidenced in males versus females, thus advocating a non-differential sexually dimorphic pattern of\nbrain size increase amongst these facultatively flying birds.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40135084,"asset_id":18572163,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":40134769,"asset_id":18572163,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3742828,"first_name":"Benjamin P.","last_name":"Kear","domain_name":"uppsala","page_name":"BenjaminKear","display_name":"Benjamin P. Kear","profile_url":"https://uppsala.academia.edu/BenjaminKear?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3742828/1878656/2229827/s65_benjamin.kear.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1648,"name":"Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computed_Tomography?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":23773,"name":"Avian Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Biology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37625091" data-work_id="37625091" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37625091/EEG_source_imaging">EEG source imaging</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: Electroencephalography (EEG) is an important tool for studying the temporal dynamics of the human brain's large-scale neuronal circuits. However, most EEG applications fail to capitalize on all of the data's available... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37625091" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: Electroencephalography (EEG) is an important tool for studying the temporal dynamics of the human brain's large-scale neuronal circuits. However, most EEG applications fail to capitalize on all of the data's available information, particularly that concerning the location of active sources in the brain. Localizing the sources of a given scalp measurement is only achieved by solving the so-called inverse problem. By introducing reasonable a priori constraints, the inverse problem can be solved and the most probable sources in the brain at every moment in time can be accurately localized.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37625091" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ba946f27ec921fc9923f3d0bca7c5ed6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57609294,"asset_id":37625091,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57609294/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13034289" href="https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/SaraGonzalez">Sara Gonzalez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13034289" type="text/json">{"id":13034289,"first_name":"Sara","last_name":"Gonzalez","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"SaraGonzalez","display_name":"Sara Gonzalez","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/SaraGonzalez?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13034289/3680326/6219365/s65_sara.gonzalez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37625091 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37625091"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37625091, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37625091", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37625091 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37625091; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37625091"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37625091 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37625091"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37625091; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37625091]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37625091").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37625091").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37625091"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2007" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrophysiology">Electrophysiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2007" type="text/json">{"id":2007,"name":"Electrophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrophysiology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37625091]'), work: {"id":37625091,"title":"EEG source imaging","created_at":"2018-10-22T00:55:43.901-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37625091/EEG_source_imaging?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_37625091","summary":"Objective: Electroencephalography (EEG) is an important tool for studying the temporal dynamics of the human brain's large-scale neuronal circuits. However, most EEG applications fail to capitalize on all of the data's available information, particularly that concerning the location of active sources in the brain. Localizing the sources of a given scalp measurement is only achieved by solving the so-called inverse problem. By introducing reasonable a priori constraints, the inverse problem can be solved and the most probable sources in the brain at every moment in time can be accurately localized.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57609294,"asset_id":37625091,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13034289,"first_name":"Sara","last_name":"Gonzalez","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"SaraGonzalez","display_name":"Sara Gonzalez","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/SaraGonzalez?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13034289/3680326/6219365/s65_sara.gonzalez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2007,"name":"Electrophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrophysiology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":10194,"name":"Localization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Localization?f_ri=2639"},{"id":10904,"name":"Electroencephalography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electroencephalography?f_ri=2639"},{"id":26066,"name":"Neural Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Network?f_ri=2639"},{"id":26817,"name":"Algorithm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithm?f_ri=2639"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2639"},{"id":65140,"name":"Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Models?f_ri=2639"},{"id":99708,"name":"Clinical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical?f_ri=2639"},{"id":132898,"name":"Estimation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estimation?f_ri=2639"},{"id":203765,"name":"Diagnostic Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diagnostic_Imaging?f_ri=2639"},{"id":213950,"name":"Inverse Problem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inverse_Problem?f_ri=2639"},{"id":263020,"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Neurophysiology?f_ri=2639"},{"id":758278,"name":"Large Scale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Large_Scale?f_ri=2639"},{"id":846015,"name":"Electrodes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrodes?f_ri=2639"},{"id":909150,"name":"Electrode","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrode?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1024379,"name":"Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75776487" data-work_id="75776487" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75776487/Neuroimaging_in_Addiction">Neuroimaging in Addiction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">To my lovely wife, Trish, and my wonderful children, Zack and Holly. Their love and support through the years have calmed my limbic hot spots.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75776487" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9ba7a84124ea6f36ca5b3c3d966d28c3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83413052,"asset_id":75776487,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83413052/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33277652" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SteinElliot">Elliot Stein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33277652" type="text/json">{"id":33277652,"first_name":"Elliot","last_name":"Stein","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SteinElliot","display_name":"Elliot Stein","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SteinElliot?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75776487 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75776487"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75776487, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75776487", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_75776487 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75776487; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_75776487"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_75776487 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75776487"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75776487; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75776487]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75776487").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75776487").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75776487"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2483" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction">Addiction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2483" type="text/json">{"id":2483,"name":"Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75776487]'), work: {"id":75776487,"title":"Neuroimaging in Addiction","created_at":"2022-04-07T21:46:17.329-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75776487/Neuroimaging_in_Addiction?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_75776487","summary":"To my lovely wife, Trish, and my wonderful children, Zack and Holly. Their love and support through the years have calmed my limbic hot spots.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83413052,"asset_id":75776487,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33277652,"first_name":"Elliot","last_name":"Stein","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SteinElliot","display_name":"Elliot Stein","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SteinElliot?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2483,"name":"Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_663465" data-work_id="663465" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/663465/Cross_cultural_effect_on_the_brain_revisited_Universal_structures_plus_writing_system_variation">Cross‐cultural effect on the brain revisited: Universal structures plus writing system variation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/663465" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b3c1961e330c909cf6f3ea5c30728f17" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":3677891,"asset_id":663465,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/3677891/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4770" href="https://umd.academia.edu/DonaldBolger">Donald Bolger</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4770" type="text/json">{"id":4770,"first_name":"Donald","last_name":"Bolger","domain_name":"umd","page_name":"DonaldBolger","display_name":"Donald Bolger","profile_url":"https://umd.academia.edu/DonaldBolger?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4770/1864/6706925/s65_donald.bolger.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_663465 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="663465"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 663465, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_663465", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_663465 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 663465; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_663465"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_663465 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="663465"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 663465; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=663465]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_663465").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_663465").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="663465"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6789" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese">Japanese</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6789" type="text/json">{"id":6789,"name":"Japanese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9471" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reading">Reading</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9471" type="text/json">{"id":9471,"name":"Reading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reading?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=663465]'), work: {"id":663465,"title":"Cross‐cultural effect on the brain revisited: Universal structures plus writing system variation","created_at":"2011-06-12T05:26:56.316-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/663465/Cross_cultural_effect_on_the_brain_revisited_Universal_structures_plus_writing_system_variation?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_663465","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":3677891,"asset_id":663465,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4770,"first_name":"Donald","last_name":"Bolger","domain_name":"umd","page_name":"DonaldBolger","display_name":"Donald Bolger","profile_url":"https://umd.academia.edu/DonaldBolger?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4770/1864/6706925/s65_donald.bolger.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6789,"name":"Japanese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":9471,"name":"Reading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reading?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":10249,"name":"Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Writing?f_ri=2639"},{"id":52176,"name":"Brain Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Mapping?f_ri=2639"},{"id":57511,"name":"Cross-Cultural Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Cultural_Comparison?f_ri=2639"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2639"},{"id":85843,"name":"Chinese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese?f_ri=2639"},{"id":152087,"name":"Word","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Word?f_ri=2639"},{"id":218206,"name":"Meta Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meta_Analysis?f_ri=2639"},{"id":685368,"name":"Human Brain Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Brain_Mapping?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_537977" data-work_id="537977" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/537977/Age_of_Onset_of_Schizophrenia_Perspectives_From_Structural_Neuroimaging_Studies">Age of Onset of Schizophrenia: Perspectives From Structural Neuroimaging Studies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Many of the major neuropsychiatric illnesses, including schizophrenia, have a typical age of onset in late adolescence. Late adolescence may reflect a critical period in brain development making it particularly vulnerable for the onset of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_537977" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Many of the major neuropsychiatric illnesses, including schizophrenia, have a typical age of onset in late adolescence.<br />Late adolescence may reflect a critical period in brain development making it particularly vulnerable for the onset of psychopathology. Neuroimaging studies that focus on this age range may provide unique insights into the onset and course of psychosis. In this review, we examine the evidence from 2 unique longitudinal cohorts that span the ages from early childhood through young adulthood; a study of childhood-onset schizophrenia where patients and siblings are followed from ages 6 through to their early twenties, and an ultra-high risk study where subjects (mean age of 19 years) are studied before and after the onset of psychosis. From the available evidence, we make an argument that subtle, regionally specific, and genetically influenced alterations during developmental age windows influence the course of psychosis and the resultant brain phenotype. The importance of examining trajectories of development and the need for future combined approaches,<br />using multimodal imaging together with molecular studies<br />is discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/537977" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d52cc8c5ecb5b5149885e652fbe9c22c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":2672215,"asset_id":537977,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/2672215/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26954" href="https://kingston.academia.edu/NoraSVyas">Nora S Vyas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26954" type="text/json">{"id":26954,"first_name":"Nora","last_name":"Vyas","domain_name":"kingston","page_name":"NoraSVyas","display_name":"Nora S Vyas","profile_url":"https://kingston.academia.edu/NoraSVyas?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26954/8798/18306170/s65_nora.vyas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_537977 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="537977"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 537977, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_537977", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_537977 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 537977; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_537977"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_537977 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="537977"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 537977; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=537977]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_537977").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_537977").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="537977"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="161" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience">Neuroscience</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="161" type="text/json">{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="222" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abnormal_Psychology">Abnormal Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="222" type="text/json">{"id":222,"name":"Abnormal Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abnormal_Psychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1312" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychosis">Psychosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1312" type="text/json">{"id":1312,"name":"Psychosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychosis?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1613" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Imaging">Brain Imaging</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1613" type="text/json">{"id":1613,"name":"Brain Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=537977]'), work: {"id":537977,"title":"Age of Onset of Schizophrenia: Perspectives From Structural Neuroimaging Studies","created_at":"2011-04-19T10:43:58.035-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/537977/Age_of_Onset_of_Schizophrenia_Perspectives_From_Structural_Neuroimaging_Studies?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_537977","summary":"Many of the major neuropsychiatric illnesses, including schizophrenia, have a typical age of onset in late adolescence.\nLate adolescence may reflect a critical period in brain development making it particularly vulnerable for the onset of psychopathology. Neuroimaging studies that focus on this age range may provide unique insights into the onset and course of psychosis. In this review, we examine the evidence from 2 unique longitudinal cohorts that span the ages from early childhood through young adulthood; a study of childhood-onset schizophrenia where patients and siblings are followed from ages 6 through to their early twenties, and an ultra-high risk study where subjects (mean age of 19 years) are studied before and after the onset of psychosis. From the available evidence, we make an argument that subtle, regionally specific, and genetically influenced alterations during developmental age windows influence the course of psychosis and the resultant brain phenotype. The importance of examining trajectories of development and the need for future combined approaches,\nusing multimodal imaging together with molecular studies\nis discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":2672215,"asset_id":537977,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26954,"first_name":"Nora","last_name":"Vyas","domain_name":"kingston","page_name":"NoraSVyas","display_name":"Nora S Vyas","profile_url":"https://kingston.academia.edu/NoraSVyas?f_ri=2639","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26954/8798/18306170/s65_nora.vyas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":222,"name":"Abnormal Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abnormal_Psychology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":1312,"name":"Psychosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychosis?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":1613,"name":"Brain Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Imaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2625,"name":"Child and adolescent mental health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_and_adolescent_mental_health?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639"},{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=2639"},{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=2639"},{"id":4583,"name":"Child Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development?f_ri=2639"},{"id":14277,"name":"Brain and Cognitive Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_and_Cognitive_Development?f_ri=2639"},{"id":21548,"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Neuroscience?f_ri=2639"},{"id":60558,"name":"Neurocognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurocognition?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13469638" data-work_id="13469638" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13469638/EEG_source_imaging">EEG source imaging</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: Electroencephalography (EEG) is an important tool for studying the temporal dynamics of the human brain's large-scale neuronal circuits. However, most EEG applications fail to capitalize on all of the data's available... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13469638" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: Electroencephalography (EEG) is an important tool for studying the temporal dynamics of the human brain's large-scale neuronal circuits. However, most EEG applications fail to capitalize on all of the data's available information, particularly that concerning the location of active sources in the brain. Localizing the sources of a given scalp measurement is only achieved by solving the so-called inverse problem. By introducing reasonable a priori constraints, the inverse problem can be solved and the most probable sources in the brain at every moment in time can be accurately localized.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13469638" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6475b6482a5259499bb62c8921cc2a8e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45307061,"asset_id":13469638,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45307061/download_file?st=MTczNzI5NTgzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32693289" href="https://unil.academia.edu/MicahMMurray">Micah M. Murray</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32693289" type="text/json">{"id":32693289,"first_name":"Micah M.","last_name":"Murray","domain_name":"unil","page_name":"MicahMMurray","display_name":"Micah M. Murray","profile_url":"https://unil.academia.edu/MicahMMurray?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13469638 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13469638"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13469638, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13469638", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13469638 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13469638; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13469638"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13469638 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13469638"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13469638; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13469638]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13469638").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13469638").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13469638"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2007" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrophysiology">Electrophysiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2007" type="text/json">{"id":2007,"name":"Electrophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrophysiology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2639" type="text/json">{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5187" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Analysis">Statistical Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5187" type="text/json">{"id":5187,"name":"Statistical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Analysis?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13469638]'), work: {"id":13469638,"title":"EEG source imaging","created_at":"2015-07-01T02:07:59.234-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13469638/EEG_source_imaging?f_ri=2639","dom_id":"work_13469638","summary":"Objective: Electroencephalography (EEG) is an important tool for studying the temporal dynamics of the human brain's large-scale neuronal circuits. However, most EEG applications fail to capitalize on all of the data's available information, particularly that concerning the location of active sources in the brain. Localizing the sources of a given scalp measurement is only achieved by solving the so-called inverse problem. By introducing reasonable a priori constraints, the inverse problem can be solved and the most probable sources in the brain at every moment in time can be accurately localized.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45307061,"asset_id":13469638,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32693289,"first_name":"Micah M.","last_name":"Murray","domain_name":"unil","page_name":"MicahMMurray","display_name":"Micah M. Murray","profile_url":"https://unil.academia.edu/MicahMMurray?f_ri=2639","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2007,"name":"Electrophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrophysiology?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":5187,"name":"Statistical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Analysis?f_ri=2639","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639"},{"id":10194,"name":"Localization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Localization?f_ri=2639"},{"id":10904,"name":"Electroencephalography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electroencephalography?f_ri=2639"},{"id":26066,"name":"Neural Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Network?f_ri=2639"},{"id":26817,"name":"Algorithm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithm?f_ri=2639"},{"id":28501,"name":"Temporal dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporal_dynamics?f_ri=2639"},{"id":49419,"name":"Problem Solving","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Problem_Solving?f_ri=2639"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=2639"},{"id":65140,"name":"Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Models?f_ri=2639"},{"id":82248,"name":"Source Localization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Source_Localization?f_ri=2639"},{"id":99708,"name":"Clinical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical?f_ri=2639"},{"id":132898,"name":"Estimation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estimation?f_ri=2639"},{"id":203765,"name":"Diagnostic Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diagnostic_Imaging?f_ri=2639"},{"id":213950,"name":"Inverse Problem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inverse_Problem?f_ri=2639"},{"id":263020,"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Neurophysiology?f_ri=2639"},{"id":758278,"name":"Large Scale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Large_Scale?f_ri=2639"},{"id":846015,"name":"Electrodes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrodes?f_ri=2639"},{"id":909150,"name":"Electrode","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrode?f_ri=2639"},{"id":1024379,"name":"Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=2639"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?after=50%2C13469638" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/Neuroimaging?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Neuroscience">Cognitive Neuroscience</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="21548">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="21548">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience">Neuroscience</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="161">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="161">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychology">Neuropsychology</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="251">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="251">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="237">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="237">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FMRI">FMRI</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="29917">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="29917">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology">Cognitive Psychology</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="236">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="236">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="221">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="221">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Neuroscience">Social Neuroscience</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="10102">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="10102">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Cognition">Social Cognition</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="4626">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="4626">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EEG">EEG</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="10402">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="10402">Following</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR // COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER // IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. !function(n){"use strict";function d(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function f(n,t,r,e,o,u){return d((c=d(d(t,n),d(e,u)))<<(f=o)|c>>>32-f,r);var c,f}function l(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&r|~t&e,n,t,o,u,c)}function v(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&e|r&~e,n,t,o,u,c)}function g(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t^r^e,n,t,o,u,c)}function m(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(r^(t|~e),n,t,o,u,c)}function i(n,t){var r,e,o,u;n[t>>5]|=128<<t%32,n[14+(t+64>>>9<<4)]=t;for(var c=1732584193,f=-271733879,i=-1732584194,a=271733878,h=0;h<n.length;h+=16)c=l(r=c,e=f,o=i,u=a,n[h],7,-680876936),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+1],12,-389564586),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],17,606105819),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+3],22,-1044525330),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],7,-176418897),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+5],12,1200080426),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],17,-1473231341),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+7],22,-45705983),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],7,1770035416),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+9],12,-1958414417),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],17,-42063),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+11],22,-1990404162),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],7,1804603682),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+13],12,-40341101),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],17,-1502002290),c=v(c,f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+15],22,1236535329),i,a,n[h+1],5,-165796510),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+6],9,-1069501632),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],14,643717713),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h],20,-373897302),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+5],5,-701558691),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+10],9,38016083),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],14,-660478335),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+4],20,-405537848),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],5,568446438),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+14],9,-1019803690),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],14,-187363961),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+8],20,1163531501),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],5,-1444681467),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+2],9,-51403784),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],14,1735328473),c=g(c,f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+12],20,-1926607734),i,a,n[h+5],4,-378558),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+8],11,-2022574463),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],16,1839030562),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+14],23,-35309556),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+1],4,-1530992060),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+4],11,1272893353),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],16,-155497632),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+10],23,-1094730640),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],4,681279174),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h],11,-358537222),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],16,-722521979),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+6],23,76029189),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],4,-640364487),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+12],11,-421815835),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],16,530742520),c=m(c,f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+2],23,-995338651),i,a,n[h],6,-198630844),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+7],10,1126891415),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],15,-1416354905),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+5],21,-57434055),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],6,1700485571),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+3],10,-1894986606),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],15,-1051523),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+1],21,-2054922799),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],6,1873313359),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+15],10,-30611744),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],15,-1560198380),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+13],21,1309151649),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],6,-145523070),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+11],10,-1120210379),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],15,718787259),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+9],21,-343485551),c=d(c,r),f=d(f,e),i=d(i,o),a=d(a,u);return[c,f,i,a]}function a(n){for(var t="",r=32*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t+=String.fromCharCode(n[e>>5]>>>e%32&255);return t}function h(n){var t=[];for(t[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,e=0;e<t.length;e+=1)t[e]=0;for(var r=8*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t[e>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(e/8))<<e%32;return t}function e(n){for(var t,r="0123456789abcdef",e="",o=0;o<n.length;o+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(o),e+=r.charAt(t>>>4&15)+r.charAt(15&t);return e}function r(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function o(n){return a(i(h(t=r(n)),8*t.length));var t}function u(n,t){return function(n,t){var r,e,o=h(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,16<o.length&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(h(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}(r(n),r(t))}function t(n,t,r){return t?r?u(t,n):e(u(t,n)):r?o(n):e(o(n))}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return t}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=t:n.md5=t}(this);</script><script>window.AbTest = (function() { return { 'ab_test': (uniqueId, test_name, buckets) => { let override = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get(`ab_test[${test_name}]`); if ( override ) { return override; } const bucketNames = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? bucket : Object.keys(bucket)[0]; }); const weights = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? 1 : Object.values(bucket)[0]; }); const total = weights.reduce((sum, weight) => sum + weight); const hash = md5(`${uniqueId}${test_name}`); const hashNum = parseInt(hash.slice(-12), 16); let bucketPoint = total * (hashNum % 100000) / 100000; const bucket = bucketNames.find((_, i) => { if (weights[i] > bucketPoint) { return true; } bucketPoint -= weights[i]; return false; }); return bucket; } }; })();</script><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><script>function onGoogleOneTapEvent(event) { var momentType = event.getMomentType(); var momentReason = null; if (event.isNotDisplayed()) { momentReason = event.getNotDisplayedReason(); } else if (event.isSkippedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getSkippedReason(); } else if (event.isDismissedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getDismissedReason(); } Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent', { moment_type: momentType, moment_reason: momentReason, }); }</script><script>(function() { var auvid = unescape( document.cookie .split(/; ?/) .find((s) => s.startsWith('auvid')) .substring(6)); var bucket = AbTest.ab_test(auvid, 'lo_ri_one_tap_google_sign_on', ['control', 'one_tap_google_sign_on']); if (bucket === 'control') return; var oneTapTag = document.createElement('script') oneTapTag.async = true oneTapTag.defer = true oneTapTag.src = 'https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client' document.body.appendChild(oneTapTag) })();</script></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "8c4e5990eccfb3fa16f20c55965fc3605aeb73a2f37c7d8cde8407c8f9c182cf", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="mPB9-i2lRxI4eEn5yP6e1O6C7EiL5mW9g2qXPSmXEszm5BgQFe_vcPj90KLvmbfnRipw6CQInz6EjHst5NLvgA" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="mBEYCyAPxLgE7Xe7FLo_3AG0xe4jNqoRXca7fRUJiOHmBX3hGEVs2sRo7uAz3RbvqRxZTozYUJJaIFdt2Ex1rQ" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>