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Medieval period (13th-16th centuries CE) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Late_Medieval_period_(13th-16th_centuries_CE)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Delhi_Sultanate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delhi_Sultanate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Delhi Sultanate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delhi_Sultanate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Timur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defeat_of_the_Lodi_sultans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defeat_of_the_Lodi_sultans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Defeat of the Lodi sultans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defeat_of_the_Lodi_sultans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mughal_Rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mughal_Rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mughal Rule</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mughal_Rule-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mughal Rule subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mughal_Rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Babur_and_Humayun_(1526–1556)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Babur_and_Humayun_(1526–1556)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Babur and Humayun (1526–1556)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Babur_and_Humayun_(1526–1556)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Akbar_to_Aurangzeb_(1556–1707)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akbar_to_Aurangzeb_(1556–1707)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Akbar to Aurangzeb (1556–1707)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Akbar_to_Aurangzeb_(1556–1707)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline_of_Mughals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline_of_Mughals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Decline of Mughals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline_of_Mughals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maratha_Rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maratha_Rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Maratha Rule</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Maratha_Rule-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Maratha Rule subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Maratha_Rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maratha_Protectorate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maratha_Protectorate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Maratha Protectorate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maratha_Protectorate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline_of_the_Marathas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline_of_the_Marathas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Decline of the Marathas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline_of_the_Marathas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>British Rule</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-British_Rule-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle British Rule subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-British_Rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Revolt_of_1857" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolt_of_1857"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Revolt of 1857</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolt_of_1857-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Raj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Raj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>British Raj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Raj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Independence_(1947–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Independence_(1947–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Post-Independence (1947–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Independence_(1947–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A" title="تاريخ دلهي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تاريخ دلهي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="দিল্লির ইতিহাস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দিল্লির ইতিহাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hen_Ddelhi" title="Hen Ddelhi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hen Ddelhi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_de_Delhi" title="Histoire de Delhi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Histoire de Delhi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="दिल्ली का इतिहास – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दिल्ली का इतिहास" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8" title="ದೆಹಲಿಯ ಇತಿಹಾಸ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದೆಹಲಿಯ ಇತಿಹಾಸ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഡെൽഹിയുടെ ചരിത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡെൽഹിയുടെ ചരിത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8" title="ਦਿੱਲੀ ਦਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦਿੱਲੀ ਦਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="دلی دی تریخ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دلی دی تریخ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="தில்லியின் வரலாறு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தில்லியின் வரலாறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%AF%DB%81%D9%84%DB%8C" title="تاریخ دہلی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تاریخ دہلی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Delhi_Subah&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Delhi Subah">Delhi Subah</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Delhi" title="Timeline of Delhi">Timeline of Delhi</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 250px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="10" style="margin-left: inherit; text-align:center; font-size: medium;">Historical Region of North India<br /><b>Delhi</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="2"><div style="position:relative; margin: 0 0 0 0; border-collapse: collapse; border="> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_from_the_top_of_the_Jama_Masjid_Minaret_New_Delhi_by_od.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A view of the Old City"><img alt="A view of the Old City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/View_from_the_top_of_the_Jama_Masjid_Minaret_New_Delhi_by_od.jpg/250px-View_from_the_top_of_the_Jama_Masjid_Minaret_New_Delhi_by_od.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/View_from_the_top_of_the_Jama_Masjid_Minaret_New_Delhi_by_od.jpg/375px-View_from_the_top_of_the_Jama_Masjid_Minaret_New_Delhi_by_od.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/View_from_the_top_of_the_Jama_Masjid_Minaret_New_Delhi_by_od.jpg/500px-View_from_the_top_of_the_Jama_Masjid_Minaret_New_Delhi_by_od.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2178" data-file-height="1410" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">Language</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>), <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Battle" title="Battle">Battles</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_India_(1303)" title="Mongol invasion of India (1303)">Battle of Delhi</a> (1303); <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongols</a> vs <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Khiljis</a><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Delhi_(1398)" title="Sack of Delhi (1398)">Sack of Delhi (1398)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurids</a> vs <a href="/wiki/Tughlaq_dynasty" title="Tughlaq dynasty">Tughlaqs</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tughlaqabad" title="Battle of Tughlaqabad">Battle of Delhi</a> (1556); <a href="/wiki/Hemu" title="Hemu">Hemu</a> vs <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a><br />Battle of Delhi (1737); <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Marathas</a> vs <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Delhi_(1757)" title="Sack of Delhi (1757)">Sack of Delhi (1757)</a>;<a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a> vs <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delhi_(1757)" title="Battle of Delhi (1757)">Battle of Delhi</a> (1757); <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Marathas</a> vs <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Delhi_(1760)" title="Capture of Delhi (1760)">Capture of Delhi (1760)</a> <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Confederacy" title="Maratha Confederacy">Marathas</a> vs <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delhi_(1764)" title="Battle of Delhi (1764)">Battle of Delhi</a> (1764); <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Confederacy" title="Maratha Confederacy">Marathas</a> vs <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Delhi_(1771)" title="Capture of Delhi (1771)">Battle of Delhi</a> (1771); <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Marathas</a> vs <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delhi_(1783)" title="Battle of Delhi (1783)">Battle of Delhi</a> (1783); <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikhs</a> vs <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Delhi_(1788)" title="Capture of Delhi (1788)">Capture of Delhi (1788)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Confederacy" title="Maratha Confederacy">Marathas</a> vs <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rohilkhand" title="Kingdom of Rohilkhand">Rohilla</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> Alliance </p><p><a href="/wiki/Maratha%E2%80%93Patiala_clashes" title="Maratha–Patiala clashes">Battle of Delhi (1793)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Confederacy" title="Maratha Confederacy">Marathas</a> vs <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delhi_(1803)" title="Battle of Delhi (1803)">Battle of Delhi</a> (1803); <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British East India Company</a> vs <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Marathas</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Delhi_(1804)" title="Siege of Delhi (1804)">Battle of Delhi</a> (1804); <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British East India Company</a> vs <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Marathas</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Delhi" title="Siege of Delhi">Battle of Delhi</a> (1857); <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British East India Company</a> vs <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasties</a></b> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuru_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuru Kingdom">Kuru Kingdom</a> (c. 1200 BCE – c. 500 BCE)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Tomara_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomara dynasty">Tomars</a> (736–1179)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Chahamanas_of_Shakambhari" title="Chahamanas of Shakambhari">Chauhan</a> (1180–1192)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ghurids" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghurids">Ghurids</a> (1193–1206)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Delhi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Delhi)">Mamluks</a> (1206–89)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Khalji_dynasty" title="Khalji dynasty">Khaljis</a> (1290–1320)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Tughlaq_dynasty" title="Tughlaq dynasty">Tughlaqs</a> (1320–1413)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_dynasty" title="Sayyid dynasty">Sayyids</a> (1414–51)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Lodi_dynasty" title="Lodi dynasty">Lodis</a> (1451–1526)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_dynasty" title="Mughal dynasty">Mughals</a> (1526–1540)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Sur_Empire" title="Sur Empire">Suris</a> (1540–55)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Hemu" title="Hemu">Hemchandra</a> (1556)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a> (1556–1764)</li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jat_dynasties_and_states" title="List of Jat dynasties and states">Jats</a> (1764–1770)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a> (1770–1771)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Marathas</a> (1757–1803)</li><li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British empire</a> (1803–1947)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> (1947–present)</li></ul></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></b> has been an important political centre of India as the capital of several empires.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The recorded history of Delhi begins with the 8th century <a href="/wiki/Tomara_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomara dynasty">Tomar Rajput</a> dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is considered to be a city built, destroyed and rebuilt several times, as outsiders who successfully invaded the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> would ransack the existing capital city in Delhi, and those who came to conquer and stay would be so impressed by the city's strategic location as to make it their capital and rebuild it in their own way.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the Ancient to the medieval era, Delhi was ruled by the powerful Rajput dynasties such as the <a href="/wiki/Tomara_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomara dynasty">Tomaras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chahamanas_of_Shakambhari" title="Chahamanas of Shakambhari">Chauhans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gautam_(clan)" title="Gautam (clan)">Gautamas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> is the name given for a series of five successive dynasties, which remained as a dominant power of <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> with Delhi as their capital.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the sultanate period, the city became a center for culture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHearn,_The_Seven_Cities_of_Delhi190688–99_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn,_The_Seven_Cities_of_Delhi190688–99-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Delhi Sultanate came to an end in 1526, when <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a> defeated the forces of the last Lodi sultan, <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Lodi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrahim Lodi">Ibrahim Lodi</a> at the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Panipat" title="First Battle of Panipat">first Battle of Panipat</a>, and formed the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a> ruled the area for three centuries. During the 16th century, the city declined as the Mughal capital was shifted. The fifth Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a> built the walled city of <a href="/wiki/Old_Delhi" title="Old Delhi">Shahjahanabad</a> within Delhi, and its landmarks, the <a href="/wiki/Red_Fort" title="Red Fort">Red Fort</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jama_Masjid,_Delhi" title="Jama Masjid, Delhi">Jama Masjid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Redfort_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redfort-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHearn,_The_Seven_Cities_of_Delhi1906134–173_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn,_The_Seven_Cities_of_Delhi1906134–173-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His reign would be considered the zenith of the empire. After the death of his successor <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a>, the Mughal Empire was plagued by a series of revolts. They lost major portions to the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Marathas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikhs</a> and many governors of erstwhile <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> provinces like <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Subah" title="Bengal Subah">Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oudh_State" title="Oudh State">Awadh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad</a>. Delhi was <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah%27s_invasion_of_the_Mughal_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire">sacked and looted</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah</a>. The Rajputs captured many important towns of Mughal heartland south of Delhi. The Marathas captured Delhi in the battle of Delhi in 1757 and continued to control it until 1803<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when they were defeated by the British during the second Anglo-Maratha War. In 1803, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delhi_(1803)" title="Battle of Delhi (1803)">Delhi was captured</a> by the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">British East India Company</a>. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">Company Rule in India</a>, the Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah II</a> was reduced to merely a figurehead. The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a> sought to end company rule and declared <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah II</a> the Emperor of India. However, the British soon <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Delhi" title="Siege of Delhi">recaptured Delhi</a> and their other territories, ending the short-lived rebellion. This also marked the beginning of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">direct British Rule in India</a>. In 1911, the capital of British India was shifted from <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Calcutta</a> to <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, the last inner city of Delhi designed by <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Lutyens" title="Edwin Lutyens">Edwin Lutyens</a>. </p><p>After India's <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Independence</a> from the British, <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> became the capital of the newly formed <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Republic of India</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1863_Dispatch_Atlas_Map_of_Delhi,_India_-_Geographicus_-_Delhi-dispatch-1867.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/1863_Dispatch_Atlas_Map_of_Delhi%2C_India_-_Geographicus_-_Delhi-dispatch-1867.jpg/300px-1863_Dispatch_Atlas_Map_of_Delhi%2C_India_-_Geographicus_-_Delhi-dispatch-1867.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/1863_Dispatch_Atlas_Map_of_Delhi%2C_India_-_Geographicus_-_Delhi-dispatch-1867.jpg/450px-1863_Dispatch_Atlas_Map_of_Delhi%2C_India_-_Geographicus_-_Delhi-dispatch-1867.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/1863_Dispatch_Atlas_Map_of_Delhi%2C_India_-_Geographicus_-_Delhi-dispatch-1867.jpg/600px-1863_Dispatch_Atlas_Map_of_Delhi%2C_India_-_Geographicus_-_Delhi-dispatch-1867.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2871" /></a><figcaption>Historic map of <a href="/wiki/Shahjahanabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahjahanabad">Shahjahanabad</a> (now known as <a href="/wiki/Old_Delhi" title="Old Delhi">Old Delhi</a>), in 1863</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Agrasen_ki_Baoli,_New_Delhi,_India_-_20070127.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Agrasen_ki_Baoli%2C_New_Delhi%2C_India_-_20070127.jpg/200px-Agrasen_ki_Baoli%2C_New_Delhi%2C_India_-_20070127.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Agrasen_ki_Baoli%2C_New_Delhi%2C_India_-_20070127.jpg/300px-Agrasen_ki_Baoli%2C_New_Delhi%2C_India_-_20070127.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Agrasen_ki_Baoli%2C_New_Delhi%2C_India_-_20070127.jpg/400px-Agrasen_ki_Baoli%2C_New_Delhi%2C_India_-_20070127.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1664" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Agrasen_ki_Baoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrasen ki Baoli">Agrasen ki Baoli</a> is believed to be originally built by the legendary king <a href="/wiki/Agrasen" title="Agrasen">Agrasen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pre_historic_period">Pre historic period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Pre historic period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There was <a href="/wiki/Ochre_Coloured_Pottery_culture" title="Ochre Coloured Pottery culture">Ochre Coloured Pottery culture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Red_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Red fort">Red fort</a> area which began around c.2000 BCE according to carbon dating. Around c.1200 BCE the region was inhabited by people of <a href="/wiki/Painted_Grey_Ware_culture" title="Painted Grey Ware culture">Painted Grey Ware culture</a> which corresponds to <a href="/wiki/Vedic_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic Period">Vedic Period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Significant prehistoric sites in Delhi include <a href="/wiki/Anangpur_Dam" title="Anangpur Dam">Anangpur</a> (in the <a href="/wiki/Badarpur,_Delhi" title="Badarpur, Delhi">Badarpur</a> region), as well as <a href="/wiki/Harappan_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Harappan civilisation">Harappan</a> excavations near Narela and Nand Nagari.<sup id="cite_ref-delhi_ancient_history_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-delhi_ancient_history-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_mythology">In mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A long-standing tradition associates Delhi with Indraprastha and identifies the legendary city with the village Indarpat, which survived until the early 20th century within the <a href="/wiki/Purana_Qila" title="Purana Qila">Purana Qila</a>. There is no tangible archeological evidence, however, which links the excavated 'painted greyware' at Purana Qila with the <a href="/wiki/Bharata_Khanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharata Khanda">Bharata Khanda</a> site.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Quotation needed from source to verify. (October 2021)">need quotation to verify</span></a></i>]</sup> The legendary ancient city of <a href="/wiki/Indraprastha" title="Indraprastha">Indraprastha</a> is mentioned in the ancient <a href="/wiki/Indian_epic_poetry" title="Indian epic poetry">Indian epic</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> probably compiled between the 3rd century BCE and the 3rd century CE, with the oldest preserved parts not much older than around 400 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Mauryan_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauryan period">Mauryan period</a>, Indraprastha was known as Indapatta in Buddhist literature. The location of Indraprastha is uncertain but <a href="/wiki/Purana_Qila" title="Purana Qila">Purana Qila</a> in present-day New Delhi is frequently cited.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BuitenenBuitenen1973_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BuitenenBuitenen1973-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medieval_period">Medieval period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Medieval period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tomara">Tomara</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tomara"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_bastion_of_Lal_Kot_fort,_Mehrauli,_Delhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The bastion of Lal Kot fort in Delhi's Mehrauli built by Tomara Rajput ruler, Anangpal Tomar in c. 1052 CE."><img alt="The bastion of Lal Kot fort in Delhi's Mehrauli built by Tomara Rajput ruler, Anangpal Tomar in c. 1052 CE." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/The_bastion_of_Lal_Kot_fort%2C_Mehrauli%2C_Delhi.jpg/150px-The_bastion_of_Lal_Kot_fort%2C_Mehrauli%2C_Delhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/The_bastion_of_Lal_Kot_fort%2C_Mehrauli%2C_Delhi.jpg/225px-The_bastion_of_Lal_Kot_fort%2C_Mehrauli%2C_Delhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/The_bastion_of_Lal_Kot_fort%2C_Mehrauli%2C_Delhi.jpg/300px-The_bastion_of_Lal_Kot_fort%2C_Mehrauli%2C_Delhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The bastion of <a href="/wiki/Qila_Rai_Pithora" title="Qila Rai Pithora">Lal Kot fort</a> in Delhi's Mehrauli built by Tomara Rajput ruler, <a href="/wiki/Anangpal_Tomar" title="Anangpal Tomar">Anangpal Tomar</a> in c. 1052 CE.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carving_at_Quwwat_ul-Islam_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sculptures of ancient temple in Qutb Minar complex."><img alt="Sculptures of ancient temple in Qutb Minar complex." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Carving_at_Quwwat_ul-Islam_Mosque.jpg/200px-Carving_at_Quwwat_ul-Islam_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Carving_at_Quwwat_ul-Islam_Mosque.jpg/300px-Carving_at_Quwwat_ul-Islam_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Carving_at_Quwwat_ul-Islam_Mosque.jpg/400px-Carving_at_Quwwat_ul-Islam_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sculptures of ancient temple in <a href="/wiki/Qutb_Minar_complex" title="Qutb Minar complex">Qutb Minar complex</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Round_Bations_of_Rai_Pithora.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lal Kot, built by Anangpal Tomar II"><img alt="Lal Kot, built by Anangpal Tomar II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Round_Bations_of_Rai_Pithora.jpg/200px-Round_Bations_of_Rai_Pithora.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Round_Bations_of_Rai_Pithora.jpg/300px-Round_Bations_of_Rai_Pithora.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Round_Bations_of_Rai_Pithora.jpg/400px-Round_Bations_of_Rai_Pithora.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lal Kot, built by Anangpal Tomar II</div> </li> </ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Anangpal_Tomar" title="Anangpal Tomar">Anangpal Tomar</a> founded Delhi in 1052. A <a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">VS</a> 1383 inscription in <a href="/wiki/National_Museum,_New_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum, New Delhi">Delhi Museum</a> confirms the founding of Delhi by the Tomars.<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_J._Cohen_1989.,_p._513-519_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard_J._Cohen_1989.,_p._513-519-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He established the Tomar Dynasty of Delhi in the early 8th century and built his capital at the <a href="/wiki/Anangpur_Dam" title="Anangpur Dam">Anangpur</a> village in Haryana. The <a href="/wiki/Anangpur_Dam" title="Anangpur Dam">Anangpur Dam</a> was built during his reign; the <a href="/wiki/Surajkund" title="Surajkund">Surajkund</a> during the reign of his son Surajpal.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chauhan_Rajputs">Chauhan Rajputs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chauhan Rajputs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qila_Rai_Pithora,_New_Delhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Qila_Rai_Pithora%2C_New_Delhi.jpg/200px-Qila_Rai_Pithora%2C_New_Delhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Qila_Rai_Pithora%2C_New_Delhi.jpg/300px-Qila_Rai_Pithora%2C_New_Delhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Qila_Rai_Pithora%2C_New_Delhi.jpg/400px-Qila_Rai_Pithora%2C_New_Delhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Museum and remnants of the walls of Qila Rai Pithora, the second city of Delhi.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Rajput" title="Rajput">Rajput</a> <a href="/wiki/Chahamanas_of_Shakambhari" title="Chahamanas of Shakambhari">Chahamana</a> (Chauhan) kings of <a href="/wiki/Ajmer" title="Ajmer">Ajmer</a> conquered Lal Kot in 1180 and renamed it Qila Rai Pithora. The Chauhan king <a href="/wiki/Prithviraj_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Prithviraj III">Prithviraj III</a> was defeated in 1192 by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ghori" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Ghori">Muhammad Ghori</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tarain" title="Second Battle of Tarain">Second Battle of Tarain</a>, solidifying Muslim presence in northern India and shattering Rajput power in the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indo-Gangetic Plain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Late_Medieval_period_(13th-16th_centuries_CE)"><span id="Late_Medieval_period_.2813th-16th_centuries_CE.29"></span>Late Medieval period (13th-16th centuries CE)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Late Medieval period (13th-16th centuries CE)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Delhi_Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Delhi Sultanate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1206, Delhi became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Delhi)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)">Slave Dynasty</a>. The first <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a> of Delhi, <a href="/wiki/Qutb-ud-din_Aybak" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutb-ud-din Aybak">Qutb-ud-din Aybak</a>, was a former slave who rose through the ranks to become a general, a governor and then Sultan of Delhi. Qutb-ud-din started the construction of the Qutub Minar, a recognisable symbol of Delhi, to commemorate his victory but died before its completion. In the Qutb complex he also constructed the Quwwat-al-Islam (might of Islam), which is the earliest extant mosque in India.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was said to have destroyed twenty-seven Jain temples initially housed in the Qutb complex and pillaged exquisitely carved pillars and building material from their debris for this mosque, many of which can still be seen.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the end of the Slave dynasty, a succession of Turkic Central Asian and Afghan dynasties, the <a href="/wiki/Khalji_dynasty" title="Khalji dynasty">Khalji dynasty</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tughluq_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tughluq dynasty">Tughluq dynasty</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_dynasty" title="Sayyid dynasty">Sayyid dynasty</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lodi_dynasty" title="Lodi dynasty">Lodi dynasty</a> held power in the late medieval period and built a sequence of forts and townships in Delhi.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qminar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Qutub Minar is the world's tallest brick minaret at 72.5 metres, built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak of the Slave dynasty in 1192 CE.[24]"><img alt="The Qutub Minar is the world's tallest brick minaret at 72.5 metres, built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak of the Slave dynasty in 1192 CE.[24]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Qminar.jpg/150px-Qminar.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Qminar.jpg/225px-Qminar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Qminar.jpg/300px-Qminar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Qutub_Minar" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutub Minar">Qutub Minar</a> is the world's tallest brick <a href="/wiki/Minaret" title="Minaret">minaret</a> at 72.5 metres, built by <a href="/wiki/Qutb-ud-din_Aibak" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutb-ud-din Aibak">Qutb-ud-din Aibak</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Delhi)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)">Slave dynasty</a> in 1192 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHearn,_The_Seven_Cities_of_Delhi190688–89_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn,_The_Seven_Cities_of_Delhi190688–89-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exteriors_of_the_Quwwat_ul-Islam_Mosque,_Qutb_Complex_-_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mosque tomb over ancient temple structure in Qutb Minar complex"><img alt="Mosque tomb over ancient temple structure in Qutb Minar complex" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Exteriors_of_the_Quwwat_ul-Islam_Mosque%2C_Qutb_Complex_-_1.jpg/200px-Exteriors_of_the_Quwwat_ul-Islam_Mosque%2C_Qutb_Complex_-_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Exteriors_of_the_Quwwat_ul-Islam_Mosque%2C_Qutb_Complex_-_1.jpg/300px-Exteriors_of_the_Quwwat_ul-Islam_Mosque%2C_Qutb_Complex_-_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Exteriors_of_the_Quwwat_ul-Islam_Mosque%2C_Qutb_Complex_-_1.jpg/400px-Exteriors_of_the_Quwwat_ul-Islam_Mosque%2C_Qutb_Complex_-_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mosque tomb over ancient temple structure in <a href="/wiki/Qutb_Minar_complex" title="Qutb Minar complex">Qutb Minar complex</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Ghayasuddin_Tughluq_-_Delhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughluq"><img alt="Tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughluq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Tomb_of_Ghayasuddin_Tughluq_-_Delhi.jpg/200px-Tomb_of_Ghayasuddin_Tughluq_-_Delhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Tomb_of_Ghayasuddin_Tughluq_-_Delhi.jpg/300px-Tomb_of_Ghayasuddin_Tughluq_-_Delhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Tomb_of_Ghayasuddin_Tughluq_-_Delhi.jpg/400px-Tomb_of_Ghayasuddin_Tughluq_-_Delhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2184" data-file-height="2184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tomb of <a href="/wiki/Ghiyath_al-Din_Tughluq" title="Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq">Ghiyasuddin Tughluq</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jahaz_Mahal_on_the_bank_of_Hauz-i-Shamsi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jahaz Mahal is built during the Lodi dynasty period (1452–1526) as a pleasure resort."><img alt="Jahaz Mahal is built during the Lodi dynasty period (1452–1526) as a pleasure resort." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Jahaz_Mahal_on_the_bank_of_Hauz-i-Shamsi.jpg/200px-Jahaz_Mahal_on_the_bank_of_Hauz-i-Shamsi.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Jahaz_Mahal_on_the_bank_of_Hauz-i-Shamsi.jpg/300px-Jahaz_Mahal_on_the_bank_of_Hauz-i-Shamsi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Jahaz_Mahal_on_the_bank_of_Hauz-i-Shamsi.jpg/400px-Jahaz_Mahal_on_the_bank_of_Hauz-i-Shamsi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1544" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jahaz_Mahal" title="Jahaz Mahal">Jahaz Mahal</a> is built during the Lodi dynasty period (1452–1526) as a pleasure resort.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alauddin%27s_Madrasa,_Qutb_complex.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alauddin Khilji's madrasa and Tomb in the Qutb complex."><img alt="Alauddin Khilji's madrasa and Tomb in the Qutb complex." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Alauddin%27s_Madrasa%2C_Qutb_complex.jpg/200px-Alauddin%27s_Madrasa%2C_Qutb_complex.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Alauddin%27s_Madrasa%2C_Qutb_complex.jpg/300px-Alauddin%27s_Madrasa%2C_Qutb_complex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Alauddin%27s_Madrasa%2C_Qutb_complex.jpg/400px-Alauddin%27s_Madrasa%2C_Qutb_complex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1948" data-file-height="1545" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Khilji" class="mw-redirect" title="Alauddin Khilji">Alauddin Khilji</a>'s <i>madrasa</i> and Tomb in the <a href="/wiki/Qutb_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutb complex">Qutb complex</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timur">Timur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Timur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1398, <a href="/wiki/Timur_Lang" class="mw-redirect" title="Timur Lang">Timur Lang</a> invaded India on the pretext that the Muslim <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan of Delhi">sultans of Delhi</a> were too tolerant of their <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> subjects. After defeating the armies of Nasiruddin Mahmud of <a href="/wiki/Tughlaq_dynasty" title="Tughlaq dynasty">Tughlaq dynasty</a>, on 15 December 1398, Timur entered Delhi on 18 December 1398, and the city was sacked, destroyed, and left in ruins, and over 100,000 war prisoners were killed as well.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defeat_of_the_Lodi_sultans">Defeat of the Lodi sultans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Defeat of the Lodi sultans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1526, following the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Panipat" title="First Battle of Panipat">First Battle of Panipat</a>, Zahiruddin <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a>, the former ruler of <a href="/wiki/Fergana" title="Fergana">Fergana</a>, defeated the last Afghan Lodi sultan and founded the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> dynasty which ruled from Delhi, <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mughal_Rule">Mughal Rule</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Mughal Rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></div><p>The early modern period in Indian history is marked with the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> between the 16th and 18th centuries. After the fall of the Delhi Sultanate, the Mughals ruled from <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikri" title="Fatehpur Sikri">Sikri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, but the city once became the capital in 1648 during the rule of <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a>, and remained the capital until the fall of the empire. During this time, Delhi became a center for culture, and poets such as <a href="/wiki/Ghalib" title="Ghalib">Ghalib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Mir_Dard" title="Khwaja Mir Dard">Dard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daagh_Dehlvi" title="Daagh Dehlvi">Dagh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ibrahim_Zauq" title="Mohammad Ibrahim Zauq">Zauq</a> lived in the city and sought patronage of the emperor. The Mughals also built several monuments in the city including <a href="/wiki/Humayun%27s_Tomb" title="Humayun's Tomb">Humayun's Tomb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_Fort" title="Red Fort">Red Fort</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jama_Masjid,_Delhi" title="Jama Masjid, Delhi">Jama Masjid</a>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Babur_and_Humayun_(1526–1556)"><span id="Babur_and_Humayun_.281526.E2.80.931556.29"></span>Babur and Humayun (1526–1556)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Babur and Humayun (1526–1556)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sur_Empire" title="Sur Empire">Sur Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hemu" title="Hemu">Hemu</a></div> <p>The first Mughal Emperors <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a> (1526–1530) and <a href="/wiki/Humayun" title="Humayun">Humayun</a> (1530–1540, restored 1556–57) ruled from Agra, unlike the preceding Delhi Sultans. </p><p>In the mid-16th century there was an interruption in the Mughal rule of India as <a href="/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri" title="Sher Shah Suri">Sher Shah Suri</a> defeated <a href="/wiki/Humayun" title="Humayun">Humayun</a> and forced him to flee to <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavid Empire">Persia</a>. Sher Shah Suri built the sixth city of Delhi, as well as the old fort known as <a href="/wiki/Purana_Qila" title="Purana Qila">Purana Qila</a>, even though this city was settled since the ancient era. After Sher Shah Suri's death in 1545, his son <a href="/wiki/Islam_Shah_Suri" title="Islam Shah Suri">Islam Shah</a> took the reins of north India from Delhi. Islam Shah ruled from Delhi. Then Humayun was briefly restored; but meanwhile in 1553 the Hindu <a href="/wiki/Hem_Chandra_Vikramaditya" class="mw-redirect" title="Hem Chandra Vikramaditya">Hemu</a> became the Prime Minister and Chief of Army of Adil Shah. </p><p>Hemu fought and won 22 battles in all against rebels and (twice) against the Mughal Akbar's army in Agra and Delhi, without losing any. After defeating Akbar's army on 7 October 1556 at Tughlaqabad fort area in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tughlaqabad" title="Battle of Tughlaqabad">Battle of Delhi</a>, Hemu acceded to Delhi throne and established Hindu Raj in North India for a brief period, taking the title 'Vikramaditya' at his coronation in <a href="/wiki/Purana_Quila" class="mw-redirect" title="Purana Quila">Purana Quila</a>, Delhi. Hemu was defeated at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Panipat" title="Second Battle of Panipat">second battle of Panipat</a> by Mughal forces led by <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a>'s regent <a href="/wiki/Bairam_Khan" title="Bairam Khan">Bairam Khan</a>, thus reinstating Mughal rule in the region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Akbar_to_Aurangzeb_(1556–1707)"><span id="Akbar_to_Aurangzeb_.281556.E2.80.931707.29"></span>Akbar to Aurangzeb (1556–1707)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Akbar to Aurangzeb (1556–1707)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The third and greatest Mughal emperor, <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> (1556–1605), continued to rule from <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a>, resulting in a decline in the fortunes of Delhi. </p><p>In the mid-17th century, the Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a> (1628–1658) built the city that sometimes bears his name <a href="/wiki/Shahjahanabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahjahanabad">Shahjahanabad</a>, the seventh city of Delhi that is now commonly known as the old city or old Delhi.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHearn,_The_Seven_Cities_of_Delhi1906134–173_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn,_The_Seven_Cities_of_Delhi1906134–173-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This city contains a number of significant architectural features, including the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Delhi Fort">Red Fort</a> (<i>Lal Qila</i>) and the <a href="/wiki/Jama_Masjid,_Delhi" title="Jama Masjid, Delhi">Jama Masjid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Redfort_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redfort-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city served as the capital of the later Mughal Empire from 1638 onward, when Shah Jahan transferred the capital back from Agra. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> (1658–1707) crowned himself as emperor in Delhi in 1658 at the <a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Bagh,_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shalimar Bagh, Delhi">Shalimar garden</a> ('Aizzabad-Bagh) with a second coronation in 1659. </p><p>After 1680, the Mughal Empire's influence declined rapidly as the <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a> rose to prominence.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline_of_Mughals">Decline of Mughals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Decline of Mughals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mughal%E2%80%93Maratha_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal–Maratha Wars">Mughal–Maratha Wars</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Delhi_(1737)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Delhi (1737) (page does not exist)">Battle of Delhi (1737)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Delhi_(1753)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of Delhi (1753)">Capture of Delhi (1753)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delhi_(1757)" title="Battle of Delhi (1757)">Battle of Delhi (1757)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delhi_(1783)" title="Battle of Delhi (1783)">Battle of Delhi (1783)</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> suffered several blows due to invasions from <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Marathas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharatpur_State" title="Bharatpur State">Jats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Afghans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikhs</a>. In 1737, <a href="/wiki/Bajirao_I" title="Bajirao I">Bajirao I</a> marched towards Delhi with a huge army. The Marathas defeated the Mughals in the First Battle of Delhi.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha</a> forces sacked Delhi following their victory against the Mughals.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1739, the Mughal Empire lost the huge <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karnal" title="Battle of Karnal">Battle of Karnal</a> in less than three hours against the numerically outnumbered but military superior Persian army led by <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah</a> during his <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah%27s_invasion_of_India" title="Nader Shah's invasion of India">invasion</a> after which he <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sack of Delhi">completely sacked and looted Delhi</a>, the Mughal capital, followed by massacre for 2 days, killing over 30,000 civilians and carrying away immense wealth including the <a href="/wiki/Peacock_Throne" title="Peacock Throne">Peacock Throne</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Daria-i-Noor" title="Daria-i-Noor">Daria-i-Noor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Koh-i-Noor" title="Koh-i-Noor">Koh-i-Noor</a>. Nader eventually agreed to leave the city and India after forcing the Mughal emperor <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shah" title="Muhammad Shah">Muhammad Shah I</a> to beg him for mercy and granting him the keys of the city and the royal treasury.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Farrukhsiyar_Procession_in_front_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Delhi.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar visits the Great Mosque of Delhi for the Friday prayers"><img alt="The Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar visits the Great Mosque of Delhi for the Friday prayers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Farrukhsiyar_Procession_in_front_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Delhi.png/134px-Farrukhsiyar_Procession_in_front_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Delhi.png" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Farrukhsiyar_Procession_in_front_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Delhi.png/201px-Farrukhsiyar_Procession_in_front_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Delhi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Farrukhsiyar_Procession_in_front_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Delhi.png/268px-Farrukhsiyar_Procession_in_front_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Delhi.png 2x" data-file-width="1006" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar visits the Great Mosque of Delhi for the Friday prayers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Fort_in_Delhi_03-2016_img3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Red Fort was commissioned by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in the 17th century,[9] it was the main residence of the Mughal emperors for nearly 200 years."><img alt="The Red Fort was commissioned by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in the 17th century,[9] it was the main residence of the Mughal emperors for nearly 200 years." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Red_Fort_in_Delhi_03-2016_img3.jpg/200px-Red_Fort_in_Delhi_03-2016_img3.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Red_Fort_in_Delhi_03-2016_img3.jpg/300px-Red_Fort_in_Delhi_03-2016_img3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Red_Fort_in_Delhi_03-2016_img3.jpg/400px-Red_Fort_in_Delhi_03-2016_img3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5387" data-file-height="3030" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Red_Fort" title="Red Fort">Red Fort</a> was commissioned by Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a> in the 17th century,<sup id="cite_ref-Redfort_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redfort-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was the main residence of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mughal_emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mughal emperors">Mughal emperors</a> for nearly 200 years.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Humayuntomb.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Humayun's Tomb is considered a predecessor to the Taj Mahal.[31]"><img alt="Humayun's Tomb is considered a predecessor to the Taj Mahal.[31]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Humayuntomb.JPG/200px-Humayuntomb.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Humayuntomb.JPG/300px-Humayuntomb.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Humayuntomb.JPG/400px-Humayuntomb.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Humayun%27s_Tomb" title="Humayun's Tomb">Humayun's Tomb</a> is considered a predecessor to the <a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jama_Masjid_-_In_the_Noon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Jama Masjid is one of the largest mosques in India."><img alt="The Jama Masjid is one of the largest mosques in India." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Jama_Masjid_-_In_the_Noon.jpg/200px-Jama_Masjid_-_In_the_Noon.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Jama_Masjid_-_In_the_Noon.jpg/300px-Jama_Masjid_-_In_the_Noon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Jama_Masjid_-_In_the_Noon.jpg/400px-Jama_Masjid_-_In_the_Noon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Jama_Masjid" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama Masjid">Jama Masjid</a> is one of the largest mosques in India.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maratha_Rule">Maratha Rule</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Maratha Rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raghunathrao_Peshwa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Raghunathrao_Peshwa.jpg/220px-Raghunathrao_Peshwa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Raghunathrao_Peshwa.jpg/330px-Raghunathrao_Peshwa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Raghunathrao_Peshwa.jpg/440px-Raghunathrao_Peshwa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1764" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Raghunath_Rao" title="Raghunath Rao">Raghunath Rao</a>, the younger brother of <a href="/wiki/Balaji_Bajirao" class="mw-redirect" title="Balaji Bajirao">Peshwa Balaji Bajirao</a>, led the Battle of Delhi in 1757.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maratha_Protectorate">Maratha Protectorate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Maratha Protectorate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Delhi_(1757)" title="Sack of Delhi (1757)">Sack of Delhi (1757)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delhi_(1757)" title="Battle of Delhi (1757)">Battle of Delhi (1757)</a></div> <p>A treaty signed in 1752 made <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Marathas</a> the protector of the Mughal throne at Delhi.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1753 <a href="/wiki/Bharatpur_State" title="Bharatpur State">Jat</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Suraj_Mal" title="Suraj Mal">Suraj Mal</a> attacked Delhi. He defeated Nawab of Delhi Ghazi-ud-din (second) and captured Delhi in the <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Delhi_(1753)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of Delhi (1753)">Capture of Delhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jats sacked Delhi from 9 May to 4 June.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Durrani" title="Ahmad Shah Durrani">Ahmad Shah Durrani</a> invaded <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North India</a> for the fourth time in early 1757. He <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Delhi_(1757)" title="Sack of Delhi (1757)">entered Delhi in January 1757</a> and kept the Mughal emperor under arrest. In August 1757, the Marathas once again attacked Delhi, decisively defeating <a href="/wiki/Najib_ad-Dawlah" title="Najib ad-Dawlah">Najib-ud-Daula</a> and his Rohilla Afghan army in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delhi_(1757)" title="Battle of Delhi (1757)">Battle of Delhi (1757)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, Ahmad Shah Durrani conquered Delhi in 1761, after the <a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Panipat" title="Third Battle of Panipat">Third Battle of Panipat</a> in which the Marathas were decisively defeated. Later, a treaty was made between the Marathas and Afghans that the Marathas would have all the lands east of the <a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a> river. Thus, the Marathas established full control over the city. Under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Jassa_Singh_Ahluwalia" title="Jassa Singh Ahluwalia">Jassa Singh Ahluwalia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baghel_Singh" title="Baghel Singh">Baghel Singh</a>, Delhi was briefly conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a> in early 1783 in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delhi_(1783)" title="Battle of Delhi (1783)">Battle of Delhi (1783)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline_of_the_Marathas">Decline of the Marathas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Decline of the Marathas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daulat_Rao_Scindia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Daulat_Rao_Scindia.jpg/220px-Daulat_Rao_Scindia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Daulat_Rao_Scindia.jpg/330px-Daulat_Rao_Scindia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Daulat_Rao_Scindia.jpg/440px-Daulat_Rao_Scindia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="507" /></a><figcaption>After losing the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delhi_(1803)" title="Battle of Delhi (1803)">Battle of Delhi (1803)</a> to the British, under Maratha ruler <a href="/wiki/Daulat_Rao_Scindia" class="mw-redirect" title="Daulat Rao Scindia">Daulat Rao Scindia</a>, the Marathas lost control of Delhi and the right to collect <a href="/wiki/Chauth" title="Chauth">chauth</a> from the Mughals</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delhi_(1803)" title="Battle of Delhi (1803)">Battle of Delhi (1803)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Delhi_(1804)" title="Siege of Delhi (1804)">Siege of Delhi (1804)</a></div> <p>In 1803, during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Second Anglo-Maratha War">Second Anglo-Maratha War</a>, the forces of <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a> defeated the <a href="/wiki/Maratha" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha">Maratha</a> forces in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delhi_(1803)" title="Battle of Delhi (1803)">Battle of Delhi (1803)</a>, ending the Maratha rule over the city.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, Delhi came under the control of <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a>, and became a part of the <a href="/wiki/North-Western_Provinces" title="North-Western Provinces">North-Western Provinces</a>. The Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Shah_Alam_II" title="Shah Alam II">Shah Alam II</a> remained a mere figurehead. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="British_Rule">British Rule</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: British Rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Gate_in_New_Delhi_03-2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/India_Gate_in_New_Delhi_03-2016.jpg/220px-India_Gate_in_New_Delhi_03-2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/India_Gate_in_New_Delhi_03-2016.jpg/330px-India_Gate_in_New_Delhi_03-2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/India_Gate_in_New_Delhi_03-2016.jpg/440px-India_Gate_in_New_Delhi_03-2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/India_Gate" title="India Gate">India Gate</a> commemorates the 90,000 <a href="/wiki/Military_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of India">Indian soldiers</a> who died in the <a href="/wiki/European_influence_in_Afghanistan" title="European influence in Afghanistan">Afghan Wars</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Forecourt,_Rashtrapati_Bhavan_-_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Forecourt%2C_Rashtrapati_Bhavan_-_1.jpg/220px-Forecourt%2C_Rashtrapati_Bhavan_-_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Forecourt%2C_Rashtrapati_Bhavan_-_1.jpg/330px-Forecourt%2C_Rashtrapati_Bhavan_-_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Forecourt%2C_Rashtrapati_Bhavan_-_1.jpg/440px-Forecourt%2C_Rashtrapati_Bhavan_-_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Rashtrapati_Bhavan" title="Rashtrapati Bhavan">Rashtrapati Bhavan</a> (President's Palace) is the official residence of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a>. Before independence, it used to be a residence for the <a href="/wiki/British_Viceroy" class="mw-redirect" title="British Viceroy">British Viceroy</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revolt_of_1857">Revolt of 1857</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Revolt of 1857"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Delhi" title="Siege of Delhi">Siege of Delhi</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a> sought to end Company Rule in India. On 11 May, the mutineers reached and captured Delhi, and declared <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar II">Bahadur Shah Zafar II</a> the Emperor of India, and the Emperor held his first court in many years. However, the British returned and <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Delhi" title="Siege of Delhi">laid siege to Delhi</a> on 8 June 1857. On 21 September, Delhi finally fell into the hands of British troops. The city received significant damage during the battle. Afterwards, the last titular Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar II">Bahadur Shah Zafar II</a> was captured and exiled to <a href="/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon">Rangoon</a>. </p><p>Delhi passed into the direct control of <a href="/wiki/British_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="British Government">British Government</a> in 1857 after the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a> and the remaining Mughal territories were annexed as a part of <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Raj">British Raj</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: British Raj"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a> was the capital of British India till 1911 but in 1911 at the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Durbar#Durbar_of_191" title="Delhi Durbar">Delhi Durbar of 1911</a>, held at the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_Park,_Delhi" title="Coronation Park, Delhi">Coronation Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_George_V" class="mw-redirect" title="King George V">King George V</a> announced the shifting of the capital to Delhi. <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> designed by the British <a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">architect</a> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Lutyens" title="Edwin Lutyens">Edwin Lutyens</a> was inaugurated in 1931 after its construction was delayed due to World War I.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">King George V</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Queen Mary</a> announced the project, although it did receive major opposition from the European business community of <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Lord_Curzon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Curzon">Lord Curzon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project was fulfilled by a team of architects, engineers and contractors, namely <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Lutyens" title="Edwin Lutyens">Sir Edwin Lutyens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Herbert_Baker" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Herbert Baker">Sir Herbert Baker</a>, Sir Teja Singh Malik, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Sykes_George" title="Walter Sykes George">Walter Sykes George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Tor_Russell" title="Robert Tor Russell">Robert Tor Russell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Shoosmith" title="Arthur Shoosmith">Arthur Shoosmith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sobha_Singh_(builder)" title="Sobha Singh (builder)">Sir Sobha Singh</a>, Basakha Singh, Ram Singh Kabli, Narain Singh and Dharam Singh Sethi.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New Delhi was officially declared as the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> after <a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">independence</a> in 1947. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-Independence_(1947–present)"><span id="Post-Independence_.281947.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Post-Independence (1947–present)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Post-Independence (1947–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">partition of India</a>, around five lakh Hindu and Sikh refugees, mainly from <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">West Punjab</a> fled to Delhi, while around three lakh Muslim residents of the city migrated to Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ethnic Punjabis are believed to account for at least 40% of Delhi's total population and are predominantly <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>-speaking <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Hindus" title="Punjabi Hindus">Punjabi Hindus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sanjay2008_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanjay2008-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Migration to Delhi from the rest of India continues (as of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>), contributing more to the rise of Delhi's population than the birth rate, which is declining.<sup id="cite_ref-migrationbirth_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-migrationbirth-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/States_Reorganisation_Act,_1956" title="States Reorganisation Act, 1956">States Reorganisation Act, 1956</a> created the Union Territory of Delhi from its predecessor, the <i><a href="/wiki/Chief_Commissioner%27s_Province" title="Chief Commissioner's Province">Chief Commissioner's Province</a> of Delhi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7thAmend56_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7thAmend56-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReorgAct56_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReorgAct56-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991 declared the Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as the National Capital Territory of Delhi.<sup id="cite_ref-NCTact_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCTact-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Act gave Delhi its own legislative assembly along Civil lines, though with limited powers.<sup id="cite_ref-NCTact_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCTact-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 1967 relations between Hindus and Muslims deteriorated to the level that there was a significant uptick in the number of riots and other disruption of civil life. One of the most significant was the 1973 riot in Bao Hindu Rao area, which resulted in the injury of 18 police officers and financial losses estimated to be around 500,000 Rupees, according to police sources. Another significant riot happened on 5 May 1974 in the Sadar Bazar area between Hindus and Muslims in which 11 people were killed and 92 were injured. This riot was the worst in Delhi since independence. The Centre for the Study of Developing Societies carried out a survey in nearby areas that showed significant division between Hindus and Muslims who saw each other negatively.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1966, an inscription of the Mauryan Emperor <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a> (273-236 BCE) was discovered near <a href="/wiki/Sriniwaspuri" title="Sriniwaspuri">Sriniwaspuri</a>. Two sandstone pillars inscribed with the <a href="/wiki/Ashokan_Edicts_in_Delhi" title="Ashokan Edicts in Delhi">edicts of Ashoka</a> were brought to by <a href="/wiki/Firuz_Shah_Tughluq" class="mw-redirect" title="Firuz Shah Tughluq">Firuz Shah Tughluq</a> in the 14th century already exist in Delhi. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LotusDelhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Lotus Temple[52]"><img alt="The Lotus Temple[52]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/LotusDelhi.jpg/200px-LotusDelhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/LotusDelhi.jpg/300px-LotusDelhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/LotusDelhi.jpg/400px-LotusDelhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="626" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Temple" title="Lotus Temple">Lotus Temple</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Delhimap.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Delhi today."><img alt="Delhi today." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Delhimap.jpg/200px-Delhimap.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Delhimap.jpg/299px-Delhimap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Delhimap.jpg/399px-Delhimap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="429" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Delhi today.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RajGhat.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Raj Ghat, where Mahatma Gandhi was cremated."><img alt="The Raj Ghat, where Mahatma Gandhi was cremated." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8d/RajGhat.JPG/200px-RajGhat.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8d/RajGhat.JPG/300px-RajGhat.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8d/RajGhat.JPG/400px-RajGhat.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Raj_Ghat" class="mw-redirect" title="Raj Ghat">Raj Ghat</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> was <a href="/wiki/Cremated" class="mw-redirect" title="Cremated">cremated</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrasen_ki_Baoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrasen ki Baoli">Agrasen ki Baoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gates_of_Delhi" title="Gates of Delhi">Gates of Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrauli_Archaeological_Park" title="Mehrauli Archaeological Park">Mehrauli Archaeological Park</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For instance, Indologist <a href="/wiki/J._A._B._van_Buitenen" title="J. A. B. van Buitenen">J. A. B. van Buitenen</a>, who translated the Mahabharata, wrote in 1973 that "there can be no reasonable doubt about the locations of <a href="/wiki/Hastinapura" class="mw-redirect" title="Hastinapura">Hastinapura</a>, of Indraprastha (Delhi's Purana Qila [...]), and of <a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCentre" class="citation web cs1">Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5743/">"Delhi –  A Heritage City"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180424023553/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5743/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Delhi+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3B+A+Heritage+City&rft.aulast=Centre&rft.aufirst=UNESCO+World+Heritage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Ftentativelists%2F5743%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/tomars-of-delhi/">"Tomars of Delhi: Rajput Clans of India"</a>. <i>GeeksforGeeks</i>. 12 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GeeksforGeeks&rft.atitle=Tomars+of+Delhi%3A+Rajput+Clans+of+India&rft.date=2024-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geeksforgeeks.org%2Ftomars-of-delhi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tomara-dynasty">"Tomara dynasty | Tomara Dynasty, Delhi, Rajputs | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Tomara+dynasty+%7C+Tomara+Dynasty%2C+Delhi%2C+Rajputs+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FTomara-dynasty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delhitourism.gov.in/delhitourism/aboutus/index.jsp">"Delhi Tourism"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Delhi+Tourism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.delhitourism.gov.in%2Fdelhitourism%2Faboutus%2Findex.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChopra1970" class="citation book cs1">Chopra, Prabha (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.11840"><i>Delhi : history and places of interest</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=India+-+Rajputs%2C+Kingdoms%2C+Warriors+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2024-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FIndia%2FThe-Rajputs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn,_The_Seven_Cities_of_Delhi190688–99-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHearn,_The_Seven_Cities_of_Delhi190688–99_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHearn,_The_Seven_Cities_of_Delhi1906">Hearn, The Seven Cities of Delhi 1906</a>, pp. 88–99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Redfort-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Redfort_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Redfort_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Redfort_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/231/">"Red Fort Complex"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180704063551/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/231">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Red+Fort+Complex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F231%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn,_The_Seven_Cities_of_Delhi1906134–173-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHearn,_The_Seven_Cities_of_Delhi1906134–173_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHearn,_The_Seven_Cities_of_Delhi1906134–173_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHearn,_The_Seven_Cities_of_Delhi1906">Hearn, The Seven Cities of Delhi 1906</a>, pp. 134–173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRathore" class="citation web cs1">Rathore, Abhinay. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indianrajputs.com/history/">"History of Rajputs in India"</a>. <i>Rajput Provinces of India</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rajput+Provinces+of+India&rft.atitle=History+of+Rajputs+in+India&rft.aulast=Rathore&rft.aufirst=Abhinay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianrajputs.com%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mittal, J.P. (2006), History of Ancient India (4250 BCE to 637 CE) page 675, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0616-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0616-1">978-81-269-0616-1</a> (This author considers King Agrasen an actual historical figure)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2008" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Upinder (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA216"><i>A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India From the Stone Age to the 12th Century</i></a>. Pearson Education India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788131711200" title="Special:BookSources/9788131711200"><bdi>9788131711200</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+and+Early+Medieval+India+From+the+Stone+Age+to+the+12th+Century&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+India&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9788131711200&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Upinder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH3lUIIYxWkEC%26pg%3DPA216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-delhi_ancient_history-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-delhi_ancient_history_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2006" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Upinder (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KkpdLnZpm78C"><i>Delhi: Ancient History</i></a>. Berghahn Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788187358299" title="Special:BookSources/9788187358299"><bdi>9788187358299</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Delhi%3A+Ancient+History&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9788187358299&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Upinder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKkpdLnZpm78C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTillotson2019" class="citation book cs1">Tillotson, Giles (2019). <i>Delhi Darahan</i>. Penguin Random House India. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780670091911" title="Special:BookSources/9780670091911"><bdi>9780670091911</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Delhi+Darahan&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Penguin+Random+House+India&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9780670091911&rft.aulast=Tillotson&rft.aufirst=Giles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustin2019" class="citation book cs1">Austin, Christopher R. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4jCoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA21"><i>Pradyumna: Lover, Magician, and Son of the Avatara</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-005411-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-005411-3"><bdi>978-0-19-005411-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pradyumna%3A+Lover%2C+Magician%2C+and+Son+of+the+Avatara&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-19-005411-3&rft.aulast=Austin&rft.aufirst=Christopher+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4jCoDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BuitenenBuitenen1973-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BuitenenBuitenen1973_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._A._B._van_BuitenenJohannes_Adrianus_Bernardus_BuitenenJames_L._Fitzgerald1973" class="citation book cs1">J. A. B. van Buitenen; Johannes Adrianus Bernardus Buitenen; James L. Fitzgerald (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i8oe5fY5_3UC&pg=PA10"><i>The Mahabharata, Volume 1: Book 1: The Book of the Beginning</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-84663-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-84663-7"><bdi>978-0-226-84663-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mahabharata%2C+Volume+1%3A+Book+1%3A+The+Book+of+the+Beginning&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-226-84663-7&rft.au=J.+A.+B.+van+Buitenen&rft.au=Johannes+Adrianus+Bernardus+Buitenen&rft.au=James+L.+Fitzgerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di8oe5fY5_3UC%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richard_J._Cohen_1989.,_p._513-519-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Richard_J._Cohen_1989.,_p._513-519_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen" class="citation journal cs1">Cohen, Richard J. "An Early Attestation of the Toponym Ḍhillī". <i>Journal of the American Oriental Society</i>. <b>1989</b>: 513–519.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&rft.atitle=An+Early+Attestation+of+the+Toponym+%E1%B8%8Chill%C4%AB&rft.volume=1989&rft.pages=513-519&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2006" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Upinder (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KkpdLnZpm78C&q=anangpur+dam+asi&pg=PA200"><i>Delhi: Ancient History</i></a>. Berghahn Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-87358-29-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-87358-29-9"><bdi>978-81-87358-29-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Delhi%3A+Ancient+History&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-87358-29-9&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Upinder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKkpdLnZpm78C%26q%3Danangpur%2Bdam%2Basi%26pg%3DPA200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Rajasthan/History">"Rajasthan - History"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Rajasthan+-+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FRajasthan%2FHistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/233/">"Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Qutb+Minar+and+its+Monuments%2C+Delhi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F233%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJāvīd2008" class="citation book cs1">Jāvīd, ʻAlī (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iFILG_V4hOMC&q=Qutub+Minar+Jain+temples&pg=RA1-PA107">"The Monuments At Delhi"</a>. <i>World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India</i>. Algora. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780875864846" title="Special:BookSources/9780875864846"><bdi>9780875864846</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Monuments+At+Delhi&rft.btitle=World+Heritage+Monuments+and+Related+Edifices+in+India&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Algora&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780875864846&rft.aulast=J%C4%81v%C4%ABd&rft.aufirst=%CA%BBAl%C4%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiFILG_V4hOMC%26q%3DQutub%2BMinar%2BJain%2Btemples%26pg%3DRA1-PA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfusd.k12.ca.us/schwww/sch618/Ibn_Battuta/Battuta's_Trip_Seven.html">Battuta's Travels: Delhi, capital of Muslim India</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080423014415/http://www.sfusd.k12.ca.us/schwww/sch618/Ibn_Battuta/Battuta%27s_Trip_Seven.html">Archived</a> 23 April 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn,_The_Seven_Cities_of_Delhi190688–89-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHearn,_The_Seven_Cities_of_Delhi190688–89_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHearn,_The_Seven_Cities_of_Delhi1906">Hearn, The Seven Cities of Delhi 1906</a>, pp. 88–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/mongols/timurid.html">The Islamic World to 1600: The Mongol Invasions (The Timurid Empire)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090816204247/http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/mongols/timurid.html">Archived</a> 16 August 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunter1909" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Wilson_Hunter" title="William Wilson Hunter">Hunter, Sir William Wilson</a> (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V02_401.gif">"The Indian Empire: Timur's invasion 1398"</a>. <i>The Imperial Gazetteer of India</i>. Vol. 2. p. 366.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Indian+Empire%3A+Timur%27s+invasion+1398&rft.btitle=The+Imperial+Gazetteer+of+India&rft.pages=366&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=Sir+William+Wilson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdsal.uchicago.edu%2Freference%2Fgazetteer%2Fpager.html%3Fobjectid%3DDS405.1.I34_V02_401.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2008" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Amelia (2008). <i>Rajasthan, Delhi, and Agra</i>. Lonely Planet. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-690-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-690-8"><bdi>978-1-74104-690-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rajasthan%2C+Delhi%2C+and+Agra&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-74104-690-8&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Amelia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&dq=Mir+Hasan+Khan+delhi+1737&pg=PA117">Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ga-pmgxsWwoC&dq=Bajirao+I&pg=PA12">History Modern India</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJagmohan2005" class="citation book cs1">Jagmohan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QsDSGn8jLPAC&q=muhammad+shah+nader+shah+beg+for+mercy&pg=PA298"><i>Soul and Structure of Governance in India</i></a>. Allied Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788177648317" title="Special:BookSources/9788177648317"><bdi>9788177648317</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soul+and+Structure+of+Governance+in+India&rft.pub=Allied+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9788177648317&rft.au=Jagmohan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQsDSGn8jLPAC%26q%3Dmuhammad%2Bshah%2Bnader%2Bshah%2Bbeg%2Bfor%2Bmercy%26pg%3DPA298&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/232/">"Humayun's Tomb, Delhi"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180704063329/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/232">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Humayun%27s+Tomb%2C+Delhi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F232%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon1993" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, Stewart (16 September 1993). <i>The Marathas 1600–1818, Volume 2</i>. Cambridge University Press, 1993. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26883-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26883-7"><bdi>978-0-521-26883-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Marathas+1600%E2%80%931818%2C+Volume+2&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press%2C+1993&rft.date=1993-09-16&rft.isbn=978-0-521-26883-7&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0M_bAAAAMAAJ&q=surajmal+capture+delhi+1753"><i>The Army Quarterly and Defence Journal, Volume 114</i></a>. West of England Press. 1984.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Army+Quarterly+and+Defence+Journal%2C+Volume+114&rft.pub=West+of+England+Press&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0M_bAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dsurajmal%2Bcapture%2Bdelhi%2B1753&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhattacherje1984" class="citation book cs1">Bhattacherje, S. B. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&q=maharaja+surajmal+captured+delhi+1753&pg=SL1-PA91"><i>Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates</i></a>. New Dawn Press. p. 595. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-932-70549-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-932-70549-2"><bdi>978-1-932-70549-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+Events+%26+Dates&rft.pages=595&rft.pub=New+Dawn+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-1-932-70549-2&rft.aulast=Bhattacherje&rft.aufirst=S.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoGVSvXuCsyUC%26q%3Dmaharaja%2Bsurajmal%2Bcaptured%2Bdelhi%2B1753%26pg%3DSL1-PA91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oAo1X2eagywC&dq=marathas+capture+delhi+in+1757&pg=PA88">The Pearson General Studies Manual 2009, Showick Thorpe Edgar Thorpe</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohal2018" class="citation news cs1">Johal, Vikramdeep (21 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/punjab/1783-sikh-conquest-to-come-alive-in-delhi-656274">"1783 Sikh conquest to come alive in Delhi"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=1783+Sikh+conquest+to+come+alive+in+Delhi&rft.date=2018-09-21&rft.aulast=Johal&rft.aufirst=Vikramdeep&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2Fnews%2Farchive%2Fpunjab%2F1783-sikh-conquest-to-come-alive-in-delhi-656274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayaram2003" class="citation book cs1">Mayaram, Shail (2003). <i>Against history, against state: counterperspectives from the margins Cultures of history</i>. Columbia University Press, 2003. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-12731-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-12731-8"><bdi>978-0-231-12731-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Against+history%2C+against+state%3A+counterperspectives+from+the+margins+Cultures+of+history&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press%2C+2003&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-231-12731-8&rft.aulast=Mayaram&rft.aufirst=Shail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A brief but fascinating account of the Indian contractors behind this constructed a Little Malice.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh1990" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Khushwant (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3Td8JkhtCNMC&q=delhi+lectures+khushwant"><i>Delhi</i></a>. Penguin Books India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-012619-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-012619-8"><bdi>978-0-14-012619-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Delhi&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+India&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-14-012619-8&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Khushwant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3Td8JkhtCNMC%26q%3Ddelhi%2Blectures%2Bkhushwant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/team-of-5-and-some-more-who-built-new-delhi-sobha-singh-7849906/">"Team of 5, and some more, who built New Delhi"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 3 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Team+of+5%2C+and+some+more%2C+who+built+New+Delhi&rft.date=2022-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fopinion%2Fcolumns%2Fteam-of-5-and-some-more-who-built-new-delhi-sobha-singh-7849906%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2011" class="citation web cs1">Singh, Khushwant (9 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/columns/give-the-builders-of-new-delhi-their-due/story-kdB9UKXKBw2JYRskrLDt3J.html">"Give the builders of New Delhi their due"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Give+the+builders+of+New+Delhi+their+due&rft.date=2011-07-09&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Khushwant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fcolumns%2Fgive-the-builders-of-new-delhi-their-due%2Fstory-kdB9UKXKBw2JYRskrLDt3J.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/capital-gains-how-1947-gave-birth-to-a-new-identity-a-new-ambition-a-new-delhi/story-e0GfoFrhwStTU2910v5DrJ.html">Hindustan Times</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/muslim-ghettos-of-delhi-6297633/">"How Muslim ghettos came about in Delhi"</a>. 3 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Muslim+ghettos+came+about+in+Delhi&rft.date=2020-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Fmuslim-ghettos-of-delhi-6297633%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151230215251/http://m.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/delhi-assembly-elections-2015-important-facts-and-stakeholders-25298.html">"Delhi Assembly Elections 2015: Important Facts And Major Stakeholders Mobile Site"</a>. <i>India TV News</i>. 6 February 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/delhi-assembly-elections-2015-important-facts-and-stakeholders-25298.html">the original</a> on 30 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+TV+News&rft.atitle=Delhi+Assembly+Elections+2015%3A+Important+Facts+And+Major+Stakeholders+Mobile+Site&rft.date=2015-02-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.indiatvnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fnational%2Fdelhi-assembly-elections-2015-important-facts-and-stakeholders-25298.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJupinderjit_Singh2015" class="citation web cs1">Jupinderjit Singh (February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200353/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/why-punjabis-are-central-to-delhi-election-36387">"Why Punjabis are central to Delhi election"</a>. <i>tribuneindia.com/news/sunday-special/perspective/why-punjabis-are-central-to-delhi-election/36387.html</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/mobi/news/sunday-special/perspective/why-punjabis-are-central-to-delhi-election/36387.html">the original</a> on 9 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tribuneindia.com%2Fnews%2Fsunday-special%2Fperspective%2Fwhy-punjabis-are-central-to-delhi-election%2F36387.html&rft.atitle=Why+Punjabis+are+central+to+Delhi+election&rft.date=2015-02&rft.au=Jupinderjit+Singh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2Fmobi%2Fnews%2Fsunday-special%2Fperspective%2Fwhy-punjabis-are-central-to-delhi-election%2F36387.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanjay2008-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sanjay2008_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanjay_Yadav2008" class="citation book cs1">Sanjay Yadav (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CTBBL1q5C_EC&pg=PA10"><i>The Invasion of Delhi</i></a>. Worldwide Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-88054-00-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-88054-00-8"><bdi>978-81-88054-00-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Invasion+of+Delhi&rft.pub=Worldwide+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-88054-00-8&rft.au=Sanjay+Yadav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCTBBL1q5C_EC%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-migrationbirth-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-migrationbirth_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070604194955/http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/03/stories/2005010311230300.htm">"Fall in Delhi birth rate fails to arrest population rise"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. Chennai. 3 January 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/03/stories/2005010311230300.htm">the original</a> on 4 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Fall+in+Delhi+birth+rate+fails+to+arrest+population+rise&rft.date=2005-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2005%2F01%2F03%2Fstories%2F2005010311230300.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7thAmend56-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7thAmend56_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170501011646/http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend7.htm">"The Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)" title="Ministry of Law and Justice (India)">Ministry of Law and Justice (India)</a></i>. 1956. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend7.htm">the original</a> on 1 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Law+and+Justice+%28India%29&rft.atitle=The+Constitution+%28Seventh+Amendment%29+Act%2C+1956&rft.date=1956&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiacode.nic.in%2Fcoiweb%2Famend%2Famend7.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReorgAct56-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReorgAct56_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170317144043/http://lawmin.nic.in/ld/P-ACT/1956/A1956-37.pdf">"The States Reorganisation Act, 1956"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)" title="Ministry of Law and Justice (India)">Ministry of Law and Justice (India)</a></i>. 1956. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lawmin.nic.in/ld/P-ACT/1956/A1956-37.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Law+and+Justice+%28India%29&rft.atitle=The+States+Reorganisation+Act%2C+1956&rft.date=1956&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flawmin.nic.in%2Fld%2FP-ACT%2F1956%2FA1956-37.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCTact-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NCTact_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NCTact_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend69.htm">"The Constitution (Sixty-Ninth Amendment) Act, 1991"</a>. <i>Government of India</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+House+of+Worship+at+New+Delhi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Ftentativelists%2F5921%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKishore2016" class="citation journal cs1">Kishore, Raghav (2016). "Planning, traffic and the city: railway development in colonial Delhi, c. 1899–1905". <i>Urban History</i>. <b>44</b> (2): 1–17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0963926816000353">10.1017/S0963926816000353</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151717699">151717699</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Urban+History&rft.atitle=Planning%2C+traffic+and+the+city%3A+railway+development+in+colonial+Delhi%2C+c.+1899%E2%80%931905&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1-17&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0963926816000353&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151717699%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kishore&rft.aufirst=Raghav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Hist" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V11_231.gif">"History of Delhi District"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India" title="The Imperial Gazetteer of India"><i>The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Vol. 11</i></a>. Oxford at Clarendon Press. 1909. p. 225.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=History+of+Delhi+District&rft.btitle=The+Imperial+Gazetteer+of+India%2C+Vol.+11&rft.pages=225&rft.pub=Oxford+at+Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1909&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdsal.uchicago.edu%2Freference%2Fgazetteer%2Fpager.html%3Fobjectid%3DDS405.1.I34_V11_231.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapoorSinghMukherjee2009" class="citation book cs1">Kapoor, Pramod; Singh, Malvika; Mukherjee, Rudrangshu (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KAAhQwAACAAJ"><i>New Delhi: Making of a Capital</i></a>. Lustre Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7436-574-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7436-574-3"><bdi>978-81-7436-574-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Delhi%3A+Making+of+a+Capital&rft.pub=Lustre+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-81-7436-574-3&rft.aulast=Kapoor&rft.aufirst=Pramod&rft.au=Singh%2C+Malvika&rft.au=Mukherjee%2C+Rudrangshu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKAAhQwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByron1931" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byron_(travel_writer)" title="Robert Byron (travel writer)">Byron, Robert</a> (1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/NewDelhiByRobertByron/New%20Delhi%20by%20Robert%20Byron#page/n1/mode/2up"><i>New Delhi</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Architectural_Review" title="The Architectural Review">The Architectural Review</a>, Westminster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Delhi&rft.pub=The+Architectural+Review%2C+Westminster&rft.date=1931&rft.aulast=Byron&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FNewDelhiByRobertByron%2FNew%2520Delhi%2520by%2520Robert%2520Byron%23page%2Fn1%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartcourt1873" class="citation book cs1">Hartcourt, A., Assistant Commissioner Delhi (1873). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/newguidetodelhi00harcgoog#page/n4/mode/1up"><i>The New guide to Delhi</i></a>. Lahore, Victoria Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+guide+to+Delhi&rft.pub=Lahore%2C+Victoria+Press&rft.date=1873&rft.aulast=Hartcourt&rft.aufirst=A.%2C+Assistant+Commissioner+Delhi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fnewguidetodelhi00harcgoog%23page%2Fn4%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFanshawe1902" class="citation book cs1">Fanshawe, H. C. (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/delhipastandpre00fansgoog#page/n6/mode/1up"><i>Delhi –  Past and Present</i></a>. London, J. Murray.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Delhi+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3B+Past+and+Present&rft.pub=London%2C+J.+Murray&rft.date=1902&rft.aulast=Fanshawe&rft.aufirst=H.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fdelhipastandpre00fansgoog%23page%2Fn6%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraser1903" class="citation book cs1">Fraser, Lovat (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/atdelhifras00fras#page/n5/mode/2up"><i>At Delhi (An account of the Delhi Durbar, 1903)</i></a>. Bombay : Times of India Press and Thacker.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=At+Delhi+%28An+account+of+the+Delhi+Durbar%2C+1903%29&rft.pub=Bombay+%3A+Times+of+India+Press+and+Thacker&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=Lovat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fatdelhifras00fras%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBardiar" class="citation book cs1">Bardiar, Nilendra. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140415093344/http://www.rubypressco.in/"><i>Urban, Cultural, Economic and Social Transformation: History of New Delhi (1947-65)</i></a>. New Delhi, Ruby Press & Co. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rubypressco.in">the original</a> on 15 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urban%2C+Cultural%2C+Economic+and+Social+Transformation%3A+History+of+New+Delhi+%281947-65%29&rft.pub=New+Delhi%2C+Ruby+Press+%26+Co.&rft.aulast=Bardiar&rft.aufirst=Nilendra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rubypressco.in&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHearn,_The_Seven_Cities_of_Delhi1906" class="citation book cs1">Hearn, Gordon Risley (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/sevencitiesofdel00hear#page/n9/mode/2up"><i>The Seven Cities of Delhi</i></a>. W. Thacker & Co., London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Seven+Cities+of+Delhi&rft.pub=W.+Thacker+%26+Co.%2C+London&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Hearn&rft.aufirst=Gordon+Risley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fsevencitiesofdel00hear%23page%2Fn9%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Delhi&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hiSFxKMO_2Q&NR=1">Delhi (1938)</a>, a documentary by BFI archives</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/upenn-f16-0737_1930_India"><i>Scenes from Delhi</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Silent film)</span>. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Films. c. 1930. 18:16–23:27 minutes in.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scenes+from+Delhi&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Museum+of+Archaeology+and+Anthropology+Films&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fupenn-f16-0737_1930_India&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Delhi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141025130035/http://www.malchakls.org/land-aquisition-act-1894/">Land and Acquisition Act of 1894, under which the new city of Delhi was acquired</a> (archived 25 October 2014)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141025173022/http://www.malchakls.org/agreement-construction-rashtrapti-bhawan/">The agreement of construction of new city of Delhi with original signatures of Herbert Baker and Edwin Luteyns</a> (archived 25 October 2014)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_National_Capital_Territory_of_Delhi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Delhi" title="Template:Delhi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Delhi" title="Template talk:Delhi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Delhi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Delhi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_National_Capital_Territory_of_Delhi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Delhi_Capital_Territory.svg/23px-Flag_of_Delhi_Capital_Territory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Delhi_Capital_Territory.svg/35px-Flag_of_Delhi_Capital_Territory.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Delhi_Capital_Territory.svg/45px-Flag_of_Delhi_Capital_Territory.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2346" data-file-height="1567" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">National Capital Territory of Delhi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Delhi" title="Category:Delhi">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Delhi" title="Architecture of Delhi">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Delhi" title="Climate of Delhi">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Delhi" title="Economy of Delhi">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Delhi" title="Education in Delhi">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Delhi" title="Government of Delhi">Government</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Delhi" title="Sport in Delhi">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Delhi">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Delhi" title="Transport in Delhi">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Delhi" title="Timeline of Delhi">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indraprastha" title="Indraprastha">Indraprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastinapur" title="Hastinapur">Hastinapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomara_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomara dynasty">Tomaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chahamanas_of_Shakambhari" title="Chahamanas of Shakambhari">Chauhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prithviraj_Raso" title="Prithviraj Raso">Prithviraj Raso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquests_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent">Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Delhi)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)">Mamluk dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalji_dynasty" title="Khalji dynasty">Khalji dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughlaq_dynasty" title="Tughlaq dynasty">Tughlaq dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_dynasty" title="Sayyid dynasty">Sayyid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodi_dynasty" title="Lodi dynasty">Lodi dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri" title="Sher Shah Suri">Sher Shah Suri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Delhi" title="Old Delhi">Old Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah Zafar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of India">Viceroy of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government<br />and administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature"> Legislatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Delhi" title="Government of Delhi">Government of Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Legislative_Assembly" title="Delhi Legislative Assembly">Delhi Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Cantonment" title="Delhi Cantonment"> Delhi Cantonment Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi_Municipal_Council" title="New Delhi Municipal Council">New Delhi Municipal Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporation_of_Delhi" title="Municipal Corporation of Delhi">Municipal Corporation of Delhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Delhi" title="List of chief ministers of Delhi"> Chief Minister of Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Delhi" title="List of lieutenant governors of Delhi"> Lieutenant Governor of Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Cantonment" title="Delhi Cantonment"> President of Delhi Cantonment Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi_Municipal_Council" title="New Delhi Municipal Council"> Chairman of New Delhi Municipal Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_(India)" title="Mayor (India)"> Mayors of Municipal Corporations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Appellate_court" title="Appellate court"> Appellate courts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_High_Court" title="Delhi High Court">Delhi High Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India"> GoI agencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Police" title="Delhi Police">Delhi Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Development_Authority" title="Delhi Development Authority">Delhi Development Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Delhi" title="Government of Delhi"> GNCTD agencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Commission_for_Women" title="Delhi Commission for Women">Delhi Commission for Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Jal_Board" title="Delhi Jal Board">Delhi Jal Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Vidyut_Board" title="Delhi Vidyut Board">Delhi Vidyut Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Fire_Service" title="Delhi Fire Service">Delhi Fire Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Transport_Corporation" title="Delhi Transport Corporation">Delhi Transport Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Directorate_of_Education" title="Delhi Directorate of Education">Delhi Directorate of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Urban_Shelter_Improvement_Board" title="Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board"> DUSIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Tourism_and_Transportation_Development_Corporation" title="Delhi Tourism and Transportation Development Corporation"> DTTDC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_State_Election_Commission" title="Delhi State Election Commission">Delhi State Election Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places of interest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Parliament House/Sansad Bhavan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_New_Delhi" title="Parliament House, New Delhi">Parliament House, New Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Parliament_House,_New_Delhi" title="Old Parliament House, New Delhi">Old Parliament House, New Delhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrapati_Bhavan" title="Rashtrapati Bhavan">Rashtrapati Bhavan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrasen_Ki_Baoli" title="Agrasen Ki Baoli">Agrasen Ki Baoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashokan_Edicts_in_Delhi" title="Ashokan Edicts in Delhi">Ashokan Edicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bara_Gumbad" title="Bara Gumbad">Bara Gumbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barakhamba" title="Barakhamba">Barakhamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunder_Nursery" title="Sunder Nursery">Central Park (Sunder Nursery)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chausath_Khamba" title="Chausath Khamba">Chausath Khamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chor_Minar" title="Chor Minar">Chor Minar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Park,_Delhi" title="Coronation Park, Delhi">Coronation Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feroz_Shah_Kotla" title="Feroz Shah Kotla">Feroz Shah Kotla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gates_of_Delhi" title="Gates of Delhi">Gates of Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauz-i-Shamsi" title="Hauz-i-Shamsi">Hauz-i-Shamsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauz_Khas_Complex" title="Hauz Khas Complex">Hauz Khas Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijron_Ka_Khanqah" title="Hijron Ka Khanqah">Hijron Ka Khanqah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humayun%27s_Tomb" title="Humayun's Tomb">Humayun's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahanpanah" title="Jahanpanah">Jahanpanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahaz_Mahal" title="Jahaz Mahal">Jahaz Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamali_Kamali_Mosque_and_Tomb" title="Jamali Kamali Mosque and Tomb">Jamali Kamali Mosque and Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jantar_Mantar,_New_Delhi" title="Jantar Mantar, New Delhi">Jantar Mantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirki_Mosque" title="Khirki Mosque">Khirki Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Temple" title="Lotus Temple">Lotus Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrauli" title="Mehrauli">Mehrauli complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metcalfe_House" title="Metcalfe House">Metcalfe House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moth_ki_Masjid" class="mw-redirect" title="Moth ki Masjid">Moth ki Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purana_Qila" title="Purana Qila">Purana Qila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qila_Rai_Pithora" title="Qila Rai Pithora">Qila Rai Pithora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutb_Minar_complex" title="Qutb Minar complex">Qutb Minar complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Fort" title="Red Fort">Red Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salimgarh_Fort" title="Salimgarh Fort">Salimgarh Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_Gumbad" title="Shish Gumbad">Shish Gumbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siri_Fort" title="Siri Fort">Siri Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ghari" title="Sultan Ghari">Sultan Ghari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_Murti_Bhavan" title="Teen Murti Bhavan">Teen Murti Bhavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Isa_Khan" title="Tomb of Isa Khan">Tomb of Isa Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Safdar_Jang" title="Tomb of Safdar Jang">Tomb of Safdar Jang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughlaqabad_Fort" title="Tughlaqabad Fort">Tughlaqabad Fort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Memorials<br />and museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/India_Gate" title="India Gate">India Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_Memorial_(India)" title="National Police Memorial (India)">National Police Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_War_Memorial_(India)" title="National War Memorial (India)">National War Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_Ghat_and_associated_memorials" title="Raj Ghat and associated memorials">Raj Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Truth" title="Wall of Truth">Wall of Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrapati_Bhavan_Museum" title="Rashtrapati Bhavan Museum">Rashtrapati Bhavan Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force_Museum,_Palam" title="Indian Air Force Museum, Palam">Indian Air Force Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rail_Museum,_New_Delhi" title="National Rail Museum, New Delhi">National Rail Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_neighbourhoods_of_Delhi" title="List of neighbourhoods of Delhi">Neighbourhoods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chanakyapuri" title="Chanakyapuri">Chanakyapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Lines,_Delhi" title="Civil Lines, Delhi"> Civil Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauz_Khas" title="Hauz Khas">Hauz Khas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karol_Bagh" title="Karol Bagh">Karol Bagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lajpat_Nagar" title="Lajpat Nagar">Lajpat Nagar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahinsa_Sthal" title="Ahinsa Sthal">Ahinsa Sthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Akshardham_(New_Delhi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaminarayan Akshardham (New Delhi)"> Akshardham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatarpur_Temple" title="Chhatarpur Temple">Chhatarpur Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatehpuri_Mosque" title="Fatehpuri Mosque">Fatehpuri Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurudwara_Bangla_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurudwara Bangla Sahib">Gurudwara Bangla Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurudwara_Sis_Ganj_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib">Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman_Temple,_Connaught_Place" title="Hanuman Temple, Connaught Place">Hanuman Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISKCON_Temple_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="ISKCON Temple Delhi">ISKCON Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama_Masjid,_Delhi" title="Jama Masjid, Delhi">Jama Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalka_Mandir,_Delhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalka Mandir, Delhi (page does not exist)"> Kalkaji Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxminarayan_Temple" title="Laxminarayan Temple">Laxminarayan Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Temple" title="Lotus Temple">Lotus Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Dargah" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizamuddin Dargah">Nizamuddin Dargah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Cathedral,_New_Delhi" title="Sacred Heart Cathedral, New Delhi">Sacred Heart Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Atma_Vallabh_Jain_Smarak" title="Shri Atma Vallabh Jain Smarak">Shri Atma Vallabh Jain Smarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Digambar_Jain_Lal_Mandir" title="Sri Digambar Jain Lal Mandir">Sri Digambar Jain Lal Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Church_of_the_Redemption" title="Cathedral Church of the Redemption"> Viceroy Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogmaya_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogmaya Temple">Yogmaya Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streets and plazas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandni_Chowk" title="Chandni Chowk">Chandni Chowk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connaught_Place,_New_Delhi" title="Connaught Place, New Delhi"> Connaught Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilli_Haat" title="Dilli Haat">Dilli Haat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garstin_Bastion_Road,_New_Delhi" title="Garstin Bastion Road, New Delhi"> G. B. Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janpath" title="Janpath">Janpath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khari_Baoli" title="Khari Baoli">Khari Baoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palika_Bazaar" title="Palika Bazaar">Palika Bazaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramlila_Maidan" title="Ramlila Maidan">Ramlila Maidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajpath" title="Rajpath">Rajpath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography<br />and divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Delhi" title="List of districts of Delhi">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Delhi_district" title="Central Delhi district">Central Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Delhi_district" title="East Delhi district">East Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi_district" title="New Delhi district">New Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Delhi_district" title="North Delhi district">North Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Delhi_district" title="North East Delhi district">North East Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_Delhi_district" title="North West Delhi district">North West Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahdara_district" title="Shahdara district">Shahdara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Delhi_district" title="South Delhi district">South Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_East_Delhi_district" title="South East Delhi district">South East Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Delhi_district" title="South West Delhi district">South West Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Delhi_district" title="West Delhi district">West Delhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)" title="National Capital Region (India)">National Capital Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faridabad" title="Faridabad">Faridabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaziabad" title="Ghaziabad">Ghaziabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Noida" title="Greater Noida">Greater Noida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurgaon" title="Gurgaon">Gurgaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noida" title="Noida">Noida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_city" title="Satellite city">Satellite cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurgaon" title="Gurgaon">Gurgaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faridabad" title="Faridabad">Faridabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhajjar" title="Jhajjar">Jhajjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadurgarh" title="Bahadurgarh">Bahadurgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noida" title="Noida">Noida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Noida" title="Greater Noida">Greater Noida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadri" title="Dadri">Dadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaziabad" title="Ghaziabad">Ghaziabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghpat" title="Baghpat">Baghpat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Delhi" title="Transport in Delhi">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em">Within Delhi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_International_Airport" title="Indira Gandhi International Airport">Indira Gandhi International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safdarjung_Airport" title="Safdarjung Airport">Safdarjung Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em">Outside Delhi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindon_Airport" title="Hindon Airport">Hindon Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noida_International_Airport" title="Noida International Airport"> Noida International Airport (under construction)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Template:Railway_stations_in_Delhi" title="Template:Railway stations in Delhi"> Indian railway stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Vihar_Terminal_railway_station" title="Anand Vihar Terminal railway station">Anand Vihar Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Junction_railway_station" title="Delhi Junction railway station">Delhi Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sarai_Rohilla_railway_station" title="Delhi Sarai Rohilla railway station">Sarai Rohilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazrat_Nizamuddin_railway_station" title="Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station">Hazrat Nizamuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi_railway_station" title="New Delhi railway station">New Delhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em">Urban and suburban rail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Metro" title="Delhi Metro">Delhi Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Suburban_Railway" title="Delhi Suburban Railway">Delhi Suburban Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Ring_Railway" title="Delhi Ring Railway">Delhi Ring Railway</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RapidX" title="RapidX">Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS)</a></i> (under construction)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Inter_State_Bus_Terminals" class="mw-redirect" title="Inter State Bus Terminals">Bus terminals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekanand_Inter_State_Bus_Terminus" title="Swami Vivekanand Inter State Bus Terminus"> Anand Vihar ISBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharana_Pratap_Inter_State_Bus_Terminus" title="Maharana Pratap Inter State Bus Terminus"> Kashmere Gate ISBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarai_Kale_Khan_Inter-State_Bus_Terminus" title="Sarai Kale Khan Inter-State Bus Terminus"> Sarai Kale Khan ISBT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Highways_passing_from_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Highways passing from Delhi"> Highways / expressways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Ring_Road,_Delhi" title="Inner Ring Road, Delhi"> Inner Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Ring_Road,_Delhi" title="Outer Ring Road, Delhi"> Outer Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DND_Flyway" title="DND Flyway">DND Flyway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi%E2%80%93Gurgaon_Expressway" title="Delhi–Gurgaon Expressway">Delhi–Gurgaon Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi%E2%80%93Meerut_Expressway" title="Delhi–Meerut Expressway">Delhi–Meerut Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi%E2%80%93Faridabad_Skyway" title="Delhi–Faridabad Skyway">Delhi–Faridabad Skyway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Delhi" title="Sport in Delhi">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_cricket_team" title="Delhi cricket team">Delhi cricket team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_football_team" title="Delhi football team">Delhi football team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Capitals" title="Delhi Capitals">Delhi Capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Waveriders" title="Delhi Waveriders">Delhi Waveriders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabang_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dabang Delhi">Dabang Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudeva_Delhi_FC" title="Sudeva Delhi FC">Sudeva Delhi FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_FC" title="Delhi FC">Delhi FC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Capitals_(basketball)" title="Delhi Capitals (basketball)">Delhi Capitals (basketball)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Defenders" title="Delhi Defenders">Delhi Defenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Dynamos_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Delhi Dynamos FC">Delhi Dynamos FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Smashers" title="Delhi Smashers">Delhi Smashers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_United_FC" title="Delhi United FC">Delhi United FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Wizards" title="Delhi Wizards">Delhi Wizards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garhwal_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Garhwal FC">Garhwal FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_FC" title="Hindustan FC">Hindustan FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi_Heroes_FC" title="New Delhi Heroes FC">New Delhi Heroes FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simla_Youngs_FC" title="Simla Youngs FC">Simla Youngs FC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stadiums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Jaitley_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Arun Jaitley Stadium">Arun Jaitley Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrasal_Stadium" title="Chhatrasal Stadium">Chhatrasal Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_University_Stadium" title="Delhi University Stadium">Delhi University Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambedkar_Stadium" title="Ambedkar Stadium">Dr. Ambedkar Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Karni_Singh_Shooting_Range" title="Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range">Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_Arena" title="Indira Gandhi Arena">Indira Gandhi Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Stadium_(Delhi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi)">Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_Dhyan_Chand_National_Stadium" title="Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium">Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siri_Fort_Sports_Complex" title="Siri Fort Sports Complex">Siri Fort Sports Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPM_Swimming_Pool_Complex" title="SPM Swimming Pool Complex">SPM Swimming Pool Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talkatora_Stadium" title="Talkatora Stadium">Talkatora Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyagaraj_Sports_Complex" title="Thyagaraj Sports Complex">Thyagaraj Sports Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamuna_Sports_Complex" title="Yamuna Sports Complex">Yamuna Sports Complex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1951_Asian_Games" title="1951 Asian Games">1951 Asian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Asian_Games" title="1982 Asian Games">1982 Asian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Cricket_World_Cup" title="1987 Cricket World Cup">1987 Cricket World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Asian_Athletics_Championships" title="1989 Asian Athletics Championships">1989 Asian Athletics Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Cricket_World_Cup" title="1996 Cricket World Cup">1996 Cricket World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Commonwealth_Games" title="2010 Commonwealth Games">2010 Commonwealth Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Men%27s_Hockey_World_Cup" title="2010 Men's Hockey World Cup">2010 Men's Hockey World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Cricket_World_Cup" title="2011 Cricket World Cup">2011 Cricket World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_FIFA_U-17_World_Cup" title="2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup">2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Half_Marathon" title="Delhi Half Marathon">Delhi Half Marathon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(India)" title="Republic Day (India)">Republic Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cinemas_in_Delhi" title="List of cinemas in Delhi">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_in_Delhi" title="Shopping in Delhi">Shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Queer_Pride_Parade" title="Delhi Queer Pride Parade">Delhi Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutub_Festival" title="Qutub Festival">Qutub Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Punjabi cuisine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Delhi_templates" title="Category:Delhi templates"> Other templates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_temples_in_Delhi" title="Template:Hindu temples in Delhi">Hindu temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Delhi_landmarks" title="Template:Delhi landmarks">Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Museums_in_Delhi" title="Template:Museums in Delhi">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Neighbourhoods_of_Delhi" title="Template:Neighbourhoods of Delhi">Neighbourhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Power_Plants_of_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Power Plants of Delhi">Power plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Schools_in_Delhi" title="Template:Schools in Delhi">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Universities_and_colleges_in_Delhi" title="Template:Universities and colleges in Delhi">Universities and colleges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Delhi" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Delhi">Buildings and structures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_neighbourhoods_of_Delhi" title="List of neighbourhoods of Delhi">Neighbourhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Delhi" title="List of tourist attractions in Delhi">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_Delhi" title="List of parks in Delhi">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Delhi" title="Category:People from Delhi">Notable people from Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">List of cities in India by population</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historical_regions_of_North_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_regions_of_North_India" title="Template:Historical regions of North India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_regions_of_North_India" title="Template talk:Historical regions of North India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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title="Bundelkhand">Bundelkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardistan" title="Dardistan">Dardistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doaba" title="Doaba">Doaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhundhar" title="Dhundhar">Dhundhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garhwal_division" title="Garhwal division">Garhwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorwar" title="Gorwar">Gorwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadoti" title="Hadoti">Hadoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_division" title="Jammu division">Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumaon_division" title="Kumaon division">Kumaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majha" title="Majha">Majha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwar" title="Marwar">Marwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mewar" title="Mewar">Mewar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mewat" title="Mewat">Mewat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malwa_(Punjab)" title="Malwa (Punjab)">Malwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purvanchal" title="Purvanchal">Purvanchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohilkhand" title="Rohilkhand">Rohilkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shekhawati" title="Shekhawati">Shekhawati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagad" title="Vagad">Vagad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_History_of_India" style="text-align:left;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/History_of_India" title="History of India">History of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="History of Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Arunachal_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Assam" title="History of Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bihar" title="History of Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chhattisgarh" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Goa" title="History of Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Gujarat" title="History of Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Haryana" title="History of Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Himachal_Pradesh" title="History of Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jharkhand" title="History of Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Karnataka" title="History of Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kerala" title="History of Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Madhya_Pradesh" title="History of Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Maharashtra" title="History of Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Manipur" title="History of Manipur">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Meghalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mizoram" title="History of Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nagaland" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Odisha" title="History of Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Punjab,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Rajasthan" title="History of Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sikkim" title="History of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tamil_Nadu" title="History of Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Telangana" title="History of Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tripura" title="History of Tripura">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="History of Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Uttarakhand" title="History of Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_West_Bengal" title="History of West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">Union territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chandigarh" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ladakh" title="History of Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lakshadweep" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Puducherry_(union_territory)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Puducherry (union territory) (page does not exist)">Puducherry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div 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href="/wiki/History_of_Dehradun" title="History of Dehradun">Dehradun</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hyderabad" title="History of Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jaipur" title="History of Jaipur">Jaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kochi" title="History of Kochi">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kolkata" title="History of Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Madurai" title="History of Madurai">Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mumbai" title="History of Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nagpur" title="History of Nagpur">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Patna" title="History of Patna">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Prayagraj" title="History of Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pune" title="History of Pune">Pune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Surat" title="History of 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