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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Health Care</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">33,153 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Health Care</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Health_Care">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_57349193" data-work_id="57349193" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57349193/Complaints_against_nurses_a_reflection_of_the_new_managerialism_and_consumerism_in_health_care">Complaints against nurses: a reflection of `the new managerialism' and consumerism in health care?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper discusses the eects of restructuring on nursing as a profession through an examination of the issue of complaints in Ontario. It argues that new managerialist techniques and associated changes in the nature of work are reducing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_57349193" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper discusses the eects of restructuring on nursing as a profession through an examination of the issue of complaints in Ontario. It argues that new managerialist techniques and associated changes in the nature of work are reducing the autonomy of nurses and making it dicult for them to meet the standards of their profession. Simultaneously, the Ontario government has increased the power of the public in the disciplinary process and the College of Nurses of Ontario is encouraging patients to register their complaints. The growth of consumerism in health care, coupled with the disciplinary process, individualizes complaints and deemphasizes their relationship to restructuring. Moreover, in response to the increasing number of complaints ± complaints which more often come from the public ± nursing organizations have encouraged the legalization of the disciplinary process, thus fostering the individualization of the issues.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/57349193" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="40c6080c522fce8674e4f392ca70f660" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72294907,"asset_id":57349193,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72294907/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52225208" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BarbaraBeardwood">Barbara Beardwood</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52225208" type="text/json">{"id":52225208,"first_name":"Barbara","last_name":"Beardwood","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BarbaraBeardwood","display_name":"Barbara Beardwood","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BarbaraBeardwood?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_57349193 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="57349193"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 57349193, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_57349193", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_57349193 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57349193; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_57349193"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_57349193 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="57349193"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57349193; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57349193]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_57349193").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_57349193").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="57349193"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3739" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Rights">Consumer Rights</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3739" type="text/json">{"id":3739,"name":"Consumer Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Rights?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care">Health Care</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4441" type="text/json">{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=57349193]'), work: {"id":57349193,"title":"Complaints against nurses: a reflection of `the new managerialism' and consumerism in health care?","created_at":"2021-10-12T08:49:47.403-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/57349193/Complaints_against_nurses_a_reflection_of_the_new_managerialism_and_consumerism_in_health_care?f_ri=4441","dom_id":"work_57349193","summary":"This paper discusses the eects of restructuring on nursing as a profession through an examination of the issue of complaints in Ontario. It argues that new managerialist techniques and associated changes in the nature of work are reducing the autonomy of nurses and making it dicult for them to meet the standards of their profession. Simultaneously, the Ontario government has increased the power of the public in the disciplinary process and the College of Nurses of Ontario is encouraging patients to register their complaints. The growth of consumerism in health care, coupled with the disciplinary process, individualizes complaints and deemphasizes their relationship to restructuring. Moreover, in response to the increasing number of complaints ± complaints which more often come from the public ± nursing organizations have encouraged the legalization of the disciplinary process, thus fostering the individualization of the issues.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72294907,"asset_id":57349193,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52225208,"first_name":"Barbara","last_name":"Beardwood","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BarbaraBeardwood","display_name":"Barbara Beardwood","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BarbaraBeardwood?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":3739,"name":"Consumer Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Rights?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":8974,"name":"Quality of Mental Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_Mental_Health_Care?f_ri=4441"},{"id":48423,"name":"Social Science \u0026 Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Science_and_Medicine?f_ri=4441"},{"id":70643,"name":"Privatization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Privatization?f_ri=4441"},{"id":192110,"name":"Ontario","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ontario?f_ri=4441"},{"id":213350,"name":"Restructuring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Restructuring?f_ri=4441"},{"id":336324,"name":"Professional Autonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Autonomy?f_ri=4441"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=4441"},{"id":715646,"name":"Consumer Advocacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Advocacy?f_ri=4441"},{"id":3194761,"name":"Quality of health care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_health_care?f_ri=4441"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14281349" data-work_id="14281349" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14281349/Falls_Assessment_Clinical_Trial_FACT_design_interventions_recruitment_strategies_and_participant_characteristics">Falls Assessment Clinical Trial (FACT): design, interventions, recruitment strategies and participant characteristics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Guidelines recommend multifactorial intervention programmes to prevent falls in older adults but there are few randomised controlled trials in a real life health care setting. We describe the rationale, intervention, study... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14281349" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Guidelines recommend multifactorial intervention programmes to prevent falls in older adults but there are few randomised controlled trials in a real life health care setting. We describe the rationale, intervention, study design, recruitment strategies and baseline characteristics of participants in a randomised controlled trial of a multifactorial falls prevention programme in primary health care.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14281349" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="14c78f7461108051072948a6951e60fc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44359499,"asset_id":14281349,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44359499/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33246179" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EileenMcKinlay">Eileen McKinlay</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33246179" type="text/json">{"id":33246179,"first_name":"Eileen","last_name":"McKinlay","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EileenMcKinlay","display_name":"Eileen McKinlay","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EileenMcKinlay?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14281349 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14281349"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14281349, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14281349", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14281349 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14281349; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14281349"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14281349 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14281349"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14281349; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14281349]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14281349").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14281349").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14281349"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Care">Primary Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="633" type="text/json">{"id":633,"name":"Primary Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="940" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work">Social Work</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="940" type="text/json">{"id":940,"name":"Social Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2974" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Health_Care">Primary Health Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2974" type="text/json">{"id":2974,"name":"Primary Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care">Health Care</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4441" type="text/json">{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14281349]'), work: {"id":14281349,"title":"Falls Assessment Clinical Trial (FACT): design, interventions, recruitment strategies and participant characteristics","created_at":"2015-07-22T01:07:57.327-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14281349/Falls_Assessment_Clinical_Trial_FACT_design_interventions_recruitment_strategies_and_participant_characteristics?f_ri=4441","dom_id":"work_14281349","summary":"Background: Guidelines recommend multifactorial intervention programmes to prevent falls in older adults but there are few randomised controlled trials in a real life health care setting. We describe the rationale, intervention, study design, recruitment strategies and baseline characteristics of participants in a randomised controlled trial of a multifactorial falls prevention programme in primary health care.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44359499,"asset_id":14281349,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33246179,"first_name":"Eileen","last_name":"McKinlay","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EileenMcKinlay","display_name":"Eileen McKinlay","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EileenMcKinlay?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":633,"name":"Primary Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":940,"name":"Social Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":2974,"name":"Primary Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial?f_ri=4441"},{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=4441"},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=4441"},{"id":25469,"name":"Family Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Practice?f_ri=4441"},{"id":116108,"name":"New Zealand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Zealand?f_ri=4441"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=4441"},{"id":194055,"name":"Randomised Controlled Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Randomised_Controlled_Trial?f_ri=4441"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=4441"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=4441"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=4441"},{"id":584602,"name":"Geriatric Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geriatric_Assessment?f_ri=4441"},{"id":613467,"name":"Intervention study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intervention_study?f_ri=4441"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=4441"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=4441"},{"id":784431,"name":"Nursing Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing_Assessment?f_ri=4441"},{"id":806178,"name":"Older Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Older_Adult?f_ri=4441"},{"id":2195821,"name":"Activity of Daily Living","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activity_of_Daily_Living?f_ri=4441"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_824407" data-work_id="824407" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/824407/Building_a_health_informatics_workforce_in_developing_countries">Building a health informatics workforce in developing countries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Information and communication technology can be used to improve the quality and safety of health care and to lower costs. But in both developed and developing countries, there is an inadequate supply of skilled individuals who have the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_824407" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Information and communication technology can be used to improve the quality and safety of health care and to lower costs. But in both developed and developing countries, there is an inadequate supply of skilled individuals who have the technical skills to use this technology to improve health care. Some studies project workforce needs of tens of thousands in English-speaking developed countries, but it is not known what size workforce will be required in the developing world. It is important to identify and develop the skills, training, and competenciesconsistent with local cultures, languages, and health systems-that will be needed to realize the full benefits of these technologies. We present a framework for answering these questions and for developing estimates of the size and scope of the workforce that may be needed. O ne way to bring about improvements in health, health care, biomedical research, and public health across the world is to make use of knowledge and skills in the implementation and use of information and communication technology. The reach of these technologies in the developing world, via both Internet access and mobile phones, is increasing exponentially. 1 However, the size and skills of the workforce have not kept pace.When information and communication technology is used for health applications, it is called e-health. 2 Its application limited to mobile phone technology is called m-health. 3</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/824407" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c331ebac3e87bb9467bd44af698aa152" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4937478,"asset_id":824407,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4937478/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25905" href="https://hospitalitaliano.academia.edu/PaulaOtero">Paula Otero</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25905" type="text/json">{"id":25905,"first_name":"Paula","last_name":"Otero","domain_name":"hospitalitaliano","page_name":"PaulaOtero","display_name":"Paula Otero","profile_url":"https://hospitalitaliano.academia.edu/PaulaOtero?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25905/80991/3681856/s65_paula.otero.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_824407 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="824407"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 824407, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_824407", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_824407 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 824407; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_824407"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_824407 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="824407"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 824407; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=824407]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_824407").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_824407").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="824407"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1212" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Informatics">Medical Informatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1212" type="text/json">{"id":1212,"name":"Medical Informatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Informatics?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3317" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Informatics">Health Informatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3317" type="text/json">{"id":3317,"name":"Health Informatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Informatics?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care">Health Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4441" type="text/json">{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9815" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries">Developing Countries</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9815" type="text/json">{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=824407]'), work: {"id":824407,"title":"Building a health informatics workforce in developing countries","created_at":"2011-08-11T05:05:18.386-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/824407/Building_a_health_informatics_workforce_in_developing_countries?f_ri=4441","dom_id":"work_824407","summary":"Information and communication technology can be used to improve the quality and safety of health care and to lower costs. But in both developed and developing countries, there is an inadequate supply of skilled individuals who have the technical skills to use this technology to improve health care. Some studies project workforce needs of tens of thousands in English-speaking developed countries, but it is not known what size workforce will be required in the developing world. It is important to identify and develop the skills, training, and competenciesconsistent with local cultures, languages, and health systems-that will be needed to realize the full benefits of these technologies. We present a framework for answering these questions and for developing estimates of the size and scope of the workforce that may be needed. O ne way to bring about improvements in health, health care, biomedical research, and public health across the world is to make use of knowledge and skills in the implementation and use of information and communication technology. The reach of these technologies in the developing world, via both Internet access and mobile phones, is increasing exponentially. 1 However, the size and skills of the workforce have not kept pace.When information and communication technology is used for health applications, it is called e-health. 2 Its application limited to mobile phone technology is called m-health. 3","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":4937478,"asset_id":824407,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25905,"first_name":"Paula","last_name":"Otero","domain_name":"hospitalitaliano","page_name":"PaulaOtero","display_name":"Paula Otero","profile_url":"https://hospitalitaliano.academia.edu/PaulaOtero?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25905/80991/3681856/s65_paula.otero.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1212,"name":"Medical Informatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Informatics?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":3317,"name":"Health Informatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Informatics?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":18814,"name":"Information and Communication technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_and_Communication_technology-1?f_ri=4441"},{"id":23324,"name":"Telemedicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telemedicine?f_ri=4441"},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=4441"},{"id":45142,"name":"Staff Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Staff_Development?f_ri=4441"},{"id":70854,"name":"Developing Country","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Country?f_ri=4441"},{"id":132270,"name":"Developing World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_World?f_ri=4441"},{"id":245969,"name":"Health System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_System?f_ri=4441"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=4441"},{"id":458190,"name":"Organizational Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Innovation?f_ri=4441"},{"id":1762987,"name":"Health affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_affairs?f_ri=4441"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12591933 coauthored" data-work_id="12591933" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12591933/Cash_Transfers_Behavioral_Changes_and_Cognitive_Development_in_Early_Childhood_Evidence_from_a_Randomized_Experiment">Cash Transfers, Behavioral Changes, and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper analyzes the impact of a randomized cash transfer program on cognitive development in early childhood in rural Nicaragua. We first show that a very large sample of children in our sample are delayed along various dimensions,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12591933" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper analyzes the impact of a randomized cash transfer program on cognitive development in early childhood in rural Nicaragua. We first show that a very large sample of children in our sample are delayed along various dimensions, including language, memory, and social skills, and that these delays are related to household per capita expenditure levels. We then show that the program had significant effects on cognitive outcomes, especially language. Program impacts are larger for older pre-school aged children, who were also more likely to be delayed. We analyze how the program affected several inputs into early childhood development that have been identified as key risk factors in the literature. Households randomly assigned to receive transfers increased the consumption of nutritious foods and provided more cognitive stimulation to children than those assigned to the control group. Moreover, we show that these impacts are not due to the cash component of the program only. The expenditure patterns of beneficiary households are significantly different from those of control households, indicating that households do not spend the cash received through the program in the same way as other income. Thomas, D. 1994. "Like Father, Like Son, Like Mother, Like Daughter: Parental Resources and Child</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12591933" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="081afca3cf91cf07a7e5a1632fcd365b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46064901,"asset_id":12591933,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46064901/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39230833" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RenosVakis">Renos Vakis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39230833" type="text/json">{"id":39230833,"first_name":"Renos","last_name":"Vakis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RenosVakis","display_name":"Renos Vakis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RenosVakis?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-12591933">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-12591933"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://iadb.academia.edu/NorbertSchady">Norbert Schady</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-12591933'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-12591933').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12591933 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12591933"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12591933, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12591933", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12591933 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12591933; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12591933"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12591933 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12591933"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12591933; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12591933]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12591933").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12591933").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12591933"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2971" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_development">Cognitive development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2971" type="text/json">{"id":2971,"name":"Cognitive development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_development?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care">Health Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4441" type="text/json">{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4583" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development">Child Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4583" type="text/json">{"id":4583,"name":"Child Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5547" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy">Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5547" type="text/json">{"id":5547,"name":"Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12591933]'), work: {"id":12591933,"title":"Cash Transfers, Behavioral Changes, and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment","created_at":"2015-05-25T18:36:08.136-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12591933/Cash_Transfers_Behavioral_Changes_and_Cognitive_Development_in_Early_Childhood_Evidence_from_a_Randomized_Experiment?f_ri=4441","dom_id":"work_12591933","summary":"This paper analyzes the impact of a randomized cash transfer program on cognitive development in early childhood in rural Nicaragua. We first show that a very large sample of children in our sample are delayed along various dimensions, including language, memory, and social skills, and that these delays are related to household per capita expenditure levels. We then show that the program had significant effects on cognitive outcomes, especially language. Program impacts are larger for older pre-school aged children, who were also more likely to be delayed. We analyze how the program affected several inputs into early childhood development that have been identified as key risk factors in the literature. Households randomly assigned to receive transfers increased the consumption of nutritious foods and provided more cognitive stimulation to children than those assigned to the control group. Moreover, we show that these impacts are not due to the cash component of the program only. The expenditure patterns of beneficiary households are significantly different from those of control households, indicating that households do not spend the cash received through the program in the same way as other income. Thomas, D. 1994. \"Like Father, Like Son, Like Mother, Like Daughter: Parental Resources and Child","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46064901,"asset_id":12591933,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39230833,"first_name":"Renos","last_name":"Vakis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RenosVakis","display_name":"Renos Vakis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RenosVakis?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":31529839,"first_name":"Norbert","last_name":"Schady","domain_name":"iadb","page_name":"NorbertSchady","display_name":"Norbert Schady","profile_url":"https://iadb.academia.edu/NorbertSchady?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2971,"name":"Cognitive development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_development?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":4583,"name":"Child Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Development?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":5547,"name":"Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":14042,"name":"Human Capital","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Capital?f_ri=4441"},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=4441"},{"id":30140,"name":"Early Childhood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Childhood?f_ri=4441"},{"id":64987,"name":"Social Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Development?f_ri=4441"},{"id":70854,"name":"Developing Country","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Country?f_ri=4441"},{"id":88382,"name":"Primary Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Education?f_ri=4441"},{"id":105245,"name":"School Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/School_Health?f_ri=4441"},{"id":132270,"name":"Developing World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_World?f_ri=4441"},{"id":134627,"name":"Behavior change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior_change?f_ri=4441"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=4441"},{"id":213658,"name":"Health monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_monitoring?f_ri=4441"},{"id":216818,"name":"Early Childhood Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Childhood_Development?f_ri=4441"},{"id":291620,"name":"Social Skill","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Skill?f_ri=4441"},{"id":403046,"name":"Cash Transfers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cash_Transfers?f_ri=4441"},{"id":538047,"name":"Young Children","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Children?f_ri=4441"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=4441"},{"id":877360,"name":"Conditional cash transfer programs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conditional_cash_transfer_programs?f_ri=4441"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11788741" data-work_id="11788741" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11788741/Nursing_informatics_learning_from_the_past_to_build_a_new_future">Nursing informatics: learning from the past to build a new future</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Health care and health information have been around since the time of Hippocrates or even before. Through the historical evolution, it is observed that the knowledge and information that were simple and easy to learn and retain by that... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11788741" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Health care and health information have been around since the time of Hippocrates or even before. Through the historical evolution, it is observed that the knowledge and information that were simple and easy to learn and retain by that time, became much more complex. This paper presents a brief reviewing on the evolution of nursing informatics and how it grew up and made itself visible during all these years of International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) conferences. Descriptores: Medical informatics; Education; History, nursing.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11788741" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="61a4a9aaff73f6fc70062dd0aad6bdc2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46524482,"asset_id":11788741,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46524482/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29008788" href="https://unifesp.academia.edu/HeimarFMarin">Heimar F. 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A reconsideration of benefits, risks, neurobiology and ethics in the era of early intervention</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25911631" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3827f326731350cf5c06a43f224799ad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46273885,"asset_id":25911631,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46273885/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4452479" href="https://unimelb.academia.edu/SusyHarrigan">Susy Harrigan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4452479" type="text/json">{"id":4452479,"first_name":"Susy","last_name":"Harrigan","domain_name":"unimelb","page_name":"SusyHarrigan","display_name":"Susy Harrigan","profile_url":"https://unimelb.academia.edu/SusyHarrigan?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4452479/1820373/35640029/s65_susy.harrigan.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25911631 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25911631"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25911631, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25911631", }); 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Hence, an estimate... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7001448" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Introduction: As high out-of-pocket healthcare expenses pose heavy financial burden on the families, Government of India is considering a variety of financing and delivery options to universalize health care services. Hence, an estimate of the cost of delivering universal health care services is needed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7001448" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3465addca7b2cdcf9f266a4f356f2327" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48637954,"asset_id":7001448,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48637954/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11904297" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShankarPrinja">Shankar Prinja</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11904297" type="text/json">{"id":11904297,"first_name":"Shankar","last_name":"Prinja","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ShankarPrinja","display_name":"Shankar Prinja","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ShankarPrinja?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7001448 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7001448"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7001448, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7001448", }); 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Yet, every medical development, technique, and procedure impact the environment. Green Bioethics synthesizes environmental ethics and biomedical ethics, thus creating an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36803261" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Health care is ubiquitous in the lives of industrialized people. Yet, every medical development, technique, and procedure impact the environment. Green Bioethics synthesizes environmental ethics and biomedical ethics, thus creating an interdisciplinary approach to sustainable health care. Notably, Green Bioethics addresses, not the structure of environmental sustainability in health care institutions, but the sustainability of individual health care offerings. <br /><br />Green Bioethics parallels traditional biomedical ethics by providing four principles for ethical guidance. Through these four principles, Green Bioethics presents a coherent framework for evaluating the sustainability of medical developments, techniques, and procedures. The principles of Green Bioethics are: <br />- Distributive Justice (Allocate Basic Medical Resources before Special Interest Access)<br />- Resource Conservation (Provide Health Care Needs before Health Care Wants)<br />- Simplicity (Reduce Dependence on Medical Interventions)<br />- Ethical Economics (Humanistic Health Care Instead of Financial Profit)<br /><br />The future of our world may very well depend on how effectively we halt ecological destruction and conserve our resources. The principles of Green Bioethics, in tandem with the concrete examples given in this book, will support sustainability in health care.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36803261" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1b057083d68cb10f65534aeb735ffc6c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63311997,"asset_id":36803261,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63311997/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3266278" href="https://edinburgh.academia.edu/CristinaRichie">Cristina Richie</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3266278" type="text/json">{"id":3266278,"first_name":"Cristina","last_name":"Richie","domain_name":"edinburgh","page_name":"CristinaRichie","display_name":"Cristina Richie","profile_url":"https://edinburgh.academia.edu/CristinaRichie?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3266278/1081066/116395995/s65_cristina.richie.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36803261 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36803261"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36803261, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36803261", }); 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Yet, every medical development, technique, and procedure impact the environment. Green Bioethics synthesizes environmental ethics and biomedical ethics, thus creating an interdisciplinary approach to sustainable health care. Notably, Green Bioethics addresses, not the structure of environmental sustainability in health care institutions, but the sustainability of individual health care offerings. \n\nGreen Bioethics parallels traditional biomedical ethics by providing four principles for ethical guidance. Through these four principles, Green Bioethics presents a coherent framework for evaluating the sustainability of medical developments, techniques, and procedures. The principles of Green Bioethics are: \n- Distributive Justice (Allocate Basic Medical Resources before Special Interest Access)\n- Resource Conservation (Provide Health Care Needs before Health Care Wants)\n- Simplicity (Reduce Dependence on Medical Interventions)\n- Ethical Economics (Humanistic Health Care Instead of Financial Profit)\n\nThe future of our world may very well depend on how effectively we halt ecological destruction and conserve our resources. The principles of Green Bioethics, in tandem with the concrete examples given in this book, will support sustainability in health care. 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81343480/Potential_approaches_for_the_pricing_of_cancer_medicines_across_Europe_to_enhance_the_sustainability_of_healthcare_systems_and_the_implications">Potential approaches for the pricing of cancer medicines across Europe to enhance the sustainability of healthcare systems and the implications</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Introduction: There are growing concerns among European health authorities regarding increasing prices for new cancer medicines, prices not necessarily linked to health gain and the implications for the sustainability of their healthcare... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_81343480" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Introduction: There are growing concerns among European health authorities regarding increasing prices for new cancer medicines, prices not necessarily linked to health gain and the implications for the sustainability of their healthcare systems. Areas covered: Narrative discussion principally among payers and their advisers regarding potential approaches to the pricing of new cancer medicines. Expert opinion: A number of potential pricing approaches are discussed including minimum effectiveness levels for new cancer medicines, managed entry agreements, multicriteria decision analyses (MCDAs), differential/tiered pricing, fair pricing models, amortization models as well as de-linkage models. We are likely to see a growth in alternative pricing deliberations in view of ongoing challenges. These include the considerable number of new oncology medicines in development including new gene therapies, new oncology medicines being launched with uncertainty regarding their value, and continued high prices coupled with the extent of confidential discounts for reimbursement. However, balanced against the need for new cancer medicines. This will lead to greater scrutiny over the prices of patent oncology medicines as more standard medicines lose their patent, calls for greater transparency as well as new models including amortization models. We will be monitoring these developments.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81343480" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1478600738d7aaefc7e83a576e7c9814" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87419492,"asset_id":81343480,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87419492/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43764094" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GuenkaPetrova">Guenka Petrova</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43764094" type="text/json">{"id":43764094,"first_name":"Guenka","last_name":"Petrova","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GuenkaPetrova","display_name":"Guenka Petrova","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GuenkaPetrova?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43764094/31216394/28751701/s65_guenka.petrova.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_81343480 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="81343480"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81343480, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_81343480", }); 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Areas covered: Narrative discussion principally among payers and their advisers regarding potential approaches to the pricing of new cancer medicines. Expert opinion: A number of potential pricing approaches are discussed including minimum effectiveness levels for new cancer medicines, managed entry agreements, multicriteria decision analyses (MCDAs), differential/tiered pricing, fair pricing models, amortization models as well as de-linkage models. We are likely to see a growth in alternative pricing deliberations in view of ongoing challenges. These include the considerable number of new oncology medicines in development including new gene therapies, new oncology medicines being launched with uncertainty regarding their value, and continued high prices coupled with the extent of confidential discounts for reimbursement. However, balanced against the need for new cancer medicines. This will lead to greater scrutiny over the prices of patent oncology medicines as more standard medicines lose their patent, calls for greater transparency as well as new models including amortization models. We will be monitoring these developments.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87419492,"asset_id":81343480,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43764094,"first_name":"Guenka","last_name":"Petrova","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GuenkaPetrova","display_name":"Guenka Petrova","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GuenkaPetrova?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43764094/31216394/28751701/s65_guenka.petrova.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":1208617,"name":"Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainability?f_ri=4441"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=4441"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13208412 coauthored" data-work_id="13208412" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13208412/Building_a_Transnational_Biosurveillance_Network_Using_Semantic_Web_Technologies_Requirements_Design_and_Preliminary_Evaluation">Building a Transnational Biosurveillance Network Using Semantic Web Technologies: Requirements, Design, and Preliminary Evaluation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Antimicrobial resistance has reached globally alarming levels and is becoming a major public health threat. Lack of efficacious antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems was identified as one of the causes of increasing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13208412" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Antimicrobial resistance has reached globally alarming levels and is becoming a major public health threat. Lack of efficacious antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems was identified as one of the causes of increasing resistance, due to the lag time between new resistances and alerts to care providers. Several initiatives to track drug resistance evolution have been developed. However, no effective real-time and source-independent antimicrobial resistance monitoring system is available publicly.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13208412" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3c8e73e6f1a2cfd40e9d0756376f9684" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45590382,"asset_id":13208412,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45590382/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32541866" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PRuch">Patrick Ruch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32541866" type="text/json">{"id":32541866,"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Ruch","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PRuch","display_name":"Patrick Ruch","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PRuch?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32541866/15085370/15800714/s65_patrick.ruch.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13208412">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13208412"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://hes-so.academia.edu/JulienGobeill">Julien Gobeill</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13208412'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13208412').html(); 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Lack of efficacious antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems was identified as one of the causes of increasing resistance, due to the lag time between new resistances and alerts to care providers. Several initiatives to track drug resistance evolution have been developed. 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data-work_id="29771843" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29771843/The_Cultural_Moral_Right_to_a_Basic_Minimum_of_Accessible_Health_Care">The Cultural Moral Right to a Basic Minimum of Accessible Health Care</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">1) The conception of a cultural moral right is useful in capturing the social-moral realities that underlie debate about universal health care. In asserting such rights, individuals make claims above and beyond their legal rights, but... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29771843" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">1) The conception of a cultural moral right is useful in capturing the social-moral realities that underlie debate about universal health care. In asserting such rights, individuals make claims above and beyond their legal rights, but those claims are based on the society's existing commitments and moral culture. In the United States such a right to accessible basic health care is generated by various empirical social facts, primarily the conjunction of the legal requirement of access to emergency care with widely held principles about unfair free riding and just sharing of costs between well and ill. The right can get expressed in social policy through either single-payer or mandated insurance. (2) The same elements that generate this right provide modest assistance in determining its content, the structure and scope of a basic minimum of care. They justify limits on patient cost sharing, require comparative effectiveness, and make cost considerations relevant. They shed light on the status of expensive, marginally life extending, last-chance therapies, as well as life support for PVS patients. They are of less assistance in settling contentious debates about screening for breast and prostate cancer and treatments for infertility and erectile dysfunction, but even there they establish a useful framework for discussion. Scarcity of resources need not be a leading conceptual consideration in discerning a basic minimum. More important are the societal elements that generate the cultural moral right to a basic minimum.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29771843" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fa5f124b3d5eaa77b4a5b5ab93986d5b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50222788,"asset_id":29771843,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50222788/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4089486" href="https://plu.academia.edu/PaulTMenzel">Paul T Menzel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4089486" type="text/json">{"id":4089486,"first_name":"Paul T","last_name":"Menzel","domain_name":"plu","page_name":"PaulTMenzel","display_name":"Paul T Menzel","profile_url":"https://plu.academia.edu/PaulTMenzel?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4089486/1574817/1907008/s65_paul.menzel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29771843 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29771843"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29771843, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29771843", }); 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In asserting such rights, individuals make claims above and beyond their legal rights, but those claims are based on the society's existing commitments and moral culture. In the United States such a right to accessible basic health care is generated by various empirical social facts, primarily the conjunction of the legal requirement of access to emergency care with widely held principles about unfair free riding and just sharing of costs between well and ill. The right can get expressed in social policy through either single-payer or mandated insurance. (2) The same elements that generate this right provide modest assistance in determining its content, the structure and scope of a basic minimum of care. They justify limits on patient cost sharing, require comparative effectiveness, and make cost considerations relevant. They shed light on the status of expensive, marginally life extending, last-chance therapies, as well as life support for PVS patients. They are of less assistance in settling contentious debates about screening for breast and prostate cancer and treatments for infertility and erectile dysfunction, but even there they establish a useful framework for discussion. Scarcity of resources need not be a leading conceptual consideration in discerning a basic minimum. 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Method: The present study is based on the analysis of data issued from six previous studies... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3891898" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: To extract and to validate a brief version of the DISCERN which could identify mental healthrelated websites with good content quality. Method: The present study is based on the analysis of data issued from six previous studies which used DISCERN and a standardized tool for the evaluation of content quality (evidence-based health information) of 388 mental health-related websites.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3891898" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="75bccd2b994a0e5605a9e929b039061c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50105425,"asset_id":3891898,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50105425/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4776887" href="https://ehl.academia.edu/S%C3%A9bastienFernandez">Sébastien Fernandez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4776887" type="text/json">{"id":4776887,"first_name":"Sébastien","last_name":"Fernandez","domain_name":"ehl","page_name":"SébastienFernandez","display_name":"Sébastien Fernandez","profile_url":"https://ehl.academia.edu/S%C3%A9bastienFernandez?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4776887/2031107/2394114/s65_s_bastien.fernandez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3891898 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3891898"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3891898, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3891898", }); 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A combination of hierarchical and iterative cluster analysis was used to identify 4 patterns of women's lifetime experiences of violence co-occurrence. The 1st cluster experienced relatively low levels of all 4 forms of violence; the 2nd group, high levels of all 4 forms; the 3rd, sexual revictimization across the lifespan with adult sexual harassment; and the 4th, high intimate partner violence with sexual harassment. This cluster solution was validated in a theoretically driven model that examined the role of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a mediator of physical health symptomatology. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that PTSD fully mediated the relationship between violence and physical health symptomatology. Consistent with a bio-psycho-immunologic theoretical model, PTSD levels more strongly predicted pain-related physical health symptoms compared to nonpain health problems. Implications for clinical interventions to prevent PTSD and to screen women for histories of violence in health care settings are discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26924490" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="29c81d51ef435ae6dbc309ad6c327a57" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47188428,"asset_id":26924490,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47188428/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32474256" href="https://michiganstate.academia.edu/RebeccaCampbell">Rebecca Campbell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32474256" type="text/json">{"id":32474256,"first_name":"Rebecca","last_name":"Campbell","domain_name":"michiganstate","page_name":"RebeccaCampbell","display_name":"Rebecca Campbell","profile_url":"https://michiganstate.academia.edu/RebeccaCampbell?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26924490 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26924490"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26924490, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26924490", }); 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The findings support the contention that an alternative description of information security policies from a critical perspective provides better insights into existing problems than most mainstream work. 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u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80697063/HIV_in_the_European_Region_Using_Evidence_to_Strengthen_Policy_and_Programmes">HIV in the European Region: Using Evidence to Strengthen Policy and Programmes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This policy brief draws upon systematic reviews and secondary data analyses regarding HIV among key vulnerable populations in the European Region from the full report, "HIV Epidemics in the European Region: Vulnerability and Response".</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80697063" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Addiction?f_ri=4441"},{"id":197847,"name":"Interpreters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interpreters?f_ri=4441"},{"id":201203,"name":"Hygiene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hygiene?f_ri=4441"},{"id":284014,"name":"Laws","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laws?f_ri=4441"},{"id":423582,"name":"Dissemination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dissemination?f_ri=4441"},{"id":606008,"name":"Peer Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peer_Groups?f_ri=4441"},{"id":936588,"name":"Health Indicators","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Indicators?f_ri=4441"},{"id":1251978,"name":"Pharmacies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacies?f_ri=4441"},{"id":1275779,"name":"Drug Dependence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Dependence?f_ri=4441"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27317857" data-work_id="27317857" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27317857/The_Doha_Rounds_Public_Health_Legacy_Strategies_for_the_Production_and_Diffusion_of_Patented_Medicines_under_the_Amended_TRIPS_Provisions_">The Doha Round's Public Health Legacy: Strategies for the Production and Diffusion of Patented Medicines under the Amended TRIPS Provisions†</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The entry into force of the World Trade Organization (WTO) TRIPS Agreement in 1995 transformed the international intellectual property system. The harmonization of basic intellectual property standards has operated to protect investment... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27317857" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The entry into force of the World Trade Organization (WTO) TRIPS Agreement in 1995 transformed the international intellectual property system. The harmonization of basic intellectual property standards has operated to protect investment in innovation, limiting risks from unjustified ‘free riding’. Yet these same harmonized IP standards sharply curtailed the traditional capacity of suppliers of public goods, such as health care and nutrition, to address priority needs of less affluent members of society, particularly in (but not limited to) developing countries. In the Doha Declaration, the Waiver Decision of 30 August 2003 and the Article 31bis Protocol of Amendment, stakeholders concerned with re-opening policy space for the supply of newer pharmaceutical products pushed back against restrictive elements of the TRIPS Agreement.Governments around the world are in the process of deciding whether to ratify and accept the Article 31bis Amendment. Based on their Study for the Internatio...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27317857" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="48591990c3da6fe96d424838f540dcf4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47573664,"asset_id":27317857,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47573664/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51426056" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeromeReichman">Jerome Reichman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51426056" type="text/json">{"id":51426056,"first_name":"Jerome","last_name":"Reichman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeromeReichman","display_name":"Jerome Reichman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JeromeReichman?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27317857 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27317857"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27317857, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27317857", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27317857]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27317857").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27317857").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27317857"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="967" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property">Intellectual Property</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="967" type="text/json">{"id":967,"name":"Intellectual Property","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade">International Trade</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3180" type="text/json">{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care">Health Care</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4441" type="text/json">{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27317857]'), work: {"id":27317857,"title":"The Doha Round's Public Health Legacy: Strategies for the Production and Diffusion of Patented Medicines under the Amended TRIPS Provisions†","created_at":"2016-07-27T14:15:48.092-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27317857/The_Doha_Rounds_Public_Health_Legacy_Strategies_for_the_Production_and_Diffusion_of_Patented_Medicines_under_the_Amended_TRIPS_Provisions_?f_ri=4441","dom_id":"work_27317857","summary":"The entry into force of the World Trade Organization (WTO) TRIPS Agreement in 1995 transformed the international intellectual property system. The harmonization of basic intellectual property standards has operated to protect investment in innovation, limiting risks from unjustified ‘free riding’. Yet these same harmonized IP standards sharply curtailed the traditional capacity of suppliers of public goods, such as health care and nutrition, to address priority needs of less affluent members of society, particularly in (but not limited to) developing countries. In the Doha Declaration, the Waiver Decision of 30 August 2003 and the Article 31bis Protocol of Amendment, stakeholders concerned with re-opening policy space for the supply of newer pharmaceutical products pushed back against restrictive elements of the TRIPS Agreement.Governments around the world are in the process of deciding whether to ratify and accept the Article 31bis Amendment. 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In contrast to earlier papers that consider a purely private system or a system in which private insurance supplements a public system, we... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19015540" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We develop a test for adverse selection and use it to examine private health insurance markets. In contrast to earlier papers that consider a purely private system or a system in which private insurance supplements a public system, we focus our attention on a system where privately funded health care is substitutive of the publicly funded one. Using a model of competition among insurers, we generate predictions about the correlation between risk and the probability of taking private insurance under both symmetric information and adverse selection. These predictions constitute the basis for our adverse selection test. The theoretical model is also useful to conclude that the setting that we focus on is especially attractive to test for adverse selection. Using the British Household Panel Survey, we find evidence that adverse selection is present in this market. * We are grateful for useful comments from</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19015540" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="afeb54b78ee34f2762a8d083273c028c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40382649,"asset_id":19015540,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40382649/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39165590" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarcosVerahern%C3%A1ndez">Marcos Vera-hernández</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39165590" type="text/json">{"id":39165590,"first_name":"Marcos","last_name":"Vera-hernández","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarcosVerahernández","display_name":"Marcos Vera-hernández","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarcosVerahern%C3%A1ndez?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-19015540">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-19015540"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uab.academia.edu/PauOlivella">Pau Olivella</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-19015540'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-19015540').html(); 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In contrast to earlier papers that consider a purely private system or a system in which private insurance supplements a public system, we focus our attention on a system where privately funded health care is substitutive of the publicly funded one. Using a model of competition among insurers, we generate predictions about the correlation between risk and the probability of taking private insurance under both symmetric information and adverse selection. These predictions constitute the basis for our adverse selection test. The theoretical model is also useful to conclude that the setting that we focus on is especially attractive to test for adverse selection. Using the British Household Panel Survey, we find evidence that adverse selection is present in this market. * We are grateful for useful comments from","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40382649,"asset_id":19015540,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39165590,"first_name":"Marcos","last_name":"Vera-hernández","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarcosVerahernández","display_name":"Marcos Vera-hernández","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarcosVerahern%C3%A1ndez?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":39320925,"first_name":"Pau","last_name":"Olivella","domain_name":"uab","page_name":"PauOlivella","display_name":"Pau Olivella","profile_url":"https://uab.academia.edu/PauOlivella?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":11033,"name":"Contract Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Theory?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":11758,"name":"Health insurance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_insurance?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":40865,"name":"British Household Panel Survey (BHPS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Household_Panel_Survey_BHPS_?f_ri=4441"},{"id":49636,"name":"Adverse Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adverse_Selection?f_ri=4441"},{"id":160127,"name":"Asymmetric Information","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asymmetric_Information?f_ri=4441"},{"id":326896,"name":"Private Health Insurance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_Health_Insurance?f_ri=4441"},{"id":1154248,"name":"Theoretical Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Model?f_ri=4441"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24335327" data-work_id="24335327" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24335327/Improving_Knowledge_and_Attitudes_Toward_Older_Adults_Through_Innovative_Educational_Strategies">Improving Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Older Adults Through Innovative Educational Strategies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Our country's rapidly growing older adult population represents the core business of health care; however, few nurses are adequately prepared to care for their unique needs. This is caused, in part, by the limited attention paid by... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24335327" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Our country's rapidly growing older adult population represents the core business of health care; however, few nurses are adequately prepared to care for their unique needs. This is caused, in part, by the limited attention paid by nursing educators to incorporating basic gerontological nursing principles into undergraduate programs. During the last 7 years, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, through the generous support of the John A. Hartford Foundation, has led several initiatives to improve gerontological nursing education in baccalaureate programs. This article describes innovative educational strategies successfully implemented by three nursing programs-New York University, Tuskegee University, and University of Rhode Island-to increase knowledge and improve attitudes of nursing students in caring for older adults. Successful strategies include a long-term care guide, a senior mentor experience, student assignments addressing diversity issues, student debates, critical reflective journalizing, and an evaluation tool for measuring student attitudes. These strategies are readily reproducible and assist faculty to easily integrate gerontological nursing content into the curriculum while simultaneously enhancing student attitudes and knowledge. (Index words: Student attitudes; Health care; Nursing education; Older adults) J Prof Nurs 22: 91-97, 2006.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24335327" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="47c6c68b80c1b13b8bc23bf742a59971" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44670906,"asset_id":24335327,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44670906/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34185720" href="https://hunter-cuny.academia.edu/ElizabethCapezuti">Elizabeth Capezuti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34185720" type="text/json">{"id":34185720,"first_name":"Elizabeth","last_name":"Capezuti","domain_name":"hunter-cuny","page_name":"ElizabethCapezuti","display_name":"Elizabeth Capezuti","profile_url":"https://hunter-cuny.academia.edu/ElizabethCapezuti?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34185720/12395856/13797600/s65_elizabeth.capezuti.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24335327 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24335327"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24335327, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24335327", }); 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however, few nurses are adequately prepared to care for their unique needs. This is caused, in part, by the limited attention paid by nursing educators to incorporating basic gerontological nursing principles into undergraduate programs. During the last 7 years, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, through the generous support of the John A. Hartford Foundation, has led several initiatives to improve gerontological nursing education in baccalaureate programs. This article describes innovative educational strategies successfully implemented by three nursing programs-New York University, Tuskegee University, and University of Rhode Island-to increase knowledge and improve attitudes of nursing students in caring for older adults. Successful strategies include a long-term care guide, a senior mentor experience, student assignments addressing diversity issues, student debates, critical reflective journalizing, and an evaluation tool for measuring student attitudes. These strategies are readily reproducible and assist faculty to easily integrate gerontological nursing content into the curriculum while simultaneously enhancing student attitudes and knowledge. 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Utilizing a novel \"frameworks\" approach, the content unites an uncommon broadness of data into an exceptionally open, simple to peruse asset that explains the complexities of medical services association and account while introducing a strong diagram of how the different segments fit together. \n\nWith refreshed information and figures all through, the new seventh release is an exhaustive update that features numerous new patterns in medical services; analyzes current difficulties in cost, access, and quality; and investigates the tradition of Obamacare and the fate of medical services change considering the new administration. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64473847,"asset_id":44123297,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":167163871,"first_name":"Marick","last_name":"Nielsen","domain_name":"uh","page_name":"MarickNielsen","display_name":"Marick Nielsen","profile_url":"https://uh.academia.edu/MarickNielsen?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/167163871/46805852/36056534/s65_marick.nielsen.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2974,"name":"Primary Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":3865,"name":"Health Care Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care_Administration?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":21559,"name":"Health Care Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care_Management?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":94901,"name":"Health and Social Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_and_Social_Care?f_ri=4441"},{"id":296480,"name":"Economics of Health and Social Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics_of_Health_and_Social_Care?f_ri=4441"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28409018" data-work_id="28409018" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28409018/Theorizing_emotional_capital">Theorizing emotional capital</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Theorizing a sociology of emotion that links micro-level resources to macro-level forces, this article extends previous work on emotional capital in relation to emotional experiences and management. Emerging from Bourdieu's theory of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28409018" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Theorizing a sociology of emotion that links micro-level resources to macro-level forces, this article extends previous work on emotional capital in relation to emotional experiences and management. Emerging from Bourdieu's theory of social practice, emotional capital is a form of cultural capital that includes the emotion-specific, trans-situational resources that individuals activate and embody in distinct fields. Contrary to prior conceptualizations, I argue that emotional capital is neither wholly gender-neutral nor exclusively feminine. Men may lay claim to emotional capital as a valued resource within particular fields. The concept of emotional capital should be seen as distinct from emotion management and felt emotional experience and distinctions between primary and secondary sources of capital clarify the simultaneously durable and evolving nature of capital and the habitus. To illustrate these conceptual refinements, I use interview and diary data from male nurses. Men bring primary emotional capital, developed during primary socialization, to the nursing profession while also developing secondary capital through occupational socialization centered on empathy and compassion. The construct of emotional capital is refined as a structured yet dynamic resource developed through primary and secondary socialization and activated and embodied in everyday emotion practice.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28409018" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="574c4a4426455d95e1b5d61d65662ecf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48749526,"asset_id":28409018,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48749526/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="337027" href="https://kenyon.academia.edu/MarciCottingham">Marci Cottingham</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="337027" type="text/json">{"id":337027,"first_name":"Marci","last_name":"Cottingham","domain_name":"kenyon","page_name":"MarciCottingham","display_name":"Marci Cottingham","profile_url":"https://kenyon.academia.edu/MarciCottingham?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/337027/1087152/24896112/s65_marci.cottingham.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28409018 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28409018"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28409018, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28409018", }); 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Sport and Exercise</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To present athletic trainers with recommendations for safe weight loss and weight maintenance practices for athletes and active clients and to provide athletes, clients, coaches, and parents with safe guidelines that will allow athletes... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22808636" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To present athletic trainers with recommendations for safe weight loss and weight maintenance practices for athletes and active clients and to provide athletes, clients, coaches, and parents with safe guidelines that will allow athletes and clients to achieve and maintain weight and body composition goals.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34181493]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34181493").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34181493").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34181493"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">24</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="252" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology">Developmental Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="252" type="text/json">{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="635" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="635" type="text/json">{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2240" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapy">Psychotherapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2240" type="text/json">{"id":2240,"name":"Psychotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapy?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3307" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transpersonal_Psychology">Transpersonal Psychology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3307" type="text/json">{"id":3307,"name":"Transpersonal Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transpersonal_Psychology?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34181493]'), work: {"id":34181493,"title":"Transcendental Meditation and Mental Retardation","created_at":"2017-08-09T09:39:43.604-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34181493/Transcendental_Meditation_and_Mental_Retardation?f_ri=4441","dom_id":"work_34181493","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54100287,"asset_id":34181493,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":707440,"first_name":"james","last_name":"eyerman","domain_name":"ucsf","page_name":"jameseyerman","display_name":"james eyerman","profile_url":"https://ucsf.academia.edu/jameseyerman?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/707440/2006109/16015338/s65_james.eyerman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":2240,"name":"Psychotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapy?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":3307,"name":"Transpersonal Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transpersonal_Psychology?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":3815,"name":"Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality?f_ri=4441"},{"id":4108,"name":"Yoga Meditation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yoga_Meditation?f_ri=4441"},{"id":4430,"name":"Altered States of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altered_States_of_Consciousness?f_ri=4441"},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=4441"},{"id":21230,"name":"Spirituality \u0026 Counselling \u0026 Psychotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality_and_Counselling_and_Psychotherapy?f_ri=4441"},{"id":21231,"name":"Spirituality \u0026 Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality_and_Psychology?f_ri=4441"},{"id":21559,"name":"Health Care Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care_Management?f_ri=4441"},{"id":36570,"name":"Transpersonal Psychotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transpersonal_Psychotherapy?f_ri=4441"},{"id":40633,"name":"Consciousness Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Studies?f_ri=4441"},{"id":49228,"name":"Mental Retardation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Retardation?f_ri=4441"},{"id":57275,"name":"Meditation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meditation?f_ri=4441"},{"id":77088,"name":"Transcendental Empiricism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcendental_Empiricism?f_ri=4441"},{"id":139373,"name":"Stress and Coping, Developmental Psychology, Child Psychopathology, Special Education, Children with Mental Retardation, Parent-Child Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress_and_Coping_Developmental_Psychology_Child_Psychopathology_Special_Education_Children_with?f_ri=4441"},{"id":182867,"name":"Mindfulness Meditation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mindfulness_Meditation?f_ri=4441"},{"id":210249,"name":"Transcendental Meditation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcendental_Meditation?f_ri=4441"},{"id":254728,"name":"Transpersonal Psychology, Psychoanalysis, Psychedelic Psychotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transpersonal_Psychology_Psychoanalysis_Psychedelic_Psychotherapy?f_ri=4441"},{"id":267171,"name":"Integrative Psychotherapy, Transpersonal Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrative_Psychotherapy_Transpersonal_Psychology?f_ri=4441"},{"id":576713,"name":"Consciousness studies;depth, transpersonal, and integral psychology; addiction, entheogenic studies (psychedelic research)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_studies_depth_transpersonal_and_integral_psychology_addiction_entheogenic_studies_?f_ri=4441"},{"id":812335,"name":"Non-Ordinary States of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-Ordinary_States_of_Consciousness?f_ri=4441"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14520341 coauthored" data-work_id="14520341" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14520341/Reimbursement_realities_of_advanced_nursing_practice">Reimbursement realities of advanced nursing practice</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Rising costs of health care require advanced practice nurses to be cost-effective and knowledgeable regarding reimbursement of their services within rapidly expanding managed care organizations. However, the rapid pace of change in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14520341" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Rising costs of health care require advanced practice nurses to be cost-effective and knowledgeable regarding reimbursement of their services within rapidly expanding managed care organizations. However, the rapid pace of change in reimbursement legislation, policies, and procedures makes this a daunting task.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14520341" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="32a8877c40cbfeac60e40e6477a9e71c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44095622,"asset_id":14520341,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44095622/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33474570" href="https://spanalumni.academia.edu/MaryChesney">Mary Chesney</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33474570" type="text/json">{"id":33474570,"first_name":"Mary","last_name":"Chesney","domain_name":"spanalumni","page_name":"MaryChesney","display_name":"Mary Chesney","profile_url":"https://spanalumni.academia.edu/MaryChesney?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14520341">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14520341"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://spanalumni.academia.edu/LindaLindeke">Linda Lindeke</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14520341'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14520341').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14520341 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14520341"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14520341, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14520341", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14520341 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14520341; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14520341"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14520341 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14520341"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14520341; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14520341]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14520341").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14520341").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14520341"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="588" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing">Nursing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="588" type="text/json">{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care">Health Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4441" type="text/json">{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="88815" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legislation">Legislation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="88815" type="text/json">{"id":88815,"name":"Legislation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legislation?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98134" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States">United States</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="98134" type="text/json">{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14520341]'), work: {"id":14520341,"title":"Reimbursement realities of advanced nursing practice","created_at":"2015-07-30T18:05:44.234-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14520341/Reimbursement_realities_of_advanced_nursing_practice?f_ri=4441","dom_id":"work_14520341","summary":"Rising costs of health care require advanced practice nurses to be cost-effective and knowledgeable regarding reimbursement of their services within rapidly expanding managed care organizations. However, the rapid pace of change in reimbursement legislation, policies, and procedures makes this a daunting task.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44095622,"asset_id":14520341,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33474570,"first_name":"Mary","last_name":"Chesney","domain_name":"spanalumni","page_name":"MaryChesney","display_name":"Mary Chesney","profile_url":"https://spanalumni.academia.edu/MaryChesney?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":33412313,"first_name":"Linda","last_name":"Lindeke","domain_name":"spanalumni","page_name":"LindaLindeke","display_name":"Linda Lindeke","profile_url":"https://spanalumni.academia.edu/LindaLindeke?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":88815,"name":"Legislation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legislation?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":165565,"name":"Cost effectiveness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_effectiveness?f_ri=4441"},{"id":305410,"name":"Nurse Practitioners","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nurse_Practitioners?f_ri=4441"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=4441"},{"id":1856204,"name":"Managed Care Organization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Managed_Care_Organization?f_ri=4441"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_82281548" data-work_id="82281548" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82281548/Perception_of_European_nurses_of_culturally_appropriate_health_care_a_cross_sectional_study">Perception of European nurses of culturally-appropriate health care – a cross-sectional study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Introduction and objective. Increased migration within Europe is leading to rapid population changes in every country. Nurses increasingly care for patients with whom they do not share a common culture or language. The aim of this study... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_82281548" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Introduction and objective. Increased migration within Europe is leading to rapid population changes in every country. Nurses increasingly care for patients with whom they do not share a common culture or language. The aim of this study is to ascertain nurses' perceptions of difficulties in providing culturally appropriate care. Materials and method. Survey questions derived from the literature were translated from Slovak into 5 languages, then distributed to nurses in 25 European States. The survey sample consisted of 1,264 respondents from 25 European countries. Statistical analysis was performed by IBM SPSS version 18. Results. Over 60% of nurses regularly cared for patients from different cultures. 70.6% of nurses declared challenges during nursing care for patients from different culture. The main challenges were language, religion, and lack of cultural knowledge. Statistical significance was demonstrated in terms of the preparedness of nurses to provide culturally appropriate care. Multilingual nurses were statistically significantly better prepared for nursing care of patients from other cultures. Conclusions. Despite existing standards and guidelines, nurses working in European countries who regularly care for migrant populations do not perceive themselves to be adequately prepared to deliver culturally appropriate care. A multifaceted approach that includes policymakers, educators, and clinicians is needed. This study highlights the challenges experienced by nurses in Europe which can be informative for educational programmes for nurses and other healthcare professionals.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/82281548" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a56bc494e2716e5e32a520db50c657be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":88039944,"asset_id":82281548,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88039944/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2517280" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LeilaniSiaki">Leilani Siaki</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2517280" type="text/json">{"id":2517280,"first_name":"Leilani","last_name":"Siaki","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LeilaniSiaki","display_name":"Leilani Siaki","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LeilaniSiaki?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2517280/785096/975694/s65_leilani.siaki.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_82281548 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="82281548"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82281548, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_82281548", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_82281548 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82281548; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_82281548"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_82281548 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82281548"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82281548; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82281548]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_82281548").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_82281548").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="82281548"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="867" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception">Perception</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="867" type="text/json">{"id":867,"name":"Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care">Health Care</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4441" type="text/json">{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=82281548]'), work: {"id":82281548,"title":"Perception of European nurses of culturally-appropriate health care – a cross-sectional study","created_at":"2022-06-27T21:06:24.806-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/82281548/Perception_of_European_nurses_of_culturally_appropriate_health_care_a_cross_sectional_study?f_ri=4441","dom_id":"work_82281548","summary":"Introduction and objective. Increased migration within Europe is leading to rapid population changes in every country. Nurses increasingly care for patients with whom they do not share a common culture or language. The aim of this study is to ascertain nurses' perceptions of difficulties in providing culturally appropriate care. Materials and method. Survey questions derived from the literature were translated from Slovak into 5 languages, then distributed to nurses in 25 European States. The survey sample consisted of 1,264 respondents from 25 European countries. Statistical analysis was performed by IBM SPSS version 18. Results. Over 60% of nurses regularly cared for patients from different cultures. 70.6% of nurses declared challenges during nursing care for patients from different culture. The main challenges were language, religion, and lack of cultural knowledge. Statistical significance was demonstrated in terms of the preparedness of nurses to provide culturally appropriate care. Multilingual nurses were statistically significantly better prepared for nursing care of patients from other cultures. Conclusions. Despite existing standards and guidelines, nurses working in European countries who regularly care for migrant populations do not perceive themselves to be adequately prepared to deliver culturally appropriate care. A multifaceted approach that includes policymakers, educators, and clinicians is needed. This study highlights the challenges experienced by nurses in Europe which can be informative for educational programmes for nurses and other healthcare professionals.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":88039944,"asset_id":82281548,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2517280,"first_name":"Leilani","last_name":"Siaki","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LeilaniSiaki","display_name":"Leilani Siaki","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LeilaniSiaki?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2517280/785096/975694/s65_leilani.siaki.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":867,"name":"Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76524530" data-work_id="76524530" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76524530/Understanding_Healthcare_Workers_Self_Reported_Practices_Knowledge_and_Attitude_about_Hand_Hygiene_in_a_Medical_Setting_in_Rural_India">Understanding Healthcare Workers Self-Reported Practices, Knowledge and Attitude about Hand Hygiene in a Medical Setting in Rural India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To describe self-reported practices and assess knowledge and attitudes regarding hand hygiene among healthcare workers in a rural Indian teaching hospital. A rural teaching hospital and its associated medical and nursing colleges in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76524530" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To describe self-reported practices and assess knowledge and attitudes regarding hand hygiene among healthcare workers in a rural Indian teaching hospital. A rural teaching hospital and its associated medical and nursing colleges in the district of Ujjain, India. The study population consisted of physicians, nurses, teaching staff, clinical instructors and nursing students. Self-administered questionnaires based on the World Health Organization Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Healthcare were used.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76524530" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0e83e666d59a35d737822bb0f2706876" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84206814,"asset_id":76524530,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84206814/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="121609515" href="https://ki.academia.edu/AshishPathak">Ashish Pathak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="121609515" type="text/json">{"id":121609515,"first_name":"Ashish","last_name":"Pathak","domain_name":"ki","page_name":"AshishPathak","display_name":"Ashish Pathak","profile_url":"https://ki.academia.edu/AshishPathak?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/121609515/30298477/28096367/s65_ashish.pathak.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76524530 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76524530"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76524530, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76524530", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76524530]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76524530").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76524530").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76524530"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care">Health Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4441" type="text/json">{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8207" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk">Risk</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8207" type="text/json">{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76524530]'), work: {"id":76524530,"title":"Understanding Healthcare Workers Self-Reported Practices, Knowledge and Attitude about Hand Hygiene in a Medical Setting in Rural India","created_at":"2022-04-15T06:39:14.768-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76524530/Understanding_Healthcare_Workers_Self_Reported_Practices_Knowledge_and_Attitude_about_Hand_Hygiene_in_a_Medical_Setting_in_Rural_India?f_ri=4441","dom_id":"work_76524530","summary":"To describe self-reported practices and assess knowledge and attitudes regarding hand hygiene among healthcare workers in a rural Indian teaching hospital. A rural teaching hospital and its associated medical and nursing colleges in the district of Ujjain, India. The study population consisted of physicians, nurses, teaching staff, clinical instructors and nursing students. Self-administered questionnaires based on the World Health Organization Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Healthcare were used.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84206814,"asset_id":76524530,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":121609515,"first_name":"Ashish","last_name":"Pathak","domain_name":"ki","page_name":"AshishPathak","display_name":"Ashish Pathak","profile_url":"https://ki.academia.edu/AshishPathak?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/121609515/30298477/28096367/s65_ashish.pathak.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":35246,"name":"Hand Hygiene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hand_Hygiene?f_ri=4441"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=4441"},{"id":201203,"name":"Hygiene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hygiene?f_ri=4441"},{"id":220780,"name":"PLoS one","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_one?f_ri=4441"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=4441"},{"id":1030142,"name":"Self report","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_report?f_ri=4441"},{"id":1824236,"name":"Health Personnel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Personnel?f_ri=4441"},{"id":2491318,"name":"Guideline Adherence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guideline_Adherence?f_ri=4441"},{"id":2947462,"name":"Rural Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Population?f_ri=4441"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74478059" data-work_id="74478059" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74478059/Healthcare_Financing_and_Health_outcomes_in_Nigeria_A_State_Level_Study_using_Multivariate_Analysis">Healthcare Financing and Health outcomes in Nigeria: A State Level Study using Multivariate Analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The study utilizes the multivariate analytical tool to describe the relationship that exists between health care financing, health facility utilization and health outcome in Nigeria. The focus of this research was on women who are of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74478059" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The study utilizes the multivariate analytical tool to describe the relationship that exists between health care financing, health facility utilization and health outcome in Nigeria. The focus of this research was on women who are of child bearing age and who had given birth to at least one child within the past five years. The study adopted the stratified sampling technique comprising of two rural Local Government Areas and one Urban Local Government Area in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study demonstrated that the high levels of infant mortality and morbidity rate was associated with the high incidence of out-of-pocket payment, and the wide disparity and inequality in income distribution. The study further observed a disproportionate disparity in the spatial distribution of health facilities, with concentration of health facilities at the urban areas rather than the rural areas, which of course contributed to the poor service demand. The studies therefore recommend among other t...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74478059" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7a93ca2fe3d75e21172604dd91c1af19" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82617121,"asset_id":74478059,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82617121/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44176918" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HRiman">Hodo Riman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44176918" type="text/json">{"id":44176918,"first_name":"Hodo","last_name":"Riman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HRiman","display_name":"Hodo Riman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HRiman?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44176918/11770268/13120473/s65_hodo.riman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74478059 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74478059"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74478059, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74478059", }); 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The focus of this research was on women who are of child bearing age and who had given birth to at least one child within the past five years. The study adopted the stratified sampling technique comprising of two rural Local Government Areas and one Urban Local Government Area in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study demonstrated that the high levels of infant mortality and morbidity rate was associated with the high incidence of out-of-pocket payment, and the wide disparity and inequality in income distribution. The study further observed a disproportionate disparity in the spatial distribution of health facilities, with concentration of health facilities at the urban areas rather than the rural areas, which of course contributed to the poor service demand. The studies therefore recommend among other t...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82617121,"asset_id":74478059,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44176918,"first_name":"Hodo","last_name":"Riman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HRiman","display_name":"Hodo Riman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HRiman?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44176918/11770268/13120473/s65_hodo.riman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":30340,"name":"Investment analysis and valuation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Investment_analysis_and_valuation?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":197231,"name":"Rural Areas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Areas?f_ri=4441"},{"id":364140,"name":"Humanities and Social Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities_and_Social_Science?f_ri=4441"},{"id":405300,"name":"Infant Mortality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant_Mortality?f_ri=4441"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64667520" data-work_id="64667520" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64667520/The_Asheville_Project_Participants_Perceptions_of_Factors_Contributing_to_the_Success_of_a_Patient_Self_Management_Diabetes_Program">The Asheville Project: Participants' Perceptions of Factors Contributing to the Success of a Patient Self-Management Diabetes Program</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To ascertain patients', providers', and managers' perceptions of the factors that contributed to the success of the Asheville Project. Design: One-time focus groups of patients and diabetes care providers and individual interviews with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64667520" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To ascertain patients', providers', and managers' perceptions of the factors that contributed to the success of the Asheville Project. Design: One-time focus groups of patients and diabetes care providers and individual interviews with managers involved in the project. Setting: The City of Asheville and Mission-St. Joseph's Health System (MSJ), Asheville, N.C. Patients and Other Participants: Twenty-one patients with diabetes who were employees of the two self-insured employers participating in the Asheville Project; four specially trained pharmacists who provided diabetes-related pharmaceutical care and one diabetes educator, all of whom received reimbursement for their services; six managers employed by the City of Asheville or MSJ who were involved in the project. Intervention: A trained facilitator conducted four focus groups and six manager interviews in September 2001. Each session lasted 60 to 90 minutes, and the facilitator used a standard list of open-ended questions. The focus group sessions were recorded for subsequent analysis. Main Outcome Measures: Perceptions of focus group participants and managers of how the Asheville Project enabled patients with diabetes to become more responsible and successful in self-managing their condition. Results: Focus group participants and managers were enthusiastic about their experiences with the project. Patients valued the relationships they established with their pharmacist or diabetes educator; as a result of these providers' support, patients felt more in control of their lives and were healthier. The waived co-payments for diabetes medications and related supplies was the decisive incentive for getting many patients to enroll in the project. For the providers, the project was a source of professional growth and satisfaction. Managers felt the project helped them fulfill their health care responsibilities to their employees, reduced overall costs, enhanced their organizations' reputations in health care delivery, and resulted in less absenteeism. Conclusion: Patients, providers, and managers in the Asheville Project believed that aligned incentives and community-based resources that provide health care services to patients with diabetes offer a practical, patient-empowering, and cost-effective solution to escalating health care costs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64667520" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3dcfed4ff8c164ea6cb26174407fb657" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76597235,"asset_id":64667520,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76597235/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="163742283" href="https://csun.academia.edu/DanielGarrett">Daniel Garrett</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="163742283" type="text/json">{"id":163742283,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Garrett","domain_name":"csun","page_name":"DanielGarrett","display_name":"Daniel Garrett","profile_url":"https://csun.academia.edu/DanielGarrett?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/163742283/47612569/36416788/s65_daniel.garrett.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64667520 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64667520"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64667520, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64667520", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64667520]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64667520").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64667520").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64667520"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="867" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception">Perception</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="867" type="text/json">{"id":867,"name":"Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4193" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Focus_Groups">Focus Groups</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4193" type="text/json">{"id":4193,"name":"Focus Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Focus_Groups?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care">Health Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4441" type="text/json">{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Care">Self Care</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9590" type="text/json">{"id":9590,"name":"Self Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64667520]'), work: {"id":64667520,"title":"The Asheville Project: Participants' Perceptions of Factors Contributing to the Success of a Patient Self-Management Diabetes Program","created_at":"2021-12-16T18:11:06.999-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/64667520/The_Asheville_Project_Participants_Perceptions_of_Factors_Contributing_to_the_Success_of_a_Patient_Self_Management_Diabetes_Program?f_ri=4441","dom_id":"work_64667520","summary":"To ascertain patients', providers', and managers' perceptions of the factors that contributed to the success of the Asheville Project. Design: One-time focus groups of patients and diabetes care providers and individual interviews with managers involved in the project. Setting: The City of Asheville and Mission-St. Joseph's Health System (MSJ), Asheville, N.C. Patients and Other Participants: Twenty-one patients with diabetes who were employees of the two self-insured employers participating in the Asheville Project; four specially trained pharmacists who provided diabetes-related pharmaceutical care and one diabetes educator, all of whom received reimbursement for their services; six managers employed by the City of Asheville or MSJ who were involved in the project. Intervention: A trained facilitator conducted four focus groups and six manager interviews in September 2001. Each session lasted 60 to 90 minutes, and the facilitator used a standard list of open-ended questions. The focus group sessions were recorded for subsequent analysis. Main Outcome Measures: Perceptions of focus group participants and managers of how the Asheville Project enabled patients with diabetes to become more responsible and successful in self-managing their condition. Results: Focus group participants and managers were enthusiastic about their experiences with the project. Patients valued the relationships they established with their pharmacist or diabetes educator; as a result of these providers' support, patients felt more in control of their lives and were healthier. The waived co-payments for diabetes medications and related supplies was the decisive incentive for getting many patients to enroll in the project. For the providers, the project was a source of professional growth and satisfaction. Managers felt the project helped them fulfill their health care responsibilities to their employees, reduced overall costs, enhanced their organizations' reputations in health care delivery, and resulted in less absenteeism. Conclusion: Patients, providers, and managers in the Asheville Project believed that aligned incentives and community-based resources that provide health care services to patients with diabetes offer a practical, patient-empowering, and cost-effective solution to escalating health care costs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76597235,"asset_id":64667520,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":163742283,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Garrett","domain_name":"csun","page_name":"DanielGarrett","display_name":"Daniel Garrett","profile_url":"https://csun.academia.edu/DanielGarrett?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/163742283/47612569/36416788/s65_daniel.garrett.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":867,"name":"Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":4193,"name":"Focus 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effectiveness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_effectiveness?f_ri=4441"},{"id":245969,"name":"Health System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_System?f_ri=4441"},{"id":295972,"name":"Health Care Delivery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care_Delivery?f_ri=4441"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=4441"},{"id":571027,"name":"Pharmacists","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacists?f_ri=4441"},{"id":906958,"name":"Disease Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Management?f_ri=4441"},{"id":1863718,"name":"The American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_American?f_ri=4441"},{"id":3499881,"name":"Outcome assessment (Health care)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Outcome_assessment_Health_care_?f_ri=4441"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=4441"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63839907" data-work_id="63839907" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/63839907/An_inquiry_into_the_different_perspectives_that_can_be_used_when_eliciting_preferences_in_health">An inquiry into the different perspectives that can be used when eliciting preferences in health</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" 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individuals can follow alternative strategies or decision rules to the traditional compensatory utility maximization, raising doubts about to what extent these choices can be used to elicit preferences. In this paper... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_58054007" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">When making choices, individuals can follow alternative strategies or decision rules to the traditional compensatory utility maximization, raising doubts about to what extent these choices can be used to elicit preferences. In this paper we use a verbal protocol approach to investigate the use of alternative decision rules in discrete choice experiments. The main interest is to identify some of</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58054007" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3186376ca9131811bb6d6b557f63fa26" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72653554,"asset_id":58054007,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72653554/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68545" href="https://ulpgc.academia.edu/JorgeEAra%C3%B1a">Jorge E. 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There have been no easy ways to represent meaningful slices... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50454064" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ontologies can represent large, multidimensional spaces: classi- cal music, research in computer science in the UK, health care for breast cancer are examples of rich domains. There have been no easy ways to represent meaningful slices through these multi- dimensional spaces to privilege the parts of the domain that are of interest to a given user. mSpace, an interaction model</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50454064" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a71d4d9eed42431452ae49b807f0777" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68435611,"asset_id":50454064,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68435611/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27920607" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DixAlan">Alan Dix</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27920607" type="text/json">{"id":27920607,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Dix","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DixAlan","display_name":"Alan Dix","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DixAlan?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/365b07acd7e197bf0ba16fa1d3e638e1?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50454064 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50454064"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50454064, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50454064", }); 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u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/799621/Interdisciplinary_health_care_teamwork_in_the_clinic_backstage">Interdisciplinary health care teamwork in the clinic backstage</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/799621" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6010cc48da9185f4c9dc400675ab5947" rel="nofollow" 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u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5214854/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates_evidence_of_local_transmission_with_unique_strains">Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the United Arab Emirates: evidence of local transmission with unique strains</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A retrospective epidemiological analysis was performed of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections in the Al Ain Medical District, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) during the period 1995-2000. The mean incidence for the study period was... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5214854" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A retrospective epidemiological analysis was performed of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections in the Al Ain Medical District, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) during the period 1995-2000. The mean incidence for the study period was 7.1%, more than 3 times that reported for the period 1983-1992 (2.1%). For the years 1997 through 2000, the highest incidences (-5-7% of tested) were from health care facilities that cater exclusively for citizens and long-term residents of the U.A.E. Corresponding rates for the immigrant visa applicants (non-citizens) were lower and showed a dramatic decrease from -18% in 1995 to -2% in 2000. Most importantly, the number of multidrug-resistant cases showed an increase from 1.4% during the period August 1997-December 1998 to 8.5% during the period January 1999-July 2000. Analysis of 7 different isolates by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) showed RFLP patterns that did not match >4000 individual patterns from 32 countries, suggesting the possible presence of M. tuberculosis strains unique to the U.A.E. Our data demonstrate local transmission of M. tuberculosis in the Al Ain Medical Region of the U.A.E.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5214854" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="14ebaac837ee1321635fc8eb4ad58ed7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49396918,"asset_id":5214854,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49396918/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7104558" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HusseinFarooq">Hussein Farooq</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7104558" type="text/json">{"id":7104558,"first_name":"Hussein","last_name":"Farooq","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HusseinFarooq","display_name":"Hussein Farooq","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HusseinFarooq?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7104558/2673291/3111327/s65_hussein.farooq.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5214854 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5214854"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5214854, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5214854", }); 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The mean incidence for the study period was 7.1%, more than 3 times that reported for the period 1983-1992 (2.1%). For the years 1997 through 2000, the highest incidences (-5-7% of tested) were from health care facilities that cater exclusively for citizens and long-term residents of the U.A.E. Corresponding rates for the immigrant visa applicants (non-citizens) were lower and showed a dramatic decrease from -18% in 1995 to -2% in 2000. Most importantly, the number of multidrug-resistant cases showed an increase from 1.4% during the period August 1997-December 1998 to 8.5% during the period January 1999-July 2000. Analysis of 7 different isolates by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) showed RFLP patterns that did not match \u003e4000 individual patterns from 32 countries, suggesting the possible presence of M. tuberculosis strains unique to the U.A.E. Our data demonstrate local transmission of M. tuberculosis in the Al Ain Medical Region of the U.A.E.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49396918,"asset_id":5214854,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7104558,"first_name":"Hussein","last_name":"Farooq","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HusseinFarooq","display_name":"Hussein Farooq","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HusseinFarooq?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7104558/2673291/3111327/s65_hussein.farooq.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":52211,"name":"United Arab Emirates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Arab_Emirates?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis?f_ri=4441"},{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?f_ri=4441"},{"id":94123,"name":"Multidrug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidrug_Resistance?f_ri=4441"},{"id":102583,"name":"Drug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Resistance?f_ri=4441"},{"id":174502,"name":"Incidence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incidence?f_ri=4441"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=4441"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=4441"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6266919" data-work_id="6266919" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6266919/Are_health_promoting_prisons_an_impossibility_Lessons_from_England_and_Wales">Are health-promoting prisons an impossibility? Lessons from England and Wales</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6266919" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bb6b38eb218dede3db60bf01ee88df87" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48940436,"asset_id":6266919,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48940436/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9672430" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RoyCarrHill">Roy Carr-Hill</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9672430" type="text/json">{"id":9672430,"first_name":"Roy","last_name":"Carr-Hill","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RoyCarrHill","display_name":"Roy Carr-Hill","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RoyCarrHill?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9672430/70330816/58747062/s65_roy.carr-hill.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6266919 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6266919"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6266919, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6266919", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6266919 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6266919; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6266919"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6266919 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6266919"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6266919; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6266919]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6266919").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6266919").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6266919"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="981" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Promotion">Health Promotion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="981" type="text/json">{"id":981,"name":"Health Promotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Promotion?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care">Health Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4441" type="text/json">{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Education">Health Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7428" type="text/json">{"id":7428,"name":"Health Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Education?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14406" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health">Health</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14406" type="text/json">{"id":14406,"name":"Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6266919]'), work: {"id":6266919,"title":"Are health-promoting prisons an impossibility? Lessons from England and Wales","created_at":"2014-03-02T21:56:43.989-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6266919/Are_health_promoting_prisons_an_impossibility_Lessons_from_England_and_Wales?f_ri=4441","dom_id":"work_6266919","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48940436,"asset_id":6266919,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9672430,"first_name":"Roy","last_name":"Carr-Hill","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RoyCarrHill","display_name":"Roy Carr-Hill","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RoyCarrHill?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9672430/70330816/58747062/s65_roy.carr-hill.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":981,"name":"Health Promotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Promotion?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":7428,"name":"Health Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Education?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":14406,"name":"Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":65981,"name":"Needs Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Needs_Assessment?f_ri=4441"},{"id":69015,"name":"England and Wales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England_and_Wales?f_ri=4441"},{"id":105813,"name":"Health Care Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care_Services?f_ri=4441"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=4441"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7640436" data-work_id="7640436" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7640436/Isoniazid_vs_Rifampin_for_Latent_Tuberculosis_Infection_in_Jail_Inmates_Toxicity_and_Adherence">Isoniazid vs. Rifampin for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Jail Inmates: Toxicity and Adherence</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This open-label randomized trial compared isoniazid (9 months) to rifampin (4 months) on toxicity and completion in a jailed population with latent tuberculosis infection. Rifampin resulted in fewer elevated liver function tests (risk... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7640436" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This open-label randomized trial compared isoniazid (9 months) to rifampin (4 months) on toxicity and completion in a jailed population with latent tuberculosis infection. Rifampin resulted in fewer elevated liver function tests (risk ratio [RR] 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.18, 0.86]) and less toxicity requiring medication withdrawal (RR 0.51, 95% CI [0.13, 2.01]), although one participant receiving rifampin experienced an allergic reaction. Completion was achieved for 33% receiving rifampin compared to 26% receiving isoniazid (p = .10). With careful monitoring rifampin is a safe and less toxic regimen and appears to be a reasonable alternative because of its shorter duration, allowing more people to complete treatment behind bars. Therapy completion in released inmates is unacceptably low and ensuring follow-up after discharge must be part of a decision to treat.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7640436" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="52d8ead818d1427c5939bf77b2b8d794" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48387997,"asset_id":7640436,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48387997/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13831765" href="https://umich.academia.edu/JoeGoldenson">Joe Goldenson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13831765" type="text/json">{"id":13831765,"first_name":"Joe","last_name":"Goldenson","domain_name":"umich","page_name":"JoeGoldenson","display_name":"Joe Goldenson","profile_url":"https://umich.academia.edu/JoeGoldenson?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7640436 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7640436"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7640436, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7640436", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7640436 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7640436; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7640436"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7640436 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7640436"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7640436; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7640436]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7640436").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7640436").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7640436"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care">Health Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4441" type="text/json">{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8819" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medication_Adherence">Medication Adherence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8819" type="text/json">{"id":8819,"name":"Medication Adherence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medication_Adherence?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51618" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prisons">Prisons</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51618" type="text/json">{"id":51618,"name":"Prisons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prisons?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis">Tuberculosis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62235" type="text/json">{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7640436]'), work: {"id":7640436,"title":"Isoniazid vs. Rifampin for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Jail Inmates: Toxicity and Adherence","created_at":"2014-07-12T03:53:48.722-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7640436/Isoniazid_vs_Rifampin_for_Latent_Tuberculosis_Infection_in_Jail_Inmates_Toxicity_and_Adherence?f_ri=4441","dom_id":"work_7640436","summary":"This open-label randomized trial compared isoniazid (9 months) to rifampin (4 months) on toxicity and completion in a jailed population with latent tuberculosis infection. Rifampin resulted in fewer elevated liver function tests (risk ratio [RR] 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.18, 0.86]) and less toxicity requiring medication withdrawal (RR 0.51, 95% CI [0.13, 2.01]), although one participant receiving rifampin experienced an allergic reaction. Completion was achieved for 33% receiving rifampin compared to 26% receiving isoniazid (p = .10). With careful monitoring rifampin is a safe and less toxic regimen and appears to be a reasonable alternative because of its shorter duration, allowing more people to complete treatment behind bars. Therapy completion in released inmates is unacceptably low and ensuring follow-up after discharge must be part of a decision to treat.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48387997,"asset_id":7640436,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13831765,"first_name":"Joe","last_name":"Goldenson","domain_name":"umich","page_name":"JoeGoldenson","display_name":"Joe Goldenson","profile_url":"https://umich.academia.edu/JoeGoldenson?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":8819,"name":"Medication Adherence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medication_Adherence?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":51618,"name":"Prisons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prisons?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":203752,"name":"Randomized Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Randomized_Trial?f_ri=4441"},{"id":1036105,"name":"Isoniazid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Isoniazid?f_ri=4441"},{"id":1262009,"name":"Correctional Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Correctional_Health_Care?f_ri=4441"},{"id":1388921,"name":"Latent Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latent_Tuberculosis?f_ri=4441"},{"id":1473454,"name":"Liver function tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver_function_tests?f_ri=4441"},{"id":1587858,"name":"Confidence Interval","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confidence_Interval?f_ri=4441"},{"id":1590736,"name":"Risk Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Ratio?f_ri=4441"},{"id":1718320,"name":"Latent tuberculosis infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latent_tuberculosis_infection?f_ri=4441"},{"id":2345130,"name":"Socioeconomic Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Factors?f_ri=4441"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9143585" data-work_id="9143585" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9143585/Pilot_Study_of_Medical_Legal_Partnership_to_Address_Social_and_Legal_Needs_of_Patients">Pilot Study of Medical-Legal Partnership to Address Social and Legal Needs of Patients</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As a preliminary investigation of the effectiveness of medical-legal partnership in pediatrics, we conducted a 36-month prospective cohort study of the impact of clinic-and hospital-based legal services. We hypothesized that integration... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9143585" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As a preliminary investigation of the effectiveness of medical-legal partnership in pediatrics, we conducted a 36-month prospective cohort study of the impact of clinic-and hospital-based legal services. We hypothesized that integration of legal services into pediatric settings would increase families' awareness of and access to legal and social services, decrease barriers to health care for children, and improve child health. Methods. Health care providers referred families with legal or social needs to the Peninsula Family Advocacy Program (FAP). results. Fifty four families completed both baseline and six-month follow-up assessments. Comparison of follow-up with baseline demonstrated significantly increased proportions of families who utilized food and income supports and significantly decreased proportions of families avoiding health care due to lack of health insurance or concerns about cost. Two-thirds of respondents reported improved child health and well-being. Conclusions. This study suggests that adding an attorney to the medical team increases awareness of and access to social and legal services.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9143585" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e8bdcb30c46c7bf676c8c95be6252934" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47871119,"asset_id":9143585,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47871119/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20843828" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KarinaOrtega3">Karina Ortega</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20843828" type="text/json">{"id":20843828,"first_name":"Karina","last_name":"Ortega","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KarinaOrtega3","display_name":"Karina Ortega","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KarinaOrtega3?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9143585 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9143585"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9143585, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9143585", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9143585]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9143585").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9143585").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9143585"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="631" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics">Pediatrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="631" type="text/json">{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care">Health Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4441" type="text/json">{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6116" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Welfare">Child Welfare</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6116" type="text/json">{"id":6116,"name":"Child Welfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Welfare?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7647" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lawyers">Lawyers</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7647" type="text/json">{"id":7647,"name":"Lawyers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lawyers?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9143585]'), work: {"id":9143585,"title":"Pilot Study of Medical-Legal Partnership to Address Social and Legal Needs of Patients","created_at":"2014-11-05T09:13:08.266-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9143585/Pilot_Study_of_Medical_Legal_Partnership_to_Address_Social_and_Legal_Needs_of_Patients?f_ri=4441","dom_id":"work_9143585","summary":"As a preliminary investigation of the effectiveness of medical-legal partnership in pediatrics, we conducted a 36-month prospective cohort study of the impact of clinic-and hospital-based legal services. We hypothesized that integration of legal services into pediatric settings would increase families' awareness of and access to legal and social services, decrease barriers to health care for children, and improve child health. Methods. Health care providers referred families with legal or social needs to the Peninsula Family Advocacy Program (FAP). results. Fifty four families completed both baseline and six-month follow-up assessments. Comparison of follow-up with baseline demonstrated significantly increased proportions of families who utilized food and income supports and significantly decreased proportions of families avoiding health care due to lack of health insurance or concerns about cost. Two-thirds of respondents reported improved child health and well-being. Conclusions. This study suggests that adding an attorney to the medical team increases awareness of and access to social and legal services.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47871119,"asset_id":9143585,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20843828,"first_name":"Karina","last_name":"Ortega","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KarinaOrtega3","display_name":"Karina Ortega","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KarinaOrtega3?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":6116,"name":"Child Welfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Welfare?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":7647,"name":"Lawyers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lawyers?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":11015,"name":"Social Support","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Support?f_ri=4441"},{"id":11758,"name":"Health insurance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_insurance?f_ri=4441"},{"id":50113,"name":"California","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/California?f_ri=4441"},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=4441"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=4441"},{"id":110765,"name":"Child Advocacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Advocacy?f_ri=4441"},{"id":131185,"name":"Cohort Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohort_Study?f_ri=4441"},{"id":308908,"name":"Pilot study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilot_study?f_ri=4441"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=4441"},{"id":945595,"name":"Pilot Projects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilot_Projects?f_ri=4441"},{"id":1310413,"name":"Child Health Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Health_Services?f_ri=4441"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9437359" data-work_id="9437359" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9437359/Motivating_municipal_action_for_children_the_Municipal_Seal_of_Approval_in_Cear%C3%A1_Brazil">Motivating municipal action for children: the Municipal Seal of Approval in Ceará, Brazil</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper describes how municipalities in the state of Ceará (Brazil) were encouraged to compete to obtain a Municipal Seal of Approval, based on their performance in meeting children's needs and rights. It describes how the programme... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9437359" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper describes how municipalities in the state of Ceará (Brazil) were encouraged to compete to obtain a Municipal Seal of Approval, based on their performance in meeting children's needs and rights. It describes how the programme was implemented, including the criteria used to judge performance, the communication strategy to encourage municipal participation and the measures taken to avoid rewarding only the better-resourced municipalities. It also discusses the scheme's links with the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the 1988 constitution, with its support for local rights and guardianship councils and for decentralization and local democracy. It describes the results, which included major declines in infant mortality and child malnutrition rates, and improved school attendance and health care, and considers the implications: the scheme's capacity to mobilize civil society, local authorities and mayors in ways which deliver measurable progress for children despite no monetary reward for the successful municipalities and the small UNICEF budget that supported it. Patricio Fuentes is coordinator of the UNICEF Zone Office in Fortaleza in the state of Ceará, Brazil. Reiko Niimi is the UNICEF representative in Brazil.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9437359" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b0a40a48bb1e9af6ba0bc6057f25a824" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47780625,"asset_id":9437359,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47780625/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21973656" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PatricioFuentes1">Patricio Fuentes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21973656" type="text/json">{"id":21973656,"first_name":"Patricio","last_name":"Fuentes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PatricioFuentes1","display_name":"Patricio Fuentes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PatricioFuentes1?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21973656/8944049/9980973/s65_patricio.fuentes.jpg_oh_4a6bba316de45481f1f27358ab9b2efa_oe_55c2df59___gda___1440458434_5b39106509e2f286d404559fdd29b340"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9437359 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9437359"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9437359, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9437359", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9437359]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9437359").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9437359").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9437359"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care">Health Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4441" type="text/json">{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20436" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_And_Regional_Planning">Urban And Regional Planning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20436" type="text/json">{"id":20436,"name":"Urban And Regional Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_And_Regional_Planning?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="74837" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment_and_Urbanization">Environment and Urbanization</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="74837" type="text/json">{"id":74837,"name":"Environment and Urbanization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment_and_Urbanization?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="405300" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant_Mortality">Infant Mortality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="405300" type="text/json">{"id":405300,"name":"Infant Mortality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant_Mortality?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9437359]'), work: {"id":9437359,"title":"Motivating municipal action for children: the Municipal Seal of Approval in Ceará, Brazil","created_at":"2014-11-21T19:21:29.514-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9437359/Motivating_municipal_action_for_children_the_Municipal_Seal_of_Approval_in_Cear%C3%A1_Brazil?f_ri=4441","dom_id":"work_9437359","summary":"This paper describes how municipalities in the state of Ceará (Brazil) were encouraged to compete to obtain a Municipal Seal of Approval, based on their performance in meeting children's needs and rights. It describes how the programme was implemented, including the criteria used to judge performance, the communication strategy to encourage municipal participation and the measures taken to avoid rewarding only the better-resourced municipalities. It also discusses the scheme's links with the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the 1988 constitution, with its support for local rights and guardianship councils and for decentralization and local democracy. It describes the results, which included major declines in infant mortality and child malnutrition rates, and improved school attendance and health care, and considers the implications: the scheme's capacity to mobilize civil society, local authorities and mayors in ways which deliver measurable progress for children despite no monetary reward for the successful municipalities and the small UNICEF budget that supported it. Patricio Fuentes is coordinator of the UNICEF Zone Office in Fortaleza in the state of Ceará, Brazil. Reiko Niimi is the UNICEF representative in Brazil.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47780625,"asset_id":9437359,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21973656,"first_name":"Patricio","last_name":"Fuentes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PatricioFuentes1","display_name":"Patricio Fuentes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PatricioFuentes1?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21973656/8944049/9980973/s65_patricio.fuentes.jpg_oh_4a6bba316de45481f1f27358ab9b2efa_oe_55c2df59___gda___1440458434_5b39106509e2f286d404559fdd29b340"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":20436,"name":"Urban And Regional Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_And_Regional_Planning?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":74837,"name":"Environment and Urbanization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment_and_Urbanization?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":405300,"name":"Infant Mortality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant_Mortality?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":1957240,"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ENVIRONMENTAL_SCIENCE_AND_MANAGEMENT?f_ri=4441"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26889174" data-work_id="26889174" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26889174/Performance_indicators_in_Swedish_Health_Care">Performance indicators in Swedish Health Care</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Sweden has developed national performance indicators to measure quality and efficiency in Health Care. 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In Australia one approach has been to broaden access to care by funding psychologists and other allied... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22233125" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Broad community access to high quality evidence-based primary mental health care is an ongoing challenge around the world. In Australia one approach has been to broaden access to care by funding psychologists and other allied health care professionals to deliver brief psychological treatments to general practitioners' patients. To date, there has been a scarcity of studies assessing the efficacy of social worker delivered psychological strategies. This study aims to build the evidence base by evaluating the impact of a brief educational intervention on social workers' competence in delivering cognitive behavioural strategies (strategies derived from cognitive behavioural therapy).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22233125" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d6b6fee3feb4f29b000aa241bc959f84" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42883369,"asset_id":22233125,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42883369/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43597948" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LynetteJoubert">Lynette Joubert</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43597948" type="text/json">{"id":43597948,"first_name":"Lynette","last_name":"Joubert","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LynetteJoubert","display_name":"Lynette Joubert","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LynetteJoubert?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-22233125">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-22233125"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/LNaccarella">L. 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Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Access_to_Care?f_ri=4441"},{"id":740122,"name":"Professional Competence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Competence?f_ri=4441"},{"id":1000427,"name":"Reference Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Values?f_ri=4441"},{"id":1238821,"name":"Community Based Mental Health Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Based_Mental_Health_Services?f_ri=4441"},{"id":1631043,"name":"Control Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Group?f_ri=4441"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2555180" data-work_id="2555180" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2555180/Health_promotion_ethical_and_social_dilemmas_of_government_policy">Health promotion: ethical and social dilemmas of government policy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2555180" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d2cbd02fbd1cf6532a617afce2be8ae9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50570643,"asset_id":2555180,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen 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sly","profile_url":"https://uni-halle.academia.edu/harriettsly?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2555180 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2555180"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2555180, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2555180", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2555180 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2555180; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2555180"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2555180 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2555180"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2555180; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2555180]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2555180").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2555180").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2555180"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="981" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Promotion">Health Promotion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="981" type="text/json">{"id":981,"name":"Health Promotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Promotion?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2789" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Government">Government</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2789" type="text/json">{"id":2789,"name":"Government","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Government?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care">Health Care</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4441" type="text/json">{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2555180]'), work: {"id":2555180,"title":"Health promotion: ethical and social dilemmas of government 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States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=4441"},{"id":219669,"name":"Taxes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taxes?f_ri=4441"},{"id":239277,"name":"Government Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Government_Policy?f_ri=4441"},{"id":256911,"name":"Access to Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Access_to_Health_Care?f_ri=4441"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=4441"},{"id":411275,"name":"Ethical Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Issues?f_ri=4441"},{"id":964675,"name":"Alcohol Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Use?f_ri=4441"},{"id":1762987,"name":"Health affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_affairs?f_ri=4441"},{"id":1776918,"name":"Social Dilemma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Dilemma?f_ri=4441"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73674910" data-work_id="73674910" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73674910/Designing_Health_Care_Communications_Using_Psychological_Set_to_Engage_and_Persuade">Designing Health Care Communications: Using Psychological Set to Engage and Persuade</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There is really no such thing as a neutral communication. People being who they are with varying health-related goals and priorities react to healthcare communications differently. Understanding and planning for the factors that shape... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73674910" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There is really no such thing as a neutral communication. People being who they are with varying health-related goals and priorities react to healthcare communications differently. Understanding and planning for the factors that shape perception and how healthcare consumers react is essential to effective healthcare communications. The most effective communications must be developed with a sound understanding of the various goal-directed, health-related response patterns of the target audience, i.e., those factors that define the consumer&#39;s psychological set, shape their selective perception, and the likelihood that they will elaborate on and act on a message delivered through an advertisement or marketing communication.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73674910" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8c944ab902319997c685c0372056b723" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83840736,"asset_id":73674910,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83840736/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="58412233" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FrederickNavarro">Frederick Navarro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="58412233" type="text/json">{"id":58412233,"first_name":"Frederick","last_name":"Navarro","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrederickNavarro","display_name":"Frederick Navarro","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrederickNavarro?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58412233/17547013/17611871/s65_frederick.navarro.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73674910 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73674910"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73674910, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73674910", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73674910 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73674910; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_73674910"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73674910 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73674910"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73674910; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73674910]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73674910").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73674910").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73674910"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="260" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Psychology">Health Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="260" type="text/json">{"id":260,"name":"Health Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Psychology?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="961" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Communication">Health Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="961" type="text/json">{"id":961,"name":"Health Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Communication?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3046" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persuasion_Psychology_">Persuasion (Psychology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3046" type="text/json">{"id":3046,"name":"Persuasion (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persuasion_Psychology_?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73674910]'), work: {"id":73674910,"title":"Designing Health Care Communications: Using Psychological Set to Engage and Persuade","created_at":"2022-03-13T10:38:30.127-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73674910/Designing_Health_Care_Communications_Using_Psychological_Set_to_Engage_and_Persuade?f_ri=4441","dom_id":"work_73674910","summary":"There is really no such thing as a neutral communication. People being who they are with varying health-related goals and priorities react to healthcare communications differently. Understanding and planning for the factors that shape perception and how healthcare consumers react is essential to effective healthcare communications. The most effective communications must be developed with a sound understanding of the various goal-directed, health-related response patterns of the target audience, i.e., those factors that define the consumer\u0026#39;s psychological set, shape their selective perception, and the likelihood that they will elaborate on and act on a message delivered through an advertisement or marketing communication.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83840736,"asset_id":73674910,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":58412233,"first_name":"Frederick","last_name":"Navarro","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrederickNavarro","display_name":"Frederick Navarro","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrederickNavarro?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58412233/17547013/17611871/s65_frederick.navarro.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":260,"name":"Health Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Psychology?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":961,"name":"Health Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Communication?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":3046,"name":"Persuasion (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persuasion_Psychology_?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441"},{"id":9441,"name":"Health Behaviors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Behaviors?f_ri=4441"},{"id":26540,"name":"Archetypes and Patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archetypes_and_Patterns?f_ri=4441"},{"id":27182,"name":"Selective Attention (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Selective_Attention_Psychology_?f_ri=4441"},{"id":532694,"name":"Inhibition of Return","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inhibition_of_Return?f_ri=4441"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6085207" data-work_id="6085207" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6085207/The_efficacy_of_classical_massage_on_stress_perception_and_cortisol_following_primary_treatment_of_breast_cancer">The efficacy of classical massage on stress perception and cortisol following primary treatment of breast cancer</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To investigate the efficacy of classical massage on stress perception and mood disturbances, 34 women diagnosed with primary breast cancer were randomized into an intervention or control group. For a period of 5 weeks, the intervention... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6085207" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To investigate the efficacy of classical massage on stress perception and mood disturbances, 34 women diagnosed with primary breast cancer were randomized into an intervention or control group. For a period of 5 weeks, the intervention group (n = 17) received biweekly 30-min classical massages. The control group (n = 17) received no additional treatment to their routine health care. The Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and the Berlin Mood Questionnaire (BSF) were used and the patients’ blood was collected at baseline (T1), at the end of the intervention period (T2), and 6 weeks after T2 (T3). Compared with control group, women in the intervention group reported significantly lower mood disturbances, especially for anger (p = 0.048), anxious depression (p = 0.03) at T2, and tiredness at T3 (p = 0.01). No group differences were found in PSQ scales, cortisol and serotonin concentrations at T2 and T3. However, perceived stress and cortisol serum levels (p = 0.03) were significantly reduced after massage therapy (T2) compared with baseline in the intervention group. Further research is needed to validate our findings.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6085207" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1b4543423234f262c7e0cd619c9b9c71" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49025425,"asset_id":6085207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49025425/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9170268" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RoseKrohn">Rose Krohn</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9170268" type="text/json">{"id":9170268,"first_name":"Rose","last_name":"Krohn","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RoseKrohn","display_name":"Rose Krohn","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RoseKrohn?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6085207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6085207"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6085207, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6085207", }); 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For a period of 5 weeks, the intervention group (n = 17) received biweekly 30-min classical massages. The control group (n = 17) received no additional treatment to their routine health care. The Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and the Berlin Mood Questionnaire (BSF) were used and the patients’ blood was collected at baseline (T1), at the end of the intervention period (T2), and 6 weeks after T2 (T3). Compared with control group, women in the intervention group reported significantly lower mood disturbances, especially for anger (p = 0.048), anxious depression (p = 0.03) at T2, and tiredness at T3 (p = 0.01). No group differences were found in PSQ scales, cortisol and serotonin concentrations at T2 and T3. However, perceived stress and cortisol serum levels (p = 0.03) were significantly reduced after massage therapy (T2) compared with baseline in the intervention group. Further research is needed to validate our findings.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49025425,"asset_id":6085207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9170268,"first_name":"Rose","last_name":"Krohn","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RoseKrohn","display_name":"Rose Krohn","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RoseKrohn?f_ri=4441","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":51565,"name":"Serotonin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":55944,"name":"Massage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Massage?f_ri=4441"},{"id":58431,"name":"Cortisol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cortisol?f_ri=4441"},{"id":218935,"name":"Group Intervention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Group_Intervention?f_ri=4441"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=4441"},{"id":1631043,"name":"Control Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Group?f_ri=4441"},{"id":2529977,"name":"attitude to health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/attitude_to_health?f_ri=4441"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_82228669" data-work_id="82228669" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82228669/Healthcare_Health_and_Income">Healthcare, Health, and Income</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The medicalization model of poverty leads us to devote considerable resources to treating the healthcare problems caused by poverty while neglecting the root cause of those problems — the poverty itself. Treating symptoms rather than... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_82228669" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The medicalization model of poverty leads us to devote considerable resources to treating the healthcare problems caused by poverty while neglecting the root cause of those problems — the poverty itself. Treating symptoms rather than causes is far less effective than treating causes. When correctly understood, poverty is a major public health problem that needs to be addressed directly with effective anti-poverty programs. Only then can we properly serve the healthcare needs of the poor.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/82228669" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="92d64fdfb3ab2f5a2e5ebbb0c14e653f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":88003562,"asset_id":82228669,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88003562/download_file?st=MTc0MDE0MDg0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="83728332" href="https://unlv.academia.edu/DavidOrentlicher">David Orentlicher</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="83728332" type="text/json">{"id":83728332,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Orentlicher","domain_name":"unlv","page_name":"DavidOrentlicher","display_name":"David Orentlicher","profile_url":"https://unlv.academia.edu/DavidOrentlicher?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/83728332/72153819/60612894/s65_david.orentlicher.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_82228669 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="82228669"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82228669, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_82228669", }); 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Treating symptoms rather than causes is far less effective than treating causes. When correctly understood, poverty is a major public health problem that needs to be addressed directly with effective anti-poverty programs. Only then can we properly serve the healthcare needs of the poor.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":88003562,"asset_id":82228669,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":83728332,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Orentlicher","domain_name":"unlv","page_name":"DavidOrentlicher","display_name":"David Orentlicher","profile_url":"https://unlv.academia.edu/DavidOrentlicher?f_ri=4441","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/83728332/72153819/60612894/s65_david.orentlicher.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=4441","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied 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