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href="https://www.academia.edu/28654136/A_biodiversity_indicators_dashboard_addressing_challenges_to_monitoring_progress_towards_the_Aichi_biodiversity_targets_using_disaggregated_global_data">A biodiversity indicators dashboard: addressing challenges to monitoring progress towards the Aichi biodiversity targets using disaggregated global data</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Recognizing the imperiled status of biodiversity and its benefit to human well-being, the world&amp;#39;s governments committed in 2010 to take effective and urgent action to halt biodiversity loss through the Convention on Biological... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28654136" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recognizing the imperiled status of biodiversity and its benefit to human well-being, the world&amp;#39;s governments committed in 2010 to take effective and urgent action to halt biodiversity loss through the Convention on Biological Diversity&amp;#39;s &amp;quot;Aichi Targets&amp;quot;. These targets, and many conservation programs, require monitoring to assess progress toward specific goals. However, comprehensive and easily understood information on biodiversity trends at appropriate spatial scales is often not available to the policy makers, managers, and scientists who require it. We surveyed conservation stakeholders in three geographically diverse regions of critical biodiversity concern (the Tropical Andes, the African Great Lakes, and the Greater Mekong) and found high demand for biodiversity indicator information but uneven availability. To begin to address this need, we present a biodiversity &amp;quot;dashboard&amp;quot;--a visualization of biodiversity indicators designed to enable tracking o...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28654136" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e0cc03eee8062ad88df862d549b58b08" rel="nofollow" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:49029075,&quot;asset_id&quot;:28654136,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;always_allow_download&quot;:false,&quot;track&quot;:null,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;work_strip&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:null,&quot;hide_modal&quot;:null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49029075/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NDIzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by&nbsp;<span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1248115" href="https://iucn.academia.edu/ThomasBrooks">Thomas Brooks</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1248115" type="text/json">{"id":1248115,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Brooks","domain_name":"iucn","page_name":"ThomasBrooks","display_name":"Thomas Brooks","profile_url":"https://iucn.academia.edu/ThomasBrooks?f_ri=48","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1248115/480033/604519/s65_thomas.brooks.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28654136 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28654136"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28654136, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28654136", }); 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These targets, and many conservation programs, require monitoring to assess progress toward specific goals. However, comprehensive and easily understood information on biodiversity trends at appropriate spatial scales is often not available to the policy makers, managers, and scientists who require it. We surveyed conservation stakeholders in three geographically diverse regions of critical biodiversity concern (the Tropical Andes, the African Great Lakes, and the Greater Mekong) and found high demand for biodiversity indicator information but uneven availability. 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class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9339" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Raman_Spectroscopy">Raman Spectroscopy</a>,&nbsp;<script data-card-contents-for-ri="9339" type="text/json">{"id":9339,"name":"Raman Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Raman_Spectroscopy?f_ri=48","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24373" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atomic_Force_Microscopy">Atomic Force Microscopy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24373" type="text/json">{"id":24373,"name":"Atomic Force Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atomic_Force_Microscopy?f_ri=48","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23285638]'), work: {"id":23285638,"title":"Electrical conduction in undoped ultrananocrystalline diamond thin films and its dependence on chemical composition and 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DIFFRACTION","created_at":"2015-02-21T10:13:10.600-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10976873/MECHANISTIC_AND_KINETIC_STUDY_OF_THE_ELECTROCHEMICAL_CHARGE_AND_DISCHARGE_OF_La_2_MgNi_9_BY_IN_SITU_POWDER_NEUTRON_DIFFRACTION?f_ri=48","dom_id":"work_10976873","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46988389,"asset_id":10976873,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26586396,"first_name":"Volodymyr","last_name":"Yartys","domain_name":"ife","page_name":"VolodymyrYartys","display_name":"Volodymyr Yartys","profile_url":"https://ife.academia.edu/VolodymyrYartys?f_ri=48","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26586396/21570238/20924150/s65_volodymyr.yartys.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=48","nofollow":false},{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=48","nofollow":false},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=48","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14424536 coauthored" data-work_id="14424536" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14424536/Crystallization_scale_preparation_of_a_stable_GPCR_signaling_complex_between_constitutively_active_rhodopsin_and_G_protein">Crystallization scale preparation of a stable GPCR signaling complex between constitutively active rhodopsin and G-protein</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The activation of the G-protein transducin (Gt) by rhodopsin (Rho) has been intensively studied for several decades. It is the best understood example of GPCR activation mechanism and serves as a template for other GPCRs. The structure of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14424536" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The activation of the G-protein transducin (Gt) by rhodopsin (Rho) has been intensively studied for several decades. It is the best understood example of GPCR activation mechanism and serves as a template for other GPCRs. The structure of the Rho/G protein complex, which is transiently formed during the signaling reaction, is of particular interest. It can help understanding the molecular details of how retinal isomerization leads to the G protein activation, as well as shed some light on how GPCR recognizes its cognate G protein. The native Rho/Gt complex isolated from bovine retina suffers from low stability and loss of the retinal ligand. Recently, we reported that constitutively active mutant of rhodopsin E113Q forms a Rho/Gt complex that is stable in detergent solution. Here, we introduce methods for a large scale preparation of the complex formed by the thermo-stabilized and constitutively active rhodopsin mutant N2C/M257Y/D282C(RhoM257Y) and the native Gt purified from bovine...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14424536" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b473a3f34689a369135f57d8cca8d0d7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:44157456,&quot;asset_id&quot;:14424536,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;always_allow_download&quot;:false,&quot;track&quot;:null,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;work_strip&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:null,&quot;hide_modal&quot;:null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44157456/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NDIzNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by&nbsp;<span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33365072" href="https://psi-ch.academia.edu/GebhardSchertler">Gebhard F X Schertler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33365072" type="text/json">{"id":33365072,"first_name":"Gebhard","last_name":"Schertler","domain_name":"psi-ch","page_name":"GebhardSchertler","display_name":"Gebhard F X Schertler","profile_url":"https://psi-ch.academia.edu/GebhardSchertler?f_ri=48","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33365072/12447282/13852903/s65_gebhard.schertler.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text">&nbsp;and&nbsp;<span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14424536">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14424536"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/DmitryVeprintsev">Dmitry Veprintsev</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://stanford.academia.edu/ShojiMaeda">Shoji Maeda</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unibasel.academia.edu/MichaelHennig">Michael Hennig</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14424536'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14424536').html(); 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It is the best understood example of GPCR activation mechanism and serves as a template for other GPCRs. The structure of the Rho/G protein complex, which is transiently formed during the signaling reaction, is of particular interest. It can help understanding the molecular details of how retinal isomerization leads to the G protein activation, as well as shed some light on how GPCR recognizes its cognate G protein. The native Rho/Gt complex isolated from bovine retina suffers from low stability and loss of the retinal ligand. Recently, we reported that constitutively active mutant of rhodopsin E113Q forms a Rho/Gt complex that is stable in detergent solution. Here, we introduce methods for a large scale preparation of the complex formed by the thermo-stabilized and constitutively active rhodopsin mutant N2C/M257Y/D282C(RhoM257Y) and the native Gt purified from bovine...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44157456,"asset_id":14424536,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33365072,"first_name":"Gebhard","last_name":"Schertler","domain_name":"psi-ch","page_name":"GebhardSchertler","display_name":"Gebhard F X Schertler","profile_url":"https://psi-ch.academia.edu/GebhardSchertler?f_ri=48","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33365072/12447282/13852903/s65_gebhard.schertler.jpg"},{"id":33412293,"first_name":"Dmitry","last_name":"Veprintsev","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DmitryVeprintsev","display_name":"Dmitry 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>,&nbsp;<script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=48","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="260118" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES">CHEMICAL SCIENCES</a>,&nbsp;<script data-card-contents-for-ri="260118" type="text/json">{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=48","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="596974" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_and_Food_Chemistry">Agricultural and Food Chemistry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="596974" type="text/json">{"id":596974,"name":"Agricultural and Food 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68091799/Investigation_of_Automated_Vehicle_Effects_on_Drivers_Behavior_and_Traffic_Performance">Investigation of Automated Vehicle Effects on Driver&#39;s Behavior and Traffic Performance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68091799" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8b3f8ac470b13c7e250dab634e8332a2" rel="nofollow" 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/JOlstam">Johan Olstam</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52763007" type="text/json">{"id":52763007,"first_name":"Johan","last_name":"Olstam","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JOlstam","display_name":"Johan Olstam","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JOlstam?f_ri=48","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52763007/67987565/56362320/s65_johan.olstam.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68091799 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68091799"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68091799, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68091799", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68091799 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automated_Guided_Vehicles">Automated Guided Vehicles</a>,&nbsp;<script data-card-contents-for-ri="60472" type="text/json">{"id":60472,"name":"Automated Guided Vehicles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automated_Guided_Vehicles?f_ri=48","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="164681" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capacity_analysis">Capacity analysis</a>,&nbsp;<script data-card-contents-for-ri="164681" type="text/json">{"id":164681,"name":"Capacity analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capacity_analysis?f_ri=48","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="193953" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Driver_Behavior">Driver Behavior</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="193953" type="text/json">{"id":193953,"name":"Driver 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data-work_id="71822911" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71822911/Unconventional_and_Unexpected_American_Quilts_Below_the_Radar_1950_2000">Unconventional &amp; Unexpected: American Quilts Below the Radar 1950-2000</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Unconventional &amp; Unexpected: Quilts Below the Radar 1950-2000 is a stunning collection of approximately 150 quirky, eccentric, maverick and extraordinary quilts made predominantly by anonymous quilters in the United States during the last... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71822911" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Unconventional &amp; Unexpected: Quilts Below the Radar 1950-2000 is a stunning collection of approximately 150 quirky, eccentric, maverick and extraordinary quilts made predominantly by anonymous quilters in the United States during the last half of the 20th century. Collected by renowned quilt authority and collector Roderick Kiracofe via eBay, flea markets, estate sales and other sources, they represent a 20th-century quilt movement that remains mostly undocumented. Unlike the quilts replicating traditional patterns of earlier centuries and the art quilts that we&amp;#39;ve become accustomed to seeing, these surprising quilts represent a much freer, more casual, utilitarian aesthetic that departs from (and returns to) a multitude of norms and standards. In Unconventional &amp; Unexpected, Kiracofe presents the best quilts in his collection along with essays that help to contextualise them by experts in a variety of fields, including quilt-making, quilt history, art history, collecting, colou...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71822911" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="696e4f2ea03de4660811c5172c1696a3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:81012766,&quot;asset_id&quot;:71822911,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;always_allow_download&quot;:false,&quot;track&quot;:null,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;work_strip&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:null,&quot;hide_modal&quot;:null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81012766/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NDIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by&nbsp;<span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="193876840" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RoderickKiracofe">Roderick Kiracofe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="193876840" type="text/json">{"id":193876840,"first_name":"Roderick","last_name":"Kiracofe","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RoderickKiracofe","display_name":"Roderick Kiracofe","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RoderickKiracofe?f_ri=48","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/193876840/56452455/44654847/s65_roderick.kiracofe.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71822911 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71822911"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71822911, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71822911", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71822911]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71822911").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71822911").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71822911"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>,&nbsp;<script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=48","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6683" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Anthropology">Museum Anthropology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6683" type="text/json">{"id":6683,"name":"Museum Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Anthropology?f_ri=48","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71822911]'), work: {"id":71822911,"title":"Unconventional \u0026 Unexpected: American Quilts Below the Radar 1950-2000","created_at":"2022-02-18T21:11:40.236-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71822911/Unconventional_and_Unexpected_American_Quilts_Below_the_Radar_1950_2000?f_ri=48","dom_id":"work_71822911","summary":"Unconventional \u0026 Unexpected: Quilts Below the Radar 1950-2000 is a stunning collection of approximately 150 quirky, eccentric, maverick and extraordinary quilts made predominantly by anonymous quilters in the United States during the last half of the 20th century. Collected by renowned quilt authority and collector Roderick Kiracofe via eBay, flea markets, estate sales and other sources, they represent a 20th-century quilt movement that remains mostly undocumented. Unlike the quilts replicating traditional patterns of earlier centuries and the art quilts that we\u0026#39;ve become accustomed to seeing, these surprising quilts represent a much freer, more casual, utilitarian aesthetic that departs from (and returns to) a multitude of norms and standards. 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However modeling process is a time consuming and many draftsmen do not have the skills of performing such task. Exhaust valve is one of the component reputedly required nearly in all ic engines. It is the nose of the combustion engine to return exhaust gases out at a time of exhaust stroke. There are many tools and computer languages like C, C++, Python, Visual basic, Go language etc useful for task automation. In this paper we are automate the designing and solid modeling task of exhaust valve by creating graphical user tool to take input parameters required for exhaust valve design using visual basic programming language into the excel spreadsheet and integrate this spreadsheet with Creo or Pro-Engineering parametric tool for 3D solid modeling automation. To demonstrate our study we are considered to automate the exhaust valve design and solid model generation made by authors S.S Gawale &amp; Dr S.N Shelke(8).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43960630" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c231c7e1ebc7fd159472723ae06e400b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:64287861,&quot;asset_id&quot;:43960630,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;always_allow_download&quot;:false,&quot;track&quot;:null,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;work_strip&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:null,&quot;hide_modal&quot;:null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64287861/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NDIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by&nbsp;<span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="109571315" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IJERTORG">IJERT Journal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="109571315" type="text/json">{"id":109571315,"first_name":"IJERT","last_name":"Journal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IJERTORG","display_name":"IJERT Journal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IJERTORG?f_ri=48","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/109571315/46811946/36059547/s65_ijert.journal.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43960630 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43960630"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43960630, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43960630", }); 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However modeling process is a time consuming and many draftsmen do not have the skills of performing such task. Exhaust valve is one of the component reputedly required nearly in all ic engines. It is the nose of the combustion engine to return exhaust gases out at a time of exhaust stroke. There are many tools and computer languages like C, C++, Python, Visual basic, Go language etc useful for task automation. In this paper we are automate the designing and solid modeling task of exhaust valve by creating graphical user tool to take input parameters required for exhaust valve design using visual basic programming language into the excel spreadsheet and integrate this spreadsheet with Creo or Pro-Engineering parametric tool for 3D solid modeling automation. To demonstrate our study we are considered to automate the exhaust valve design and solid model generation made by authors S.S Gawale \u0026 Dr S.N Shelke(8).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64287861,"asset_id":43960630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":109571315,"first_name":"IJERT","last_name":"Journal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IJERTORG","display_name":"IJERT Journal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IJERTORG?f_ri=48","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/109571315/46811946/36059547/s65_ijert.journal.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=48","nofollow":false},{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=48","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71888081" data-work_id="71888081" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71888081/Processing_Phoneme_Specific_Segments_for_Cleft_Lip_and_Palate_Speech_Enhancement">Processing Phoneme Specific Segments for Cleft Lip and Palate Speech Enhancement</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The cleft lip and palate (CLP) speech intelligibility is distorted due to the deformation in their articulatory system. For addressing the same, a few previous works perform phoneme specific modification in CLP speech. In CLP speech, both... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71888081" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The cleft lip and palate (CLP) speech intelligibility is distorted due to the deformation in their articulatory system. For addressing the same, a few previous works perform phoneme specific modification in CLP speech. In CLP speech, both the articulation error and the nasalization distorts the intelligibility of a word. Consequently, modification of a specific phoneme may not always yield in enhanced entire word-level intelligibility. For such cases, it is important to identify and isolate the phoneme specific error based on the knowledge of acoustic events. Accordingly, the phoneme specific error modification algorithms can be exploited for transforming the specified errors and enhance the wordlevel intelligibility. Motivated by that, in this work, we combine some of salient phoneme specific enhancement approaches and demonstrate their effectiveness in improving the word-level intelligibility of CLP speech. The enhanced speech samples are evaluated using subjective and objective e...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71888081" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e3b73f0e0a811c42f7f32b9007356a14" rel="nofollow" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:81049205,&quot;asset_id&quot;:71888081,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;always_allow_download&quot;:false,&quot;track&quot;:null,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;work_strip&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:null,&quot;hide_modal&quot;:null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81049205/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NDIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by&nbsp;<span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="171037510" href="https://mithibai.academia.edu/RohitSinha">Rohit Sinha</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="171037510" type="text/json">{"id":171037510,"first_name":"Rohit","last_name":"Sinha","domain_name":"mithibai","page_name":"RohitSinha","display_name":"Rohit Sinha","profile_url":"https://mithibai.academia.edu/RohitSinha?f_ri=48","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/171037510/171049423/161038609/s65_rohit.sinha.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71888081 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71888081"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71888081, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71888081", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71888081]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71888081").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71888081").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71888081"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>,&nbsp;<script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=48","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a>,&nbsp;<script data-card-contents-for-ri="422" type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=48","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>,&nbsp;<script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=48","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3193313" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/arXiv">arXiv</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3193313" type="text/json">{"id":3193313,"name":"arXiv","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/arXiv?f_ri=48","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71888081]'), work: {"id":71888081,"title":"Processing Phoneme Specific Segments for Cleft Lip and Palate Speech Enhancement","created_at":"2022-02-19T17:06:32.181-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71888081/Processing_Phoneme_Specific_Segments_for_Cleft_Lip_and_Palate_Speech_Enhancement?f_ri=48","dom_id":"work_71888081","summary":"The cleft lip and palate (CLP) speech intelligibility is distorted due to the deformation in their articulatory system. For addressing the same, a few previous works perform phoneme specific modification in CLP speech. In CLP speech, both the articulation error and the nasalization distorts the intelligibility of a word. Consequently, modification of a specific phoneme may not always yield in enhanced entire word-level intelligibility. For such cases, it is important to identify and isolate the phoneme specific error based on the knowledge of acoustic events. Accordingly, the phoneme specific error modification algorithms can be exploited for transforming the specified errors and enhance the wordlevel intelligibility. Motivated by that, in this work, we combine some of salient phoneme specific enhancement approaches and demonstrate their effectiveness in improving the word-level intelligibility of CLP speech. The enhanced speech samples are evaluated using subjective and objective e...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81049205,"asset_id":71888081,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":171037510,"first_name":"Rohit","last_name":"Sinha","domain_name":"mithibai","page_name":"RohitSinha","display_name":"Rohit Sinha","profile_url":"https://mithibai.academia.edu/RohitSinha?f_ri=48","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/171037510/171049423/161038609/s65_rohit.sinha.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=48","nofollow":false},{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=48","nofollow":false},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=48","nofollow":false},{"id":3193313,"name":"arXiv","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/arXiv?f_ri=48","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76112087" data-work_id="76112087" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76112087/The_Wheel_Rail_Contact_Problem_in_Vehicle_Dynamic_Simulation_Modeling_of_Train_Turnout_Interaction">The Wheel-Rail Contact Problem in Vehicle Dynamic Simulation: Modeling of Train-Turnout Interaction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">One of the major costs incurred by railway companies is the maintenance of turnouts.This situation occurs because the large dynamic forces between the wheels of a train and the rails of a turnout cause excessive wear, rolling contact... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76112087" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">One of the major costs incurred by railway companies is the maintenance of turnouts.This situation occurs because the large dynamic forces between the wheels of a train and the rails of a turnout cause excessive wear, rolling contact fatigue and rapid degradation of other components. A thorough understanding of the dynamic interaction between a train and a turnout could lead to a better design of the corresponding vehicle/track or of the damage mechanisms and subsequently to a smarter maintenance planning. Such an insight can be obtained through a detailed model of the train-turnout interaction. Such models exist in the literature for vehicle-track interaction, but they have some shortcomings when it comes to train-turnout interaction. This leads to the following research questions: 1. How to model the wheel rail contact? In this thesis different models are presented for the search of the contact location as well as for the normal and the tangential contact problem. Especially the r...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76112087" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e5acae03ca93a1f5e58607f3906582c6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:83785845,&quot;asset_id&quot;:76112087,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;always_allow_download&quot;:false,&quot;track&quot;:null,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;work_strip&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:null,&quot;hide_modal&quot;:null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83785845/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NDIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by&nbsp;<span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="53400244" href="https://tudelft.academia.edu/NicoBurgelman">Nico Burgelman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="53400244" type="text/json">{"id":53400244,"first_name":"Nico","last_name":"Burgelman","domain_name":"tudelft","page_name":"NicoBurgelman","display_name":"Nico Burgelman","profile_url":"https://tudelft.academia.edu/NicoBurgelman?f_ri=48","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76112087 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76112087"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76112087, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76112087", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76112087]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76112087").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76112087").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76112087"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>,&nbsp;<script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=48","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3169" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Railway_Transport">Railway Transport</a>,&nbsp;<script data-card-contents-for-ri="3169" type="text/json">{"id":3169,"name":"Railway Transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Railway_Transport?f_ri=48","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8050" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vehicle_Dynamics">Vehicle Dynamics</a>,&nbsp;<script data-card-contents-for-ri="8050" type="text/json">{"id":8050,"name":"Vehicle Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vehicle_Dynamics?f_ri=48","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23005" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contact_Mechanics">Contact Mechanics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23005" type="text/json">{"id":23005,"name":"Contact Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contact_Mechanics?f_ri=48","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76112087]'), work: {"id":76112087,"title":"The Wheel-Rail Contact Problem in Vehicle Dynamic Simulation: Modeling of Train-Turnout Interaction","created_at":"2022-04-11T05:45:01.874-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76112087/The_Wheel_Rail_Contact_Problem_in_Vehicle_Dynamic_Simulation_Modeling_of_Train_Turnout_Interaction?f_ri=48","dom_id":"work_76112087","summary":"One of the major costs incurred by railway companies is the maintenance of turnouts.This situation occurs because the large dynamic forces between the wheels of a train and the rails of a turnout cause excessive wear, rolling contact fatigue and rapid degradation of other components. A thorough understanding of the dynamic interaction between a train and a turnout could lead to a better design of the corresponding vehicle/track or of the damage mechanisms and subsequently to a smarter maintenance planning. Such an insight can be obtained through a detailed model of the train-turnout interaction. Such models exist in the literature for vehicle-track interaction, but they have some shortcomings when it comes to train-turnout interaction. This leads to the following research questions: 1. How to model the wheel rail contact? In this thesis different models are presented for the search of the contact location as well as for the normal and the tangential contact problem. Especially the r...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83785845,"asset_id":76112087,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":53400244,"first_name":"Nico","last_name":"Burgelman","domain_name":"tudelft","page_name":"NicoBurgelman","display_name":"Nico Burgelman","profile_url":"https://tudelft.academia.edu/NicoBurgelman?f_ri=48","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=48","nofollow":false},{"id":3169,"name":"Railway Transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Railway_Transport?f_ri=48","nofollow":false},{"id":8050,"name":"Vehicle Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vehicle_Dynamics?f_ri=48","nofollow":false},{"id":23005,"name":"Contact Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contact_Mechanics?f_ri=48","nofollow":false},{"id":111001,"name":"Lubrication and Friction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lubrication_and_Friction?f_ri=48"},{"id":118641,"name":"Multibody Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multibody_Dynamics?f_ri=48"},{"id":263875,"name":"Railway Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Railway_Engineering?f_ri=48"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1165002" data-work_id="1165002" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1165002/Effluents_with_soluble_metabolites_generated_from_acidogenic_and_methanogenic_processes_as_substrate_for_additional_hydrogen_production_through_photo_biological_">Effluents with soluble metabolites generated from acidogenic and methanogenic processes as substrate for additional hydrogen production through photo-biological …</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1165002" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="76bab34770398d09bb2987ff6499bdcd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:51079835,&quot;asset_id&quot;:1165002,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;always_allow_download&quot;:false,&quot;track&quot;:null,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;work_strip&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:null,&quot;hide_modal&quot;:null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen 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Review</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Waste management has become an issue of increasing concern worldwide. These products are filling landfills and reducing the amount of livable space. Leachate produced from landfills contaminates the surrounding environment. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73796473" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Waste management has become an issue of increasing concern worldwide. These products are filling landfills and reducing the amount of livable space. Leachate produced from landfills contaminates the surrounding environment. The conventional incineration process releases toxic airborne fumes into the atmosphere. Researchers are working continuously to explore sustainable ways to manage and recycle waste materials. Recycling and reuse are the most efficient methods in waste management. The pavement industry is one promising sector, as different sorts of waste are being recycled into asphalt concrete and bitumen. This paper provides an overview of some promising waste products like high-density polyethylene, marble quarry waste, building demolition waste, ground tire rubber, cooking oil, palm oil fuel ash, coconut, sisal, cellulose and polyester fiber, starch, plastic bottles, waste glass, waste brick, waste ceramic, waste fly ash, and cigarette butts, and their use in asphalt concrete...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73796473" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="333dc176e8f7255f47ebeb0af49e71ab" rel="nofollow" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:82178699,&quot;asset_id&quot;:73796473,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;always_allow_download&quot;:false,&quot;track&quot;:null,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;work_strip&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:null,&quot;hide_modal&quot;:null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82178699/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NDIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by&nbsp;<span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="166056142" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TareqRahman34">Tareq Rahman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="166056142" type="text/json">{"id":166056142,"first_name":"Tareq","last_name":"Rahman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TareqRahman34","display_name":"Tareq Rahman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TareqRahman34?f_ri=48","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/166056142/86389100/75053059/s65_tareq.rahman.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73796473 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73796473"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73796473, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73796473", }); 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This paper provides an overview of some promising waste products like high-density polyethylene, marble quarry waste, building demolition waste, ground tire rubber, cooking oil, palm oil fuel ash, coconut, sisal, cellulose and polyester fiber, starch, plastic bottles, waste glass, waste brick, waste ceramic, waste fly ash, and cigarette butts, and their use in asphalt concrete...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82178699,"asset_id":73796473,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":166056142,"first_name":"Tareq","last_name":"Rahman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TareqRahman34","display_name":"Tareq 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href="https://www.academia.edu/13686558/A_visual_indication_of_environmental_humidity_using_a_color_changing_hologram_recorded_in_a_self_developing_photopolymer">A visual indication of environmental humidity using a color changing hologram recorded in a self-developing photopolymer</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13686558" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fc7b8ddaf0e888a532f0611f2582ebd9" rel="nofollow" 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Methacrylates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymethyl_Methacrylates?f_ri=48"},{"id":892969,"name":"Materials Testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Testing?f_ri=48"},{"id":1557306,"name":"Resin Cements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resin_Cements?f_ri=48"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65083335" data-work_id="65083335" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65083335/Ontology_Based_Model_for_Production_Control_Systems_Interoperability">Ontology-Based Model for Production-Control Systems Interoperability</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">One of the emerging control problem in manufacturing systems is the ―information interoperability (I 2 )‖ problem: information is required to be coherent and congruent with the specific use, particularly in interfacing manufacturing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65083335" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">One of the emerging control problem in manufacturing systems is the ―information interoperability (I 2 )‖ problem: information is required to be coherent and congruent with the specific use, particularly in interfacing manufacturing processes, at any stage of the product lifecycle management. Lack of comprehension, misunderstandings as well as redundant activities are typically signs of I 2 problems. Standardisation initiatives, in the frame of ISO and IEC (IEC 62264), try to answer these problems by specifying the information related to products, manufacturing resources and processes. These represent the most assessed corpus of knowledge for business to manufacturing (B2M) applications interoperability, available so far for studying and solving the I 2 issues. This paper tries to trace a path for studying the I 2 problems in production-control systems, by a formalisation procedure to build an ontology-based model, based on the IEC 62264 standard.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65083335" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3b575cb44fd81766e7f43dcf4252d5d5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:76825367,&quot;asset_id&quot;:65083335,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;always_allow_download&quot;:false,&quot;track&quot;:null,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;work_strip&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:null,&quot;hide_modal&quot;:null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76825367/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NDIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by&nbsp;<span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="120625" href="https://poliba.academia.edu/MicheleDASSISTI">Michele DASSISTI</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="120625" type="text/json">{"id":120625,"first_name":"Michele","last_name":"DASSISTI","domain_name":"poliba","page_name":"MicheleDASSISTI","display_name":"Michele DASSISTI","profile_url":"https://poliba.academia.edu/MicheleDASSISTI?f_ri=48","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/120625/32390/29767/s65_michele.dassisti.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65083335 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65083335"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65083335, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65083335", }); 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This is largely due to poor and outdated pre-harvest and post-harvest farming practices. The land fallow system is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71563787" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Agriculture employs about three-quarter of Nigeria&amp;#39;s workforce and yet food sufficiency is a challenge in the country. This is largely due to poor and outdated pre-harvest and post-harvest farming practices. The land fallow system is still been practised as fertiliser production in the country is grossly inadequate and expensive. The few available post-harvest processing facilities are faced with ageing and are inefficient. Also, use of modern processing equipment is limited by farmers&amp;#39; lack of fund, adequate capacity to operate and maintain modern farming equipment. This paper, therefore, examines key barriers to agricultural products processing equipment in the country. These barriers include over-dependence on foreign technologies and expertise; poor and inadequate manufacturing infrastructure; and lack of political will by political leaders; lack of funds; and lack of adequate technical skills. This paper, however, sees the increase in the domestic manufacturing of pre-h...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71563787" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="361a75dda828f8773c1e065ebebc689c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:80853549,&quot;asset_id&quot;:71563787,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;always_allow_download&quot;:false,&quot;track&quot;:null,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;work_strip&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:null,&quot;hide_modal&quot;:null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80853549/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NDIzNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by&nbsp;<span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20855275" href="https://ukzn.academia.edu/WilliamsEbhota">Williams Ebhota</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20855275" type="text/json">{"id":20855275,"first_name":"Williams","last_name":"Ebhota","domain_name":"ukzn","page_name":"WilliamsEbhota","display_name":"Williams Ebhota","profile_url":"https://ukzn.academia.edu/WilliamsEbhota?f_ri=48","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20855275/14399349/15314579/s65_williams.ebhota.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71563787 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71563787"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71563787, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71563787", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_71563787 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71563787; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_71563787"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_71563787 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71563787"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71563787; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71563787]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71563787").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71563787").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71563787"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=48","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71563787]'), work: {"id":71563787,"title":"Reverse Engineering of Agricultural Machinery: A Key to Food Sufficiency in Nigeria","created_at":"2022-02-14T23:36:11.910-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71563787/Reverse_Engineering_of_Agricultural_Machinery_A_Key_to_Food_Sufficiency_in_Nigeria?f_ri=48","dom_id":"work_71563787","summary":"Agriculture employs about three-quarter of Nigeria\u0026#39;s workforce and yet food sufficiency is a challenge in the country. This is largely due to poor and outdated pre-harvest and post-harvest farming practices. The land fallow system is still been practised as fertiliser production in the country is grossly inadequate and expensive. The few available post-harvest processing facilities are faced with ageing and are inefficient. Also, use of modern processing equipment is limited by farmers\u0026#39; lack of fund, adequate capacity to operate and maintain modern farming equipment. This paper, therefore, examines key barriers to agricultural products processing equipment in the country. These barriers include over-dependence on foreign technologies and expertise; poor and inadequate manufacturing infrastructure; and lack of political will by political leaders; lack of funds; and lack of adequate technical skills. 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