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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-history_and_pre-classical_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-history_and_pre-classical_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Pre-history and pre-classical era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-history_and_pre-classical_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erebuni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erebuni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Erebuni </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erebuni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Median_and_Achaemenid_rules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Median_and_Achaemenid_rules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Median and Achaemenid rules </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Median_and_Achaemenid_rules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_Kingdom_of_Armenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Kingdom_of_Armenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Ancient Kingdom of Armenia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Kingdom_of_Armenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sasanian_and_Roman_periods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sasanian_and_Roman_periods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Sasanian and Roman periods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sasanian_and_Roman_periods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arab_Islamic_invasion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab_Islamic_invasion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Arab Islamic invasion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arab_Islamic_invasion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bagratid_Armenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bagratid_Armenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Bagratid Armenia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bagratid_Armenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seljuk_period,_Zakarid_Armenia_and_Mongol_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seljuk_period,_Zakarid_Armenia_and_Mongol_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Seljuk period, Zakarid Armenia and Mongol rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seljuk_period,_Zakarid_Armenia_and_Mongol_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aq_Qoyunlu_and_Kara_Koyunlu_tribes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aq_Qoyunlu_and_Kara_Koyunlu_tribes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Aq Qoyunlu and Kara Koyunlu tribes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aq_Qoyunlu_and_Kara_Koyunlu_tribes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iranian_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iranian_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 Iranian rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iranian_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.11 Russian rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brief_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brief_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.12 Brief independence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brief_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soviet_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.13 Soviet rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.14 Post-independence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topography_and_cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography_and_cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Topography and cityscape </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography_and_cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Parks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_and_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_and_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Politics and government </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics_and_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Politics and government subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Politics_and_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Capital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Capital </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Municipality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Administrative districts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Ethnic groups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Armenian_Apostolic_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenian_Apostolic_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Armenian Apostolic Church </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenian_Apostolic_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_Orthodox_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_Orthodox_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.2 Russian Orthodox Church </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_Orthodox_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.3 Other religions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_and_medical_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_and_medical_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Health and medical care </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_and_medical_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Museums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Libraries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Art </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3.1 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3.2 Dance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3.3 Theatre </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3.4 Cinema </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Festivals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Monuments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6.1 Historic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6.2 Contemporary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Transportation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transportation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Air </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_buses,_public_vans_and_trolleybuses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_buses,_public_vans_and_trolleybuses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 City buses, public vans and trolleybuses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_buses,_public_vans_and_trolleybuses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Underground" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Underground"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Underground </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Underground-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Railway </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Taxi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy_and_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy_and_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Economy and services </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy_and_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy and services subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy_and_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Industry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finance_and_banking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finance_and_banking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Finance and banking </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finance_and_banking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Construction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 Energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism_and_nightlife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism_and_nightlife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.5 Tourism and nightlife </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism_and_nightlife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Science_and_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Science and research </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Sport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Football </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chess" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chess"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Chess </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chess-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basketball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basketball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Basketball </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basketball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tennis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tennis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.4 Tennis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tennis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artistic_gymnastics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artistic_gymnastics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.5 Artistic gymnastics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artistic_gymnastics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.6 Other sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 International relations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle International relations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Twin towns – sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partnerships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnerships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Partnerships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnerships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Yerevan</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 183 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-183" aria-hidden="true" > 183 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A8r%C3%A8van" title="Yèrèvan – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Yèrèvan" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerewan" title="Jerewan – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jerewan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%AC%E1%88%AC%E1%89%AB%E1%8A%95" title="ዬሬቫን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዬሬቫን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erefan" title="Erefan – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Erefan" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86" title="يريفان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يريفان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erevan" title="Erevan – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Erevan" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Երեւան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Երեւան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88r%C3%A8van" title="Èrèvan – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Èrèvan" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerev%C3%A1n" title="Yereván – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Yereván" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="येरेवन – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="येरेवन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0r%C9%99van" title="İrəvan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İrəvan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایروان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایروان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ইয়েরেভান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইয়েরেভান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ерэван – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ерэван" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ерэван – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ерэван" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཡེ་རེ་ཝན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཡེ་རེ་ཝན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerevan" title="Jerevan – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jerevan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erevan" title="Erevan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Erevan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan_(lalawigan)" title="Yerevan (lalawigan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Yerevan (lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerevan" title="Jerevan – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jerevan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerevan" title="Jerevan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jerevan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerewan" title="Jerewan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jerewan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3k%CA%BC%C4%85%CC%81%C4%85%CC%81s%CA%BC%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Hókʼą́ą́sʼání – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Hókʼą́ą́sʼání" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerevan" title="Jerevan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jerevan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Γερεβάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γερεβάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Ереван ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ереван ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erev%C3%A1n" title="Ereván – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ereván" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erevano" title="Erevano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Erevano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erevan" title="Erevan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erevan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایروان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایروان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerevan" title="Jerevan – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jerevan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erevan" title="Erevan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Erevan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerevan" title="Jerevan – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jerevan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eireav%C3%A1n" title="Eireaván – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eireaván" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erivan" title="Erivan – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Erivan" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierev%C3%A1n" title="Iereván – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Iereván" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8D%88%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD" title="𐌴𐍂𐌴𐍈𐌰𐌽 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌴𐍂𐌴𐍈𐌰𐌽" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%88%EB%A0%88%EB%B0%98" title="예레반 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="예레반" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helewan" title="Helewan – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Helewan" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Երևան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երևան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="येरवान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="येरवान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerjewan" title="Jerjewan – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Jerjewan" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erevan" title="Erevan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Erevan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerevan" title="Jerevan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jerevan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erevan" title="Erevan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Erevan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F" title="ירוואן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ירוואן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಯೆರೆವಾನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಯೆರೆವಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ერევანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ერევანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erev%C3%A0n" title="Erevàn – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Erevàn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ar%C3%AEvan" title="Êrîvan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Êrîvan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djerevan" title="Djerevan – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Djerevan" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erivanum" title="Erivanum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Erivanum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erev%C4%81na" title="Erevāna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Erevāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriwan" title="Eriwan – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Eriwan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerevanas" title="Jerevanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jerevanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erevan" title="Erevan – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Erevan" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerevan" title="Jerevan – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Jerevan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierevan" title="Ierevan – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ierevan" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerevanu" title="Jerevanu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Jerevanu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erevan" title="Erevan – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Erevan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerev%C3%A1n" title="Jereván – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jereván" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="യെറിവാൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യെറിവാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="येरेव्हान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="येरेव्हान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ერევანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ერევანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="يريفيان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يريفيان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ایروان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایروان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯌꯦꯔꯦꯚꯥꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯌꯦꯔꯦꯚꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerevan" title="Jerevan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jerevan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="येरेभान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="येरेभान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AC%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3" title="エレバン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エレバン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerewan" title="Jerewan – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jerewan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerevan" title="Jerevan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jerevan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerevan" title="Jerevan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jerevan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erevan" title="Erevan – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Erevan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਯੇਰਵਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯੇਰਵਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یریوان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یریوان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erevan" title="Erevan – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Erevan" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erywa%C5%84" title="Erywań – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Erywań" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erev%C3%A3" title="Erevã – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Erevã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erevan" title="Erevan – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Erevan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erevan" title="Erevan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Erevan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="येरेवान – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="येरेवान" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱭᱮᱨᱮᱵᱷᱟᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱭᱮᱨᱮᱵᱷᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erevan" title="Erevan – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Erevan" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerevani" title="Jerevani – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jerevani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erevan" title="Erevan – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Erevan" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="يريوان – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="يريوان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerevan" title="Jerevan – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jerevan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erevan" title="Erevan – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Erevan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erywa%C5%84" title="Erywań – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Erywań" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یەریڤان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یەریڤان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Јереван – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јереван" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erevan" title="Erevan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Erevan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A9r%C3%A9van" title="Yérévan – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Yérévan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerevan" title="Jerevan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jerevan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerevan" title="Jerevan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jerevan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ereban" title="Ereban – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ereban" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="யெரெவான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யெரெவான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erevan" title="Erevan – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Erevan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="యెరెవాన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="యెరెవాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="เยเรวาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เยเรวาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erivan" title="Erivan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Erivan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Derewan" title="Ýerewan – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ýerewan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%CE%B5r%CE%B5wan" title="Eεrεwan – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Eεrεwan" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ереван – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ереван" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Єреван – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Єреван" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یریوان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یریوان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%DB%90%D8%B1%DB%90%DB%8B%D8%A7%D9%86" title="يېرېۋان – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يېرېۋان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88rivan" title="Èrivan – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Èrivan" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerevan" title="Jerevan – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Jerevan" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerevan" title="Jerevan – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Jerevan" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E6%BA%AB" title="埃里溫 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="埃里溫" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E6%B8%A9" title="埃里温 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="埃里温" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F" title="יערעוואן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יערעוואן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E6%BA%AB" title="埃里溫 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="埃里溫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yer%C3%AAvan" title="Yerêvan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Yerêvan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerevan" title="Jerevan – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Jerevan" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerevans" title="Jerevans – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Jerevans" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%89%E9%87%8C%E6%BA%AB" title="葉里溫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="葉里溫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Yerevan" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" 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(disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital and largest city of Armenia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Yerevan" title="Special:EditPage/Yerevan">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Yerevan%22">"Yerevan"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Yerevan%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Yerevan%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Yerevan%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Yerevan%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Yerevan%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (June 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city in Armenia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Yerevan</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="hy">Երևան</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:192px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Ararat_and_the_Yerevan_skyline_(June_2018).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Yerevan skyline" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Mount_Ararat_and_the_Yerevan_skyline_%28June_2018%29.jpg/288px-Mount_Ararat_and_the_Yerevan_skyline_%28June_2018%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Mount_Ararat_and_the_Yerevan_skyline_%28June_2018%29.jpg/432px-Mount_Ararat_and_the_Yerevan_skyline_%28June_2018%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Mount_Ararat_and_the_Yerevan_skyline_%28June_2018%29.jpg/576px-Mount_Ararat_and_the_Yerevan_skyline_%28June_2018%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center">Yerevan skyline with <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ararat" title="Mount Ararat">Mount Ararat</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:91px;max-width:91px"><div style="height:66px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Karen_Demirchyan_Sports_and_Concerts_Complex_shot_from_air,_May_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Karen Demirchayn Complex" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Karen_Demirchyan_Sports_and_Concerts_Complex_shot_from_air%2C_May_2019.jpg/89px-Karen_Demirchyan_Sports_and_Concerts_Complex_shot_from_air%2C_May_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Karen_Demirchyan_Sports_and_Concerts_Complex_shot_from_air%2C_May_2019.jpg/134px-Karen_Demirchyan_Sports_and_Concerts_Complex_shot_from_air%2C_May_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Karen_Demirchyan_Sports_and_Concerts_Complex_shot_from_air%2C_May_2019.jpg/178px-Karen_Demirchyan_Sports_and_Concerts_Complex_shot_from_air%2C_May_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3992" data-file-height="2992" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Karen_Demirchyan_Complex" title="Karen Demirchyan Complex">Hamalir</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:97px;max-width:97px"><div style="height:66px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedral_of_Yerevan_Armenia_msu-2018-2640.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Saint Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Cathedral_of_Yerevan_Armenia_msu-2018-2640.jpg/95px-Cathedral_of_Yerevan_Armenia_msu-2018-2640.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Cathedral_of_Yerevan_Armenia_msu-2018-2640.jpg/143px-Cathedral_of_Yerevan_Armenia_msu-2018-2640.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Cathedral_of_Yerevan_Armenia_msu-2018-2640.jpg/190px-Cathedral_of_Yerevan_Armenia_msu-2018-2640.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5415" data-file-height="3803" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Gregory_the_Illuminator_Cathedral,_Yerevan" title="Saint Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral, Yerevan">Cathedral</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:98px;max-width:98px"><div style="height:66px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Exterior_of_Opera_house_of_Yerevan_Armenia_msu-2018-2434.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Yerevan Opera Theatre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Exterior_of_Opera_house_of_Yerevan_Armenia_msu-2018-2434.jpg/96px-Exterior_of_Opera_house_of_Yerevan_Armenia_msu-2018-2434.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Exterior_of_Opera_house_of_Yerevan_Armenia_msu-2018-2434.jpg/144px-Exterior_of_Opera_house_of_Yerevan_Armenia_msu-2018-2434.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Exterior_of_Opera_house_of_Yerevan_Armenia_msu-2018-2434.jpg/192px-Exterior_of_Opera_house_of_Yerevan_Armenia_msu-2018-2434.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4701" data-file-height="3264" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Opera_Theatre" title="Yerevan Opera Theatre">Opera Theatre </a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:88px;max-width:88px"><div style="height:64px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Yerevan_Cascade_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Yerevan Cascade" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Yerevan_Cascade_%2802%29.jpg/86px-Yerevan_Cascade_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Yerevan_Cascade_%2802%29.jpg/129px-Yerevan_Cascade_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Yerevan_Cascade_%2802%29.jpg/172px-Yerevan_Cascade_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Cascade" title="Yerevan Cascade">Cascade</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:99px;max-width:99px"><div style="height:64px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_Erywa%C5%84,_Erebuni,_Muzeum_Erebuni,_Budynek_muzeum_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Erebuni Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Erebuni%2C_Muzeum_Erebuni%2C_Budynek_muzeum_%2802%29.jpg/97px-2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Erebuni%2C_Muzeum_Erebuni%2C_Budynek_muzeum_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Erebuni%2C_Muzeum_Erebuni%2C_Budynek_muzeum_%2802%29.jpg/146px-2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Erebuni%2C_Muzeum_Erebuni%2C_Budynek_muzeum_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Erebuni%2C_Muzeum_Erebuni%2C_Budynek_muzeum_%2802%29.jpg/194px-2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Erebuni%2C_Muzeum_Erebuni%2C_Budynek_muzeum_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3556" data-file-height="2370" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Erebuni_Museum" title="Erebuni Museum">Erebuni</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:99px;max-width:99px"><div style="height:64px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Armenian ministry of foreign affairs building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84_%281%29.jpg/97px-%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84_%281%29.jpg/146px-%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84_%281%29.jpg/194px-%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5315" data-file-height="3543" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center">Armenian <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Armenia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Armenia)">MFA</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Genocide_Memorial_complex_from_air_on_a_sunny_day,_September_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Armenian Genocide Memorial" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Genocide_Memorial_complex_from_air_on_a_sunny_day%2C_September_2017.jpg/134px-Genocide_Memorial_complex_from_air_on_a_sunny_day%2C_September_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Genocide_Memorial_complex_from_air_on_a_sunny_day%2C_September_2017.jpg/201px-Genocide_Memorial_complex_from_air_on_a_sunny_day%2C_September_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Genocide_Memorial_complex_from_air_on_a_sunny_day%2C_September_2017.jpg/268px-Genocide_Memorial_complex_from_air_on_a_sunny_day%2C_September_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3477" data-file-height="2597" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Tsitsernakaberd" title="Tsitsernakaberd">Tsitsernakaberd</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Matenadaran_aerial_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Matenadaran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Matenadaran_aerial_2023.jpg/150px-Matenadaran_aerial_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Matenadaran_aerial_2023.jpg/225px-Matenadaran_aerial_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Matenadaran_aerial_2023.jpg/300px-Matenadaran_aerial_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2892" data-file-height="1928" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Matenadaran" title="Matenadaran">Matenadaran</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:131px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Republic Square at night" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF.jpg/288px-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF.jpg/432px-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF.jpg/576px-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="1595" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Republic_Square,_Yerevan" title="Republic Square, Yerevan">Republic Square</a> and <a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Yerevan" title="Government House, Yerevan">Government House</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yerevan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Yerevan"><img alt="Flag of Yerevan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Yerevan.svg/100px-Flag_of_Yerevan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Yerevan.svg/150px-Flag_of_Yerevan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Yerevan.svg/200px-Flag_of_Yerevan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="750" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Yerevan" title="Flag of Yerevan">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_%D0%B0rms_of_Yerevan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Yerevan"><img alt="Official seal of Yerevan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Coat_of_%D0%B0rms_of_Yerevan.svg/80px-Coat_of_%D0%B0rms_of_Yerevan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Coat_of_%D0%B0rms_of_Yerevan.svg/120px-Coat_of_%D0%B0rms_of_Yerevan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Coat_of_%D0%B0rms_of_Yerevan.svg/160px-Coat_of_%D0%B0rms_of_Yerevan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="941" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Yerevan" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of Yerevan">Seal</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">"The Pink City",<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[a]</a> "Mother City"<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[b]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Armenia.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Yerevan is located in Armenia"><img alt="Yerevan is located in Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Relief_Map_of_Armenia.png/250px-Relief_Map_of_Armenia.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Relief_Map_of_Armenia.png/375px-Relief_Map_of_Armenia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Relief_Map_of_Armenia.png/500px-Relief_Map_of_Armenia.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1024" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.87%;left:33.771%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Yerevan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Yerevan</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Yerevan in Armenia</div>Show map of Armenia</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Caucasus_topo_map-blank.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yerevan is located in Caucasus Mountains"><img alt="Yerevan is located in Caucasus Mountains" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Caucasus_topo_map-blank.svg/250px-Caucasus_topo_map-blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Caucasus_topo_map-blank.svg/375px-Caucasus_topo_map-blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Caucasus_topo_map-blank.svg/500px-Caucasus_topo_map-blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="898" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:72.004%;left:43.501%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Yerevan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Yerevan</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yerevan (Caucasus Mountains)</div>Show map of Caucasus Mountains</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Asia_physical_(continental).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Yerevan is located in Continental Asia"><img alt="Yerevan is located in Continental Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png/250px-Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png/375px-Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png/500px-Map_Asia_physical_%28continental%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3196" data-file-height="1840" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.932%;left:18.239%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Yerevan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Yerevan</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yerevan (Continental Asia)</div>Show map of Continental Asia</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yerevan is located in Europe"><img alt="Yerevan is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/250px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/375px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/500px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1351" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.704%;left:94.889%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Yerevan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Yerevan</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yerevan (Europe)</div>Show map of Europe</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Yerevan&params=40_10_53_N_44_30_52_E_region:AM_type:city(1086677)">40°10′53″N 44°30′52″E / 40.18139°N 44.51444°E / 40.18139; 44.51444</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled (<a href="/wiki/Shengavit_Settlement" class="mw-redirect" title="Shengavit Settlement">Shengavit</a>)<a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 3300 BC<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded as Erebuni by <a href="/wiki/Argishti_I_of_Urartu" title="Argishti I of Urartu">Argishti I of Urartu</a></th><td class="infobox-data">782 BC</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City status by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia" title="Alexander II of Russia">Alexander II</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 October 1879<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital of Armenia</th><td class="infobox-data">19 July 1918 (de facto)<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Yerevan" title="Districts of Yerevan">Administrative Districts</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_City_Council" title="Yerevan City Council">City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Yerevan" title="Mayor of Yerevan">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tigran_Avinyan" title="Tigran Avinyan">Tigran Avinyan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">223 km2 (86 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,390 m (4,560 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">865 m (2,838 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2022 census)<a href="#cite_note-2022_Census-19">[17]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,086,677</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,900/km2 (13,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2001 estimate)<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,420,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Yerevantsi(s),<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> Yerevanite(s)<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP <a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_dram" title="Armenian dram">֏</a> 3,032 billion (<a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 6.286 billion) · <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Armenia#Regional_GDP" title="Economy of Armenia">1st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">֏ 2,816,433 (US$ 5,838) · <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Armenia#Regional_GDP" title="Economy of Armenia">1st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B04:00" title="UTC+04:00">UTC+04:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Armenia_Time" title="Armenia Time">AMT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+374 10</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">International airport</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zvartnots_International_Airport" title="Zvartnots International Airport">Zvartnots International Airport</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2022)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.821<a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-26">[24]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>very high · <a href="/wiki/List_of_Armenian_provinces_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Armenian provinces by Human Development Index">1st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yerevan.am/">www.yerevan.am</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Yerevan (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌjɛrəˈvæn/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">YERR-ə-VAN</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-ˈvɑːn/</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">-⁠VAHN</a>; <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: Երևան<a href="#cite_note-28">[c]</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Armenian" title="Help:IPA/Armenian">[jɛɾɛˈvɑn]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f4\/Audio_Yerewan.ogg\/Audio_Yerewan.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Audio Yerewan.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/Audio_Yerewan.ogg/Audio_Yerewan.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Audio_Yerewan.ogg" title="File:Audio Yerewan.ogg">ⓘ</a>; sometimes spelled Erevan)<a href="#cite_note-31">[d]</a> is the capital and largest city of <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, as well as one of the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_continuously_inhabited_cities" title="List of oldest continuously inhabited cities">oldest continuously inhabited cities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[28]</a> Situated along the <a href="/wiki/Hrazdan_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrazdan River">Hrazdan River</a>, Yerevan is the administrative, cultural, and industrial center of the country, as its <a href="/wiki/Primate_city" title="Primate city">primate city</a>. It has been the <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_Armenia" title="Historical capitals of Armenia">capital</a> since 1918, the <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_Armenia" title="Historical capitals of Armenia">fourteenth in the history of Armenia</a> and the seventh located in or around the <a href="/wiki/Ararat_Plain" title="Ararat Plain">Ararat Plain</a>. The city also serves as the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Araratian_Pontifical_Diocese" title="Araratian Pontifical Diocese">Araratian Pontifical Diocese</a>, which is the largest diocese of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a> and one of the oldest dioceses in the world.<a href="#cite_note-araratian-tem1-33">[29]</a> The history of Yerevan dates back to the 8th century BC, with the founding of the fortress of <a href="/wiki/Erebuni_Fortress" title="Erebuni Fortress">Erebuni</a> in 782 BC by King <a href="/wiki/Argishti_I_of_Urartu" title="Argishti I of Urartu">Argishti I</a> of <a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu</a> at the western extreme of the Ararat Plain.<a href="#cite_note-34">[30]</a> Erebuni was "designed as a great administrative and religious centre, a fully royal capital."<a href="#cite_note-Barnett-35">[31]</a> By the late <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">ancient Armenian Kingdom</a>, new capital cities were established and Yerevan declined in importance. The city was mostly depopulated by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Surgun" title="Great Surgun">Great Surgun</a> of 1603–05, when the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid Empire</a> forcibly deported hundreds of thousands of Armenians to Iran. In 1679, the city was mostly destroyed by an <a href="/wiki/1679_Armenia_earthquake" title="1679 Armenia earthquake">earthquake</a>, and then rebuilt on a smaller scale. In 1828, Yerevan became part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, which led to the repatriation of Armenians whose ancestors had been forcibly relocated in the 17th century. After <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Yerevan became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/First_Republic_of_Armenia" title="First Republic of Armenia">First Republic of Armenia</a> as thousands of <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide_survivors" title="Armenian genocide survivors">survivors</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> arrived in the area.<a href="#cite_note-36">[32]</a> The city expanded rapidly during the 20th century while <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic">Armenia</a> was a part of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. In a few decades, Yerevan was transformed from a provincial town within the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> to Armenia's principal cultural, artistic, and industrial center, as well as becoming the seat of national government. With the growth of the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Armenia" title="Economy of Armenia">Armenian economy</a>, Yerevan has undergone major transformation. Much construction has been done throughout the city since the early 2000s, and retail outlets such as restaurants, shops, and street cafés, which were rare during Soviet times, have multiplied. As of 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yerevan&action=edit">[update]</a>, the population of Yerevan was 1,060,138, just over 35% of Armenia's total population. By 2022, the population further increased to 1,086,677.<a href="#cite_note-2022_Census-19">[17]</a> Yerevan was named the 2012 <a href="/wiki/World_Book_Capital" title="World Book Capital">World Book Capital</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UN_News_Centre-37">[33]</a> Yerevan is an associate member of <a href="/wiki/Eurocities" title="Eurocities">Eurocities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[34]</a> Of the notable landmarks of Yerevan, <a href="/wiki/Erebuni_Fortress" title="Erebuni Fortress">Erebuni Fortress</a> is considered to be the birthplace of the city, the <a href="/wiki/Katoghike_Tsiranavor_Church_of_Avan" class="mw-redirect" title="Katoghike Tsiranavor Church of Avan">Katoghike Tsiranavor</a> church is the oldest surviving church of Yerevan, and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Gregory_the_Illuminator_Cathedral,_Yerevan" title="Saint Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral, Yerevan">Saint Gregory Cathedral</a> is the largest Armenian cathedral in the world. <a href="/wiki/Tsitsernakaberd" title="Tsitsernakaberd">Tsitsernakaberd</a> is the official memorial to the victims of the Armenian genocide. The city is home to several opera houses, theatres, museums, libraries, and other cultural institutions. <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Opera_Theatre" title="Yerevan Opera Theatre">Yerevan Opera Theatre</a> is the main spectacle hall of the Armenian capital, the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Armenia" title="National Gallery of Armenia">National Gallery of Armenia</a> is the largest art museum in Armenia and shares a building with the <a href="/wiki/History_Museum_of_Armenia" title="History Museum of Armenia">History Museum of Armenia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Matenadaran" title="Matenadaran">Matenadaran</a> contains one of the largest depositories of ancient books and manuscripts in the world. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erevan_-_La_forterese_d%27Erebouni_07.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Erevan_-_La_forterese_d%27Erebouni_07.JPG/220px-Erevan_-_La_forterese_d%27Erebouni_07.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Erevan_-_La_forterese_d%27Erebouni_07.JPG/330px-Erevan_-_La_forterese_d%27Erebouni_07.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Erevan_-_La_forterese_d%27Erebouni_07.JPG/440px-Erevan_-_La_forterese_d%27Erebouni_07.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The "birth certificate" of Yerevan at the <a href="/wiki/Erebuni_Fortress" title="Erebuni Fortress">Erebuni Fortress</a>—a <a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">cuneiform</a> inscription left by King <a href="/wiki/Argishti_I_of_Urartu" title="Argishti I of Urartu">Argishti I of Urartu</a> on a basalt stone slab about the foundation of the city in 782 BCE</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tsaghkadzor,_Kecharis,_S._Nshan,_timpano_(Yerevan_in_inscription).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tsaghkadzor%2C_Kecharis%2C_S._Nshan%2C_timpano_%28Yerevan_in_inscription%29.jpg/220px-Tsaghkadzor%2C_Kecharis%2C_S._Nshan%2C_timpano_%28Yerevan_in_inscription%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tsaghkadzor%2C_Kecharis%2C_S._Nshan%2C_timpano_%28Yerevan_in_inscription%29.jpg/330px-Tsaghkadzor%2C_Kecharis%2C_S._Nshan%2C_timpano_%28Yerevan_in_inscription%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tsaghkadzor%2C_Kecharis%2C_S._Nshan%2C_timpano_%28Yerevan_in_inscription%29.jpg/440px-Tsaghkadzor%2C_Kecharis%2C_S._Nshan%2C_timpano_%28Yerevan_in_inscription%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption>"YEREVAN" (ԵՐԵՒԱՆ) in an inscription from <a href="/wiki/Kecharis_Monastery" title="Kecharis Monastery">Kecharis</a>, dating back to 1223<a href="#cite_note-39">[35]</a></figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_European_cities_in_different_languages_(U%E2%80%93Z)#Y" title="Names of European cities in different languages (U–Z)">Names of Yerevan in different languages</a></div>The exact origin of the name is unknown. One theory regarding the origin of Yerevan's name is the city was named after the Armenian king, <a href="/wiki/Orontes_IV" title="Orontes IV">Yervand (Orontes) IV</a>, the last ruler of Armenia from the <a href="/wiki/Orontid_dynasty" title="Orontid dynasty">Orontid dynasty</a>, and founder of the city of <a href="/wiki/Yervandashat_(ancient_city)" title="Yervandashat (ancient city)">Yervandashat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SAE-40">[36]</a> However, it is likely that the city's name is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Urartian" class="mw-redirect" title="Urartian">Urartian</a> military fortress of <a href="/wiki/Erebuni_Fortress" title="Erebuni Fortress">Erebuni</a>, which was founded on the territory of modern-day Yerevan in 782 BC by <a href="/wiki/Argishti_I_of_Urartu" title="Argishti I of Urartu">Argishti I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SAE-40">[36]</a> "Erebuni" may derive from the Urartian word for "to take" or "to capture," meaning that the fortress's name could be interpreted as "capture," "conquest," or "victory."<a href="#cite_note-41">[37]</a> As elements of the <a href="/wiki/Urartian_language" title="Urartian language">Urartian language</a> blended with that of the Armenian one, the name eventually evolved into Yerevan (Erebuni = Erevani = Erevan = Yerevan). Scholar Margarit Israelyan notes these changes when comparing inscriptions found on two <a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">cuneiform</a> tablets at Erebuni:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The transcription of the second cuneiform bu [original emphasis] of the word was very essential in our interpretation as it is the Urartaean b that has been shifted to the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> v (b > v). The original writing of the inscription read «er-bu-ni»; therefore the prominent Armenianologist-<a href="/wiki/Oriental_studies" title="Oriental studies">orientalist</a> Prof. G. A. Ghapantsian justly objected, remarking that the Urartu b changed to v at the beginning of the word (Biani > Van) or between two vowels (ebani > avan, Zabaha > <a href="/wiki/Javakhk" class="mw-redirect" title="Javakhk">Javakhk</a>)....In other words b was placed between two vowels. The true pronunciation of the fortress-city was apparently Erebuny.<a href="#cite_note-42">[38]</a></blockquote> Early Christian Armenian chroniclers connected the origin of the city's name to the legend of <a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Noah's Ark</a>. After the ark had landed on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ararat" title="Mount Ararat">Mount Ararat</a> and the flood waters had receded, <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>, while looking in the direction of Yerevan, is said to have exclaimed "Yerevats!" ("it appeared!" in <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>), from which originated the name Yerevan.<a href="#cite_note-SAE-40">[36]</a> In the late medieval and early modern periods, when Yerevan was under Turkic and later Persian rule, the city was known in Persian as Iravân (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: ایروان).<a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[40]</a> The city was officially known as Erivan (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Эривань) under Russian rule during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The city was renamed back to Yerevan (Ереван) in 1936.<a href="#cite_note-45">[41]</a> Up until the mid-1970s the city's name was spelled Erevan more often than Yerevan in English sources.<a href="#cite_note-46">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Ararat_and_the_Yerevan_skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Mount_Ararat_and_the_Yerevan_skyline.jpg/220px-Mount_Ararat_and_the_Yerevan_skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Mount_Ararat_and_the_Yerevan_skyline.jpg/330px-Mount_Ararat_and_the_Yerevan_skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Mount_Ararat_and_the_Yerevan_skyline.jpg/440px-Mount_Ararat_and_the_Yerevan_skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mount_Ararat" title="Mount Ararat">Mount Ararat</a>, the national symbol of Armenia, dominates the Yerevan skyline.<a href="#cite_note-Worldwide_Destinations-48">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[45]</a></figcaption></figure> The principal symbol of Yerevan is Mount Ararat, which is visible from any area in the capital. The <a href="/wiki/Seal_(device)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal (device)">seal</a> of the city is a crowned lion on a pedestal with a shield that has a depiction of Mount Ararat on the upper part and half of an <a href="/wiki/Armenian_eternity_sign" title="Armenian eternity sign">Armenian eternity sign</a> on the bottom part. The emblem is a rectangular <a href="/wiki/Shield" title="Shield">shield</a> with a blue border.<a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a> On 27 September 2004, Yerevan adopted an anthem, "Erebuni-Yerevan", using lyrics written by <a href="/wiki/Paruyr_Sevak" title="Paruyr Sevak">Paruyr Sevak</a> and set to music composed by <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Hovhannisyan" title="Edgar Hovhannisyan">Edgar Hovhannisyan</a>. It was selected in a competition for a new anthem and new flag that would best represent the city. The chosen flag has a white background with the city's seal in the middle, surrounded by twelve small red triangles that symbolize the twelve historic capitals of Armenia. The flag includes the three colours of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Armenia" title="Flag of Armenia">Armenian National flag</a>. The lion is portrayed on the orange background with blue edging.<a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Yerevan" title="History of Yerevan">History of Yerevan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Yerevan" title="Timeline of Yerevan">Timeline of Yerevan</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-history_and_pre-classical_era">Pre-history and pre-classical era</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kura%E2%80%93Araxes_culture" title="Kura–Araxes culture">Kura–Araxes culture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shengavit_Settlement_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Shengavit_Settlement_2.jpg/220px-Shengavit_Settlement_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Shengavit_Settlement_2.jpg/330px-Shengavit_Settlement_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Shengavit_Settlement_2.jpg/440px-Shengavit_Settlement_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3143" data-file-height="2166" /></a><figcaption>Foundations of <a href="/wiki/Shengavit_Settlement" class="mw-redirect" title="Shengavit Settlement">Shengavit historical site</a> (site settled 3200 BC cal to 2500 BC cal) </figcaption></figure> The territory of Yerevan has been inhabited since approximately the 2nd half of the <a href="/wiki/4th_millennium_BC" title="4th millennium BC">4th millennium BC</a>. The southern part of the city currently known as <a href="/wiki/Shengavit_District" title="Shengavit District">Shengavit</a> has been populated since at least 3200 BC, during the period of <a href="/wiki/Kura%E2%80%93Araxes_culture" title="Kura–Araxes culture">Kura–Araxes culture</a> of the early <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>. The first excavations at the <a href="/wiki/Shengavit_Settlement" class="mw-redirect" title="Shengavit Settlement">Shengavit historical site</a> was conducted between 1936 and 1938 under the guidance of archaeologist Yevgeny Bayburdyan. After two decades, archaeologist Sandro Sardarian resumed the excavations starting from 1958 until 1983.<a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a> The 3rd phase of the excavations started in 2000, under the guidance of archaeologist Hakob Simonyan. In 2009, Simonyan was joined by Mitchell S. Rothman from the <a href="/wiki/Widener_University" title="Widener University">Widener University</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. Together they conducted three series of excavations in 2009, 2010, and 2012 respectively.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] During the process, a full stratigraphic column to bedrock was reached, showing there to be 8 or 9 distinct stratigraphic levels. These levels cover a time between 3200 BC and 2500 BC. Evidences of later use of the site, possibly until 2200 BC, were also found. The excavation process revealed a series of large round buildings with square adjoining rooms and minor round buildings. A series of ritual installations was discovered in 2010 and 2012.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erebuni">Erebuni</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Erebuni_Fortress" title="Erebuni Fortress">Erebuni Fortress</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yerevan_-_Armeni%C3%AB_(2901349237).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Yerevan_-_Armeni%C3%AB_%282901349237%29.jpg/370px-Yerevan_-_Armeni%C3%AB_%282901349237%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="370" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Yerevan_-_Armeni%C3%AB_%282901349237%29.jpg/555px-Yerevan_-_Armeni%C3%AB_%282901349237%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Yerevan_-_Armeni%C3%AB_%282901349237%29.jpg/740px-Yerevan_-_Armeni%C3%AB_%282901349237%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2067" /></a><figcaption>Painting showing the founding of Yerevan by <a href="/wiki/Argishti_I_of_Urartu" title="Argishti I of Urartu">Argishti I</a> in 782 BC (<a href="/wiki/Erebuni_Museum" title="Erebuni Museum">Erebuni Museum</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erebuni_Fortress,_Yerevan,_Armenia_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Erebuni_Fortress%2C_Yerevan%2C_Armenia_01.jpg/370px-Erebuni_Fortress%2C_Yerevan%2C_Armenia_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="370" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Erebuni_Fortress%2C_Yerevan%2C_Armenia_01.jpg/555px-Erebuni_Fortress%2C_Yerevan%2C_Armenia_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Erebuni_Fortress%2C_Yerevan%2C_Armenia_01.jpg/740px-Erebuni_Fortress%2C_Yerevan%2C_Armenia_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6155" data-file-height="2193" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Erebuni_Fortress" title="Erebuni Fortress">Erebuni Fortress</a>, founded by King <a href="/wiki/Argishti_I_of_Urartu" title="Argishti I of Urartu">Argishti I</a> in 782 BC</figcaption></figure> The ancient kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu</a> was formed in the 9th century BC by King <a href="/wiki/Arame_of_Urartu" title="Arame of Urartu">Arame</a> in the basin of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Van" title="Lake Van">Lake Van</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Highland" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Highland">Armenian Highland</a>, including the territory of modern-day Yerevan.<a href="#cite_note-53">[49]</a> Archaeological evidence, such as a <a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">cuneiform</a> inscription,<a href="#cite_note-54">[50]</a> indicates that the <a href="/wiki/Urartian" class="mw-redirect" title="Urartian">Urartian</a> military fortress of Erebuni was founded in 782 BC by the orders of King <a href="/wiki/Argishti_I_of_Urartu" title="Argishti I of Urartu">Argishti I</a> at the site of modern-day Yerevan, to serve as a fort and citadel guarding against attacks from the north <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SAE-40">[36]</a> The cuneiform inscription found at Erebuni Fortress reads: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">By the greatness of the God <a href="/wiki/Khaldi_(god)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaldi (god)">Khaldi</a>, Argishti, son of <a href="/wiki/Menuas_of_Urartu" class="mw-redirect" title="Menuas of Urartu">Menua</a>, built this mighty stronghold and proclaimed it Erebuni for the glory of Biainili [Urartu] and to instill fear among the king's enemies. Argishti says, "The land was a desert, before the great works I accomplished upon it. By the greatness of Khaldi, Argishti, son of Menua, is a mighty king, king of Biainili, and ruler of Tushpa."[<a href="/wiki/Van,_Turkey" title="Van, Turkey">Van</a>].<a href="#cite_note-55">[51]</a></blockquote> During the height of the Urartian power, <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> canals and artificial reservoirs were built in Erebuni and its surrounding territories. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karmir_Blur_Town.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Karmir_Blur_Town.JPG/220px-Karmir_Blur_Town.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Karmir_Blur_Town.JPG/330px-Karmir_Blur_Town.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Karmir_Blur_Town.JPG/440px-Karmir_Blur_Town.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Foundations of <a href="/wiki/Teishebaini" title="Teishebaini">Teishebaini</a> building commenced in mid-7th century BC</figcaption></figure> In the mid-7th century BC, the city of <a href="/wiki/Teishebaini" title="Teishebaini">Teishebaini</a> was built by <a href="/wiki/Rusa_II" title="Rusa II">Rusa II</a> of Urartu, around 7 kilometres (4.3 miles) west of Erebuni Fortress.<a href="#cite_note-56">[52]</a> It was fortified on a hill -currently known as Karmir Blur within <a href="/wiki/Shengavit_District" title="Shengavit District">Shengavit District</a> of Yerevan- to protect the eastern borders of Urartu from the barbaric <a href="/wiki/Cimmerians" title="Cimmerians">Cimmerians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a>. During excavations, the remains of a governors palace that contained a hundred and twenty rooms spreading across more than 40,000 m2 (10 acres) was found, along with a <a href="/wiki/Citadel" title="Citadel">citadel</a> dedicated to the Urartian god <a href="/wiki/Theispas" title="Theispas">Teisheba</a>. The construction of the city of Teishebaini, as well as the palace and the citadel was completed by the end of the 7th century BC, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Rusa_III" title="Rusa III">Rusa III</a>. However, Teishebaini was destroyed by an alliance of <a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Medes</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a> in 585 BC. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Median_and_Achaemenid_rules">Median and Achaemenid rules</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Satrapy_of_Armenia" title="Satrapy of Armenia">Satrapy of Armenia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AchaemenidGoblet01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/AchaemenidGoblet01.jpg/170px-AchaemenidGoblet01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/AchaemenidGoblet01.jpg/255px-AchaemenidGoblet01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/AchaemenidGoblet01.jpg/340px-AchaemenidGoblet01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2996" data-file-height="3006" /></a><figcaption>Achaemenid <a href="/wiki/Rhyton" title="Rhyton">rhyton</a> from Erebuni</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Yerevan" title="Special:EditPage/Yerevan">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (February 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> In 590 BC, following the fall of the Kingdom of Urartu at the hands of the Iranian <a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Medes</a>, Erebuni along with the Armenian Highlands became part of the Median Empire. However, in 550 BC, the <a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Median Empire</a> was conquered by <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a>, and Erebuni became part of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a>. Between 522 BC and 331 BC, Erebuni was one of the main centers of the <a href="/wiki/Satrapy_of_Armenia" title="Satrapy of Armenia">Satrapy of Armenia</a>, a region controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Orontid_dynasty" title="Orontid dynasty">Orontid dynasty</a> as one of the <a href="/wiki/Satrapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Satrapy">satrapies</a> of the Achaemenid Empire. The Satrapy of Armenia was divided into two parts: the northern part and the southern part, with the cities of Erebuni (Yerevan) and Tushpa (Van) as their centres, respectively. Coins issued in 478 BC, along with many other items found in the <a href="/wiki/Erebuni_Fortress" title="Erebuni Fortress">Erebuni Fortress</a>, reveal the importance of Erebuni as a major centre for trade under Achaemenid rule. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Kingdom_of_Armenia">Ancient Kingdom of Armenia</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Yerevan" title="Special:EditPage/Yerevan">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (February 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> After <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great's</a> victory over the Achaemenid Empire, the Orontid rulers of the Armenian satrapy achieved independence as a result of the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BC, founding the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Kingdom of Armenia</a>. With the establishment of new cities such as <a href="/wiki/Armavir_(ancient_city)" title="Armavir (ancient city)">Armavir</a>, Zarehavan, <a href="/wiki/Bagaran_(ancient_city)" title="Bagaran (ancient city)">Bagaran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yervandashat_(ancient_city)" title="Yervandashat (ancient city)">Yervandashat</a>, the importance of Erebuni gradually declined. With the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Artaxiad_dynasty" title="Artaxiad dynasty">Artaxiad dynasty</a> of Armenia who seized power in 189 BC, the Kingdom of Armenia greatly expanded to include major territories of <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atropatene" title="Atropatene">Atropatene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia_(antiquity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)">Iberia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria</a>. The Artaxiads considered Erebuni and Tushpa as cities of Persian heritage. Consequently, new cities and commercial centres were built by Kings <a href="/wiki/Artaxias_I" title="Artaxias I">Artaxias I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artavasdes_I_of_Armenia" title="Artavasdes I of Armenia">Artavasdes I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tigranes_the_Great" title="Tigranes the Great">Tigranes the Great</a>. Thus, with the dominance of cities such as <a href="/wiki/Artaxata" title="Artaxata">Artaxata</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tigranocerta" title="Tigranocerta">Tigranocerta</a>, Erebuni significantly lost its importance as a central city. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sb_Astvatsatsin_Chapel,_Avan,_Yerevan1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Sb_Astvatsatsin_Chapel%2C_Avan%2C_Yerevan1.JPG/220px-Sb_Astvatsatsin_Chapel%2C_Avan%2C_Yerevan1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Sb_Astvatsatsin_Chapel%2C_Avan%2C_Yerevan1.JPG/330px-Sb_Astvatsatsin_Chapel%2C_Avan%2C_Yerevan1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Sb_Astvatsatsin_Chapel%2C_Avan%2C_Yerevan1.JPG/440px-Sb_Astvatsatsin_Chapel%2C_Avan%2C_Yerevan1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The ruins of the 4th-century Holy Mother of God Chapel in Avan, north of Yerevan</figcaption></figure> Under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Arsacid_dynasty_of_Armenia" title="Arsacid dynasty of Armenia">Arsacid dynasty of Armenia</a> (54–428 AD), many other cities around Erebuni including <a href="/wiki/Vagharshapat" title="Vagharshapat">Vagharshapat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dvin_(ancient_city)" title="Dvin (ancient city)">Dvin</a> flourished. Consequently, Erebuni was completely neutralized, losing its role as an economic and strategic centre of Armenia. During the period of the Arsacid kings, Erebuni was only recorded in a <a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaean</a> text of the 3rd century, where it is mentioned that one of the disciples of the prophet <a href="/wiki/Mani_(prophet)" title="Mani (prophet)">Mani</a> founded a <a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaean</a> community near the Christian community in Erebuni. According to the medieval Armenian geography <a href="/wiki/Ashkharhatsuyts" title="Ashkharhatsuyts">Ashkharhatsuyts</a>, Erebuni was part of the canton (gawaṙ) of Kotayk (not to be confused with the current Kotayk Province) of the province of <a href="/wiki/Ayrarat" title="Ayrarat">Ayrarat</a>, within Armenia Major. Armenia became a Christian nation in the early 4th century AD, during the reign of the Arsacid king <a href="/wiki/Tiridates_III_of_Armenia" title="Tiridates III of Armenia">Tiridates III</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sasanian_and_Roman_periods">Sasanian and Roman periods</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Persian_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Armenia">Persian Armenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marzpanate_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Marzpanate Armenia">Marzpanate Armenia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avan_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Avan_1.JPG/220px-Avan_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Avan_1.JPG/330px-Avan_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Avan_1.JPG/440px-Avan_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Katoghike_Tsiranavor_Church_of_Avan" class="mw-redirect" title="Katoghike Tsiranavor Church of Avan">Katoghike Tsiranavor Church of Avan</a>, 6th century</figcaption></figure> Following the partition of Armenia by the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian</a> empires in 387 and in 428, Erebuni and the entire territory of Eastern Armenia came under the rule of Sasanian Persia.<a href="#cite_note-57">[53]</a> The Armenian territories formed the province of <a href="/wiki/Persian_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Armenia">Persian Armenia</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a>. Due to the diminished role of Erebuni, as well as the absence of proper historical data, much of the city's history under the Sasanian rule is unknown.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 587, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Maurice_(emperor)" title="Maurice (emperor)">emperor Maurice</a>, Yerevan and much of Armenia came under Roman administration after the Romans defeated the <a href="/wiki/Sassanid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid Empire">Sassanid Persian Empire</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Blarathon" title="Battle of the Blarathon">battle of the Blarathon</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Soon after, <a href="/wiki/Katoghike_Tsiranavor_Church_of_Avan" class="mw-redirect" title="Katoghike Tsiranavor Church of Avan">Katoghike Tsiranavor Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Avan_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Avan district">Avan</a> was built between 595 and 602. Despite being partly damaged during the <a href="/wiki/1679_Armenia_earthquake" title="1679 Armenia earthquake">1679 earthquake</a>), it is the oldest surviving church within modern Yerevan city limits.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The province of Persian Armenia (also known as Persarmenia) lasted until 646, when the province was dissolved with the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Muslim conquest of Persia</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arab_Islamic_invasion">Arab Islamic invasion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Arminiya" title="Arminiya">Arminiya</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Yerevan" title="Special:EditPage/Yerevan">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (February 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Katokhike_before.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Katokhike_before.png/220px-Katokhike_before.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Katokhike_before.png/330px-Katokhike_before.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Katokhike_before.png/440px-Katokhike_before.png 2x" data-file-width="1686" data-file-height="1086" /></a><figcaption>The 7th-century church of the Holy Mother of God, demolished in 1936</figcaption></figure> In 658 AD, at the height of the Arab Islamic invasions, Erebuni-Yerevan was conquered during the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Muslim conquest of Persia</a>, as it was part of Persian-ruled Armenia. The city became part of the <a href="/wiki/Arminiya" title="Arminiya">Emirate of Armenia</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a>. The city of Dvin was the centre of the newly created emirate. Starting from this period, as a result of the developing trade activities with the Arabs, the Armenian territories had gained strategic importance as a crossroads for the Arab <a href="/wiki/Camel_train" title="Camel train">caravan</a> routes passing between Europe and India through the Arab-controlled Ararat Plain of Armenia. Most probably, "Erebuni" has become known as "Yerevan" since at least the 7th century AD. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bagratid_Armenia">Bagratid Armenia</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bagratid_Armenia" title="Bagratid Armenia">Bagratid Armenia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Yerevan" title="Special:EditPage/Yerevan">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (May 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> After two centuries of Islamic rule over Armenia, the <a href="/wiki/Bagratuni_dynasty" title="Bagratuni dynasty">Bagratid</a> prince <a href="/wiki/Ashot_I_of_Armenia" title="Ashot I of Armenia">Ashot I of Armenia</a> led the revolution against the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a>. Ashot I liberated Yerevan in 850, and was recognized as the Prince of Princes of Armenia by the Abbasid Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27in" title="Al-Musta'in">al-Musta'in</a> in 862. Ashot was later crowned King of <a href="/wiki/Bagratid_Armenia" title="Bagratid Armenia">Armenia</a> through the consent of Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tamid" title="Al-Mu'tamid">al-Mu'tamid</a> in 885. During the rule of the Bagratuni dynasty of Armenia between 885 and 1045, Yerevan was relatively a secure part of the Kingdom before falling to the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a>. However, Yerevan did not have any strategic role during the reign of the Bagratids, who developed many other cities of <a href="/wiki/Ayrarat" title="Ayrarat">Ayrarat</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Shirakavan_(ancient_city)" title="Shirakavan (ancient city)">Shirakavan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dvin_(ancient_city)" title="Dvin (ancient city)">Dvin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ani" title="Ani">Ani</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seljuk_period,_Zakarid_Armenia_and_Mongol_rule">Seljuk period, Zakarid Armenia and Mongol rule</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Zakarid_Armenia" title="Zakarid Armenia">Zakarid Armenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Armenia" title="Mongol Armenia">Mongol Armenia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Yerevan" title="Special:EditPage/Yerevan">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (May 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avan,_Hovhannes-chapel1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Avan%2C_Hovhannes-chapel1.jpg/220px-Avan%2C_Hovhannes-chapel1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Avan%2C_Hovhannes-chapel1.jpg/330px-Avan%2C_Hovhannes-chapel1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Avan%2C_Hovhannes-chapel1.jpg/440px-Avan%2C_Hovhannes-chapel1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1698" /></a><figcaption>The remains of Surp Hovhannes Chapel, dating back to the 12–13th centuries</figcaption></figure> After a brief Byzantine rule over Armenia between 1045 and 1064, the invading <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuks</a>—led by <a href="/wiki/Tughril" class="mw-redirect" title="Tughril">Tughril</a> and later by his successor <a href="/wiki/Alp_Arslan" title="Alp Arslan">Alp Arslan</a>—ruled over the entire region, including Yerevan. However, with the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Zakarid_Armenia" title="Zakarid Armenia">Zakarid Principality of Armenia</a> in 1201 under the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Georgian</a> protectorate, the Armenian territories of Yerevan and Lori had significantly grown. After the Mongols captured <a href="/wiki/Ani" title="Ani">Ani</a> in 1236, Armenia turned into a <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Armenia" title="Mongol Armenia">Mongol protectorate</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a>, and the Zakarids became vassals to the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongols</a>. After the fall of the Ilkhanate in the mid-14th century, the Zakarid princes ruled over Lori, Shirak and the Ararat Plain until 1360 when they fell to the invading Turkic tribes. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aq_Qoyunlu_and_Kara_Koyunlu_tribes">Aq Qoyunlu and Kara Koyunlu tribes</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kara_Koyunlu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kara Koyunlu">Kara Koyunlu</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Argavand_Tower_Back.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Argavand_Tower_Back.JPG/170px-Argavand_Tower_Back.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Argavand_Tower_Back.JPG/255px-Argavand_Tower_Back.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Argavand_Tower_Back.JPG/340px-Argavand_Tower_Back.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1247" data-file-height="1676" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Kara_Koyunlu_emirs" title="Mausoleum of Kara Koyunlu emirs">Mausoleum of Kara Koyunlu emirs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Argavand,_Ararat" title="Argavand, Ararat">Argavand</a>, near Yerevan</figcaption></figure> During the last quarter of the 14th century, the <a href="/wiki/Aq_Qoyunlu" title="Aq Qoyunlu">Aq Qoyunlu</a> Sunni <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turkic</a> tribe took over Armenia, including Yerevan. In 1400, <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a> invaded Armenia and Georgia, and captured more than 60,000 of the survived local people as slaves. Many districts including Yerevan were depopulated.<a href="#cite_note-58">[54]</a> In 1410, Armenia fell under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Kara_Koyunlu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kara Koyunlu">Kara Koyunlu</a> Shia Oghuz Turkic tribe. According to the Armenian historian <a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Metsoph" title="Thomas of Metsoph">Thomas of Metsoph</a>, although the Kara Koyunlu levied heavy taxes against the Armenians, the early years of their rule were relatively peaceful and some reconstruction of towns took place.<a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a> The Kara Koyunlus made Yerevan the centre of the newly formed Chukhur Saad administrative territory. The territory was named after a Turkic leader known as Emir Saad. However, this peaceful period was shattered with the rise of <a href="/wiki/Qara_Iskander" class="mw-redirect" title="Qara Iskander">Qara Iskander</a> between 1420 and 1436, who reportedly made Armenia a "desert" and subjected it to "devastation and plunder, to slaughter, and captivity".<a href="#cite_note-60">[56]</a> The wars of Iskander and his eventual defeat against the <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurids</a>, invited further destruction in Armenia, as many more Armenians were taken captive and sold into slavery and the land was subjected to outright pillaging, forcing many of them to leave the region.<a href="#cite_note-Kouymjian._Armenia,_p._5-61">[57]</a> Following the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia</a> in 1375, the seat of the Armenian Church was transferred from <a href="/wiki/Sis_(ancient_city)" title="Sis (ancient city)">Sis</a> back to <a href="/wiki/Vagharshapat" title="Vagharshapat">Vagharshapat</a> near Yerevan in 1441. Thus, Yerevan became the main economic, cultural and administrative centre in Armenia. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iranian_rule">Iranian rule</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Armenia_(1502%E2%80%931828)" title="Iranian Armenia (1502–1828)">Iranian Armenia (1502–1828)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erivan_Khanate" title="Erivan Khanate">Erivan Khanate</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chardin_Yerevan_1811.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Chardin_Yerevan_1811.jpg/220px-Chardin_Yerevan_1811.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Chardin_Yerevan_1811.jpg/330px-Chardin_Yerevan_1811.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Chardin_Yerevan_1811.jpg/440px-Chardin_Yerevan_1811.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8158" data-file-height="5157" /></a><figcaption>An illustration of Yerevan by French traveler <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chardin" title="Jean Chardin">Jean Chardin</a> in 1673 while he was travelling through the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavid Empire">Safavid Empire</a></figcaption></figure> In 1501–02, most of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Armenia" title="Eastern Armenia">Eastern Armenian</a> territories including Yerevan were swiftly conquered by the emerging <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavid dynasty</a> of Iran led by Shah <a href="/wiki/Ismail_I" title="Ismail I">Ismail I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a> Soon after in 1502, Yerevan became the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Erivan_Province_(Safavid_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Erivan Province (Safavid Empire)">Erivan Province</a>, a new administrative territory of Iran formed by the Safavids. For the following 3 centuries, it remained, with brief intermissions, under the Iranian rule. Due to its strategic significance, Yerevan was initially often fought over, and passed back and forth, between the dominion of the rivaling <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavid Empire">Iranian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, until it permanently became controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavids</a>. In 1555, Iran had secured its legitimate possession over Yerevan with the Ottomans through the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Amasya" title="Peace of Amasya">Treaty of Amasya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a> In 1582–1583, the Ottomans led by <a href="/wiki/Serdar_Ferhad_Pasha" title="Serdar Ferhad Pasha">Serdar Ferhad Pasha</a> took brief control over Yerevan. Ferhad Pasha managed to build the <a href="/wiki/Erivan_Fortress" title="Erivan Fortress">Erivan Fortress</a> on the ruins of one thousand-years old ancient Armenian fortress, on the shores of Hrazdan river.<a href="#cite_note-64">[60]</a> However, Ottoman control ended in 1604 when the Persians regained Yerevan as a result of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Safavid_War_(1603%E2%80%9318)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman–Safavid War (1603–18)">first Ottoman-Safavid War</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Shah <a href="/wiki/Abbas_I_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbas I of Persia">Abbas I of Persia</a> who ruled between 1588 and 1629, ordered the <a href="/wiki/Great_Surgun" title="Great Surgun">deportation of hundreds of thousands of Armenians</a> including citizens from Yerevan to mainland <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>. As a consequence, Yerevan significantly lost its Armenian population who had declined to 20%, while Muslims including Persians, Turks, Kurds and Tatars gained dominance with around 80% of the city's population. Muslims were either sedentary, semi-sedentary, or nomadic. Armenians mainly occupied the Kond neighbourhood of Yerevan and the rural suburbs around the city. However, the Armenians dominated over various professions and trade in the area and were of great economic significance to the Persian administration.<a href="#cite_note-v8f5-65">[61]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kond_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Kond_1.JPG/220px-Kond_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Kond_1.JPG/330px-Kond_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Kond_1.JPG/440px-Kond_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kond" title="Kond">Kond</a>, a historic neighbourhood of Yerevan, formed during the 17th century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erivan1796.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Erivan1796.jpg/220px-Erivan1796.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Erivan1796.jpg/330px-Erivan1796.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Erivan1796.jpg/440px-Erivan1796.jpg 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="379" /></a><figcaption>Yerevan in 1796 in the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar era</a>, by G. Sergeevich. An Armenian church can be seen on the left and a Persian mosque on the right.</figcaption></figure> During the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Safavid_War_(1623%E2%80%9339)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–39)">second Ottoman-Safavid War</a>, Ottoman troops under the command of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Murad_IV" title="Murad IV">Murad IV</a> conquered the city on 8 August 1635. Returning in triumph to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, he opened the "Yerevan Kiosk" (Revan Köşkü) in <a href="/wiki/Topkap%C4%B1_Palace" title="Topkapı Palace">Topkapı Palace</a> in 1636. However, Iranian troops commanded by <a href="/wiki/Safi_of_Persia" title="Safi of Persia">Shah Safi</a> retook Yerevan on 1 April 1636. As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zuhab" title="Treaty of Zuhab">Treaty of Zuhab</a> in 1639, the Iranians reconfirmed their control over Eastern Armenia, including Yerevan. On 7 June 1679, <a href="/wiki/1679_Armenia_earthquake" title="1679 Armenia earthquake">a devastating earthquake</a> razed the city to the ground. In 1724, the Erivan Fortress was besieged by the Ottoman army.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] After a period of resistance, the fortress fell to the Turks. As a result of the Ottoman invasion, the Erivan Province of the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavids</a> was dissolved.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Following a brief period of Ottoman rule over Eastern Armenia between 1724 and 1736, and as a result of the fall of the Safavid dynasty in 1736, Yerevan along with the adjacent territories became part of the newly formed administrative territory of <a href="/wiki/Erivan_Khanate" title="Erivan Khanate">Erivan Khanate</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Afsharid_dynasty" title="Afsharid dynasty">Afsharid dynasty</a> of Iran, which encompassed an area of 15,000 square kilometres (5,800 square miles). The <a href="/wiki/Afsharid_dynasty" title="Afsharid dynasty">Afsharids</a> controlled Eastern Armenia from the mid-1730s until the 1790s. Following the fall of the Afsharids, the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar dynasty</a> of Iran took control of Eastern Armenia until 1828, when the region was <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826-1828)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Persian War (1826-1828)">conquered</a> by the Russian Empire after their victory over the Qajars that resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Treaty of Turkmenchay</a> of 1828.<a href="#cite_note-66">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_rule">Russian rule</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Oblast" title="Armenian Oblast">Armenian Oblast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erivan_Governorate" title="Erivan Governorate">Erivan Governorate</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capture_of_Erivan_Fortress_by_Russia,_1827_(by_Franz_Roubaud).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Capture_of_Erivan_Fortress_by_Russia%2C_1827_%28by_Franz_Roubaud%29.jpg/220px-Capture_of_Erivan_Fortress_by_Russia%2C_1827_%28by_Franz_Roubaud%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Capture_of_Erivan_Fortress_by_Russia%2C_1827_%28by_Franz_Roubaud%29.jpg/330px-Capture_of_Erivan_Fortress_by_Russia%2C_1827_%28by_Franz_Roubaud%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Capture_of_Erivan_Fortress_by_Russia%2C_1827_%28by_Franz_Roubaud%29.jpg/440px-Capture_of_Erivan_Fortress_by_Russia%2C_1827_%28by_Franz_Roubaud%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1159" data-file-height="851" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Franz_Roubaud" title="Franz Roubaud">Franz Roubaud</a>'s 1893 painting of the <a href="/wiki/Erivan_Fortress" title="Erivan Fortress">Erivan Fortress</a> <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Erivan" title="Capture of Erivan">siege of 1827</a> by the Russian forces under leadership of <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Paskevich" title="Ivan Paskevich">Ivan Paskevich</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826%E2%80%9328)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Persian War (1826–28)">Russo-Persian War (1826–28)</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D5%81%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2,_%D4%B5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/%D5%81%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%2C_%D4%B5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6.jpg/220px-%D5%81%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%2C_%D4%B5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/%D5%81%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%2C_%D4%B5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6.jpg/330px-%D5%81%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%2C_%D4%B5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/%D5%81%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%2C_%D4%B5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6.jpg/440px-%D5%81%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%2C_%D4%B5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption>Dzoragyugh neighbourhood of old Yerevan in the 19th century</figcaption></figure> During the second <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_Wars" title="Russo-Persian Wars">Russo-Persian War</a> of the 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826%E2%80%9328)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Persian War (1826–28)">Russo-Persian War of 1826–28</a>, Yerevan <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Erivan" title="Capture of Erivan">was captured</a> by Russian troops under general <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Paskevich" title="Ivan Paskevich">Ivan Paskevich</a> on 1 October 1827.<a href="#cite_note-SAE-40">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a> It was formally ceded by the Iranians in 1828, following the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Treaty of Turkmenchay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a> After 3 centuries of Iranian occupation, Yereven along with the rest of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Armenia" title="Eastern Armenia">Eastern Armenia</a> designated as the "<a href="/wiki/Armenian_Oblast" title="Armenian Oblast">Armenian Oblast</a>", became part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Russian_Armenia" title="Russian Armenia">period</a> that would last until the collapse of the Empire in 1917. Although not mentioned specifically by name, article XV of the Turkmenchay treaty was intended solely for the repatriation of those Armenians whose ancestors had been forcibly relocated to Iran in the early 17th century during the Safavid period. The Russians sponsored the resettlement process of the Armenian population from Persia and Turkey and spread announcements in Armenian villages.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBournoutian198020-70">[66]</a> Due to the resettlement, the percentage of the Armenian population of Yerevan increased from 28% to 53.8%. The resettlement was intended to create <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> power bridgehead in the Middle East.<a href="#cite_note-71">[67]</a> In 1829, Armenian repatriates from Persia were resettled in the city and a new quarter was built. Yerevan served as the seat of the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Oblast" title="Armenian Oblast">Armenian Oblast</a> between 1828 and 1840. By the time of <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia" title="Nicholas I of Russia">Nicholas I</a>'s visit in 1837, Yerevan had become an <a href="/wiki/Erivan_Uyezd" class="mw-redirect" title="Erivan Uyezd">uezd</a> ("county"). In 1840, the Armenian Oblast was dissolved and its territory incorporated into a new larger province; the <a href="/wiki/Georgia-Imeretia_Governorate" title="Georgia-Imeretia Governorate">Georgia-Imeretia Governorate</a>. In 1850 the territory of the former oblast was reorganized into the <a href="/wiki/Erivan_Governorate" title="Erivan Governorate">Erivan Governorate</a>, covering an area of 28,000 square kilometres (11,000 square miles). Yerevan was the centre of the newly established governorate. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Surb_grigor_lusavorich.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Surb_grigor_lusavorich.png/220px-Surb_grigor_lusavorich.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Surb_grigor_lusavorich.png/330px-Surb_grigor_lusavorich.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Surb_grigor_lusavorich.png/440px-Surb_grigor_lusavorich.png 2x" data-file-width="1374" data-file-height="906" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint_Gregory_the_Illuminator_Church,_Yerevan" title="Saint Gregory the Illuminator Church, Yerevan">Saint Gregory Church</a>, opened in 1900 (later destroyed in 1939)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erivan_Main_Square_1916.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Erivan_Main_Square_1916.jpg/220px-Erivan_Main_Square_1916.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Erivan_Main_Square_1916.jpg/330px-Erivan_Main_Square_1916.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Erivan_Main_Square_1916.jpg/440px-Erivan_Main_Square_1916.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2245" data-file-height="1543" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Republic_Square,_Yerevan" title="Republic Square, Yerevan">Main Square</a> of Yerevan, 1916</figcaption></figure> At that period, Yerevan was a small town with narrow roads and alleys, including the central quarter of Shahar, the Ghantar commercial centre, and the residential neighbourhoods of Kond, Dzoragyugh, Nork and Shentagh. During the 1840s and the 1850s, many schools were opened in the city. However, the first major plan of Yerevan was adopted in 1856, during which, Saint Hripsime and Saint Gayane women's colleges were founded and the <a href="/wiki/English_Park,_Yerevan" title="English Park, Yerevan">English Park</a> was opened. In 1863, the <a href="/wiki/Abovyan_Street" title="Abovyan Street">Astafyan Street</a> was redeveloped and opened. In 1874, Zacharia Gevorkian opened Yerevan's first printing house, while the first theatre opened its doors in 1879. On 1 October 1879, Yerevan was granted the status of a city through a decree issued by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia" title="Alexander II of Russia">Alexander II of Russia</a>. In 1881, The Yerevan Teachers' Seminary and the Yerevan Brewery were opened, followed by the Tairyan's wine and brandy factory in 1887. Other factories for alcoholic beverages and mineral water were opened during the 1890s. The monumental church of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Gregory_the_Illuminator_Church,_Yerevan" title="Saint Gregory the Illuminator Church, Yerevan">Saint Gregory the Illuminator</a> was opened in 1900. Electricity and telephone lines were introduced to the city in 1907 and 1913 respectively. When British traveller <a href="/wiki/H._F._B._Lynch" title="H. F. B. Lynch">H. F. B. Lynch</a> visited Yerevan in 1893–1894, he considered it an <a href="/wiki/Orient" title="Orient">Oriental</a> city.<a href="#cite_note-Bournoutian2018Yerevan-72">[68]</a> However, this started to change in the first decade of the 20th century, in the penultimate decade of Imperial Russian rule, when the city grew and altered dramatically.<a href="#cite_note-Bournoutian2018Yerevan-72">[68]</a> In general, Yerevan rapidly grew under Russian rule, both economically and politically. Old buildings were torn down and new buildings of European style were erected. At the beginning of the 20th century, Yerevan city's population was over 29,000.<a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a> In 1902, a railway line linked Yerevan with <a href="/wiki/Alexandropol" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandropol">Alexandropol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiflis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiflis">Tiflis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julfa,_Azerbaijan_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Julfa, Azerbaijan (town)">Julfa</a>. In the same year, Yerevan's first public library was opened. In 1905, the grandnephew of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I">Napoleon I</a>; prince Louis Joseph Jérôme Napoléon (1864–1932) was appointed as governor of Yerevan province.<a href="#cite_note-74">[70]</a> In 1913, for the first time in the city, a telephone line with eighty subscribers became operational. Yerevan served as the centre of the governorate until 1917, when Erivan governorate was dissolved with the collapse of the Russian Empire. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brief_independence">Brief independence</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/First_Republic_of_Armenia" title="First Republic of Armenia">First Republic of Armenia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Government-House-of-Republic-of-Armenia-1918-1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Government-House-of-Republic-of-Armenia-1918-1920.jpg/220px-Government-House-of-Republic-of-Armenia-1918-1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Government-House-of-Republic-of-Armenia-1918-1920.jpg/330px-Government-House-of-Republic-of-Armenia-1918-1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Government-House-of-Republic-of-Armenia-1918-1920.jpg/440px-Government-House-of-Republic-of-Armenia-1918-1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3829" data-file-height="5473" /></a><figcaption>Government house of <a href="/wiki/First_Republic_of_Armenia" title="First Republic of Armenia">Armenia</a> from where <a href="/wiki/Aram_Manukian" title="Aram Manukian">Aram Manukian</a> declared independence in May 1918</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:May_28_1919_celebration_Yerevan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/May_28_1919_celebration_Yerevan.jpg/220px-May_28_1919_celebration_Yerevan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/May_28_1919_celebration_Yerevan.jpg/330px-May_28_1919_celebration_Yerevan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/May_28_1919_celebration_Yerevan.jpg/440px-May_28_1919_celebration_Yerevan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1516" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Celebration of the first anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/First_Republic_of_Armenia" title="First Republic of Armenia">First Republic of Armenia</a> in 1919</figcaption></figure> At the beginning of the 20th century, Yerevan was a small city with a population of 30,000.<a href="#cite_note-Univ-75">[71]</a> In 1917, the Russian Empire ended with the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>. In the aftermath, Armenian, Georgian and Muslim leaders of <a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">Transcaucasia</a> united to form the <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasian_Democratic_Federative_Republic" title="Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic">Transcaucasian Federation</a> and proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcaucasia">Transcaucasia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">secession</a>. The Federation, however, was short-lived. After gaining control over <a href="/wiki/Gyumri" title="Gyumri">Alexandropol</a>, the Turkish army was advancing towards the south and east to eliminate the center of Armenian resistance based in Yerevan. On 21 May 1918, the Turks started their campaign moving towards Yerevan via Sardarabad. <a href="/wiki/Catholicos_of_All_Armenians" title="Catholicos of All Armenians">Catholicos</a> <a href="/wiki/George_V_of_Armenia" title="George V of Armenia">Gevorg V</a> ordered that church bells peal for 6 days as Armenians from all walks of life – peasants, poets, blacksmiths, and even the clergymen – rallied to form organized military units.<a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a> Civilians, including children, aided in the effort as well, as "Carts drawn by oxen, water buffalo, and cows jammed the roads bringing food, provisions, ammunition, and volunteers from the vicinity" of Yerevan.<a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_of_Yerevan_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Plan_of_Yerevan_1920.jpg/220px-Plan_of_Yerevan_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Plan_of_Yerevan_1920.jpg/330px-Plan_of_Yerevan_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Plan_of_Yerevan_1920.jpg/440px-Plan_of_Yerevan_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Map of Yerevan in 1920, made before the Soviet reconstruction of the city by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Tamanyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Tamanyan">Alexander Tamanyan</a> in 1924. Taken looking west, with the <a href="/wiki/Hrazdan_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrazdan River">Hrazdan River</a> at the top rather than the left side.</figcaption></figure> By the end of May 1918, Armenians were able to defeat the Turkish army in the battles of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sardarabad" title="Battle of Sardarabad">Sardarabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abaran" title="Battle of Abaran">Abaran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karakilisa" title="Battle of Karakilisa">Karakilisa</a>. Thus, on 28 May 1918, the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Revolutionary_Federation" title="Armenian Revolutionary Federation">Dashnak</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Aram_Manukian" title="Aram Manukian">Aram Manukian</a> declared the independence of Armenia. Subsequently, Yerevan became the capital and the center of the newly founded <a href="/wiki/First_Republic_of_Armenia" title="First Republic of Armenia">Republic of Armenia</a>, although the members of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Congress_of_Eastern_Armenians" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Congress of Eastern Armenians">Armenian National Council</a> were yet to stay in <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tiflis</a> until their arrival in Yerevan to form the government in the summer of the same year.<a href="#cite_note-78">[74]</a> Armenia became a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">parliamentary republic</a> with four administrative divisions. The capital Yerevan was part of the Araratian Province. At the time, Yerevan received more than 75,000 refugees from <a href="/wiki/Western_Armenia" title="Western Armenia">Western Armenia</a>, who escaped the massacres perpetrated by the Ottoman Turks during the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a>. On 26 May 1919, the government passed a law to open the <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_State_University" title="Yerevan State University">Yerevan State University</a>, which was located on the main <a href="/wiki/Abovyan_Street" title="Abovyan Street">Astafyan (now Abovyan) street</a> of Yerevan.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] After the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Treaty of Sèvres</a> in 1920, Armenia was granted formal international recognition. The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, as well as many South American countries, officially opened diplomatic channels with the government of independent Armenia. Yerevan had also opened representatives in <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] However, after the short period of independence, Yerevan fell to the <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolsheviks</a>, and Armenia was incorporated into <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Russia">Soviet Russia</a> on 2 December 1920. Although nationalist forces managed to retake the city in February 1921 and successfully released all the imprisoned political and military figures, the city's nationalist elite were once again defeated by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet forces">Soviet forces</a> on 2 April 1921.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_rule">Soviet rule</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic">Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mayr_Hayastan_2017_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Mayr_Hayastan_2017_2.jpg/220px-Mayr_Hayastan_2017_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Mayr_Hayastan_2017_2.jpg/330px-Mayr_Hayastan_2017_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Mayr_Hayastan_2017_2.jpg/440px-Mayr_Hayastan_2017_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2533" data-file-height="3800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mother_Armenia" title="Mother Armenia">Mother Armenia</a> erected in 1967, replacing the monumental statue of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_of_Sasun_Yerevan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/David_of_Sasun_Yerevan.jpg/220px-David_of_Sasun_Yerevan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/David_of_Sasun_Yerevan.jpg/330px-David_of_Sasun_Yerevan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/David_of_Sasun_Yerevan.jpg/440px-David_of_Sasun_Yerevan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/David_of_Sassoun_(statue)" title="David of Sassoun (statue)">David of Sassoun</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_railway_station" title="Yerevan railway station">Yerevan railway station</a>.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Soviet Army</a> invaded Armenia on 29 November 1920 from the northeast. On 2 December 1920, Yerevan along with the other territories of the <a href="/wiki/First_Republic_of_Armenia" title="First Republic of Armenia">Republic of Armenia</a>, became part of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Russia">Soviet Russia</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic">Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic</a>. However, the Armenian SSR formed the Transcaucasian SFSR (TSFSR) together with the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic">Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic</a>, between 1922 and 1936. Under the Soviet rule, Yerevan became the first among the cities in the Soviet Union for which a general plan was developed. The "General Plan of Yerevan" developed by the academician <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Tamanian" title="Alexander Tamanian">Alexander Tamanian</a>, was approved in 1924. It was initially designed for a population of 150,000.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The city was quickly transformed into a modern industrial metropolis of over one million people.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] New educational, scientific and cultural institutions were founded as well. Tamanian incorporated national traditions with contemporary urban construction. His design presented a radial-circular arrangement that overlaid the existing city and incorporated much of its existing street plan. As a result, many historic buildings were demolished, including churches, mosques, the <a href="/wiki/Erivan_Fortress" title="Erivan Fortress">Erivan Fortress</a>, baths, bazaars and <a href="/wiki/Caravanserai" title="Caravanserai">caravanserais</a>. Many of the districts around central Yerevan were named after former Armenian communities that were destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turks" title="Ottoman Turks">Ottoman Turks</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a>. The districts of Arabkir, Malatia-Sebastia and Nork Marash, for example, were named after the towns <a href="/wiki/Arapgir" title="Arapgir">Arabkir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malatya" title="Malatya">Malatya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sivas,_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Sivas, Turkey">Sebastia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kahramanmara%C5%9F" title="Kahramanmaraş">Marash</a>, respectively. After the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a> <a href="/wiki/POW" class="mw-redirect" title="POW">POWs</a> were used to help in the construction of new buildings and structures, such as the Kievyan Bridge.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Within the years, the central <a href="/wiki/Kentron_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentron district">Kentron district</a> has become the most developed area in Yerevan, something that created a significant gap compared with other districts in the city. Most of the educational, cultural and scientific institutions were centred in the Kentron district. In 1965, during the commemorations of the fiftieth anniversary of the Armenian Genocide, Yerevan was the location of a <a href="/wiki/1965_Yerevan_demonstrations" title="1965 Yerevan demonstrations">demonstration</a>, the first such demonstration in the Soviet Union, to demand recognition of the Genocide by the Soviet authorities.<a href="#cite_note-79">[75]</a> In 1968, the city's 2,750th anniversary was commemorated. Yerevan played a key role in the Armenian national democratic movement that emerged during the <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Gorbachev</a> era of the 1980s. The reforms of <a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">Glasnost</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a> opened questions on issues such as the status of Nagorno-Karabakh, the environment, <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a>, corruption, democracy, and eventually independence. At the beginning of 1988, nearly one million Armenians from several regions of Armenia engaged in demonstrations concerning these subjects, centered in the city's Theater Square (currently <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Square,_Yerevan" title="Freedom Square, Yerevan">Freedom Square</a>).<a href="#cite_note-80">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-independence">Post-independence</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yerevan_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Yerevan_at_night.jpg/220px-Yerevan_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Yerevan_at_night.jpg/330px-Yerevan_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Yerevan_at_night.jpg/440px-Yerevan_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Nighttime view of Yerevan in September 2013</figcaption></figure> Following the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a>, Yerevan became the capital of Armenia on 21 September 1991.<a href="#cite_note-BJFAO-81">[77]</a> Maintaining supplies of gas and electricity proved difficult; constant electricity was not restored until 1996 amidst the chaos of the badly instigated and planned transition to a <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market-based economy</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elite_Plaza_Business_Center_at_Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Elite_Plaza_Business_Center_at_Night.jpg/220px-Elite_Plaza_Business_Center_at_Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Elite_Plaza_Business_Center_at_Night.jpg/330px-Elite_Plaza_Business_Center_at_Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Elite_Plaza_Business_Center_at_Night.jpg/440px-Elite_Plaza_Business_Center_at_Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4530" data-file-height="3104" /></a><figcaption>The redeveloped Yerevan downtown is the commercial and business centre of the city.</figcaption></figure> Since 2000, central Yerevan has been transformed into a vast construction site, with cranes erected all over the Kentron district. Officially, the scores of multi-storied buildings are part of large-scale urban planning projects. Roughly $1.8 billion was spent on such construction in 2006, according to the national statistical service.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Prices for downtown apartments have increased by about ten times during the first decade of the 21st century.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Many new streets and avenues were opened, such as the Argishti street, Italy street, Saralanj Avenue, Monte Melkonian Avenue, and the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Avenue_(Yerevan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Avenue (Yerevan)">Northern Avenue</a>. However, as a result of this construction boom, the majority of the historic buildings located on the central <a href="/wiki/Aram_Street" title="Aram Street">Aram Street</a>, were either entirely destroyed or transformed into modern residential buildings through the construction of additional floors. Only a few structures were preserved, mainly in the portion that extends between <a href="/wiki/Abovyan_Street" title="Abovyan Street">Abovyan Street</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mashtots_Avenue" title="Mashtots Avenue">Mashtots Avenue</a>. <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yerevan_buildings_and_Ararat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Yerevan_buildings_and_Ararat.jpg/250px-Yerevan_buildings_and_Ararat.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Yerevan_buildings_and_Ararat.jpg/375px-Yerevan_buildings_and_Ararat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Yerevan_buildings_and_Ararat.jpg/500px-Yerevan_buildings_and_Ararat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1613" data-file-height="749" /></a><figcaption>Panoramic view from the <a href="/wiki/Kentron_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentron district">Kentron district</a></figcaption></figure> The first major post-independence protest in Yerevan took place in September 1996, after the announcement of incumbent <a href="/wiki/Levon_Ter-Petrosyan" title="Levon Ter-Petrosyan">Levon Ter-Petrosyan</a>'s victory in the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_presidential_election,_1996" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian presidential election, 1996">presidential election</a>. Major opposition parties of the time, consolidated around the former <a href="/wiki/Karabakh_Committee" title="Karabakh Committee">Karabakh Committee</a> member and former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Vazgen_Manukyan" title="Vazgen Manukyan">Vazgen Manukyan</a>, organized mass demonstrations between 23 and 25 September, claiming electoral fraud by Ter-Petrosyan.<a href="#cite_note-82">[78]</a> An estimated of 200,000 people gathered in the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Square,_Yerevan" title="Freedom Square, Yerevan">Freedom Square</a> to protest the election results.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAstourian200145-83">[79]</a> After a series of riot and violent protests around the Parliament building on 25 September, the government sent tanks and troops to Yerevan to enforce the ban on rallies and demonstrations on the following day.<a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Vazgen_Sargsyan" title="Vazgen Sargsyan">Vazgen Sargsyan</a> and Minister of National Security <a href="/wiki/Serzh_Sargsyan" title="Serzh Sargsyan">Serzh Sargsyan</a> announced on the <a href="/wiki/Public_Television_company_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Television company of Armenia">Public Television of Armenia</a> that their respective agencies have prevented an attempted <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jeffries-85">[81]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garegin_Nzhdeh_monument,_Yerevan,_ArmAg_(14).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Garegin_Nzhdeh_monument%2C_Yerevan%2C_ArmAg_%2814%29.jpg/220px-Garegin_Nzhdeh_monument%2C_Yerevan%2C_ArmAg_%2814%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Garegin_Nzhdeh_monument%2C_Yerevan%2C_ArmAg_%2814%29.jpg/330px-Garegin_Nzhdeh_monument%2C_Yerevan%2C_ArmAg_%2814%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Garegin_Nzhdeh_monument%2C_Yerevan%2C_ArmAg_%2814%29.jpg/440px-Garegin_Nzhdeh_monument%2C_Yerevan%2C_ArmAg_%2814%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2797" data-file-height="1877" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Armenian nationalist figure <a href="/wiki/Garegin_Nzhdeh" title="Garegin Nzhdeh">Garegin Nzhdeh</a> in central Yerevan</figcaption></figure> In February 2008, <a href="/wiki/2008_Armenian_presidential_election_protests" title="2008 Armenian presidential election protests">unrest in the capital</a> between the authorities and opposition demonstrators led by ex-President Levon Ter-Petrosyan took place after the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_presidential_election,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian presidential election, 2008">2008 Armenian presidential election</a>. The events resulted in 10 deaths<a href="#cite_note-ArmLibApr14-86">[82]</a> and a subsequent 20-day <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> declared by President <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kocharyan" title="Robert Kocharyan">Robert Kocharyan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBCMar2-87">[83]</a> In July 2016, a group of armed men calling themselves the Daredevils of Sassoun (<a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: Սասնա Ծռեր Sasna Tsrrer) <a href="/wiki/2016_Yerevan_hostage_crisis" title="2016 Yerevan hostage crisis">stormed a police station in Erebuni District of Yerevan</a>, taking several hostages, demanding the release of opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Jirair_Sefilian" title="Jirair Sefilian">Jirair Sefilian</a> and the resignation of President Serzh Sargsyan. 3 policeman were killed as a result of the attack.<a href="#cite_note-88">[84]</a> Many anti-government protestors held rallies in solidarity with the gunmen.<a href="#cite_note-ie-89">[85]</a> However, after 2 weeks of negotiations, the crisis ended and the gunmen surrendered. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography_and_cityscape">Topography and cityscape</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yerevan_in_Armenia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Yerevan_in_Armenia.svg/220px-Yerevan_in_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Yerevan_in_Armenia.svg/330px-Yerevan_in_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Yerevan_in_Armenia.svg/440px-Yerevan_in_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1169" data-file-height="1198" /></a><figcaption>Plan of Yerevan in Armenia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hrazdan_river_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Hrazdan_river_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Hrazdan_river_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Hrazdan_river_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Hrazdan_river_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Hrazdan_river_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Hrazdan_river_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hrazdan_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrazdan River">Hrazdan River</a> flowing through Yerevan</figcaption></figure> Yerevan has an average height of 990 m (3,248.03 ft), with a minimum of 865 m (2,837.93 ft) and a maximum of 1,390 m (4,560.37 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a> in its southwestern and northeastern sections, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-Azatian-90">[86]</a> It is among the fifty highest cities in the world with over 1 million inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-91">[87]</a> Yerevan is located on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Hrazdan_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrazdan River">Hrazdan River</a>, northeast of the <a href="/wiki/Ararat_Plain" title="Ararat Plain">Ararat Plain</a>, in the central-western part of the country. The upper part of the city is surrounded with mountains on three sides while it descends to the banks of the river <a href="/wiki/Hrazdan_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrazdan River">Hrazdan</a> at the south. The Hrazdan divides Yerevan into two parts through a picturesque canyon. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B6.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B6.JPG/220px-%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B6.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B6.JPG/330px-%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B6.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B6.JPG/440px-%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B6.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Yerevan is situated in the northeastern part of the Ararat Plain.</figcaption></figure> The city is situated at the heart of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Highland" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Highland">Armenian Highland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[88]</a> Historically, Yerevan was located in the Kotayk canton (<a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: Կոտայք գավառ Kotayk gavar, not to be confused with the current <a href="/wiki/Kotayk_Province" title="Kotayk Province">Kotayk Province</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Ayrarat" title="Ayrarat">Ayrarat</a> province of historic <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Armenia Major</a>. According to the current administrative division of Armenia, Yerevan is not part of any <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Armenia" title="Administrative divisions of Armenia">marz</a> ("province") and has special administrative status as the country's capital. It is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Kotayk_Province" title="Kotayk Province">Kotayk Province</a> to the north and the east, <a href="/wiki/Ararat_Province" title="Ararat Province">Ararat Province</a> to the south and the south-west, <a href="/wiki/Armavir_Province" title="Armavir Province">Armavir Province</a> to the west and <a href="/wiki/Aragatsotn_Province" title="Aragatsotn Province">Aragatsotn Province</a> to the north-west. The <a href="/wiki/Erebuni_State_Reserve" title="Erebuni State Reserve">Erebuni State Reserve</a>, formed in 1981, is located around 8 km southeast of the city centre within the <a href="/wiki/Erebuni_District" title="Erebuni District">Erebuni District</a> of the city. At a height between 1300 and 1450 meters above sea level, the reserve occupies an area of 120 hectares, mainly consisting of semi-deserted mountain-steppes.<a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yerevan_2012_February.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Yerevan_2012_February.JPG/220px-Yerevan_2012_February.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Yerevan_2012_February.JPG/330px-Yerevan_2012_February.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Yerevan_2012_February.JPG/440px-Yerevan_2012_February.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1810" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Winter view of Yerevan</figcaption></figure> Yerevan features a <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">continental</a> influenced <a href="/wiki/Steppe_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Steppe climate">steppe climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>: BSk or "cold semi-arid climate"), with long, hot, dry summers and short, but cold and snowy winters. This is attributed to Yerevan being on a plain surrounded by mountains and to its distance from the sea and its moderating effects. The summers are usually very hot with the temperature in August reaching up to 40 °C (104 °F), and winters generally carry snowfall and freezing temperatures with January often being as cold as −15 °C (5 °F) and lower. The amount of <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a> is small, amounting annually to about 318 millimetres (12.5 in). Yerevan experiences an average of 2,700 sunshine hours per year.<a href="#cite_note-Azatian-90">[86]</a> On 12 July 2018, Yerevan recorded a temperature of 43.7 °C (110.7 °F), which is the joint highest temperature to have ever been recorded in Armenia.<a href="#cite_note-BAMS2018-94">[90]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Yerevan (1991–2020, extremes 1885–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5 (67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6 (67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6 (81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0 (95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1 (97.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.1 (106.0) </td> <td style="background: #E00000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.7 (110.7) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.0 (107.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.0 (104.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1 (93.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0 (78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0 (69.8) </td> <td style="background: #E00000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">43.7 (110.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 (35.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3 (43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7 (56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8 (67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1 (77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9 (87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5 (94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4 (93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2 (84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6 (70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8 (55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 (39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.5 (67.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.5 (25.7) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (32.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 (44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9 (55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7 (63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1 (73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8 (80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7 (80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4 (70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0 (57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 (42.4) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8 (30.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.6 (54.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.8 (18.0) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.4 (22.3) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 (33.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4 (43.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 (51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1 (59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1 (66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9 (66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2 (55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 (44.8) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (32.2) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.9 (23.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.1 (43.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #5151FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−27.6 (−17.7) </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−26 (−15) </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.1 (−2.4) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.9 (12.4) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6 (30.9) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 (38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 (45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 (46.2) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (32.2) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.5 (20.3) </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.7 (5.5) </td> <td style="background: #4D4DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−28.3 (−18.9) </td> <td style="background: #4D4DFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−28.3 (−18.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #DFFFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21 (0.8) </td> <td style="background: #DCFFDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21 (0.8) </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60 (2.4) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56 (2.2) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47 (1.9) </td> <td style="background: #DAFFDA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24 (0.9) </td> <td style="background: #E5FFE5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17 (0.7) </td> <td style="background: #F0FFF0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 (0.4) </td> <td style="background: #EFFFEF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 (0.4) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51 (2.0) </td> <td style="background: #D8FFD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25 (1.0) </td> <td style="background: #DFFFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21 (0.8) </td> <td style="background: #D1FFD1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">363 (14.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 (2.0) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 (1.2) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 (0.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 (0.4) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5 (2.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1 </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">60.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">78 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000FB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.6 </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58.3 </td> <td style="background: #2A2AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55.5 </td> <td style="background: #2E2EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54.6 </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.0 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.9 </td> <td style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.1 </td> <td style="background: #5050FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.7 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000F7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.0 </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">57.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #AFAF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">104.5 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">136.8 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186.5 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">206.5 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">267.1 </td> <td style="background: #F7F720; color:#000000;" class="notheme">326.6 </td> <td style="background: #FAFA29; color:#000000;" class="notheme">353.9 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">333.7 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">291.5 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217.0 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">159.9 </td> <td style="background: #A6A6A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.0 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,675 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net<a href="#cite_note-pogoda-95">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (sun, humidity and precipitation days)<a href="#cite_note-WMOCLINO-96">[92]</a>, <a href="#cite_note-BAMS2018-94">[90]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_Erywa%C5%84,_Ulica_Arama_3_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Ulica_Arama_3_%2801%29.jpg/220px-2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Ulica_Arama_3_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Ulica_Arama_3_%2801%29.jpg/330px-2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Ulica_Arama_3_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Ulica_Arama_3_%2801%29.jpg/440px-2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Ulica_Arama_3_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4211" data-file-height="2843" /></a><figcaption>Traditional 19th-century buildings of Yerevan on <a href="/wiki/Aram_Street" title="Aram Street">Aram Street</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_TV_Tower" title="Yerevan TV Tower">Yerevan TV Tower</a> is the tallest structure in the city and one of the tallest structures in the <a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Republic_Square,_Yerevan" title="Republic Square, Yerevan">Republic Square</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Opera_Theatre" title="Yerevan Opera Theatre">Yerevan Opera Theatre</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Cascade" title="Yerevan Cascade">Yerevan Cascade</a> are among the main landmarks at the centre of Yerevan, mainly developed based on the original design of architect <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Tamanian" title="Alexander Tamanian">Alexander Tamanian</a>, and the revised plan of architect Jim Torosyan. A major redevelopment process has been launched in Yerevan since 2000. As a result, many historic structures have been demolished and replaced with new buildings. This urban renewal plan has been met with opposition<a href="#cite_note-97">[93]</a> and criticism from some residents, as the projects destroy historic buildings dating back to the period of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, and often leave residents homeless.<a href="#cite_note-98">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a> Downtown houses deemed too small are increasingly demolished and replaced by high-rise buildings. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yerevan_Northern_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Yerevan_Northern_2010.jpg/220px-Yerevan_Northern_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Yerevan_Northern_2010.jpg/330px-Yerevan_Northern_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Yerevan_Northern_2010.jpg/440px-Yerevan_Northern_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Modern buildings on the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Avenue_(Yerevan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Avenue (Yerevan)">Northern Avenue</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Saint_Gregory_the_Illuminator_Cathedral,_Yerevan" title="Saint Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral, Yerevan">Saint Gregory Cathedral</a>, the new building of <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_City_Council" title="Yerevan City Council">Yerevan City Council</a>, the new section of <a href="/wiki/Matenadaran" title="Matenadaran">Matenadaran</a> institute, the new terminal of <a href="/wiki/Zvartnots_International_Airport" title="Zvartnots International Airport">Zvartnots International Airport</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cafesjian_Museum_of_Art" title="Cafesjian Museum of Art">Cafesjian Center for the Arts</a> at the Cascade, the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Avenue,_Yerevan" title="Northern Avenue, Yerevan">Northern Avenue</a>, and the new government complex of ministries are among the major construction projects fulfilled during the first two decades of the 21st century. <a href="/wiki/Aram_Street" title="Aram Street">Aram Street</a> of old Yerevan and the newly built <a href="/wiki/Northern_Avenue_(Yerevan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Avenue (Yerevan)">Northern Avenue</a> are respectively among the notable examples featuring the traditional and modern architectural characteristics of Yerevan. As of May 2017, Yerevan is home to 4,883 residential apartment buildings, and 65,199 street lamps installed on 39,799 <a href="/wiki/Street_light" title="Street light">street light</a> posts, covering a total length of 1,514 km. The city has 1,080 streets with a total length of 750 km.<a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks">Parks</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lovers%27_Park,_Yerevan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Lovers%27_Park%2C_Yerevan.jpg/220px-Lovers%27_Park%2C_Yerevan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Lovers%27_Park%2C_Yerevan.jpg/330px-Lovers%27_Park%2C_Yerevan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Lovers%27_Park%2C_Yerevan.jpg/440px-Lovers%27_Park%2C_Yerevan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Lovers%27_Park" title="Lovers' Park">Lovers' Park</a></figcaption></figure> Yerevan is a densely built city but still offers several public parks throughout its districts, graced with mid-sized green gardens. The public park of Erebuni District along with its artificial lake is the oldest garden in the city. Occupying an area of 17 hectares, the origins of the park and the artificial lake date back to the period of king <a href="/wiki/Argishti_I_of_Urartu" title="Argishti I of Urartu">Argishti I of Urartu</a> during the 8th century BCE. In 2011, the garden was entirely remodelled and named as <a href="/wiki/Lyon_Park,_Yerevan" title="Lyon Park, Yerevan">Lyon Park</a>, to become a symbol of the partnership between the cities of <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> and Yerevan.<a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Lovers%27_Park" title="Lovers' Park">Lovers' Park</a> on <a href="/wiki/Baghramyan_Avenue" title="Baghramyan Avenue">Marshal Baghramyan Avenue</a> and the <a href="/wiki/English_Park,_Yerevan" title="English Park, Yerevan">English Park</a> at the centre of the city, dating back to the 18th and 19th centuries respectively, are among the most popular parks in Yerevan. The <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Botanical_Garden" title="Yerevan Botanical Garden">Yerevan Botanical Garden</a> (opened in 1935), the <a href="/wiki/Victory_Park,_Yerevan" title="Victory Park, Yerevan">Victory Park</a> (opened in the 1950s) and the <a href="/wiki/Circular_Park" title="Circular Park">Circular Park</a> are among the largest green spaces of the city. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swan_Lake,_Yerevan-12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Swan_Lake%2C_Yerevan-12.jpg/220px-Swan_Lake%2C_Yerevan-12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Swan_Lake%2C_Yerevan-12.jpg/330px-Swan_Lake%2C_Yerevan-12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Swan_Lake%2C_Yerevan-12.jpg/440px-Swan_Lake%2C_Yerevan-12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption>The Swan Lake</figcaption></figure> Opened in the 1960s, the Yerevan Opera Theatre Park along with its artificial Swan Lake is also among the favourite green spaces of the city. In 2019 some of the public space of the park leased to restaurants was reclaimed allowing for improved landscape design.<a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a> A public ice-skating arena is operated in the park's lake area during winters. The <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Lake" title="Yerevan Lake">Yerevan Lake</a> is an artificial reservoir opened in 1967 on <a href="/wiki/Hrazdan_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrazdan River">Hrazdan</a> riverbed at the south of the city centre, with a surface of 0.65 km2 (0.25 sq mi). Each administrative district of Yerevan has its own public park, such as the <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Park" title="Buenos Aires Park">Buenos Aires Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tumanyan_Park" title="Tumanyan Park">Tumanyan Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ajapnyak_District" title="Ajapnyak District">Ajapnyak</a>, Komitas Park in <a href="/wiki/Shengavit_District" title="Shengavit District">Shengavit</a>, Vahan Zatikian Park in <a href="/wiki/Malatia-Sebastia_District" title="Malatia-Sebastia District">Malatia-Sebastia</a>, David Anhaght Park in <a href="/wiki/Kanaker-Zeytun_District" title="Kanaker-Zeytun District">Kanaker-Zeytun</a>, the Family Park in <a href="/wiki/Avan_District" title="Avan District">Avan</a>, and Fridtjof Nansen Park in <a href="/wiki/Nor_Nork_District" title="Nor Nork District">Nor Nork</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_and_government">Politics and government</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capital">Capital</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_Erywa%C5%84,_Budynek_Zgromadzenia_Narodowego_Republiki_Armenii.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Budynek_Zgromadzenia_Narodowego_Republiki_Armenii.jpg/250px-2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Budynek_Zgromadzenia_Narodowego_Republiki_Armenii.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Budynek_Zgromadzenia_Narodowego_Republiki_Armenii.jpg/375px-2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Budynek_Zgromadzenia_Narodowego_Republiki_Armenii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Budynek_Zgromadzenia_Narodowego_Republiki_Armenii.jpg/500px-2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Budynek_Zgromadzenia_Narodowego_Republiki_Armenii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2412" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Armenia)" title="National Assembly (Armenia)">National Assembly of Armenia</a> on <a href="/wiki/Baghramyan_Avenue" title="Baghramyan Avenue">Baghramyan Avenue</a></figcaption></figure> Yerevan has been the capital of Armenia since the independence of the First Republic in 1918. Situated in the Ararat Plain, the historic lands of Armenia, it served as the best logical choice for capital of the young republic at the time. When Armenia became a republic of the Soviet Union, Yerevan remained as capital and accommodated all the political and diplomatic institutions in the republic. In 1991 with the independence of Armenia, Yerevan continued with its status as the political and cultural centre of the country, being home to all the national institutions: the <a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Yerevan" title="Government House, Yerevan">Government House</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_Building_of_Armenia" title="National Assembly Building of Armenia">National Assembly</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace,_Yerevan" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Palace, Yerevan">Presidential Palace</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Armenia" title="Central Bank of Armenia">Central Bank</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Armenia" title="Constitutional Court of Armenia">Constitutional Court</a>, all ministries, judicial bodies and other government organizations. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipality">Municipality</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Yerevan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Yerevan">List of mayors of Yerevan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yerevan_city_hall,_vodka_%26_brandy_factory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Yerevan_city_hall%2C_vodka_%26_brandy_factory.jpg/220px-Yerevan_city_hall%2C_vodka_%26_brandy_factory.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Yerevan_city_hall%2C_vodka_%26_brandy_factory.jpg/330px-Yerevan_city_hall%2C_vodka_%26_brandy_factory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Yerevan_city_hall%2C_vodka_%26_brandy_factory.jpg/440px-Yerevan_city_hall%2C_vodka_%26_brandy_factory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4641" data-file-height="3337" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_City_Council" title="Yerevan City Council">Yerevan City Hall</a> (right)</figcaption></figure> Yerevan received the status of a city on 1 October 1879, upon a decree issued by Tsar <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia" title="Alexander II of Russia">Alexander II of Russia</a>. The first city council formed was headed by Hovhannes Ghorghanyan, who became the first mayor of Yerevan. The Constitution of the Republic of Armenia adopted on 5 July 1995, granted Yerevan the status of a <a href="/wiki/Marz_(Armenia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marz (Armenia)">marz</a> (մարզ, province).<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-104">[100]</a> Therefore, Yerevan functions similarly to the provinces of Armenia with a few specifications.<a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a> The administrative authority of Yerevan is thus represented by: <ul><li>the mayor, appointed by the President (who can remove him at any moment) upon the recommendation of the Prime Minister,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-104">[100]</a> alongside a group of four deputy mayors heading eleven ministries (of which financial, transport, urban development etc.),<a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_City_Council" title="Yerevan City Council">Yerevan City Council</a>, regrouping the Heads of community districts under the authority of the mayor,<a href="#cite_note-107">[103]</a></li> <li>twelve "community districts", with each having its own leader and their elected councils.<a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a> Yerevan has a principal city hall and twelve deputy mayors of districts.</li></ul> In the modified Constitution of 27 November 2005, Yerevan city was turned into a "community" (համայնք, hamaynk); since, the Constitution declares that this community has to be led by a mayor, elected directly or indirectly, and that the city needs to be governed by a specific law.<a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a> The first election of the Yerevan City Council took place in <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_City_Council_election,_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="Yerevan City Council election, 2009">2009</a> and won by the ruling <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Armenia" title="Republican Party of Armenia">Republican Party of Armenia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[107]</a> In addition to the national police and road police, Yerevan has its own municipal police. All three bodies cooperate to maintain law in the city. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_districts">Administrative districts</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yerevan-Map-Armenian-Labels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Yerevan-Map-Armenian-Labels.jpg/350px-Yerevan-Map-Armenian-Labels.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Yerevan-Map-Armenian-Labels.jpg/525px-Yerevan-Map-Armenian-Labels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Yerevan-Map-Armenian-Labels.jpg/700px-Yerevan-Map-Armenian-Labels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12480" data-file-height="10606" /></a><figcaption>The twelve districts of Yerevan</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Yerevan" title="Districts of Yerevan">Districts of Yerevan</a></div> Yerevan is divided into twelve "administrative districts" (վարչական շրջան, varčakan šrĵan)<a href="#cite_note-112">[108]</a> each with an elected leader. The total area of the 12 districts of Yerevan is 223 square kilometres (86 square miles).<a href="#cite_note-113">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-2022_Census-19">[17]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>District</th> <th>Armenian</th> <th>Population (2011 census)</th> <th>Population (2016 estimate)</th> <th>Population (2022 census)</th> <th>Area (km2) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ajapnyak_District" title="Ajapnyak District">Ajapnyak</a> </td> <td>Աջափնյակ </td> <td style="text-align:center;">108,282 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">109,100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">111,508 </td> <td>25.82 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabkir_District" title="Arabkir District">Arabkir</a> </td> <td>Արաբկիր </td> <td style="text-align:center;">117,704 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">115,800 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">118,870 </td> <td>13.29 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Avan_District" title="Avan District">Avan</a> </td> <td>Ավան </td> <td style="text-align:center;">53,231 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">53,100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">55,094 </td> <td>7.26 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Davtashen_District" title="Davtashen District">Davtashen</a> </td> <td>Դավթաշեն </td> <td style="text-align:center;">42,380 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">42,500 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">43,704 </td> <td>6.47 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Erebuni_District" title="Erebuni District">Erebuni</a> </td> <td>Էրեբունի </td> <td style="text-align:center;">123,092 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">126,500 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">124,957 </td> <td>47.49 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kanaker-Zeytun_District" title="Kanaker-Zeytun District">Kanaker-Zeytun</a> </td> <td>Քանաքեր-Զեյթուն </td> <td style="text-align:center;">73,886 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">74,100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">73,834 </td> <td>7.73 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kentron_District" title="Kentron District">Kentron</a> </td> <td>Կենտրոն </td> <td style="text-align:center;">125,453 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">125,700 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">119,841 </td> <td>13.35 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malatia-Sebastia_District" title="Malatia-Sebastia District">Malatia-Sebastia</a> </td> <td>Մալաթիա-Սեբաստիա </td> <td style="text-align:center;">132,900 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">135,900 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">140,784 </td> <td>25.16 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nork-Marash_District" title="Nork-Marash District">Nork-Marash</a> </td> <td>Նորք-Մարաշ </td> <td style="text-align:center;">12,049 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">11,800 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">11,098 </td> <td>4.76 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nor_Nork_District" title="Nor Nork District">Nor Nork</a> </td> <td>Նոր Նորք </td> <td style="text-align:center;">126,065 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">130,300 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">134,668 </td> <td>14.11 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nubarashen_District" title="Nubarashen District">Nubarashen</a> </td> <td>Նուբարաշեն </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9,561 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9,800 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">11,794 </td> <td>17.24 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shengavit_District" title="Shengavit District">Shengavit</a> </td> <td>Շենգավիթ </td> <td style="text-align:center;">135,535 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">139,100 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">140,525 </td> <td>40.6 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <table class="floatright" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #DCDCDC; background:#fafafa"> <caption>Historical ethnic composition of Yerevan (excluding the <a href="/wiki/Erivan_Fortress" title="Erivan Fortress">Erivan Fortress</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Karapetyan_1600-1724-116">[112]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:70px;">Year </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width:110px;">Armenians </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width:115px;">Azerbaijanis<a href="#endnote_Azeris">a</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width:100px;">Russians </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width:90px;">Others </th> <th scope="col" style="width:70px;">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1650<a href="#cite_note-Karapetyan_1600-1724-116">[112]</a> </td> <td colspan="2">absolute majority </td> <td colspan="2">— </td> <td colspan="2">— </td> <td colspan="2">— </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1725<a href="#cite_note-Karapetyan_1724-1800-117">[113]</a> </td> <td colspan="2">absolute majority </td> <td colspan="2">— </td> <td colspan="2">— </td> <td colspan="2">— </td> <td>20,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1830<a href="#cite_note-118">[114]</a> </td> <td>4,132 </td> <td>35.7% </td> <td>7,331 </td> <td>64.3% </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>195 </td> <td>1.7% </td> <td>11,463 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1831<a href="#cite_note-:0-119">[115]</a> </td> <td>4,484 </td> <td>37.6% </td> <td>7,331 </td> <td>61.5% </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>105 </td> <td>0.9% </td> <td>11,920 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1873<a href="#cite_note-120">[116]</a> </td> <td>5,900 </td> <td>50.1% </td> <td>5,800 </td> <td>48.7% </td> <td>150 </td> <td>1.3% </td> <td>24 </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>11,938 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1886<a href="#cite_note-:0-119">[115]</a> </td> <td>7,142 </td> <td>48.5% </td> <td>7,228 </td> <td>49.0% </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>368 </td> <td>2.5% </td> <td>14,738 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1897<a href="#cite_note-121">[117]</a> </td> <td>12,523 </td> <td>43.2% </td> <td>12,359 </td> <td>42.6% </td> <td>2,765 </td> <td>9.5% </td> <td>1,359 </td> <td>4.7% </td> <td>29,006 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1908<a href="#cite_note-:0-119">[115]</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>30,670 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1914<a href="#cite_note-122">[118]</a> </td> <td>15,531 </td> <td>52.9% </td> <td>11,496 </td> <td>39.1% </td> <td>1,628 </td> <td>5.5% </td> <td>711 </td> <td>2.4% </td> <td>29,366<a href="#cite_note-123">[e]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1916<a href="#cite_note-124">[119]</a> </td> <td>37,223 </td> <td>72.6% </td> <td>12,557 </td> <td>24.5% </td> <td>1,059 </td> <td>2.1% </td> <td>447 </td> <td>0.9% </td> <td>51,286 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1919<a href="#cite_note-:0-119">[115]</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>48,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1922<a href="#cite_note-:0-119">[115]</a> </td> <td>40,396 </td> <td>86.6% </td> <td>5,124 </td> <td>11.0% </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>1,122 </td> <td>2.4% </td> <td>46,642 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1926<a href="#cite_note-ethnocacucasus-125">[120]</a> </td> <td>59,838 </td> <td>89.2% </td> <td>5,216 </td> <td>7.8% </td> <td>1,401 </td> <td>2.1% </td> <td>666 </td> <td>1% </td> <td>67,121 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1931<a href="#cite_note-:0-119">[115]</a> </td> <td>80,327 </td> <td>90.4% </td> <td>5,620 </td> <td>6.3% </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>2,957 </td> <td>3.3% </td> <td>88,904 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1939<a href="#cite_note-ethnocacucasus-125">[120]</a> </td> <td>174,484 </td> <td>87.1% </td> <td>6,569 </td> <td>3.3% </td> <td>15,043 </td> <td>7.5% </td> <td>4,300 </td> <td>2.1% </td> <td>200,396 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1959<a href="#cite_note-ethnocacucasus-125">[120]</a> </td> <td>473,742 </td> <td>93.0% </td> <td>3,413 </td> <td>0.7% </td> <td>22,572 </td> <td>4.4% </td> <td>9,613 </td> <td>1.9% </td> <td>509,340 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1970<a href="#cite_note-126">[121]</a> </td> <td>738,045 </td> <td>95.2% </td> <td>2,721 </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>21,802 </td> <td>2.8% </td> <td>12,460 </td> <td>1.6% </td> <td>775,028 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1979<a href="#cite_note-ethnocacucasus-125">[120]</a> </td> <td>974,126 </td> <td>95.8% </td> <td>2,341 </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>26,141 </td> <td>2.6% </td> <td>14,681 </td> <td>1.4% </td> <td>1,017,289 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1989<a href="#cite_note-127">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[123]</a> </td> <td>1,100,372 </td> <td>96.5% </td> <td>897 </td> <td>0.0% </td> <td>22,216 </td> <td>2.0% </td> <td>17,507 </td> <td>1.5% </td> <td>1,201,539 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">2001<a href="#cite_note-129">[124]</a> </td> <td>1,088,389 </td> <td>98.6% </td> <td colspan="2">— </td> <td>6,684 </td> <td>0.61% </td> <td>8,415 </td> <td>0.76% </td> <td>1,103,488 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">2011<a href="#cite_note-130">[125]</a> </td> <td>1,048,940 </td> <td>98.9% </td> <td colspan="2">— </td> <td>4,940 </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td>6,258 </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>1,060,138 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a href="#ref_Azeris">^a</a> Called Tatars prior to 1918 </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1897</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">29,006</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">62,180</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+114.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">200,396</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+222.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1959</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">509,340</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+154.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">775,028</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+52.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1979</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,025,959</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+32.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1989</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,201,539</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,103,488</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−8.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,060,138</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,086,677</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.5%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="#cite_note-131">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[127]</a></td></tr></tbody></table>Originally a small town, Yerevan became the capital of Armenia and a large city with over one million inhabitants.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Until the fall of the Soviet Union, the majority of the population of Yerevan were Armenians with minorities of <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a> and Iranians present as well. However, with the breakout of the <a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a> from 1988 to 1994, the Azerbaijani minority diminished in the country in what was part of population exchanges between Armenia and Azerbaijan. A big part of the Russian minority also fled the country during the 1990s economic crisis in the country.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Today, the population of Yerevan is overwhelmingly Armenian. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, due to economic crises, thousands fled Armenia, mostly to Russia, North America and Europe. The population of Yerevan fell from 1,250,000 in 1989<a href="#cite_note-Azatian-90">[86]</a> to 1,103,488 in 2001<a href="#cite_note-133">[128]</a> and to 1,091,235 in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-ArmStat_2003-134">[129]</a> However, the population of Yerevan has been increasing since. In 2007, the capital had 1,107,800 inhabitants. Yerevantsis in general use the <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_dialect" title="Yerevan dialect">Yerevan dialect</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Armenian" title="Eastern Armenian">Eastern Armenian</a> dialect most probably formed during the 13th century. It is currently spoken in and around Yerevan, including the towns of <a href="/wiki/Vagharshapat" title="Vagharshapat">Vagharshapat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ashtarak" title="Ashtarak">Ashtarak</a>. <a href="/wiki/Classical_Armenian" title="Classical Armenian">Classical Armenian</a> (Grabar) words compose a significant part of the dialect's vocabulary.<a href="#cite_note-Markossian-135">[130]</a> Throughout the history, it was influenced by several languages, especially <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Loan_word" class="mw-redirect" title="Loan word">loan words</a> have significant presence in it today. It is currently the most widespread Armenian dialect.<a href="#cite_note-Baghdassarian-Tapaltsian-136">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Nikolai.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/St._Nikolai.png/220px-St._Nikolai.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/St._Nikolai.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nikolai_Cathedral,_Yerevan" title="Saint Nikolai Cathedral, Yerevan">Saint Nikolai Russian Cathedral</a>, destroyed in 1931</figcaption></figure> Yerevan was inhabited first by Armenians and remained homogeneous until the 15th century.<a href="#cite_note-Karapetyan_1600-1724-116">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-Karapetyan_1724-1800-117">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-worldhistory-137">[132]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] The population of the <a href="/wiki/Erivan_Fortress" title="Erivan Fortress">Erivan Fortress</a>, founded in the 1580s, was mainly composed of Muslim soldiers, estimated two to three thousand.<a href="#cite_note-Karapetyan_1600-1724-116">[112]</a> The city itself was mainly populated by Armenians. French traveler <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Tavernier" title="Jean-Baptiste Tavernier">Jean-Baptiste Tavernier</a>, who visited Yerevan possibly up to six times between 1631 and 1668, states that the city is exclusively populated by Armenians.<a href="#cite_note-Tavernier-138">[133]</a> Although much of the Armenian population of the city was deported during the 17th century,<a href="#cite_note-v8f5-65">[61]</a> the city remained Armenian-majority during the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Hotaki_War_(1722%E2%80%931727)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman–Hotaki War (1722–1727)">Ottoman–Hotaki War (1722–1727)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Karapetyan_1724-1800-117">[113]</a> The demographics of the region changed because of a series of wars between the Ottoman Empire, Iran and Russia. In the early 19th century Yerevan had a Muslim majority, mainly with an Armenian and "Caucasian Tatar" population.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBournoutian198013-139">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[135]</a> According to the traveler <a href="/wiki/H._F._B._Lynch" title="H. F. B. Lynch">H. F. B. Lynch</a>, the city was about 50% Armenian and 50% Muslim (<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijani people">Azerbaijanis</a> and Persians) in the early 1890s <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKettenhofenBournoutianHewsen1998542–551-141">[136]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a>, many refugees from what Armenians call <a href="/wiki/Western_Armenia" title="Western Armenia">Western Armenia</a> (nowadays Turkey, then <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>) escaped to Eastern Armenia. In 1919, about 75,000 Armenian refugees from the Ottoman Empire arrived in Yerevan, mostly from the <a href="/wiki/Vaspurakan" title="Vaspurakan">Vaspurakan</a> region (city of <a href="/wiki/Van,_Turkey" title="Van, Turkey">Van</a> and <a href="/wiki/Van_vilayet" title="Van vilayet">surroundings</a>). A significant part of these refugees died of typhus and other diseases.<a href="#cite_note-142">[137]</a> From 1921 to 1936, about 42,000 ethnic Armenians from Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Greece, Syria, France, Bulgaria etc. went to Soviet Armenia, with most of them settling in Yerevan. The second wave of repatriation occurred from 1946 to 1948, when about 100,000 ethnic Armenians from Iran, Syria, Lebanon, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Cyprus, Palestine, Iraq, Egypt, France, United States etc. moved to Soviet Armenia, again most of whom settled in Yerevan. Thus, the ethnic makeup of Yerevan became more <a href="/wiki/Monoethnicity" title="Monoethnicity">monoethnic</a> during the first 3 decades in the Soviet Union. The Azerbaijani population of Yerevan, who made up 43% of the population of the city prior to the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>, dropped to 0.7% by 1959 and further to 0.1% by 1989, during the <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[138]</a> There is an <a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indian</a> population in Armenia, with over 22,000 residents recorded in the country. Much of this population resides in Yerevan, where a large proportion run businesses, Indian restaurants, and study in Yerevan universities.<a href="#cite_note-JamNews-144">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Yerevan" title="List of churches in Yerevan">List of churches in Yerevan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Armenia" title="Religion in Armenia">Religion in Armenia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Armenian_Apostolic_Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Peter_and_Paul_Church,_Yerevan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Saint_Peter_and_Paul_Church%2C_Yerevan.jpg/220px-Saint_Peter_and_Paul_Church%2C_Yerevan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Saint_Peter_and_Paul_Church%2C_Yerevan.jpg/330px-Saint_Peter_and_Paul_Church%2C_Yerevan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Saint_Peter_and_Paul_Church%2C_Yerevan.jpg/440px-Saint_Peter_and_Paul_Church%2C_Yerevan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="379" /></a><figcaption>The 5th-century <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_and_Peter_Church,_Yerevan" title="Saint Paul and Peter Church, Yerevan">Saint Paul and Peter Church</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Christianity</a> is the predominant religion in Armenia. The 5th-century <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_and_Peter_Church,_Yerevan" title="Saint Paul and Peter Church, Yerevan">Saint Paul and Peter Church</a> demolished in November 1930 by the Soviets, was among the earliest churches ever built in Erebuni-Yerevan. Many of the ancient Armenian and medieval churches of the city were destroyed by the Soviets in the 1930s during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Purge" title="Great Purge">Great Purge</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Surb_Hovanes_Mkrtich_Church,_Kond.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Surb_Hovanes_Mkrtich_Church%2C_Kond.JPG/220px-Surb_Hovanes_Mkrtich_Church%2C_Kond.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Surb_Hovanes_Mkrtich_Church%2C_Kond.JPG/330px-Surb_Hovanes_Mkrtich_Church%2C_Kond.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Surb_Hovanes_Mkrtich_Church%2C_Kond.JPG/440px-Surb_Hovanes_Mkrtich_Church%2C_Kond.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3617" data-file-height="2753" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint_John_the_Baptist_Church,_Yerevan" title="Saint John the Baptist Church, Yerevan">Saint John the Baptist Church</a>, consecrated in 1710</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St.Sarqis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/St.Sarqis.jpg/220px-St.Sarqis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/St.Sarqis.jpg/330px-St.Sarqis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/St.Sarqis.jpg/440px-St.Sarqis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="793" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint_Sarkis_Cathedral,_Yerevan" title="Saint Sarkis Cathedral, Yerevan">Surp Sarkis</a> Church, consecrated in 1842</figcaption></figure> The regulating body of the Armenian Church in Yerevan is the <a href="/wiki/Araratian_Pontifical_Diocese" title="Araratian Pontifical Diocese">Araratian Pontifical Diocese</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Sarkis_Cathedral,_Yerevan" title="Saint Sarkis Cathedral, Yerevan">Surp Sarkis Cathedral</a> being the seat of the diocese. It is the largest diocese of the Armenian Church and one of the oldest dioceses in the world, covering the city of Yerevan and the <a href="/wiki/Ararat_Province" title="Ararat Province">Ararat Province</a> of Armenia.<a href="#cite_note-araratian-tem1-33">[29]</a> Yerevan is currently home to the largest Armenian church in the world, the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Gregory_the_Illuminator_Cathedral,_Yerevan" title="Saint Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral, Yerevan">Cathedral of Saint Gregory the Illuminator</a>. It was consecrated in 2001, during the 1700th anniversary of the establishment of the Armenian Church and the adoption of Christianity as the national religion in Armenia. As of 2017, Yerevan has 17 active Armenian churches as well as four chapels. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russian_Orthodox_Church">Russian Orthodox Church</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%282%29.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%282%29.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%282%29.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Holy Cross Russian Orthodox Church, consecrated in 2017</figcaption></figure> After the capture of Yerevan by the Russians as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826%E2%80%931828)" title="Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)">Russo-Persian War of 1826–28</a>, many <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox</a> churches were built in the city under the orders of the Russian commander General <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Paskevich" title="Ivan Paskevich">Ivan Paskevich</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Saint_Nikolai_Cathedral,_Yerevan" title="Saint Nikolai Cathedral, Yerevan">Saint Nikolai Cathedral</a> opened during the second half of the 19th century, was the largest Russian church in the city. The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Intercession_of_the_Holy_Mother_of_God" title="Church of the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God">Church of the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God</a> was opened in 1916 in <a href="/wiki/Kanaker-Zeytun_District" title="Kanaker-Zeytun District">Kanaker-Zeytun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[141]</a> However, most of the churches were either closed or demolished by the Soviets during the 1930s. The Saint Nikolai Cathedral was entirely destroyed in 1931, while the Church of the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God was closed and converted first into a warehouse and later into a club for the military personnel. Religious services resumed in the church in 1991, and in 2004 a cupola and a belfry were added to the building.<a href="#cite_note-147">[142]</a> In 2010, the groundbreaking ceremony of the new Holy Cross Russian Orthodox church took place with the presence of Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Kirill_I_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirill I of Moscow">Kirill I of Moscow</a>. The church was eventually consecrated on 7 October 2017, with the presence of Catholicos <a href="/wiki/Karekin_II" title="Karekin II">Karekin II</a>, Russian bishops and the church benefactor <a href="/wiki/Ara_Abramyan" title="Ara Abramyan">Ara Abramyan</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_religions">Other religions</h4></div> According to Ivan Chopin, there were eight mosques in Yerevan in the middle of the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-148">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[144]</a> The 18th-century <a href="/wiki/Blue_Mosque,_Yerevan" title="Blue Mosque, Yerevan">Blue Mosque of Yerevan</a> was restored and reopened in the 1990s, with Iranian funding,<a href="#cite_note-150">[145]</a> and is currently the only active mosque in Armenia, mainly serving Iranian <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> visitors. Yerevan is home to tiny <a href="/wiki/Yazidis_in_Armenia" title="Yazidis in Armenia">Yezidi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molokan" class="mw-redirect" title="Molokan">Molokan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hetanism" title="Hetanism">Neopagan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Armenia" title="History of the Jews in Armenia">Jewish</a> communities, with the Jewish community being represented by the Jewish Council of Armenia. A variety of <a href="/wiki/Nontrinitarianism" title="Nontrinitarianism">nontrinitarian</a> communities, considered dangerous sects by the Armenian Apostolic Church,<a href="#cite_note-151">[146]</a> are also found in the city, including <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mormons" title="Mormons">Mormons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Livets_Ord" class="mw-redirect" title="Livets Ord">Word of Life</a>.<a href="#cite_note-152">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_and_medical_care">Health and medical care</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shengavit_Medical_Center_-_%D5%87%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A9_%D5%A2%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Shengavit_Medical_Center_-_%D5%87%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A9_%D5%A2%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6.jpg/220px-Shengavit_Medical_Center_-_%D5%87%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A9_%D5%A2%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Shengavit_Medical_Center_-_%D5%87%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A9_%D5%A2%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6.jpg/330px-Shengavit_Medical_Center_-_%D5%87%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A9_%D5%A2%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Shengavit_Medical_Center_-_%D5%87%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A9_%D5%A2%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6.jpg/440px-Shengavit_Medical_Center_-_%D5%87%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A9_%D5%A2%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shengavit_Medical_Center" title="Shengavit Medical Center">Shengavit Medical Center</a></figcaption></figure> Yerevan is a major healthcare and medical service centre in the region. Several hospitals of Yerevan, refurbished with modern technologies, provide healthcare and conduct medical research, such as <a href="/wiki/Shengavit_Medical_Center" title="Shengavit Medical Center">Shengavit Medical Center</a>, Erebouni Medical Center, <a href="/wiki/Izmirlian_Medical_Center" title="Izmirlian Medical Center">Izmirlian Medical Center</a>, Saint Gregory the Illuminator Medical Center, <a href="/wiki/Nork-Marash_Medical_Center" title="Nork-Marash Medical Center">Nork-Marash Medical Center</a>, Armenia Republican Medical Center, Astghik Medical Center, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_American_Wellness_Center" title="Armenian American Wellness Center">Armenian American Wellness Center</a>, and Mkhitar Heratsi Hospital Complex of the <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_State_Medical_University" title="Yerevan State Medical University">Yerevan State Medical University</a>. The municipality runs 39 polyclinics/medical centers throughout the city. The Research Center of Maternal and Child Health Protection has operated in Yerevan since 1937, while the <a href="/wiki/Armenicum" title="Armenicum">Armenicum Clinical Center</a> was opened in 1999,<a href="#cite_note-153">[148]</a> where research is conducted mainly related to infectious diseases, including <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immunodeficiency" title="Immunodeficiency">immunodeficiency disorders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis" title="Hepatitis">hepatitis</a>. The Liqvor Pharmaceuticals Factory, operating in Yerevan since 1991, is currently the largest medicine manufacturer of Armenia.<a href="#cite_note-154">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> Yerevan is Armenia's principal cultural, artistic, and industrial center, with a large number of museums, important monuments and the national public library. It also hosts <a href="/wiki/Vardavar" title="Vardavar">Vardavar</a>, the most widely celebrated festival among Armenians, and is one of the historic centres of traditional <a href="/wiki/Armenian_carpet" title="Armenian carpet">Armenian carpet weaving</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Yerevan" title="List of museums in Yerevan">List of museums in Yerevan</a></div> Yerevan is home to a large number of museums, art galleries and libraries. The most prominent of these are the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Armenia" title="National Gallery of Armenia">National Gallery of Armenia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/History_Museum_of_Armenia" title="History Museum of Armenia">History Museum of Armenia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cafesjian_Museum_of_Art" title="Cafesjian Museum of Art">Cafesjian Museum of Art</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Matenadaran" title="Matenadaran">Matenadaran</a> library of ancient manuscripts, and the Armenian Genocide Museum at the <a href="/wiki/Tsitsernakaberd" title="Tsitsernakaberd">Tsitsernakaberd</a> Armenian Genocide Memorial Complex. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Armenia_Museum_of_Art_and_History.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Armenia_Museum_of_Art_and_History.jpg/220px-Armenia_Museum_of_Art_and_History.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Armenia_Museum_of_Art_and_History.jpg/330px-Armenia_Museum_of_Art_and_History.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Armenia_Museum_of_Art_and_History.jpg/440px-Armenia_Museum_of_Art_and_History.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3992" data-file-height="2661" /></a><figcaption>The National Gallery of Armenia</figcaption></figure> Founded in 1921, the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Armenia" title="National Gallery of Armenia">National Gallery of Armenia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/History_Museum_of_Armenia" title="History Museum of Armenia">History Museum of Armenia</a> are the principal museums of the city. In addition to having a permanent exposition of works by Armenian painters, the gallery houses a collection of paintings, drawings and sculptures by German, American, Austrian, Belgian, Spanish, French, Hungarian, Italian, Dutch, Russian and Swiss artists.<a href="#cite_note-155">[150]</a> It usually hosts temporary expositions. The Armenian Genocide Museum is located at the foot of the Tsitsernakaberd Armenian Genocide Memorial Complex and features numerous eyewitness accounts, texts and photographs from the time. It comprises a memorial stone made of three parts, the latter of which is dedicated to the intellectual and political figures who, as the museum's site says, "raised their protest against the Genocide committed against the Armenians by the Turks," such as <a href="/wiki/Armin_T._Wegner" title="Armin T. Wegner">Armin T. Wegner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anna_Hedvig_B%C3%BCll" title="Anna Hedvig Büll">Hedvig Büll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Morgenthau_Sr." title="Henry Morgenthau Sr.">Henry Morgenthau Sr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Werfel" title="Franz Werfel">Franz Werfel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Lepsius" title="Johannes Lepsius">Johannes Lepsius</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Bryce,_1st_Viscount_Bryce" title="James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce">James Bryce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anatole_France" title="Anatole France">Anatole France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Gorrini" title="Giacomo Gorrini">Giacomo Gorrini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV" title="Pope Benedict XV">Benedict XV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a>, and others. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Yerevan_and_Mount_Ararat_from_Cafesjian_Museum_of_Art.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/View_of_Yerevan_and_Mount_Ararat_from_Cafesjian_Museum_of_Art.JPG/220px-View_of_Yerevan_and_Mount_Ararat_from_Cafesjian_Museum_of_Art.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/View_of_Yerevan_and_Mount_Ararat_from_Cafesjian_Museum_of_Art.JPG/330px-View_of_Yerevan_and_Mount_Ararat_from_Cafesjian_Museum_of_Art.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/View_of_Yerevan_and_Mount_Ararat_from_Cafesjian_Museum_of_Art.JPG/440px-View_of_Yerevan_and_Mount_Ararat_from_Cafesjian_Museum_of_Art.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2367" data-file-height="1479" /></a><figcaption>View from a garden terrace of the Cafesjian Museum of Art at <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Cascade" title="Yerevan Cascade">the Cascade</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Cafesjian_Museum_of_Art" title="Cafesjian Museum of Art">Cafesjian Museum of Art</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Cascade" title="Yerevan Cascade">Yerevan Cascade</a> is an art centre opened on 7 November 2009. It showcases a massive collection of glass artwork, particularly the works of the Czech artists <a href="/wiki/Stanislav_Libensk%C3%BD_and_Jaroslava_Brychtov%C3%A1" title="Stanislav Libenský and Jaroslava Brychtová">Stanislav Libenský and Jaroslava Brychtová</a>. The front gardens showcase sculptures from Gerard L. Cafesjian's collection. The <a href="/wiki/Erebuni_Museum" title="Erebuni Museum">Erebuni Museum</a> founded in 1968, is an archaeological museum housing <a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartian</a> artifacts found during excavations at the <a href="/wiki/Erebuni_Fortress" title="Erebuni Fortress">Erebuni Fortress</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_History_Museum" title="Yerevan History Museum">Yerevan History Museum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/ARF_History_Museum" title="ARF History Museum">Armenian Revolutionary Federation History Museum</a> are among the prominent museums that feature the history of Yerevan and the First Republic of Armenia respectively. The Military Museum within the <a href="/wiki/Mother_Armenia" title="Mother Armenia">Mother Armenia</a> complex is about the participation of Armenian soldiers in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_1.jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_1.jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_1.jpg/440px-%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Komitas Museum</figcaption></figure> The city is also home to a large number of art museums. <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Parajanov_Museum" title="Sergei Parajanov Museum">Sergei Parajanov Museum</a> opened in 1988 is dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Parajanov" title="Sergei Parajanov">Sergei Parajanov</a>'s art works in cinema and painting.<a href="#cite_note-156">[151]</a> <a href="/wiki/Komitas_Museum" title="Komitas Museum">Komitas Museum</a> opened in 2015, is a musical art museum devoted to the renowned Armenian composer <a href="/wiki/Komitas" title="Komitas">Komitas</a>. <a href="/wiki/Charents_Museum_of_Literature_and_Arts" title="Charents Museum of Literature and Arts">Charents Museum of Literature and Arts</a> opened in 1921, <a href="/wiki/Modern_Art_Museum_of_Yerevan" title="Modern Art Museum of Yerevan">Modern Art Museum of Yerevan</a> opened in 1972, and the <a href="/wiki/Near_East_Art_Museum" title="Near East Art Museum">Middle East Art Museum</a> opened in 1993, are also among the notable art museums of the city.<a href="#cite_note-157">[152]</a> Biographical museums are also common in Yerevan. Many renowned Armenian poets, painters and musicians are honored with house-museums in their memory, such as poet <a href="/wiki/Hovhannes_Tumanyan" title="Hovhannes Tumanyan">Hovhannes Tumanyan</a>, composer <a href="/wiki/Aram_Khachaturian" title="Aram Khachaturian">Aram Khachaturian</a>, painter <a href="/wiki/Martiros_Saryan" title="Martiros Saryan">Martiros Saryan</a>, novelist <a href="/wiki/Khachatur_Abovian" title="Khachatur Abovian">Khachatur Abovian</a>, and French-Armenian singer <a href="/wiki/Charles_Aznavour" title="Charles Aznavour">Charles Aznavour</a>. Many museums of science and technology have opened in Yerevan, such as the Museum of Armenian Medicine (1999), the Space Museum of Yerevan (2001), Museum of Science and Technology (2008), Museum of Communications (2012) and the Little Einstein Interactive Science Museum (2016). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries">Libraries</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matenadaran,_Erev%C3%A1n,_Armenia,_2016-10-03,_DD_22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Matenadaran%2C_Erev%C3%A1n%2C_Armenia%2C_2016-10-03%2C_DD_22.jpg/220px-Matenadaran%2C_Erev%C3%A1n%2C_Armenia%2C_2016-10-03%2C_DD_22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Matenadaran%2C_Erev%C3%A1n%2C_Armenia%2C_2016-10-03%2C_DD_22.jpg/330px-Matenadaran%2C_Erev%C3%A1n%2C_Armenia%2C_2016-10-03%2C_DD_22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Matenadaran%2C_Erev%C3%A1n%2C_Armenia%2C_2016-10-03%2C_DD_22.jpg/440px-Matenadaran%2C_Erev%C3%A1n%2C_Armenia%2C_2016-10-03%2C_DD_22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7685" data-file-height="5123" /></a><figcaption>Matenadaran library-museum of ancient manuscripts</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Armenia" title="National Library of Armenia">National Library of Armenia</a> located on Teryan Street is the chief public library of the city and the entire republic. It was founded in 1832 and is operating in its current building since 1939. Another national library of Yerevan is the <a href="/wiki/Khnko_Aper_Children%27s_Library" title="Khnko Aper Children's Library">Khnko Aper Children's Library</a>, founded in 1933. Other major public libraries include the <a href="/wiki/City_Central_Library_after_Avetik_Isahakyan" title="City Central Library after Avetik Isahakyan">Avetik Isahakyan Central Library</a> founded in 1935, the Republican Library of Medical Sciences founded in 1939, the Library of Science and Technology founded in 1957, and the Musical Library founded in 1965. In addition, each administrative district of Yerevan has its own public library (usually more than one library). The <a href="/wiki/Matenadaran" title="Matenadaran">Matenadaran</a> is a library-museum and a research centre, regrouping 17,000 ancient manuscripts and several bibles from the Middle Ages. Its archives hold a rich collection of valuable ancient <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic language">Aramaic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Neo-Aramaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian Neo-Aramaic">Assyrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Modern Persian</a> manuscripts. It is located on <a href="/wiki/Mashtots_Avenue" title="Mashtots Avenue">Mashtots Avenue</a> at central Yerevan. On 6 June 2010, Yerevan was named as the 2012 <a href="/wiki/World_Book_Capital" title="World Book Capital">World Book Capital</a> by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (<a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>). The Armenian capital was chosen for the quality and variety of the programme it presented to the selection committee, which met at UNESCO's headquarters in Paris on 2 July 2010. The <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_of_Armenia" title="National Archives of Armenia">National Archives of Armenia</a> founded in 1923, is a scientific research centre and depositary, with a collection of around 3.5 million units of valuable documents. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Armenian_art" title="Armenian art">Armenian art</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yerevan_Vernissage_carpets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Yerevan_Vernissage_carpets.jpg/220px-Yerevan_Vernissage_carpets.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Yerevan_Vernissage_carpets.jpg/330px-Yerevan_Vernissage_carpets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Yerevan_Vernissage_carpets.jpg/440px-Yerevan_Vernissage_carpets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1424" /></a><figcaption>Handmade Armenian rugs at the Yerevan Vernissage</figcaption></figure> Yerevan is one of the historic centres of traditional <a href="/wiki/Armenian_carpet" title="Armenian carpet">Armenian carpet</a>. Various rug fragments have been excavated in areas around Yerevan dating back to the 7th century BC or earlier. The tradition was further developed from the 16th century when Yerevan became the central city of <a href="/wiki/Persian_Armenia_(1502-1828)" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Armenia (1502-1828)">Persian Armenia</a>. However, carpet manufacturing in the city was greatly enriched with the flock of Western Armenian migrants from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> throughout the 19th century, and the arrival of Armenian refugees escaping the genocide in the early 20th century. Currently, the city is home to the Arm Carpet factory opened in 1924, as well as the Tufenkian handmade carpets (since 1994), and Megerian handmade carpets (since 2000). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yerevan_-_July_2017_-_various_topics_-_4.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Yerevan_-_July_2017_-_various_topics_-_4.JPG/220px-Yerevan_-_July_2017_-_various_topics_-_4.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Yerevan_-_July_2017_-_various_topics_-_4.JPG/330px-Yerevan_-_July_2017_-_various_topics_-_4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Yerevan_-_July_2017_-_various_topics_-_4.JPG/440px-Yerevan_-_July_2017_-_various_topics_-_4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Paintings exhibited at Saryan Park</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Vernissage" title="Yerevan Vernissage">Yerevan Vernissage</a> open-air exhibition-market formed in the late 1980s on <a href="/wiki/Aram_Street" title="Aram Street">Aram Street</a>, features a large collection of different types of traditional Armenian hand-made art works, especially woodwork sculptures, rugs and carpets. On the other hand, the Saryan park located near the opera house, is famous for being a permanent venue where artists exhibit their paintings. The <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Center_for_Contemporary_Experimental_Art" title="Armenian Center for Contemporary Experimental Art">Armenian Center for Contemporary Experimental Art</a> founded in 1992 in Yerevan,<a href="#cite_note-158">[153]</a> is a creativity centre helping to exchange experience between professional artists in an appropriate atmosphere.<a href="#cite_note-159">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Music">Music</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Armenia" title="Music of Armenia">Music of Armenia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%93pera,_Erev%C3%A1n,_Armenia,_2016-10-03,_DD_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%C3%93pera%2C_Erev%C3%A1n%2C_Armenia%2C_2016-10-03%2C_DD_12.jpg/220px-%C3%93pera%2C_Erev%C3%A1n%2C_Armenia%2C_2016-10-03%2C_DD_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%C3%93pera%2C_Erev%C3%A1n%2C_Armenia%2C_2016-10-03%2C_DD_12.jpg/330px-%C3%93pera%2C_Erev%C3%A1n%2C_Armenia%2C_2016-10-03%2C_DD_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/%C3%93pera%2C_Erev%C3%A1n%2C_Armenia%2C_2016-10-03%2C_DD_12.jpg/440px-%C3%93pera%2C_Erev%C3%A1n%2C_Armenia%2C_2016-10-03%2C_DD_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7996" data-file-height="4087" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Opera_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Yerevan Opera Theater">Yerevan Opera Theater</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_folk_music" title="Armenian folk music">folk</a> and traditional music are among several genres that are popular in the city of Yerevan. A large number of ensembles, orchestras and choirs of different types of Armenian and international music are active in the city. The <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Armenian Philharmonic Orchestra">Armenian Philharmonic Orchestra</a> founded in 1925, is one of the oldest musical groups in Yerevan and modern Armenia. The <a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Radio_Chamber_Choir" title="Armenian National Radio Chamber Choir">Armenian National Radio Chamber Choir</a> founded in 1929, won the First Prize of the Soviet Union in the 1931 competition of choirs among the <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">republics of the Soviet Union</a>. Folk and classical music of Armenia was taught in state-sponsored conservatoires during the Soviet days. The Sayat-Nova Armenian Folk Song Ensemble was founded in Yerevan in 1938. Currently directed by Tovmas Poghosyan, the ensemble performs the works of prominent Armenian <a href="/wiki/Gusans" title="Gusans">gusans</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Sayat-Nova" title="Sayat-Nova">Sayat-Nova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jivani" title="Jivani">Jivani</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sheram" title="Sheram">Sheram</a>. In 1939, the <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Opera_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Yerevan Opera Theater">Armenian National Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet</a> was opened. It is home to the Aram Khatchaturian concert hall and the Alexander Spendiarian auditorium of the National Theatre of Opera and Ballet. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B7%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84._%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8_(3).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B7%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84._%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8_%283%29.JPG/220px-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B7%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84._%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8_%283%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B7%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84._%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8_%283%29.JPG/330px-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B7%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84._%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8_%283%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B7%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84._%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8_%283%29.JPG/440px-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B7%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84._%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8_%283%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Komitas Chamber Music House</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Komitas_Chamber_Music_House" title="Komitas Chamber Music House">Komitas Chamber Music House</a> opened in 1977, is the home of <a href="/wiki/Chamber_music" title="Chamber music">chamber music</a> performers and lovers in Armenia. In 1983, the <a href="/wiki/Karen_Demirchyan_Complex" title="Karen Demirchyan Complex">Karen Demirchyan Sports and Concerts Complex</a> was opened. It is currently the largest indoor venue in Armenia. The <a href="/wiki/National_Chamber_Orchestra_of_Armenia" title="National Chamber Orchestra of Armenia">National Chamber Orchestra of Armenia</a> (founded in 1961), Yerevan State Brass Band (1964), Folk Instruments Orchestra of Armenia (1977), Gusan and Folk Song Ensemble of Armenia (1983), <a href="/wiki/Hover_Chamber_Choir" title="Hover Chamber Choir">Hover Chamber Choir</a> (1992), <a href="/wiki/Shoghaken_Folk_Ensemble" title="Shoghaken Folk Ensemble">Shoghaken Folk Ensemble</a> (1995), Yerevan State Chamber Choir (1996), State Orchestra of Armenian National Instruments (2004), and the Youth State Orchestra of Armenia (2005), are also among the famous musical ensembles of the city of Yerevan. The <a href="/wiki/Ars_lunga" title="Ars lunga">Ars lunga</a> <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a>-<a href="/wiki/Cello" title="Cello">cello</a> duo achieved international fame since its foundation in 2009 in Yerevan.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Armenian religious music remained liturgical until <a href="/wiki/Komitas" title="Komitas">Komitas</a> introduced <a href="/wiki/Polyphony" title="Polyphony">polyphony</a> by the end of the 19th century. Starting from the late 1950s, religious music became widely spread when <a href="/wiki/Armenian_chant" title="Armenian chant">Armenian chants</a> (also known as sharakans) were performed by the <a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a> <a href="/wiki/Lusine_Zakaryan" title="Lusine Zakaryan">Lusine Zakaryan</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]The state-run Tagharan Ensemble of Yerevan founded in 1981 and currently directed by Sedrak Yerkanian, also performs ritual and ancient Armenian music.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a> is also among the popular genres in Yerevan. The first <a href="/wiki/Jazz_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazz in Armenia">jazz band in Yerevan</a> was founded in 1936. Currently, many jazz and <a href="/wiki/Ethno_jazz" title="Ethno jazz">ethno jazz</a> bands are active in Yerevan such as Time Report, Art Voices, and <a href="/wiki/Nuance_Jazz_Band" title="Nuance Jazz Band">Nuance Jazz Band</a>. The Malkhas jazz club founded by renowned artist Levon Malkhasian, is among the most popular clubs in the city. The Yerevan Jazz Fest is an annual jazz festival taking place every autumn since 2015, organized by the Armenian Jazz Association with the support of the Yerevan Municipality.<a href="#cite_note-160">[155]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KOHAR_with_stars_of_Armenia-Yerevan-May_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/KOHAR_with_stars_of_Armenia-Yerevan-May_2011.jpg/220px-KOHAR_with_stars_of_Armenia-Yerevan-May_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/KOHAR_with_stars_of_Armenia-Yerevan-May_2011.jpg/330px-KOHAR_with_stars_of_Armenia-Yerevan-May_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/KOHAR_with_stars_of_Armenia-Yerevan-May_2011.jpg/440px-KOHAR_with_stars_of_Armenia-Yerevan-May_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="344" /></a><figcaption>KOHAR performing at the Freedom Square in 2011</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_rock" title="Armenian rock">Armenian rock</a> has been originated in Yerevan in the mid-1960s, mainly through <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meschian" title="Arthur Meschian">Arthur Meschian</a> and his band Arakyalner (Disciples). In the early 1970s, there were a range of professional bands in Yerevan strong enough to compete with their Soviet counterparts. In post-Soviet Armenia, an Armenian progressive rock scene has been developed in Yerevan, mainly through <a href="/wiki/Vahan_Artsruni" title="Vahan Artsruni">Vahan Artsruni</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Oaksenham" title="Oaksenham">Oaksenham</a> rock band, and the <a href="/wiki/Dorians_(band)" title="Dorians (band)">Dorians</a> band. The <a href="/wiki/Arto_Tun%C3%A7boyac%C4%B1yan#Armenian_Navy_Band" title="Arto Tunçboyacıyan">Armenian Navy Band</a> founded by <a href="/wiki/Arto_Tun%C3%A7boyac%C4%B1yan" title="Arto Tunçboyacıyan">Arto Tunçboyacıyan</a> in 1998 is also famous for jazz, <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_music" title="Avant-garde music">avant-garde</a> and folk music. <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a> is also becoming popular in Yerevan mainly through the <a href="/wiki/Reincarnation_(band)" title="Reincarnation (band)">Reincarnation</a> musical band. The Cafesjian Center for the Arts is known for its regularly programmed events including the "Cafesjian Classical Music Series" on the first Wednesday of each month, and the "Music Cascade" series of jazz, pop and rock music live concerts performed every Friday and Saturday. Open-air concerts are frequently held in curtain location in Yerevan during summer, such as the Cafesjian Sculpture Garden on Tamanyan Street, the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Square,_Yerevan" title="Freedom Square, Yerevan">Freedom Square</a> near the Opera House, the Republic Square, etc. The famous <a href="/wiki/KOHAR_Symphony_Orchestra_and_Choir" title="KOHAR Symphony Orchestra and Choir">KOHAR Symphony Orchestra and Choir</a> occasionally performs open-air concerts in the city. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dance">Dance</h4></div> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_dance" title="Armenian dance">Traditional dancing</a> is very popular among Armenians. During the cool summertime of the Yerevan city, it is very common to find people dancing in groups at the Northern Avenue or the <a href="/wiki/Tamanyan_Street" title="Tamanyan Street">Tamanyan Street</a> near the cascade. Professional dance groups were formed in Yerevan during the Soviet days. The first group was the Armenian Folk Music and Dance Ensemble founded in 1938 by <a href="/wiki/Tatul_Altunyan" title="Tatul Altunyan">Tatul Altunyan</a>. It was followed by the State Dance Ensemble of Armenia in 1958. In 1963, the Berd Dance Ensemble was formed. The Barekamutyun State Dance Ensemble of Armenia was founded in 1987 by Norayr Mehrabyan. The Karin Traditional Song and Dance Ensemble founded in 2001 by Gagik Ginosyan is known for revitalizing and performing the ancient Armenian dances of the historical regions of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Highlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Highlands">Armenian Highlands</a>,<a href="#cite_note-161">[156]</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Hem%C5%9Fin" title="Hemşin">Hamshen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mu%C5%9F" title="Muş">Mush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sason" title="Sason">Sasun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erzurum" title="Erzurum">Karin</a>, etc. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Theatre">Theatre</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_in_Yerevan" title="List of theaters in Yerevan">List of theaters in Yerevan</a></div> Yerevan is home to many theatre groups, mainly operating under the support of the ministry of culture. Theatre halls in the city organize several shows and performances throughout the year. Most prominent state-run theatres of Yerevan are the <a href="/wiki/Sundukyan_State_Academic_Theatre" title="Sundukyan State Academic Theatre">Sundukyan State Academic Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paronyan_Musical_Comedy_Theatre" title="Paronyan Musical Comedy Theatre">Paronyan Musical Comedy Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanislavski_Russian_Theatre_of_Yerevan" title="Stanislavski Russian Theatre of Yerevan">Stanislavski Russian Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hrachya_Ghaplanyan_Drama_Theatre" title="Hrachya Ghaplanyan Drama Theatre">Hrachya Ghaplanyan Drama Theatre</a>, and the Sos Sargsyan Hamazgayin State Theatre. The Edgar Elbakyan Theatre of Drama and Comedy is among the prominent theatres run by the private sector. Yerevan is also home to several specialized theatres such as the <a href="/wiki/Hovhannes_Tumanyan_Puppet_Theatre_of_Yerevan" title="Hovhannes Tumanyan Puppet Theatre of Yerevan">Tumanyan Puppet Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_State_Pantomime_Theatre" title="Yerevan State Pantomime Theatre">Yerevan State Pantomime Theatre</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_State_Marionettes_Theatre" title="Yerevan State Marionettes Theatre">Yerevan State Marionettes Theatre</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cinema">Cinema</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Armenia" title="Cinema of Armenia">Cinema of Armenia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moscow_cinema_in_Yerevan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Moscow_cinema_in_Yerevan.jpg/220px-Moscow_cinema_in_Yerevan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Moscow_cinema_in_Yerevan.jpg/330px-Moscow_cinema_in_Yerevan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Moscow_cinema_in_Yerevan.jpg/440px-Moscow_cinema_in_Yerevan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3552" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Moscow Cinema</figcaption></figure> Cinema in Armenia was born on 16 April 1923, when the Armenian State Committee of Cinema was established upon a decree issued by the Soviet Armenian government. In March 1924, the first Armenian film studio; <a href="/wiki/Armenfilm" title="Armenfilm">Armenfilm</a> (<a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: Հայֆիլմ "Hayfilm", <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Арменкино "Armenkino") was opened in Yerevan, starting with a <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentary film</a> called Soviet Armenia. <a href="/wiki/Namus_(film)" title="Namus (film)">Namus</a> was the first Armenian <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent</a> <a href="/wiki/Black_and_white" class="mw-redirect" title="Black and white">black and white</a> film, directed by <a href="/wiki/Hamo_Beknazarian" title="Hamo Beknazarian">Hamo Beknazarian</a> in 1925, based on a play of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Shirvanzade" title="Alexander Shirvanzade">Alexander Shirvanzade</a>, describing the ill fate of two lovers, who were engaged by their families to each other since childhood, but because of violations of <a href="/wiki/Namus" title="Namus">namus</a> (a tradition of honor), the girl was married by her father to another person. The first produced <a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">sound film</a> was <a href="/wiki/Pepo_(film)" title="Pepo (film)">Pepo</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Hamo_Beknazarian" title="Hamo Beknazarian">Hamo Beknazarian</a> in 1935. Yerevan is home to many movie theatres including the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Cinema" title="Moscow Cinema">Moscow Cinema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nairi_Cinema" title="Nairi Cinema">Nairi Cinema</a>, Hayastan Cinema, Cinema Star multiplex cinemas of the <a href="/wiki/Dalma_Garden_Mall" title="Dalma Garden Mall">Dalma Garden Mall</a>, and the KinoPark multiplex cinemas of <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Mall" title="Yerevan Mall">Yerevan Mall</a>. The city also hosts a number of film festivals: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Golden_Apricot_Yerevan_International_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Apricot Yerevan International Film Festival">Golden Apricot Yerevan International Film Festival</a> has been hosted by the Moscow Cinema annually since 2004.<a href="#cite_note-162">[157]</a></li> <li>The ReAnimania International Animation Film & Comics Art Festival of Yerevan launched in 2005, is also among the popular annual events in the city.<a href="#cite_note-163">[158]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sose_International_Film_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sose International Film Festival (page does not exist)">Sose International Film Festival</a> has been held annually by the Zis Center of Culture since 2014.<a href="#cite_note-164">[159]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vartavar_2014_Yerevan_(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Vartavar_2014_Yerevan_%285%29.jpg/220px-Vartavar_2014_Yerevan_%285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Vartavar_2014_Yerevan_%285%29.jpg/330px-Vartavar_2014_Yerevan_%285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Vartavar_2014_Yerevan_%285%29.jpg/440px-Vartavar_2014_Yerevan_%285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>People celebrating Vardavar water festival in downtown Yerevan</figcaption></figure> In addition to the film and other arts festivals, the city organizes many public celebrations that greatly attract the locals as well as the visitors. <a href="/wiki/Vardavar" title="Vardavar">Vardavar</a> is the most widely celebrated festival among Armenians, having it roots back to the pagan history of Armenia. It is celebrated 98 days (14 weeks) after <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a>. During the day of Vardavar, people from a wide array of ages are allowed to douse strangers with water. It is common to see people pouring buckets of water from balconies on unsuspecting people walking below them. The Swan Lake of the Yerevan Opera is the most popular venue for the Vardavar celebrations. In August 2015, Teryan Cultural Centre supported by the Yerevan Municipality has launched its first Armenian traditional clothing festival known as the Yerevan Taraz Fest.<a href="#cite_note-165">[160]</a> As one of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">winemaking</a> regions, many wine festivals are celebrated in Armenia. Yerevan launched its first annual wine festivals known as the <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Wine_Days" title="Yerevan Wine Days">Yerevan Wine Days</a> in May 2016.<a href="#cite_note-166">[161]</a> The Watermelon Fest launched in 2013 is also becoming a popular event in the city. The Yerevan Beer Fest is held annually during the month of August. It was first organized in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-167">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yerevan_from_Cascade_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Yerevan_from_Cascade_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Yerevan_from_Cascade_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Yerevan_from_Cascade_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Yerevan_from_Cascade_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Yerevan_from_Cascade_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Yerevan_from_Cascade_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_TV_Tower" title="Yerevan TV Tower">Yerevan TV Tower</a></figcaption></figure> Many public and private TV and radio channels operate in Yerevan. The <a href="/wiki/Public_Television_company_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Television company of Armenia">Public TV of Armenia</a> has been in service since 1956. It became a <a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">satellite television</a> in 1996. Other satellite TVs include the <a href="/wiki/Armenia_TV" title="Armenia TV">Armenia TV</a> owned by the Pan-Armenian Media Group, <a href="/wiki/Kentron_TV" title="Kentron TV">Kentron TV</a> owned by <a href="/wiki/Gagik_Tsarukyan" title="Gagik Tsarukyan">Gagik Tsarukyan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shant_TV" title="Shant TV">Shant TV</a> and Shant TV premium. On the other hand, <a href="/wiki/Yerkir_Media" title="Yerkir Media">Yerkir Media</a>, Armenia 2, <a href="/wiki/Shoghakat_TV" title="Shoghakat TV">Shoghakat TV</a>, Yerevan TV, 21TV and the TV channels of the Pan-Armenian Media Group are among the most notable local televisions of Yerevan. Notable newspapers published in Yerevan include the daily newspapers of <a href="/wiki/Aravot" title="Aravot">Aravot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azg_(daily)" title="Azg (daily)">Azg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golos_Armenii" title="Golos Armenii">Golos Armenii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hayastani_Hanrapetutyun" title="Hayastani Hanrapetutyun">Hayastani Hanrapetutyun</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monuments">Monuments</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Monuments_of_Yerevan" title="Monuments of Yerevan">Monuments of Yerevan</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_in_Yerevan" title="List of statues in Yerevan">List of statues in Yerevan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Historic">Historic</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:-%D4%B5%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%80_%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%8D%D5%A2._%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6_(%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A5,_%D4%BE%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80)_23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/-%D4%B5%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%80_%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%8D%D5%A2._%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6_%28%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A5%2C_%D4%BE%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%29_23.jpg/220px--%D4%B5%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%80_%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%8D%D5%A2._%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6_%28%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A5%2C_%D4%BE%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%29_23.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/-%D4%B5%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%80_%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%8D%D5%A2._%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6_%28%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A5%2C_%D4%BE%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%29_23.jpg/330px--%D4%B5%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%80_%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%8D%D5%A2._%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6_%28%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A5%2C_%D4%BE%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%29_23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/-%D4%B5%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%80_%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%8D%D5%A2._%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6_%28%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A5%2C_%D4%BE%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%29_23.jpg/440px--%D4%B5%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%80_%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%8D%D5%A2._%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6_%28%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A5%2C_%D4%BE%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%29_23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Avan" title="Cathedral of Avan">Cathedral of Avan</a> built in 591</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erevan_church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Erevan_church.jpg/220px-Erevan_church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Erevan_church.jpg/330px-Erevan_church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Erevan_church.jpg/440px-Erevan_church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3288" data-file-height="3146" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Katoghike_Church,_Yerevan" title="Katoghike Church, Yerevan">Katoghike Church</a> in Yerevan</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Zoravor_church_in_Yerevan_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/St_Zoravor_church_in_Yerevan_01.JPG/220px-St_Zoravor_church_in_Yerevan_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/St_Zoravor_church_in_Yerevan_01.JPG/330px-St_Zoravor_church_in_Yerevan_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/St_Zoravor_church_in_Yerevan_01.JPG/440px-St_Zoravor_church_in_Yerevan_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zoravor_Surp_Astvatsatsin_Church" title="Zoravor Surp Astvatsatsin Church">Zoravor Surp Astvatsatsin Church</a></figcaption></figure> Many of the structures of Yerevan had been destroyed either during foreign invasions or as a result of the devastating <a href="/wiki/1679_Armenia_earthquake" title="1679 Armenia earthquake">earthquake in 1679</a>. However, some structures have remained moderately intact and were renovated during the following years. <a href="/wiki/Erebuni_Fortress" title="Erebuni Fortress">Erebuni Fortress</a>, also known as Arin Berd, is the hill where the city of Yerevan was founded in 782 BC by King <a href="/wiki/Argishti_I_of_Urartu" title="Argishti I of Urartu">Argishti I</a>. The remains of other structures from earlier periods are also found in Shengavit. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_Erywa%C5%84,_B%C5%82%C4%99kitny_Meczet_(09).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_B%C5%82%C4%99kitny_Meczet_%2809%29.jpg/220px-2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_B%C5%82%C4%99kitny_Meczet_%2809%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_B%C5%82%C4%99kitny_Meczet_%2809%29.jpg/330px-2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_B%C5%82%C4%99kitny_Meczet_%2809%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_B%C5%82%C4%99kitny_Meczet_%2809%29.jpg/440px-2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_B%C5%82%C4%99kitny_Meczet_%2809%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4355" data-file-height="2903" /></a><figcaption>The Blue Mosque</figcaption></figure> The 4th-century chapel of the Holy Mother of God and the 6th-century <a href="/wiki/Katoghike_Tsiranavor_Church_of_Avan" class="mw-redirect" title="Katoghike Tsiranavor Church of Avan">Tsiranavor Church</a> both located in <a href="/wiki/Avan_District" title="Avan District">Avan District</a> at the north of Yerevan, are among the oldest surviving Christian structures of the city. Originally a suburb at the north of Yerevan, Avan was eventually absorbed by the city's gradual expansion. The district is also home to the remains of Surp Hovhannes Chapel dating back to the 12–13th centuries. <a href="/wiki/Katoghike_Church,_Yerevan" title="Katoghike Church, Yerevan">Katoghike Church</a>; a medieval chapel (a section of once much larger basilica) in the centre of Yerevan, built in 1264, is one of the best preserved churches of the city.<a href="#cite_note-168">[163]</a> <a href="/wiki/Zoravor_Surp_Astvatsatsin_Church" title="Zoravor Surp Astvatsatsin Church">Zoravor Surp Astvatsatsin Church</a> is also among the best surviving churches of Yerevan, built 1693–94 right after the devastating earthquake, on the ruins of a medieval church. <a href="/wiki/Saint_Sarkis_Cathedral,_Yerevan" title="Saint Sarkis Cathedral, Yerevan">Saint Sarkis Cathedral</a> rebuilt in 1835–42, is the seat of <a href="/wiki/Araratian_Pontifical_Diocese" title="Araratian Pontifical Diocese">Araratian Pontifical Diocese</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Blue_Mosque,_Yerevan" title="Blue Mosque, Yerevan">Blue Mosque</a> or "Gök Jami", built between 1764 and 1768 at the centre of the city, is currently the only operating mosque in Armenia. The <a href="/wiki/Red_Bridge_(Yerevan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Bridge (Yerevan)">Red Bridge</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hrazdan_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrazdan River">Hrazdan River</a> is a 17th-century structure, built after the 1679 earthquake and later reconstructed in 1830. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Contemporary">Contemporary</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D5%91%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/%D5%91%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6.JPG/220px-%D5%91%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/%D5%91%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6.JPG/330px-%D5%91%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/%D5%91%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6.JPG/440px-%D5%91%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3710" data-file-height="2474" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Tsitsernakaberd memorial and the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">genocide</a> museum</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Opera_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Yerevan Opera Theater">Yerevan Opera Theater</a> or the Armenian National Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre opened in 1933, is a major landmark in the city along with the <a href="/wiki/Matenadaran" title="Matenadaran">Mesrop Mashtots Matenadaran</a> opened in 1959, and <a href="/wiki/Tsitsernakaberd" title="Tsitsernakaberd">Tsitsernakaberd</a> monument of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a> opened in 1967. <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Cinema" title="Moscow Cinema">Moscow Cinema</a>, opened in 1937 on the site of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_and_Peter_Church,_Yerevan" title="Saint Paul and Peter Church, Yerevan">Saint Paul and Peter Church</a> of the 5th century, is an important example of the Soviet-era architecture. In 1959, a monument was erected near the Yerevan Railway Station dedicated to the legendary Armenian hero <a href="/wiki/David_of_Sassoun" title="David of Sassoun">David of Sassoun</a>. The monumental statue of <a href="/wiki/Mother_Armenia" title="Mother Armenia">Mother Armenia</a> is a female personification of the Armenian nation, erected in 1967, replacing the huge statue of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Victory_Park,_Yerevan" title="Victory Park, Yerevan">Victory park</a>. <a href="/wiki/Komitas_Pantheon" title="Komitas Pantheon">Komitas Pantheon</a> is a cemetery opened in 1936 where many famous Armenians are buried, while the <a href="/wiki/Yerablur" title="Yerablur">Yerablur</a> Pantheon, is a military cemetery where over 1,000 Armenian martyrs of the <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict</a> are buried since 1990. Many new notable buildings were constructed after the independence of Armenia such as the <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Cascade" title="Yerevan Cascade">Yerevan Cascade</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Gregory_the_Illuminator_Cathedral,_Yerevan" title="Saint Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral, Yerevan">Saint Gregory Cathedral</a> opened in 2001 to commemorate the 1700th anniversary of Christianity in Armenia. In May 2016, a monumental statue of the prominent Armenian statesman and military leader <a href="/wiki/Garegin_Nzhdeh" title="Garegin Nzhdeh">Garegin Nzhdeh</a> was erected at the centre of Yerevan. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zvartnots_airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Zvartnots_airport.jpg/220px-Zvartnots_airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Zvartnots_airport.jpg/330px-Zvartnots_airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Zvartnots_airport.jpg/440px-Zvartnots_airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>The main entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Zvartnots_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Zvartnots Airport">Zvartnots Airport</a></figcaption></figure> Yerevan is served by the <a href="/wiki/Zvartnots_International_Airport" title="Zvartnots International Airport">Zvartnots International Airport</a>, located 12 kilometres (7 miles) west of the city center. A second airport, <a href="/wiki/Erebuni_Airport" title="Erebuni Airport">Erebuni Airport</a>, is located just south of the city. Since the independence, "Erebuni" is mainly used for military or private flights. The <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Air_Force" title="Armenian Air Force">Armenian Air Force</a> has equally installed its base there and there are several <a href="/wiki/MiG-29" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-29">MiG-29s</a> stationed on Erebuni's tarmac. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_buses,_public_vans_and_trolleybuses">City buses, public vans and trolleybuses</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Yerevan" title="Trolleybuses in Yerevan">Trolleybuses in Yerevan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_Erywa%C5%84,_Marszrutka_w_centrum_stolicy_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Marszrutka_w_centrum_stolicy_%2801%29.jpg/220px-2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Marszrutka_w_centrum_stolicy_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Marszrutka_w_centrum_stolicy_%2801%29.jpg/330px-2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Marszrutka_w_centrum_stolicy_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Marszrutka_w_centrum_stolicy_%2801%29.jpg/440px-2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Marszrutka_w_centrum_stolicy_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4463" data-file-height="2511" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Marshrutka" title="Marshrutka">marshrutka</a></figcaption></figure> Public transport in Yerevan is heavily privatized and mostly handled by around 60 private operators. As of May 2017, 39 city bus lines are being operated throughout Yerevan.<a href="#cite_note-169">[164]</a> These lines mostly consist of about 425 <a href="/wiki/Bogdan_(bus_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bogdan (bus company)">Bogdan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Higer_Bus" title="Higer Bus">Higer City Bus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_County" title="Hyundai County">Hyundai County</a> buses. However, the market share these buses in public transit is only about 39.1%. But the 50.4% of public transit is still served by "public vans", locally known as <a href="/wiki/Marshrutka" title="Marshrutka">marshrutka</a>. These are about 1210 Russian-made <a href="/wiki/GAZelle" title="GAZelle">GAZelle</a> vans with 13 seats, that operate same way as buses, having 79 different lines with certain routes and same stops. According to Yerevan Municipality office, in future, marshrutkas should be replaced by ordinary larger buses. Despite having about 13 seats, the limit of passengers is not controlled, so usually these vans carry many more people who stand inside. The <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Yerevan" title="Trolleybuses in Yerevan">Yerevan trolleybus system</a> has been operating since 1949. Some old Soviet-era trolleybuses have been replaced with comparably new ones. As of May 2017, only 5 trolleybus lines are in operation (2.6% share), with around 45 units in service. The trolleybus system is owned and operated by the municipality. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yerevan_trolleybus_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Yerevan_trolleybus_view.jpg/220px-Yerevan_trolleybus_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Yerevan_trolleybus_view.jpg/330px-Yerevan_trolleybus_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Yerevan_trolleybus_view.jpg/440px-Yerevan_trolleybus_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2972" data-file-height="2002" /></a><figcaption>A trolleybus in Yerevan</figcaption></figure> The tram network that operated in Yerevan since 1906 was decommissioned in January 2004. Its operation had a cost 2.4 times higher than the generated profits, which pushed the municipality to shut down the network,<a href="#cite_note-170">[165]</a> despite a last-ditch effort to save it towards the end of 2003. Since the closure, the rails have been dismantled and sold. Due to being dispersed among dozens of private operators, the transportation is barely regulated, with only trip fee is being a subject of regulation. Thus, the quality of vehicles is often inadequate, with no certain regulations for safety. Unlike the majority of world capitals, there is no established ticketing system in Yerevan's public transportation. Passengers need to pay the money directly to the driver when getting out of the vehicle. The fare -being one of the few things that is regulated- is fixed and controlled by authorities. The central station in Nor Kilikia neighbourhood serves as bus terminal for inter-city transport, serving outbound routes towards practically all the cities of Armenia as well as abroad, notably <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Underground">Underground</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Metro" title="Yerevan Metro">Yerevan Metro</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metro_Yerevan_Republic_Square_metro_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Metro_Yerevan_Republic_Square_metro_station.jpg/220px-Metro_Yerevan_Republic_Square_metro_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Metro_Yerevan_Republic_Square_metro_station.jpg/330px-Metro_Yerevan_Republic_Square_metro_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Metro_Yerevan_Republic_Square_metro_station.jpg/440px-Metro_Yerevan_Republic_Square_metro_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="592" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Republic_Square_(metro_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic Square (metro station)">Republic Square underground station</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Metro" title="Yerevan Metro">Yerevan Metro</a> named after Karen Demirchyan, (<a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: Կարեն Դեմիրճյանի անվան Երեւանի մետրոպոլիտեն կայարան (Karen Dyemirchyani anvan Yerevani metropoliten kayaran)) is a <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> system that serves the capital city since 1981. It has a single line of 12.1 km (7.5 mi) length with 10 active stations and 45 units in service. The interiors of the stations resemble that of the former western Soviet nations, with <a href="/wiki/Chandelier" title="Chandelier">chandeliers</a> hanging from the corridors. The metro stations had most of their names changed after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the independence of the Republic of Armenia. A northeastern extension of the line with two new stations is currently being developed. The construction of the first station (Ajapnyak) and of the one-kilometre (0.62-mile) tunnel linking it to the rest of the network will cost US$18 million.<a href="#cite_note-171">[166]</a> The time of the end of the project has not yet been defined. Another long-term project is the construction of two new lines, but these have been suspended due to lack of finance. The system transports more than 60,000 people on a daily basis.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Railway">Armenian Railway</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_of_Sasun_Yerevan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/David_of_Sasun_Yerevan.jpg/220px-David_of_Sasun_Yerevan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/David_of_Sasun_Yerevan.jpg/330px-David_of_Sasun_Yerevan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/David_of_Sasun_Yerevan.jpg/440px-David_of_Sasun_Yerevan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Yerevan railway station, with the <a href="/wiki/Sasuntsi_Davit_(statue)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sasuntsi Davit (statue)">statue</a> of <a href="/wiki/David_of_Sassoun" title="David of Sassoun">David of Sassoun</a></figcaption></figure> Yerevan has a single central railway station (several railway stations of suburbs have not been used since 1990) that is connected to the metro via the Sasuntsi Davit station. The railway station is made in Soviet-style architecture with its long point on the building roof, representing the symbols of communism: <a href="/wiki/Red_star" title="Red star">red star</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hammer_and_sickle" title="Hammer and sickle">hammer and sickle</a>. Due to the Turkish and Azerbaijani blockades of Armenia, there is only one international train that passes by once every two days, with neighboring Georgia being its destination. For a sum of 9 000 to 18 000 <a href="/wiki/Armenian_dram" title="Armenian dram">dram</a>, it is possible to take the night train to the Georgian capital, Tbilisi.<a href="#cite_note-172">[167]</a> This train then continues to its destination of <a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a>, on the shores of the <a href="/wiki/Black_sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Black sea">Black sea</a> in the summer season. The only railway that goes to Iran to the south passes by the closed border of <a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Nakhchivan</a>. For this reason, there are no trains that go south from Yerevan. During the first decade of the 21st century, the South Caucasus Railway CJSC — which is the current operator of the railway system in Armenia—announced its readiness to put the Yerevan-Gyumri-Kars railway line in service in case the Armenian-Turkish protocols are ratified and the opening of the borders between the two countries is achieved. As of July 2017, the following railway trips are scheduled from and to Yerevan: <ul><li>Yerevan-Tbilisi-Batumi-Yerevan, with a daily trip operating since 15 June 2017, in coordination with the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian Railways">Georgian Railways</a>.<a href="#cite_note-173">[168]</a></li> <li>Yerevan-Gyumri-Yerevan, with 3 daily trips operating since 15 June 2017.<a href="#cite_note-174">[169]</a></li> <li>Yerevan-Yeraskh-Yerevan, with a daily trip operating since 12 July 2014.<a href="#cite_note-175">[170]</a></li> <li>Yerevan-Araks-Yerevan, with a daily trip.<a href="#cite_note-176">[171]</a></li> <li>Yerevan-Shorzha-Yerevan, with weekend trips.</li></ul> The Yerevan-Ararat-Yerevan route is temporarily not in operation, while the Yerevan-Tbilisi-Yerevan route will operate starting from 2 October 2017. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxi">Taxi</h3></div> Yerevan prides itself on having connections 24/7 as taxis are available at any time of the day or night.<a href="#cite_note-177">[172]</a> Taxicab service companies cover the entire city in addition to many online taxi service providers, including GG Taxi, Utaxi and <a href="/wiki/Yandex.Taxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yandex.Taxi">Yandex.Taxi</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy_and_services">Economy and services</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Building_in_the_center_of_Yerevan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Building_in_the_center_of_Yerevan.jpg/220px-Building_in_the_center_of_Yerevan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Building_in_the_center_of_Yerevan.jpg/330px-Building_in_the_center_of_Yerevan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Building_in_the_center_of_Yerevan.jpg/440px-Building_in_the_center_of_Yerevan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Yerevan Ararat Brandy Factory</figcaption></figure> As of 2013<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yerevan&action=edit">[update]</a>, the share of Yerevan in the annual total industrial product of Armenia is 41%.<a href="#cite_note-178">[173]</a> The industry of Yerevan is quite diversified including chemicals, primary metals and steel products, <a href="/wiki/Machinery" class="mw-redirect" title="Machinery">machinery</a>, rubber products, plastics, rugs and carpets, textiles, clothing and footwear, jewellery, wood products and furniture, building materials and stone-processing, alcoholic beverages, mineral water, dairy product and processed food. Even though the economic crisis of the '90s ravaged the industry of the country, several factories remain always in service, notably in the petrochemical and the aluminium sectors. Armenian beverages, especially Armenian <a href="/wiki/Cognac_(drink)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognac (drink)">cognac</a> and beer, have a worldwide fame. Hence, Yerevan is home to many leading enterprises of Armenia and the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> for the production of alcoholic beverages, such as the <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Ararat_Brandy_Factory" title="Yerevan Ararat Brandy Factory">Yerevan Ararat Brandy Factory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Brandy_Company" title="Yerevan Brandy Company">Yerevan Brandy Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Champagne_Wines_Factory" title="Yerevan Champagne Wines Factory">Yerevan Champagne Wines Factory</a>, "Beer of Yerevan" (Kilikia Beer) brewery, Armco Brandy Factory, <a href="/wiki/Proshyan_Brandy_Factory" title="Proshyan Brandy Factory">Proshyan Brandy Factory</a> and Astafian Wine-Brandy Factory. The 2 tobacco producers in Yerevan are the "Cigaronne" and "Grand Tabak" companies. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ArmChamapgne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/ArmChamapgne.jpg/220px-ArmChamapgne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/ArmChamapgne.jpg/330px-ArmChamapgne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/ArmChamapgne.jpg/440px-ArmChamapgne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Yerevan Champagne Wines Factory</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_carpet" title="Armenian carpet">Carpet industry in Armenia</a> has a deeply rooted history with ancient traditions, therefore, carpet production is rather developed in Yerevan with three major factories that also produce hand-made rugs.<a href="#cite_note-179">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[176]</a> The "Megerian Carpet" factory is the leading in this sector. Other major plants in the city include the "Nairit" chemical and rubber plant, <a href="/wiki/Rusal_Armenal" title="Rusal Armenal">Rusal Armenal</a> aluminum foil mill, "Grand Candy" Armenian-Canadian confectionery manufacturers, "Arcolad" chocolate factory, "Marianna" factory for dairy products, "Talgrig Group" for wheat and flour products, "Shant" ice cream factory, "Crown Chemicals" for paints, "ATMC" travertine mining company, Yerevan Watch Factory "AWI watches", Yerevan Jewellery Plant, and the mineral water factories of "Arzni", "Sil", and "Dilijan Frolova". Food products include processed meat, all types of canneries, wheat and flour, sweets and chocolate, dried fruits, soft drinks and beverages. Building materials mainly include travertine, crushed stones, asphalt and asphalt concrete. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finance_and_banking">Finance and banking</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2020)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CBA_building.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/CBA_building.JPG/220px-CBA_building.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/CBA_building.JPG/330px-CBA_building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/CBA_building.JPG/440px-CBA_building.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>The Central Bank of Armenia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elite_Plaza_Business_Center_Main.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Elite_Plaza_Business_Center_Main.jpg/220px-Elite_Plaza_Business_Center_Main.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Elite_Plaza_Business_Center_Main.jpg/330px-Elite_Plaza_Business_Center_Main.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Elite_Plaza_Business_Center_Main.jpg/440px-Elite_Plaza_Business_Center_Main.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2650" data-file-height="3975" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Elite_Plaza_Business_Center" title="Elite Plaza Business Center">Elite Plaza Business Center</a></figcaption></figure> As an attractive outsourcing location for Western European, Russian and American multinationals, Yerevan headquarters many international companies. It is Armenia's financial hub, being home to the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Armenia" title="Central Bank of Armenia">Central Bank of Armenia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Stock Exchange">Armenian Stock Exchange</a> (NASDAQ OMX Armenia), as well as the majority of the country's largest commercial banks.<a href="#cite_note-182">[177]</a> As of 2013<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yerevan&action=edit">[update]</a>, the city dominates over 85% of the annual total services in Armenia, as well as over 84% of the annual total retail trade. Many subsidiaries of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> service companies and banks operate in Yerevan, including <a href="/wiki/Gazprom_Armenia" title="Gazprom Armenia">Gazprom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingo_Armenia" title="Ingo Armenia">Ingo Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosgosstrakh" title="Rosgosstrakh">Rosgosstrakh</a> and <a href="/wiki/VTB_Bank" title="VTB Bank">VTB Bank</a>. The <a href="/wiki/ACBA-Credit_Agricole_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="ACBA-Credit Agricole Bank">ACBA-Credit Agricole</a> is a subsidiary of the French <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9dit_Agricole" title="Crédit Agricole">Crédit Agricole</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a> Bank Armenia is also operating in Yerevan. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction">Construction</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pavstos_Buzand_street_2015,_Yerevan_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Pavstos_Buzand_street_2015%2C_Yerevan_%281%29.jpg/220px-Pavstos_Buzand_street_2015%2C_Yerevan_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Pavstos_Buzand_street_2015%2C_Yerevan_%281%29.jpg/330px-Pavstos_Buzand_street_2015%2C_Yerevan_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Pavstos_Buzand_street_2015%2C_Yerevan_%281%29.jpg/440px-Pavstos_Buzand_street_2015%2C_Yerevan_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="543" /></a><figcaption>A 19th-century building in downtown Yerevan, remodeled with modern additions</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cafesjian_Center_for_the_Arts_(CCA_1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cafesjian_Center_for_the_Arts_%28CCA_1%29.jpg/220px-Cafesjian_Center_for_the_Arts_%28CCA_1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cafesjian_Center_for_the_Arts_%28CCA_1%29.jpg/330px-Cafesjian_Center_for_the_Arts_%28CCA_1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cafesjian_Center_for_the_Arts_%28CCA_1%29.jpg/440px-Cafesjian_Center_for_the_Arts_%28CCA_1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Cascade" title="Yerevan Cascade">Cascade</a> complex</figcaption></figure> The construction sector has experienced a significant growth during the 1st decade of the 21st century.<a href="#cite_note-183">[178]</a> Starting from 2000, Yerevan has witnessed a massive construction boom, funded mostly by Armenian millionaires from Russia and the United States, with an extensive and controversial redevelopment process in which many 18th and 19th-century buildings have been demolished and replaced with new buildings. This growth was coupled with a significant increase in real estate prices.<a href="#cite_note-184">[179]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pavstos_Byuzand_street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Pavstos_Byuzand_street.jpg/220px-Pavstos_Byuzand_street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Pavstos_Byuzand_street.jpg/330px-Pavstos_Byuzand_street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Pavstos_Byuzand_street.jpg/440px-Pavstos_Byuzand_street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1818" data-file-height="1228" /></a><figcaption>Historical districts being demolished and replaced with modern buildings</figcaption></figure> Many major construction projects has been conducted in Yerevan, such as the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Avenue_(Yerevan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Avenue (Yerevan)">Northern Avenue</a> and the rehabilitation of Old Yerevan on <a href="/wiki/Aram_Street" title="Aram Street">Aram Street</a>. The Northern Avenue is completed and was opened in 2007, while the Old Yerevan project is still under development. In the past few years, the city centre has also witnessed major road reconstruction, as well as the renovation of the Republic square, funded by the American-Armenian billionaire <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Kerkorian" title="Kirk Kerkorian">Kirk Kerkorian</a>. On the other hand, the Argentina-based Armenian businessman <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Eurnekian" title="Eduardo Eurnekian">Eduardo Eurnekian</a> took over the airport, while the cascade development project was funded by the US based Armenian millionaire <a href="/wiki/Gerard_L._Cafesjian" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerard L. Cafesjian">Gerard L. Cafesjian</a>. However, the sector has significantly dropped by the end of the 1st decade of the 21st century, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Real_estate_bubble" class="mw-redirect" title="Real estate bubble">global real estate crisis</a> in 2007–09. In 2013, Yerevan dominated over 58% of the annual total construction sector of Armenia.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In February 2017, the urban development committee of the government revealed its plans for the upcoming major construction projects in the city. With a total cost of US$300 million, a new business district will rise at the centre of the city, to replace the current Firdowsi shopping area.<a href="#cite_note-185">[180]</a> The committee has also announced the construction of Noy (Noah) ethnographic residential district at the western vicinity of Kentron District, with an approximate cost of US$100 million.<a href="#cite_note-186">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1796" data-file-height="765" /></a><figcaption>Kanaker HPP of Yerevan</figcaption></figure> The location of the city on the shores of Hrazdan river has enabled the production of hydroelectricity. As part of the <a href="/wiki/Sevan%E2%80%93Hrazdan_Cascade" title="Sevan–Hrazdan Cascade">Sevan–Hrazdan Cascade</a>, three <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric_power_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric power plant">hydroelectric power plants</a> are established within the administrative territory of Yerevan: Kanaker HPP,<a href="#cite_note-187">[182]</a> Yerevan-1 HPP,<a href="#cite_note-188">[183]</a> and Yerevan-3 HPP.<a href="#cite_note-189">[184]</a> The entire plant was privatized in 2003, and is currently owned by <a href="/wiki/RusHydro" title="RusHydro">RusHydro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[186]</a> The city is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Thermal_Power_Plant" title="Yerevan Thermal Power Plant">Yerevan Thermal Power Plant</a>, a unique facility in the region for its quality and high technology, situated in the southern part of the city. Originally opened in 1961, a modern plant was built in 2007, furnished with a new gas-steam combined cycled turbine, to generate electric power.<a href="#cite_note-192">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[188]</a> In March 2017, the construction of a new thermal power plant was launched with an initial investment of US$258 million and an envisaged capacity of 250 megawatts. The power station will be in service in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-194">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism_and_nightlife">Tourism and nightlife</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yerevan_hotel,_Yerevan_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Yerevan_hotel%2C_Yerevan_02.jpg/220px-Yerevan_hotel%2C_Yerevan_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Yerevan_hotel%2C_Yerevan_02.jpg/330px-Yerevan_hotel%2C_Yerevan_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Yerevan_hotel%2C_Yerevan_02.jpg/440px-Yerevan_hotel%2C_Yerevan_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3104" /></a><figcaption>Grand Hotel Yerevan operating since 1926</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_Erywa%C5%84,_Hotel_Armenia_Marriot_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Hotel_Armenia_Marriot_%2802%29.jpg/220px-2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Hotel_Armenia_Marriot_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Hotel_Armenia_Marriot_%2802%29.jpg/330px-2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Hotel_Armenia_Marriot_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Hotel_Armenia_Marriot_%2802%29.jpg/440px-2014_Erywa%C5%84%2C_Hotel_Armenia_Marriot_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4402" data-file-height="2479" /></a><figcaption>Armenia Marriott Hotel Yerevan at the Republic Square, built in 1958 with traditional Armenian arch series at the façade</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Armenia" title="Tourism in Armenia">Tourism in Armenia</a> is developing year by year and the capital city of Yerevan is one of the major tourist destinations.<a href="#cite_note-FMPRCGOVCN-195">[190]</a> The city has a majority of luxury hotels, modern restaurants, bars, pubs and nightclubs. Zvartnots airport has also conducted renovation projects with the growing number of tourists visiting the country. Numerous places in Yerevan are attractive for tourists, such as the dancing fountains of the Republic Square, the State Opera House, the <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Cascade" title="Yerevan Cascade">Cascade complex</a>, the ruins of the <a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartian</a> city of Erebuni (Arin Berd), the historical site of Karmir Blur (<a href="/wiki/Teishebaini" title="Teishebaini">Teishebaini</a>), etc. The largest hotel of the city is the <a href="/wiki/Ani_Plaza_Hotel" title="Ani Plaza Hotel">Ani Plaza Hotel</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Armenia_Marriott_Hotel_Yerevan" title="Armenia Marriott Hotel Yerevan">Armenia Marriott Hotel</a> is located at the Republic Square at the centre of Yerevan, while the <a href="/wiki/Radisson_Blu_Hotel,_Yerevan" title="Radisson Blu Hotel, Yerevan">Radisson Blu Hotel</a> is located near the <a href="/wiki/Victory_Park,_Yerevan" title="Victory Park, Yerevan">Victory Park</a>. Other major chains operating in central Yerevan include the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Hotel_Yerevan" title="Grand Hotel Yerevan">Grand Hotel Yerevan</a> of the Small Luxury Hotels of the World,<a href="#cite_note-196">[191]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Best_Western" title="Best Western">Best Western</a> Congress Hotel, the <a href="/wiki/DoubleTree" title="DoubleTree">DoubleTree</a> by Hilton, the <a href="/wiki/Hyatt" title="Hyatt">Hyatt</a> Place, the <a href="/wiki/Ibis_(hotel)" title="Ibis (hotel)">Ibis</a> Yerevan Center, and The Alexander, a Luxury Collection Hotel of <a href="/wiki/Marriott_International" title="Marriott International">Marriott International</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[192]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Armenia_-_Cafe_Society,_Yerevan_(5034085783).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Armenia_-_Cafe_Society%2C_Yerevan_%285034085783%29.jpg/220px-Armenia_-_Cafe_Society%2C_Yerevan_%285034085783%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Armenia_-_Cafe_Society%2C_Yerevan_%285034085783%29.jpg/330px-Armenia_-_Cafe_Society%2C_Yerevan_%285034085783%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Armenia_-_Cafe_Society%2C_Yerevan_%285034085783%29.jpg/440px-Armenia_-_Cafe_Society%2C_Yerevan_%285034085783%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Crowded cafés near the Yerevan Opera House</figcaption></figure> The location of Yerevan itself, is an inspiring factor for the foreigners to visit the city in order to enjoy the view of the biblical mount of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ararat" title="Mount Ararat">Ararat</a>, as the city lies on the feet of the mountain forming the shape of a Roman <a href="/wiki/Amphitheatre" title="Amphitheatre">amphitheatre</a>. There are many historical sites, churches and citadels in areas and regions surrounding the city of Yerevan, such as <a href="/wiki/Garni_Temple" title="Garni Temple">Garni Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zvartnots_Cathedral" title="Zvartnots Cathedral">Zvartnots Cathedral</a>, the monasteries of <a href="/wiki/Khor_Virap" title="Khor Virap">Khor Virap</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geghard" title="Geghard">Geghard</a>, etc. Being among the top 10 safest cities in the world, Yerevan has an extensive nightlife scene with a variety of <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">nightclubs</a>,<a href="#cite_note-198">[193]</a> live venues, pedestrian zones, street cafés, jazz cafés, tea houses, <a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">casinos</a>, pubs, <a href="/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke">karaoke</a> clubs and restaurants. Casino Shangri La and Pharaon Complex are among the largest leisure and entertainment centres of the city. Many world-famous music stars, Russian music celebrities, as well as Armenian singers from diaspora, occasionally perform in concerts in Yerevan. The <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Zoo" title="Yerevan Zoo">Yerevan Zoo</a> founded in 1940, the <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Circus" title="Yerevan Circus">Yerevan Circus</a> opened in 1956, and the <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Water_World" title="Yerevan Water World">Yerevan Water World</a> opened in 2001, are among the popular entertaining centres in the city. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dalma_Garden_Mall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Dalma_Garden_Mall.jpg/220px-Dalma_Garden_Mall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Dalma_Garden_Mall.jpg/330px-Dalma_Garden_Mall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Dalma_Garden_Mall.jpg/440px-Dalma_Garden_Mall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3973" data-file-height="1437" /></a><figcaption>Dalma Garden Mall</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Northern_Avenue_(Yerevan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Avenue (Yerevan)">Northern Avenue</a> that connects the Opera House with Abovyan street is a popular pedestrian zone in Yerevan with modern residential buildings, business centres, restaurants, bars and cafés. Another popular landmarks is the <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Cascade" title="Yerevan Cascade">Yerevan Cascade</a> and the "Cafesjian Sculpture Garden" on <a href="/wiki/Tamanyan_Street" title="Tamanyan Street">Tamanyan Street</a> with its pedestrian zone, featuring many coffee shops, bars, restaurants, and pubs at the sidewalks. The "Cafesjian Center for the Arts" regularly organizes art events throughout the year, including classical music series, traditional folk dance events, and live concerts of jazz, pop and rock music.<a href="#cite_note-199">[194]</a> As of 2017, Yerevan has three shopping malls: <a href="/wiki/Dalma_Garden_Mall" title="Dalma Garden Mall">Dalma Garden Mall</a> opened in October 2012, followed by <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Mall" title="Yerevan Mall">Yerevan Mall</a> in February 2014, and <a href="/wiki/Rossia_Mall" title="Rossia Mall">Rossia Mall</a> in March 2016. International study conducted by Mercer and published in 2019 identified Yerevan to offer higher quality of living, than other capital cities of Transcaucasia.<a href="#cite_note-200">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Yerevan" title="List of universities in Yerevan">List of universities in Yerevan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yerevan_State_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Yerevan_State_University.jpg/220px-Yerevan_State_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Yerevan_State_University.jpg/330px-Yerevan_State_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Yerevan_State_University.jpg/440px-Yerevan_State_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4666" data-file-height="2916" /></a><figcaption>Yerevan State University</figcaption></figure> Yerevan is a major educational centre in the region. As of 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yerevan&action=edit">[update]</a>, the city is home to more than 250 schools, of which about 210 are state-owned, with 3/4 of them run by the municipality and the rest run by the ministry of education. The rest of the schools (about 40) are privately owned. The municipality also runs 160 kindergartens throughout the city.<a href="#cite_note-202">[197]</a> The <a href="/wiki/QSI_International_School_of_Yerevan" title="QSI International School of Yerevan">QSI International School</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Fran%C3%A7aise_Internationale_en_Arm%C3%A9nie" class="mw-redirect" title="École Française Internationale en Arménie">École Française Internationale en Arménie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayb_School" title="Ayb School">Ayb School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mkhitar_Sebastatsi_Educational_Complex" title="Mkhitar Sebastatsi Educational Complex">Mkhitar Sebastatsi Educational Complex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khoren_and_Shooshanig_Avedisian_School" title="Khoren and Shooshanig Avedisian School">Khoren and Shooshanig Avedisian School</a> are among the prominent international or private schools in Yerevan. As of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yerevan&action=edit">[update]</a>, around 60 <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a> institutions are accredited and licensed to operate in the Republic of Armenia. Yerevan is home to about 50 universities, nearly half of which are public. <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_State_University" title="Yerevan State University">Yerevan State University</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_University_of_Armenia" title="American University of Armenia">American University of Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian-Armenian_(Slavonic)_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian-Armenian (Slavonic) University">Russian-Armenian (Slavonic) University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_State_Medical_University" title="Yerevan State Medical University">Yerevan State Medical University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armenian_State_Pedagogical_University" title="Armenian State Pedagogical University">Armenian State Pedagogical University</a> are the top rated universities of Armenia and among the top rated in the region.<a href="#cite_note-203">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_and_research">Science and research</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tumo_Center_for_Creative_Technologies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Tumo_Center_for_Creative_Technologies.jpg/220px-Tumo_Center_for_Creative_Technologies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Tumo_Center_for_Creative_Technologies.jpg/330px-Tumo_Center_for_Creative_Technologies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Tumo_Center_for_Creative_Technologies.jpg/440px-Tumo_Center_for_Creative_Technologies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4814" data-file-height="2708" /></a><figcaption>Tumo Center for Creative Technologies</figcaption></figure> Under the Soviet rule, Yerevan has turned into a major centre for science and research. The <a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Armenian National Academy of Sciences">Armenian National Academy of Sciences</a> is the pioneer of scientific research in Armenia. It was founded in 1943 as the Armenian Branch of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Soviet Academy of Sciences</a> to become the primary body that conducts research and coordinates activities in the fields of science in Armenia. It has many divisions, including Mathematical and Technical Sciences, Physics and Astrophysics, Natural Sciences, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Armenology and Social Sciences.<a href="#cite_note-204">[199]</a> After the independence, many new research centres were opened in the city, such as the <a href="/wiki/CANDLE_Synchrotron_Research_Institute" title="CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute">CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute</a> (2010),<a href="#cite_note-205">[200]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tumo_Center_for_Creative_Technologies" title="Tumo Center for Creative Technologies">Tumo Center for Creative Technologies</a> (2011),<a href="#cite_note-206">[201]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Izmirlian_Medical_Center" title="Izmirlian Medical Center">Nerses Mets Medical Research and Education Center</a> (2013).<a href="#cite_note-207">[202]</a> After the Russian invasion of Ukraine in March 2022, over 40,000 Russian professionals and programmers arrived in Yerevan. Half stayed briefly and then moved on while the rest reestablished themselves using internet connections that kept Armenia connected to the world while Russia was increasingly cut off. In addition to IT experts the exodus included many bloggers, journalists and activists who faced arrest for criticizing the war in Ukraine. Interviews indicated that none of the exiles encountered hostility in Yerevan. They can enter Armenia without visas or passports and remain six months; Russian is widely spoken.<a href="#cite_note-208">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_sports_venues_in_Yerevan" title="List of sports venues in Yerevan">List of sports venues in Yerevan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Football">Football</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hrazdan_Stadium_2013,_Yerevan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Hrazdan_Stadium_2013%2C_Yerevan.jpg/220px-Hrazdan_Stadium_2013%2C_Yerevan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Hrazdan_Stadium_2013%2C_Yerevan.jpg/330px-Hrazdan_Stadium_2013%2C_Yerevan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Hrazdan_Stadium_2013%2C_Yerevan.jpg/440px-Hrazdan_Stadium_2013%2C_Yerevan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Hrazdan Stadium</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanrapetakan_stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Hanrapetakan_stadium.jpg/220px-Hanrapetakan_stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Hanrapetakan_stadium.jpg/330px-Hanrapetakan_stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Hanrapetakan_stadium.jpg/440px-Hanrapetakan_stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="746" /></a><figcaption>Vazgen Sargsyan Republican Stadium</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> is the most played and popular sport in Yerevan and the entire country. Yerevan city is home to about a dozen of <a href="/wiki/Category:Football_clubs_in_Armenia" title="Category:Football clubs in Armenia">football clubs</a> competing in the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Premier_League" title="Armenian Premier League">Armenian Premier League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_First_League" title="Armenian First League">Armenian First League</a>, with the most successful clubs being <a href="/wiki/FC_Pyunik" title="FC Pyunik">Pyunik</a>, <a href="/wiki/FC_Alashkert" title="FC Alashkert">Alashkert</a>, <a href="/wiki/FC_Ararat_Yerevan" title="FC Ararat Yerevan">Ararat Yerevan</a>, <a href="/wiki/FC_Ararat-Armenia" title="FC Ararat-Armenia">Ararat-Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/FC_Urartu" title="FC Urartu">Urartu</a> and <a href="/wiki/FC_Yerevan" title="FC Yerevan">Yerevan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Football_clubs-209">[204]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hrazdan_Stadium" title="Hrazdan Stadium">Hrazdan Stadium</a> in Yerevan is the largest sports venue of Armenia. The 2nd-largest stadium in the city is the <a href="/wiki/Vazgen_Sargsyan_Republican_Stadium" title="Vazgen Sargsyan Republican Stadium">Vazgen Sargsyan Republican Stadium</a> which currently serves as the primary home ground of the <a href="/wiki/Armenia_national_football_team" title="Armenia national football team">Armenia national football team</a>.<a href="#cite_note-210">[205]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Football_Academy" title="Yerevan Football Academy">Football Academy of Yerevan</a> operated by the <a href="/wiki/Football_Federation_of_Armenia" title="Football Federation of Armenia">Football Federation of Armenia</a> is an up-to-date training academy complex, opened in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-211">[206]</a> As of 2017, there are around 130 mini-football pitches among the courtyards of the Yerevan neighborhoods, built by the municipal authorities.<a href="#cite_note-212">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chess">Chess</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D5%84%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6._%D5%8F%D5%AB%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8_(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/%D5%84%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6._%D5%8F%D5%AB%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8_%281%29.JPG/220px-%D5%84%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6._%D5%8F%D5%AB%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/%D5%84%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6._%D5%8F%D5%AB%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8_%281%29.JPG/330px-%D5%84%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6._%D5%8F%D5%AB%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8_%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/%D5%84%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6._%D5%8F%D5%AB%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8_%281%29.JPG/440px-%D5%84%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6._%D5%8F%D5%AB%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8_%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Tigran Petrosian Chess House</figcaption></figure> Armenia has always excelled in <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a> with its players being very often among the highest ranked and decorated. The headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Chess_Federation_of_Armenia" title="Chess Federation of Armenia">Chess Federation of Armenia</a> is located in the <a href="/wiki/Tigran_Petrosian_Chess_House" title="Tigran Petrosian Chess House">Tigran Petrosian Chess House</a> of Yerevan.<a href="#cite_note-213">[208]</a> Already in primary school, chess education is offered. The city is home to a large number of chess teams and training schools. In 1996, despite the severe economic conditions in the country, Yerevan hosted the <a href="/wiki/32nd_Chess_Olympiad" title="32nd Chess Olympiad">32nd Chess Olympiad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[209]</a> In 2006, the four members from Yerevan of the Armenian chess team won the <a href="/wiki/37th_Chess_Olympiad" title="37th Chess Olympiad">37th Chess Olympiad</a> in <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a> and repeated the feat at the <a href="/wiki/38th_Chess_Olympiad" title="38th Chess Olympiad">38th Chess Olympiad</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>. Armenian won the chess Olympiad for the 3rd time in <a href="/wiki/40th_Chess_Olympiad" title="40th Chess Olympiad">2012</a> in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>. The Yerevan-born leader of the chess national team; <a href="/wiki/Levon_Aronian" title="Levon Aronian">Levon Aronian</a>, is one of the top chess players in the world. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basketball">Basketball</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mika_Arena,_Yerevan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Mika_Arena%2C_Yerevan.jpg/220px-Mika_Arena%2C_Yerevan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Mika_Arena%2C_Yerevan.jpg/330px-Mika_Arena%2C_Yerevan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Mika_Arena%2C_Yerevan.jpg/440px-Mika_Arena%2C_Yerevan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Armenia_men%27s_national_basketball_team" title="Armenia men's national basketball team">Armenia national basketball team</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mika_Sports_Arena" title="Mika Sports Arena">Mika Arena</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Armenia_Basketball_League_A" title="2017–18 Armenia Basketball League A">first ever season</a> of the professional domestic basketball competition of Armenia, known as <a href="/wiki/Armenia_Basketball_League_A" title="Armenia Basketball League A">Armenia Basketball League A</a>, was launched in October 2017 with 7 participating teams. Yerevan is represented by 4 clubs: Engineer Yerevan, <a href="/wiki/FIMA_Basketball" title="FIMA Basketball">FIMA Basketball</a>, <a href="/wiki/BC_Grand_Sport" title="BC Grand Sport">BC Grand Sport</a> and <a href="/wiki/BC_Urartu" class="mw-redirect" title="BC Urartu">BC Urartu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-215">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tennis">Tennis</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">Tennis</a> is also among the popular sports in Yerevan. Several tennis clubs operate in the city, with many of them founded during the Soviet days. Incourt Tennis Club –founded in 1974– is the largest in the city, with many indoor and outdoor courts.<a href="#cite_note-216">[211]</a> Ararat Tennis Club founded in 1990, is also among the prominent clubs in the city.<a href="#cite_note-217">[212]</a> Tennis clubs are also found within the Yerevan State Sports College of Olympic Reserve since 1971, and the Yerevan Football Academy since 2010. <a href="/wiki/Sargis_Sargsian" title="Sargis Sargsian">Sargis Sargsian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ani_Amiraghyan" title="Ani Amiraghyan">Ani Amiraghyan</a> are the most successful tennis players of Armenia and are from Yerevan. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artistic_gymnastics">Artistic gymnastics</h3></div> Armenia has produced many Olympic champions in <a href="/wiki/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Artistic gymnastics">artistic gymnastics</a> during the Soviet days, such as <a href="/wiki/Hrant_Shahinyan" title="Hrant Shahinyan">Hrant Shahinyan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Azaryan" title="Albert Azaryan">Albert Azaryan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Azaryan" title="Eduard Azaryan">Eduard Azaryan</a>. The success of the Armenian gymnasts in the Olympic competitions has greatly contributed in the popularity of the sport. Thus, many prominent competitors represent the country in the European and World championships, including <a href="/wiki/Artur_Davtyan" title="Artur Davtyan">Artur Davtyan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harutyun_Merdinyan" title="Harutyun Merdinyan">Harutyun Merdinyan</a>. Yerevan has many state-owned schools of artistic gymnastics, including the Albert Azaryan School opened in 1964 and the Hrant Shahinyan School opened in 1965. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sports">Other sports</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Karen_Demirchyan_Complex" title="Karen Demirchyan Complex">Karen Demirchyan Sports and Concerts Complex</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[213]</a> is the largest indoor arena in the city and the entire country. It is mostly used for indoor sport events, including <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Figure_skating" title="Figure skating">figure skating</a> shows. On the other hand, Dinamo and Mika indoor arenas are the regular venues for domestic and regional competitions of <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">handball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">futsal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-arka-219">[214]</a> <a href="/wiki/Armenia_Sports_Union" title="Armenia Sports Union">Armenia Sports Union</a> (Spartak Sports Union between 1935 and 1999) is a sports society mainly involved in individual Olympic sports, including <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympic_weightlifting" title="Olympic weightlifting">weightlifting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sport_of_athletics" title="Sport of athletics">athletics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">wrestling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">taekwondo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">table tennis</a>, etc.<a href="#cite_note-220">[215]</a> The "Yerevan State Sports College of Olympic Reserve" is a large sports and educational complex located in the Malatia-Sebastia District of the city. It was founded in 1971, and is home to individual as well as team sport schools, such as wrestling, boxing, weightlifting, <a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">judo</a>, athletics, <a href="/wiki/Acrobatic_gymnastics" title="Acrobatic gymnastics">acrobatic gymnastics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Artistic gymnastics">artistic gymnastics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">swimming</a>, table tennis, cycling, basketball, volleyball and handball.<a href="#cite_note-221">[216]</a> In September 2015, the new Olympic Training Complex of Yerevan, locally known as Olympavan, was opened in Davtashen District. It is a state of the art sports complex, with training facilities for most Olympic individual and team sports, as well as water sports. It is also home to the anti-doping medical centre and a hotel designated to accommodate more than 300 athletes.<a href="#cite_note-222">[217]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympavan_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Olympavan_%281%29.jpg/220px-Olympavan_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Olympavan_%281%29.jpg/330px-Olympavan_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Olympavan_%281%29.jpg/440px-Olympavan_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3674" data-file-height="2725" /></a><figcaption>Olympavan, home and training complex of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Olympic_Committee" title="Armenian Olympic Committee">Armenian Olympic Committee</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">Equestrian sport</a> was introduced to Armenia in 1953. The <a href="/wiki/Hovik_Hayrapetyan_Equestrian_Centre" title="Hovik Hayrapetyan Equestrian Centre">Hovik Hayrapetyan Equestrian Centre</a> opened in 2001, occupies an area of 85 hectares at the southern Shengavit District of Yerevan. It is the centre of equestrian sport and <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">horse racing</a> in Armenia.<a href="#cite_note-223">[218]</a> <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">Golf</a> has been introduced to the citizens of Yerevan in 1999, with the foundation of the Ararat Valley Country Club in the Vahakni neighbourhood of Ajapnyak District. It is the first-ever <a href="/wiki/Golf_course" title="Golf course">golf course</a> opened in Armenia as well as the Transcaucasian region.<a href="#cite_note-224">[219]</a> Arena Bowling and Billiards Club is an up-to-date sports and leisure centre opened in 2004 and located on <a href="/wiki/Mashtots_Avenue" title="Mashtots Avenue">Mashtots Avenue</a> in central Yerevan.<a href="#cite_note-225">[220]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cycle_sport" title="Cycle sport">Cycling</a> as a sport is becoming popular among the young generation. The <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Velodrome" title="Yerevan Velodrome">Yerevan Velodrome</a> is an outdoor <a href="/wiki/Track_cycling" title="Track cycling">track cycling</a> venue with international standard, opened in 2011 to replace the old venue of the Soviet days.<a href="#cite_note-226">[221]</a> Edgar Stepanyan of Armenia became champion of the <a href="/wiki/Scratch_race" title="Scratch race">scratch race</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2015_UEC_European_Track_Championships_(under-23_%26_junior)" title="2015 UEC European Track Championships (under-23 & junior)">2015 junior UEC European Track Championships</a>.<a href="#cite_note-227">[222]</a> In an attempt to promote <a href="/wiki/Figure_skating" title="Figure skating">figure skating</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> in Armenia, the <a href="/wiki/Irina_Rodnina_Figure_Skating_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Irina Rodnina Figure Skating Centre">Irina Rodnina Figure Skating Centre</a> was opened in Yerevan, in December 2015.<a href="#cite_note-228">[223]</a> <a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">Futsal</a> is also among the popular sports in Armenia. Many companies as well as universities have their own teams who participate in the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Futsal_Premier_League" title="Armenian Futsal Premier League">Armenian Futsal Premier League</a>. Currently, <a href="/wiki/Futsal_Club_Leo" class="mw-redirect" title="Futsal Club Leo">Futsal Club Leo</a> based in Yerevan, is considered as the most successful team in the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Futsal_Premier_League" title="Armenian Futsal Premier League">Armenian Futsal Premier League</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Football_clubs-209">[204]</a> Recently, <a href="/wiki/Mixed_martial_arts" title="Mixed martial arts">MMA</a> has gained massive popularity in Armenia, being promoted by Armfighting Professional Federation based in Yerevan. It was founded in 2005 by Hayk Ghukasyan and currently runs several branches throughout the provinces of Armenia and <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagorno-Karabakh Republic">Artsakh</a> with more than 2,000 athletes.<a href="#cite_note-229">[224]</a> With the increased interest in healthy lifestyle and fitness, many large and modern training complexes with indoor and outdoor swimming pools have recently been opened in the city such as the Davit Hambardzumyan Swimming and Diving Olympic School, Orange Fitness Premium Club, DDD Sports Complex, Aqua Land Sports Complex, <a href="/wiki/Gold%27s_Gym" title="Gold's Gym">Gold's Gym</a>, Grand Sport Complex, <a href="/wiki/Reebok" title="Reebok">Reebok</a> Sports Club, and Multi Wellness Sport and Health Center. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2></div> The city of Yerevan is member of many international organizations: the International Assembly of CIS Countries' Capitals and Big Cities (MAG), the Black Sea Capitals' Association (BSCA), the International Association of Francophone Mayors (AIMF),<a href="#cite_note-230">[225]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_World_Heritage_Cities" title="Organization of World Heritage Cities">Organization of World Heritage Cities</a> (OWHC), the International Association of Large-scale Communities, and the International Urban Community Lighting Association (LUCI). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities">Twin towns – sister cities</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B1%D5%A5%D5%BC%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B1%D5%A5%D5%BC%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80_1.JPG/220px-%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B1%D5%A5%D5%BC%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B1%D5%A5%D5%BC%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80_1.JPG/330px-%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B1%D5%A5%D5%BC%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B1%D5%A5%D5%BC%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80_1.JPG/440px-%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B1%D5%A5%D5%BC%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The hands of friendship from <a href="/wiki/Carrara" title="Carrara">Carrara</a> to Yerevan</figcaption></figure> Yerevan is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<a href="#cite_note-231">[226]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, Jordan (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar"><img alt="Madagascar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a>, Madagascar (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><img alt="Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, Lebanon (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>, Slovakia (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, Argentina (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a>, United States (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Carrara" title="Carrara">Carrara</a>, Italy (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chi%C5%9Fin%C4%83u" class="mw-redirect" title="Chişinău">Chişinău</a>, Moldova (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, Syria (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar"><img alt="Qatar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a>, Qatar (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a>, Iran (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, United States (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, France (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, Canada (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, France (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a>, Russia (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a>, Ukraine (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a>, China (2023)<a href="#cite_note-232">[227]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>, Latvia (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a>, Russia (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, Brazil (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a>, Russia (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, Georgia (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, Iran (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, Italy (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a>, Russia (2015)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partnerships">Partnerships</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Place_de_France,_Yerevan_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Place_de_France%2C_Yerevan_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Place_de_France%2C_Yerevan_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Place_de_France%2C_Yerevan_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Place_de_France%2C_Yerevan_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Place_de_France%2C_Yerevan_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Place_de_France%2C_Yerevan_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2944" data-file-height="1756" /></a><figcaption>Place de France with the statue of <a href="/wiki/Jules_Bastien-Lepage" title="Jules Bastien-Lepage">Jules Bastien-Lepage</a> by <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Auguste Rodin</a> at the centre are among the symbols featuring the partnership between Yerevan and <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></figcaption></figure> Yerevan also cooperates with:<a href="#cite_note-233">[228]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan"><img alt="Turkmenistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ashgabat" title="Ashgabat">Ashgabat</a>, Turkmenistan (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, Greece (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, Romania (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, India (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a>, France (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Khanty-Mansiysk" title="Khanty-Mansiysk">Khanty-Mansiysk</a>, Russia (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, France (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a>, Russia (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, Ukraine (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a>, Russia (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, Belarus (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pesaro" title="Pesaro">Pesaro</a>, Italy (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a>, Montenegro (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin">Qazvin</a>, Iran (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, Brazil (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, Bulgaria (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh"><img alt="Republic of Artsakh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Stepanakert" title="Stepanakert">Stepanakert</a>, Artsakh (2012-2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>, Italy (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Italy (2024)<a href="#cite_note-234">[229]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Yerevan" title="Category:People from Yerevan">Category:People from Yerevan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terter_Yerevantsi" title="Terter Yerevantsi">Terter Yerevantsi</a> (1290–1350), first person from Yerevan with fully known biography; <a href="/wiki/Scribe" title="Scribe">scribe</a> and poet; author of first known poems about Yerevan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskan_Yerevantsi" title="Voskan Yerevantsi">Voskan Yerevantsi</a> (17th century), printer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_I_of_Yerevan" title="Simeon I of Yerevan">Simeon I of Yerevan</a> (1710–1780), Catholicos of All Armenians</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazil_Iravani" title="Fazil Iravani">Fazil Iravani</a> (1782–1885), Shaykh al-Islām</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khachatur_Abovian" title="Khachatur Abovian">Khachatur Abovian</a> (1809–1848), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irakli_Gruzinsky" title="Irakli Gruzinsky">Irakli Gruzinsky</a> (1826–1882), Prince of Georgia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabbar_Baghtcheban" title="Jabbar Baghtcheban">Jabbar Baghtcheban</a> (1886–1966), Iranian educator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamo_Beknazarian" title="Hamo Beknazarian">Hamo Beknazarian</a> (1891–1965), film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silva_Kaputikyan" title="Silva Kaputikyan">Silva Kaputikyan</a> (1919–2006), poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arno_Babajanian" title="Arno Babajanian">Arno Babajanian</a> (1921–1983), Soviet composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigor_Khanjyan" title="Grigor Khanjyan">Grigor Khanjyan</a> (1926–2000), artist and painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Demirchyan" title="Karen Demirchyan">Karen Demirchyan</a> (1932–1999), Soviet and Armenian politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armen_Dzhigarkhanyan" title="Armen Dzhigarkhanyan">Armen Dzhigarkhanyan</a> (born 1935–2020), Soviet and Armenian-Russian actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Piotrovsky" title="Mikhail Piotrovsky">Mikhail Piotrovsky</a> (born 1944), Russian historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Tselovalnykov" class="mw-redirect" title="Ihor Tselovalnykov">Ihor Tselovalnykov</a> (1944–1986), Ukrainian cyclist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Sayadyan" title="Carlos Sayadyan">Carlos Sayadyan</a> (born 1948), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meschian" title="Arthur Meschian">Arthur Meschian</a> (born 1949), composer and architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%AAm%C3%BBr%C3%AA_Xel%C3%AEl" title="Têmûrê Xelîl">Têmûrê Xelîl</a> (born 1949), Yazidi journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruben_Hakhverdyan" title="Ruben Hakhverdyan">Ruben Hakhverdyan</a> (born 1950), singer/songwriter<a href="#cite_note-235">[230]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoren_Oganesian" title="Khoren Oganesian">Khoren Oganesian</a> (born 1955), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Weiner" title="William Weiner">William Weiner</a> (born 1955), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardan_Petrosyan" title="Vardan Petrosyan">Vardan Petrosyan</a> (born 1959), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasmik_Papian" title="Hasmik Papian">Hasmik Papian</a> (born 1961), soprano</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Simonyan" title="Tata Simonyan">Tata Simonyan</a> (born 1962), pop singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruben_Vardanyan_(businessman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruben Vardanyan (businessman)">Ruben Vardanyan</a> (born 1968), entrepreneur and philanthropist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garik_Martirosyan" title="Garik Martirosyan">Garik Martirosyan</a> (born 1974), Russia-based comedian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Abraham" title="Arthur Abraham">Arthur Abraham</a> (born 1980), boxer, world champion<a href="#cite_note-236">[231]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenchik" title="Armenchik">Armenchik</a> (born 1980), <a href="/wiki/Pop-folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop-folk">pop-folk</a> singer<a href="#cite_note-237">[232]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levon_Aronian" title="Levon Aronian">Levon Aronian</a> (born 1982), chess player<a href="#cite_note-238">[233]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Chicherova" title="Anna Chicherova">Anna Chicherova</a> (born 1982), Russian high jumper<a href="#cite_note-239">[234]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Khachatryan" title="Sergey Khachatryan">Sergey Khachatryan</a> (born 1985), <a href="/wiki/Violinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Violinist">violinist</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[235]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirusho" title="Sirusho">Sirusho</a> (born 1987), contemporary singer<a href="#cite_note-241">[236]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrikh_Mkhitaryan" title="Henrikh Mkhitaryan">Henrikh Mkhitaryan</a> (born 1989), football player<a href="#cite_note-242">[237]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iveta_Mukuchyan" title="Iveta Mukuchyan">Iveta Mukuchyan</a> (born 1986), contemporary singer<a href="#cite_note-bravo-243">[238]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armen_Adamjan" title="Armen Adamjan">Armen Adamjan</a> (born 1989 or 1990), TikToker<a href="#cite_note-The_Times_27_May_2023-244">[239]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: վարդագույն քաղաք, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Armenian" title="Romanization of Armenian">romanized</a>: vardaguyn k’aghak’, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> '<a href="/wiki/Rose_(color)" title="Rose (color)">rosy</a> city'.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Literal translation of the Armenian word for 'capital' (մայրաքաղաք, mayrak’aghak’, or քաղաքամայր, k’aghak’amayr).<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Classical_Armenian_orthography" title="Classical Armenian orthography">Classical spelling</a>: Երեւան; spelled Յերեվան between 1922 and 1940.<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> From the occasional local pronunciation <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Armenian" title="Help:IPA/Armenian">[ɛɾɛˈvɑn]</a>, which is phonetically spelled Էրևան, Ērevan.<a href="#cite_note-29">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[27]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> Also appears as 29,766 in the list of populated places in the Caucasus on page 213 of the 1915 publication of the Caucasian Calendar. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBillock2016" class="citation journal cs1">Billock, Jennifer (28 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/yerevan-armenias-pink-city-180961506/">"How Ancient Volcanoes Created Armenia's Pink City"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine)" title="Smithsonian (magazine)">Smithsonian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170103165426/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/yerevan-armenias-pink-city-180961506/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian&rft.atitle=How+Ancient+Volcanoes+Created+Armenia%27s+Pink+City&rft.date=2016-12-28&rft.aulast=Billock&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Ftravel%2Fyerevan-armenias-pink-city-180961506%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHovasapyan2012" class="citation web cs1">Hovasapyan, Zara (1 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancawr.org/when-in-armenia-go-where-the-armenians-go/">"When in Armenia, Go Where the Armenians Go"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Committee_of_America" title="Armenian National Committee of America">Armenian National Committee of America</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141028052547/http://www.ancawr.org/when-in-armenia-go-where-the-armenians-go/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014. <q>Made of local pink tufa stones, it gives Yerevan the nickname of "the Pink City.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=When+in+Armenia%2C+Go+Where+the+Armenians+Go&rft.pub=Armenian+National+Committee+of+America&rft.date=2012-08-01&rft.aulast=Hovasapyan&rft.aufirst=Zara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancawr.org%2Fwhen-in-armenia-go-where-the-armenians-go%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn1988" class="citation news cs1">Dunn, Ashley (21 February 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-02-21-me-44260-story.html">"Pink Rock Comes as Gift From Homeland in Answer to Armenian College's Dreams"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141216135715/http://articles.latimes.com/1988-02-21/local/me-44260_1_armenian-college">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014. <q>To Armenians, though, the stone is unique. They often refer to Yerevan, the capital of their homeland, as "Vartakouyn Kaghak," or the "Pink City" because of the extensive use of the stone, which can vary from pink to a light purple.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Pink+Rock+Comes+as+Gift+From+Homeland+in+Answer+to+Armenian+College%27s+Dreams&rft.date=1988-02-21&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1988-02-21-me-44260-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.am/pages.php?bId=1&hId=822">"Տուֆ [Tuff]"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Encyclopedia_Publishing_House" title="Armenian Encyclopedia Publishing House">encyclopedia.am</a> (in Armenian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150715182217/http://www.encyclopedia.am/pages.php?bId=1&hId=822">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2014. <q>Երևանն անվանում են վարդագույն քաղաք, որովհետև մեր մայրաքաղաքը կառուցապատված է վարդագույն գեղեցիկ տուֆե շենքերով:</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=encyclopedia.am&rft.atitle=%D5%8F%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%86+%5BTuff%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.am%2Fpages.php%3FbId%3D1%26hId%3D822&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yerevan.am/en/old-yerevan/">"Old Yerevan"</a>. yerevan.am. Yerevan Municipality. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141028034936/http://www.yerevan.am/en/old-yerevan/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014. <q>Since this construction material gave a unique vividness and specific tint to the city, Yerevan was called "Rosy city".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yerevan.am&rft.atitle=Old+Yerevan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yerevan.am%2Fen%2Fold-yerevan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ciup.fr/en/discover-the-maison-des-etudiants-armeniens/">"the Maison des étudiants arméniens"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_internationale_universitaire_de_Paris" title="Cité internationale universitaire de Paris">Cité internationale universitaire de Paris</a>. <q>...built a new "Mother-City", Yerevan, to make it the capital of Armenia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=the+Maison+des+%C3%A9tudiants+arm%C3%A9niens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ciup.fr%2Fen%2Fdiscover-the-maison-des-etudiants-armeniens%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShagoyan2011" class="citation book cs1">Shagoyan, Gayane (2011). "The Second City as the First City". Urban Spaces After Socialism: Ethnographies of Public Places in Eurasian Cities. Campus Verlag. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9k9pXQZ6oiEC&dq=yerevan&pg=PA69">69</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783593393841" title="Special:BookSources/9783593393841"><bdi>9783593393841</bdi></a>. <q>When curfew was declared in Yerevan in 1988, it was announced at the rally held in Leninakan that the center of the Karabakh Movement would be moving from the capital (Mother City in Armenian) to the Father City.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Second+City+as+the+First+City&rft.btitle=Urban+Spaces+After+Socialism%3A+Ethnographies+of+Public+Places+in+Eurasian+Cities&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Campus+Verlag&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9783593393841&rft.aulast=Shagoyan&rft.aufirst=Gayane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManougian2021" class="citation news cs1">Manougian, Harout (14 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://evnreport.com/elections/2021-municipal-elections-in-gyumri-and-other-cities/">"2021 Municipal Elections in Gyumri and Other Cities"</a>. <a href="/wiki/EVN_Report" title="EVN Report">EVN Report</a>. <q>The translation of 'capital city' in Armenian is literally 'mother city'. It is a common refrain that while Yerevan is Armenia's mother city...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=2021+Municipal+Elections+in+Gyumri+and+Other+Cities&rft.date=2021-09-14&rft.aulast=Manougian&rft.aufirst=Harout&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fevnreport.com%2Felections%2F2021-municipal-elections-in-gyumri-and-other-cities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armenpress.am/arm/news/951618">"Քաղաքամայր Երևանը տոնում է 2800-ամյա հոբելյանը. «Էրեբունի-Երևան» տոնակատարությունները մեկնարկում են մարաթոնով"</a> (in Armenian). <a href="/wiki/Armenpress" title="Armenpress">Armenpress</a>. 21 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80+%D4%B5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A8+%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4+%D5%A7+2800-%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B5%D5%A1+%D5%B0%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A8.+%C2%AB%D4%B7%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AB-%D4%B5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%C2%BB+%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A8+%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4+%D5%A5%D5%B6+%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%BE&rft.date=2018-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farmenpress.am%2Farm%2Fnews%2F951618&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adam_T._Smith" title="Adam T. Smith">Smith, Adam T.</a> (2012). ""Yerevan, My Ancient Erebuni"". In Hartley, Charles W.; Yazicioğlu, G. Bike; Smith, Adam T. (eds.). The Archaeology of Power and Politics in Eurasia: Regimes and Revolutions. Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UstGrkGNNQcC&dq=shengavit+archaeological&pg=PA59">59</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107016521" title="Special:BookSources/9781107016521"><bdi>9781107016521</bdi></a>. <q>A Stratigraphic History of Yerevan [...] the earliest known built settlement in the area is the Early Bronze Age site of Shengavit...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%22Yerevan%2C+My+Ancient+Erebuni%22&rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+Power+and+Politics+in+Eurasia%3A+Regimes+and+Revolutions&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781107016521&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Adam+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimonyan2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Simonyan, Hakob (13 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201129214757/https://yhm.am/archives/9841">"Շենգավիթ՝ Երևանի հնագույն քաղաքատեղին [Shengavit: Yerevan's Most Ancient Settlement]"</a>. yhm.am (in Armenian). <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_History_Museum" title="Yerevan History Museum">Yerevan History Museum</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yhm.am/archives/9841">the original</a> on 29 November 2020. <q>... ավելի քան 1200 տարի (Ք. ա. 3300-2100 թթ.) Շենգավիթի անընդմեջ բնակեցմանը [...] Շենգավիթ քաղաքատեղիի շերտերից վերցված փայտածխի՝ ռադիոածխածնային տարրալուծման մեթոդով ստացվող ամենավաղ տարիքը Ք. ա. 3300 թվականն է:</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yhm.am&rft.atitle=%D5%87%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A9%D5%9D+%D4%B5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB+%D5%B0%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%B6+%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%B6+%5BShengavit%3A+Yerevan%27s+Most+Ancient+Settlement%5D&rft.date=2018-12-13&rft.aulast=Simonyan&rft.aufirst=Hakob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyhm.am%2Farchives%2F9841&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarukhanyan2011" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sarukhanyan, Petros (21 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190720174059/http://www.hhpress.am/?sub=hodv&hodv=20110921_35&flag=am"><bdi lang="hy">Շնորհավո՛ր տոնդ, Երեւան դարձած իմ Էրեբունի</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Hayastani_Hanrapetutyun" title="Hayastani Hanrapetutyun">Hayastani Hanrapetutyun</a> (in Armenian). Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2014. <q>Պատմական իրադարձությունների բերումով Երեւանին ուշ է հաջողվել քաղաք դառնալ։ Այդ կարգավիճակը նրան տրվել է 1879 թվականին, Ալեքսանդր Երկրորդ ցարի հոկտեմբերի 1—ի հրամանով։</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hayastani+Hanrapetutyun&rft.atitle=%D5%87%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D5%9B%D6%80+%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4%2C+%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6+%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A1%D5%AE+%D5%AB%D5%B4+%D4%B7%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AB&rft.date=2011-09-21&rft.aulast=Sarukhanyan&rft.aufirst=Petros&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hhpress.am%2F%3Fsub%3Dhodv%26hodv%3D20110921_35%26flag%3Dam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)() </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210405112538/http://www.historyofarmenia-am.armin.am/am/Encyclopedia_of_armenian_history_Yerevan">"Երևան [Yerevan]"</a>. Encyclopedia of Armenian History (in Armenian). Institute for Armenian Studies of <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_State_University" title="Yerevan State University">Yerevan State University</a>. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021. <q>1870 թ. սահմանված քաղաքային կանոնադրության համաձայն, որը Երևանում կիրառության մեջ է մտել 1879 թ. հոկտեմբերի 1-ից, ստեղծվել են քաղաքային խորհուրդ (դումա), վարչություն և տեղական ինքնակառավարման այլ մարմիններ:</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Armenian+History&rft.atitle=%D4%B5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6+%5BYerevan%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyofarmenia-am.armin.am%2Fam%2FEncyclopedia_of_armenian_history_Yerevan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHovannisian1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_G._Hovannisian" title="Richard G. Hovannisian">Hovannisian, Richard</a> (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/republicofarmeni0000hova">The Republic of Armenia: The First Year, 1918–1919</a>. University of California Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/republicofarmeni0000hova/page/41">41</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520018051" title="Special:BookSources/9780520018051"><bdi>9780520018051</bdi></a>. <q>On July 19 the Armenian cabinet and National Council were greeted at the outskirts of Erevan by Aram, Dro, and General Nazarbekian. Together the entourage rode into the nation's capital.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Republic+of+Armenia%3A+The+First+Year%2C+1918%E2%80%931919&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=9780520018051&rft.aulast=Hovannisian&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frepublicofarmeni0000hova&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Academy_of_Sciences_of_Armenia2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Academy of Sciences of Armenia">National Academy of Sciences of Armenia</a> (2012). "Երևան [Yerevan]". In Ayvazyan, Hovhannes (ed.). Հայաստան Հանրագիտարան [Armenia Encyclopedia] (in Armenian). Yerevan: <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Encyclopedia_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Encyclopedia Publishing">Armenian Encyclopedia Publishing</a>. p. <a class="external text" href="https://hy.wikisource.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BB:Armenia_Encyclopedia.djvu/809">809</a>. <q>1918-ի հուլիսին Երևան է տեղափոխվել նույն թվականի մայիսի 28-ին Թիֆլիսում հռչակված Հայաստանի Հանրապետության Կառավարությունը։ Երևանը դարձել է Հայաստանի առաջին հանրապետության մայրաքաղաքը։</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D4%B5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6+%5BYerevan%5D&rft.btitle=%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6+%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6+%5BArmenia+Encyclopedia%5D&rft.place=Yerevan&rft.pages=809&rft.pub=Armenian+Encyclopedia+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.au=National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+Armenia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2022_Census-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2022_Census_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2022_Census_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2022_Census_19-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.armstat.am/en/?nid=82&id=2623">"The Main Results of RA Census 2022, trilingual / Armenian Statistical Service of Republic of Armenia"</a>. www.armstat.am. Retrieved 17 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.armstat.am&rft.atitle=The+Main+Results+of+RA+Census+2022%2C+trilingual+%2F+Armenian+Statistical+Service+of+Republic+of+Armenia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.armstat.am%2Fen%2F%3Fnid%3D82%26id%3D2623&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell" class="citation book cs1">Bell, Imogen (ed.). "Armenia". Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia 2003 (3rd ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EPP3ti4hysUC&dq=yerevan+population+with+suburbs&pg=PA84">84</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781857431377" title="Special:BookSources/9781857431377"><bdi>9781857431377</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Armenia&rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe%2C+Russia+and+Central+Asia+2003&rft.place=London&rft.pages=84&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.isbn=9781857431377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartley,_Charles_W.Yazicioğlu,_G._BikeSmith,_Adam_T.2012" class="citation book cs1">Hartley, Charles W.; Yazicioğlu, G. Bike; Smith, Adam T., eds. (2012). The Archaeology of Power and Politics in Eurasia: Regimes and Revolutions. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107016521" title="Special:BookSources/9781107016521"><bdi>9781107016521</bdi></a>. <q>...of even the most modern Yerevantsi.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+Power+and+Politics+in+Eurasia%3A+Regimes+and+Revolutions&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781107016521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIshkhanian2005" class="citation book cs1">Ishkhanian, Armine (2005). <a href="/wiki/Touraj_Atabaki" title="Touraj Atabaki">Atabaki, Touraj</a>; Mehendale, Sanjyot (eds.). Central Asia and the Caucasus: Transnationalism and Diaspora. New York: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_EeHWWBpn14C&dq=yerevantsis+residents&pg=PA122">122</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134319947" title="Special:BookSources/9781134319947"><bdi>9781134319947</bdi></a>. <q>...Yerevantsis (residents of Yerevan)...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Central+Asia+and+the+Caucasus%3A+Transnationalism+and+Diaspora&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781134319947&rft.aulast=Ishkhanian&rft.aufirst=Armine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnelly2015" class="citation news cs1">Connelly, Andrew (13 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-conflict-a-century-after-the-genocide-armenians-flee-war-and-return-to-land-of-their-ancestors-10173968.html">"Syria conflict: A century after the 'genocide', Armenians flee war and return to land of their ancestors"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915234039/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-conflict-a-century-after-the-genocide-armenians-flee-war-and-return-to-land-of-their-ancestors-10173968.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2018. <q>...cafés as Yerevanites have taken to smoking nargile water pipes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Syria+conflict%3A+A+century+after+the+%27genocide%27%2C+Armenians+flee+war+and+return+to+land+of+their+ancestors&rft.date=2015-04-13&rft.aulast=Connelly&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fsyria-conflict-a-century-after-the-genocide-armenians-flee-war-and-return-to-land-of-their-ancestors-10173968.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzadian2014" class="citation news cs1">Azadian, Edmond Y. (4 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mirrorspectator.com/2014/12/05/armenian-politics-in-yerevan-taxicabs/">"Armenian Politics in Yerevan Taxicabs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Mirror-Spectator" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Mirror-Spectator">Armenian Mirror-Spectator</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915225908/https://mirrorspectator.com/2014/12/05/armenian-politics-in-yerevan-taxicabs/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2018. <q>Most of Yerevanites are enjoying better living conditions....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Armenian+Mirror-Spectator&rft.atitle=Armenian+Politics+in+Yerevan+Taxicabs&rft.date=2014-12-04&rft.aulast=Azadian&rft.aufirst=Edmond+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmirrorspectator.com%2F2014%2F12%2F05%2Farmenian-politics-in-yerevan-taxicabs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armstat.am/file/article/sv_08_19a_112.pdf">"Համախառն ներքին արդյունքն (ՀՆԱ) ըստ ՀՀ մարզերի եւ Երեւան քաղաքի 2015-2017թթ"</a> (PDF), armstat.am</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=armstat.am&rft.atitle=%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6+%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%B6+%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6+%28%D5%80%D5%86%D4%B1%29+%D5%A8%D5%BD%D5%BF+%D5%80%D5%80+%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB+%D5%A5%D6%82+%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6+%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AB+2015-2017%D5%A9%D5%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farmstat.am%2Ffile%2Farticle%2Fsv_08_19a_112.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalDataLab-26"><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/ARM/?levels=1+4&years=2022&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0">"Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab"</a>. hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdi.globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+%E2%80%93+Area+Database+%E2%80%93+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobaldatalab.org%2Fshdi%2Ftable%2Fshdi%2FARM%2F%3Flevels%3D1%2B4%26years%3D2022%26interpolation%3D0%26extrapolation%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorkotyan1932" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Korkotyan, Zaven (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220202085400/http://haygirk.nla.am/upload/1512-1940/1901-1940/hayastani_bnakchutyuny_1932.pdf"><bdi lang="hy">Խորհրդային Հայաստանի բնակչությունը վերջին հարյուրամյակում (1831-1931)</bdi></a> [<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110752153" class="extiw" title="d:Q110752153">The population of Soviet Armenia in the last century (1831–1931)</a>] (PDF) (in Armenian). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://haygirk.nla.am/upload/1512-1940/1901-1940/hayastani_bnakchutyuny_1932.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D4%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6+%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB+%D5%A2%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8+%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%B6+%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4+%281831-1931%29&rft.place=Yerevan&rft.pub=Pethrat&rft.date=1932&rft.aulast=Korkotyan&rft.aufirst=Zaven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhaygirk.nla.am%2Fupload%2F1512-1940%2F1901-1940%2Fhayastani_bnakchutyuny_1932.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShekoyan2006" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D5%87%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6" class="extiw" title="hy:Արմեն Շեկոյան">Shekoyan, Armen</a> [in Armenian] (24 June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aravot.am/2006/06/24/325215/">"Ծերունին եւ ծովը Գլուխ հինգերորդ [The Old Man and The Sea. Chapter Five]"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Aravot" title="Aravot">Aravot</a> (in Armenian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161018101707/http://www.aravot.am/2006/06/24/325215/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2016. <q>– Ես առավո՛տը ղալաթ արի, որ չգացի Էրեւան,- ասաց Հերոսը.- որ հիմի Էրեւան ըլնեի, դու դժվար թե ըսենց բլբլայիր:</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aravot&rft.atitle=%D4%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6+%D5%A5%D6%82+%D5%AE%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A8+%D4%B3%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AD+%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4+%5BThe+Old+Man+and+The+Sea.+Chapter+Five%5D&rft.date=2006-06-24&rft.aulast=Shekoyan&rft.aufirst=Armen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aravot.am%2F2006%2F06%2F24%2F325215%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panorama.am/am/news/2011/09/21/armenia/886675"><bdi lang="hy">"Ես քեզ սիրում եմ",- այս խոսքերը ասում եմ քեզ, ի'մ Էրևան, արժեր հասնել աշխարհի ծերը, որ էս բառերը հասկանամ...»</bdi></a>. panorama.am (in Armenian). 21 September 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161018101451/http://www.panorama.am/am/news/2011/09/21/armenia/886675">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=panorama.am&rft.atitle=%22%D4%B5%D5%BD+%D6%84%D5%A5%D5%A6+%D5%BD%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4+%D5%A5%D5%B4%22%2C-+%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD+%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%BD%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A8+%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4+%D5%A5%D5%B4+%D6%84%D5%A5%D5%A6%2C+%D5%AB%27%D5%B4+%D4%B7%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%2C+%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AA%D5%A5%D6%80+%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%AC+%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%AB+%D5%AE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A8%2C+%D5%B8%D6%80+%D5%A7%D5%BD+%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A8+%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4...%C2%BB&rft.date=2011-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panorama.am%2Fam%2Fnews%2F2011%2F09%2F21%2Farmenia%2F886675&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBournoutian2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Bournoutian" title="George Bournoutian">Bournoutian, George A.</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00geor">A Concise History of the Armenian People: From Ancient Times to the Present</a> (2nd ed.). Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781568591414" title="Special:BookSources/9781568591414"><bdi>9781568591414</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+the+Armenian+People%3A+From+Ancient+Times+to+the+Present&rft.place=Costa+Mesa%2C+California&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Mazda+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781568591414&rft.aulast=Bournoutian&rft.aufirst=George+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconcisehistoryof00geor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-araratian-tem1-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-araratian-tem1_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-araratian-tem1_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141016122557/http://www.araratian-tem.am/index.php?page=history">"Qahana.am"</a>. 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Cambridge University Press. p. 346. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521224963" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521224963"><bdi>978-0521224963</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Urartu&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Ancient+History%2C+Vol.+3%2C+Part+1%3A+The+Prehistory+of+the+Balkans%2C+the+Aegean+World%2C+Tenth+to+Eighth+Centuries+BC&rft.pages=346&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0521224963&rft.au=R.+D.+Barnett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvXljf8JqmkoC%26q%3DErebuni%2B776%26pg%3DPA346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHovannisian1971" class="citation book cs1">Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971). The Republic of Armenia: The First Year, 1918–1919, Vol. I. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 126–127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-01984-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-01984-9"><bdi>0-520-01984-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Republic+of+Armenia%3A+The+First+Year%2C+1918%E2%80%931919%2C+Vol.+I&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=126-127&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-520-01984-9&rft.aulast=Hovannisian&rft.aufirst=Richard+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_News_Centre-37"><a href="#cite_ref-UN_News_Centre_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2010/07/343992-yerevan-named-world-book-capital-2012-un-cultural-agency">"Yerevan named World Book Capital 2012 by UN cultural agency"</a>. UN News. 6 July 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170206012401/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=35242&Cr=UNESCO&Cr1=">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UN+News&rft.atitle=Yerevan+named+World+Book+Capital+2012+by+UN+cultural+agency&rft.date=2010-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2010%2F07%2F343992-yerevan-named-world-book-capital-2012-un-cultural-agency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150606102103/http://www.eurocities.eu/eurocities/members/members_list">"Members List"</a>. eurocities.eu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurocities.eu/eurocities/members/members_list&country=armen&memcat=">the original</a> on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eurocities.eu&rft.atitle=Members+List&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurocities.eu%2Feurocities%2Fmembers%2Fmembers_list%26country%3Darmen%26memcat%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Marie-F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_Brosset" title="Marie-Félicité Brosset">Marie-Félicité Brosset</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_LZkLAAAAYAAJ">Rapports sur un voyage archéologique dans la Georgie et dans l'Aarménie exécuté en 1847–1848</a>. — Académie Impériale, 1849. — P. 116 </li> <li id="cite_note-SAE-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SAE_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAE_40-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAE_40-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAE_40-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SAE_40-4">e</a> (in Armenian) Baghdasaryan A., Simonyan A, et al. "Երևան" (Yerevan). <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Armenian_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia">Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia</a> Volume 3. Yerevan, Armenian SSR: <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Academy of Sciences">Armenian Academy of Sciences</a>, 1977, pp. 548–564. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsraelyan1971" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Israelyan, Margarit A. (1971). Էրեբունի: Բերդ-Քաղաքի Պատմություն [Erebuni: The History of a Fortress-City] (in Armenian). Yerevan: Hayastan Publishing Press. pp. 12–13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D4%B7%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AB%3A+%D4%B2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A4-%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AB+%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6&rft.place=Yerevan&rft.pages=12-13&rft.pub=Hayastan+Publishing+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Israelyan&rft.aufirst=Margarit+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Israelyan (1971), p. 137. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBournoutian1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Bournoutian" title="George Bournoutian">Bournoutian, George A.</a> (1982). Eastern Armenia in the Last Decades of Persian Rule, 1807-1828: A Political and Socioeconomic Study of the Khanate of Erevan on the Eve of the Russian Conquest. Undena Publications. p. 3 (note 3). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0890031223" title="Special:BookSources/978-0890031223"><bdi>978-0890031223</bdi></a>. <q>Erevan is pronounced Yerevan and was called Iravan by Persian sources, and Erivan by Western and Russian sources of the time.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Armenia+in+the+Last+Decades+of+Persian+Rule%2C+1807-1828%3A+A+Political+and+Socioeconomic+Study+of+the+Khanate+of+Erevan+on+the+Eve+of+the+Russian+Conquest&rft.pages=3+%28note+3%29&rft.pub=Undena+Publications&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0890031223&rft.aulast=Bournoutian&rft.aufirst=George+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBournoutian2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Bournoutian" title="George Bournoutian">Bournoutian, George A.</a> (2021). From the Kur to the Aras: A Military History of Russia's Move into the South Caucasus and the First Russo-Iranian War, 1801-1813. Brill. p. xvii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-44515-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-44515-4"><bdi>978-90-04-44515-4</bdi></a>. <q>After the sixteenth century, almost all Armenian sources, including manuscripts, consistently refer to the present-day capital of Armenia as Yerevan. Russian sources in the period under discussion call it Erivan and the Iranians Iravan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Kur+to+the+Aras%3A+A+Military+History+of+Russia%27s+Move+into+the+South+Caucasus+and+the+First+Russo-Iranian+War%2C+1801-1813&rft.pages=xvii&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-90-04-44515-4&rft.aulast=Bournoutian&rft.aufirst=George+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFЭРИВАНИ_Мирза_Кадым_Мамед-Гусейн_оглы_ЭРИДА" class="citation web cs1">ЭРИВАНИ Мирза Кадым Мамед-Гусейн оглы ЭРИДА. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc3p/337666/%D0%AD%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%92%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%AC">"ЭРИВАНЬ – это... Что такое ЭРИВАНЬ?"</a>. Dic.academic.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180928123116/https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc3p/337666/%D0%AD%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%92%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%AC">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%AD%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%92%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%AC+%E2%80%93+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE...+%D0%A7%D1%82%D0%BE+%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%AD%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%92%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%AC%3F&rft.pub=Dic.academic.ru&rft.au=%D0%AD%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%92%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%98+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4-%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD+%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8B+%D0%AD%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%94%D0%90&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdic.academic.ru%2Fdic.nsf%2Fenc3p%2F337666%2F%25D0%25AD%25D0%25A0%25D0%2598%25D0%2592%25D0%2590%25D0%259D%25D0%25AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Yerevan%2CErevan&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CYerevan%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CErevan%3B%2Cc0">"Yerevan, Erevan (1900–2008)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Google_Ngram_Viewer" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Ngram Viewer">Google Ngram Viewer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915194925/https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Yerevan%2CErevan&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CYerevan%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CErevan%3B%2Cc0">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yerevan%2C+Erevan+%281900%E2%80%932008%29&rft.pub=Google+Ngram+Viewer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fngrams%2Fgraph%3Fcontent%3DYerevan%252CErevan%26year_start%3D1900%26year_end%3D2008%26corpus%3D15%26smoothing%3D3%26share%3D%26direct_url%3Dt1%253B%252CYerevan%253B%252Cc0%253B.t1%253B%252CErevan%253B%252Cc0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLottman1976" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Lottman" title="Herbert Lottman">Lottman, Herbert R.</a> (29 February 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1976/02/29/archives/despite-ages-of-captivity-the-armenians-persevere-armenia-a-hint-of.html">"Despite Ages of Captivity, The Armenians Persevere"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. p. 287. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180623193943/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/02/29/archives/despite-ages-of-captivity-the-armenians-persevere-armenia-a-hint-of.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2018. Retrieved 26 February 2017. <q>...Erevan, capital of Armenia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Despite+Ages+of+Captivity%2C+The+Armenians+Persevere&rft.pages=287&rft.date=1976-02-29&rft.aulast=Lottman&rft.aufirst=Herbert+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1976%2F02%2F29%2Farchives%2Fdespite-ages-of-captivity-the-armenians-persevere-armenia-a-hint-of.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Worldwide_Destinations-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Worldwide_Destinations_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonifaceCooperCooper2012" class="citation book cs1">Boniface, Brian; Cooper, Chris; Cooper, Robyn (2012). Worldwide Destinations: The Geography of Travel and Tourism (6th ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 338. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-52277-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-52277-9"><bdi>978-0-415-52277-9</bdi></a>. <q>The snow-capped peak of Ararat is a holy mountain and national symbol for Armenians, dominating the horizon in the capital, Erevan, yet it is virtually inaccessible as it lies across the border in Turkey.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Worldwide+Destinations%3A+The+Geography+of+Travel+and+Tourism&rft.pages=338&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-415-52277-9&rft.aulast=Boniface&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Cooper%2C+Chris&rft.au=Cooper%2C+Robyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvagyan1998" class="citation book cs1">Avagyan, Ṛafayel (1998). Yerevan—heart of Armenia: meetings on the roads of time. <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Writers_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Union of Writers of Armenia">Union of Writers of Armenia</a>. p. 17. <q>The sacred biblical mountain prevailing over Yerevan was the very visiting card by which foreigners came to know our country.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yerevan%E2%80%94heart+of+Armenia%3A+meetings+on+the+roads+of+time&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Union+of+Writers+of+Armenia&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Avagyan&rft.aufirst=%E1%B9%9Aafayel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090113182323/http://www.yerevan.am/index.php?page=emblem&lang=eng">"Symbols and emblems of the city"</a>. Yerevan.am. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yerevan.am/index.php?page=emblem&lang=eng">the original</a> on 13 January 2009. Retrieved 2 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Symbols+and+emblems+of+the+city&rft.pub=Yerevan.am&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yerevan.am%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Demblem%26lang%3Deng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crwflags.com/FOTW/flags/am-yerev.html">"Yerevan (Municipality, Armenia)"</a>. CRW Flags. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141010191846/http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/am-yerev.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yerevan+%28Municipality%2C+Armenia%29&rft.pub=CRW+Flags&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crwflags.com%2FFOTW%2Fflags%2Fam-yerev.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.panarmenian.net/arm/details/118010/">"Շենգավիթ. Հին Երևանի ամենավաղ և բացառիկ վկայությունը. Հայտնի հնավայրի 2012 թ-ի պեղումների և նշանակության մասին"</a>. PanARMENIAN.Net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116141209/https://www.panarmenian.net/arm/details/118010/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PanARMENIAN.Net&rft.atitle=%D5%87%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A9.+%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6+%D4%B5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB+%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B2+%D6%87+%D5%A2%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%AB%D5%AF+%D5%BE%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8.+%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%AB+%D5%B0%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%AB+2012+%D5%A9-%D5%AB+%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB+%D6%87+%D5%B6%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6+%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.panarmenian.net%2Farm%2Fdetails%2F118010%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111002075814/http://www.yerevan.am/main.php?page_id=278&lang=3">"Yerevan Municipality:Old Yerevan"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yerevan.am/main.php?page_id=278&lang=3">the original</a> on 2 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yerevan+Municipality%3AOld+Yerevan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yerevan.am%2Fmain.php%3Fpage_id%3D278%26lang%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Brady Kiesling, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926164336/http://yerevan.usembassy.gov/armenia.pdf">"Rediscovering Armenia"</a> (PDF). 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yerevan.usembassy.gov/armenia.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 26 September 2007. Retrieved 27 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rediscovering+Armenia&rft.date=2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyerevan.usembassy.gov%2Farmenia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Israelyan. Erebuni, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Ian Lindsay and Adam T. Smith, A History of Archaeology in the Republic of Armenia, Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 31, No. 2, Summer, 2006:173. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHacikyanBasmajian,_GabrielFranchuk,_Edward_S.Ouzounian,_Nourhan2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Agop_Jack_Hacikyan" title="Agop Jack Hacikyan">Hacikyan, Agop Jack</a>; Basmajian, Gabriel; Franchuk, Edward S.; Ouzounian, Nourhan (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heritageofarmeni00ajha/page/168">The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the Oral Tradition to the Golden Age</a>. Vol. 1. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heritageofarmeni00ajha/page/168">168</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-2815-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-2815-6"><bdi>978-0-8143-2815-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Heritage+of+Armenian+Literature%3A+From+the+Oral+Tradition+to+the+Golden+Age&rft.place=Detroit&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8143-2815-6&rft.aulast=Hacikyan&rft.aufirst=Agop+Jack&rft.au=Basmajian%2C+Gabriel&rft.au=Franchuk%2C+Edward+S.&rft.au=Ouzounian%2C+Nourhan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fheritageofarmeni00ajha%2Fpage%2F168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbedrosian.com/atmi4.htm">"The Turco-Mongol Invasions"</a>. Rbedrosian.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120722083934/http://rbedrosian.com/atmi4.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Turco-Mongol+Invasions&rft.pub=Rbedrosian.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frbedrosian.com%2Fatmi4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Kouymjian, Dickran (1997), "Armenia from the Fall of the Cilician Kingdom (1375) to the Forced Migration under Shah Abbas (1604)" in The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume II: Foreign Dominion to Statehood: The Fifteenth Century to the Twentieth Century, ed. <a href="/wiki/Richard_G._Hovannisian" title="Richard G. Hovannisian">Richard G. Hovannisian</a>, New York: St. Martin's Press, p. 4. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4039-6422-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-4039-6422-X">1-4039-6422-X</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Kouymjian. "Armenia", p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-Kouymjian._Armenia,_p._5-61"><a href="#cite_ref-Kouymjian._Armenia,_p._5_61-0">^</a> Kouymjian. "Armenia", p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> Steven R. Ward. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MOuVAgAAQBAJ&dq=shah+ismail+conquers+armenia+in&pg=PA43">Immortal, Updated Edition: A Military History of Iran and Its Armed Forces</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171005033710/https://books.google.nl/books?id=MOuVAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA43&dq=shah+ismail+conquers+armenia+in&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=qktRVeLjO4i07gbns4CwCg&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=shah%20ismail%20conquers%20armenia%20in&f=false">Archived</a> 5 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> pp 43. Georgetown University Press, 8 January 2014 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1626160325" title="Special:BookSources/1626160325">1626160325</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East, Vol. II, ed. Spencer C. Tucker, (ABC-CLIO, 2010). 516. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073943/http://www.religions.am/files/788/library/historic/H006.pdf">"History of Eastern Armenia"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religions.am/files/788/library/historic/H006.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Eastern+Armenia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.religions.am%2Ffiles%2F788%2Flibrary%2Fhistoric%2FH006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-v8f5-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-v8f5_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-v8f5_65-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v8f5/v8f561.html">Encyclopaedia Iranica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071009205010/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v8f5/v8f561.html">Archived</a> 9 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (George A. Bournoutian and Robert H. Hewsen, Erevan) </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Timothy C. Dowling <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&dq=russo+persian+war+1804-1813&pg=PA728">Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626144341/https://books.google.nl/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA728&dq=russo+persian+war+1804-1813&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=QnOXVJXpCcz7UPevhPAK&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=russo%20persian%20war%201804-1813&f=false">Archived</a> 26 June 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> pp 728–729 ABC-CLIO, 2 December 2014 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1598849484" title="Special:BookSources/1598849484">1598849484</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerro2003" class="citation book cs1">Ferro, Mark (2003). The Use and Abuse of History: How the Past Is Taught to Children. London: Routledge. p. 233. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-28592-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-28592-5"><bdi>0-415-28592-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Use+and+Abuse+of+History%3A+How+the+Past+Is+Taught+to+Children&rft.place=London&rft.pages=233&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-415-28592-5&rft.aulast=Ferro&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirakossian2003" class="citation book cs1">Kirakossian, Arman J. (2003). British Diplomacy and the Armenian Question: From the 1830s to 1914. New York: <a href="/wiki/Gomidas_Institute" title="Gomidas Institute">Gomidas Institute</a>. p. 142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-884630-07-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-884630-07-3"><bdi>1-884630-07-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Diplomacy+and+the+Armenian+Question%3A+From+the+1830s+to+1914&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=142&rft.pub=Gomidas+Institute&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-884630-07-3&rft.aulast=Kirakossian&rft.aufirst=Arman+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Timothy C. Dowling <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&dq=russo+persian+war+1804-1813&pg=PA728">Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626144341/https://books.google.nl/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA728&dq=russo+persian+war+1804-1813&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=QnOXVJXpCcz7UPevhPAK&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=russo%20persian%20war%201804-1813&f=false">Archived</a> 26 June 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> p 729 ABC-CLIO, 2 December 2014 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1598849484" title="Special:BookSources/1598849484">1598849484</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBournoutian198020-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBournoutian198020_70-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBournoutian1980">Bournoutian 1980</a>, p. 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Legal Analysis. Heiko Krger, Heiko Krüger. Springer, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-642-11787-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-642-11787-2">3-642-11787-2</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-11787-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-11787-9">978-3-642-11787-9</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bournoutian2018Yerevan-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bournoutian2018Yerevan_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bournoutian2018Yerevan_72-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBournoutian2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Bournoutian" title="George Bournoutian">Bournoutian, George</a> (2018). Armenia and Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900-1914. Routledge. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenia+and+Imperial+Decline%3A+The+Yerevan+Province%2C+1900-1914&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Bournoutian&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> (in Russian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gatchina3000.ru/big/119/119478_brockhaus-efron.htm">Erivan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915195008/http://gatchina3000.ru/big/119/119478_brockhaus-efron.htm">Archived</a> 15 September 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Brockhaus_and_Efron_Encyclopedic_Dictionary" title="Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary">Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary</a>, St. Petersburg, Russia, 1890–1907. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1980" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Christopher (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/armeniasurvivalo0000walk_c0v5/page/75">Armenia: A Survival of a Nation, Chapter 3</a>. Librairie Au Service de la Culture. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/armeniasurvivalo0000walk_c0v5/page/75">75</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-04944-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-04944-7"><bdi>978-0-312-04944-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenia%3A+A+Survival+of+a+Nation%2C+Chapter+3&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Librairie+Au+Service+de+la+Culture&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-312-04944-7&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farmeniasurvivalo0000walk_c0v5%2Fpage%2F75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Univ-75"><a href="#cite_ref-Univ_75-0">^</a> (in French) Encyclopædia Universalis France S.A., " Erevan ", 1995. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBobelian2009" class="citation book cs1">Bobelian, Michael (2009). Children of Armenia: A Forgotten Genocide and the Century-long Struggle for Justice. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-5725-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-5725-8"><bdi>978-1-4165-5725-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Children+of+Armenia%3A+A+Forgotten+Genocide+and+the+Century-long+Struggle+for+Justice&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-5725-8&rft.aulast=Bobelian&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> Hovannisian. Armenia on the Road to Independence, p. 193. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://novosti.az/azerbaijan/3635.html">"ФАКТЫ: Передача Иревана от Азербайджана Армении - 16 "за", 1 "против""</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181102043115/http://novosti.az/azerbaijan/3635.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A4%D0%90%D0%9A%D0%A2%D0%AB%3A+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0+%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+-+16+%22%D0%B7%D0%B0%22%2C+1+%22%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnovosti.az%2Fazerbaijan%2F3635.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuny1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Grigor_Suny" title="Ronald Grigor Suny">Suny, Ronald Grigor</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/revengepastnatio00suny">The Revenge of the Past: Nationalism, Revolution, and the Collapse of the Soviet Union</a>. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/revengepastnatio00suny/page/n144">122</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-2247-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-2247-1"><bdi>0-8047-2247-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Revenge+of+the+Past%3A+Nationalism%2C+Revolution%2C+and+the+Collapse+of+the+Soviet+Union&rft.place=Stanford&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-8047-2247-1&rft.aulast=Suny&rft.aufirst=Ronald+Grigor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frevengepastnatio00suny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalkasian1996" class="citation book cs1">Malkasian, Mark (1996). 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Wayne State University Press. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8143-2605-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8143-2605-6"><bdi>0-8143-2605-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gha-ra-bagh%21%3A+The+Emergence+of+the+National+Democratic+Movement+in+Armenia&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8143-2605-6&rft.aulast=Malkasian&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BJFAO-81"><a href="#cite_ref-BJFAO_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180704214212/http://www.bjfao.gov.cn/yhjw/famous/asia/11311.htm"><bdi lang="zh">埃里温</bdi></a> (in Chinese). 北京市人民政府外事办公室. 20 December 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bjfao.gov.cn/yhjw/famous/asia/11311.htm">the original</a> on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E6%B8%A9&rft.pub=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4&rft.date=2010-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bjfao.gov.cn%2Fyhjw%2Ffamous%2Fasia%2F11311.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAstourian2001" class="citation book cs1">Astourian, Stephan H. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130620084455/http://iseees.berkeley.edu/bps/publications/2000_04-asto.pdf">From Ter-Petrosian to Kocharian: Leadership Change in Armenia</a> (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. p. 44. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iseees.berkeley.edu/bps/publications/2000_04-asto.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 20 June 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Ter-Petrosian+to+Kocharian%3A+Leadership+Change+in+Armenia&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=University+of+California%2C+Berkeley&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Astourian&rft.aufirst=Stephan+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiseees.berkeley.edu%2Fbps%2Fpublications%2F2000_04-asto.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAstourian200145-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAstourian200145_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAstourian2001">Astourian 2001</a>, p. 45. </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Human rights watch world report 1997: events of 1996. New York: <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. 1997. p. 198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781564322074" title="Special:BookSources/9781564322074"><bdi>9781564322074</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+rights+watch+world+report+1997%3A+events+of+1996&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9781564322074&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jeffries-85"><a href="#cite_ref-Jeffries_85-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffries2003" class="citation book cs1">Jeffries, Ian (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/caucasuscentrala00jeff">The Caucasus and Central Asian Republics at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century: A guide to the economies in transition</a>. New York: Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/caucasuscentrala00jeff/page/n67">57</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203358474" title="Special:BookSources/9780203358474"><bdi>9780203358474</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Caucasus+and+Central+Asian+Republics+at+the+Turn+of+the+Twenty-First+Century%3A+A+guide+to+the+economies+in+transition&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780203358474&rft.aulast=Jeffries&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcaucasuscentrala00jeff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ArmLibApr14-86"><a href="#cite_ref-ArmLibApr14_86-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armenialiberty.org/armeniareport/report/en/2008/04/1012E569-AB17-4FAA-AB68-0CF9FA972F62.asp">"Death Toll in Armenia's Post-election Melee Rises to Ten"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080725011617/http://www.armenialiberty.org/armeniareport/report/en/2008/04/1012E569-AB17-4FAA-AB68-0CF9FA972F62.asp">Archived</a> 25 July 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Armenia Liberty ([RFE/RL]), 14 April 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCMar2-87"><a href="#cite_ref-BBCMar2_87-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7272299.stm">Armenia declares emergency rule"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201050025/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7272299.stm">Archived</a> 1 December 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 1 March 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.azatutyun.am/a/27919472.html">"Մահացել է ՊՊԾ գնդի տարածքի գրավման ժամանակ վիրավորված ոստիկանը"</a>. «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան. 13 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201119090605/https://www.azatutyun.am/a/27919472.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2020. 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The New Indian Express. 19 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200921100450/https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2016/jul/19/Police-officials-held-hostage-for-fourth-day-in-Armenia-by-Pro-opposition-gunmen-882723.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Police+officials+held+hostage+for+fourth+day+in+Armenia+by+Pro-opposition+gunmen&rft.date=2016-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fjul%2F19%2Fpolice-officials-held-hostage-for-fourth-day-in-armenia-by-pro-opposition-gunmen-882723.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Azatian-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Azatian_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Azatian_90-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Azatian_90-2">c</a> (in Armenian and Russian) V. Azatian et T. 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Routledge. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136310478" title="Special:BookSources/9781136310478"><bdi>9781136310478</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801072753/https://books.google.com/books?id=2oubq9yIE_oC&pg=PA52">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2020. 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Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.am&rft.atitle=%22%D4%B7%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AB%22+%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6+%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%AB+%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D6%84%D5%B6+%D5%A8%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4+%D5%A7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.am%2Farm%2Fnews%2F274751.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BAMS2018-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BAMS2018_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BAMS2018_94-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJessica_BlundenDerek_Arndt2019" class="citation journal cs1">Jessica Blunden; Derek Arndt (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1175%2F2019BAMSStateoftheClimate.1">"State of the Climate in 2018"</a>. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 100 (9): Si-S306. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1175%2F2019BAMSStateoftheClimate.1">10.1175/2019BAMSStateoftheClimate.1</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12542%2F276">20.500.12542/276</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-0007">0003-0007</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:202481135">202481135</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Meteorological+Society&rft.atitle=State+of+the+Climate+in+2018&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=Si-S306&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F20.500.12542%2F276&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A202481135%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0003-0007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1175%2F2019BAMSStateoftheClimate.1&rft.au=Jessica+Blunden&rft.au=Derek+Arndt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1175%252F2019BAMSStateoftheClimate.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pogoda-95"><a href="#cite_ref-pogoda_95-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/37788.htm">"Weather and Climate- The Climate of Yerevan"</a> (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181219032142/http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/37788.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weather+and+Climate-+The+Climate+of+Yerevan&rft.pub=Weather+and+Climate+%28%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pogodaiklimat.ru%2Fclimate%2F37788.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMOCLINO-96"><a href="#cite_ref-WMOCLINO_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211009210710/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Armenia/CSV/YerevanAgro_37789.csv">"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020: Yerevan-Agro"</a> (CSV). <a href="/wiki/National_Centers_for_Environmental_Information" title="National Centers for Environmental Information">National Centers for Environmental Information</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Armenia/CSV/YerevanAgro_37789.csv">the original</a> (CSV) on 9 October 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climate+Normals+for+1991%E2%80%932020%3A+Yerevan-Agro&rft.pub=National+Centers+for+Environmental+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F2.2%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-6-WMO-Normals-9120%2FArmenia%2FCSV%2FYerevanAgro_37789.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100812130046/http://www.armenianow.com/?action=viewArticle&CID=1258&IID=1042&AID=1054">"ArmeniaNow.com"</a>. ArmeniaNow.com. 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Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.civilnet.am&rft.atitle=%D4%B9%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%2C+%D5%B8%D6%80+%D5%AF%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%84%D6%80%D6%84%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6+%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80+%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.civilnet.am%2Fnews%2F2017%2F05%2F14%2F%D4%B9%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80-%D5%B8%D6%80-%D5%AF%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%84%D6%80%D6%84%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6-%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80-%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%2F314288&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.am/arm/news/68472.html">"Էրեբունի վարչական շրջանում բացվել է Երեւան-Լիոն բարեկամության խորհրդանիշ Լիոնի ա"</a>. news.am. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180619012647/https://news.am/arm/news/68472.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2018. 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Retrieved 16 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yerevan+municipality+structure&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yerevan.am%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dstructure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.am/legislation.php?sel=show&ID=1305&lang=eng">"Article 82 of 7 May 2002 Law relative to local autonomy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151026141350/http://www.parliament.am/legislation.php?sel=show&ID=1305&lang=eng">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Article+82+of+7+May+2002+Law+relative+to+local+autonomy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.am%2Flegislation.php%3Fsel%3Dshow%26ID%3D1305%26lang%3Deng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.am/legislation.php?sel=show&ID=1305&lang=eng">"Article 77 on 7 May 2002 Law relative to local autonomy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151026141350/http://www.parliament.am/legislation.php?sel=show&ID=1305&lang=eng">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Article+77+on+7+May+2002+Law+relative+to+local+autonomy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.am%2Flegislation.php%3Fsel%3Dshow%26ID%3D1305%26lang%3Deng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081013082548/http://www.president.am/library/constitution/eng/">"Articles 88.1 and 108 of the Armenian Constitution"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.am/library/constitution/eng/">the original</a> on 13 October 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Articles+88.1+and+108+of+the+Armenian+Constitution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.president.am%2Flibrary%2Fconstitution%2Feng%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://assembly.coe.int/ASP/APFeaturesManager/defaultArtSiteVoir.asp?ID=729">"Declaration of a member of the Assembly of the Council of Europe"</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718090016/http://assembly.coe.int/ASP/APFeaturesManager/defaultArtSiteVoir.asp?ID=729">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Declaration+of+a+member+of+the+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fassembly.coe.int%2FASP%2FAPFeaturesManager%2FdefaultArtSiteVoir.asp%3FID%3D729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panorama.am/en/society/2007/10/18/ereven/">"Panorama.am, Executive prefers to have indirect elections for mayor"</a>. 18 October 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718080816/http://www.panorama.am/en/society/2007/10/18/ereven/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Panorama.am%2C+Executive+prefers+to+have+indirect+elections+for+mayor&rft.date=2007-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panorama.am%2Fen%2Fsociety%2F2007%2F10%2F18%2Fereven%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131006154556/http://www.yerevan.am/1-117-%D5%8E%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B9%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%20%D5%B7%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80.html">"Վարչական շրջաններ"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yerevan.am/1-117-Վարչական%20շրջաններ.html">the original</a> on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D5%8E%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B9%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6+%D5%B7%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yerevan.am%2F1-117-%D5%8E%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B9%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%2520%D5%B7%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://armstat.am/file/doc/99485218.pdf">"Armstat:Yerevan population, 2011 census"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151231020351/http://armstat.am/file/doc/99485218.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 31 December 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Armstat%3AYerevan+population%2C+2011+census&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farmstat.am%2Ffile%2Fdoc%2F99485218.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yerevan.am/en/administrative-districts/">"Administrative districts of Yerevan"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180928122311/http://www.yerevan.am/en/administrative-districts/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Administrative+districts+of+Yerevan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yerevan.am%2Fen%2Fadministrative-districts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armstat.am/file/Map/MARZ_01.pdf">"OVERALL CHARACTERISTICS OF YEREVAN DISTRICT COMMUNITIES FOR 2015"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180917164815/http://www.armstat.am/file/Map/MARZ_01.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OVERALL+CHARACTERISTICS+OF+YEREVAN+DISTRICT+COMMUNITIES+FOR+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armstat.am%2Ffile%2FMap%2FMARZ_01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karapetyan_1600-1724-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karapetyan_1600-1724_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karapetyan_1600-1724_116-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karapetyan_1600-1724_116-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karapetyan_1600-1724_116-3">d</a> (in Armenian) M. Karapetyan (1986) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/191080/edition/173552/content">The Dynamics of the Number and Ethnic Structure of the Population of Yerevan in 1600–1724</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180928122212/http://hpj.asj-oa.am/4534/">Archived</a> 28 September 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" <a href="/wiki/Patma-Banasirakan_Handes" title="Patma-Banasirakan Handes">Patma-Banasirakan Handes</a>. pp. 95–109. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0135-0536">0135-0536</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karapetyan_1724-1800-117">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karapetyan_1724-1800_117-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karapetyan_1724-1800_117-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karapetyan_1724-1800_117-2">c</a> (in Armenian) M. Karapetyan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/191253/edition/173714/content">Բնակչության էթնիկ կազմը և էթնիկ պրոցեսները Երևանում 1724–1800 թվականներին (Ethnic composition of the population of Yerevan and ethnographic processes in Yerevan from 1724 to 1800)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180928123133/http://hpj.asj-oa.am/4699/">Archived</a> 28 September 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patma-Banasirakan_Handes" title="Patma-Banasirakan Handes">Patma-Banasirakan Handes</a>, 1987, Yerevan, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Armenian National Academy of Sciences">Armenian National Academy of Sciences</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0135-0536">0135-0536</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> (in Armenian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140504050440/http://yhm.am/2011/09/09/%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6-%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AB-%D5%A2%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6-%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AA%D5%A8%D5%B6%D5%A9%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A8-1824/">Երևան քաղաքի բնակչության շարժընթացը 1824–1914թթ.</a> <a href="/wiki/Yerevan_History_Museum" title="Yerevan History Museum">Yerevan History Museum</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-119">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_119-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_119-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_119-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_119-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_119-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_119-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorkotyan1932" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Korkotyan, Zaven (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220202085400/http://haygirk.nla.am/upload/1512-1940/1901-1940/hayastani_bnakchutyuny_1932.pdf">Խորհրդային Հայաստանի բնակչությունը վերջին հարյուրամյակում (1831-1931)</a> [The population of Soviet Armenia in the last century (1831–1931)] (PDF) (in Armenian). Yerevan: Pethrat. pp. 164–167. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://haygirk.nla.am/upload/1512-1940/1901-1940/hayastani_bnakchutyuny_1932.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D4%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6+%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB+%D5%A2%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8+%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%B6+%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4+%281831-1931%29&rft.place=Yerevan&rft.pages=164-167&rft.pub=Pethrat&rft.date=1932&rft.aulast=Korkotyan&rft.aufirst=Zaven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhaygirk.nla.am%2Fupload%2F1512-1940%2F1901-1940%2Fhayastani_bnakchutyuny_1932.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> (in Russian) Эривань // Географическо-статистический словарь Российской империи. Сост. по поручению Русского географического общества действ. член Общества П. Семёнов, при содействии действ. члена В. Зверинского. Т. V. Спб., 1885, с. 870. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=570">"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"</a>. www.demoscope.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200630190605/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=570">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.demoscope.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF+Weekly+-+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5.+%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.demoscope.ru%2Fweekly%2Fssp%2Femp_lan_97_uezd.php%3Freg%3D570&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104234033/https://www.prlib.ru/item/417320">Кавказский календарь на 1915 год</a> [Caucasian calendar for 1915] (in Russian) (70th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1915. pp. 254–257. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prlib.ru/item/417320">the original</a> on 4 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0+1915+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4&rft.place=Tiflis&rft.pages=254-257&rft.edition=70th&rft.pub=Tipografiya+kantselyarii+Ye.I.V.+na+Kavkaze%2C+kazenny+dom&rft.date=1915&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prlib.ru%2Fitem%2F417320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104233151/https://www.prlib.ru/item/417322">Кавказский календарь на 1917 год</a> [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. pp. 367–370. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prlib.ru/item/417322">the original</a> on 4 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0+1917+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4&rft.place=Tiflis&rft.pages=367-370&rft.edition=72nd&rft.pub=Tipografiya+kantselyarii+Ye.I.V.+na+Kavkaze%2C+kazenny+dom&rft.date=1917&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prlib.ru%2Fitem%2F417322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ethnocacucasus-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ethnocacucasus_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ethnocacucasus_125-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ethnocacucasus_125-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ethnocacucasus_125-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnarmenia.html">"население армении"</a>. www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150707075417/http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnarmenia.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru%2Frnarmenia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/resp_nac_70.php?reg=92">"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"</a>. www.demoscope.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170826122206/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/resp_nac_70.php?reg=92">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.demoscope.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF+Weekly+-+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5.+%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.demoscope.ru%2Fweekly%2Fssp%2Fresp_nac_70.php%3Freg%3D92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_lan_89_ar.php">"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"</a>. www.demoscope.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912114438/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_lan_89_ar.php">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.demoscope.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF+Weekly+-+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5.+%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.demoscope.ru%2Fweekly%2Fssp%2Fsng_nac_lan_89_ar.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118160411/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng89_reg2.php">"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"</a>. www.demoscope.ru. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng89_reg2.php">the original</a> on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.demoscope.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF+Weekly+-+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5.+%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.demoscope.ru%2Fweekly%2Fssp%2Fsng89_reg2.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armstat.am/file/doc/86.pdf">Yerevan city: Ethnic Structure of De Jure Population</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161019195258/http://www.armstat.am/file/doc/86.pdf">Archived</a> 19 October 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://armstat.am/file/doc/99483738.pdf">Demographics of Yerevan 2011</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140528011813/http://armstat.am/file/doc/99483738.pdf">Archived</a> 28 May 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/census.php">"(USSR) Urban population of the union republics, and their territorial units"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%28USSR%29+Urban+population+of+the+union+republics%2C+and+their+territorial+units&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.demoscope.ru%2Fweekly%2Fssp%2Fcensus.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armstat.am/en/?nid=743">"Population Census"</a>. Statistical Committee of the Republic of Armenia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistical+Committee+of+the+Republic+of+Armenia&rft.atitle=Population+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farmstat.am%2Fen%2F%3Fnid%3D743&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> 2001 Census : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.armstat.am/census/pdfs/15.pdf">ArmStat</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070502/http://docs.armstat.am/census/pdfs/15.pdf">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-ArmStat_2003-134"><a href="#cite_ref-ArmStat_2003_134-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.armstat.am/census/pdfs/12.pdf">"ArmStat, 2003 Census"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080910034121/http://docs.armstat.am/census/pdfs/12.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 10 September 2008. Retrieved 21 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ArmStat%2C+2003+Census&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.armstat.am%2Fcensus%2Fpdfs%2F12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Markossian-135"><a href="#cite_ref-Markossian_135-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkossian1989" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Markossian, Razmik (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lraber.asj-oa.am/3544/">"Արարատյան բարբառ (Araratian dialect)"</a> (in Armenian). Yerevan: Luys: 390. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160923151052/http://lraber.asj-oa.am/3544/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6+%D5%A2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%BC+%28Araratian+dialect%29&rft.pages=390&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Markossian&rft.aufirst=Razmik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flraber.asj-oa.am%2F3544%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Baghdassarian-Tapaltsian-136"><a href="#cite_ref-Baghdassarian-Tapaltsian_136-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaghdassarian-Tapaltsian1971" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Baghdassarian-Tapaltsian, S. H. (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/193292/edition/175633/content"><bdi lang="hy">Արարատյան և Բայազետի բարբառների փոխհարաբերությունները</bdi></a> [Relationship between Araratian and Bayazet dialects]. <a href="/wiki/Patma-Banasirakan_Handes" title="Patma-Banasirakan Handes">Patma-Banasirakan Handes</a> (in Armenian) (4). Yerevan: <a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Armenian National Academy of Sciences">Armenian National Academy of Sciences</a>: 217–234. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213843/http://hpj.asj-oa.am/1744/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Patma-Banasirakan+Handes&rft.atitle=%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6+%D6%87+%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%AB+%D5%A2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB+%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%AD%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A8&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=217-234&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Baghdassarian-Tapaltsian&rft.aufirst=S.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farar.sci.am%2Fdlibra%2Fpublication%2F193292%2Fedition%2F175633%2Fcontent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-worldhistory-137"><a href="#cite_ref-worldhistory_137-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamirez-Faria2007" class="citation book cs1">Ramirez-Faria, Carlos (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gGKsS-9h4BYC">Concise Encyclopaedia of World History</a>. Atlantic. pp. 42–44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0775-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0775-5"><bdi>978-81-269-0775-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151030012536/https://books.google.com/books?id=gGKsS-9h4BYC">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+Encyclopaedia+of+World+History&rft.pages=42-44&rft.pub=Atlantic&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-269-0775-5&rft.aulast=Ramirez-Faria&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgGKsS-9h4BYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tavernier-138"><a href="#cite_ref-Tavernier_138-0">^</a> Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste. Les six voyages en Turquie, en Perse et aux Indes, Volume 1, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J3xJAAAAcAAJ&dq=Comme+Erivan+n%27est+habite+que+par+des+Armeniens&pg=PA623">623</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200912090026/https://books.google.com/books?id=J3xJAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA623&dq=Comme+Erivan+n%27est+habite+que+par+des+Armeniens&hl=en&sa=X&ei=T9YjUrPZNaepsQTF9ICQDA&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Comme%20Erivan%20n'est%20habite%20que%20par%20des%20Armeniens&f=false">Archived</a> 12 September 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBournoutian198013-139"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBournoutian198013_139-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBournoutian1980">Bournoutian 1980</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> (in Russian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=570">1897 Census, Erivan City</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502151332/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=570">Archived</a> 2 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Demoscope Weekly </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKettenhofenBournoutianHewsen1998542–551-141"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKettenhofenBournoutianHewsen1998542–551_141-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKettenhofenBournoutianHewsen1998">Kettenhofen, Bournoutian & Hewsen 1998</a>, pp. 542–551. </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHovannisian1971" class="citation web cs1">Hovannisian, Richard G. 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Հյուսիսային պողոտայում անցկացվեց "Երևան Տարազ ֆեստ" առաջին փառատոնը"</a>. armenpress.am. 5 August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128113014/https://armenpress.am/arm/news/814420/tarazy-orpes-mshakuyti-baxadrich-hyusisayin-poxotayum.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=armenpress.am&rft.atitle=%D5%8F%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A8+%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BD+%D5%B4%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%AB+%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B9.+%D5%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6+%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4+%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%81+%22%D4%B5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6+%D5%8F%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6+%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%22+%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%B6+%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A8&rft.date=2015-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farmenpress.am%2Farm%2Fnews%2F814420%2Ftarazy-orpes-mshakuyti-baxadrich-hyusisayin-poxotayum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170729172540/http://arevakar-travel.com/eng/topic.php?id=73">"Yerevan Wine Days festival"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arevakar-travel.com/eng/topic.php?id=73">the original</a> on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yerevan+Wine+Days+festival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farevakar-travel.com%2Feng%2Ftopic.php%3Fid%3D73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yerevan.am/en/news/ansparh-garejowr-mrts-owyt-ner-tonakan-hacheli-mt-nolort-kayats-av-erewani-garejri-3-rd-p-arhatone/">"The 3rd Yerevan Beer Fest was held in a pleasant atmosphere"</a>. www.yerevan.am. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201124064659/https://www.yerevan.am/en/news/ansparh-garejowr-mrts-owyt-ner-tonakan-hacheli-mt-nolort-kayats-av-erewani-garejri-3-rd-p-arhatone/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2020. 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Retrieved 8 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mika+sporting+facility+placed+under+management+of+Armenian+finance+ministry&rft.pub=arka.am&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farka.am%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fsport%2Fmika_sporting_facility_placed_under_management_of_armenian_finance_ministry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irtek.am/views/act.aspx?tid=6449&sc=p13">"ԻՐՏԵԿ - Իրավական տեղեկատվական կենտրոն"</a>. www.irtek.am. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180707040334/http://www.irtek.am/views/act.aspx?tid=6449&sc=p13">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.irtek.am&rft.atitle=%D4%BB%D5%90%D5%8F%D4%B5%D4%BF+-+%D4%BB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6+%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6+%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irtek.am%2Fviews%2Fact.aspx%3Ftid%3D6449%26sc%3Dp13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dasaran.am/apps/admissioncollege/college/id/21">"Yerevan State Sports College of Olympic Reserve"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180928123629/https://www.dasaran.am/apps/admissioncollege/college/id/21">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2018. 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Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Renco.it%3AYerevan+Velodrome&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.renco.it%2Fviewdoc.asp%3Fco_id%3D133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.the-sports.org/edgar-stepanyan-track-cycling-spf351524.html">"Track Cycling - Edgar Stepanyan (Armenia)"</a>. www.the-sports.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111074339/https://www.the-sports.org/edgar-stepanyan-track-cycling-spf351524.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.the-sports.org&rft.atitle=Track+Cycling+-+Edgar+Stepanyan+%28Armenia%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-sports.org%2Fedgar-stepanyan-track-cycling-spf351524.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tert.am/am/news/2015/12/05/school/1865277">"Yerevan has an up-to-date figure skating and ice hockey centre"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501063752/https://www.tert.am/am/news/2015/12/05/school/1865277">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yerevan+has+an+up-to-date+figure+skating+and+ice+hockey+centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tert.am%2Fam%2Fnews%2F2015%2F12%2F05%2Fschool%2F1865277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sport.slaq.am/arm/news/136161/">"Վտանգված է Արմֆայթինգ ֆեդերացիայի գործունեությունը (տեսանյութ+լուսանկարներ)"</a>. sport.slaq.am. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127134305/http://sport.slaq.am/arm/news/136161/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sport.slaq.am&rft.atitle=%D5%8E%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE+%D5%A7+%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%B4%D6%86%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3+%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB+%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8+%28%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%2B%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsport.slaq.am%2Farm%2Fnews%2F136161%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aimf.asso.fr/EREVAN.html">"Les membres: Erevan"</a>. AIMF. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200702095051/https://www.aimf.asso.fr/EREVAN.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+membres%3A+Erevan&rft.pub=AIMF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aimf.asso.fr%2FEREVAN.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yerevan.am/en/partner/sister-cities/">"Sister cities"</a>. Yerevan Municipality. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170329102031/http://www.yerevan.am/en/partner/sister-cities/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2017. Retrieved 29 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sister+cities&rft.pub=Yerevan+Municipality&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yerevan.am%2Fen%2Fpartner%2Fsister-cities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1113685.html">"Yerevan, China's Qingdao twinned"</a>. Armenpress News Agency. Yerevan. 20 June 2023. 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Retrieved 29 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Partner+cities&rft.pub=Yerevan+Municipality&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yerevan.am%2Fen%2Fpartner%2Fpartner-cities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.am/eng/news/845162.html">"Yerevan, Rome sign Friendship and Cooperation Agreement"</a>. news.am. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140819225714/https://news.am/eng/news/845162.html/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yerevan%2C+Rome+sign+Friendship+and+Cooperation+Agreement&rft.pub=news.am&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.am%2Feng%2Fnews%2F845162.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoemaker2007" class="citation book cs1">Shoemaker, M. Wesley (1 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6gJoagP95cIC&q=Ruben+Hakhverdyan,+yerevan">Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States</a>. Stryker Post Publications. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-887985-87-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-887985-87-1"><bdi>978-1-887985-87-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia+and+the+Commonwealth+of+Independent+States&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=Stryker+Post+Publications&rft.date=2007-08-01&rft.isbn=978-1-887985-87-1&rft.aulast=Shoemaker&rft.aufirst=M.+Wesley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6gJoagP95cIC%26q%3DRuben%2BHakhverdyan%2C%2Byerevan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armenpress.am/eng/news/737579.html">"Arthur Abraham is sure to win De Caroli"</a>. armenpress.am. 23 October 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201125134824/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/737579.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=armenpress.am&rft.atitle=Arthur+Abraham+is+sure+to+win+De+Caroli&rft.date=2013-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farmenpress.am%2Feng%2Fnews%2F737579.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110517041153/http://armenmusic.com/news/?page_id=2">"Biography"</a>. Armenchik Official Website. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://armenmusic.com/news/?page_id=2">the original</a> on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography&rft.pub=Armenchik+Official+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farmenmusic.com%2Fnews%2F%3Fpage_id%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chess24.com/en/read/players/levon-aronian">"Levon Aronian player profile"</a>. chess24.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201206011751/https://chess24.com/en/read/players/levon-aronian">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chess24.com&rft.atitle=Levon+Aronian+player+profile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchess24.com%2Fen%2Fread%2Fplayers%2Flevon-aronian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldathletics.org/news/feature/patience-and-perseverance-pay-off-for-chicher1">Patience and perseverance pay off for Chicherova</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200223063707/https://www.worldathletics.org/news/feature/patience-and-perseverance-pay-off-for-chicher1">Archived</a> 23 February 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> She was actually born near Rostov, but registered in Yerevan </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090515190415/http://www.sergeykhachatryan.net/khachatryan_bio.php">"biography"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sergeykhachatryan.com/biography/">the original</a> on 15 May 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsergeykhachatryan.com%2Fbiography%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/participant/sirusho">"Sirusho - Armenia - Belgrade 2008"</a>. Eurovision.tv. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201204080357/https://eurovision.tv/participant/sirusho">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurovision.tv&rft.atitle=Sirusho+-+Armenia+-+Belgrade+2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fparticipant%2Fsirusho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/09/russia-love-man-utds-mkhitaryan/">"To Russia with love for Man Utd's Mkhitaryan"</a>. 26 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201110124003/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/09/russia-love-man-utds-mkhitaryan/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=To+Russia+with+love+for+Man+Utd%27s+Mkhitaryan&rft.date=2017-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanguardngr.com%2F2017%2F09%2Frussia-love-man-utds-mkhitaryan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bravo-243"><a href="#cite_ref-bravo_243-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeytarjyan2010" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Meytarjyan, Liana (9 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130103151703/http://www.bravo.am/news/%D5%AB%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1-%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6"><bdi lang="hy">Իվետա Մուկուչյան</bdi></a> [Iveta Mukuchyan]. <a href="/wiki/Bravo_(magazine)" title="Bravo (magazine)">Bravo</a> (in Armenian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bravo.am/news/%D5%AB%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1-%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6/">the original</a> on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 27 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bravo&rft.atitle=%D4%BB%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1+%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6&rft.date=2010-11-09&rft.aulast=Meytarjyan&rft.aufirst=Liana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bravo.am%2Fnews%2F%25D5%25AB%25D5%25BE%25D5%25A5%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A1-%25D5%25B4%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25AF%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B9%25D5%25B5%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Times_27_May_2023-244"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Times_27_May_2023_244-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrzezinski2023" class="citation news cs1">Brzezinski, Victoria (27 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.com/article/meet-creative-explained-the-tiktok-king-of-plant-hacks-2j07zzgkg">"Meet @creative_explained, TikTok's king of plant hacks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a>. Retrieved 27 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=Meet+%40creative_explained%2C+TikTok%27s+king+of+plant+hacks&rft.date=2023-05-27&rft.aulast=Brzezinski&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.com%2Farticle%2Fmeet-creative-explained-the-tiktok-king-of-plant-hacks-2j07zzgkg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Yerevan#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Yerevan">Bibliography of the history of Yerevan</a></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBournoutian2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Bournoutian" title="George Bournoutian">Bournoutian, George</a> (2018). Armenia and Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900-1914. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenia+and+Imperial+Decline%3A+The+Yerevan+Province%2C+1900-1914&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Bournoutian&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBournoutian1980" class="citation web cs1">Bournoutian, George A. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/publication/op91_persian_armenia_annexation_bournoutian_1980.pdf">"The Population of Persian Armenia Prior to and Immediately Following its Annexation to the Russian Empire: 1826-1832"</a> (PDF). The Wilson Center, Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Population+of+Persian+Armenia+Prior+to+and+Immediately+Following+its+Annexation+to+the+Russian+Empire%3A+1826-1832&rft.pub=The+Wilson+Center%2C+Kennan+Institute+for+Advanced+Russian+Studies&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Bournoutian&rft.aufirst=George+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wilsoncenter.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fmedia%2Fdocuments%2Fpublication%2Fop91_persian_armenia_annexation_bournoutian_1980.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Hakopian, T. Kh. "The History of Yerevan." Old Yerevan (2003): 10–39.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKettenhofenBournoutianHewsen1998" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kettenhofen, Erich; Bournoutian, George A.; <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Hewsen" title="Robert H. Hewsen">Hewsen, Robert H.</a> (1998). "EREVAN". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 5. pp. 542–551.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=EREVAN&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+VIII%2C+Fasc.+5&rft.pages=542-551&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Kettenhofen&rft.aufirst=Erich&rft.au=Bournoutian%2C+George+A.&rft.au=Hewsen%2C+Robert+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Lindsay, Ian, and Adam T. Smith. "A History of Archaeology in the Republic of Armenia." Journal of field archaeology 31.2 (2006): 165–184. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academia.edu/download/31917006/Lindsay-Smith_2006.pdf">online</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍]</li> <li>Vardanyan, Sergey. "The capitals of Armenia", Apolo 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-8079-0778-7" title="Special:BookSources/5-8079-0778-7">5-8079-0778-7</a></li> <li>G. Zakoyan, M. Sivaslian, V. Navasardian. "My Yerevan," Acnalis 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/99930-902-0-4" title="Special:BookSources/99930-902-0-4">99930-902-0-4</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/detaillinksearch.asp?G_NAME=32FA881E67993774E0440003BA962ED3&Diacritics=DC">Yerevan</a> at <a href="/wiki/GEOnet_Names_Server" title="GEOnet Names Server">GEOnet Names Server</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvliya_Çelebi1834" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Evliya_%C3%87elebi" title="Evliya Çelebi">Evliya Çelebi</a> (1834). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/narrativeoftrave02evli#page/150/mode/2up">"Description of the Town of Erivan"</a>. Narrative of Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa, in the Seventeenth Century. Vol. 2. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_von_Hammer-Purgstall" title="Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall">Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Translation_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Translation Fund">Oriental Translation Fund</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Description+of+the+Town+of+Erivan&rft.btitle=Narrative+of+Travels+in+Europe%2C+Asia%2C+and+Africa%2C+in+the+Seventeenth+Century&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oriental+Translation+Fund&rft.date=1834&rft.au=Evliya+%C3%87elebi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fnarrativeoftrave02evli%23page%2F150%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYerevan" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Yerevan" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Yerevan">Yerevan</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yerevan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Yerevan">Yerevan</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" 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aria-labelledby="Yerevan_landmarks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yerevan_landmarks" title="Template:Yerevan landmarks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yerevan_landmarks" title="Template talk:Yerevan landmarks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yerevan_landmarks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yerevan landmarks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yerevan_landmarks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yerevan</a> landmarks</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical sites and notable landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shengavit_(site)" title="Shengavit (site)">Shengavit archaeological site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebuni_Fortress" title="Erebuni Fortress">Erebuni Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teishebaini" title="Teishebaini">Teishebaini archaeological site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Avan" title="Cathedral of Avan">Tsiranavor Church of Avan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katoghike_Church,_Yerevan" title="Katoghike Church, Yerevan">Katoghike Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Bridge,_Yerevan" title="Red Bridge, Yerevan">Red Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoravor_Surp_Astvatsatsin_Church" title="Zoravor Surp Astvatsatsin Church">Zoravor Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John_the_Baptist_Church,_Yerevan" title="Saint John the Baptist Church, Yerevan">Saint John the Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Mosque,_Yerevan" title="Blue Mosque, Yerevan">Blue Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordechai_Navi_Synagogue" title="Mordechai Navi Synagogue">Mordechai Navi Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Sarkis_Cathedral,_Yerevan" title="Saint Sarkis Cathedral, Yerevan">Saint Sarkis Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Intercession_of_the_Holy_Mother_of_God" title="Church of the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God">Holy Mother of God Russian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Gregory_the_Illuminator_Cathedral,_Yerevan" title="Saint Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral, Yerevan">Saint Gregory Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Ararat_Brandy_Factory" title="Yerevan Ararat Brandy Factory">Yerevan Ararat Brandy Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Brandy_Company" title="Yerevan Brandy Company">Yerevan Brandy Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Armenia" title="Mother Armenia">Mother Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsitsernakaberd" title="Tsitsernakaberd">Tsitsernakaberd Genocide Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Cascade" title="Yerevan Cascade">Yerevan Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_TV_Tower" title="Yerevan TV Tower">Yerevan TV Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komitas_Pantheon" title="Komitas Pantheon">Komitas Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerablur" title="Yerablur">Yerablur Military Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elite_Plaza_Business_Center" title="Elite Plaza Business Center">Elite Plaza Center</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="12" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Erevan_-_La_forterese_d%27Erebouni_07.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Erevan_-_La_forterese_d%27Erebouni_07.JPG/140px-Erevan_-_La_forterese_d%27Erebouni_07.JPG" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Erevan_-_La_forterese_d%27Erebouni_07.JPG/210px-Erevan_-_La_forterese_d%27Erebouni_07.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Erevan_-_La_forterese_d%27Erebouni_07.JPG/280px-Erevan_-_La_forterese_d%27Erebouni_07.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nature and <a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_Yerevan" title="List of parks in Yerevan">parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hrazdan_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrazdan River">Hrazdan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Lake" title="Yerevan Lake">Yerevan Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovers%27_Park" title="Lovers' Park">Lovers' Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Park,_Yerevan" title="English Park, Yerevan">English Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Botanical_Garden" title="Yerevan Botanical Garden">Yerevan Botanical Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Zoo" title="Yerevan Zoo">Yerevan Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khachatur_Abovyan_Park" title="Khachatur Abovyan Park">Khachatur Abovyan Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_Park" title="Circular Park">Circular Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Park,_Yerevan" title="Victory Park, Yerevan">Victory Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon_Park,_Yerevan" title="Lyon Park, Yerevan">Lyon Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumanyan_Park" title="Tumanyan Park">Tumanyan Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Park" title="Buenos Aires Park">Buenos Aires Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_2800th_Anniversary_Park" title="Yerevan 2800th Anniversary Park">Yerevan 2800th Anniversary Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entertainment and recreation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Hotel_Yerevan" title="Grand Hotel Yerevan">Grand Hotel Yerevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Children%27s_Railway" title="Yerevan Children's Railway">Children's Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_Marriott_Hotel_Yerevan" title="Armenia Marriott Hotel Yerevan">Armenia Marriott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ani_Plaza_Hotel" title="Ani Plaza Hotel">Ani Plaza Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Water_World" title="Yerevan Water World">Water World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radisson_Blu_Hotel,_Yerevan" title="Radisson Blu Hotel, Yerevan">Radisson Blu Yerevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalma_Garden_Mall" title="Dalma Garden Mall">Dalma Garden Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megamall_Armenia" title="Megamall Armenia">Megamall Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Mall" title="Yerevan Mall">Yerevan Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossia_Mall" title="Rossia Mall">Rossia Mall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture and art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Armenia" title="National Library of Armenia">National Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_of_Armenia" title="National Archives of Armenia">National Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khnko_Aper_Children%27s_Library" title="Khnko Aper Children's Library">Khnko Aper Children's Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avetik_Isahakyan_Central_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Avetik Isahakyan Central Library">Avetik Isahakyan Central Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Opera_Theatre" title="Yerevan Opera Theatre">Yerevan Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundukyan_State_Academic_Theatre" title="Sundukyan State Academic Theatre">Sundukyan Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovhannes_Tumanyan_Puppet_Theatre_of_Yerevan" title="Hovhannes Tumanyan Puppet Theatre of Yerevan">H. Tumanyan Puppet Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislavski_Russian_Theatre_of_Yerevan" title="Stanislavski Russian Theatre of Yerevan">Stanislavski Russian Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paronyan_Musical_Comedy_Theatre" title="Paronyan Musical Comedy Theatre">Paronyan Musical Comedy Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrachya_Ghaplanyan_Drama_Theatre" title="Hrachya Ghaplanyan Drama Theatre">H. Ghaplanyan Drama Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komitas_Chamber_Music_House" title="Komitas Chamber Music House">Komitas Chamber Music House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Cinema" title="Moscow Cinema">Moscow Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nairi_Cinema" title="Nairi Cinema">Nairi Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Circus" title="Yerevan Circus">Yerevan Circus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Armenia" title="National Gallery of Armenia">National Gallery of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Vernissage" title="Yerevan Vernissage">Yerevan Vernissage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Igityan_National_Centre_for_Aesthetics" title="Henrik Igityan National Centre for Aesthetics">National Centre for Aesthetics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Yerevan" title="List of museums in Yerevan">Museums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_Museum_of_Armenia" title="History Museum of Armenia">History Museum of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charents_Museum_of_Literature_and_Arts" title="Charents Museum of Literature and Arts">Charents Museum of Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_History_Museum" title="Yerevan History Museum">Yerevan History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matenadaran" title="Matenadaran">Matenadaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebuni_Museum" title="Erebuni Museum">Erebuni Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Art_Museum_of_Yerevan" title="Modern Art Museum of Yerevan">Modern Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House-Museum_of_Aram_Khachaturian" title="House-Museum of Aram Khachaturian">House-Museum of A. Khachaturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silva_Kaputikyan_House-Museum" title="Silva Kaputikyan House-Museum">Silva Kaputikyan House-Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeghishe_Charents_House-Museum" title="Yeghishe Charents House-Museum">Yeghishe Charents House-Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Parajanov_Museum" title="Sergei Parajanov Museum">Sergei Parajanov Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ara_Sargsyan_and_Hakob_Kojoyan_Museum" title="Ara Sargsyan and Hakob Kojoyan Museum">Ara Sargsyan and Hakob Kojoyan Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_East_Art_Museum" title="Near East Art Museum">Near East Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cafesjian_Museum_of_Art" title="Cafesjian Museum of Art">Cafesjian Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARF_History_Museum" title="ARF History Museum">ARF History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aznavour_Centre" title="Aznavour Centre">Aznavour Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komitas_Museum" title="Komitas Museum">Komitas Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Railways_Museum" title="Armenian Railways Museum">Armenian Railways Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Yerevan" title="List of universities in Yerevan">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_State_University" title="Yerevan State University">Yerevan State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Architecture_and_Construction_of_Armenia" title="National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia">National University of Architecture and Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_State_Medical_University" title="Yerevan State Medical University">State Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_State_Pedagogical_University" title="Armenian State Pedagogical University">State Pedagogical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komitas_State_Conservatory_of_Yerevan" title="Komitas State Conservatory of Yerevan">Komitas State Conservatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Agrarian_University" title="Armenian National Agrarian University">National Agrarian University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Polytechnic_University_of_Armenia" title="National Polytechnic University of Armenia">National Polytechnic University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Brusov_State_University_of_Languages_and_Social_Sciences" title="Yerevan Brusov State University of Languages and Social Sciences">Brusov State University of Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_State_Institute_of_Theatre_and_Cinematography" title="Yerevan State Institute of Theatre and Cinematography">State Institute of Theatre and Cinematography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_State_Institute_of_Physical_Culture_and_Sport" title="Armenian State Institute of Physical Culture and Sport">Institute of Physical Culture and Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_of_Armenia" title="State Academy of Fine Arts of Armenia">State Academy of Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_State_University_of_Economics" title="Armenian State University of Economics">State University of Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_Management_State_Academy" title="Crisis Management State Academy">Crisis Management State Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haybusak_University_of_Yerevan" title="Haybusak University of Yerevan">Haybusak University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_University_of_Armenia" title="American University of Armenia">American University of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_University_in_Armenia" title="French University in Armenia">French University in Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian-Armenian_University" title="Russian-Armenian University">Russian-Armenian University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vazgen_Sargsyan_Military_University" title="Vazgen Sargsyan Military University">Vazgen Sargsyan Military University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PhysMath_School,_Yerevan" title="PhysMath School, Yerevan">PhysMath School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhitar_Sebastatsi_Educational_Complex" title="Mkhitar Sebastatsi Educational Complex">Mkhitar Sebastatsi School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Fran%C3%A7ais_Anatole_France" title="Lycée Français Anatole France">Anatole France French School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QSI_International_School_of_Yerevan" title="QSI International School of Yerevan">QSI School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoren_and_Shooshanig_Avedisian_School" title="Khoren and Shooshanig Avedisian School">Avedisian School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayb_School" title="Ayb School">Ayb School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese-Armenian_Friendship_School" title="Chinese-Armenian Friendship School">Chinese-Armenian Friendship School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_University_of_Armenia" title="European University of Armenia">European University of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia_International_University" title="Eurasia International University">Eurasia International University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science and technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Physics_Institute" title="Yerevan Physics Institute">Yerevan Physics Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Armenian National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Mathematics_of_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_Armenia" title="Institute of Mathematics of National Academy of Sciences of Armenia">Institute of Mathematics of National Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Computer_Research_and_Development_Institute" title="Yerevan Computer Research and Development Institute">Yerevan Computer Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CANDLE_Synchrotron_Research_Institute" title="CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute">CANDLE Synchrotron Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumo_Center_for_Creative_Technologies" title="Tumo Center for Creative Technologies">Tumo Center for Technologies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sports_venues_in_Yerevan" title="List of sports venues in Yerevan">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vazgen_Sargsyan_Republican_Stadium" title="Vazgen Sargsyan Republican Stadium">Vazgen Sargsyan Rep. Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrazdan_Stadium" title="Hrazdan Stadium">Hrazdan Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Football_Academy" title="Yerevan Football Academy">Yerevan Football Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigran_Petrosian_Chess_House" title="Tigran Petrosian Chess House">Tigran Petrosian Chess House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovik_Hayrapetyan_Equestrian_Centre" title="Hovik Hayrapetyan Equestrian Centre">H. Hayrapetyan Equestrian Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Demirchyan_Complex" title="Karen Demirchyan Complex">Karen Demirchyan Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Velodrome" title="Yerevan Velodrome">Yerevan Velodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Figure_Skating_and_Hockey_Sports_School" title="Yerevan Figure Skating and Hockey Sports School">Yerevan Figure Skating and Hockey Sports School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_railway_station" title="Yerevan railway station">Yerevan railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Yerevan" title="Trolleybuses in Yerevan">Trolleybuses in Yerevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebuni_Airport" title="Erebuni Airport">Erebuni Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvartnots_International_Airport" title="Zvartnots International Airport">Zvartnots International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_Metro" title="Yerevan Metro">Yerevan Underground</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_squares_in_Yerevan" title="List of squares in Yerevan">Squares</a>, streets and bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Square,_Yerevan" title="Republic Square, Yerevan">Republic Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Square,_Yerevan" title="Freedom Square, Yerevan">Freedom Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garegin_Nzhdeh_Square" title="Garegin Nzhdeh Square">Garegin Nzhdeh Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Aznavour_Square,_Yerevan" title="Charles Aznavour Square, Yerevan">Charles Aznavour Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aram_Street" title="Aram Street">Aram Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abovyan_Street" title="Abovyan Street">Abovyan Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashtots_Avenue" title="Mashtots Avenue">Mashtots Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayat-Nova_Avenue" title="Sayat-Nova Avenue">Sayat-Nova Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghramyan_Avenue" title="Baghramyan Avenue">Baghramyan Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamanyan_Street" title="Tamanyan Street">Tamanyan Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komitas_Avenue" title="Komitas Avenue">Komitas Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Avenue,_Yerevan" title="Liberty Avenue, Yerevan">Liberty Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Avenue,_Yerevan" title="Northern Avenue, Yerevan">Northern Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Bridge,_Yerevan" title="Victory Bridge, Yerevan">Victory Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrazdan_Gorge_Aqueduct" title="Hrazdan Gorge Aqueduct">Hrazdan Gorge Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Bridge_of_Hrazdan" title="Great Bridge of Hrazdan">Great Bridge of Hrazdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davtashen_Bridge" title="Davtashen Bridge">Davtashen Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Residence,_Yerevan" title="President's Residence, Yerevan">President's Residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Yerevan" title="Government House, Yerevan">Government House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_Building_of_Armenia" title="National Assembly Building of Armenia">National Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Service_(Armenia)" title="National Security Service (Armenia)">National Security Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan_City_Council" title="Yerevan City Council">Yerevan City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Armenia" title="Constitutional Court of Armenia">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Armenia" title="Police of Armenia">Police of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosecutor_General_of_Armenia" title="Prosecutor General of Armenia">Prosecutor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Armenia" title="Central Bank of Armenia">Central Bank of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Cassation_of_Armenia" title="Court of Cassation of Armenia">Court of Cassation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neighbourhoods_of_Yerevan" title="Template:Neighbourhoods of Yerevan">Precincts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajapnyak_District" title="Ajapnyak District">Ajapnyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabkir_District" title="Arabkir District">Arabkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avan_District" title="Avan District">Avan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davtashen_District" title="Davtashen District">Davtashen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebuni_District" title="Erebuni District">Erebuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaker-Zeytun_District" title="Kanaker-Zeytun District">Kanaker-Zeytun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentron_District" title="Kentron District">Kentron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malatia-Sebastia_District" title="Malatia-Sebastia District">Malatia-Sebastia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nork-Marash_District" title="Nork-Marash District">Nork-Marash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nor_Nork_District" title="Nor Nork District">Nor Nork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubarashen_District" title="Nubarashen District">Nubarashen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shengavit_District" title="Shengavit District">Shengavit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Yerevan" title="Category:Yerevan">Category:Yerevan</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Yerevan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:City_of_Yerevan" title="Template:City of Yerevan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:City_of_Yerevan" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Yerevan%27s_districts.svg/60px-Yerevan%27s_districts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajapnyak_District" title="Ajapnyak District">Ajapnyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabkir_District" title="Arabkir District">Arabkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avan_District" title="Avan District">Avan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davtashen_District" title="Davtashen District">Davtashen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebuni_District" title="Erebuni District">Erebuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaker-Zeytun_District" title="Kanaker-Zeytun District">Kanaker-Zeytun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentron_District" title="Kentron District">Kentron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malatia-Sebastia_District" title="Malatia-Sebastia District">Malatia-Sebastia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nork-Marash_District" title="Nork-Marash District">Nork-Marash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nor_Nork_District" title="Nor Nork District">Nor Nork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubarashen_District" title="Nubarashen District">Nubarashen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shengavit_District" title="Shengavit District">Shengavit</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Yerevan_coa.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Yerevan"><img alt="Coat of arms of Yerevan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Yerevan_coa.gif/30px-Yerevan_coa.gif" decoding="async" width="30" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Yerevan_coa.gif/45px-Yerevan_coa.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Yerevan_coa.gif/60px-Yerevan_coa.gif 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="217" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historical_capitals_of_Armenia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historic_capitals_of_Armenia" title="Template:Historic capitals of Armenia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historic_capitals_of_Armenia" title="Template talk:Historic capitals of Armenia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historic_capitals_of_Armenia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historic capitals of Armenia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_capitals_of_Armenia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_Armenia" title="Historical capitals of Armenia">Historical capitals of Armenia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tushpa" title="Tushpa">Tushpa</a> (832–590 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armavir_(ancient_city)" title="Armavir (ancient city)">Armavir </a> (331–210 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yervandashat_(ancient_city)" title="Yervandashat (ancient city)">Yervandashat </a> (210–176 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaxata" title="Artaxata">Artashat</a> (176–177 BC and 69 BC–120 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigranocerta" title="Tigranocerta">Tigranakert</a> (77–69 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagharshapat" title="Vagharshapat">Vagharshapat</a> (120–330)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvin_(ancient_city)" title="Dvin (ancient city)">Dvin</a> (336–428)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagaran_(ancient_city)" title="Bagaran (ancient city)">Bagaran</a> (885–890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirakavan_(ancient_city)" title="Shirakavan (ancient city)">Shirakavan</a> (890–929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kars" title="Kars">Kars</a> (929–961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ani" title="Ani">Ani</a> (961–1045)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sis_(ancient_city)" title="Sis (ancient city)">Sis</a> (1080–1375)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yerevan</a> (since 1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_and_towns_in_Armenia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_and_towns_in_Armenia" title="Template:Cities and towns in Armenia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_and_towns_in_Armenia" title="Template talk:Cities and towns in Armenia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_and_towns_in_Armenia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities and towns in Armenia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_and_towns_in_Armenia" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Armenia" title="List of cities and towns in Armenia">Cities and towns</a> in <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aragatsotn_Province" title="Aragatsotn Province">Aragatsotn</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashtarak" title="Ashtarak">Ashtarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aparan" title="Aparan">Aparan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talin,_Armenia" title="Talin, Armenia">Talin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Armenia" title="Flag of Armenia"><img alt="Flag of Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/100px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/150px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/200px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Armenia" title="Coat of arms of Armenia"><img alt="Coat of arms of Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coat_of_arms_of_Armenia.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coat_of_arms_of_Armenia.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coat_of_arms_of_Armenia.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="396" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ararat_Province" title="Ararat Province">Ararat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artashat,_Armenia" title="Artashat, Armenia">Artashat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ararat,_Armenia" title="Ararat, Armenia">Ararat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masis,_Armenia" title="Masis, Armenia">Masis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedi" title="Vedi">Vedi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Armavir_Province" title="Armavir Province">Armavir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armavir,_Armenia" title="Armavir, Armenia">Armavir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metsamor" title="Metsamor">Metsamor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagharshapat" title="Vagharshapat">Vagharshapat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gegharkunik_Province" title="Gegharkunik Province">Gegharkunik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gavar" title="Gavar">Gavar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambarak" title="Chambarak">Chambarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martuni,_Armenia" title="Martuni, Armenia">Martuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevan,_Armenia" title="Sevan, Armenia">Sevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardenis" title="Vardenis">Vardenis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kotayk_Province" title="Kotayk Province">Kotayk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hrazdan" title="Hrazdan">Hrazdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abovyan" title="Abovyan">Abovyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byureghavan" title="Byureghavan">Byureghavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charentsavan" title="Charentsavan">Charentsavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nor_Hachn" title="Nor Hachn">Nor Hachn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsaghkadzor" title="Tsaghkadzor">Tsaghkadzor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeghvard" title="Yeghvard">Yeghvard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lori_Province" title="Lori Province">Lori</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanadzor" title="Vanadzor">Vanadzor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhtala" title="Akhtala">Akhtala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaverdi,_Armenia" title="Alaverdi, Armenia">Alaverdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitak" title="Spitak">Spitak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepanavan" title="Stepanavan">Stepanavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tashir" title="Tashir">Tashir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumanyan,_Armenia" title="Tumanyan, Armenia">Tumanyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shirak_Province" title="Shirak Province">Shirak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gyumri" title="Gyumri">Gyumri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artik" title="Artik">Artik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maralik" title="Maralik">Maralik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Syunik_Province" title="Syunik Province">Syunik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapan" title="Kapan">Kapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goris" title="Goris">Goris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kajaran" title="Kajaran">Kajaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghri" title="Meghri">Meghri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisian" title="Sisian">Sisian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tavush_Province" title="Tavush Province">Tavush</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ijevan" title="Ijevan">Ijevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayrum" title="Ayrum">Ayrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berd,_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Berd, Armenia">Berd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilijan" title="Dilijan">Dilijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noyemberyan" title="Noyemberyan">Noyemberyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vayots_Dzor_Province" title="Vayots Dzor Province">Vayots Dzor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeghegnadzor" title="Yeghegnadzor">Yeghegnadzor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jermuk" title="Jermuk">Jermuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayk" title="Vayk">Vayk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capital city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yerevan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provinces_of_Armenia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Armenia" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Armenia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_Armenia" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of Armenia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Armenia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of Armenia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provinces_of_Armenia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Armenia">Provinces of Armenia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provinces (մարզեր)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aragatsotn_Province" title="Aragatsotn Province">Aragatsotn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ararat_Province" title="Ararat Province">Ararat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armavir_Province" title="Armavir Province">Armavir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gegharkunik_Province" title="Gegharkunik Province">Gegharkunik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotayk_Province" title="Kotayk Province">Kotayk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lori_Province" title="Lori Province">Lori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirak_Province" title="Shirak Province">Shirak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syunik_Province" title="Syunik Province">Syunik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavush_Province" title="Tavush Province">Tavush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayots_Dzor_Province" title="Vayots Dzor Province">Vayots Dzor</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/56px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="56" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/84px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/112px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">City with special status</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yerevan</a> (capital)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Book_Capitals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Book_Capital" title="Template:World Book Capital"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Book_Capital" title="Template talk:World Book Capital"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Book_Capital" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Book Capital"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Book_Capitals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Book_Capital" title="World Book Capital">World Book Capitals</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><img alt="Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><img alt="Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a> </li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> </li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yerevan</a> </li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Port_Harcourt" title="Port Harcourt">Port Harcourt</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Incheon" title="Incheon">Incheon</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea"><img alt="Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Conakry" title="Conakry">Conakry</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sharjah" title="Sharjah">Sharjah</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana"><img alt="Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_UNESCO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/80px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/120px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/160px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in italics.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, Netherlands1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a>, Andorra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, Turkey2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a>, Kazakhstan2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, Greece</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, Azerbaijan2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, Serbia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>, Switzerland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>, Slovakia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, Romania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Hungary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a>, Moldova</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, Denmark</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, Finland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, Ukraine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Portugal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>, Slovenia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a>, Luxembourg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, Belarus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>, Cyprus2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, Norway</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a>, Montenegro</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, Czech Republic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>, Iceland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>, Latvia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a>, San Marino</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>, North Macedonia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, Bulgaria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, Sweden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, Estonia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, Georgia2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a>, Albania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>, Malta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Austria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, Lithuania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yerevan</a>, Armenia2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a>, Northern Cyprus2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a>, Kosovo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a>, Abkhazia2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a>, Transnistria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a>, South Ossetia3</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, Scotland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a>, Wales</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a>, Isle of Man</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>, Gibraltar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a>, Jersey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a>, Svalbard (Norway)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a>, Burgenland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a>, Styria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a>, Tyrol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a>, Carinthia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a>, Upper Austria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a>, Salzburg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a>, Lower Austria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a>, Brčko District</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Berlin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a>, Bremen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>, Saxony</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a>, Thuringia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, Hamburg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, Bavaria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>, Brandenburg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a>, Saarland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a>, Chuvashia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a>, Kalmykia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a>, Chechnya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a>, Udmurtia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a>, Tatarstan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magas" title="Magas">Magas</a>, Ingushetia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a>, Dagestan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a>, Adygea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a>, Karelia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a>, Mordovia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a>, Komi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a>, Perm Krai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a>, Aargau</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a>, Uri</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a>, Ticino</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a>, Grisons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a>, Jura</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a>, Thurgau</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a>, Vaud</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a>, Obwalden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a>, Valais</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a>, Nidwalden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a>, Sardinia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, Sicily</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a>, Azores</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, Catalonia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a> & <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a>, Canary Islands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a>, La Rioja</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a>, Extremadura</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a>, Asturias</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a>, Navarre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a>, Cantabria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>, Galicia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>, Andalusia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>, Valencian Community</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1 Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li>2 Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li>3 Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li>4 A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1953#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1953#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1953#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/125481980">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1207104/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrgP6XyqWWTX93hCqt9Xd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4098059-5">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79142628">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119581692">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119581692">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge431700&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX457248">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/pm132r771z6c4dp">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007555075105171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/f01d159f-19d9-4f98-913b-d54f05642d1f">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027569578">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045646">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yerevan&oldid=1258958125">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yerevan&oldid=1258958125</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yerevan" title="Category:Yerevan">Yerevan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_sites_in_Armenia" title="Category:Archaeological sites in Armenia">Archaeological sites in Armenia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Provinces_of_Armenia" title="Category:Provinces of Armenia">Provinces of Armenia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:780s_BC" title="Category:780s BC">780s BC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Erivan_Governorate" title="Category:Erivan Governorate">Erivan Governorate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_the_8th_century_BC" title="Category:Populated places established in the 8th century BC">Populated places established in the 8th century BC</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Armenian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Armenian-language text">Articles containing Armenian-language 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