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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Relationship to the government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_to_the_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Banks</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Banks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Banks subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Banks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commercial_banking_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_banking_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Commercial banking services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_banking_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investment_banking_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investment_banking_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Investment banking services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Investment_banking_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_exchange_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_exchange_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Foreign exchange services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_exchange_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investment_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investment_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Investment services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Investment_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Insurance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insurance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Insurance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Insurance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_financial_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_financial_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Other financial services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_financial_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_exports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_exports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Financial exports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_exports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Financial services</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finansi%C3%ABle_dienste" title="Finansiële dienste – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Finansiële dienste" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="خدمات مالية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خدمات مالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliyy%C9%99_xidm%C9%99tl%C9%99ri" title="Maliyyə xidmətləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maliyyə xidmətləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE" title="আর্থিক পরিষেবা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আর্থিক পরিষেবা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Финансови услуги – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Финансови услуги" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servei_financer" title="Servei financer – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Servei financer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finan%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_slu%C5%BEby" title="Finanční služby – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Finanční služby" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finansiel_service" title="Finansiel service – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Finansiel service" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finanzdienstleistung" title="Finanzdienstleistung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Finanzdienstleistung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finantsteenused" title="Finantsteenused – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Finantsteenused" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CF%85%CF%80%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Χρηματοοικονομικές υπηρεσίες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χρηματοοικονομικές υπηρεσίες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servicios_financieros" title="Servicios financieros – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Servicios financieros" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finantza-zerbitzu" title="Finantza-zerbitzu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Finantza-zerbitzu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="خدمات مالی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خدمات مالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secteur_financier" title="Secteur financier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Secteur financier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%88%EC%9C%B5%EC%84%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4" title="금융서비스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="금융서비스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ֆինանսական ծառայություններ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆինանսական ծառայություններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="वित्तीय सेवाएँ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वित्तीय सेवाएँ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasa_keuangan" title="Jasa keuangan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jasa keuangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servizi_finanziari" title="Servizi finanziari – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Servizi finanziari" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಹಣಕಾಸು ಸೇವೆಗಳು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹಣಕಾಸು ಸೇವೆಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finansin%C4%97s_paslaugos" title="Finansinės paslaugos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Finansinės paslaugos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9nz%C3%BCgyi_szolg%C3%A1ltat%C3%A1s" title="Pénzügyi szolgáltatás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pénzügyi szolgáltatás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Финансиски услуги – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Финансиски услуги" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="आर्थिक सेवा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आर्थिक सेवा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkhidmatan_kewangan" title="Perkhidmatan kewangan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perkhidmatan kewangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%8D" title="Санхүүгийн үйлчилгээ – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Санхүүгийн үйлчилгээ" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financi%C3%ABle_dienstverlening" title="Financiële dienstverlening – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Financiële dienstverlening" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9" title="金融サービス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="金融サービス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finansielle_tjenester" title="Finansielle tjenester – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Finansielle tjenester" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਵਿੱਤੀ ਸੇਵਾਵਾਂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿੱਤੀ ਸੇਵਾਵਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Us%C5%82uga_finansowa" title="Usługa finansowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Usługa finansowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servi%C3%A7os_financeiros" title="Serviços financeiros – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Serviços financeiros" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Финансовые услуги – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Финансовые услуги" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C3%ABrbimet_financiare" title="Shërbimet financiare – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shërbimet financiare" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Financial services" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finanssipalvelut" title="Finanssipalvelut – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Finanssipalvelut" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finansiella_tj%C3%A4nster" title="Finansiella tjänster – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Finansiella tjänster" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="நிதிச் சேவைகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நிதிச் சேவைகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finansal_hizmetler" title="Finansal hizmetler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Finansal hizmetler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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style="display:none">Economic service provided by the finance industry</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Hong Kong constituency, see <a href="/wiki/Financial_Services_(constituency)" title="Financial Services (constituency)">Financial Services (constituency)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a <a href="/wiki/Category:Finance" title="Category:Finance">series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#efefef;padding:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">Finance</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippine-stock-market-board.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Philippine-stock-market-board.jpg/250px-Philippine-stock-market-board.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Philippine-stock-market-board.jpg/375px-Philippine-stock-market-board.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Philippine-stock-market-board.jpg/500px-Philippine-stock-market-board.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Financial_market" title="Financial market">Markets</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Financial_asset" title="Financial asset">Assets</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asset_(economics)" title="Asset (economics)">Asset (economics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_market" title="Bond market">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_appreciation" title="Capital appreciation">Asset growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_asset" title="Capital asset">Capital asset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_market" title="Commodity market">Commodity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derivatives_market" title="Derivatives market">Derivatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_name_speculation" title="Domain name speculation">Domains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_market" title="Foreign exchange market">Foreign exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_market" title="Money market">Money</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Over-the-counter_(finance)" title="Over-the-counter (finance)">Over-the-counter</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">Private equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">Real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spot_market" title="Spot market">Spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_market" title="Stock market">Stock</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Financial_market_participants" title="Financial market participants">Participants</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_investor" title="Angel investor">Angel investor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_(stock_market_speculator)" title="Bull (stock market speculator)">Bull (stock market speculator)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_planner" title="Financial planner">Financial planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investor" title="Investor">Investor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_investor" title="Institutional investor">institutional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculation" title="Speculation">Speculator</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Financial_centre" title="Financial centre">Locations</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_centre" title="Financial centre">Financial centres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offshore_financial_centre" title="Offshore financial centre">Offshore financial centres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conduit_and_sink_OFCs" title="Conduit and sink OFCs">Conduit and sink OFCs</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Financial_instrument" title="Financial instrument">Instruments</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:2.0em;padding-right:2.0em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cash" title="Cash">Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collateralised_debt_obligation" class="mw-redirect" title="Collateralised debt obligation">Collateralised debt obligation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_default_swap" title="Credit default swap">Credit default swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_deposit" title="Time deposit">Time deposit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Certificate_of_deposit" title="Certificate of deposit">certificate of deposit</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_credit" title="Line of credit">Credit line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deposit_account" title="Deposit account">Deposit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derivative_(finance)" title="Derivative (finance)">Derivative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futures_contract" title="Futures contract">Futures contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indemnity" title="Indemnity">Indemnity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_of_credit" title="Letter of credit">Letter of credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loan" title="Loan">Loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage" title="Mortgage">Mortgage</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Option_(finance)" title="Option (finance)">Option</a> (<a href="/wiki/Call_option" title="Call option">call</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_option" title="Exotic option">exotic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Put_option" title="Put option">put</a>)</li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Performance_bonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Performance bonds">Performance bonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repurchase_agreement" title="Repurchase agreement">Repurchase agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">Stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_(finance)" title="Security (finance)">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicated_loan" title="Syndicated loan">Syndicated loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_CDO" title="Synthetic CDO">Synthetic CDO</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Corporate_finance" title="Corporate finance">Corporate</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> General</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accounting" title="Accounting">Accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audit" title="Audit">Audit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_budgeting" title="Capital budgeting">Capital budgeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_structure" title="Capital structure">Capital structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_finance" title="Corporate finance">Corporate finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_rating_agency" title="Credit rating agency">Credit rating agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_risk_management" title="Enterprise risk management">Enterprise risk management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_value" title="Enterprise value">Enterprise value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_risk_management" title="Financial risk management">Risk management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_statement" title="Financial statement">Financial statements</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> Transactions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leveraged_buyout" title="Leveraged buyout">Leveraged buyout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">Mergers and acquisitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structured_finance" title="Structured finance">Structured finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">Venture capital</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Corporate_tax" title="Corporate tax">Taxation</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Base_erosion_and_profit_shifting" title="Base erosion and profit shifting">Base erosion and profit shifting</a> (BEPS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_tax_haven" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate tax haven">Corporate tax haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_inversion" title="Tax inversion">Tax inversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_haven" title="Tax haven">Tax haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_pricing" title="Transfer pricing">Transfer pricing</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Personal_finance" title="Personal finance">Personal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Credit_(finance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Credit (finance)">Credit</a> / <a href="/wiki/Consumer_debt" title="Consumer debt">Debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_contract" title="Employment contract">Employment contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_planner" title="Financial planner">Financial planning</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retirement" title="Retirement">Retirement</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Student_loan" title="Student loan">Student loan</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Public_finance" title="Public finance">Public</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;;display:block;margin-top:0.15em;"> <a href="/wiki/Government_spending" title="Government spending">Government spending</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_final_consumption_expenditure" title="Government final consumption expenditure">Final consumption expenditure</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_operations" class="mw-redirect" title="Government operations">Operations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Redistribution_of_income_and_wealth" title="Redistribution of income and wealth">Redistribution</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_payment" title="Transfer payment">Transfer payment</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Government_revenue" title="Government revenue">Government revenue</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">Taxation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Deficit_spending" title="Deficit spending">Deficit spending</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_budget" title="Government budget">Budget</a> (<a href="/wiki/Government_budget_balance" title="Government budget balance">balance</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Government_debt" title="Government debt">Debt</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-tax_revenue" title="Non-tax revenue">Non-tax revenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_of_payment" title="Warrant of payment">Warrant of payment</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">Banking</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deposit_account" title="Deposit account">Deposit account</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fractional-reserve_banking" title="Fractional-reserve banking">Fractional-reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-reserve_banking" title="Full-reserve banking">Full-reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_banking" title="Investment banking">Investment banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loan" title="Loan">Loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_supply" title="Money supply">Money supply</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_banks" title="Lists of banks">Lists of banks</a></li></ul> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;;display:block;margin-top:0.15em;"> <a href="/wiki/Bank_regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank regulation">Bank regulation</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_license" title="Banking license">Banking license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel_Accords" title="Basel Accords">Basel Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_for_International_Settlements" title="Bank for International Settlements">Bank for International Settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Stability_Board" title="Financial Stability Board">Financial Stability Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deposit_insurance" title="Deposit insurance">Deposit insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_investment_and_retail_banking" title="Separation of investment and retail banking">Separation of investment and retail banking</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Financial_regulation" title="Financial regulation">Regulation</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Financial_law" title="Financial law">Financial law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Financial_Reporting_Standards" title="International Financial Reporting Standards">International Financial Reporting Standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31000" title="ISO 31000">ISO 31000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_certification_in_financial_services" title="Professional certification in financial services">Professional certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fund_governance" title="Fund governance">Fund governance</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Economic_history" title="Economic history">Economic history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="History of private equity and venture capital">Private equity and venture capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recession" title="Recession">Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_market_bubble" title="Stock market bubble">Stock market bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_market_crash" title="Stock market crash">Stock market crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accounting_scandals" title="Accounting scandals">Accounting scandals</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_finance" title="Outline of finance">Outline</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/16px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/24px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/32px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Business_and_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Business and Economics">Business and Economics portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/16px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/24px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/32px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="465" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Money" title="Portal:Money">Money portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Finance_sidebar" title="Template:Finance sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Finance_sidebar" title="Template talk:Finance sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Finance_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Finance sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Financial services</b> are <a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">economic services</a> tied to <a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">finance</a> provided by <a href="/wiki/Financial_institution" title="Financial institution">financial institutions</a>. Financial services encompass a broad range of <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">service sector</a> activities, especially as concerns <a href="/wiki/Financial_management" title="Financial management">financial management</a> and <a href="/wiki/Consumer_finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer finance">consumer finance</a>. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Industry"></span>The <b>finance industry</b> in its most common sense concerns <a href="/wiki/Commercial_bank" title="Commercial bank">commercial banks</a> that provide <a href="/wiki/Market_liquidity" title="Market liquidity">market liquidity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derivative_(finance)" title="Derivative (finance)">risk instruments</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Broker" title="Broker">brokerage</a> for large <a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">public companies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporations" class="mw-redirect" title="Multinational corporations">multinational corporations</a> at a <a href="/wiki/Macroeconomics" title="Macroeconomics">macroeconomic scale</a> that impacts <a href="/wiki/Domestic_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic politics">domestic politics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign relations">foreign relations</a>. The extragovernmental power and scale of the finance industry remains an ongoing controversy in many industrialized Western economies, as seen in the American <a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a> civil protest movement of 2011. </p><p>Styles of financial institution include <a href="/wiki/Credit_union" title="Credit union">credit union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savings_and_loan_association" title="Savings and loan association">savings and loan association</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trust_company" title="Trust company">trust company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Building_society" title="Building society">building society</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brokerage_firm" class="mw-redirect" title="Brokerage firm">brokerage firm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Payment_processor" title="Payment processor">payment processor</a>, many types of <a href="/wiki/Broker" title="Broker">broker</a>, and some <a href="/wiki/Government-sponsored_enterprise" title="Government-sponsored enterprise">government-sponsored enterprise</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Financial services include <a href="/wiki/Accountancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Accountancy">accountancy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Investment_banking" title="Investment banking">investment banking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Investment_management" title="Investment management">investment management</a>, and personal <a href="/wiki/Asset_management" title="Asset management">asset management</a>. </p><p>Financial products include <a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">insurance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">credit cards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mortgage_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortgage loan">mortgage loans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pension_fund" title="Pension fund">pension funds</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Financial_Services_Authority_Seychelles_logo_on_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Financial_Services_Authority_Seychelles_logo_on_building.jpg/220px-Financial_Services_Authority_Seychelles_logo_on_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Financial_Services_Authority_Seychelles_logo_on_building.jpg/330px-Financial_Services_Authority_Seychelles_logo_on_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Financial_Services_Authority_Seychelles_logo_on_building.jpg/440px-Financial_Services_Authority_Seychelles_logo_on_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="311" /></a><figcaption>Financial Services Authority Seychelles logo on building</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_services&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Global_financial_system#History_of_international_financial_architecture" title="Global financial system">Global financial system § History of international financial architecture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Access_to_a_financial_account_or_services,_OWID.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Access_to_a_financial_account_or_services%2C_OWID.svg/290px-Access_to_a_financial_account_or_services%2C_OWID.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Access_to_a_financial_account_or_services%2C_OWID.svg/435px-Access_to_a_financial_account_or_services%2C_OWID.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Access_to_a_financial_account_or_services%2C_OWID.svg/580px-Access_to_a_financial_account_or_services%2C_OWID.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Change in access to a financial account or services between 2005 and 2014 by country<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The term "financial services" became more prevalent in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> partly as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Gramm-Leach-Bliley_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act">Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act</a> of the late 1990s, which enabled different types of companies operating in the U.S. financial services industry at that time to merge.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Companies usually have two distinct approaches to this new type of business. One approach would be a bank that simply buys an insurance company or an <a href="/wiki/Investment_bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Investment bank">investment bank</a>, keeps the original <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">brands</a> of the acquired firm, and adds the <a href="/wiki/Takeover" title="Takeover">acquisition</a> to its <a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">holding company</a> simply to diversify its <a href="/wiki/Earnings" title="Earnings">earnings</a>. Outside the U.S. (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>), non-financial services companies are permitted within the holding company. In this scenario, each company still looks independent and has its own customers, etc. In the other style, a bank would simply create its own insurance division or brokerage division and attempt to sell those products to its own existing customers, with incentives for combining all things with one company.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_to_the_government">Relationship to the government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_services&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Relationship to the government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The financial sector is traditionally among those to receive government support in times of widespread economic crisis. Such bailouts, however, enjoy less public support than those for other industries.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Banks">Banks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_services&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Banks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">Bank</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_banking_services">Commercial banking services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_services&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Commercial banking services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Commercial_bank" title="Commercial bank">Commercial bank</a></div> <p>A commercial bank is what is commonly referred to as simply a bank. The term "<a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commercial</a>" is used to distinguish it from an <a href="/wiki/Investment_bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Investment bank">investment bank</a>, a type of financial services entity which instead of lending money directly to a business, helps businesses raise money from other firms in the form of <a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">bonds</a> (debt) or <a href="/wiki/Share_capital" title="Share capital">share capital</a> (equity). </p><p>The primary operations of commercial banks include: </p> <ul><li>Keeping money <a href="/wiki/Safe" title="Safe">safe</a> while also allowing withdrawals when needed</li> <li>Issuance of <a href="/wiki/Chequebook" class="mw-redirect" title="Chequebook">chequebooks</a> so that bills can be paid and other kinds of payments can be delivered by the post</li> <li>Provide <a href="/wiki/Unsecured_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Unsecured loan">personal loans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loan" title="Loan">commercial loans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mortgage_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortgage loan">mortgage loans</a> (typically loans to purchase a home, property or business)</li> <li>Issuance of <a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">credit cards</a>, processing of credit card <a href="/wiki/Electronic_funds_transfer" title="Electronic funds transfer">transactions</a> and billing</li> <li>Issuance of <a href="/wiki/Debit_card" title="Debit card">debit cards</a> for use as a substitute for <a href="/wiki/Cheque" title="Cheque">cheques</a></li> <li>Allow financial transactions at branches or by using <a href="/wiki/Automatic_teller_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Automatic teller machine">automatic teller machines</a> (ATMs)</li> <li>Provide wire transfers of funds and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_fund_transfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic fund transfer">electronic fund transfers</a> between banks</li> <li>Facilitation of standing orders and direct <a href="/wiki/Debit" class="mw-redirect" title="Debit">debits</a>, so payments for bills can be made automatically</li> <li>Provide <a href="/wiki/Overdraft" title="Overdraft">overdraft</a> agreements for the temporary advancement of the bank's own money to meet the monthly spending commitments of a customer in their current account.</li> <li>Provide <a href="/wiki/Internet_banking" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet banking">internet banking</a> system to facilitate customers to view and operate their respective accounts through the internet.</li> <li>Provide charge card advances of the bank's own money for customers wishing to settle credit advances monthly.</li> <li>Provide a check guaranteed by the bank itself and prepaid by the customer, such as a <a href="/wiki/Cashier%27s_check" title="Cashier's check">cashier's check</a> or <a href="/wiki/Certified_check" title="Certified check">certified check</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notary" title="Notary">Notary</a> service for financial and other documents</li> <li>Accepting deposits from customers and providing credit facilities to them.</li> <li>Sell investment products like mutual funds Etc.</li></ul> <p>The United States is the largest commercial banking services location. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Investment_banking_services">Investment banking services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_services&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Investment banking services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Singapur_financial_district_by_night_(25449263528).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Singapur_financial_district_by_night_%2825449263528%29.jpg/220px-Singapur_financial_district_by_night_%2825449263528%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Singapur_financial_district_by_night_%2825449263528%29.jpg/330px-Singapur_financial_district_by_night_%2825449263528%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Singapur_financial_district_by_night_%2825449263528%29.jpg/440px-Singapur_financial_district_by_night_%2825449263528%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5592" data-file-height="3728" /></a><figcaption>Singapore financial district by night (25449263528)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Investment_banking" title="Investment banking">Investment banking</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underwrite" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwrite">Underwriting</a> debt and <a href="/wiki/Share_capital" title="Share capital">equity</a> for the private and <a href="/wiki/Public_sector" title="Public sector">public sector</a> for such entities to raise capital.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">Mergers and acquisitions</a> – Work to underwrite and advise companies on mergers or takeovers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structured_finance" title="Structured finance">Structured finance</a> – Develop intricate (typically derivative) products for high net worth individuals and institutions with more intricate financial needs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restructuring" title="Restructuring">Restructuring</a> – Assist in financially reorganizing companies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_management" title="Investment management">Investment management</a> – Management of assets (e.g., real estate) to meet specified investment goals of clients.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securities_research" title="Securities research">Securities research</a> – Maintain their own department that services to assist their traders, clients and maintain a public stance on specific securities and industries.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broker" title="Broker">Broker</a> Services – Buy and sell securities on behalf of their clients (sometimes may involve financial consulting as well).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_brokerage" title="Prime brokerage">Prime brokerage</a> – An exclusive type of bundled broker service specifically meant to service the needs of hedge funds.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_banking" title="Private banking">Private banking</a> – Private banks provide banking services exclusively to <a href="/wiki/High-net-worth_individual" title="High-net-worth individual">high-net-worth individuals</a>. Many financial services firms require a person or family to have a certain minimum net worth to qualify for private banking service.</li></ul> <p>New York City and London are the largest centers of investment banking services. NYC is dominated by U.S. domestic business, while in London <a href="/wiki/International_business" title="International business">international business</a> and commerce make up a significant portion of investment banking activity.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts20082_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts20082-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_exchange_services">Foreign exchange services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_services&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Foreign exchange services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Foreign_Exchange_machine.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Foreign_Exchange_machine.JPG/220px-Foreign_Exchange_machine.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Foreign_Exchange_machine.JPG/330px-Foreign_Exchange_machine.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Foreign_Exchange_machine.JPG/440px-Foreign_Exchange_machine.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Foreign exchange machine</figcaption></figure> <p>FX or Foreign exchange services are provided by many banks and specialists <a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_company" title="Foreign exchange company">foreign exchange brokers</a> around the world. Foreign exchange services include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_de_change" title="Bureau de change">Currency exchange</a> – where clients can purchase and sell foreign currency banknotes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_transfer" title="Wire transfer">Wire transfer</a> – where clients can send funds to international banks abroad.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remittance" title="Remittance">Remittance</a> – where clients that are migrant workers send money back to their home country.</li></ul> <p>London handled 36.7% of <a href="/wiki/World_currency" title="World currency">global currency</a> transactions in 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Financial_services&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> – an average daily turnover of <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>1.85 trillion – with more US dollars traded in London than New York, and more <a href="/wiki/Euros" class="mw-redirect" title="Euros">Euros</a> traded than in every other city in Europe combined.<sup id="cite_ref-citylondon_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citylondon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Investment_services">Investment services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_services&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Investment services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_investment_fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Collective investment fund">Collective investment fund</a> – A fund that acts as an investment pool so investors can put money into a fund that will reinvest it into a variety of securities based upon their common, outlined investment goal.</li> <li>Investment Advisory Offices – Run by registered investment advisors who advise clients in financial planning and invest their money.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedge_fund" title="Hedge fund">Hedge fund management</a> – Hedge funds often employ the services of "<a href="/wiki/Prime_brokerage" title="Prime brokerage">prime brokerage</a>" divisions at major investment banks to execute their trades.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">Private equity</a> – Private equity funds are typically closed-end funds, which usually take controlling equity stakes in businesses that are either private or taken private once acquired. Private equity funds often use leveraged buyouts (LBOs) to acquire the firms in which they invest. The most successful private equity funds can generate returns significantly higher than provided by the equity markets.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">Venture capital</a> – Private equity capital typically provided by professional, outside investors to new, high-growth-potential companies in the interest of taking the company to an IPO or trade sale of the business. Startup companies are typically fueled by an <a href="/wiki/Angel_investor" title="Angel investor">angel investor</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_office" title="Family office">Family office</a> – Investment and wealth management firm that handles a wealthy family or small group of wealthy individuals with financial plans tailored to their needs. Similar to <a href="/wiki/Private_banking" title="Private banking">private banking</a>.</li> <li>Advisory services – These firms (or departments within a larger entity) service clients with <a href="/wiki/Financial_advisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial advisers">financial advisers</a> who serve as both, a broker as well as a financial consultant.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custodian_bank" title="Custodian bank">Custody services</a> – the safe-keeping and processing of the world's securities trades and servicing the associated portfolios. Assets under custody in the world are approximately US$100 trillion.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>New York City is the largest center of investment services, followed by London.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Insurance">Insurance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_services&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Insurance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">Insurance</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Insurance_Services_(NIS)_-_St._Vincent_%5E_the_Grenadines_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/National_Insurance_Services_%28NIS%29_-_St._Vincent_%5E_the_Grenadines_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-National_Insurance_Services_%28NIS%29_-_St._Vincent_%5E_the_Grenadines_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/National_Insurance_Services_%28NIS%29_-_St._Vincent_%5E_the_Grenadines_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-National_Insurance_Services_%28NIS%29_-_St._Vincent_%5E_the_Grenadines_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/National_Insurance_Services_%28NIS%29_-_St._Vincent_%5E_the_Grenadines_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-National_Insurance_Services_%28NIS%29_-_St._Vincent_%5E_the_Grenadines_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3472" data-file-height="2297" /></a><figcaption>National Insurance Services (NIS) – St. Vincent ^ the Grenadines – panoramio</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Insurance brokerage – <a href="/wiki/Insurance_broker" title="Insurance broker">Insurance brokers</a> shop for insurance (generally corporate property and casualty insurance) on behalf of customers. Recently several websites have been created to give consumers basic price comparisons for services such as insurance, causing controversy within the industry.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Insurance underwriting – Personal lines insurance <a href="/wiki/Underwriter" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwriter">underwriters</a> actually underwrite insurance for individuals, a service still offered primarily through agents, <a href="/wiki/Insurance_broker" title="Insurance broker">insurance brokers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brokerage_firm" class="mw-redirect" title="Brokerage firm">stock brokers</a>. Underwriters may also offer similar commercial lines of coverage for businesses. Activities include insurance and <a href="/wiki/Annuity_(financial_contracts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Annuity (financial contracts)">annuities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Life_insurance" title="Life insurance">life insurance</a>, retirement insurance, <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">health insurance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Property_insurance" title="Property insurance">property insurance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Casualty_insurance" title="Casualty insurance">casualty insurance</a>.</li> <li>Finance and insurance – a service still offered primarily at asset dealerships. The F&I manager encompasses the financing and insuring of the asset which is sold by the dealer. F&I is often called "the second gross" in dealerships that have adopted the model</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinsurance" title="Reinsurance">Reinsurance</a> – Reinsurance is insurance sold to insurers themselves, to protect them from catastrophic losses.</li></ul> <p>The United States, followed by Japan and the United Kingdom are the largest insurance markets in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_financial_services">Other financial services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_services&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other financial services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Financial_services" title="Special:EditPage/Financial services">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Angel investment networks – A group of <a href="/wiki/Angel_investors" class="mw-redirect" title="Angel investors">angel investors</a> can create their own network to be the financial foundation for future companies.</li> <li>Credit card networking – Companies that serve as the bridge between the retailers and the banks who issue the bank cards. Major credit card networks are: <a href="/wiki/UnionPay" title="UnionPay">UnionPay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mastercard" title="Mastercard">Mastercard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visa_Inc." title="Visa Inc.">Visa Inc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rupay" class="mw-redirect" title="Rupay">Rupay</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Express" title="American Express">American Express</a> and <a href="/wiki/Discover_Financial" title="Discover Financial">Discover Financial</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Maker" class="mw-redirect" title="Market Maker">Market Maker</a> - Company that quotes both buy and sell prices in tradable assets in order to create liquidity within the marketplace.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_trading" title="Proprietary trading">Proprietary trading</a> firms - Not always, but frequently overlapping as market makers, these firms trade a variety of financial instruments with the firms own money to profit for itself (unlike hedge funds, whom use clients money to invest).</li> <li><span class="anchor" id="Conglomerates"></span><a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(company)" title="Conglomerate (company)">Conglomerates</a> – A financial services company, such as a <a href="/wiki/Universal_bank" title="Universal bank">universal bank</a>, that is active in more than one sector of the financial services market e.g. life insurance, general insurance, health insurance, asset management, <a href="/wiki/Retail_banking" title="Retail banking">retail banking</a>, wholesale banking, investment banking, etc. A key rationale for the existence of such businesses is the existence of diversification benefits that are present when different types of businesses are aggregated. As a consequence, <a href="/wiki/Economic_capital" title="Economic capital">economic capital</a> for a conglomerate is usually substantially less than <a href="/wiki/Economic_capital" title="Economic capital">economic capital</a> is for the sum of its parts.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_settlement" title="Debt settlement">Debt resolution</a> – A consumer service that assists individuals that have too much debt to pay off as requested, but do not want to file bankruptcy and wish to pay off their debts owed. This debt can be accrued in various ways including but not limited to personal loans, credit cards, or in some cases merchant accounts.</li> <li>Financial market utilities – Organizations that are part of the infrastructure of financial services, such as <a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">stock exchanges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clearing_house_(finance)" title="Clearing house (finance)">clearing houses</a>, derivative and commodity <a href="/wiki/Exchange_(organized_market)" title="Exchange (organized market)">exchanges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Payment_system" title="Payment system">payment systems</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Real-time_gross_settlement" title="Real-time gross settlement">real-time gross settlement</a> systems or <a href="/wiki/Interbank_network" title="Interbank network">interbank networks</a>.</li> <li>Payment recovery – Assistance in recovering money inadvertently paid to vendors by businesses, such as by accidental duplicate payment of an invoice or failure to return a deposit.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Financial_exports">Financial exports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_services&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Financial exports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Financial_exports"></span> A financial export is a financial service provided by a domestic firm (regardless of ownership) to a foreign firm or individual. While financial services such as banking, insurance, and investment management are often seen as domestic services, an increasing proportion of financial services are now being handled abroad, in other <a href="/wiki/Financial_centre" title="Financial centre">financial centres</a>, for a variety of reasons. Some smaller financial centres, such as <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a>, lack sufficient size for a domestic financial services sector and have developed a role providing services to non-residents as <a href="/wiki/Offshore_financial_centre" title="Offshore financial centre">offshore financial centres</a>. The increasing competitiveness of financial services has meant that some countries, such as Japan, which were once self-sufficient, have increasingly imported financial services.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The leading financial exporter, in terms of exports less imports, is the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, which had $95 billion of financial exports in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-TheCityUK2015_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheCityUK2015-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The UK's position is helped by both unique institutions (such as <a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_of_London" title="Lloyd's of London">Lloyd's of London</a> for insurance, the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Exchange" title="Baltic Exchange">Baltic Exchange</a> for shipping etc.)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an environment that attracts foreign firms;<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts2008_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts2008-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> many international corporations have global or regional headquarters in the <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and are listed on the <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a>, and many banks and other financial institutions operate there or in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TheCityUK2014_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheCityUK2014-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_services&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_financial_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative financial services">Alternative financial services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_analyst" title="Financial analyst">Financial analyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_crime" title="Financial crime">Financial crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_accounting" title="Financial accounting">Financial accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial technology">Financial technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financialization" title="Financialization">Financialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insider_threat" title="Insider threat">Insider threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_share_of_population_with_access_to_financial_services" title="List of countries by share of population with access to financial services">List of countries by share of population with access to financial services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_financial_services_companies_by_revenue" title="List of largest financial services companies by revenue">List of largest financial services companies by revenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payment_card_industry" title="Payment card industry">Payment card industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valuation_(finance)#Valuing_financial_services_firms" title="Valuation (finance)">Valuation (finance) § Valuing financial services firms</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_services&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAsmundson2012" class="citation web cs1">Asmundson, Irena (28 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/basics/finserv.htm">"Financial Services: Getting the Goods"</a>. <i>Finance and Development</i>. IMF. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151105132338/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/basics/finserv.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Finance+and+Development&rft.atitle=Financial+Services%3A+Getting+the+Goods&rft.date=2012-03-28&rft.aulast=Asmundson&rft.aufirst=Irena&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Ffandd%2Fbasics%2Ffinserv.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+services" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/access-to-a-financial-account-or-services">"Access to a financial account or services"</a>. <i>Our World in Data</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215222454/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/access-to-a-financial-account-or-services">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Our+World+in+Data&rft.atitle=Access+to+a+financial+account+or+services&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fourworldindata.org%2Fgrapher%2Faccess-to-a-financial-account-or-services&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+services" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130812070106/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d106:SN00900:@@@D&summ2=m&">"Bill Summary & Status 106th Congress (1999–2000) S.900 CRS Summary – Thomas (Library of Congress)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d106:SN00900:@@@D&summ2=m&">the original</a> on 2013-08-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bill+Summary+%26+Status+106th+Congress+%281999%E2%80%932000%29+S.900+CRS+Summary+%E2%80%93+Thomas+%28Library+of+Congress%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthomas.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fbdquery%2Fz%3Fd106%3ASN00900%3A%40%40%40D%26summ2%3Dm%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+services" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Economist, April 4th 2020, page 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roberts20082-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Roberts20082_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2008" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Richard (2008). <i>The City: A Guide to London's Global Financial Centre</i>. Economist. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1861978588">1861978588</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+City%3A+A+Guide+to+London%27s+Global+Financial+Centre&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Economist&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+services" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-citylondon-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-citylondon_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20110926180238/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/LGNL_Services/Business/Business_support_and_advice/Economic_information_and_analysis/Research+and+statistics+FAQ.htm">"Research and statistics FAQ"</a>. The City of London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/LGNL_Services/Business/Business_support_and_advice/Economic_information_and_analysis/Research+and+statistics+FAQ.htm">the original</a> on 26 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Research+and+statistics+FAQ&rft.pub=The+City+of+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityoflondon.gov.uk%2FCorporation%2FLGNL_Services%2FBusiness%2FBusiness_support_and_advice%2FEconomic_information_and_analysis%2FResearch%2Band%2Bstatistics%2BFAQ.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+services" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bis.org/publ/rpfx05t.pdf">"Triennial Central Bank Survey – Foreign exchange and derivatives market activity in 2004"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bank for International Settlements. March 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101217062722/http://www.bis.org/publ/rpfx05t.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2010-12-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Triennial+Central+Bank+Survey+%E2%80%93+Foreign+exchange+and+derivatives+market+activity+in+2004&rft.pub=Bank+for+International+Settlements&rft.date=2005-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bis.org%2Fpubl%2Frpfx05t.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+services" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/media_centre/keyfacts.htm">Key facts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204063613/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/media_centre/keyfacts.htm">Archived</a> 4 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", Corporation of London. Retrieved 19 June 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">European Central Bank (July 2017) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/ecb.euro-international-role-201707.pdf?5155295783d0b744ab5aa5a85d8674c1">"The international role of the euro"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190921003051/https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/ecb.euro-international-role-201707.pdf?5155295783d0b744ab5aa5a85d8674c1">Archived</a> 2019-09-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. European Central Bank. p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chatsworth Communications (April 6, 2016) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chatsworthcommunications.com/londons-leading-position-as-a-usd-2-2-trillion-hub-for-fx-trading-would-be-harmed-by-a-brexit-according-to-poll-of-currency-market-professionals/">"London's leading position as a USD 2.2 trillion hub for FX trading would be harmed by a Brexit, according to poll of currency market professionals"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180922064031/http://www.chatsworthcommunications.com/londons-leading-position-as-a-usd-2-2-trillion-hub-for-fx-trading-would-be-harmed-by-a-brexit-according-to-poll-of-currency-market-professionals/">Archived</a> 2018-09-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Chatsworth Communications.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070316160410/http://www.cm1.prusec.com/rschrpts.nsf/$$rschidxw/4A2ACD93260C58E785256FA3005F8D0E/$FILE/PROCESSINGPRIMER25-0076.PDF">"Prudential: Securities Processing Primer"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>cm1.prusec.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cm1.prusec.com/rschrpts.nsf/$$rschidxw/4A2ACD93260C58E785256FA3005F8D0E/$FILE/PROCESSINGPRIMER25-0076.PDF">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2007-03-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cm1.prusec.com&rft.atitle=Prudential%3A+Securities+Processing+Primer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cm1.prusec.com%2Frschrpts.nsf%2F%24%24rschidxw%2F4A2ACD93260C58E785256FA3005F8D0E%2F%24FILE%2FPROCESSINGPRIMER25-0076.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+services" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180306082626/https://www.theinvestmentassociation.org/assets/files/research/2017/20170914-ams2017.pdf">"Asset Management in the UK 2016–2017"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asset+Management+in+the+UK+2016%E2%80%932017&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=The+Investment+Management+Association&rft.date=2017-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theinvestmentassociation.org%2Fassets%2Ffiles%2Fresearch%2F2017%2F20170914-ams2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+services" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7201345.stm">"Price comparison sites face probe"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2008-01-22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090130065605/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7201345.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-01-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180305202744/https://www.abi.org.uk/globalassets/sitecore/files/documents/publications/public/2015/statistics/key-facts-2015.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 5 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+Insurance+%26+Long+Term+Savings+Key+Facts+2015&rft.pub=Association+of+British+Insurers&rft.date=2015-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abi.org.uk%2Fglobalassets%2Fsitecore%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fpublications%2Fpublic%2F2015%2Fstatistics%2Fkey-facts-2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+services" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheCityUK2015-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TheCityUK2015_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150908100039/http://www.thecityuk.com/media/latest-news-from-thecityuk/thecityuk-uk-trade-surplus-in-financial-services-highest-ever/">"UK trade surplus in financial services highest ever"</a>. TheCityUK. 21 July 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecityuk.com/media/latest-news-from-thecityuk/thecityuk-uk-trade-surplus-in-financial-services-highest-ever/">the original</a> on 8 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+trade+surplus+in+financial+services+highest+ever&rft.pub=TheCityUK&rft.date=2015-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecityuk.com%2Fmedia%2Flatest-news-from-thecityuk%2Fthecityuk-uk-trade-surplus-in-financial-services-highest-ever%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+services" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2003" class="citation book cs1">Clark, David (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J21sBa6n46gC&pg=PA174"><i>Urban world/global city</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 174–176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415320976" title="Special:BookSources/0415320976"><bdi>0415320976</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210082254/https://books.google.com/books?id=J21sBa6n46gC&pg=PA174">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-02-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-23</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urban+world%2Fglobal+city&rft.pages=174-176&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0415320976&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ21sBa6n46gC%26pg%3DPA174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+services" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShubik1999" class="citation book cs1">Shubik, Martin (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m9BWUe9xveQC&pg=PA8"><i>The theory of money and financial institutions</i></a>. MIT Press. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0262693119" title="Special:BookSources/0262693119"><bdi>0262693119</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210082247/https://books.google.com/books?id=m9BWUe9xveQC&pg=PA8">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-02-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+theory+of+money+and+financial+institutions&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0262693119&rft.aulast=Shubik&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm9BWUe9xveQC%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+services" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roberts2008-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Roberts2008_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2008" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Richard (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J0vl6CltQjEC&q=the%20city%20richard%20roberts&pg=PA2"><i>The City: A Guide to London's Global Financial Centre</i></a>. Economist. pp. 1–22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781861978585" title="Special:BookSources/9781861978585"><bdi>9781861978585</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210082255/https://books.google.com/books?id=J0vl6CltQjEC&q=the%20city%20richard%20roberts&pg=PA2">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-02-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+City%3A+A+Guide+to+London%27s+Global+Financial+Centre&rft.pages=1-22&rft.pub=Economist&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781861978585&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ0vl6CltQjEC%26q%3Dthe%2520city%2520richard%2520roberts%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+services" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheCityUK2014-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TheCityUK2014_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140711095621/http://www.thecityuk.com/media/latest-news-from-thecityuk/uk-s-financial-services-trade-surplus-biggest-in-the-world-dwarfing-its-nearest-rivals/">"UK's financial services trade surplus biggest in the world, dwarfing its nearest rivals"</a>. TheCityUK. 3 July 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecityuk.com/media/latest-news-from-thecityuk/uk-s-financial-services-trade-surplus-biggest-in-the-world-dwarfing-its-nearest-rivals/">the original</a> on 11 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK%27s+financial+services+trade+surplus+biggest+in+the+world%2C+dwarfing+its+nearest+rivals&rft.pub=TheCityUK&rft.date=2014-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecityuk.com%2Fmedia%2Flatest-news-from-thecityuk%2Fuk-s-financial-services-trade-surplus-biggest-in-the-world-dwarfing-its-nearest-rivals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+services" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY_ITEM_Club_special_report_on_services_exports_-_full_report/$FILE/EY%20ITEM%20Club%20special%20Report%20on%20Services%20Exports_FINAL.pdf">"Special report on services exports"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. EY Item Club. June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080359/http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY_ITEM_Club_special_report_on_services_exports_-_full_report/$FILE/EY%20ITEM%20Club%20special%20Report%20on%20Services%20Exports_FINAL.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Special+report+on+services+exports&rft.pub=EY+Item+Club&rft.date=2014-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ey.com%2FPublication%2FvwLUAssets%2FEY_ITEM_Club_special_report_on_services_exports_-_full_report%2F%24FILE%2FEY%2520ITEM%2520Club%2520special%2520Report%2520on%2520Services%2520Exports_FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+services" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_services&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorteousPradip_Tapadar2005" class="citation book cs1">Porteous, Bruce T.; Pradip Tapadar (December 2005). <i>Economic Capital and Financial Risk Management for Financial Services Firms and Conglomerates</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4039-3608-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-4039-3608-0"><bdi>1-4039-3608-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Economic+Capital+and+Financial+Risk+Management+for+Financial+Services+Firms+and+Conglomerates&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2005-12&rft.isbn=1-4039-3608-0&rft.aulast=Porteous&rft.aufirst=Bruce+T.&rft.au=Pradip+Tapadar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+services" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_services&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hks.harvard.edu/m-rcbg/CSRI/publications/report_19_EO%20Finance%20Final.pdf">The role of the Financial Services Sector in Expanding Economic Opportunity | A report by Christopher N. Sutton and Beth Jenkins | John F. Kennedy School of Government | Harvard University</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_industries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Industries" title="Template:Industries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Industries" title="Template talk:Industries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Industries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Industries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_industries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major <a href="/wiki/Industry_(economics)" title="Industry (economics)">industries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Natural_sector" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Primary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Primary sector of the economy">Natural sector</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biotic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arable_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Arable farming">Arable farming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cereal#Production" title="Cereal">Cereals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legume#Uses" title="Legume">Legumes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_farming" title="Vegetable farming">Vegetables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_crop" title="Fiber crop">Fiber crops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">Oilseeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry" title="Sugar industry">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_industry" title="Tobacco industry">Tobacco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_crop" title="Permanent crop">Permanent crops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pome" title="Pome">Apples et al.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry#Commercial_production" title="Berry">Berries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_production" title="Citrus production">Citrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">Stone fruits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_fruits#Tropical_and_tropical-like_fruit" title="List of culinary fruits">Tropical fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean#Cultivation" title="Cocoa bean">Cocoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Coffee industry">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea#Production" title="Tea">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)#Production" title="Nut (fruit)">Nuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicinal_plants" title="Medicinal plants">Medicinal plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">Spices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horticulture_industry" title="Horticulture industry">Horticulture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floral_industry" title="Floral industry">Flowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed_company" title="Seed company">Seeds</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">Animal husbandry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beef_cattle" title="Beef cattle">Beef cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming#Market" title="Dairy farming">Dairy farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_farming" title="Fur farming">Fur farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_industry" title="Horse industry">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Other livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig_farming" title="Pig farming">Pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wool#Production" title="Wool">Wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming" title="Poultry farming">Poultry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beekeeping" title="Beekeeping">Beekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochineal#Farming" title="Cochineal">Cochineal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shellac" title="Shellac">Shellac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk#Production_process" title="Silk">Silk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trapping" title="Trapping">Fur trapping</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">Forestry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silviculture" title="Silviculture">Silviculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_cultivation" title="Bamboo cultivation">Bamboo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logging" title="Logging">Logging</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firewood" title="Firewood">Firewood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattan#Economic_and_environmental_issues" title="Rattan">Rattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">Tree tapping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankincense#Production" title="Frankincense">Frankincense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gum_arabic#Production" title="Gum arabic">Gum arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutta-percha#Uses" title="Gutta-percha">Gutta-percha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup#Production" title="Maple syrup">Maple syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)#Cultivation" title="Mastic (plant resin)">Mastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rubber#Production" title="Natural rubber">Natural rubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_sugar" title="Palm sugar">Palm sugar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palm_syrup" title="Palm syrup">syrup</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_stores_industry" title="Naval stores industry">Pine resin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushroom_hunting" title="Mushroom hunting">Wild mushrooms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fungiculture" title="Fungiculture">Fungiculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truffle" title="Truffle">Truffles</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aquatic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry" title="Fishing industry">Fishing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovy#Fisheries" title="Anchovy">Anchovies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring#Fisheries" title="Herring">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardine#Fisheries" title="Sardine">Sardines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_fisheries" title="Cod fisheries">Cod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddock#Fisheries" title="Haddock">Haddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_pollock#Fisheries" title="Alaska pollock">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel#Fisheries" title="Mackerel">Mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark#Fishery" title="Shark">Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordfish#Fisheries" title="Swordfish">Swordfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna#Fishing_industry" title="Tuna">Tuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_fisheries" title="Crab fisheries">Crabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_fishing" title="Lobster fishing">Lobsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin#As_food" title="Sea urchin">Sea urchins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid#Commercial_fishing" title="Squid">Squid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">Whaling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Aquaculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp#Aquaculture" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_catfish" title="Aquaculture of catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_tilapia" title="Aquaculture of tilapia">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abalone#Farming" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel#Aquaculture" title="Mussel">Mussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_farming" title="Oyster farming">Oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultured_pearl" title="Cultured pearl">Pearls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_microalgae_in_hatcheries" title="Culture of microalgae in hatcheries">Microalgae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaweed_farming" title="Seaweed farming">Seaweed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Both <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clam_digging" title="Clam digging">Clams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumbers_as_food" title="Sea cucumbers as food">Sea cucumbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop#Seafood_industry" title="Scallop">Scallops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp#Human_uses" title="Shrimp">Shrimp</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil fuel industry">Fossil fuels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal industry">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">Peat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">Natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_shale_industry" title="Oil shale industry">Oil shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry" title="Petroleum industry">Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_sands" title="Oil sands">Tar sands</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mining of ores <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium#Production_and_refinement" title="Aluminium">Aluminum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper#Production" title="Copper">Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_ore#Production_and_consumption" title="Iron ore">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_mining" title="Gold mining">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_mining" title="Silver mining">Silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum#Production" title="Platinum">Platinum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium#Production" title="Lithium">Lithium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare-earth_element#Global_rare-earth_production" title="Rare-earth element">Rare-earth metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_mining" title="Uranium mining">Uranium</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other minerals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">Gemstones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Production" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potash#Production" title="Potash">Potash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt#Production" title="Salt">Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur#Production" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarry" title="Quarry">Quarrying</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravel_pit" title="Gravel pit">Gravel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_mining" title="Sand mining">Sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalk_mining" title="Chalk mining">Chalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_pit" title="Clay pit">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsum#Mining" title="Gypsum">Gypsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone#Uses" title="Limestone">Limestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimension_stone#Production" title="Dimension stone">Dimension stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granite#Industry" title="Granite">Granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble#Production" title="Marble">Marble</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Industrial_sector" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Secondary sector of the economy">Industrial sector</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Light_industry" title="Light industry">Light industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_industry" title="Food industry">Food</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feed_manufacturing" title="Feed manufacturing">Animal feed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baking#Commercial_baking" title="Baking">Baking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">Canning</a></li> <li>Dairy products</li> <li>Flour</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_industry" title="Meat industry">Meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convenience_food" title="Convenience food">Prepared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_preservation" title="Food preservation">Preserved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candy_making" title="Candy making">Sweets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil#Production" title="Vegetable oil">Vegetable oils</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drink_industry" title="Drink industry">Beverages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brewing_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Brewing industry">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottled_water" title="Bottled water">Bottled water</a></li> <li>Liquor</li> <li>Soft drinks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry" title="Textile industry">Textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carding" title="Carding">Carding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyeing" title="Dyeing">Dyeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_printing" title="Textile printing">Prints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)" title="Spinning (textiles)">Spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpet" title="Carpet">Carpets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lace" title="Lace">Lace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linens" title="Linens">Linens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_industry" title="Clothing industry">Clothing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_accessory" title="Fashion accessory">Accessories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dressmaker" title="Dressmaker">Dressmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_clothing" title="Fur clothing">Furs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatmaking" title="Hatmaking">Hatmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing" title="Sewing">Sewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoemaking" title="Shoemaking">Shoemaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailor" title="Tailor">Tailoring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_embossing" title="Paper embossing">Embossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">Engraving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_printing" title="Security printing">Secure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">Typesetting</a></li></ul></li> <li>Media reproduction <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape" title="Cassette tape">Cassette tapes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_of_phonograph_records" title="Production of phonograph records">Phonographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_manufacturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact Disc manufacturing">Optical discs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_fabrication" title="Metal fabrication">Metal fabrication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boilermaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Boilermaking">Boilermaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Builders_hardware" title="Builders hardware">Builders'</a> & <a href="/wiki/Household_hardware" class="mw-redirect" title="Household hardware">household hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutlery" title="Cutlery">Cutlery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunsmith" title="Gunsmith">Gunsmithing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locksmithing" title="Locksmithing">Locksmithing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_shop" title="Machine shop">Machining</a></li> <li>Other <a href="/wiki/Metalsmith" title="Metalsmith">smithing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_metallurgy" title="Powder metallurgy">Powder metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefabrication" title="Prefabrication">Prefabrication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_finishing" title="Surface finishing">Surface finishing</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other fabrication <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blow_molding" title="Blow molding">Blow molding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawing_(manufacturing)" title="Drawing (manufacturing)">Drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrusion" title="Extrusion">Extrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassblowing" title="Glassblowing">Glassblowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injection_moulding" title="Injection moulding">Injection moulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sintering" title="Sintering">Sintering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonemasonry" title="Stonemasonry">Stonemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodworking" title="Woodworking">Woodworking</a></li></ul></li> <li>Furniture</li> <li>Other goods <ul><li>Baggage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_industry" title="Bicycle industry">Bicycles</a></li> <li>Jewellery</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_device" title="Medical device">Medical supplies</a></li> <li>Musical instruments</li> <li>Office supplies</li> <li>Outdoors & sports equipment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">Personal protective equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy#Economics" title="Toy">Toys</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electrical <br /> & optical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry" title="Electronics industry">Electronics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_component" title="Electronic component">Components</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board#Manufacturing" title="Printed circuit board">Circuit boards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_industry" title="Semiconductor industry">Semiconductors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer industry">Computers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_system_manufacturers" title="List of computer system manufacturers">Computer systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_hardware_manufacturers" title="List of computer hardware manufacturers">Parts & peripherals</a></li> <li>Blank <a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage#Storage_media" title="Computer data storage">storage media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_equipment" title="Telecommunications equipment">Communications equipment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone#Sales" title="Mobile phone">Mobile phones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_equipment_provider" title="Network equipment provider">Network infrastructure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics#Products" title="Consumer electronics">Consumer electronics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_set#Major_manufacturers" title="Television set">Televisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console#Market" title="Video game console">Video game consoles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrumentation" title="Instrumentation">Instrumentation</a> <ul><li>Clocks and watches</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_navigation_device#Consumer_applications" title="Satellite navigation device">GPS devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_instrument#List_of_scientific_instruments_manufacturers" title="Scientific instrument">Scientific instruments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging#Industry" title="Medical imaging">Medical imaging systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_instrument" title="Optical instrument">Optical instruments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">Cameras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescopic_sight" title="Telescopic sight">Gun</a> & <a href="/wiki/Spotting_scope" title="Spotting scope">spotting scopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_construction" title="Laser construction">Laser construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_manufacturing_and_testing" title="Optical manufacturing and testing">Lens grinding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microscope" title="Microscope">Microscopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope">Telescopes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_device" title="Electrical device">Electrical equipment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_battery" title="Electric battery">Batteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_cable" title="Electrical cable">Electrical</a> & <a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">fiber optic</a> cables</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_light" title="Electric light">Electric lighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">Electric motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_appliance" title="Home appliance">Home appliances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformer" title="Transformer">Transformers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" title="Chemical industry">Chemicals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Coal & <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">oil refining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">Bitumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coke_(fuel)" title="Coke (fuel)">Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diesel_fuel" title="Diesel fuel">Diesel fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">Fuel oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">Gasoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_fuel" title="Jet fuel">Jet fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerosene" title="Kerosene">Kerosene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_oil" title="Mineral oil">Mineral oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraffin_wax" title="Paraffin wax">Paraffin wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrochemical" title="Petrochemical">Petrochemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_jelly" title="Petroleum jelly">Petroleum jelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propane" title="Propane">Propane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_oil" title="Synthetic oil">Synthetic oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar" title="Tar">Tar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_chemicals" title="Commodity chemicals">Commodity chemicals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fertilizer#Production" title="Fertilizer">Fertilizers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_gas" title="Industrial gas">Industrial gases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">Pigments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_element#Allotropes" title="Chemical element">Pure elements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciality_chemicals" title="Speciality chemicals">Speciality chemicals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhesive" title="Adhesive">Adhesives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrochemical" title="Agrochemical">Agrochemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aroma_compound" title="Aroma compound">Aroma compounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleaning_agent" title="Cleaning agent">Cleaning products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">Cosmetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explosive" title="Explosive">Explosives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">Fireworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint" title="Paint">Paints</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ink" title="Ink">inks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfume" title="Perfume">Perfumes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soap" title="Soap">Soap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toiletries" class="mw-redirect" title="Toiletries">Toiletries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_chemical" title="Fine chemical">Fine chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry" title="Pharmaceutical industry">Pharmaceuticals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Production_of_antibiotics" title="Production of antibiotics">Antibiotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_product" title="Blood product">Blood products</a></li> <li>Chemical & hormonal <a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">contraceptives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generic_drug" title="Generic drug">Generic drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade" title="Illegal drug trade">Illegal drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">Supplements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">Vaccines</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">Leather</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liming_(leather_processing)" title="Liming (leather processing)">Liming</a> & <a href="/wiki/Deliming" title="Deliming">deliming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanning_(leather)" title="Tanning (leather)">Tanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currier" title="Currier">Currying</a> & <a href="/wiki/Oiling_(leather_processing)" title="Oiling (leather processing)">oiling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_industry" title="Wood industry">Wood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wood_drying" title="Wood drying">Drying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawmill" title="Sawmill">Sawmilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineered_wood" title="Engineered wood">Engineered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumber" title="Lumber">Lumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood-plastic_composite" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood-plastic composite">Composite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry" title="Pulp and paper industry">Paper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sizing#Papermaking" title="Sizing">Sizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardboard" title="Cardboard">Cardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_(paper)" title="Pulp (paper)">Pulp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tissue_paper" title="Tissue paper">Tissue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_rubber" title="Synthetic rubber">Rubber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tire_manufacturing" title="Tire manufacturing">Tires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcanization" title="Vulcanization">Vulcanized rubber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastics_industry" title="Plastics industry">Plastics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_plastics" title="Commodity plastics">Commodity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_plastic" title="Engineering plastic">Engineered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-performance_plastics" title="High-performance plastics">Specialty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelletizing" title="Pelletizing">Pellets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_fiber" title="Synthetic fiber">Synthetic fibers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermoplastic" title="Thermoplastic">Thermoplastics</a> & <a href="/wiki/Thermosetting_polymer" title="Thermosetting polymer">thermosets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_production" title="Glass production">Glass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borosilicate_glass" title="Borosilicate glass">Borosilicate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fused_quartz" title="Fused quartz">Fused quartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soda%E2%80%93lime_glass" title="Soda–lime glass">Soda-lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_glass" title="Float glass">Float glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_fiber" title="Glass fiber">Glass fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_wool" title="Glass wool">Glass wool</a> & <a href="/wiki/Fiberglass" title="Fiberglass">fiberglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_glass" title="Safety glass">Safety glass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">Ceramics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brickworks" title="Brickworks">Brick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthenware" title="Earthenware">Earthenware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porcelain#Other_uses" title="Porcelain">Porcelain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refractory" title="Refractory">Refractory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tile" title="Tile">Tile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cement#Cement_industry_in_the_world" title="Cement">Cement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_(masonry)" title="Mortar (masonry)">Mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaster" title="Plaster">Plaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ready-mix_concrete" title="Ready-mix concrete">Ready-mix concrete</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other mineral <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrasive" title="Abrasive">Abrasives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_fibers" title="Carbon fibers">Carbon fibers</a> & <a href="/wiki/Allotropes_of_carbon" title="Allotropes of carbon">advanced materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_wool" title="Mineral wool">Mineral wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_gem" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic gem">Synthetic gems</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extractive_metallurgy" title="Extractive metallurgy">Metal refining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ironworks" title="Ironworks">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_smelting" title="Aluminium smelting">Aluminum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_extraction" title="Copper extraction">Copper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy">Alloys</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steel_mill" title="Steel mill">Steel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forming_(metalworking)" title="Forming (metalworking)">Formed metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_(metalworking)" title="Rolling (metalworking)">Rolled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forging" title="Forging">Forged</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundry" title="Foundry">Cast metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_industry" title="Heavy industry">Heavy industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Machine_industry" title="Machine industry">Machinery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conveyor_system" title="Conveyor system">Conveyors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_equipment" title="Heavy equipment">Heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_machinery" title="Hydraulic machinery">Hydraulic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_tool_builder" title="Machine tool builder">Machine tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo_generator" title="Turbo generator">Power</a> & <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">wind turbines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automobiles</a></li> <li>Other heavy <a href="/wiki/Vehicle" title="Vehicle">vehicles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerospace industry">Aerospace</a> & <a href="/wiki/Space_industry" title="Space industry">space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_stock" title="Rolling stock">Rail vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">Ships</a> & <a href="/wiki/Oil_platform" title="Oil platform">offshore platforms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">Weapons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_utility" title="Public utility">Utilities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Power <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_power_industry" title="Electric power industry">Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas#Domestic_use" title="Natural gas">Gas distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_commercialization" title="Renewable energy commercialization">Renewable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_industry" title="Water industry">Water</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment" title="Sewage treatment">Sewage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_industry" title="Waste management industry">Waste management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waste_collection" title="Waste collection">Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landfill" title="Landfill">Dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazardous_waste" title="Hazardous waste">Hazardous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_remediation" title="Environmental remediation">Remediation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_industry" title="Telecommunications industry">Telecom networks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_operator" title="Mobile phone operator">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone company">Telephone</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Construction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">Buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_property" title="Commercial property">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_architecture" title="Industrial architecture">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_construction" title="Home construction">Residential</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">Civil engineering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge building">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_track" title="Railway track">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadbuilding" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadbuilding">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel#Construction" title="Tunnel">Tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal#Construction" title="Canal">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">Dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dredging#Major_dredging_companies" title="Dredging">Dredging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbor" title="Harbor">Harbors</a></li></ul></li> <li>Specialty trades <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinetry" title="Cabinetry">Cabinetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition" title="Demolition">Demolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_wiring" title="Electrical wiring">Electrical wiring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevator_mechanic" title="Elevator mechanic">Elevators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning#HVAC_industry_and_standards" title="Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning">HVAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator" title="House painter and decorator">Painting and decorating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumbing" title="Plumbing">Plumbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthworks_(engineering)" title="Earthworks (engineering)">Site preparation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Service_sector" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">Service sector</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sales" title="Sales">Sales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">Retail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_dealership" title="Car dealership">Car dealership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast-moving_consumer_goods" title="Fast-moving consumer goods">Consumer goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_store" title="General store">General store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grocery_store" title="Grocery store">Grocery store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_store" title="Department store">Department store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_order" title="Mail order">Mail order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_shopping" title="Online shopping">Online shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialty_store" title="Specialty store">Specialty store</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wholesaling" title="Wholesaling">Wholesale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auction" title="Auction">Auction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broker" title="Broker">Brokerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distribution_(marketing)" title="Distribution (marketing)">Distribution</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">Transport</a> <br /> & Storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cargo" title="Cargo">Cargo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_cargo" title="Air cargo">Air cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermodal_freight_transport" title="Intermodal freight transport">Intermodal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail" title="Mail">Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_company" title="Moving company">Moving company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_freight_transport" title="Rail freight transport">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trucking" class="mw-redirect" title="Trucking">Trucking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger transport">Passenger transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airline" title="Airline">Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_rental" title="Car rental">Car rentals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger rail">Passenger rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">Ridesharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxi" title="Taxi">Taxis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warehouse" title="Warehouse">Warehousing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self_storage" title="Self storage">Self storage</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hospitality_industry" title="Hospitality industry">Hospitality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foodservice" title="Foodservice">Foodservice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_establishment" title="Drinking establishment">Drink service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">Cafés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catering" title="Catering">Catering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">Fast food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_delivery" title="Food delivery">Food delivery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">Restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teahouse" title="Teahouse">Teahouses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel" title="Hotel">Hotels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asset_management" title="Asset management">Asset management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Financial services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit" title="Credit">Credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_adviser" title="Financial adviser">Financial advice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">Holding company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_funds_transfer" title="Electronic funds transfer">Money transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payment_card_industry" title="Payment card industry">Payment cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">Risk management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_(finance)" title="Security (finance)">Securities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">Insurance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_insurance" title="Life insurance">Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_fund" title="Pension fund">Pension funding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_insurance" title="Property insurance">Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinsurance" title="Reinsurance">Reinsurance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_economics" title="Real estate economics">Real estate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_agent" title="Real estate agent">Brokerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_management" title="Property management">Property management</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Professional_services" title="Professional services">Professional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accounting_network" title="Accounting network">Accounting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assurance_services" title="Assurance services">Assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audit" title="Audit">Audit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookkeeping" title="Bookkeeping">Bookkeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_advisor" title="Tax advisor">Tax advice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_firm" title="Architectural firm">Architecture</a> & <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inspection" title="Inspection">Inspection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveying" title="Surveying">Surveying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_test" title="Physical test">Physical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Product_testing" title="Product testing">product</a>, & <a href="/wiki/System_testing" title="System testing">system testing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">Design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_design" title="Fashion design">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_design" title="Interior design">Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">Product</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practice_of_law" title="Practice of law">Legal services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">Management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consulting_firm" title="Consulting firm">Consulting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">Public relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">Marketing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advertising_industry" title="Advertising industry">Advertising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_industries" title="Creative industries">Creative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_industry" title="Language industry">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">Research and development</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basic_research" title="Basic research">Basic research</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_industry" title="Healthcare industry">Healthcare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Medicine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dentist_office" class="mw-redirect" title="Dentist office">Dentist offices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing" title="Nursing">Nursing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_care" title="Residential care">Residential care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">Veterinary medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Entertainment#Industry" title="Entertainment">Entertainment</a><br /> & <a href="/wiki/Leisure_industry" title="Leisure industry">leisure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Audio-visual <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_industry" title="Video game industry">Video games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">Broadcasting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/News_agency" title="News agency">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_industry" title="Radio industry">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television#Content" title="Television">Television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_industry" title="Sport industry">Sport</a></li> <li>Travel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_travel" title="Business travel">Business travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_line" title="Cruise line">Cruise lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">Tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">Gambling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Online_gambling" title="Online gambling">Online</a></li></ul></li> <li>Venues <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amusement_arcade" title="Amusement arcade">Arcades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amusement_park" title="Amusement park">Amusement parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair" title="Fair">Fairgrounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">Nightclubs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabletop_game_industry" title="Tabletop game industry">Tabletop games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">Publishing</a> <br /> & <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Written <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodical_literature" title="Periodical literature">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_industry" title="Software industry">Software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service">Hosting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_networking_service" title="Social networking service">Social networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">Streaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">Websites</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">Primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">Secondary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">Tertiary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vocational_school" title="Vocational school">Vocational school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University" title="University">University</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standardized_test" title="Standardized test">Testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutoring" title="Tutoring">Tutoring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Administrative <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Customer_service" title="Customer service">Customer service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lease" title="Lease">Leasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renting" title="Renting">Renting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_agency" title="Employment agency">Staffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_investigator" title="Private investigator">Private investigation</a> & <a href="/wiki/Security_company" title="Security company">security</a></li></ul></li> <li>Maintenance <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Janitor">Janitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_maintenance" title="Landscape maintenance">Landscaping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maintenance_(technical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maintenance (technical)">Repairs</a></li> <li>Personal services <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_salon" title="Beauty salon">Beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_cleaning" title="Dry cleaning">Dry cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Funeral industry">Funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maid_service" title="Maid service">Maid service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pet_industry" title="Pet industry">Pet care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_industry" title="Sex industry">Sex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_industry" title="Poverty industry">Poverty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industry_classification" title="Industry classification">Classification <br /> standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Production-based <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_and_New_Zealand_Standard_Industrial_Classification" title="Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification">ANZSIC</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Industrial_Classification" title="International Standard Industrial Classification">ISIC</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_Classification_of_Economic_Activities_in_the_European_Community" title="Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community">NACE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Industry_Classification_System" title="North American Industry Classification System">NAICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Industrial_Classification" title="Standard Industrial Classification">SIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Standard_Industrial_Classification_of_Economic_Activities" title="United Kingdom Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities">UKSIC</a></li></ul></li> <li>Market-based <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Industry_Classification_Standard" title="Global Industry Classification Standard">GICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_Classification_Benchmark" title="Industry Classification Benchmark">ICB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Refinitiv_Business_Classification" title="The Refinitiv Business Classification">TRBC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Factors_of_production" title="Factors of production">Inputs</a> <br /> & <a href="/wiki/Output_(economics)" title="Output (economics)">outputs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Externality" title="Externality">Externalities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community" title="Community">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">Pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well-being" title="Well-being">Well-being</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funding" title="Funding">Funding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goods" title="Goods">Goods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodity" title="Commodity">Commodities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_good" title="Final good">Final</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_good" title="Intermediate good">Intermediate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_material" title="Raw material">Raw material</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation" title="Innovation">Innovation</a></li> <li>Primary inputs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Work_(human_activity)" title="Work (human activity)">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">Natural resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_capital" title="Physical capital">Physical capital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">Organization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centralization" class="mw-redirect" title="Centralization">Centralization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartel" title="Cartel">Cartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(company)" title="Conglomerate (company)">Conglomerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_integration" title="Horizontal integration">Horizontal integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">Mergers and acquisitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">Monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopsony" title="Monopsony">Monopsony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_integration" title="Vertical integration">Vertical integration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Competition_law" title="Competition law">Enforced breakup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freelancer" title="Freelancer">Freelancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homesteading" title="Homesteading">Homesteading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsourcing" title="Outsourcing">Outsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putting-out_system" title="Putting-out system">Putting-out system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_spin-off" title="Corporate spin-off">Spinning-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_work" title="Temporary work">Temporary work</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ownership" title="Ownership">Ownership</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint-stock_company" title="Joint-stock company">Joint-stock company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">Nationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">Nonprofit organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partnership" title="Partnership">Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_proprietorship" title="Sole proprietorship">Sole proprietorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">State-owned enterprise</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Industry_(economics)" title="Category:Industry (economics)"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Industries" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Industries"><b>Commons</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_industry" title="Outline of 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