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<li id="toc-Pro-Union_and_anti-Republican_sentiment_before_the_attack_on_Fort_Sumter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pro-Union_and_anti-Republican_sentiment_before_the_attack_on_Fort_Sumter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pro-Union and anti-Republican sentiment before the attack on Fort Sumter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pro-Union_and_anti-Republican_sentiment_before_the_attack_on_Fort_Sumter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reaction_to_the_attack_on_Fort_Sumter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaction_to_the_attack_on_Fort_Sumter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Reaction to the attack on Fort Sumter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reaction_to_the_attack_on_Fort_Sumter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tennessee_secedes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tennessee_secedes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Tennessee secedes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tennessee_secedes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_campaigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_campaigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Major campaigns</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Major_campaigns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Major campaigns subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Major_campaigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1862" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1862"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>1862</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1862-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1863" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1863"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1863</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1863-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1864" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1864"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>1864</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1864-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battles_in_Tennessee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battles_in_Tennessee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Battles in Tennessee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battles_in_Tennessee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Confederate_leaders_from_Tennessee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Confederate_leaders_from_Tennessee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable Confederate leaders from Tennessee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Confederate_leaders_from_Tennessee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Union_leaders_from_Tennessee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Union_leaders_from_Tennessee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable Union leaders from Tennessee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Union_leaders_from_Tennessee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unionism_and_East_Tennessee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unionism_and_East_Tennessee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Unionism and East Tennessee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unionism_and_East_Tennessee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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-86</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> <a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">state</a> of Tennessee between 1861 and 1865. For the ships, see <a href="/wiki/CSS_Tennessee" title="CSS Tennessee">CSS Tennessee</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tennessee (disambiguation)">Tennessee (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028589756">.mw-parser-output .ib-confederate-state-acw{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-confederate-state-acw .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-confederate-state-acw .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-confederate-state-acw td,.mw-parser-output .ib-confederate-state-acw th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-confederate-state-acw .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-confederate-state-acw .mergedtoprow .infobox-label{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-confederate-state-acw .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-confederate-state-acw .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-confederate-state-acw .maptable .infobox-data{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox ib-confederate-state-acw vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Tennessee</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Nickname(s): <span class="nickname">The Volunteer State</span></td></tr><tr class="maptable"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proposed_flag_of_Tennessee_(1861).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Tennessee"><img alt="Flag of Tennessee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Proposed_flag_of_Tennessee_%281861%29.svg/125px-Proposed_flag_of_Tennessee_%281861%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Proposed_flag_of_Tennessee_%281861%29.svg/188px-Proposed_flag_of_Tennessee_%281861%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Proposed_flag_of_Tennessee_%281861%29.svg/250px-Proposed_flag_of_Tennessee_%281861%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1645" data-file-height="902" /></a></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Proposed flag (<i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AmCyc_Tennessee_-_State_Seal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="State seal of Tennessee"><img alt="State seal of Tennessee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/AmCyc_Tennessee_-_State_Seal.jpg/100px-AmCyc_Tennessee_-_State_Seal.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/AmCyc_Tennessee_-_State_Seal.jpg/150px-AmCyc_Tennessee_-_State_Seal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/AmCyc_Tennessee_-_State_Seal.jpg/200px-AmCyc_Tennessee_-_State_Seal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="907" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Tennessee" title="Seal of Tennessee"><span style="font-size:85%;">Great Seal</span></a></div></div></div><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Confederate_States_map_1861-12-31_to_1865-05-05_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description" title="The Confederate States of America"><img alt="The Confederate States of America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Confederate_States_map_1861-12-31_to_1865-05-05_%28cropped%29.png/300px-Confederate_States_map_1861-12-31_to_1865-05-05_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Confederate_States_map_1861-12-31_to_1865-05-05_%28cropped%29.png/450px-Confederate_States_map_1861-12-31_to_1865-05-05_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Confederate_States_map_1861-12-31_to_1865-05-05_%28cropped%29.png/600px-Confederate_States_map_1861-12-31_to_1865-05-05_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1007" /></a></span><br />Map of the Confederate States</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_C.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Confederacy#List_of_C.S._states" class="mw-redirect" title="List of C.S. states by date of admission to the Confederacy">Admitted to the Confederacy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">July 2, 1861 (11th)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1,109,801 total</li><li> • 834,082 (75.15%) free</li><li> • 275,719 (24.85%) slave</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Forces supplied</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><b>- Confederate soldiers</b>: 135,000<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <hr /> <b>- Union soldiers</b>: 51,000 (31,000 white; 20,000 black)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> total</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isham_G._Harris" title="Isham G. Harris">Isham G. Harris</a> (1861–1862)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederate_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the Confederate States">Senators</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Landon_Carter_Haynes" title="Landon Carter Haynes">Landon Carter Haynes</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_Henry" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus Adolphus Henry">Gustavus Adolphus Henry</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Representatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_congressional_delegations_from_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate States congressional delegations from Tennessee">List</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Restored to the Union</th><td class="infobox-data">July 24, 1866</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Tennessee" title="Category:History of Tennessee">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tennessee" title="History of Tennessee">History of Tennessee</a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Tennessee.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Great Seal of Tennessee"><img alt="Great Seal of Tennessee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Seal_of_Tennessee.svg/140px-Seal_of_Tennessee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Seal_of_Tennessee.svg/210px-Seal_of_Tennessee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Seal_of_Tennessee.svg/280px-Seal_of_Tennessee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="718" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Years_in_Tennessee" title="Category:Years in Tennessee">By year</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pre-statehood_history_of_Tennessee" title="Category:Pre-statehood history of Tennessee">Pre-statehood</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">U.S. Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tennessee#20th_century" title="History of Tennessee">Since 1900</a></li> <li>Topics: <i><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_history_of_Tennessee" title="Category:African-American history of Tennessee">African-Americans</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Histories_of_cities_in_Tennessee" title="Category:Histories of cities in Tennessee">Cities</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Military_history_of_Tennessee" title="Category:Military history of Tennessee">Military</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Political_history_of_Tennessee" title="Category:Political history of Tennessee">Politics</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td 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nowraplinks plainlist" style="width: auto; font-size: 100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Confederate_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the Confederate States of America"><img alt="Seal of the Confederate States of America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Seal_of_the_Confederate_States.svg/128px-Seal_of_the_Confederate_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Seal_of_the_Confederate_States.svg/192px-Seal_of_the_Confederate_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Seal_of_the_Confederate_States.svg/256px-Seal_of_the_Confederate_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States</a> <br /> in the <br /> <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Alabama in the American Civil War">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Arkansas in the American Civil War">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Florida in the American Civil War">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Georgia in the American Civil War">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Louisiana in the American Civil War">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Mississippi in the American Civil War">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="North Carolina in the American Civil War">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="South Carolina in the American Civil War">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Texas in the American Civil War">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Virginia in the American Civil War">Virginia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Dual governments</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_government_of_Kentucky" title="Confederate government of Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_government_of_Missouri" title="Confederate government of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Virginia in the American Civil War">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_government_of_West_Virginia" title="Confederate government of West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Territory</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Arizona" title="Confederate Arizona">Arizona Territory</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Allied tribes in<br /><a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Indian Territory in the American Civil War">Indian Territory</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Cherokee in the American Civil War">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw_Nation" title="Chickasaw Nation">Chickasaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Choctaw in the American Civil War">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscogee_(Creek)_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscogee (Creek) Nation">Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Seminole in the American Civil War">Seminole</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Confederate_states_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Template:Confederate states in the American Civil War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Confederate_states_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Confederate states in the American Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Confederate_states_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Confederate states in the American Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> significantly affected <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, with every county witnessing combat. During the War, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> state, and the last state to officially secede from the Union to join the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> had been threatening to secede since before the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a> was even formed, but didn’t officially do so until after <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Sumter" title="Battle of Fort Sumter">the fall of Fort Sumter</a> when public opinion throughout the state drastically shifted. <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> seceded in protest to <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">President Lincoln</a>'s April 15 Proclamation calling forth 75,000 members of state militias to suppress the rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tennessee provided the second largest number of troops for the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a>, and would also provide more <a href="/wiki/Southern_Unionist" title="Southern Unionist">southern unionist</a> soldiers for the <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a> than any other state within the Confederacy. </p><p>In February 1862, some of the war's first serious fighting took place along the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_River" title="Tennessee River">Tennessee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_River" title="Cumberland River">Cumberland</a> rivers, recognized as major military highways, and mountain passes such as <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Gap" title="Cumberland Gap">Cumberland Gap</a> were keenly competed-for by both sides. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shiloh" title="Battle of Shiloh">Battle of Shiloh</a> and the fighting along the Mississippi brought glory to the then little-known <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>, while his area commander <a href="/wiki/Henry_Halleck" title="Henry Halleck">Henry Halleck</a> was rewarded with a promotion to <a href="/wiki/General-in-Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="General-in-Chief">General-in-Chief</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Tullahoma_campaign" title="Tullahoma campaign">Tullahoma campaign</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/William_Rosecrans" title="William Rosecrans">William Rosecrans</a>, drove the Confederates from <a href="/wiki/Middle_Tennessee" title="Middle Tennessee">Middle Tennessee</a> so quickly that they did not take many casualties, and were strong enough to defeat Rosecrans soon afterward. At <a href="/wiki/Nashville" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashville">Nashville</a> in December 1864, <a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Thomas" title="George Henry Thomas">George Thomas</a> routed the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Tennessee" title="Army of Tennessee">Army of Tennessee</a> under <a href="/wiki/John_Bell_Hood" title="John Bell Hood">John Bell Hood</a>, the last major battle fought in the state. </p><p>In 1862, Lincoln chose to use his power as commander in chief to appoint <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> as the military governor of Tennessee.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordon-Reed69–70_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordon-Reed69–70-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years later, Lincoln selected him as a Southerner to balance the ticket in the <a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">1864 general election</a>. On <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Assassination of Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln's assassination</a>, Johnson was sworn in as president. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pro-Union_and_anti-Republican_sentiment_before_the_attack_on_Fort_Sumter">Pro-Union and anti-Republican sentiment before the attack on Fort Sumter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pro-Union and anti-Republican sentiment before the attack on Fort Sumter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JBell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/JBell.jpg/170px-JBell.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/JBell.jpg/255px-JBell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/JBell.jpg/340px-JBell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="737" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">John Bell</a> (1796–1869), 1860 <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Union Party (United States)">Constitutional Union Party</a> presidential candidate</figcaption></figure> <p>Initially, most Tennesseans showed little enthusiasm for breaking away from a nation whose struggles it had shared for so long. In 1860, they had voted by a slim margin for the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Union Party (United States)">Constitutional Unionist</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">John Bell</a>, a native son and moderate who continued to search for a way out of the crisis. </p><p>A vocal minority of Tennesseans spoke critically of the Northern states and the Lincoln presidency. "The people of the South are preparing for their next highest duty– resistance to coercion or invasion," wrote the Nashville <i>Daily Gazette</i> on January 5, 1861. The newspaper expressed the view that <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> were exercising the highest right of all by taking control of all <a href="/wiki/Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort">forts</a> and other military establishments within the area– the right to self-defense.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A pro-secessionist proposal was made in the Memphis <i>Appeal</i> to build a fort at <a href="/wiki/Randolph,_Tennessee" title="Randolph, Tennessee">Randolph, Tennessee</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Governor <a href="/wiki/Isham_G._Harris" title="Isham G. Harris">Isham G. Harris</a> convened an emergency session of the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_General_Assembly" title="Tennessee General Assembly">Tennessee General Assembly</a> in January 1861. During his speech before the legislative body on January 7, he described the secession of the Southern states as a crisis caused by "long continued agitation of the slavery question" and "actual and threatened aggressions of the Northern States ... upon the well-defined constitutions rights of the Southern citizen." He also expressed alarm at the growth of the "purely sectional" <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>, which he stated was bound together by the "uncompromising hostility to the rights and institutions of the fifteen Southern states." He identified numerous grievances with the Republican Party, blaming them for inducing slaves to run off by means of the <a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a>'s raids, and high taxes on slave labor.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harris agreed with the idea of popular sovereignty, that only the people within a state can determine whether or not slavery could exist within the boundaries of that state. Furthermore, he regarded laws passed by Congress that made U.S. territories non-slave states as taking territories away from the American people and making them solely for the North, territories from which "Southern men unable to live under a government which may by law recognize the free negro as his equal" were excluded. Governor Harris proposed holding a State Convention. A series of resolutions were presented in the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_House_of_Representatives" title="Tennessee House of Representatives">Tennessee House of Representatives</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_H._Wisener" title="William H. Wisener">William H. Wisener</a> against the proposal. He declared passing any law reorganizing and arming the state militia to be inexpedient. </p><p>The centrality of the question of slavery to the secession movement was not doubted by people at the time of the Civil War, nor was it ignored by the contemporary press. Especially in the case of the pro-slavery papers, this question of the possibility of the eventual granting of equal rights for people of color was not couched in diplomatic phraseology: </p> <blockquote><p>The election, be it remembered, takes place on the 9th, and the Delegates meet in Convention on the 25th instant. If you desire to wait until you are tied hand and foot then vote for the men who advocate the 'watch and wait' policy. <i>If you think you have rights and are the superiors of the black man</i> then vote for the men who will not sell you out, body and soul to the Yankee Republicans - for men who would rather see Tennessee independent out of the Union, then in the Union subjugated. [emphasis in original]<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>On February 3, 1861, the pro-Union Knoxville <i>Whig</i> published a "Secret Circular" that had mistakenly been sent by its authors to a pro-Union Tennessee U.S. Postmaster. In it was revealed a comprehensive plan by pro-slavery Tennesseans and others to launch a propaganda campaign to convince Tennesseans that the strength of the pro-secessionist movement was overwhelming: </p> <blockquote><p> Dear Sir — Our earnest solicitude for the success of the Great Southern Rights movement to secure an immediate release from the overwhelming dangers that imperil our political and social safety, will we trust, be a sufficient apology for the results which we beg to impose on you. The sentiment of the Southern heart is overwhelming in favor of the movement. Light only is wanted that men many see their way clearly and the prayer of every true patriot will eventually be realized. Tennessee will be a unit. Although the time be so very short, this object may yet be accomplished, if a few men only, (the more the better, however) in each county, will devote their entire energies to it during the canvass for Delegates. We earnestly beg your attention, therefore, to the following suggestions: </p><ol><li>Be sure to have your best men in the field, WITHOUT REGARD TO PAST POLITICAL OPINIONS.</li> <li>Be sure that no submissionist, under whatever pretext of compromising our rights, or of waiting beyond the 4th of March for new guarantees, impose himself on you. Our only hope of peace and safety consists in decided action before the inauguration of Mr. Lincoln.</li> <li>Do not wait for general meetings of citizens, but get together immediately a few active, intelligent, discreet but thoroughgoing, uncompromising, true-hearted, "Southern-Rights Anti-Coercion" friends and appoint Committees and Canvassers, who are willing to devote themselves entirely and unceasingly to the great and perilous work, from this hour up to the close of the election.</li> <li>Appoint Committees, also, for each Civil District, of men known to coincide with you and ourselves in sentiment.</li> <li>Organize, forthwith, Southern Rights Anti-Coercion Societies.</li> <li>We will send during the canvass, the UNION AND AMERICAN and GAZETTE, to supply your County. These we confidently trust you will send immediately to the District Committees, who on the hour of delivery, start out on the work of distribution, and this though there be but half a dozen copies for each district. Do not, we beg of you, wait for persons to call for documents, of papers to read and CIRCULATE.</li> <li>Write as many letters to your friends [as] possible, and urge them by every consideration of patriotism, to work, work, work.</li></ol> <p>[...] We can, we must, carry our State. Our hearts would link within us, at the bare thought of the degradations and infamy of abandoning our more Southern brethren united to us by all the views so sympathy and interest, and of being chained to the car of Black Republican States, who would themselves despise us for our submission; and worse than all, by moral influences alone, if not by force of legal enactment destroy our entire social fabric, and all real independence of thought and action. <i><b>Your own good judgment will suggest many things we can not now allude to.</b></i> [emphasis added] <br />Very Respectfully, <br />[Signed]Wm. Williams, Chm'n./S. C. Goethall [?], Sec'y,/Andrew Cheatham/J. R. Baus [?]/R. H. Williamson/G. W. Cunningham/H. M. Cheatham, W. S. Peppin <br /> States Central Southern Rights Anti-Coercion Committee<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>In Memphis, Unionists held two torchlight processions to honor their cause. The secessionists replied with their own demonstrations and a celebratory ball.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That week, on February 9, the state of Tennessee was to vote on whether or not to send delegates to a State Convention that would decide on secession.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The General Assembly convened by Governor Isham Harris did not believe it had the authority to call a State Convention without a vote of the people.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1861, 54 percent of the state's voters voted against sending delegates to a secession convention, defeating the proposal for a State Convention by a vote of 69,675 to 57,798. If a State Convention had been held, it would have been very heavily pro-Union. 88,803 votes were cast for Unionist candidates and 22,749 votes were cast for Secession candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That day the American flag was displayed in "every section of the city," with zeal equal to that which existed during the late 1860 presidential campaign, wrote the Nashville <i>Daily Gazette</i>. The proponents of the slavocracy were embarrassed, demoralized and politically disoriented but not willing to admit defeat: "Whatever may be the result of the difficulties which at present agitate our country - whether we are to be united in our common destiny or whether two Republics shall take the place of that which has stood for nearly a century, the admired of all nations we will still bow with reverence to the sight of the stars and stripes, and recognize it as the standard around which the sons of liberty can rally [...]. And if the remonstrances of the people of the South-pleading and begging for redress for years-does not in this critical moment, arouse her brethren of the North to a sense of justice and right, and honor demands a separation, we would still have the same claims upon the 'colors of Washington, great son of the South, and of Virginia, mother of the States.' Let us not abandon the stars and stripes under which Southern men have so often been led to victory."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "On the corner across from the newspaper office, a crowd had gathered around a bagpipe player playing <i><a href="/wiki/Yankee_Doodle" title="Yankee Doodle">Yankee Doodle</a></i>, after which ex-mayor John Hugh Smith gave a speech that was received with loud cheers.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a letter to Democratic senator <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a>, the publisher of the Clarksville (TN) <i>Jeffersonian</i>, C.O. Faxon,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> surmised that the margin by which the "No Convention" vote won would have been even greater, had Union men not been afraid that if a State Convention were not called then, then Isham Harris would have again called for a State Convention when more state legislators were "infected with the secession epidemic" [...] " Gov Harris is Check mated [sic]. The Union maj[ority] in the State will almost defy computation [.] So far as heard from the disunionist have carried by a single precinct. The Union and American [Nashville, TN pro-secessionist paper<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>] Stands rebuked and damned before the people of the State"<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 7, the Memphis <i>Daily Appeal</i> wrote that the abolitionists were attempting to deprive the South of territories won during the <a href="/wiki/U.S.-Mexican_War" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S.-Mexican War">U.S.-Mexican War</a>. It pointed out that the slave states had furnished twice as many volunteers as the free states and territories, though it did not note that slave states were the ones who most supported the war.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 19, the editors of the Clarksville <i>Chronicle</i> endorsed a pro-Union candidate for state senator in Robertson, Montgomery, and Stewart counties.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 2, the Memphis <i>Daily Appeal</i> ran a satirical obituary for <a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a>, proclaiming him to have died of "irrepressible conflict disease," after having met Abraham Lincoln.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One <a href="/wiki/Robertson_County,_Tennessee" title="Robertson County, Tennessee">Robertson County</a> slave owner complained that she could not rent her slaves out for "half [of what] they were worth" because "the negros think when Lincoln takes his last, they will all be free."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reaction_to_the_attack_on_Fort_Sumter">Reaction to the attack on Fort Sumter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reaction to the attack on Fort Sumter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the attack on <a href="/wiki/Fort_Sumter" title="Fort Sumter">Fort Sumter</a> on April 12, 1861, followed by Lincoln's April 15 call for 75,000 volunteers to put the seceded states back into line, public sentiment turned dramatically against the Union. </p><p>Historian Daniel Crofts thus reports: </p> <dl><dd><i>Unionists of all descriptions, both those who became Confederates and those who did not, considered the proclamation calling for seventy-five thousand troops "disastrous." Having consulted personally with Lincoln in March, Congressman <a href="/wiki/Horace_Maynard" title="Horace Maynard">Horace Maynard</a>, the unconditional Unionist and future Republican from East Tennessee, felt assured that the administration would pursue a peaceful policy. Soon after April 15, a dismayed Maynard reported that "the President's extraordinary proclamation" had unleashed "a tornado of excitement that seems likely to sweep us all away." Men who had "heretofore been cool, firm and Union loving" had become "perfectly wild" and were "aroused to a frenzy of passion." For what purpose, they asked, could such an army be wanted "but to invade, overrun and subjugate the Southern states." The growing war spirit in the North further convinced southerners that they would have to "fight for our hearthstones and the security of home."</i> <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>In May 1861, the governor of Tennessee <a href="/wiki/Isham_G._Harris" title="Isham G. Harris">Isham G. Harris</a> defied the United States Government by beginning military mobilization, submitting a <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">ordinance</a> of <a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">secession</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_General_Assembly" title="Tennessee General Assembly">General Assembly</a>, and made direct overtures to the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> government all before the state officially seceded.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tennessee_secedes">Tennessee secedes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tennessee secedes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Results_of_the_June_8,_1861_Referendum_in_Tennessee.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Results_of_the_June_8%2C_1861_Referendum_in_Tennessee.svg/220px-Results_of_the_June_8%2C_1861_Referendum_in_Tennessee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Results_of_the_June_8%2C_1861_Referendum_in_Tennessee.svg/330px-Results_of_the_June_8%2C_1861_Referendum_in_Tennessee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Results_of_the_June_8%2C_1861_Referendum_in_Tennessee.svg/440px-Results_of_the_June_8%2C_1861_Referendum_in_Tennessee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="841" data-file-height="181" /></a><figcaption>Results of the June 8, 1861, referendum by county. Redder counties voted more for secession, and bluer counties voted more against secession. Counties in black have no data.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the June 8, 1861, referendum, <a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee" title="East Tennessee">East Tennessee</a> held firm against separation, while <a href="/wiki/West_Tennessee" title="West Tennessee">West Tennessee</a> returned an equally heavy majority in favor. The deciding vote came in <a href="/wiki/Middle_Tennessee" title="Middle Tennessee">Middle Tennessee</a>, which went from 51 percent against secession in February to 88 percent in favor in June. The voting was accused of being fraudulent; in some counties in East Tennessee Unionists threatened violence against those voting for secession, while in other places soldiers remained at the polls to hiss at those with a Unionist ballot.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Having ratified by popular vote its connection with the fledgling <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a>, Tennessee became the last state to declare formally its withdrawal from the Union. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_campaigns">Major campaigns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Major campaigns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1862">1862</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1862"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Control of the <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_River" title="Cumberland River">Cumberland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_River" title="Tennessee River">Tennessee Rivers</a> was important in gaining control of Tennessee during the age of <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamboats</a>. Tennessee relied on northbound riverboats to receive staple commodities from the Cumberland and Tennessee valleys.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The idea of using the rivers to breach the Confederate defense line in the West was well known by the end of 1861; Union gunboats had been scanning Confederate fort-building on the twin rivers for months before the campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> captured control of the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers in February 1862 and held off the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> counterattack at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shiloh" title="Battle of Shiloh">Shiloh</a> in April of the same year. </p><p>Capture of <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a> gave the Union control of the Western and Middle <a href="/wiki/Grand_Divisions_(Tennessee)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Divisions (Tennessee)">sections</a>. Control was confirmed at the battle of <a href="/wiki/Murfreesboro,_Tennessee" title="Murfreesboro, Tennessee">Murfreesboro</a> in early January 1863. After Nashville was captured (the first Confederate state capitol to fall) Andrew Johnson, an East Tennessean from <a href="/wiki/Greeneville,_Tennessee" title="Greeneville, Tennessee">Greeneville</a>, was appointed military governor of the state by Lincoln. During this time, the military government abolished <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a> (but with questionable legality). The Confederates continued to hold East Tennessee despite the strength of Unionist sentiment there, with the exception of strongly pro-Confederate <a href="/wiki/Sullivan_County,_Tennessee" title="Sullivan County, Tennessee">Sullivan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhea_County,_Tennessee" title="Rhea County, Tennessee">Rhea</a> Counties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1863">1863</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1863"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After winning a victory at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chickamauga" title="Battle of Chickamauga">Chickamauga</a> in September 1863, the Confederates besieged <a href="/wiki/Chattanooga,_Tennessee" title="Chattanooga, Tennessee">Chattanooga</a> but were finally driven off by Grant in November. Many of the Confederate defeats can be attributed to the poor leadership of General <a href="/wiki/Braxton_Bragg" title="Braxton Bragg">Braxton Bragg</a>, who led the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Army of Tennessee</a> from <a href="/wiki/Shiloh,_Hardin_County,_Tennessee" title="Shiloh, Hardin County, Tennessee">Shiloh</a> to the Confederate defeat in the <a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_campaign" title="Chattanooga campaign">Chattanooga campaign</a>. Historian Thomas Connelly concludes that although Bragg was an able planner and a skillful organizer, he failed repeatedly in operations, in part because he was unable to collaborate effectively with his subordinates.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1864">1864</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1864"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The last major battles came when General <a href="/wiki/John_Bell_Hood" title="John Bell Hood">John Bell Hood</a> led the Confederates north in November 1864. He was checked at <a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Tennessee" title="Franklin, Tennessee">Franklin</a>, and his army <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Franklin_(1864)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Franklin (1864)">was virtually destroyed</a> by <a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Thomas" title="George Henry Thomas">George Thomas</a>'s greatly superior forces at Nashville in December. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battles_in_Tennessee">Battles in Tennessee</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Battles in Tennessee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:299px;max-width:299px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:297px;max-width:297px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Fort_Henry_1862.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Battle_of_Fort_Henry_1862.jpg/295px-Battle_of_Fort_Henry_1862.jpg" decoding="async" width="295" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Battle_of_Fort_Henry_1862.jpg/443px-Battle_of_Fort_Henry_1862.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Battle_of_Fort_Henry_1862.jpg/590px-Battle_of_Fort_Henry_1862.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="487" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i> <b>Bombardment and Capture of Fort Henry, Tenn.</b> </i> by <a href="/wiki/Currier_and_Ives" title="Currier and Ives">Currier & Ives</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:297px;max-width:297px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Nashville_Kurz_%26_Allison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Battle_of_Nashville_Kurz_%26_Allison.jpg/295px-Battle_of_Nashville_Kurz_%26_Allison.jpg" decoding="async" width="295" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Battle_of_Nashville_Kurz_%26_Allison.jpg/443px-Battle_of_Nashville_Kurz_%26_Allison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Battle_of_Nashville_Kurz_%26_Allison.jpg/590px-Battle_of_Nashville_Kurz_%26_Allison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1255" data-file-height="870" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i> <b>Battle of Nashville</b> </i> by <a href="/wiki/Kurz_and_Allison" title="Kurz and Allison">Kurz & Allison</a></div></div></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anthony%27s_Hill" title="Battle of Anthony's Hill">Anthony's Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bean%27s_Station" title="Battle of Bean's Station">Bean's Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blountville" title="Battle of Blountville">Blountville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blue_Springs" title="Battle of Blue Springs">Blue Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brentwood" title="Battle of Brentwood">Brentwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britton%27s_Lane" title="Battle of Britton's Lane">Britton's Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brown%27s_Ferry" title="Battle of Brown's Ferry">Brown's Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bull%27s_Gap" title="Battle of Bull's Gap">Bull's Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Campbell%27s_Station" title="Battle of Campbell's Station">Campbell's Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chattanooga_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Chattanooga I">First Battle of Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chattanooga_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Chattanooga II">Second Battle of Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chattanooga_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Chattanooga III">Third Battle of Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Collierville" title="Battle of Collierville">Collierville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Columbia" title="Battle of Columbia">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dandridge" title="Battle of Dandridge">Dandridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dover_(1863)" title="Battle of Dover (1863)">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fair_Garden" title="Battle of Fair Garden">Fair Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Farmington,_Tennessee" title="Battle of Farmington, Tennessee">Farmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Donelson" title="Battle of Fort Donelson">Fort Donelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Henry" title="Battle of Fort Henry">Fort Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Pillow" title="Battle of Fort Pillow">Fort Pillow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Sanders" title="Battle of Fort Sanders">Fort Sanders</a> (a.k.a. Fort Loudon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Franklin_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Franklin I">First Battle of Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Franklin_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Franklin II">Second Battle of Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hartsville" title="Battle of Hartsville">Hartsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hatchie%27s_Bridge" title="Battle of Hatchie's Bridge">Hatchie's Bridge</a> (a.k.a. Davis Bridge or Matamoro)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hoover%27s_Gap" title="Battle of Hoover's Gap">Hoover's Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Island_Number_Ten" title="Battle of Island Number Ten">Island Number Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jackson_(TN)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jackson (TN)">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Johnsonville" title="Battle of Johnsonville">Johnsonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lebanon_(1862)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Lebanon (1862)">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lexington,_Tennessee" title="Battle of Lexington, Tennessee">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Liberty_Gap" title="Battle of Liberty Gap">Liberty Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Memphis" title="First Battle of Memphis">First Battle of Memphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Memphis" title="Second Battle of Memphis">Second Battle of Memphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Morristown" title="Battle of Morristown">Morristown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mossy_Creek" title="Battle of Mossy Creek">Mossy Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Murfreesboro_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Murfreesboro I">First Battle of Murfreesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Murfreesboro_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Murfreesboro III">Third Battle of Murfreesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nashville" title="Battle of Nashville">Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Parker%27s_Cross_Roads" title="Battle of Parker's Cross Roads">Parker's Cross Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plum_Point_Bend" title="Battle of Plum Point Bend">Plum Point Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Riggins_Hill" title="Battle of Riggins Hill">Riggins Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rogersville" title="Battle of Rogersville">Battle of Rogersville</a> (a.k.a. Big Creek)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shiloh" title="Battle of Shiloh">Shiloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Spring_Hill" title="Battle of Spring Hill">Spring Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stones_River" title="Battle of Stones River">Stones River</a> (a.k.a. Second Battle of Murfreesboro)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thompson%27s_Station" title="Battle of Thompson's Station">Thompson's Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vaught%27s_Hill" title="Battle of Vaught's Hill">Vaught's Hill</a> (a.k.a. Milton)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wauhatchie" title="Battle of Wauhatchie">Wauhatchie</a> (a.k.a. Brown's Berry)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Confederate_leaders_from_Tennessee">Notable Confederate leaders from Tennessee</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notable Confederate leaders from Tennessee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JHRegan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="C.S. Postmaster Gen. John Henninger Reagan"><img alt="C.S. Postmaster Gen. John Henninger Reagan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/JHRegan.jpg/83px-JHRegan.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/JHRegan.jpg/124px-JHRegan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/JHRegan.jpg/166px-JHRegan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="845" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">C.S. Postmaster Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/John_Henninger_Reagan" class="mw-redirect" title="John Henninger Reagan">John Henninger Reagan</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nathan_B._Forrest_-_LOCc.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lt. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest"><img alt="Lt. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nathan_B._Forrest_-_LOCc.jpg/98px-Nathan_B._Forrest_-_LOCc.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nathan_B._Forrest_-_LOCc.jpg/146px-Nathan_B._Forrest_-_LOCc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nathan_B._Forrest_-_LOCc.jpg/195px-Nathan_B._Forrest_-_LOCc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="678" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Lt. Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Bedford_Forrest" title="Nathan Bedford Forrest">Nathan Bedford Forrest</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_General_Leonidas_Polk,_C.S.A.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lt. Gen. Leonidas Polk"><img alt="Lt. Gen. Leonidas Polk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Portrait_of_General_Leonidas_Polk%2C_C.S.A.jpg/77px-Portrait_of_General_Leonidas_Polk%2C_C.S.A.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Portrait_of_General_Leonidas_Polk%2C_C.S.A.jpg/116px-Portrait_of_General_Leonidas_Polk%2C_C.S.A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Portrait_of_General_Leonidas_Polk%2C_C.S.A.jpg/155px-Portrait_of_General_Leonidas_Polk%2C_C.S.A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="1429" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Lt. Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/Leonidas_Polk" title="Leonidas Polk">Leonidas Polk</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_F._Cheatham_05989v.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lt. Gen. Benjamin F. Cheatham"><img alt="Lt. Gen. Benjamin F. Cheatham" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Benjamin_F._Cheatham_05989v.jpg/82px-Benjamin_F._Cheatham_05989v.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Benjamin_F._Cheatham_05989v.jpg/123px-Benjamin_F._Cheatham_05989v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Benjamin_F._Cheatham_05989v.jpg/164px-Benjamin_F._Cheatham_05989v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="872" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Lt. Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Cheatham" title="Benjamin F. Cheatham">Benjamin F. Cheatham</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_P_Stewart.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Lt. Gen. Alexander P. Stewart"><img alt="Lt. Gen. Alexander P. Stewart" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Alexander_P_Stewart.gif/76px-Alexander_P_Stewart.gif" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Alexander_P_Stewart.gif/114px-Alexander_P_Stewart.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Alexander_P_Stewart.gif 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="236" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Lt. Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/Alexander_P._Stewart" title="Alexander P. Stewart">Alexander P. Stewart</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gen._William_B._Bate.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maj. Gen. William B. Bate"><img alt="Maj. Gen. William B. Bate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Gen._William_B._Bate.jpg/79px-Gen._William_B._Bate.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Gen._William_B._Bate.jpg/118px-Gen._William_B._Bate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Gen._William_B._Bate.jpg/158px-Gen._William_B._Bate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="233" data-file-height="354" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Maj. Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/William_B._Bate" title="William B. Bate">William B. Bate</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JCBrown-tn-gov-gen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maj. Gen. John C. Brown"><img alt="Maj. Gen. John C. Brown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/JCBrown-tn-gov-gen.jpg/85px-JCBrown-tn-gov-gen.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/JCBrown-tn-gov-gen.jpg/127px-JCBrown-tn-gov-gen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/JCBrown-tn-gov-gen.jpg/170px-JCBrown-tn-gov-gen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="349" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Maj. Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/John_C._Brown" title="John C. Brown">John C. Brown</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSFoote.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sen. Henry S. Foote"><img alt="Sen. Henry S. Foote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/HSFoote.jpg/90px-HSFoote.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/HSFoote.jpg/135px-HSFoote.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/HSFoote.jpg/179px-HSFoote.jpg 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="795" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Sen.<br /><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Foote" title="Henry S. Foote">Henry S. Foote</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Isham_G._Harris_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gov. Isham G. Harris"><img alt="Gov. Isham G. Harris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Isham_G._Harris_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/105px-Isham_G._Harris_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Isham_G._Harris_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/158px-Isham_G._Harris_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Isham_G._Harris_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/210px-Isham_G._Harris_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2525" data-file-height="2883" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Gov.<br /><a href="/wiki/Isham_G._Harris" title="Isham G. Harris">Isham G. Harris</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hatton-Robert-H.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="TN House of Rep. & Brig. Gen. Robert H. Hatton"><img alt="TN House of Rep. & Brig. Gen. Robert H. Hatton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Hatton-Robert-H.jpg/96px-Hatton-Robert-H.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Hatton-Robert-H.jpg/144px-Hatton-Robert-H.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Hatton-Robert-H.jpg/192px-Hatton-Robert-H.jpg 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="586" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">TN House of Rep. & Brig. Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Hatton" title="Robert H. Hatton">Robert H. Hatton</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_C._Moore.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General John C. Moore"><img alt="Brigadier General John C. Moore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/John_C._Moore.jpg/100px-John_C._Moore.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/John_C._Moore.jpg/150px-John_C._Moore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/John_C._Moore.jpg/200px-John_C._Moore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/John_Creed_Moore" title="John Creed Moore">John C. Moore</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Henry_Carroll.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General William H. Carroll"><img alt="Brigadier General William H. Carroll" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/William_Henry_Carroll.jpg/92px-William_Henry_Carroll.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/William_Henry_Carroll.jpg/138px-William_Henry_Carroll.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/William_Henry_Carroll.jpg/184px-William_Henry_Carroll.jpg 2x" data-file-width="833" data-file-height="1084" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/William_H._Carroll" class="mw-redirect" title="William H. Carroll">William H. Carroll</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Maney.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General George Maney"><img alt="Brigadier General George Maney" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/George_Maney.jpg/86px-George_Maney.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/George_Maney.jpg/129px-George_Maney.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/George_Maney.jpg/171px-George_Maney.jpg 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="347" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/George_Maney" class="mw-redirect" title="George Maney">George Maney</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_M._Shelley.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General Charles M. Shelley"><img alt="Brigadier General Charles M. Shelley" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Charles_M._Shelley.jpg/97px-Charles_M._Shelley.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Charles_M._Shelley.jpg/145px-Charles_M._Shelley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Charles_M._Shelley.jpg/193px-Charles_M._Shelley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="282" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Shelley" title="Charles M. Shelley">Charles M. Shelley</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WRScurry.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General William Read Scurry"><img alt="Brigadier General William Read Scurry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/WRScurry.jpg/82px-WRScurry.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/WRScurry.jpg/123px-WRScurry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/WRScurry.jpg/165px-WRScurry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="348" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/William_Read_Scurry" title="William Read Scurry">William Read Scurry</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Gideon_Johnson_Pillow.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General Gideon J. Pillow"><img alt="Brigadier General Gideon J. Pillow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/General_Gideon_Johnson_Pillow.jpg/98px-General_Gideon_Johnson_Pillow.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/General_Gideon_Johnson_Pillow.jpg/147px-General_Gideon_Johnson_Pillow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/General_Gideon_Johnson_Pillow.jpg/196px-General_Gideon_Johnson_Pillow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4042" data-file-height="4944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/Gideon_J._Pillow" class="mw-redirect" title="Gideon J. Pillow">Gideon J. Pillow</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Vinkler_Richardson.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General Robert V. Richardson"><img alt="Brigadier General Robert V. Richardson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Robert_Vinkler_Richardson.jpg/92px-Robert_Vinkler_Richardson.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Robert_Vinkler_Richardson.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="114" data-file-height="149" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/Robert_V._Richardson" title="Robert V. Richardson">Robert V. Richardson</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_A._Smith.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General James A. Smith"><img alt="Brigadier General James A. Smith" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/James_A._Smith.jpg/88px-James_A._Smith.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/James_A._Smith.jpg/132px-James_A._Smith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/James_A._Smith.jpg/176px-James_A._Smith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/James_Argyle_Smith" title="James Argyle Smith">James A. Smith</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Preston_Smith.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General Preston Smith"><img alt="Brigadier General Preston Smith" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Preston_Smith.jpg/86px-Preston_Smith.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Preston_Smith.jpg/129px-Preston_Smith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Preston_Smith.jpg/172px-Preston_Smith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/Preston_Smith_(general)" title="Preston Smith (general)">Preston Smith</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_B._Smith.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General Thomas B. Smith"><img alt="Brigadier General Thomas B. Smith" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Thomas_B._Smith.jpg/81px-Thomas_B._Smith.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Thomas_B._Smith.jpg/122px-Thomas_B._Smith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Thomas_B._Smith.jpg/163px-Thomas_B._Smith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Benton_Smith" title="Thomas Benton Smith">Thomas B. Smith</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gen._John_Crawford_Vaughn.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General John C. Vaughn"><img alt="Brigadier General John C. Vaughn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gen._John_Crawford_Vaughn.jpg/93px-Gen._John_Crawford_Vaughn.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gen._John_Crawford_Vaughn.jpg/139px-Gen._John_Crawford_Vaughn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gen._John_Crawford_Vaughn.jpg/186px-Gen._John_Crawford_Vaughn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="751" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/John_C._Vaughn" title="John C. Vaughn">John C. Vaughn</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LMWalker.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General Lucius M. Walker"><img alt="Brigadier General Lucius M. Walker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/LMWalker.jpg/91px-LMWalker.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/LMWalker.jpg/136px-LMWalker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/LMWalker.jpg/182px-LMWalker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="348" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/Lucius_M._Walker" title="Lucius M. Walker">Lucius M. Walker</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcus_Joseph_Wright.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General Marcus J. Wright"><img alt="Brigadier General Marcus J. Wright" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Marcus_Joseph_Wright.jpg/83px-Marcus_Joseph_Wright.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Marcus_Joseph_Wright.jpg/124px-Marcus_Joseph_Wright.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Marcus_Joseph_Wright.jpg/166px-Marcus_Joseph_Wright.jpg 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="347" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/Marcus_J._Wright" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus J. Wright">Marcus J. Wright</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Felix_Zollicoffer-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General Felix Zollicoffer"><img alt="Brigadier General Felix Zollicoffer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Felix_Zollicoffer-1.jpg/80px-Felix_Zollicoffer-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Felix_Zollicoffer-1.jpg/120px-Felix_Zollicoffer-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Felix_Zollicoffer-1.jpg/160px-Felix_Zollicoffer-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2078" data-file-height="3122" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/Felix_Zollicoffer" title="Felix Zollicoffer">Felix Zollicoffer</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:J_B_Palmer_CSA_ACW.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General Joseph B. Palmer"><img alt="Brigadier General Joseph B. Palmer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/J_B_Palmer_CSA_ACW.jpg/87px-J_B_Palmer_CSA_ACW.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/J_B_Palmer_CSA_ACW.jpg/130px-J_B_Palmer_CSA_ACW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/J_B_Palmer_CSA_ACW.jpg/174px-J_B_Palmer_CSA_ACW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="340" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Palmer" title="Joseph B. Palmer">Joseph B. Palmer</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Hicks_Jackson.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General William H. Jackson"><img alt="Brigadier General William H. Jackson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/William_Hicks_Jackson.jpg/95px-William_Hicks_Jackson.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/William_Hicks_Jackson.jpg/142px-William_Hicks_Jackson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/William_Hicks_Jackson.jpg/190px-William_Hicks_Jackson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="354" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/William_Hicks_Jackson" title="William Hicks Jackson">William H. Jackson</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samue_Benton.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General Samuel Benton"><img alt="Brigadier General Samuel Benton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Samue_Benton.jpg/76px-Samue_Benton.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Samue_Benton.jpg/114px-Samue_Benton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Samue_Benton.jpg/152px-Samue_Benton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="1201" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Benton" title="Samuel Benton">Samuel Benton</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_B._Davidson.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General Henry B. Davidson"><img alt="Brigadier General Henry B. Davidson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Henry_B._Davidson.jpg/86px-Henry_B._Davidson.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Henry_B._Davidson.jpg/129px-Henry_B._Davidson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Henry_B._Davidson.jpg/172px-Henry_B._Davidson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="335" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/Henry_Brevard_Davidson" title="Henry Brevard Davidson">Henry B. Davidson</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_P._Hardeman.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General William P. Hardeman"><img alt="Brigadier General William P. Hardeman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/William_P._Hardeman.jpg/89px-William_P._Hardeman.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/William_P._Hardeman.jpg/133px-William_P._Hardeman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/William_P._Hardeman.jpg/178px-William_P._Hardeman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="347" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/William_Polk_Hardeman" title="William Polk Hardeman">William P. Hardeman</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:McCullochBenjamin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General Benjamin McCulloch"><img alt="Brigadier General Benjamin McCulloch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/McCullochBenjamin.jpg/90px-McCullochBenjamin.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/McCullochBenjamin.jpg/135px-McCullochBenjamin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/McCullochBenjamin.jpg/180px-McCullochBenjamin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="208" data-file-height="277" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_McCulloch" title="Benjamin McCulloch">Benjamin McCulloch</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_C._Tappan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General James C. Tappan"><img alt="Brigadier General James C. Tappan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/James_C._Tappan.jpg/99px-James_C._Tappan.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/James_C._Tappan.jpg/149px-James_C._Tappan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/James_C._Tappan.jpg/198px-James_C._Tappan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="585" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/James_Camp_Tappan" title="James Camp Tappan">James C. Tappan</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lucius_E_Polk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General Lucius E. Polk"><img alt="Brigadier General Lucius E. Polk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Lucius_E_Polk.jpg/86px-Lucius_E_Polk.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Lucius_E_Polk.jpg/129px-Lucius_E_Polk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Lucius_E_Polk.jpg/172px-Lucius_E_Polk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="348" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Eugene_Polk" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Eugene Polk">Lucius E. Polk</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_DeWitt_Clinton_Atkins_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lt. Colonel John DeWitt Clinton Atkins"><img alt="Lt. Colonel John DeWitt Clinton Atkins" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/John_DeWitt_Clinton_Atkins_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/84px-John_DeWitt_Clinton_Atkins_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/John_DeWitt_Clinton_Atkins_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/126px-John_DeWitt_Clinton_Atkins_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/John_DeWitt_Clinton_Atkins_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/168px-John_DeWitt_Clinton_Atkins_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2888" data-file-height="4120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Lt. Colonel<br /><a href="/wiki/John_DeWitt_Clinton_Atkins" class="mw-redirect" title="John DeWitt Clinton Atkins">John DeWitt Clinton Atkins</a></div></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Union_leaders_from_Tennessee">Notable Union leaders from Tennessee</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notable Union leaders from Tennessee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Andrew_Johnson_standing.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="President Andrew Johnson"><img alt="President Andrew Johnson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/President_Andrew_Johnson_standing.jpg/90px-President_Andrew_Johnson_standing.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/President_Andrew_Johnson_standing.jpg/135px-President_Andrew_Johnson_standing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/President_Andrew_Johnson_standing.jpg/181px-President_Andrew_Johnson_standing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="457" data-file-height="607" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">President<br /><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Selby_Harney_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bvt. Maj. Gen. William S. Harney"><img alt="Bvt. Maj. Gen. William S. Harney" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/William_Selby_Harney_1.jpg/82px-William_Selby_Harney_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/William_Selby_Harney_1.jpg/123px-William_Selby_Harney_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/William_Selby_Harney_1.jpg/163px-William_Selby_Harney_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="229" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Bvt. Maj. Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/William_S._Harney" title="William S. Harney">William S. Harney</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SPCarter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rear Adm. & Brig. Gen. Samuel P. Carter"><img alt="Rear Adm. & Brig. Gen. Samuel P. Carter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/SPCarter.jpg/81px-SPCarter.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/SPCarter.jpg/122px-SPCarter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/SPCarter.jpg/162px-SPCarter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="347" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Rear Adm. & Brig. Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Carter" title="Samuel P. Carter">Samuel P. Carter</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James-gallant-spears.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General James G. Spears"><img alt="Brigadier General James G. Spears" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/James-gallant-spears.jpg/106px-James-gallant-spears.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/James-gallant-spears.jpg/159px-James-gallant-spears.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/James-gallant-spears.jpg/212px-James-gallant-spears.jpg 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="346" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/James_G._Spears" title="James G. Spears">James G. Spears</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Campbell-william-by-wb-cooper.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General William B. Campbell"><img alt="Brigadier General William B. Campbell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Campbell-william-by-wb-cooper.jpg/100px-Campbell-william-by-wb-cooper.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Campbell-william-by-wb-cooper.jpg/150px-Campbell-william-by-wb-cooper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Campbell-william-by-wb-cooper.jpg/200px-Campbell-william-by-wb-cooper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/William_B._Campbell" title="William B. Campbell">William B. Campbell</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ACGillem.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brigadier General Alvan C. Gillem"><img alt="Brigadier General Alvan C. Gillem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/ACGillem.jpg/84px-ACGillem.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/ACGillem.jpg/127px-ACGillem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/ACGillem.jpg/169px-ACGillem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="348" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brigadier General<br /><a href="/wiki/Alvan_C._Gillem" class="mw-redirect" title="Alvan C. Gillem">Alvan C. Gillem</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Jay_Smith_(Tennessee_politician).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bvt. Brig. Gen. William Jay Smith"><img alt="Bvt. Brig. Gen. William Jay Smith" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/William_Jay_Smith_%28Tennessee_politician%29.jpg/84px-William_Jay_Smith_%28Tennessee_politician%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/William_Jay_Smith_%28Tennessee_politician%29.jpg/127px-William_Jay_Smith_%28Tennessee_politician%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/William_Jay_Smith_%28Tennessee_politician%29.jpg/169px-William_Jay_Smith_%28Tennessee_politician%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="179" data-file-height="254" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Bvt. Brig. Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/William_Jay_Smith_(Tennessee_politician)" title="William Jay Smith (Tennessee politician)">William Jay Smith</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Felix_Alexander_Reeve_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Colonel Felix A. Reeve"><img alt="Colonel Felix A. Reeve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Felix_Alexander_Reeve_2.jpg/91px-Felix_Alexander_Reeve_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Felix_Alexander_Reeve_2.jpg/136px-Felix_Alexander_Reeve_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Felix_Alexander_Reeve_2.jpg/182px-Felix_Alexander_Reeve_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="308" data-file-height="406" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Colonel<br /><a href="/wiki/Felix_A._Reeve" title="Felix A. Reeve">Felix A. Reeve</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dan_Ellis_(Unionist).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Capt. & Guerrilla Daniel Ellis"><img alt="Capt. & Guerrilla Daniel Ellis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Dan_Ellis_%28Unionist%29.jpg/84px-Dan_Ellis_%28Unionist%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Dan_Ellis_%28Unionist%29.jpg/126px-Dan_Ellis_%28Unionist%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Dan_Ellis_%28Unionist%29.jpg/168px-Dan_Ellis_%28Unionist%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="569" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Capt. & Guerrilla<br /><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ellis_(Unionist)" title="Daniel Ellis (Unionist)">Daniel Ellis</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IsaacRobertsHawkins.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="U.S. House of Rep. & Lt. Col. Isaac R. Hawkins"><img alt="U.S. House of Rep. & Lt. Col. Isaac R. Hawkins" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/IsaacRobertsHawkins.jpg/91px-IsaacRobertsHawkins.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/IsaacRobertsHawkins.jpg/137px-IsaacRobertsHawkins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/IsaacRobertsHawkins.jpg/182px-IsaacRobertsHawkins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1421" data-file-height="1870" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">U.S. House of Rep. & Lt. Col.<br /><a href="/wiki/Isaac_R._Hawkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac R. Hawkins">Isaac R. Hawkins</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Admiral_David_G_Farragut.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rear Admiral David G. Farragut"><img alt="Rear Admiral David G. Farragut" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Admiral_David_G_Farragut.jpg/87px-Admiral_David_G_Farragut.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Admiral_David_G_Farragut.jpg/130px-Admiral_David_G_Farragut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Admiral_David_G_Farragut.jpg/174px-Admiral_David_G_Farragut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2172" data-file-height="2999" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Rear Admiral<br /><a href="/wiki/David_G._Farragut" class="mw-redirect" title="David G. Farragut">David G. Farragut</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Balch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rear Admiral George Balch"><img alt="Rear Admiral George Balch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/George_Balch.jpg/96px-George_Balch.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/George_Balch.jpg/144px-George_Balch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/George_Balch.jpg/191px-George_Balch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="738" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Rear Admiral<br /><a href="/wiki/George_Balch" title="George Balch">George Balch</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Gannaway_Brownlow_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="War Governor William G. Brownlow"><img alt="War Governor William G. Brownlow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/William_Gannaway_Brownlow_2.jpg/86px-William_Gannaway_Brownlow_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/William_Gannaway_Brownlow_2.jpg/128px-William_Gannaway_Brownlow_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/William_Gannaway_Brownlow_2.jpg/171px-William_Gannaway_Brownlow_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">War Governor<br /><a href="/wiki/William_G._Brownlow" class="mw-redirect" title="William G. Brownlow">William G. Brownlow</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hon._Clements_-_NARA_-_528653.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Surgeon & U.S. House of Rep. Andrew Jackson Clements"><img alt="Surgeon & U.S. House of Rep. Andrew Jackson Clements" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Hon._Clements_-_NARA_-_528653.jpg/101px-Hon._Clements_-_NARA_-_528653.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Hon._Clements_-_NARA_-_528653.jpg/152px-Hon._Clements_-_NARA_-_528653.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Hon._Clements_-_NARA_-_528653.jpg/203px-Hon._Clements_-_NARA_-_528653.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2539" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Surgeon & U.S. House of Rep.<br /><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Clements" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Jackson Clements">Andrew Jackson Clements</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JosephAlexanderCooper.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brig. Gen. & Bvt. Maj. Gen. Joseph Alexander Cooper"><img alt="Brig. Gen. & Bvt. Maj. Gen. Joseph Alexander Cooper" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/JosephAlexanderCooper.jpg/86px-JosephAlexanderCooper.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/JosephAlexanderCooper.jpg/129px-JosephAlexanderCooper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/JosephAlexanderCooper.jpg/172px-JosephAlexanderCooper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="354" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brig. Gen. & Bvt. Maj. Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Alexander_Cooper" title="Joseph Alexander Cooper">Joseph Alexander Cooper</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Lewis_Gillespie_cph.3b07732.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lieutenant George Lewis Gillespie Jr."><img alt="Lieutenant George Lewis Gillespie Jr." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/George_Lewis_Gillespie_cph.3b07732.jpg/82px-George_Lewis_Gillespie_cph.3b07732.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/George_Lewis_Gillespie_cph.3b07732.jpg/122px-George_Lewis_Gillespie_cph.3b07732.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/George_Lewis_Gillespie_cph.3b07732.jpg/163px-George_Lewis_Gillespie_cph.3b07732.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1017" data-file-height="1494" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Lieutenant<br /><a href="/wiki/George_Lewis_Gillespie_Jr." title="George Lewis Gillespie Jr.">George Lewis Gillespie Jr.</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacob_Montgomery_Thornburgh_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lt. Col. Jacob Montgomery Thornburgh"><img alt="Lt. Col. Jacob Montgomery Thornburgh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Jacob_Montgomery_Thornburgh_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/104px-Jacob_Montgomery_Thornburgh_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Jacob_Montgomery_Thornburgh_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/155px-Jacob_Montgomery_Thornburgh_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Jacob_Montgomery_Thornburgh_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/207px-Jacob_Montgomery_Thornburgh_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2123" data-file-height="2458" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Lt. Col.<br /><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Montgomery_Thornburgh" title="Jacob Montgomery Thornburgh">Jacob Montgomery Thornburgh</a></div></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Government and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fear of subversion was widespread throughout the state. In <a href="/wiki/West_Tennessee" title="West Tennessee">West</a> and <a href="/wiki/Middle_Tennessee" title="Middle Tennessee">Middle Tennessee</a> it was fear of pro-Union activism, which was countered proactively by numerous local Committees of Safety and Vigilance from 1860 to 1862. They emerged as early as the 1860 Presidential election, and when the war began activists developed an aggressive program to detect and suppress Unionists. The committees set up a spy system, intercepted mail, inspected luggage, forced the enlistment of men into the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate Army">Confederate Army</a>, confiscated private property, and whenever it seemed necessary lynched enemies of the Confederacy. The committees were disbanded by the <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a> when it took control in 1862.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unionism_and_East_Tennessee">Unionism and East Tennessee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Unionism and East Tennessee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <tbody><tr> <th>Area of Tennessee</th> <th>Slave percentage of<br /> total population </th></tr> <tr> <td>East Tennessee </td> <td>9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Middle Tennessee </td> <td>29% </td></tr> <tr> <td>West Tennessee </td> <td>34% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee" title="East Tennessee">East Tennessee</a> was a stronghold of Unionism; most slaves were house servants—luxuries—rather than the base of plantation operations. East Tennesseans feared that they would become second-class citizens in a country with a slave-owning aristocracy.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dominant mood strongly opposed secession.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tennesseans representing twenty-six East Tennessee counties met twice in <a href="/wiki/Greeneville,_Tennessee" title="Greeneville, Tennessee">Greeneville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Knoxville" class="mw-redirect" title="Knoxville">Knoxville</a> and agreed to secede from Tennessee (see <a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee_Convention_of_1861" class="mw-redirect" title="East Tennessee Convention of 1861">East Tennessee Convention of 1861</a>.) They petitioned the state legislature in <a href="/wiki/Nashville" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashville">Nashville</a>, which denied their request to secede and sent Confederate troops under <a href="/wiki/Felix_Zollicoffer" title="Felix Zollicoffer">Felix Zollicoffer</a> to occupy East Tennessee and prevent secession. The region thus came under Confederate control from 1861 to 1863. Nevertheless, East Tennessee supplied significant numbers of troops to the Federal army. <i>(See also <a href="/wiki/Nickajack" title="Nickajack">Nickajack</a>.)</i> Many East Tennesseans engaged in guerrilla warfare against state authorities by <a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee_Bridge_Burnings" class="mw-redirect" title="East Tennessee Bridge Burnings">burning bridges</a>, cutting telegraph wires, and spying for the North.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> East Tennessee became an early base for the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> in the South. Strong support for the Union challenged the Confederate commanders who controlled East Tennessee for most of the war. Generals <a href="/wiki/Felix_K._Zollicoffer" class="mw-redirect" title="Felix K. Zollicoffer">Felix K. Zollicoffer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Kirby_Smith" title="Edmund Kirby Smith">Edmund Kirby Smith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sam_Jones_(Confederate_Army_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam Jones (Confederate Army officer)">Sam Jones</a> oscillated between harsh measures and conciliatory gestures to gain support but had little success whether they arrested hundreds of Unionist leaders or allowed men to escape the Confederate draft. Union forces finally captured the region in 1863.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General William Sherman's famous <a href="/wiki/Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea" title="Sherman's March to the Sea">March to the Sea</a> saw him personally escorted by the <a href="/wiki/1st_Alabama_Cavalry_Regiment_(Union)" title="1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment (Union)">1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment</a>, which consisted entirely of Unionist southerners. Despite its name, the regiment consisted largely of men from Tennessee. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Refugees poured into Nashville during the war, because jobs were plentiful in the depots, warehouses, and hospitals serving the war effort, and furthermore, the city was a much safer place than the countryside. Unionists and Confederate sympathizers both flooded in, as did free blacks and escaped slaves, and businessmen from the North.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was little heavy industry in the South but the Western Iron District in Middle Tennessee was the largest iron producer in the Confederacy in 1861. One of the largest operations was the Cumberland Iron Works, which the Confederate War Department tried and failed to protect.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Memphis and Nashville, with very large transient populations, had flourishing red light districts. Union wartime regulations forced prostitutes to purchase licenses and pass medical exams, primarily to protect <a href="/wiki/Soldiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Soldiers">soldiers</a> from venereal disease. Their trade was deregulated once military control ended.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 1865, a convention tasked with choosing delegates for a proposed constitutional convention decided it had the power to propose amendments to the Tennessee state constitution and present them for ratification in an election. Dominated by pro-Union forces allied with Military Governor Andrew Johnson, the convention proposed two constitutional amendments, one abolishing slavery and involuntary servitude unless imposed as punishment for a crime, and one repudiating the state's allegiance with the Confederate States of America. Both amendments were passed by voters on February 22, 1865, and subsequently went into effect in April of the same year as the war was coming to a close.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (A new proposed constitutional amendment that will go before the voters in 2022 will abolish slavery as a punishment for crime and remove it from the state constitution.)<sup id="cite_ref-Abolish_Slavery_as_Punishment_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abolish_Slavery_as_Punishment-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the war, the state legislature ratified the <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> on July 18, 1866, and was the first state readmitted to the Union on July 24, 1866. Because it ratified the Fourteenth Amendment, Tennessee was the only state that seceded from the Union that did not have a military governor during <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction era of the United States">Reconstruction</a>, nor was it part of any of the <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_military_districts" title="Reconstruction military districts">Reconstruction military districts</a>, even though this did not placate those unhappy with the Confederate defeat. However, Tennessee was put under <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a> during <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction</a> in 1869 to 1870 by then Governor <a href="/wiki/Parson_Brownlow" title="Parson Brownlow">Parson Brownlow</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Enforcement_Acts" title="Enforcement Acts">Enforcement Acts</a> mostly due to the growing threat of the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> through out the state. Many white Tennesseans resisted efforts to expand suffrage and other civil rights to the freedmen. </p><p>For generations, white Tennesseans had been raised to believe that slavery was justified. Some could not accept that their former slaves were now equal under the law. When the state Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of African American suffrage in 1867, the reaction became stronger. The <i>Nashville Republican Banner</i> on January 4, 1868, published an editorial calling for a revolutionary movement of white Southerners to unseat the one-party state rule imposed by the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> and restore the legal inferiority of the region's black population. </p> <dl><dd>"In this State, reconstruction has perfected itself and done its worst. It has organized a government which is as complete a closed corporation as may be found; it has placed the black man over the white as the agent and prime-move of domination; it has constructed a system of machinery by which all free guarantees, privileges and opportunities are removed from the people.... The impossibility of casting a free vote in Tennessee short of a revolutionary movement ... is an undoubted fact."</dd></dl> <p>The <i>Banner</i> urged its readers to ignore the presidential election and direct their energy into building "a local movement here at home" to end Republican rule.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the 1860 census, African Americans made up only 25% of Tennessee's population, which meant they could not dominate politics. Only a few African Americans served in the Tennessee legislature during Reconstruction, and not many more as state and city officers. However, the Nashville <i>Banner</i> may have been reacting to increased participation by African Americans on that city's council, where they held about one-third of the seats.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tennessee has strong Confederate memories, which focused on the <a href="/wiki/Lost_Cause" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost Cause">Lost Cause</a> theme of heroic defense of traditional liberties.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png/28px-United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png/42px-United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png/56px-United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png 2x" data-file-width="1875" data-file-height="1875" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:American_Civil_War" title="Portal:American Civil War">American Civil War portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/32px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/48px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/64px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tennessee" title="Portal:Tennessee">Tennessee portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tennessee_Confederate_Civil_War_units" title="List of Tennessee Confederate Civil War units">List of Tennessee Confederate Civil War units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tennessee_Union_Civil_War_units" title="List of Tennessee Union Civil War units">List of Tennessee Union Civil War units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_in_the_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashville in the Civil War">Nashville in the Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Chattanooga in the American Civil War">Chattanooga in the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Tennessee" title="History of slavery in Tennessee">History of slavery in Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1861_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1861 Tennessee gubernatorial election">1861 Tennessee gubernatorial election</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Despite . . . inaction of the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_General_Assembly" title="Tennessee General Assembly">Tennessee legislature</a>, the flag recommended by Senator [Tazewell B.] Newman did see some limited use" (Cannon 2005, pp. 46-47).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hI5mDwAAQBAJ&dq=tennessee+in+the+american+civil+war+135%2C000+confederate+soldiers&pg=PA33">Tennessee: Third Addition</a>. Retrieved January 31, 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entries/civil-war/">Tennessee Encyclopedia: Civil War</a>. Retrieved January 29, 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lovett, Bobby L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ww2.tnstate.edu/library/digital/BlacKs.htm">Blacks In The Union Army Of Tennessee (1861-1866)</a>. <i>tnstate.edu</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tennessee+Civil+War+Sourcebook&rft.atitle=The+Papers+of+Andrew+Johnson%2C+Vol.+4%2C+p.+274%3A+The+great+news+from+Tennessee...&rft.date=1861-02-11&rft.aulast=Faxon&rft.aufirst=C.O.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftn.gov%2Ftsla%2Fcwsb%2F1861-02-Article-20-Page31.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATennessee+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tn.gov/tsla/cwsb/1861-03-Article-4-Page5.pdf">"Abolitionist attempts to divest the South of the territory acquired by the Mexican War"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Tennessee Civil War Sourcebook</i>. Memphis Daily Appeal. March 7, 1861<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tennessee+Civil+War+Sourcebook&rft.atitle=Abolitionist+attempts+to+divest+the+South+of+the+territory+acquired+by+the+Mexican+War&rft.date=1861-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftn.gov%2Ftsla%2Fcwsb%2F1861-03-Article-4-Page5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATennessee+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tn.gov/tsla/cwsb/1861-03-Article-14-Page16.pdf">"Pro-Union candidate for State Senate endorsed for Robertson, Stewart and Montgomery counties"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Tennessee Civil War Sourcebook</i>. Letter to Editor, signed "UNION NOW AND FOREVER"; Clarksville Chronicle. March 22, 1861<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tennessee+Civil+War+Sourcebook&rft.atitle=Pro-Union+candidate+for+State+Senate+endorsed+for+Robertson%2C+Stewart+and+Montgomery+counties&rft.date=1861-03-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftn.gov%2Ftsla%2Fcwsb%2F1861-03-Article-14-Page16.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATennessee+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaznog1861" class="citation web cs1">Gaznog, Louis (April 2, 1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tn.gov/tsla/cwsb/1861-04-Article-2-Page3.pdf">"Obituary for Uncle Sam; a pro-secession argument in Memphis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Tennessee Civil War Sourcebook</i>. Memphis Daily Appeal<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tennessee+Civil+War+Sourcebook&rft.atitle=Obituary+for+Uncle+Sam%3B+a+pro-secession+argument+in+Memphis&rft.date=1861-04-02&rft.aulast=Gaznog&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftn.gov%2Ftsla%2Fcwsb%2F1861-04-Article-2-Page3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATennessee+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080529064718/http://tennessee.civilwarsourcebook.com/collection/1861-01/1861-01-Article-3-Page6.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The negros think when Old Lincoln takes his last they will all be free.' The letter of Martha Gilbert of Robertson County to Cave Johnson Couts"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tennessee.civilwarsourcebook.com/collection/1861-01/1861-01-Article-3-Page6.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 29, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27The+negros+think+when+Old+Lincoln+takes+his+last+they+will+all+be+free.%27+The+letter+of+Martha+Gilbert+of+Robertson+County+to+Cave+Johnson+Couts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftennessee.civilwarsourcebook.com%2Fcollection%2F1861-01%2F1861-01-Article-3-Page6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATennessee+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel W. Crofts, <i>Reluctant Confederates: Upper South Unionists in the Secession Crisis</i> (1989), p.334.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip Thomason and Doug Cubbison. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/71330ca4-6710-41b8-ad9b-77d0e03f2925">Historic and Historic Archaeological Resources of the American Civil War in Tennessee, 1861-1865</a>, <i>NPS,</i> 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher,_Noel_C.1997" class="citation book cs1">Fisher, Noel C. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44960992"><i>War at every door : partisan politics and guerrilla violence in East Tennessee, 1860-1869</i></a>. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 33–37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8078-6144-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8078-6144-8"><bdi>0-8078-6144-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/44960992">44960992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+at+every+door+%3A+partisan+politics+and+guerrilla+violence+in+East+Tennessee%2C+1860-1869&rft.place=Chapel+Hill%2C+N.C.&rft.pages=33-37&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F44960992&rft.isbn=0-8078-6144-8&rft.au=Fisher%2C+Noel+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F44960992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATennessee+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooling1987" class="citation book cs1">Cooling, Benjamin (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fortshenrydonels0000cool/page/1"><i>Forts Henry and Donelson: The Key to the Confederate Heartland</i></a>. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fortshenrydonels0000cool/page/1">1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87049-538-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87049-538-0"><bdi>0-87049-538-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forts+Henry+and+Donelson%3A+The+Key+to+the+Confederate+Heartland&rft.place=Knoxville&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=The+University+of+Tennessee+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-87049-538-0&rft.aulast=Cooling&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffortshenrydonels0000cool%2Fpage%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATennessee+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooling1987" class="citation book cs1">Cooling, Benjamin (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fortshenrydonels0000cool/page/65"><i>Forts Henry and Donelson: The Key to the Confederate Heartland</i></a>. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fortshenrydonels0000cool/page/65">65, 66</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87049-538-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87049-538-0"><bdi>0-87049-538-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forts+Henry+and+Donelson%3A+The+Key+to+the+Confederate+Heartland&rft.place=Knoxville&rft.pages=65%2C+66&rft.pub=The+University+of+Tennessee+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-87049-538-0&rft.aulast=Cooling&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffortshenrydonels0000cool%2Fpage%2F65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATennessee+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Connelly, <i> Autumn of Glory: The Army of Tennessee, 1862–1865</i> (1971)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James B. Jones, Jr., "'The Reign of Terror of the Safety Committee Has Passed Away Forever': A History of Committees of Safety and Vigilance in West and Middle Tennessee, 1860–1862," <i>West Tennessee Historical Society Papers</i>, 2009, Vol. 63, pp 1-28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher,_Noel_C.1997" class="citation book cs1">Fisher, Noel C. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44960992"><i>War at every door : partisan politics and guerrilla violence in East Tennessee, 1860-1869</i></a>. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 30–32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8078-6144-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8078-6144-8"><bdi>0-8078-6144-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/44960992">44960992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+at+every+door+%3A+partisan+politics+and+guerrilla+violence+in+East+Tennessee%2C+1860-1869&rft.place=Chapel+Hill%2C+N.C.&rft.pages=30-32&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F44960992&rft.isbn=0-8078-6144-8&rft.au=Fisher%2C+Noel+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F44960992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATennessee+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas B. Alexander, "Whiggery and Reconstruction in Tennessee," <i>The Journal of Southern History</i>, Vol. 16, No. 3 (August, 1950), pp. 291-305 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/pss/2197744">in JSTOR</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carroll Van West, ed., <i>Tennessee History: the Land, the People, and the Culture</i>. James McDonough "Tennessee in the Civil War" 1998. p 155</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noel Fisher, "'The leniency shown them has been unavailing': The Confederate occupation of East Tennessee," <i>Civil War History</i>, Dec 1994, Vol. 40 Issue 4, pp 275-91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Durham, 1985; Durham 1987</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Thomas Gavin, "War Comes to Iron Country: Middle Tennessee's Defense Industry during the Civil War," <i>West Tennessee Historical Society Papers</i>, 2009, Vol. 63, pp 82-108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeannine Cole, "'Upon the Stage of Disorder:' Legalized Prostitution in Memphis and Nashville, 1863–1865," <i>Tennessee Historical Quarterly</i>, Spring 2009, Vol. 68 Issue 1, pp 40-65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tba.org/index.cfm?pg=LawBlog&blAction=showEntry&blogEntry=29528">"The 1865 Constitutional Amendments and the Return of Civil Government in Tennessee"</a>. <i>tba.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tba.org&rft.atitle=The+1865+Constitutional+Amendments+and+the+Return+of+Civil+Government+in+Tennessee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tba.org%2Findex.cfm%3Fpg%3DLawBlog%26blAction%3DshowEntry%26blogEntry%3D29528&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATennessee+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/chronol.htm">"Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation"</a>. <i>www.history.umd.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.history.umd.edu&rft.atitle=Freedmen+and+Southern+Society+Project%3A+Chronology+of+Emancipation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.umd.edu%2FFreedmen%2Fchronol.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATennessee+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.tn.us/tsla/exhibits/blackhistory/timelines/timeline_1861-1865.htm">"TSLA::This Honorable Body: African American Legislators in 19th Century Tennessee"</a>. <i>state.tn.us</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=state.tn.us&rft.atitle=TSLA%3A%3AThis+Honorable+Body%3A+African+American+Legislators+in+19th+Century+Tennessee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.tn.us%2Ftsla%2Fexhibits%2Fblackhistory%2Ftimelines%2Ftimeline_1861-1865.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATennessee+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abolish_Slavery_as_Punishment-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Abolish_Slavery_as_Punishment_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/tennessee-senate-oks-bid-remove-slavery-punishment-76477338">"Tennessee Senate OKs bid to remove 'slavery' as punishment"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. Associated Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Tennessee+Senate+OKs+bid+to+remove+%27slavery%27+as+punishment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2FwireStory%2Ftennessee-senate-oks-bid-remove-slavery-punishment-76477338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATennessee+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">cited in Harcourt 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W.E.B. Du Bois, <i>Black Reconstruction in America, 1860–1880</i>, New York: Oxford University Press, 1935; reprint New York: Free Press,1998, p.575.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James B. Williams, "The Tennessee Civil War Centennial Commission: Looking to the Past as Tennessee Plans for the Future," <i>Tennessee Historical Quarterly</i>, Winter 2008, Vol. 67 Issue 4, pp 270-345</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCannon2005" class="citation book cs1">Cannon, Devereaux D. Jr. (2005) [1st pub. St. Luke's Press:1988]. <i>The Flags of the Confederacy: An Illustrated History</i>. Gretna: <a href="/wiki/Pelican_Publishing_Company" title="Pelican Publishing Company">Pelican Publishing Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-565-54109-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-565-54109-2"><bdi>978-1-565-54109-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Flags+of+the+Confederacy%3A+An+Illustrated+History&rft.place=Gretna&rft.pub=Pelican+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-565-54109-2&rft.aulast=Cannon&rft.aufirst=Devereaux+D.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATennessee+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon-Reed" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Annette_Gordon-Reed" title="Annette Gordon-Reed">Gordon-Reed, Annette</a> (2011). <i>Andrew Johnson</i>. The American Presidents Series. New York: Henry Holt and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-6948-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-6948-8"><bdi>978-0-8050-6948-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Andrew+Johnson&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=The+American+Presidents+Series&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-6948-8&rft.aulast=Gordon-Reed&rft.aufirst=Annette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATennessee+in+the+American+Civil+War" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Alexander, Thomas B. <i>Political Reconstruction in Tennessee</i> (1968)</li> <li>Ash, Stephen V. <i>Middle Tennessee society transformed, 1860–1870: war and peace in the Upper South</i> (2006)</li> <li>Connelly, Thomas L. <i>Civil War Tennessee: battles and leaders</i> (1979) 106pp</li> <li>Connelly, Thomas L. <i>Army of the Heartland: The Army of Tennessee, 1861–1862</i> (2 vol 1967–70); a Confederate army</li> <li>Cooling, Benjamin Franklin. <i>Fort Donelson's Legacy: War and Society in Kentucky and Tennessee, 1862–1863</i> (1997)</li> <li>Cottrell, Steve. <i>Civil War in Tennessee</i> (2001) 142pp</li> <li>Daniel, Larry J. <i>Shiloh: The Battle That Changed the Civil War</i> (1998) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0684838575/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Durham, Walter T. <i>Nashville: The Occupied City, 1862–1863</i> (1985)</li> <li>Durham, Walter T. <i>Reluctant Partners: Nashville and the Union, 1863–1865</i> (1987)</li> <li>Engle, Stephen D. <i>Don Carlos Buell: Most Promising of All</i> (1999)</li> <li>Engle, Stephen D. <i>Struggle for the Heartland: The Campaigns from Fort Henry to Corinth</i> (2001)</li> <li>Fisher, Noel C. <i>War at Every Door: Partisan Politics and Guerrilla Violence in East Tennessee, 1860–1869</i> (2000) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117090705/http://www.amazon.com/dp/080784988X/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Frisby, Derek W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo55664"><i>Campaigns in Mississippi and Tennessee, February-December 1864</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Center_of_Military_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Center of Military History">Center of Military History</a> (2014) 67pp</li> <li>Groom, Winston. <i>Shiloh, 1862: The First Great and Terrible Battle of the Civil War</i> (2011)</li> <li>Jones, James B., ed. <i>Tennessee in the Civil War: Selected Contemporary Accounts</i> (2011) 286 pp</li> <li>Lepa, Jack H. <i>The Civil War in Tennessee, 1862–1863</i> (2007)</li> <li>McCaslin, Richard B., ed. <i>Portraits of Conflict: A Photographic History of Tennessee in the Civil War</i> (2006)</li> <li>McKenzie, Robert Tracy. <i>Lincolnites and Rebels: A Divided Town in the American Civil War</i> (2009) on Knoxville <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117090705/http://www.amazon.com/dp/0195393937/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>McKenzie, Robert Tracy. <i>One South or Many? Plantation Belt and Upcountry in Civil War-Era Tennessee</i> (1994) uses longitudinal census data to demonstrate similar economic and social trends among Tennessee's three regions <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0521526116/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Maslowski Peter. <i>Treason Must Be Made Odious: Military Occupation and Wartime Reconstruction in Nashville, Tennessee, 1862–65</i> (1978).</li> <li>Sheeler, J. Reuben. "Secession and The Unionist Revolt," <i>Journal of Negro History</i>, 29#2 (1944), pp. 175–185 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2715310">in JSTOR</a>, covers east Tennessee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_E._Woodworth" title="Steven E. Woodworth">Woodworth, Stephen E.</a> <i>Jefferson Davis and His Generals: The Failure of Confederate Command in the West</i> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_E._Woodworth" title="Steven E. Woodworth">Woodworth, Stephen E.</a> <i>Decision in the Heartland: The Civil War in the West</i> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_E._Woodworth" title="Steven E. Woodworth">Woodworth, Stephen E.</a> <i>Six Armies in Tennessee: The Chickamauga and Chattanooga Campaigns</i> (1998) * Temple, Oliver P. <i>East Tennessee and the civil war</i> (1899) 588pp <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/easttennesseean00tempgoog">online edition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0803298137/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Vaughan, Virginia C. <i>Tennessee County History Series: Weakley County</i> (1983, Memphis State University Press)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tennessee in the American Civil War">Tennessee in the American Civil War</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://civilwartn.wordpress.com">Follow day-by-day events during Tennessee's Civil War sesquicentennial (2011–2015)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/TNmap.htm">National Park Service map showing Civil War Sites in Tennessee</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.battleoffranklin.net">The Battle of Franklin, November 30, 1864 (extensive site)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sos.tn.gov/tsla/pages/bibliography-of-tennessee-civil-war-unit-histories-at-the-tennessee-state-library-and">Bibliography of Tennessee Civil War Unit Histories at the Tennessee State Library and Archives</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080705111408/http://www.mcgavockcemetery.net/">The McGavock Confederate Cemetery at Franklin</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="North Carolina in the American Civil War">North Carolina</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_C.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of C.S. states by date of admission to the Confederacy">List of C.S. states by date of admission to the Confederacy</a> </b><br />Admitted on July 2, 1861 (11th) </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" 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style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Regions:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee" title="East Tennessee">East Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Tennessee" title="Middle Tennessee">Middle Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Tennessee" title="West Tennessee">West Tennessee</a></li> <li><i>Combatants:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tennessee_Confederate_Civil_War_units" title="List of Tennessee Confederate Civil War units">Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tennessee_Union_Civil_War_units" title="List of Tennessee Union Civil War units">Union</a></li> <li><i>Campaigns:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_campaign" title="Chattanooga campaign">Chattanooga campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightgrey;">1862</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Henry" title="Battle of Fort Henry">Fort Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Donelson" title="Battle of Fort Donelson">Fort Donelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Island_Number_Ten" title="Battle of Island Number Ten">Island Number Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shiloh" title="Battle of Shiloh">Shiloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lebanon_(1862)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Lebanon (1862)">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plum_Point_Bend" title="Battle of Plum Point Bend">Plum Point Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Memphis" title="First Battle of Memphis">First Battle of Memphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chattanooga_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Chattanooga I">First Battle of Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Murfreesboro_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Murfreesboro I">First Battle of Murfreesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britton%27s_Lane" title="Battle of Britton's Lane">Britton's Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Riggins_Hill" title="Battle of Riggins Hill">Riggins Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hatchie%27s_Bridge" title="Battle of Hatchie's Bridge">Hatchie's Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hartsville" title="Battle of Hartsville">Hartsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lexington,_Tennessee" title="Battle of Lexington, Tennessee">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jackson_(TN)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jackson (TN)">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Parker%27s_Cross_Roads" title="Battle of Parker's Cross Roads">Parker's Cross Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stones_River" title="Battle of Stones River">Stones River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightgrey;">1863</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dover_(1863)" title="Battle of Dover (1863)">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thompson%27s_Station" title="Battle of Thompson's Station">Thompson's Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vaught%27s_Hill" title="Battle of Vaught's Hill">Vaught's Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brentwood" title="Battle of Brentwood">Brentwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Franklin_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Franklin I">First Battle of Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hoover%27s_Gap" title="Battle of Hoover's Gap">Hoover's Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Liberty_Gap" title="Battle of Liberty Gap">Liberty Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chattanooga_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Chattanooga II">Second Battle of Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blountville" title="Battle of Blountville">Blountville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Farmington,_Tennessee" title="Battle of Farmington, Tennessee">Farmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blue_Springs" title="Battle of Blue Springs">Blue Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Campbell%27s_Station" title="Battle of Campbell's Station">Campbell's Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chattanooga_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Chattanooga III">Third Battle of Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brown%27s_Ferry" title="Battle of Brown's Ferry">Brown's Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wauhatchie" title="Battle of Wauhatchie">Wauhatchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Collierville" title="Battle of Collierville">Collierville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rogersville" title="Battle of Rogersville">Rogersville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Knoxville" title="Siege of Knoxville">Knoxville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Sanders" title="Battle of Fort Sanders">Fort Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bean%27s_Station" title="Battle of Bean's Station">Bean's Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mossy_Creek" title="Battle of Mossy Creek">Mossy Creek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightgrey;">1864</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dandridge" title="Battle of Dandridge">Dandridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fair_Garden" title="Battle of Fair Garden">Fair Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Pillow" title="Battle of Fort Pillow">Fort Pillow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Memphis_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Memphis II">Second Battle of Memphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Morristown" title="Battle of Morristown">Morristown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Franklin_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Franklin II">Second Battle of Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Johnsonville" title="Battle of Johnsonville">Johnsonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bull%27s_Gap" title="Battle of Bull's Gap">Bull's Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Columbia" title="Battle of Columbia">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Spring_Hill" title="Battle of Spring Hill">Spring Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Murfreesboro_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Murfreesboro III">Third Battle of Murfreesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nashville" title="Battle of Nashville">Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anthony%27s_Hill" title="Battle of Anthony's Hill">Anthony's Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Involvement<br /><span class="nobold">(by city or town)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Chattanooga in the American Civil War">Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_in_the_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashville in the Civil War">Nashville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightgrey;">Confederate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">John Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isham_G._Harris" title="Isham G. Harris">Isham G. Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henninger_Reagan" class="mw-redirect" title="John Henninger Reagan">John Henninger Reagan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightgrey;">Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Confederate_monuments_and_memorials#Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Confederate monuments and memorials">Confederate monuments and memorials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">14th Amendment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Category:Tennessee in the American Civil War">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tennessee in the American Civil War"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Tennessee in the American Civil War</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Civil_War" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;;background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Civil_War" title="Template:American Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Civil_War" title="Template talk:American Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Civil_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Origins" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Origins</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Origins of the American Civil War">Origins</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_events_leading_to_the_American_Civil_War" title="Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War">Timeline leading to the War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">Bleeding Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_states_(American_Civil_War)" title="Border states (American Civil War)">Border states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry" title="John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry">John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas-Nebraska_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas-Nebraska Act">Kansas-Nebraska Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%E2%80%93Douglas_debates" title="Lincoln–Douglas debates">Lincoln–Douglas debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nullification_crisis" title="Nullification crisis">Nullification crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Origins of the American Civil War">Origins of the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1857" title="Panic of 1857">Panic of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Popular sovereignty in the United States">Popular sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession_in_the_United_States" title="Secession in the United States">Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Declaration_of_Secession" title="South Carolina Declaration of Secession">South Carolina Declaration of Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">States' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Lincoln%27s_75,000_volunteers" title="President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers">President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_Speech" title="Cornerstone Speech">Cornerstone Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crittenden_Compromise" title="Crittenden Compromise">Crittenden Compromise</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">Dred Scott v. Sandford</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-Eaters" title="Fire-Eaters">Fire-Eaters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slave_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Fugitive slave laws in the United States">Fugitive slave laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_complexes_in_the_Southern_United_States" title="Plantation complexes in the Southern United States">Plantations in the American South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_as_a_positive_good_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery as a positive good in the United States">Positive good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Power" title="Slave Power">Slave Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Treatment of slaves in the United States">Treatment of slaves in the United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin" title="Uncle Tom's Cabin">Uncle Tom's Cabin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Birney" title="James G. Birney">James G. Birney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lloyd_Garrison" title="William Lloyd Garrison">William Lloyd Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lane_Debates_on_Slavery" class="mw-redirect" title="Lane Debates on Slavery">Lane Debates on Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Parish_Lovejoy" title="Elijah Parish Lovejoy">Elijah Parish Lovejoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Sella_Martin" title="J. Sella Martin">J. Sella Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Lysander Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Luther_Stearns" title="George Luther Stearns">George Luther Stearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Thaddeus Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Charles Sumner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caning_of_Charles_Sumner" title="Caning of Charles Sumner">Caning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="CombatantsTheatersCampaignsBattlesStates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Combatants</li><li>Theaters</li><li>Campaigns</li><li>Battles</li><li>States</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Combatants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_army" title="Union army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Navy" title="Union Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Revenue_Cutter_Service" title="United States Revenue Cutter Service">Revenue Cutter Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Navy" title="Confederate States Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Marine_Corps" title="Confederate States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Theaters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Eastern theater of the American Civil War">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Western theater of the American Civil War">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_seaboard_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Lower seaboard theater of the American Civil War">Lower Seaboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Mississippi_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Trans-Mississippi theater of the American Civil War">Trans-Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_coast_theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Pacific coast theater of the American Civil War">Pacific Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_blockade" title="Union blockade">Union naval blockade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major <a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Campaigns of the American Civil War">campaigns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaconda_Plan" title="Anaconda Plan">Anaconda Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_runners_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Blockade runners of the American Civil War">Blockade runners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_campaign" title="New Mexico campaign">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson%27s_Valley_campaign" title="Jackson's Valley campaign">Jackson's Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsula_campaign" title="Peninsula campaign">Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Virginia_campaign" title="Northern Virginia campaign">Northern Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_campaign" title="Maryland campaign">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stones_River" title="Battle of Stones River">Stones River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_campaign" title="Vicksburg campaign">Vicksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullahoma_campaign" title="Tullahoma campaign">Tullahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_campaign" title="Gettysburg campaign">Gettysburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan%27s_Raid" title="Morgan's Raid">Morgan's Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristoe_campaign" title="Bristoe campaign">Bristoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_campaign" title="Knoxville campaign">Knoxville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_campaign" title="Red River campaign">Red River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overland_Campaign" title="Overland Campaign">Overland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_campaign" title="Atlanta campaign">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_campaigns_of_1864" title="Valley campaigns of 1864">Valley 1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Hundred_campaign" title="Bermuda Hundred campaign">Bermuda Hundred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Petersburg" title="Siege of Petersburg">Richmond-Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin%E2%80%93Nashville_campaign" title="Franklin–Nashville campaign">Franklin–Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price%27s_Missouri_Expedition" title="Price's Missouri Expedition">Price's Missouri Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea" title="Sherman's March to the Sea">Sherman's March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_of_the_Carolinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaign of the Carolinas">Carolinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_campaign_(1865)" title="Mobile campaign (1865)">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appomattox_campaign" title="Appomattox campaign">Appomattox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Civil_War_battles" title="List of American Civil War battles">battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Sumter" title="Battle of Fort Sumter">Fort Sumter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Bull_Run" title="First Battle of Bull Run">1st Bull Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wilson%27s_Creek" title="Battle of Wilson's Creek">Wilson's Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Donelson" title="Battle of Fort Donelson">Fort Donelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pea_Ridge" title="Battle of Pea Ridge">Pea Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hampton_Roads" title="Battle of Hampton Roads">Hampton Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shiloh" title="Battle of Shiloh">Shiloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Forts_Jackson_and_St._Philip" title="Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Corinth" title="Siege of Corinth">Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Seven_Pines" title="Battle of Seven Pines">Seven Pines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_Battles" title="Seven Days Battles">Seven Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Bull_Run" title="Second Battle of Bull Run">2nd Bull Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antietam" title="Battle of Antietam">Antietam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Perryville" title="Battle of Perryville">Perryville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fredericksburg" title="Battle of Fredericksburg">Fredericksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stones_River" title="Battle of Stones River">Stones River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chancellorsville" title="Battle of Chancellorsville">Chancellorsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gettysburg" title="Battle of Gettysburg">Gettysburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vicksburg" title="Siege of Vicksburg">Vicksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chickamauga" title="Battle of Chickamauga">Chickamauga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_campaign" title="Chattanooga campaign">Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Wilderness" title="Battle of the Wilderness">Wilderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Pillow" title="Battle of Fort Pillow">Fort Pillow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Spotsylvania_Court_House" title="Battle of Spotsylvania Court House">Spotsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cold_Harbor" title="Battle of Cold Harbor">Cold Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Atlanta" title="Battle of Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Crater" title="Battle of the Crater">Crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mobile_Bay" title="Battle of Mobile Bay">Mobile Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Franklin_(1864)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Franklin (1864)">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nashville" title="Battle of Nashville">Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Five_Forks" title="Battle of Five Forks">Five Forks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Involvement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">States and<br />territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Alabama in the American Civil War">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Arkansas in the American Civil War">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Arizona" title="Confederate Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="California in the American Civil War">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado in the American Civil War">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Connecticut in the American Civil War">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_Territory#Dakota_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Dakota Territory">Dakota Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C.,_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Delaware#Delaware_in_the_Civil_War" title="History of Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Florida in the American Civil War">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Georgia in the American Civil War">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_and_the_American_Civil_War" title="Hawaii and the American Civil War">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Idaho in the American Civil War">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Illinois in the American Civil War">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Indian Territory in the American Civil War">Indian Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Indiana in the American Civil War">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Iowa in the American Civil War">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Kansas in the American Civil War">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Kentucky in the American Civil War">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Louisiana in the American Civil War">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Maine in the American Civil War">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Maryland in the American Civil War">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Massachusetts in the American Civil War">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Michigan in the American Civil War">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Minnesota#Civil_War_era_and_Dakota_War_of_1862" title="History of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Mississippi in the American Civil War">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Missouri in the American Civil War">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Montana in the American Civil War">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Nebraska Territory in the American Civil War">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Nevada in the American Civil War">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Hampshire#Civil_War:_1861–1865" title="History of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New Jersey in the American Civil War">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New Mexico Territory in the American Civil War">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New York in the American Civil War">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="North Carolina in the American Civil War">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Ohio in the American Civil War">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Oregon in the American Civil War">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Pennsylvania in the American Civil War">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Rhode Island in the American Civil War">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="South Carolina in the American Civil War">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Texas in the American Civil War">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Utah in the American Civil War">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Vermont in the American Civil War">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Virginia in the American Civil War">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington in the American Civil War">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="West Virginia in the American Civil War">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Wisconsin in the American Civil War">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Atlanta in the American Civil War">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Charleston in the American Civil War">Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Chattanooga in the American Civil War">Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New Orleans in the American Civil War">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Richmond in the American Civil War">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C.,_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Winchester, Virginia in the American Civil War">Winchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Leaders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Military_leadership_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Military leadership in the American Civil War">Leaders</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Confederate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Anderson_(general)" title="Richard H. Anderson (general)">R. H. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._G._T._Beauregard" title="P. G. T. Beauregard">Beauregard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braxton_Bragg" title="Braxton Bragg">Bragg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Buchanan" title="Franklin Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Cooper_(general)" title="Samuel Cooper (general)">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubal_Early" title="Jubal Early">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Ewell" title="Richard S. Ewell">Ewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Bedford_Forrest" title="Nathan Bedford Forrest">Forrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Gorgas" title="Josiah Gorgas">Gorgas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._P._Hill" title="A. P. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_Hood" title="John Bell Hood">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson" title="Stonewall Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Sidney_Johnston" title="Albert Sidney Johnston">A. S. Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Johnston" title="Joseph E. Johnston">J. E. Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Longstreet" title="James Longstreet">Longstreet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hunt_Morgan" title="John Hunt Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Mosby" title="John S. Mosby">Mosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonidas_Polk" title="Leonidas Polk">Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Price" title="Sterling Price">Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Semmes" title="Raphael Semmes">Semmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Kirby_Smith" title="Edmund Kirby Smith">E. K. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._E._B._Stuart" title="J. E. B. Stuart">Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(Confederate_general)" title="Richard Taylor (Confederate general)">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wheeler" title="Joseph Wheeler">Wheeler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judah_P._Benjamin" title="Judah P. Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Bocock" title="Thomas S. Bocock">Bocock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._T._Hunter" title="Robert M. T. Hunter">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Mallory" title="Stephen Mallory">Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Memminger" title="Christopher Memminger">Memminger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Seddon" title="James Seddon">Seddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Stephens" title="Alexander H. Stephens">Stephens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Anderson_(Civil_War)" title="Robert Anderson (Civil War)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Carlos_Buell" title="Don Carlos Buell">Buell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Burnside" title="Ambrose Burnside">Burnside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Francis_Du_Pont" title="Samuel Francis Du Pont">Du Pont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Farragut" title="David Farragut">Farragut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Hull_Foote" title="Andrew Hull Foote">Foote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">Frémont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Halleck" title="Henry Halleck">Halleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooker" title="Joseph Hooker">Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Jackson_Hunt" title="Henry Jackson Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">McClellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvin_McDowell" title="Irvin McDowell">McDowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Meade" title="George Meade">Meade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_C._Meigs" title="Montgomery C. Meigs">Meigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Ord" title="Edward Ord">Ord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pope_(military_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Pope (military officer)">Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Dixon_Porter" title="David Dixon Porter">D. D. Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rosecrans" title="William Rosecrans">Rosecrans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan">Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Thomas" title="George Henry Thomas">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ericsson" title="John Ericsson">Ericsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hamlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Pinkerton" title="Allan Pinkerton">Pinkerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Stanton" title="Edwin Stanton">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wade" title="Benjamin Wade">Wade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Welles" title="Gideon Welles">Welles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Aftermath" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Aftermath</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Amendments" title="Reconstruction Amendments">Reconstruction Amendments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">13th Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">14th Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">15th Amendment</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Claims" title="Alabama Claims">Alabama Claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks%E2%80%93Baxter_War" title="Brooks–Baxter War">Brooks–Baxter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpetbagger" title="Carpetbagger">Carpetbaggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colfax_massacre" title="Colfax massacre">Colfax riot of 1873</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1877" title="Compromise of 1877">Compromise of 1877</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_colonies" title="Confederate colonies">Confederate refugees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederados" title="Confederados">Confederados</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_riot_of_1874" class="mw-redirect" title="Election riot of 1874">Eufaula riot of 1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedmen%27s_Bureau" title="Freedmen's Bureau">Freedmen's Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedman%27s_Savings_Bank" title="Freedman's Savings Bank">Freedman's Savings Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_Acts" title="Homestead Acts">Homestead Acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Homestead_Act_of_1866" title="Southern Homestead Act of 1866">Southern Homestead Act of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_Culture_Act" title="Timber Culture Act">Timber Culture Act</a> of 1873</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment of Andrew Johnson">Impeachment of Andrew Johnson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson">trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Andrew_Johnson" title="Efforts to impeach Andrew Johnson">efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Timeline of the impeachment of Andrew Johnson">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_inquiry_into_Andrew_Johnson" title="First impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson">first inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_inquiry_into_Andrew_Johnson" title="Second impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson">second inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_impeachment_managers_investigation" title="1868 impeachment managers investigation">impeachment managers investigation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk%E2%80%93Holden_war" title="Kirk–Holden war">Kirk–Holden war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_White_Camelia" title="Knights of the White Camelia">Knights of the White Camelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic violence">Ethnic violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_riots_of_1866" class="mw-redirect" title="Memphis riots of 1866">Memphis riots of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_race_riot_of_1871" title="Meridian race riot of 1871">Meridian riot of 1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_massacre_of_1866" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans massacre of 1866">New Orleans riot of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_riot" title="Pulaski riot">Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_civil_disturbances_of_1876" title="South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876">South Carolina riots of 1876</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Acts" title="Reconstruction Acts">Reconstruction acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habeas_Corpus_Act_of_1867" title="Habeas Corpus Act of 1867">Habeas Corpus Act of 1867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforcement_Act_of_1870" title="Enforcement Act of 1870">Enforcement Act of 1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Enforcement_Act" title="Second Enforcement Act">Enforcement Act of February 1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Enforcement_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Enforcement Act">Enforcement Act of April 1871</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_military_districts" title="Reconstruction military districts">Reconstruction military districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Treaties" title="Reconstruction Treaties">Reconstruction Treaties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Smith_Council" title="Fort Smith Council">Indian Council at Fort Smith</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Shirts_(United_States)" title="Red Shirts (United States)">Red Shirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemers" title="Redeemers">Redeemers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalawag" title="Scalawag">Scalawags</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_civil_disturbances_of_1876" title="South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876">South Carolina riots of 1876</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Claims_Commission" title="Southern Claims Commission">Southern Claims Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_League" title="White League">White League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Post-<br />Reconstruction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Commemoration of the American Civil War">Commemoration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_Centennial" title="American Civil War Centennial">Centennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Discovery_Trail" title="Civil War Discovery Trail">Civil War Discovery Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Roundtable" title="Civil War Roundtable">Civil War Roundtables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Trails_Program" title="Civil War Trails Program">Civil War Trails Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil War Trust">Civil War Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_History_Month" title="Confederate History Month">Confederate History Month</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Day" title="Confederate Memorial Day">Confederate Memorial Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Decoration Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_reenactment" title="American Civil War reenactment">Historical reenactment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee_Day" title="Robert E. Lee Day">Robert E. Lee Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Hall" title="Confederate Memorial Hall">Confederate Memorial Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disenfranchisement_after_the_Reconstruction_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction era">Disenfranchisement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Codes_(United_States)" title="Black Codes (United States)">Black Codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiographic_issues_about_the_American_Civil_War" title="Historiographic issues about the American Civil War">Historiographic issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Cause_of_the_Confederacy" title="Lost Cause of the Confederacy">Lost Cause mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_display_of_the_Confederate_battle_flag" title="Modern display of the Confederate battle flag">Modern display of the Confederate flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Shirts_(United_States)" title="Red Shirts (United States)">Red Shirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Confederate_Veterans" title="Sons of Confederate Veterans">Sons of Confederate Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Union_Veterans_of_the_Civil_War" title="Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War">Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Historical_Society" title="Southern Historical Society">Southern Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Confederate_Veterans" title="United Confederate Veterans">United Confederate Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Daughters_of_the_Confederacy" title="United Daughters of the Confederacy">United Daughters of the Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Children of the Confederacy">Children of the Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington_insurrection_of_1898" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilmington insurrection of 1898">Wilmington insurrection of 1898</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Monuments<br />and memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Union_Civil_War_monuments_and_memorials" title="List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials">List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_the_Grand_Army_of_the_Republic" title="List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic">Grand Army of the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Abraham_Lincoln" title="List of memorials to Abraham Lincoln">memorials to Lincoln</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Confederate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Confederate_monuments_and_memorials" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Confederate monuments and memorials">List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_artworks_in_the_United_States_Capitol" title="Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol">artworks in Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Jefferson_Davis" title="List of memorials to Jefferson Davis">memorials to Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Robert_E._Lee" title="List of memorials to Robert E. Lee">memorials to Lee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Removal_of_Confederate_monuments_and_memorials" title="Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials">Removal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Cemeteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Memorial_Association" title="Ladies' Memorial Association">Ladies' Memorial Associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Era_National_Cemeteries_MPS" title="Civil War Era National Cemeteries MPS">U.S. national cemeteries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Veterans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1913_Gettysburg_reunion" title="1913 Gettysburg reunion">1913 Gettysburg reunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_Gettysburg_reunion" title="1938 Gettysburg reunion">1938 Gettysburg reunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Hall" title="Confederate Memorial Hall">Confederate Memorial Hall</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Veteran" title="Confederate Veteran">Confederate Veteran</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_of_the_Republic" title="Grand Army of the Republic">Grand Army of the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_the_Loyal_Legion_of_the_United_States" title="Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States">Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_soldiers%27_home" title="Old soldiers' home">Old soldiers' homes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_of_Honor" title="Southern Cross of Honor">Southern Cross of Honor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Confederate_Veterans" title="United Confederate Veterans">United Confederate Veterans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Related topics</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="List of weapons in the American Civil War">Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Campaign_Medal" title="Civil War Campaign Medal">Campaign Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Cavalry in the American Civil War">Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Home_Guard" title="Confederate Home Guard">Confederate Home Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_railroads_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Confederate railroads in the American Civil War">Confederate railroads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_revolving_cannon" title="Confederate revolving cannon">Confederate revolving cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_artillery_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Field artillery in the American Civil War">Field artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Civil_War_Medal_of_Honor_recipients" title="List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients">Medal of Honor recipients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Medicine in the American Civil War">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_naval_battles_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="List of naval battles of the American Civil War">Naval battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Records_of_the_Union_and_Confederate_Armies" title="Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies">Official Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_Ranger_Act" title="Partisan Ranger Act">Partisan rangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_prison_camps" title="American Civil War prison camps">POW camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foods_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Foods of the American Civil War">Rations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_Corps_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Signal Corps in the American Civil War">Signal Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_point_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Turning point of the American Civil War">Turning point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_Corps_Badges" title="American Civil War Corps Badges">Union corps badges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Army_Balloon_Corps" title="Union Army Balloon Corps">U.S. Balloon Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Guard_(Union)" title="Home Guard (Union)">U.S. Home Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Railroad" title="United States Military Railroad">U.S. Military Railroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress_Joint_Committee_on_the_Conduct_of_the_War" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Congress Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War">Committee on the Conduct of the War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate States presidential election">Confederate States presidential election of 1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confiscation_Act_of_1861" title="Confiscation Act of 1861">Confiscation Act of 1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confiscation_Act_of_1862" title="Confiscation Act of 1862">Confiscation Act of 1862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copperhead_(politics)" title="Copperhead (politics)">Copperheads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Diplomacy of the American Civil War">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habeas_Corpus_Suspension_Act_(1863)" title="Habeas Corpus Suspension Act (1863)">Habeas Corpus Act of 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads_Conference" title="Hampton Roads Conference">Hampton Roads Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="National Union Party (United States)">National Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_politicians_killed_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="List of politicians killed in the American Civil War">Politicians killed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Republicans" title="Radical Republicans">Radical Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Affair" title="Trent Affair">Trent Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_League" title="Union League">Union Leagues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">U.S. Presidential Election of 1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Democrat" title="War Democrat">War Democrats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Music of the American Civil War">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Hymn_of_the_Republic" title="Battle Hymn of the Republic">Battle Hymn of the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixie_(song)" title="Dixie (song)">Dixie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_Body" title="John Brown's Body">John Brown's Body</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Lincoln_Portrait" class="mw-redirect" title="A Lincoln Portrait">A Lincoln Portrait</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marching_Through_Georgia" title="Marching Through Georgia">Marching Through Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland,_My_Maryland" title="Maryland, My Maryland">Maryland, My Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/When_Johnny_Comes_Marching_Home" title="When Johnny Comes Marching Home">When Johnny Comes Marching Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daar_kom_die_Alibama" title="Daar kom die Alibama">Daar kom die Alibama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">By ethnicity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="German Americans in the American Civil War">German Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Irish Americans in the American Civil War">Irish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans_in_the_Civil_War" title="Italian Americans in the Civil War">Italian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Native Americans in the American Civil War">Native Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catawba_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Catawba in the American Civil War">Catawba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Cherokee in the American Civil War">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Choctaw in the American Civil War">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Seminole in the American Civil War">Seminole</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_riot_of_1861" title="Baltimore riot of 1861">Baltimore riot of 1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_battlefield_preservation" title="American Civil War battlefield preservation">Battlefield preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Bibliography of the American Civil War">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_war_finance" title="Confederate war finance">Confederate war finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_dollar" title="Confederate States dollar">Confederate States dollar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War_spies" title="American Civil War spies">Espionage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Secret_Service" title="Confederate Secret Service">Confederate Secret Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hanging_at_Gainesville" title="Great Hanging at Gainesville">Great Hanging at Gainesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army_revival" title="Confederate States Army revival">Great Revival of 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_issues_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Gender issues in the American Civil War">Gender issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Names of the American Civil War">Naming the war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_gold_hoax" title="Civil War gold hoax">New York City Gold Hoax of 1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_draft_riots" title="New York City draft riots">New York City riots of 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographers_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Photographers of the American Civil War">Photographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_bread_riots" title="Southern bread riots">Richmond riots of 1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Salt in the American Civil War">Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_cases_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Supreme Court cases of the American Civil War">Supreme Court cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_token" title="Civil War token">Tokens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Sanitary_Commission" title="United States Sanitary Commission">U.S. Sanitary Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_American_Civil_War_soldiers" title="List of female American Civil War soldiers">Women soldiers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_and_television_shows_about_the_American_Civil_War" title="List of films and television shows about the American Civil War">List of films and television shows about the American Civil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:American_Civil_War" title="Category:American Civil War">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:American_Civil_War" title="Portal:American Civil War">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_divisions_of_the_Confederate_States_(1861–1865)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Confederate_States_political_divisions" title="Template:Confederate States political divisions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Confederate_States_political_divisions" title="Template talk:Confederate States political divisions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Confederate_States_political_divisions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Confederate States political divisions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_divisions_of_the_Confederate_States_(1861–1865)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Political divisions of the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States</a> (1861–1865)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Alabama in the American Civil War">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Arkansas in the American Civil War">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Florida in the American Civil War">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Georgia in the American Civil War">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Louisiana in the American Civil War">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Mississippi in the American Civil War">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="North Carolina in the American Civil War">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="South Carolina in the American Civil War">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Texas in the American Civil War">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Virginia in the American Civil War">Virginia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="West Virginia in the American Civil War">West Virginia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_government_of_West_Virginia" title="Confederate government of West Virginia">government</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Confederate_States_of_America.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Confederate States"><img alt="Map of the Confederate States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Confederate_States_of_America.svg/175px-Confederate_States_of_America.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Confederate_States_of_America.svg/263px-Confederate_States_of_America.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Confederate_States_of_America.svg/350px-Confederate_States_of_America.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="913" data-file-height="572" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_in_exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Government in exile">Governments in exile</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Kentucky in the American Civil War">Kentucky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_government_of_Kentucky" title="Confederate government of Kentucky">government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Missouri in the American Civil War">Missouri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_government_of_Missouri" title="Confederate government of Missouri">government</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Arizona" title="Confederate Arizona">Arizona Territory</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Admitted to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">Union</a> June 20, 1863.</li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Organized January 18, 1862.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Former_sovereign_or_unrecognized_states_within_the_contemporary_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Former_sovereign_or_unrecognized_states_within_the_United_States" title="Template:Former sovereign or unrecognized states within the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Former_sovereign_or_unrecognized_states_within_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Former sovereign or unrecognized states within the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Former_sovereign_or_unrecognized_states_within_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Former sovereign or unrecognized states within the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Former_sovereign_or_unrecognized_states_within_the_contemporary_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Former <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign</a> or <a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_unrecognized_states" title="List of historical unrecognized states">unrecognized states</a> within the contemporary <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">Kingdoms and Provinces of New Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Navarre" title="New Navarre">New Navarre</a>, 1565–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Santa Fe de Nuevo México</a>, 1598–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Texas" title="Spanish Texas">Tejas</a>, 1690–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincias_Internas" title="Provincias Internas">Provincias Internas</a>, 1776–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">Florida Oriental</a>, 1783–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Florida" title="Spanish West Florida">Florida Occidental</a>, 1783–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">La Luisiana</a>, 1769–1801</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a>, 1804–1821</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watauga_Association" title="Watauga Association">Republic of Watauga</a> (1772–1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a> (1775–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_period" title="Confederation period">United States of America</a> (1776–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Republic" title="Vermont Republic">Vermont Republic</a> (1777–1791)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Franklin" title="State of Franklin">State of Franklin</a> (1784–1788)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Oconee_Republic" title="Trans-Oconee Republic">Trans-Oconee Republic</a> (1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaiian Kingdom</a> (1795–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Muskogee" title="State of Muskogee">State of Muskogee</a> (1799–1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_West_Florida" title="Republic of West Florida">Republic of West Florida</a> (1810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_East_Florida" title="Republic of East Florida">Republic of East Florida</a> (1812)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guti%C3%A9rrez%E2%80%93Magee_Expedition" title="Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition">First Republic of Texas</a> (1812–1813)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Floridas" title="Republic of the Floridas">Republic of the Floridas</a> (1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Expedition" title="Long Expedition">Second Republic of Texas</a> (1819)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Mexico" title="Provisional Government of Mexico">Provisional Government of Mexico</a> (1823–1824) <ul><li>1835–1846; <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Texas" title="Mexican Texas">Mexican Texas</a>, 1821–1824</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a>, 1821–1836</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Santa Fe de Nuevo México</a>, 1821–1846</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estado_de_Occidente" title="Estado de Occidente">Sonora y Sinaloa</a>, 1824–1830</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coahuila_y_Tejas" title="Coahuila y Tejas">Coahuila y Tejas</a>, 1824–1835</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Las_Californias" title="Province of Las Californias">Las Californias</a>, 1836–1846</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredonian_Rebellion" title="Fredonian Rebellion">Republic of Fredonia</a> (1826–1827)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Madawaska" title="Republic of Madawaska">Republic of Madawaska</a> (1827)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Indian_Stream" title="Republic of Indian Stream">Republic of Indian Stream</a> (1832–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a> (1834–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a> (1836–1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Rio_Grande" title="Republic of the Rio Grande">Republic of the Rio Grande</a> (1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Oregon" title="Provisional Government of Oregon">Provisional Government of Oregon</a> (1841–1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Republic" title="California Republic">California Republic</a> (1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Deseret" title="State of Deseret">State of Deseret</a> (1849–1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_and_Ready,_California" title="Rough and Ready, California">The Great Republic of Rough and Ready</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Island_(Lake_Michigan)" title="Beaver Island (Lake Michigan)">The Kingdom of Beaver Island</a> (1850–1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a> <ul><li>1861–1865; <a href="/wiki/Alabama_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Alabama in the American Civil War">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Arizona" title="Confederate Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Arkansas in the American Civil War">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Florida in the American Civil War">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Georgia in the American Civil War">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_government_of_Kentucky" title="Confederate government of Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Louisiana in the American Civil War">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Mississippi in the American Civil War">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_government_of_Missouri" title="Confederate government of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="North Carolina in the American Civil War">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="South Carolina in the American Civil War">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Texas in the American Civil War">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Virginia in the American Civil War">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_government_of_West_Virginia" title="Confederate government of West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_County,_Mississippi" title="Jones County, Mississippi">Free State of Jones</a> (1863–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Hawaii" title="Provisional Government of Hawaii">Provisional Government of Hawaii</a> (1893–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Hawaii" title="Republic of Hawaii">Republic of Hawaii</a> (1894–1898)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="mw-valign-text-bottom noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/24px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/32px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Territories of the United States">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden 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