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Overview</span></a><ul><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/atag/glance/" class="page-link"><span>At a Glance</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/atag/education/" class="page-link"><span>For LMS</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/atag/no-code/" class="page-link"><span>For No-Code Tools</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/atag/social-media/" class="page-link"><span>For Social Media Platforms</span></a></li></ul></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/uaag/" class="page-link"><span>User Agents – UAAG</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/aria/" class="page-link"><span>WAI-ARIA</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/evaluation/" class="page-link"><span>Evaluation – ACT & EARL</span></a><ul><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/act/" class="page-link"><span>Accessibility Conformance Testing – 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at W3C</span></a></li></ul></nav><nav class="sidenav-languages" aria-labelledby="languagehead"> <header id="languagehead">Languages/Translations</header> <ul class="langlist"> <li style="margin-bottom: 2px;"><strong style="text-transform: capitalize;">English (original)</strong></li><li style="margin-bottom: 2px;"><a style="text-transform: capitalize;" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/w3c-process/fr" dir="auto" translate="no" lang="fr">français</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/WAI/translations/">All Translations</a></p> <p><a href="/WAI/about/translating/">Translating WAI Resources</a></p> </nav> </div> <main id="main" lang="en"> <header> <h1> How WAI Develops Accessibility Standards through the W3C Process:<br> Milestones and Opportunities to Contribute </h1></header> <aside class="box box-full"><header class="box-h box-h-full"> <h2> Introduction </h2></header><div class="box-i"> <p>The Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) develops web accessibility guidelines, technical specifications, and educational resources to help make the web accessible to people with disabilities. This document introduces how WAI works through a process designed to:</p> <ul> <li>ensure broad community input, and</li> <li>encourage <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Process/#Consensus">consensus</a> development.</li> </ul> </div></aside> <nav class="box box-simple box-simple" aria-labelledby="tocheading" id="toc"> <header id="tocheading" class="box-h box-h-simple box-h-simple"> Page Contents</header> <div class="box-i"> <ul id="markdown-toc"> <li><a href="#standards" id="markdown-toc-standards">W3C Standards</a> <ul> <li><a href="#milestones" id="markdown-toc-milestones">Milestones</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#other" id="markdown-toc-other">Other Resources</a></li> <li><a href="#community" id="markdown-toc-community">Get WAI News for Community Collaboration</a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <h2 id="standards">W3C Standards</h2> <p>The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) develops web standards such as HTML, CSS, etc. WAI is part of W3C and follows the <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Process/">W3C Process</a> for developing web standards.</p> <p>W3C’s web standards are called <strong><em>W3C Recommendations</em></strong>. WAI has developed several W3C Recommendations, including:</p> <ul> <li>Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, see <a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/">WCAG Overview</a></li> <li>Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines, see <a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/atag/">ATAG Overview</a></li> <li>User Agent Accessibility Guidelines, see <a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/uaag/">UAAG Overview</a></li> <li>Accessible Rich Internet Applications, see <a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/aria/">WAI-ARIA Overview</a></li> </ul> <p><strong>[WAI Accessibility Guidelines] that are [W3C Recommendations] are [Web Standards]</strong></p> <h3 id="milestones">Milestones</h3> <p><strong>Editor’s Drafts</strong> have no official standing and do not necessarily represent Working Group consensus; that is, the draft might include proposals that the Working Group has not agreed on.</p> <p id="stages">The milestones that a W3C “technical report” goes through on its way to becoming a W3C Recommendation are listed below.</p> <ol> <li id="wd"><img src="/WAI/content-images/w3c-process/wd.gif" alt="draft documents:" style="float:left; margin-right: 1em; clear: left;" /> <strong>Working Draft</strong>: Working Drafts are published and announced specifically to ask for review and input from the community. Often there are issues that a Working Group would particularly like input on. Usually multiple Working Drafts of a technical report are published.</li> <li id="lcwd"><img src="/WAI/content-images/w3c-process/lcwd.gif" alt="complete technical report:" style="float:left; margin-right: 1em; clear: left;" /> <strong>Wide Review Working Draft</strong>: When a Working Group believes it has addressed all comments and technical requirements, it provides the complete document for community review and announces that it is ready for wide review.</li> <li id="cr"><img src="/WAI/content-images/w3c-process/cr.gif" alt="using computer with technical report:" style="float:left; margin-right: 1em; clear: left;" /> <strong>Candidate Recommendation</strong>: The main purpose of Candidate Recommendation is to ensure that the technical report can be implemented. W3C encourages developers to use the technical report in their projects. The technical report is stable at this stage; however, it may change based on implementation experience.</li> <li id="pr"><img src="/WAI/content-images/w3c-process/pr.gif" alt="endorsing technical report:" style="float:left; margin-right: 1em; clear: left;" /> <strong>Proposed Recommendation</strong>: After there are implementations of each feature of the technical report, W3C announces it as a Proposed Recommendation. At this stage, the report is submitted to the W3C Membership for endorsement.</li> <li id="rec"><img src="/WAI/content-images/w3c-process/rec.gif" alt="approved technical report:" style="float:left; margin-right: 1em; clear: left;" /> <strong>W3C Recommendation (Web Standard)</strong>: Once there is significant support for the technical report from the W3C Members, the W3C Director, and the public, it is published as a Recommendation. W3C encourages widespread deployment of its Recommendations.</li> </ol> <p>That was a simplified description of the process. For the definitive version, see the <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Process/#Reports">W3C Process Document, Section 7: W3C Technical Report Development Process</a>.</p> <h2 id="other">Other Resources</h2> <p id="other_docs">WAI also develops documents that support the guidelines and do not go through the process described above.</p> <ul> <li><strong>W3C Working Group Notes</strong> are advisory technical reports, not standards.</li> <li><strong>WAI Resources</strong> and EOWG Resources cover a wide range of web accessibility topics, such as <a href="/WAI/fundamentals/components/">Essential Components of Web Accessibility</a>, <a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/glance/">WCAG 2 at a Glance</a>, <a href="/WAI/test-evaluate/preliminary/">Easy Checks – A First Review of Web Accessibility</a>, and many others listed in the <a href="/WAI/resources/">WAI Resources</a>.</li> </ul> <h2 id="community">Get WAI News for Community Collaboration</h2> <p>To get WAI announcements of Working Drafts for review via e-mail, Twitter, or Atom/RSS feed, <strong>see <a href="/WAI/news/subscribe/">Get WAI News</a></strong>.</p> <p>WAI’s W3C Recommendations, Working Group Notes, and Resources are developed in <a href="/WAI/about/groups/">WAI Working Groups</a> with input from the community. WAI actively encourages broad participation from industry, disability organizations, accessibility researchers, government, and others interested in web accessibility.</p> <p><strong><a href="/WAI/get-involved/">Participating in WAI</a></strong> describes ways that you can contribute to WAI’s accessibility work, including reviewing and commenting on WAI guidelines as they are being developed.</p> <p><strong>The best time to comment is when WAI announces Working Drafts for review</strong>. Please send your comments early in the process, when the Working Group can most effectively address them in the developing technical report. Technical comments sent after the wide review period have less weight, and a Working Group might not be able to make substantive changes late in the process. The W3C Process Document provides more information on <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Process/#doc-reviews">Reviews and Review Responsibilities</a>.</p> <aside class="box box-icon box-space-above" id="helpimprove" aria-label="feedback"><header class="box-h box-h-icon box-h-space-above box-h-icon"> <svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-comments "><use xlink:href="/WAI/assets/images/icons.svg#icon-comments"></use></svg> <h2> Help improve this page </h2></header><div class="box-i"><p>Please share your ideas, suggestions, or comments via e-mail to the publicly-archived list <a href="mailto:wai@w3.org?body=%5Binclude%20a%20relevant%20email%20Subject%5D%0A%0A%5Bput%20comment%20here...%5D%0A%0AI%20give%20permission%20to%20share%20this%20to%20a%20publicly-archived%20e-mail%20list.">wai@w3.org</a> or via GitHub.</p> <div class="button-group"> <a href="mailto:wai@w3.org?body=%5Binclude%20a%20relevant%20email%20Subject%5D%0A%0A%5Bput%20comment%20here...%5D%0A%0AI%20give%20permission%20to%20share%20this%20to%20a%20publicly-archived%20e-mail%20list." class="button"><span>E-mail</span></a><a href=" https://github.com/w3c/wai-website/edit/main/pages/standards-guidelines/w3c-process.md " class="button"><span>Fork & Edit on GitHub</span></a><a href="https://github.com/w3c/wai-website/issues/new?template=content-issue.yml&wai-resource-id=wai-w3c-process&wai-url=https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/w3c-process/" class="button"><span>New GitHub Issue</span></a></div></div></aside> <a class="button button-backtotop" href="#top"><span><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-arrow-up "><use xlink:href="/WAI/assets/images/icons.svg#icon-arrow-up"></use></svg> Back to Top</span></a> </main> </div> <footer id="wai-site-footer" class="page-footer default-grid" aria-label="Page"> <div class="inner"><p><strong>Updated:</strong> 15 January 2024.<br /> First published September 2006.</p><p><strong>Editor:</strong> <a href="https://www.w3.org/People/Shawn/">Shawn Lawton Henry</a>.</p> <p>Developed with input from the Education and Outreach Working Group (<a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/EO/">EOWG</a>).</p> </div> </footer> <footer class="site-footer grid-4q" aria-label="Site"> <div class="q1-start q3-end about"> <div> <p><a class="largelink" href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/" lang="en" dir="auto" translate="no">W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)</a></p> <p>Strategies, standards, and supporting resources to make the Web accessible to people with disabilities.</p> </div> <div class="social" lang="en" dir="auto" translate="no"> <ul> <li><a href="https://w3c.social/@wai"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-mastodon "><use xlink:href="/WAI/assets/images/icons.svg#icon-mastodon"></use></svg> Mastodon</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/w3c-wai/"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-linkedin "><use xlink:href="/WAI/assets/images/icons.svg#icon-linkedin"></use></svg> LinkedIn</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/feed.xml"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-rss "><use xlink:href="/WAI/assets/images/icons.svg#icon-rss"></use></svg> Feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCU6ljj3m1fglIPjSjs2DpRA/playlists/"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-youtube "><use xlink:href="/WAI/assets/images/icons.svg#icon-youtube"></use></svg> YouTube</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/news/subscribe/" class="button">Get News in Email</a></li> </ul> </div> <div lang="en" dir="auto" translate="no"> <p>Copyright © 2024 World Wide Web Consortium (<a href="https://www.w3.org/">W3C</a><sup>®</sup>). 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