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href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/atag/no-code/" class="page-link"><span>For No-Code Tools</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/atag/social-media/" class="page-link"><span>For Social Media Platforms</span></a></li></ul></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/uaag/" class="page-link"><span>User Agents – UAAG</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/aria/" class="page-link"><span>WAI-ARIA</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/evaluation/" class="page-link"><span>Evaluation – ACT & EARL</span></a><ul><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/act/" class="page-link"><span>Accessibility Conformance Testing – ACT</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/earl/" class="page-link"><span>Evaluation and Report Language – EARL</span></a></li></ul></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/adapt/" class="page-link"><span>WAI-Adapt</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/pronunciation/" class="page-link"><span>Pronunciation</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/harmonization/" class="page-link"><span>Standards Harmonization is Essential</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/w3c-process/" class="page-link"><span>W3C Process for Developing Standards</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/linking/" class="page-link"><span>Referencing and Linking to Standards</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/cognitive/" class="page-link"><span>Cognitive Accessibility at W3C</span></a></li><li> <a lang="en" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/mobile/" class="page-link"><span>Mobile Accessibility at W3C</span></a></li></ul></nav><nav class="sidenav-languages" aria-labelledby="languagehead"> <header id="languagehead">Languages/Translations</header> <ul class="langlist"> <li style="margin-bottom: 2px;"><strong style="text-transform: capitalize;">English (original)</strong></li><li style="margin-bottom: 2px;"><a style="text-transform: capitalize;" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/es" dir="auto" translate="no" lang="es">español</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 2px;"><a style="text-transform: capitalize;" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/fr" dir="auto" translate="no" lang="fr">français</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 2px;"><a style="text-transform: capitalize;" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/ja" dir="auto" translate="no" lang="ja">日本語</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 2px;"><a style="text-transform: capitalize;" href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/pl" dir="auto" translate="no" lang="pl">polski</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/WAI/translations/">All Translations</a></p> <p><a href="/WAI/about/translating/">Translating WAI Resources</a></p> </nav> </div> <main id="main" lang="en"> <header> <h1> WCAG 2 Overview </h1></header> <aside class="box box-full"><header class="box-h box-h-full"> <h2> Summary </h2></header><div class="box-i"> <p>This page introduces the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) international standard, including WCAG 2.0, WCAG 2.1, and WCAG 2.2. WCAG documents explain how to make web content more accessible to people with disabilities.</p> <p>A different page <a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/wcag3-intro/">introduces WCAG 3</a>.</p> <p>WCAG is not an introduction to accessibility. For introductions, see <a href="/WAI/fundamentals/">Accessibility Fundamentals Overview</a>.</p> <p>Quick links to resources:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/quickref/">How to Meet WCAG 2 (Quick Reference)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/">WCAG 2.2 Standard</a>, <a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/new-in-22/">What’s New in WCAG 2.2</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/">WCAG 2.1 Standard</a></li> </ul> </div></aside> <nav class="box box-simple box-simple" aria-labelledby="tocheading" id="toc"> <header id="tocheading" class="box-h box-h-simple box-h-simple"> Page Contents</header> <div class="box-i"> <ul id="markdown-toc"> <li><a href="#intro" id="markdown-toc-intro">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="#for" id="markdown-toc-for">Who WCAG is for</a></li> <li><a href="#whatis2" id="markdown-toc-whatis2">What is in WCAG 2</a></li> <li><a href="#versions" id="markdown-toc-versions">WCAG 2.0, 2.1, 2.2</a></li> <li><a href="#translations" id="markdown-toc-translations">Translations</a></li> <li><a href="#iso" id="markdown-toc-iso">WCAG 2.0 is ISO/IEC 40500</a></li> <li><a href="#wg" id="markdown-toc-wg">Who develops WCAG</a></li> <li><a href="#more" id="markdown-toc-more">WCAG 3 and more information</a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <h2 id="intro">Introduction</h2> <p>Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2 is developed through the <a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/w3c-process/">W3C process</a> in cooperation with individuals and organizations around the world, with a goal of providing a single shared standard for web content accessibility that meets the needs of individuals, organizations, and governments internationally.</p> <p>The WCAG documents explain how to make web content more accessible to people with disabilities. Web “content” generally refers to the information in a web page or web application, including:</p> <ul> <li>natural information such as text, images, and sounds</li> <li>code or markup that defines structure, presentation, etc.</li> </ul> <h2 id="for">Who WCAG is for</h2> <p>WCAG is for those who want a technical standard. <strong>It is not an introduction to accessibility. For links to introductory material, see <a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/faq/#start">“Where should I start?” in the FAQ</a>.</strong></p> <p>WCAG is primarily intended for:</p> <ul> <li>Web content developers (page authors, site designers, etc.)</li> <li>Web authoring tool developers</li> <li>Web accessibility evaluation tool developers</li> <li>Others who want or need a standard for web accessibility, including for mobile accessibility</li> </ul> <p>To meet the needs of others — including policy makers, managers, and researchers — there are many different <a href="/WAI/resources/">WAI Resources</a>.</p> <h2 id="whatis2">What is in WCAG 2</h2> <p>The WCAG 2.2 has 13 guidelines. The guidelines are organized under <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/intro#understanding-the-four-principles-of-accessibility">4 principles: perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust</a>.</p> <p>For each guideline, there are testable <em>success criteria</em>. The success criteria are at <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/conformance#levels">three levels: A, AA, and AAA</a>.</p> <p>The success criteria are what determine “conformance” to WCAG. That is, in order to meet WCAG, the content needs to meet the success criteria. Details are in the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/#conformance">Conformance section of WCAG</a>.</p> <p>For a short summary of the WCAG 2 guidelines, see <strong><a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/glance/">WCAG 2 at a Glance</a></strong>.</p> <h3 id="supplement">Supporting material and supplemental guidance</h3> <p>The following resources help you understand and implement WCAG, and improve accessibility beyond WCAG:</p> <ul> <li>Quick Reference / How to Meet WCAG 2 / Checklist</li> <li>Understanding WCAG 2</li> <li>Techniques for WCAG 2</li> <li>Test Rules for WCAG 2</li> <li>Supplemental Guidance</li> </ul> <p><strong>Please read about these WCAG 2 resources from <a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/docs/">WCAG 2 Documents</a>.</strong></p> <h2 id="versions">WCAG 2.0, 2.1, 2.2</h2> <p>The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) standards are stable and referenceable when they are published as a ‘W3C Recommendation’ web standard.</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/">WCAG 2.0</a> was published on 11 December 2008.</li> <li><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/">WCAG 2.1</a> was published on 5 June 2018, and an update was published on 21 September 2023. The <a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/faq/">WCAG 2 FAQ</a> has information about the update.</li> <li><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/">WCAG 2.2</a> was published on 5 October 2023.</li> </ul> <p>WCAG 2.0, 2.1, and 2.2 are designed to be “backwards compatible”, which means content that conforms to WCAG 2.2 also conforms to WCAG 2.1 and WCAG 2.0. If you want to meet all the versions, you can use the WCAG 2.2 resources and you don’t need to bother looking at earlier versions.</p> <p>All the success criteria from 2.0 are included in 2.1, and all from 2.1 are in 2.2 (except 4.1.1, explained in the next paragraph).</p> <ul> <li>WCAG 2.0 has 12 guidelines.</li> <li>WCAG 2.1 adds 1 guideline and 17 success criteria. They are introduced in <a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/new-in-21/">What’s New in WCAG 2.1</a>.</li> <li>WCAG 2.2 adds 9 success criteria. They are introduced in <a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/new-in-22/">What’s New in WCAG 2.2</a>.</li> </ul> <p>A few things have changed, and we intend the updates in the related documents to support backwards compatibility in practice. The main change is that in WCAG 2.2, one success criteria (4.1.1 Parsing) is obsolete. Notes added to WCAG 2.1 and WCAG 2.0 errata address this, as explained in <a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/faq/#parsing411">WCAG 2 FAQ, 4.1.1 Parsing</a>. WCAG 2.2 also includes Notes about different languages; more information is in <a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/faq/#i18n22">WCAG 2 FAQ, internationalization</a>.</p> <p>WCAG 2.0, WCAG 2.1, and WCAG 2.2 are all existing standards. WCAG 2.2 does not deprecate or supersede WCAG 2.1, and WCAG 2.1 does not deprecate or supersede WCAG 2.0. W3C encourages you to use the most recent version of WCAG.</p> <h2 id="translations">Translations</h2> <p>Authorized Translations and unofficial translations of WCAG 2 are listed in <a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/translations/">WCAG 2 Translations</a>.</p> <h2 id="iso">WCAG 2.0 is ISO/IEC 40500</h2> <p>WCAG 2.0 is approved as an ISO standard: ISO/IEC 40500:2012. ISO/IEC 40500 is exactly the same as the original WCAG 2.0, which is introduced above along with supporting resources.</p> <p>The content of ISO/IEC 40500 is freely available from <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/">www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20</a>; it is available for purchase from the <a href="https://www.iso.org/standard/58625.html">ISO catalogue <svg focusable="false" aria-label="External Site" class="icon-external-link "><use xlink:href="/WAI/assets/images/icons.svg#icon-external-link"></use></svg></a>.</p> <p>Benefits of WCAG 2.0 as an ISO standard are summarized in <a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/faq/#iso">ISO in the FAQ</a>. More information on W3C and the ISO process is in the <a href="https://www.w3.org/2010/04/pasfaq">W3C PAS FAQ</a>.</p> <p><strong>W3C plans to submit WCAG 2.2 through the ISO process.</strong></p> <h2 id="wg">Who develops WCAG</h2> <p>The WCAG technical documents are developed by the Accessibility Guidelines Working Group (<a href="/WAI/GL/">AG WG</a>) <em>(formerly the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines Working Group)</em>, which is part of the World Wide Web Consortium (<a href="https://www.w3.org">W3C</a>) Web Accessibility Initiative (<a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/">WAI</a>).</p> <p>WAI updates Techniques for WCAG 2 and Understanding WCAG 2 periodically. We welcome <a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/commenting/">comments</a> and <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/GL/WCAG20/TECHS-SUBMIT/">submission of new techniques</a>.</p> <p>Opportunities for contributing to WCAG and other WAI work are introduced in <a href="/WAI/about/participating/">Participating in WAI</a>.</p> <h2 id="more">WCAG 3 and more information</h2> <p>WCAG is part of a series of accessibility guidelines, including the Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG) and the User Agent Accessibility Guidelines (UAAG). <a href="/WAI/fundamentals/components/">Essential Components of Web Accessibility</a> explains the relationship between the different guidelines.</p> <p>See the <a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/faq/">WCAG 2 FAQ</a> for more information on:</p> <ul> <li><strong>WCAG 2 coverage of <a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/faq/#mobile">mobile accessibility</a></strong></li> <li><strong>Applying WCAG 2 to <a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/faq/#wcag2ict">documents and software</a></strong></li> <li>and more…</li> </ul> <p>For information on the early draft of W3C Accessibility Guidelines 3.0 (formerly known as “Silver”), see the <strong><a href="/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/wcag3-intro/">WCAG 3 Introduction</a></strong>.</p> <aside class="box box-icon box-space-above" id="helpimprove" aria-label="feedback"><header class="box-h box-h-icon box-h-space-above box-h-icon"> <svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-comments "><use xlink:href="/WAI/assets/images/icons.svg#icon-comments"></use></svg> <h2> Help improve this page </h2></header><div class="box-i"><p>Please share your ideas, suggestions, or comments via e-mail to the publicly-archived list <a href="mailto:wai@w3.org?body=%5Binclude%20a%20relevant%20email%20Subject%5D%0A%0A%5Bput%20comment%20here...%5D%0A%0AI%20give%20permission%20to%20share%20this%20to%20a%20publicly-archived%20e-mail%20list.">wai@w3.org</a> or via GitHub.</p> <div class="button-group"> <a href="mailto:wai@w3.org?body=%5Binclude%20a%20relevant%20email%20Subject%5D%0A%0A%5Bput%20comment%20here...%5D%0A%0AI%20give%20permission%20to%20share%20this%20to%20a%20publicly-archived%20e-mail%20list." class="button"><span>E-mail</span></a><a href=" https://github.com/w3c/wai-website/edit/main/pages/standards-guidelines/wcag/index.md " class="button"><span>Fork & Edit on GitHub</span></a><a href="https://github.com/w3c/wai-website/issues/new?template=content-issue.yml&wai-resource-id=wai-wcag-intro&wai-url=https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/" class="button"><span>New GitHub Issue</span></a></div></div></aside> <a class="button button-backtotop" href="#top"><span><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-arrow-up "><use xlink:href="/WAI/assets/images/icons.svg#icon-arrow-up"></use></svg> Back to Top</span></a> </main> </div> <footer id="wai-site-footer" class="page-footer default-grid" aria-label="Page"> <div class="inner"><p><strong>Updated:</strong> 7 March 2024.<br /> First published July 2005.</p><p><strong>Editor:</strong> <a href="https://www.w3.org/People/Shawn/">Shawn Lawton Henry</a>.</p> <p>Developed with input from the Education and Outreach Working Group (<a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/about/groups/eowg/">EOWG</a>) and the Accessibility Guidelines Working Group (<a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/about/groups/agwg/">AG WG</a>).</p> </div> </footer> <footer class="site-footer grid-4q" aria-label="Site"> <div class="q1-start q3-end about"> <div> <p><a class="largelink" href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/" lang="en" dir="auto" translate="no">W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)</a></p> <p>Strategies, standards, and supporting resources to make the Web accessible to people with disabilities.</p> </div> <div class="social" lang="en" dir="auto" translate="no"> <ul> <li><a href="https://w3c.social/@wai"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-mastodon "><use xlink:href="/WAI/assets/images/icons.svg#icon-mastodon"></use></svg> Mastodon</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/w3c-wai/"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-linkedin "><use xlink:href="/WAI/assets/images/icons.svg#icon-linkedin"></use></svg> LinkedIn</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/feed.xml"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-rss "><use xlink:href="/WAI/assets/images/icons.svg#icon-rss"></use></svg> Feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCU6ljj3m1fglIPjSjs2DpRA/playlists/"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="icon-youtube "><use xlink:href="/WAI/assets/images/icons.svg#icon-youtube"></use></svg> YouTube</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/news/subscribe/" class="button">Get News in Email</a></li> </ul> </div> <div lang="en" dir="auto" translate="no"> <p>Copyright © 2024 World Wide Web Consortium (<a href="https://www.w3.org/">W3C</a><sup>®</sup>). 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