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Nakhla meteorite - Wikipedia

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<li id="toc-Nakhla_dog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nakhla_dog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Nakhla dog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nakhla_dog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Classification subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Signs_of_water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signs_of_water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Signs of water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Signs_of_water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Signs_of_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signs_of_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Signs of life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Signs_of_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Amino_acids_within_the_meteorite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amino_acids_within_the_meteorite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Amino acids within the meteorite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amino_acids_within_the_meteorite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nakhla meteorite</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A9" title="نيزك النخلة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيزك النخلة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82)" title="Нахла (метэарыт) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нахла (метэарыт)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorit_de_Nakhla" title="Meteorit de Nakhla – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Meteorit de Nakhla" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhla_(Meteorit)" title="Nakhla (Meteorit) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nakhla (Meteorit)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorito_Nakhla" title="Meteorito Nakhla – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Meteorito Nakhla" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9t%C3%A9orite_de_Nakhla" title="Météorite de Nakhla – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Météorite de Nakhla" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhla_meteorit" title="Nakhla meteorit – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nakhla meteorit" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%87" title="نيزك النخله – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيزك النخله" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E9%9A%95%E7%9F%B3" title="ナクラ隕石 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナクラ隕石" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhla_(meteoryt)" title="Nakhla (meteoryt) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nakhla (meteoryt)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorito_Nakhla" title="Meteorito Nakhla – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Meteorito Nakhla" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82)" title="Нахла (метеорит) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нахла (метеорит)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakla_(meteorit)" title="Nakla (meteorit) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nakla (meteorit)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhla" title="Nakhla – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Nakhla" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E9%99%A8%E7%9F%B3" title="奈克拉陨石 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奈克拉陨石" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nakhla_meteorite&amp;params=31_9_N_30_21_E_region:EG_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°9′N</span> <span class="longitude">30°21′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.150°N 30.350°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">31.150; 30.350</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Martian meteorite which landed in Egypt in 1911</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:280px; line-height:1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #ddc">Nakhla meteorite</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nakhla_meteorite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Nakhla_meteorite.jpg/290px-Nakhla_meteorite.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Nakhla_meteorite.jpg/435px-Nakhla_meteorite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Nakhla_meteorite.jpg/580px-Nakhla_meteorite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Nakhla meteorite fragment (BM1913,25): two sides and its inner surfaces after being broken open</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Meteorite_classification" title="Meteorite classification">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Achondrite" title="Achondrite">Achondrite</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Meteorite_classification" title="Meteorite classification">Class</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Martian_meteorite" title="Martian meteorite">Martian meteorite</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Meteorite_classification" title="Meteorite classification">Group</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nakhlite" title="Nakhlite">Nakhlite</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khedivate_of_Egypt" title="Khedivate of Egypt">Khedivate of Egypt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hummus" title="Abu Hummus">Abu Hummus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beheira_Governorate" title="Beheira Governorate">Beheira Governorate</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nakhla_meteorite&amp;params=31_9_N_30_21_E_region:EG_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°9′N</span> <span class="longitude">30°21′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.150°N 30.350°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">31.150; 30.350</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Observed_fall" class="mw-redirect" title="Observed fall">Observed fall</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fall date</th><td class="infobox-data">1911-06-28</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Total_known_weight" title="Total known weight">TKW</a></th><td class="infobox-data">10 kilograms (22&#160;lb)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:407310main_jsc2009e243551.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/407310main_jsc2009e243551.jpg/240px-407310main_jsc2009e243551.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/407310main_jsc2009e243551.jpg/360px-407310main_jsc2009e243551.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/407310main_jsc2009e243551.jpg/480px-407310main_jsc2009e243551.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span><div><a href="/wiki/Scanning_electron_microscope" title="Scanning electron microscope">Scanning electron microscope</a> (SEM) image of the surface of a grain of the meteorite showing small pits filled with material. On <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>, similar pits are carved by bacteria</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nakhla_meteorite" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nakhla meteorite">Related media on Wikimedia Commons</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:407304main_jsc2009e243549.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/407304main_jsc2009e243549.jpg/280px-407304main_jsc2009e243549.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/407304main_jsc2009e243549.jpg/420px-407304main_jsc2009e243549.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/407304main_jsc2009e243549.jpg/560px-407304main_jsc2009e243549.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1424" data-file-height="968" /></a><figcaption>SEM image of a chip of the Naklha meteorite, depicting possible <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">biomorph</a> material: the larger, broad knife-like features and the small, donut-shaped features</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Nakhla</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Martian_meteorite" title="Martian meteorite">Martian meteorite</a> which fell in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Egypt_under_the_British" title="History of Egypt under the British">Egypt</a> in 1911. It was the first <a href="/wiki/Meteorite" title="Meteorite">meteorite</a> reported from Egypt, the first one to suggest signs of <a href="/wiki/Water_on_Mars" title="Water on Mars">aqueous processes</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>, and the prototype for <a href="/wiki/Nakhlite" title="Nakhlite">Nakhlite</a> type of meteorites. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhla_meteorite&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Nakhla meteorite fell to Earth on June 28, 1911, at approximately 09:00, in the Abu Hommos district, <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> Governorate, <a href="/wiki/Khedivate_of_Egypt" title="Khedivate of Egypt">Khedivate of Egypt</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hummus" title="Abu Hummus">Abu Hummus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beheira_Governorate" title="Beheira Governorate">Beheira Governorate</a>), in the area of the village of El Nakhla El Bahariya. The stones were collected near hamlets of Ezbet Abdalla Zeid, Ezbet Abdel Malek, Ezbet el Askar, and Ezbet Saber Mahdi.<sup id="cite_ref-prior_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prior-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NASA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Many people witnessed the meteorite approaching from the northwest, inclination about 30°, along with the track marked with a column of white smoke. Several explosions were heard before it fell to <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> in an area of 4.5 kilometres (2.8&#160;mi) in diameter, and about forty pieces were recovered;<sup id="cite_ref-NTRS_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTRS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the fragments were buried in the ground up to a metre deep. From an estimated original weight of 10 kilograms (22&#160;lb), recovered fragments ranged in weight from 20 grams (0.71&#160;oz) to 1813 grams (64.0&#160;oz).<sup id="cite_ref-prior_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prior-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NASA_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two fragments, found near Ezbet Abdel Malek, were presented by the Egyptian Government to the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-prior_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prior-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nakhla_dog">Nakhla dog</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhla_meteorite&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Nakhla dog"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One fragment of the meteorite was said to have landed on a dog, as observed by a farmer named Mohammed Ali Effendi Hakim in the village of Denshal supposedly vaporizing the animal instantly. Since no remains of the dog were recovered and there was no other eyewitness to the dog's demise, this story remains apocryphal.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, the story of the Nakhla dog has become something of a legend among astronomers.<sup id="cite_ref-Nakhladog_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nakhladog-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhla_meteorite&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is the prototypical example of the <a href="/wiki/Nakhlite" title="Nakhlite">Nakhlite</a> type meteorite of the <i>SNC Group</i> of <a href="/wiki/Mars_meteorite" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars meteorite">Mars meteorites</a>. The meteorite was formed about 1.3 billion years ago at a volcano on <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of meteorites thought to have originated from Mars have been catalogued from around the world,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> including the Nakhlites. These are considered to have been <a href="/wiki/Ejecta" title="Ejecta">ejected</a> by the impact of another large body colliding with the Martian surface. They then travelled through the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a> for an unknown period before penetrating the <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_atmosphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth&#39;s atmosphere">Earth's atmosphere</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signs_of_water">Signs of water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhla_meteorite&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Signs of water"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nakhla is the first Martian meteorite to show signs of aqueous processes on Mars. The rock contains carbonates and hydrous minerals, formed by chemical reactions in water. Also, the rock was exposed to water after it formed, which caused secondary accumulations of minerals. The carbonates contain more <a href="/wiki/Carbon-13" title="Carbon-13">carbon-13</a> than rocks formed on Earth, indicating Martian origin.<sup id="cite_ref-pnas1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pnas1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signs_of_life">Signs of life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhla_meteorite&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Signs of life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 1999, after receiving part of the meteorite from the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> in 1998,<sup id="cite_ref-NTRS_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTRS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> a team from <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA's</a> <a href="/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a> examined the Nakhla meteorite using an <a href="/wiki/Optical_microscope" title="Optical microscope">optical microscope</a> and a powerful <a href="/wiki/Scanning_electron_microscope" title="Scanning electron microscope">scanning electron microscope</a> (SEM), revealing possibly <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">biomorphic</a> forms of a limited size range, among other features.<sup id="cite_ref-debate_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-debate-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Biomorphs_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biomorphs-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> London's <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a>, which holds several intact fragments of the meteorite, allowed NASA researchers to break one open in 2006, providing fresh samples, relatively free from Earth-sourced contamination. These scientists found an abundance of complex carbonaceous material occupying <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dendritic" class="extiw" title="wikt:dendritic">dendritic</a> pores and channels in the rock, resembling the effects of bacteria observed in rocks on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-debate_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-debate-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A debate took place at the 37th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in March 2006 in <a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston, Texas</a> over the postulate that carbon-rich content within the pores of the rocks consisted of the remains of living matter. Because <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a> is the fourth most abundant element in the universe (after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen), the presence of shapes resembling living organisms was considered insufficient by most attendees to prove that bacteria once lived on Mars.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A team concluded in 2014 that although the non-biological scenario is considered to be the most reasonable explanation for the shapes in this meteorite, it is evident that the Martian subsurface contains niche environments where life could develop.<sup id="cite_ref-Biomorphs_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biomorphs-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Amino_acids_within_the_meteorite">Amino acids within the meteorite</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhla_meteorite&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Amino acids within the meteorite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1999, various <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acids</a> were isolated from the meteorite fragment at Johnson Space Center. Among them were <a href="/wiki/Aspartic_acid" title="Aspartic acid">aspartic acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glutamic_acid" title="Glutamic acid">glutamic acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glycine" title="Glycine">glycine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alanine" title="Alanine">alanine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/%CE%93-aminobutyric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Γ-aminobutyric acid">γ-aminobutyric acid</a>. However, it is not clear whether they were initially from the meteorite or the product of terrestrial contamination.<sup id="cite_ref-pnas1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pnas1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhla_meteorite&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Hills_84001" title="Allan Hills 84001">Allan Hills 84001</a>, Martian meteorite</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology" title="Astrobiology">Astrobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosignature" title="Biosignature">Biosignature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_meteoritics" title="Glossary of meteoritics">Glossary of meteoritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_on_Mars_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Life on Mars (planet)">Life on Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meteorites_on_Mars" class="mw-redirect" title="List of meteorites on Mars">List of meteorites on Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Africa_7034" title="Northwest Africa 7034">Northwest Africa 7034</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panspermia" title="Panspermia">Panspermia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shergotty_meteorite" title="Shergotty meteorite">Shergotty meteorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_000593" title="Yamato 000593">Yamato 000593</a>, Martian meteorite</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhla_meteorite&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-prior-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prior_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prior_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prior_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160527132206/https://www.minersoc.org/pages/Archive-MM/Volume_16/16-76-274.pdf">"the meteoric stones of El Nakhla El Baharia (Egypt)"</a>, by G.T.Prior, Keeper of Minerals in the British Museum; read November 14, 1911, <i><a href="/wiki/Mineralogical_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mineralogical Magazine">Mineralogical Magazine</a>,</i> 1912, vol. 16, pp. 274–281</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NASA_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASA_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASA_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/snc/nakhla.html">"The Nakhla Meteorite"</a> – From <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/virtual-wonders/vrmeteorite5.html">"Nakhla meteorite fragment"</a> – From the Natural History Museum. Rotatable image of a fragment of the meteorite. URL accessed September 6, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NTRS-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NTRS_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NTRS_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcBridge,_Kathleen_M.Righter,_K.2011" class="citation conference cs1">McBridge, Kathleen M.; Righter, K. (August 8, 2011). <i>The 100th Anniversary of the Fall of Nakhla: The Subdivision of BM1913,25</i>. 74th Annual Meeting of the Meteroritical Society. <i>NASA Technical Reports Server</i>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2060%2F20110014358">2060/20110014358</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=conference&amp;rft.jtitle=NASA+Technical+Reports+Server&amp;rft.atitle=The+100th+Anniversary+of+the+Fall+of+Nakhla%3A+The+Subdivision+of+BM1913%2C25&amp;rft.date=2011-08-08&amp;rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2060%2F20110014358&amp;rft.au=McBridge%2C+Kathleen+M.&amp;rft.au=Righter%2C+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhla+meteorite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nakhladog-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nakhladog_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meteoritestudies.com/protected_nakhdog.htm">meteoritestudies.com</a> The Nakhla Dog</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohenMarkCassataLee2017" class="citation journal cs1">Cohen, Benjamin E.; Mark, Darren F.; Cassata, William S.; Lee, Martin R.; Tomkinson, Tim; Smith, Caroline L. (October 3, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5626741">"Taking the pulse of Mars via dating of a plume-fed volcano"</a>. <i>Nature Communications</i>. <b>8</b> (1): 640. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatCo...8..640C">2017NatCo...8..640C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41467-017-00513-8">10.1038/s41467-017-00513-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2041-1723">2041-1723</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5626741">5626741</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28974682">28974682</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&amp;rft.atitle=Taking+the+pulse+of+Mars+via+dating+of+a+plume-fed+volcano&amp;rft.volume=8&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=640&amp;rft.date=2017-10-03&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5626741%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017NatCo...8..640C&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28974682&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41467-017-00513-8&amp;rft.issn=2041-1723&amp;rft.aulast=Cohen&amp;rft.aufirst=Benjamin+E.&amp;rft.au=Mark%2C+Darren+F.&amp;rft.au=Cassata%2C+William+S.&amp;rft.au=Lee%2C+Martin+R.&amp;rft.au=Tomkinson%2C+Tim&amp;rft.au=Smith%2C+Caroline+L.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5626741&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhla+meteorite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/snc/index.html">"Mars Meteorites"</a>. NASA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mars+Meteorites&amp;rft.pub=NASA&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fsnc%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhla+meteorite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pnas1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pnas1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pnas1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Glavin, Daniel P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/96/16/8835.full">Amino acids in the Martian meteorite Naklah</a>. Retrieved November 13, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-debate-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-debate_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-debate_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4688938.stm">"Space rock re-opens Mars debate"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. February 8, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Space+rock+re-opens+Mars+debate&amp;rft.date=2006-02-08&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F4688938.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhla+meteorite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biomorphs-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Biomorphs_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biomorphs_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChatzitheodoridisHaighLyon2014" class="citation journal cs1">Chatzitheodoridis, Elias; Haigh, Sarah; Lyon, Ian (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4126275">"A Conspicuous Clay Ovoid in Nakhla: Evidence for Subsurface Hydrothermal Alteration on Mars with Implications for Astrobiology"</a>. <i>Astrobiology</i>. <b>14</b> (18): 651–693. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AsBio..14..651C">2014AsBio..14..651C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1089%2Fast.2013.1069">10.1089/ast.2013.1069</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4126275">4126275</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25046549">25046549</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Astrobiology&amp;rft.atitle=A+Conspicuous+Clay+Ovoid+in+Nakhla%3A+Evidence+for+Subsurface+Hydrothermal+Alteration+on+Mars+with+Implications+for+Astrobiology&amp;rft.volume=14&amp;rft.issue=18&amp;rft.pages=651-693&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4126275%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25046549&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1089%2Fast.2013.1069&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014AsBio..14..651C&amp;rft.aulast=Chatzitheodoridis&amp;rft.aufirst=Elias&amp;rft.au=Haigh%2C+Sarah&amp;rft.au=Lyon%2C+Ian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4126275&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhla+meteorite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitehouse1999" class="citation web cs1">Whitehouse, David (August 27, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/289214.stm">"Life on Mars – new claims"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Life+on+Mars+%E2%80%93+new+claims&amp;rft.date=1999-08-27&amp;rft.aulast=Whitehouse&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F289214.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhla+meteorite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHendrix2012" class="citation book cs1">Hendrix, Howard V. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.analogsf.com"><i>Red Rover, Red Rover</i></a>. Analog SFSF (July/Aug). pp.&#160;109–116.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Red+Rover%2C+Red+Rover&amp;rft.pages=109-116&amp;rft.pub=Analog+SFSF+%28July%2FAug%29&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.aulast=Hendrix&amp;rft.aufirst=Howard+V.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.analogsf.com&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakhla+meteorite" class="Z3988"></span> (Nakhla meteorite part of the plot)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhla_meteorite&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarhus_(meteorite)" title="Aarhus (meteorite)">Aarhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abee_(meteorite)" title="Abee (meteorite)">Abee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelie_Land_meteorite" title="Adelie Land meteorite">Adelie Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adhi_Kot_(meteorite)" title="Adhi Kot (meteorite)">Adhi Kot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adzhi-Bogdo" title="Adzhi-Bogdo">Adzhi-Bogdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agen_(meteorite)" title="Agen (meteorite)">Agen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbarpur_(meteorite)" title="Akbarpur (meteorite)">Akbarpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albareto_(meteorite)" title="Albareto (meteorite)">Albareto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aletai_meteorite" title="Aletai meteorite">Aletai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Hills_77005" title="Allan Hills 77005">Allan Hills 77005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Hills_A81005" title="Allan Hills A81005">Allan Hills A81005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Hills_84001" title="Allan Hills 84001">Allan Hills 84001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegan_(meteorite)" title="Allegan (meteorite)">Allegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allende_meteorite" title="Allende meteorite">Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambapur_Nagla" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambapur Nagla">Ambapur Nagla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andura" class="mw-redirect" title="Andura">Andura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angers_(meteorite)" title="Angers (meteorite)">Angers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angra_dos_Reis_meteorite" title="Angra dos Reis meteorite">Angra dos Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankober_(meteorite)" title="Ankober (meteorite)">Ankober</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anlong_(meteorite)" title="Anlong (meteorite)">Anlong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annaheim_meteorite" title="Annaheim meteorite">Annaheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appley_Bridge_meteorite" title="Appley Bridge meteorite">Appley Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbol_Solo_(meteorite)" title="Arbol Solo (meteorite)">Arbol Solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_(meteorite)" title="Archie (meteorite)">Archie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arroyo_Aguiar_(meteorite)" title="Arroyo Aguiar (meteorite)">Arroyo Aguiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assisi_(meteorite)" title="Assisi (meteorite)">Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atoka_meteorite" title="Atoka meteorite">Atoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avanhandava_(meteorite)" title="Avanhandava (meteorite)">Avanhandava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baszk%C3%B3wka_(meteorite)" title="Baszkówka (meteorite)">Baszkówka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beardsley_meteorite" title="Beardsley meteorite">Beardsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendeg%C3%B3_meteorite" title="Bendegó meteorite">Bendegó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellsbank_meteorite" title="Bellsbank meteorite">Bellsbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bench_Crater_meteorite" title="Bench Crater meteorite">Bench Crater (Moon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benton_meteorite" title="Benton meteorite">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_(meteorite)" title="Białystok (meteorite)">Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blithfield_meteorite" title="Blithfield meteorite">Blithfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_Island_meteorite" title="Block Island meteorite">Block Island (Mars)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bovedy_(meteorite)" title="Bovedy (meteorite)">Bovedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachina_meteorite" title="Brachina meteorite">Brachina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahin_(meteorite)" title="Brahin (meteorite)">Brahin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braunschweig_meteorite" title="Braunschweig meteorite">Braunschweig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenham_(meteorite)" title="Brenham (meteorite)">Brenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzzard_Coulee_meteorite" title="Buzzard Coulee meteorite">Buzzard Coulee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">C–D</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campo_del_Cielo" title="Campo del Cielo">Campo del Cielo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon_Diablo_(meteorite)" title="Canyon Diablo (meteorite)">Canyon Diablo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_York_meteorite" title="Cape York meteorite">Cape York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carancas_meteorite" class="mw-redirect" title="Carancas meteorite">Carancas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambord_meteorite" title="Chambord meteorite">Chambord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chassigny_(meteorite)" title="Chassigny (meteorite)">Chassigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk_meteorite" title="Chelyabinsk meteorite">Chelyabinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chergach" title="Chergach">Chergach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinga_meteorite" title="Chinga meteorite">Chinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinguetti_meteorite" title="Chinguetti meteorite">Chinguetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claxton_meteorite" title="Claxton meteorite">Claxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coahuila_meteorite" title="Coahuila meteorite">Coahuila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranbourne_meteorite" title="Cranbourne meteorite">Cranbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Orbigny_meteorite" title="D&#39;Orbigny meteorite">D'Orbigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dronino_meteorite" title="Dronino meteorite">Dronino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">E–F</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Station_meteorite" title="Eagle Station meteorite">Eagle Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Ali_meteorite" title="El Ali meteorite">El Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbogen_(meteorite)" title="Elbogen (meteorite)">Elbogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensisheim_(meteorite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensisheim (meteorite)">Ensisheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquel_(meteorite)" title="Esquel (meteorite)">Esquel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukang_(meteorite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukang (meteorite)">Fukang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">G–H</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gao%E2%80%93Guenie_meteorite" title="Gao–Guenie meteorite">Gao–Guenie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Gulch_meteorite" title="Gay Gulch meteorite">Gay Gulch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebel_Kamil_(meteorite)" title="Gebel Kamil (meteorite)">Gebel Kamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibeon_(meteorite)" title="Gibeon (meteorite)">Gibeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_Lake_meteorite" title="Goose Lake meteorite">Goose Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_meteorite" title="Grant meteorite">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadley_Rille_meteorite" title="Hadley Rille meteorite">Hadley Rille (Moon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_Shield_Rock" title="Heat Shield Rock">Heat Shield Rock (Mars)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Possil_meteorite&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="High Possil meteorite (page does not exist)">High Possil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoba_meteorite" title="Hoba meteorite">Hoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_(meteorite)" title="Homestead (meteorite)">Homestead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hraschina_meteorite" title="Hraschina meteorite">Hraschina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huckitta_(meteorite)" title="Huckitta (meteorite)">Huckitta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">I–J</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imilac" title="Imilac">Imilac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itqiy_meteorite" title="Itqiy meteorite">Itqiy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">K–L</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaidun_meteorite" title="Kaidun meteorite">Kaidun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kainsaz_meteorite" title="Kainsaz meteorite">Kainsaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoonda_meteorite" title="Karoonda meteorite">Karoonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesen_meteorite" title="Kesen meteorite">Kesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatyrka_meteorite" title="Khatyrka meteorite">Khatyrka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnojarsk_(meteorite)" title="Krasnojarsk (meteorite)">Krasnojarsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Aigle_(meteorite)" title="L&#39;Aigle (meteorite)">L'Aigle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lac_Dodon" title="Lac Dodon">Lac Dodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loreto_(meteorite)" title="Loreto (meteorite)">Loreto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81owicz_(meteorite)" title="Łowicz (meteorite)">Łowicz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">M–N</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mackinac_Island_meteorite" title="Mackinac Island meteorite">Mackinac Island (Mars)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbosi_meteorite" title="Mbosi meteorite">Mbosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesbrough_meteorite" title="Middlesbrough meteorite">Middlesbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millbillillie_(meteorite)" title="Millbillillie (meteorite)">Millbillillie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineo_(meteorite)" title="Mineo (meteorite)">Mineo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Milone_(meteorite)" title="Monte Milone (meteorite)">Monte Milone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss_meteorite" title="Moss meteorite">Moss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundrabilla_(meteorite)" title="Mundrabilla (meteorite)">Mundrabilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muonionalusta" title="Muonionalusta">Muonionalusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murchison_meteorite" title="Murchison meteorite">Murchison</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nakhla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantan_meteorite" title="Nantan meteorite">Nantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuschwanstein_(meteorite)" title="Neuschwanstein (meteorite)">Neuschwanstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Africa_3009" title="Northwest Africa 3009">Northwest Africa 3009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Africa_7034" title="Northwest Africa 7034">Northwest Africa 7034</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Africa_7325" title="Northwest Africa 7325">Northwest Africa 7325</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norton_County_(meteorite)" title="Norton County (meteorite)">Norton County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novato_meteorite" title="Novato meteorite">Novato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">O–P</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oile%C3%A1n_Ruaidh_(Mars_rock)" title="Oileán Ruaidh (Mars rock)">Oileán Ruaidh (Mars)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Woman_meteorite" title="Old Woman meteorite">Old Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldenburg_meteorite" title="Oldenburg meteorite">Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omolon_(meteorite)" title="Omolon (meteorite)">Omolon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgueil_(meteorite)" title="Orgueil (meteorite)">Orgueil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornans_(meteorite)" title="Ornans (meteorite)">Ornans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osseo_meteorite" title="Osseo meteorite">Osseo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ourique_(meteorite)" title="Ourique (meteorite)">Ourique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallasovka_(meteorite)" title="Pallasovka (meteorite)">Pallasovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paragould_meteorite" title="Paragould meteorite">Paragould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Forest_(meteorite)" title="Park Forest (meteorite)">Park Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlovka_(meteorite)" title="Pavlovka (meteorite)">Pavlovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_River_(meteorite)" title="Peace River (meteorite)">Peace River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peekskill_meteorite" title="Peekskill meteorite">Peekskill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penouille_meteorite" title="Penouille meteorite">Penouille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C5%99%C3%ADbram_meteorite" title="Příbram meteorite">Příbram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pultusk_(meteorite)" title="Pultusk (meteorite)">Pultusk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Q–R</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qidong_(meteorite)" title="Qidong (meteorite)">Qidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richardton_meteorite" title="Richardton meteorite">Richardton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renazzo_meteorite" title="Renazzo meteorite">Renazzo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">S–T</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_de_Viterbo_Meteorite" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Rosa de Viterbo Meteorite">Santa Rosa de Viterbo Meteorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Vitoria_do_Palmar_meteorite" title="Santa Vitoria do Palmar meteorite">Santa Vitoria do Palmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayh_al_Uhaymir_169" title="Sayh al Uhaymir 169">Sayh al Uhaymir 169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymchan_(meteorite)" title="Seymchan (meteorite)">Seymchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelter_Island_meteorite" title="Shelter Island meteorite">Shelter Island (Mars)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shergotty_meteorite" title="Shergotty meteorite">Shergotty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhote-Alin_meteorite" title="Sikhote-Alin meteorite">Sikhote-Alin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/So%C5%82tmany_(meteorite)" title="Sołtmany (meteorite)">Sołtmany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springwater_meteorite" title="Springwater meteorite">Springwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St-Robert_meteorite" title="St-Robert meteorite">St-Robert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stannern_(meteorite)" title="Stannern (meteorite)">Stannern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathmore_meteorite" title="Strathmore meteorite">Strathmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulagiri_(meteorite)" title="Sulagiri (meteorite)">Sulagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutter%27s_Mill_meteorite" title="Sutter&#39;s Mill meteorite">Sutter's Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylacauga_(meteorite)" title="Sylacauga (meteorite)">Sylacauga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagish_Lake_(meteorite)" title="Tagish Lake (meteorite)">Tagish Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamdakht_meteorite" title="Tamdakht meteorite">Tamdakht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenham_(meteorite)" title="Tenham (meteorite)">Tenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tissint_meteorite" title="Tissint meteorite">Tissint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlacotepec_meteorite" title="Tlacotepec meteorite">Tlacotepec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toluca_(meteorite)" title="Toluca (meteorite)">Toluca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treysa_(meteorite)" title="Treysa (meteorite)">Treysa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsarev_(meteorite)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsarev (meteorite) (page does not exist)">Tsarev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twannberg_meteorite" title="Twannberg meteorite">Twannberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U–V</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Ustyug_(meteorite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Veliky Ustyug (meteorite)">Veliky Ustyug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermillion_meteorite" title="Vermillion meteorite">Vermillion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">W–X</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weston_meteorite" title="Weston meteorite">Weston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willamette_Meteorite" title="Willamette Meteorite">Willamette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchcombe_meteorite" title="Winchcombe meteorite">Winchcombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winona_meteorite" title="Winona meteorite">Winona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wold_Cottage_meteorite" title="Wold Cottage meteorite">Wold Cottage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Y–Z</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_691" title="Yamato 691">Yamato 691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_791197" title="Yamato 791197">Yamato 791197</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yardymly_(meteorite)" title="Yardymly (meteorite)">Yardymly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagami_meteorite" title="Zagami meteorite">Zagami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaisho" title="Zaisho">Zaisho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaklodzie_meteorite" title="Zaklodzie meteorite">Zaklodzie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>List: <a href="/wiki/Meteorite_fall" title="Meteorite fall">Meteorite fall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Meteorites_and_meteoritics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Meteorites" title="Template:Meteorites"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Meteorites" title="Template talk:Meteorites"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Meteorites" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Meteorites"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Meteorites_and_meteoritics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Meteorite" title="Meteorite">Meteorites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meteoritics" title="Meteoritics">meteoritics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meteorite" title="Meteorite">Meteorite</a>...</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_meteoritics" title="Glossary of meteoritics">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteorite_fall" title="Meteorite fall">Fall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolide" title="Bolide">bolide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impactite" title="Impactite">impactite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteorite_fall_statistics" title="Meteorite fall statistics">statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strewn_field" title="Strewn field">strewn field</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteorite_find" title="Meteorite find">Find</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meteorite_hunting" title="Meteorite hunting">hunting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_meteorites_on_Earth" title="List of largest meteorites on Earth">Largest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micrometeorite" title="Micrometeorite">Micrometeorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteorite#Notable_meteorites" title="Meteorite">Notable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parent_body" title="Parent body">Parent body</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meteorite_classification" title="Meteorite classification">Classification</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_type,_class,clan,_group_and_grouplet" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Category:Meteorite_types" title="Category:Meteorite types">type</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Meteorite_classes" title="Category:Meteorite classes">class</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Meteorite_clans" title="Category:Meteorite clans">clan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Meteorite_groups" title="Category:Meteorite groups">group</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Meteorite_grouplets" title="Category:Meteorite grouplets">grouplet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chondrite" title="Chondrite">Chondrite</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbonaceous_chondrite" title="Carbonaceous chondrite">Carbonaceous</a> <ul><li>CB</li> <li>CH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CI_chondrite" title="CI chondrite">CI</a></li> <li>CK</li> <li>CM</li> <li>CO</li> <li>CR</li> <li>CV</li> <li>C ungrouped</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enstatite_chondrite" title="Enstatite chondrite">Enstatite</a> <ul><li>EH</li> <li>EL</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chondrite#Kakangari_chondrites" title="Chondrite">Kakangari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_chondrite" title="Ordinary chondrite">Ordinary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H_chondrite" title="H chondrite">H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_chondrite" title="L chondrite">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LL_chondrite" title="LL chondrite">LL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chondrite#Rumuruti_chondrites" title="Chondrite">Rumuruti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Achondrite" title="Achondrite">Achondrite</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Primitive_achondrite" title="Primitive achondrite">Primitive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acapulcoite" title="Acapulcoite">Acapulcoite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachinite" title="Brachinite">Brachinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAB_meteorites" class="mw-redirect" title="IAB meteorites">IAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIICD_meteorite" title="IIICD meteorite">IIICD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodranite" title="Lodranite">Lodranite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ureilite" title="Ureilite">Ureilite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winonaite" title="Winonaite">Winonaite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asteroidal_achondrite" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteroidal achondrite">Asteroidal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angrite" title="Angrite">Angrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubrite" title="Aubrite">Aubrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HED_meteorite" title="HED meteorite">HED</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diogenite" title="Diogenite">Diogenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucrite" title="Eucrite">Eucrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howardite" title="Howardite">Howardite</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_meteorite" title="Lunar meteorite">Lunar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_breccia" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact breccia">Impact breccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mare_basalts" class="mw-redirect" title="Mare basalts">Mare basalts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_meteorites" title="List of lunar meteorites">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Martian_meteorite" title="Martian meteorite">Martian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Africa_7034" title="Northwest Africa 7034">Basaltic Breccia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Africa_7034" title="Northwest Africa 7034">NWA 7034</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chassignites" class="mw-redirect" title="Chassignites">Chassignites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaidun_meteorite" title="Kaidun meteorite">Kaidun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhlite" title="Nakhlite">Nakhlites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopyroxenite" title="Orthopyroxenite">Orthopyroxenite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Hills_84001" title="Allan Hills 84001">ALH84001</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_meteorite#Shergottites" title="Martian meteorite">Shergottites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Martian_meteorites" title="List of Martian meteorites">Martian meteorites list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meteorites_on_Mars" class="mw-redirect" title="List of meteorites on Mars">Meteorites on Mars list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iron_meteorite" title="Iron meteorite">Iron</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>IC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIAB_meteorites" title="IIAB meteorites">IIAB</a></li> <li>IIC</li> <li>IID</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIE_iron_meteorite" title="IIE iron meteorite">IIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIG_meteorite" title="IIG meteorite">IIG</a></li> <li>IIIAB</li> <li>IIIE</li> <li>IIIF</li> <li>IVA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IVB_meteorite" title="IVB meteorite">IVB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stony-iron_meteorite" title="Stony-iron meteorite">Stony-iron</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesosiderite" title="Mesosiderite">Mesosiderite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallasite" title="Pallasite">Pallasite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallasite_main_group" title="Pallasite main group">Main group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Station_group" title="Eagle Station group">Eagle Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroxene_pallasite_grouplet" title="Pyroxene pallasite grouplet">Pyroxene</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ataxite" title="Ataxite">Ataxite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexahedrite" title="Hexahedrite">Hexahedrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octahedrite" title="Octahedrite">Octahedrite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsolete terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphoterite" title="Amphoterite">Amphoterite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonmagmatic_meteorite" title="Nonmagmatic meteorite">Nonmagmatic meteorite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mineralogy" title="Mineralogy">Mineralogy</a> <br />and <a href="/wiki/Petrology" title="Petrology">petrology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Characteristics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meteorite_shock_stage" title="Meteorite shock stage">shock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_known_weight" title="Total known weight">TKW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteorite_weathering" title="Meteorite weathering">weathering</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chondrule" title="Chondrule">chondrule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presolar_grains" title="Presolar grains">presolar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meteorite_minerals" title="List of meteorite minerals">Minerals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcium%E2%80%93aluminium-rich_inclusion" title="Calcium–aluminium-rich inclusion">Ca–Al-rich inclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_materials" title="Extraterrestrial materials">extraterrestrial materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteoric_iron" title="Meteoric iron">meteoric iron</a></li></ul></li> <li>Patterns <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neumann_lines" title="Neumann lines">Neumann lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widmanst%C3%A4tten_pattern" title="Widmanstätten pattern">Widmanstätten</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CI1_fossils" title="CI1 fossils">CI1 fossils</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Meteorites by <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Meteorites_by_find_location" title="Category:Meteorites by find location">find location</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Meteorites_by_type" title="Category:Meteorites by type">type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Meteorite_prizes" title="Category:Meteorite prizes">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Meteoritics_publications" title="Category:Meteoritics publications">Journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Meteorite_organizations" title="Category:Meteorite organizations">Organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_entry" title="Atmospheric entry">Atmospheric entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">Comet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteor" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteor">Meteor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meteor_shower" title="Meteor shower">shower</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteoroid" title="Meteoroid">Meteoroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth object</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mars" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mars" title="Template:Mars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mars" title="Template talk:Mars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Mars" title="Outline of Mars">Outline of Mars</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Areography" title="Areography">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Mars" title="Atmosphere of Mars">Atmosphere</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_general_circulation_model" title="Mars general circulation model">Circulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Mars" title="Climate of Mars">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_dust_devils" title="Martian dust devils">Dust devil tracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_methane_on_Mars" title="Natural methane on Mars">Methane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrae_on_Mars" title="List of terrae on Mars">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra">Arabia Terra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerberus_(Mars)" title="Cerberus (Mars)">Cerberus (Mars)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cydonia_(Mars)" title="Cydonia (Mars)">Cydonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eridania_Lake" title="Eridania Lake">Eridania Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iani_Chaos" title="Iani Chaos">Iani Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia_Undae" title="Olympia Undae">Olympia Undae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planum_Australe" title="Planum Australe">Planum Australe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planum_Boreum" title="Planum Boreum">Planum Boreum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_quadrangles_on_Mars" title="List of quadrangles on Mars">Quadrangles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinus_Meridiani" title="Sinus Meridiani">Sinus Meridiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempe_Terra" title="Tempe Terra">Tempe Terra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Cimmeria" title="Terra Cimmeria">Terra Cimmeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Sabaea" title="Terra Sabaea">Terra Sabaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharsis" title="Tharsis">Tharsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extraterrestrial_dune_fields" title="List of extraterrestrial dune fields">Undae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Polar_Lander#Landing_zone" title="Mars Polar Lander">Ultimi Scopuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastitas_Borealis" title="Vastitas Borealis">Vastitas Borealis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_surface_features_of_Mars" title="Common surface features of Mars">Physical<br />features</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martian_canals" title="Martian canals">"Canals"</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Martian_canals" title="List of Martian canals">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasma#Mars" title="Chasma">Canyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crater_chain" title="Crater chain">Catenae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_terrain" title="Chaos terrain">Chaos terrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_craters_on_Mars" title="List of craters on Mars">Craters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossa_(planetary_nomenclature)" title="Fossa (planetary nomenclature)">Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullies_on_Mars" title="Gullies on Mars">Gullies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mensa_(geology)" title="Mensa (geology)">Mensae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_nomenclature#Descriptor_terms_(feature_types)" title="Planetary nomenclature">Labyrinthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_on_Mars" title="List of mountains on Mars">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_on_Mars_by_height" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mountains on Mars by height">by height</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rocks_on_Mars" title="List of rocks on Mars">Observed rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outflow_channels" title="Outflow channels">Outflow channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_plains_on_Mars" title="List of plains on Mars">Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_network_(Mars)" title="Valley network (Mars)">Valley network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallis_(planetary_geology)" title="Vallis (planetary geology)">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_of_Mars" title="Gravity of Mars">Gravity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Mars" title="Geology of Mars">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brain_terrain" title="Brain terrain">Brain terrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonates_on_Mars" title="Carbonates on Mars">Carbonates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_of_chaos_terrain_on_Mars" title="List of areas of chaos terrain on Mars">Chaos terrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_surface_color" title="Mars surface color">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composition_of_Mars" title="Composition of Mars">Composition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentric_crater_fill" title="Concentric crater fill">Concentric crater fill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_slope_streak" title="Dark slope streak">Dark slope streak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_dichotomy" title="Martian dichotomy">Dichotomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fretted_terrain" title="Fretted terrain">Fretted terrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geysers_on_Mars" title="Geysers on Mars">Geysers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaciers_on_Mars" title="Glaciers on Mars">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundwater_on_Mars" title="Groundwater on Mars">Groundwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullies_on_Mars" title="Gullies on Mars">Gullies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakes_on_Mars" title="Lakes on Mars">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_lava_tube" title="Martian lava tube">Lava tubes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobate_debris_apron" title="Lobate debris apron">Lobate debris apron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsquake" title="Marsquake">Marsquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_meteorite" title="Martian meteorite">Meteorites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Martian_meteorites" title="List of Martian meteorites">on Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rocks_on_Mars" title="List of rocks on Mars">on Mars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud_cracks_on_Mars" title="Mud cracks on Mars">Mud cracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Polar_Basin_(Mars)" title="North Polar Basin (Mars)">North Polar Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_ocean_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars ocean hypothesis">Ocean hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ore_resources_on_Mars" title="Ore resources on Mars">Ore resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_polar_ice_caps" title="Martian polar ice caps">Polar caps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/True_polar_wander_on_Mars" title="True polar wander on Mars">polar wander</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasonal_flows_on_warm_Martian_slopes" title="Seasonal flows on warm Martian slopes">Recurring slope lineae (RSL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_mold_crater" title="Ring mold crater">Ring mold craters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootless_cone" title="Rootless cone">Rootless cones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasonal_flows_on_warm_Martian_slopes" title="Seasonal flows on warm Martian slopes">Seasonal flows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_soil" class="mw-redirect" title="Martian soil">Soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_spherules" title="Martian spherules">Spherules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_surface" title="Martian surface">Surface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cheese_features" title="Swiss cheese features">"Swiss cheese" feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrain_softening" title="Terrain softening">Terrain softening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharsis#Location_and_Size" title="Tharsis">Tharsis bulge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_on_Mars" title="Volcanism on Mars">Volcanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_on_Mars" title="Water on Mars">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yardangs_on_Mars" title="Yardangs on Mars">Yardangs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geological_history_of_Mars" title="Geological history of Mars">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_(Mars)" title="Amazonian (Mars)">Amazonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperian" title="Hesperian">Hesperian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noachian" title="Noachian">Noachian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mars_observation" title="History of Mars observation">Observation history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_albedo_features_on_Mars" title="Classical albedo features on Mars">Classical albedo features</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Astronomy_on_Mars" title="Astronomy on Mars">Astronomy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Mars" title="Moons of Mars">Moons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_(moon)" title="Phobos (moon)">Phobos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stickney_(crater)" title="Stickney (crater)">Stickney crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limtoc" title="Limtoc">Limtoc crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_monolith" title="Phobos monolith">Monolith</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_(moon)" title="Deimos (moon)">Deimos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swift_(Deimian_crater)" title="Swift (Deimian crater)">Swift crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire_(crater)" title="Voltaire (crater)">Voltaire crater</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_transit" title="Astronomical transit">Transits</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipses_on_Mars" title="Solar eclipses on Mars">Solar eclipses on Mars</a></li> <li>Satellite transits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transit_of_Phobos_from_Mars" title="Transit of Phobos from Mars">Phobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_of_Deimos_from_Mars" title="Transit of Deimos from Mars">Deimos</a></li></ul></li> <li>Planetary transits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transit_of_Earth_from_Mars" title="Transit of Earth from Mars">Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_of_Mercury_from_Mars" title="Transit of Mercury from Mars">Mercury</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_events_on_Mars" title="Impact events on Mars">Impacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Mars-crossing minor planets">Mars-crossers</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_WD5" title="2007 WD5">2007 WD<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">5</span></span></a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_trojan" title="Mars trojan">Trojans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5261_Eureka" title="5261 Eureka">5261 Eureka</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(101429)_1998_VF31" title="(101429) 1998 VF31">1998 VF<sub>31</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(121514)_1999_UJ7" title="(121514) 1999 UJ7">1999 UJ<sub>7</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(311999)_2007_NS2" title="(311999) 2007 NS2">2007 NS<sub>2</sub></a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_A1_(Siding_Spring)" title="C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)">C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbit_of_Mars" title="Orbit of Mars">Orbit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">Exploration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_flyby" title="Mars flyby">Flyby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_orbiters" title="List of Mars orbiters">Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_landing" title="Mars landing">Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_rover" title="Mars rover">Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_sample-return_mission" title="Mars sample-return mission">Sample return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_mission_to_Mars" title="Human mission to Mars">Human mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_to_Stay" title="Mars to Stay">Permanent settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_Mars" title="Colonization of Mars">Colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraforming_of_Mars" title="Terraforming of Mars">Terraforming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mars_spacecraft" title="Template:Mars spacecraft">Missions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Mars" title="List of missions to Mars">List of missions to Mars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advocacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mars_Project" title="The Mars Project">The Mars Project</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Case_for_Mars" title="The Case for Mars">The Case for Mars</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspiration_Mars_Foundation" title="Inspiration Mars Foundation">Inspiration Mars Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Institute" title="Mars Institute">Mars Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Society" title="Mars Society">Mars Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_race" title="Mars race">Mars race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_Mars" title="List of artificial objects on Mars">Artificial objects on Mars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extraterrestrial_memorials#Mars" title="List of extraterrestrial memorials">Memorials on Mars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_in_fiction" title="Mars in fiction">Fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_on_Mars" title="List of films set on Mars">List of films set on Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_scientist" title="Martian scientist">Martian scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_(mythology)" title="Mars (mythology)">Mythology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Mars" title="Flag of Mars">Flag of Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_on_Mars" title="Life on Mars">Life on Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Earth" title="Sub-Earth">Sub-Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timekeeping_on_Mars" title="Timekeeping on Mars">Timekeeping on Mars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_sol" title="Mars sol">Sol (day on Mars)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darian_calendar" title="Darian calendar">Darian calendar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>&#160;<span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mars" title="Category:Mars">Category</a></li> <li>&#160;<span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/22px-Solar_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/34px-Solar_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/45px-Solar_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Solar_System" title="Portal:Solar System">Solar System&#32;portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Astrobiology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Astrobiology" title="Template:Astrobiology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Astrobiology" title="Template talk:Astrobiology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Astrobiology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Astrobiology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Astrobiology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology" title="Astrobiology">Astrobiology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrochemistry" title="Astrochemistry">Astrochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrophysics" title="Astrophysics">Astrophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric sciences">Atmospheric sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">Biochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_biology" title="Evolutionary biology">Evolutionary biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanetology" class="mw-redirect" title="Exoplanetology">Exoplanetology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomicrobiology" title="Geomicrobiology">Geomicrobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microbiology" title="Microbiology">Microbiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontology" title="Paleontology">Paleontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_oceanography" title="Planetary oceanography">Planetary oceanography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_science" title="Planetary science">Planetary science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiogenesis" title="Abiogenesis">Abiogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Hills_84001" title="Allan Hills 84001">Allan Hills 84001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomolecule" title="Biomolecule">Biomolecule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosignature" title="Biosignature">Biosignature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake_equation" title="Drake equation">Drake equation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms" title="Earliest known life forms">Earliest known life forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_analog" title="Earth analog">Earth analog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">Extraterrestrial life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_sample_curation" title="Extraterrestrial sample curation">Extraterrestrial sample curation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremophile" title="Extremophile">Extremophiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothetical_types_of_biochemistry" title="Hypothetical types of biochemistry">Hypothetical types of biochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_microorganisms_tested_in_outer_space" title="List of microorganisms tested in outer space">List of microorganisms tested in outer space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean planet">Ocean planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panspermia" title="Panspermia">Panspermia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_protection" title="Planetary protection">Planetary protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Search for extraterrestrial intelligence">Search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_000593" title="Yamato 000593">Yamato meteorite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Planetary_habitability" title="Planetary habitability">Planetary<br />habitability</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_habitable_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumstellar habitable zone">Circumstellar habitable zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_analog" title="Earth analog">Earth analog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_liquid_water" title="Extraterrestrial liquid water">Extraterrestrial liquid water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_habitable_zone" title="Galactic habitable zone">Galactic habitable zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_binary_star_systems" title="Habitability of binary star systems">Habitability of binary star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_natural_satellites" title="Habitability of natural satellites">Habitability of natural satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_neutron_star_systems" title="Habitability of neutron star systems">Habitability of neutron star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_red_dwarf_systems" title="Habitability of red dwarf systems">Habitability of red dwarf systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_K-type_main-sequence_star_systems" title="Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems">Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_yellow_dwarf_systems" title="Habitability of yellow dwarf systems">Habitability of yellow dwarf systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_F-type_main-sequence_star_systems" title="Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems">Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_zone_for_complex_life" title="Habitable zone for complex life">Habitable zone for complex life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_potentially_habitable_exoplanets" title="List of potentially habitable exoplanets">List of potentially habitable exoplanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tholin" title="Tholin">Tholin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhabitable_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Superhabitable planet">Superhabitable planet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Space<br /> missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Earth orbit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flyer_Unit#Experimentation_data" title="Space Flyer Unit">BIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17#Biological_cosmic_ray_experiment" title="Apollo 17">BIOCORE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biolab" title="Biolab">Biolab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bion_(satellite)" title="Bion (satellite)">Bion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIOPAN" title="BIOPAN">BIOPAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosatellite_program" title="Biosatellite program">Biosatellite program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposing_Microorganisms_in_the_Stratosphere" title="Exposing Microorganisms in the Stratosphere">E-MIST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exobiology_Radiation_Assembly" title="Exobiology Radiation Assembly">ERA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EuCROPIS" title="EuCROPIS">Eu:CROPIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Duration_Exposure_Facility#EXOSTACK" title="Long Duration Exposure Facility">EXOSTACK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXPOSE" title="EXPOSE">EXPOSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Lunar_lander" title="Chang&#39;e 4">Lunar Micro Ecosystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O/OREOS" title="O/OREOS">O/OREOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OREOcube" title="OREOcube">OREOcube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanpopo_(mission)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanpopo (mission)">Tanpopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_Production_System" title="Vegetable Production System">VEGGIE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Mars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beagle_2" title="Beagle 2">Beagle 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fobos-Grunt" title="Fobos-Grunt">Fobos-Grunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)">Phoenix</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)"><i>Zhurong</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trace_Gas_Orbiter" title="Trace Gas Orbiter">Trace Gas Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_lander_biological_experiments" title="Viking lander biological experiments">Viking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Comets and<br />asteroids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Heliocentric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BioSentinel" title="BioSentinel">BioSentinel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(Titan_space_probe)" title="Dragonfly (Titan space probe)">Dragonfly</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)" title="Rosalind Franklin (rover)"><i>Rosalind Franklin</i> rover</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Enceladus_mission" title="Breakthrough Enceladus mission">Breakthrough Enceladus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRUIE" title="BRUIE">BRUIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAESAR_(spacecraft)" title="CAESAR (spacecraft)">CAESAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Explorer" title="Enceladus Explorer">Enceladus Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Life_Finder" title="Enceladus Life Finder">Enceladus Life Finder‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Life_Signatures_and_Habitability" title="Enceladus Life Signatures and Habitability">Enceladus Life Signatures and Habitability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Orbilander" title="Enceladus Orbilander">Enceladus Orbilander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Lander_(NASA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa Lander (NASA)">Europa Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoLance" title="ExoLance">ExoLance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_of_Enceladus_and_Titan" title="Explorer of Enceladus and Titan">Explorer of Enceladus and Titan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icebreaker_Life" title="Icebreaker Life">Icebreaker Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_Enceladus_and_Titan" title="Journey to Enceladus and Titan">Journey to Enceladus and Titan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laplace-P" title="Laplace-P">Laplace-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Investigation_For_Enceladus" title="Life Investigation For Enceladus">Life Investigation For Enceladus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_sample_return_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars sample return mission">Mars sample return mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus_(Titan_orbiter)" title="Oceanus (Titan orbiter)">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THEO" title="THEO">THEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trident_(spacecraft)" title="Trident (spacecraft)">Trident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Cancelled and <br />undeveloped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology_Field_Laboratory" title="Astrobiology Field Laboratory">Astrobiology Field Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beagle_3" title="Beagle 3">Beagle 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_Oxidant_and_Life_Detection" title="Biological Oxidant and Life Detection">Biological Oxidant and Life Detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazachok" title="Kazachok">Kazachok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_Interplanetary_Flight_Experiment" title="Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment">Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Astrobiology_Explorer-Cacher" title="Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher">Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MELOS" title="MELOS">MELOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Light_(spacecraft)" title="Northern Light (spacecraft)">Northern Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Red_Dragon" title="SpaceX Red Dragon">Red Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_Planet_Finder" title="Terrestrial Planet Finder">Terrestrial Planet Finder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Institutions<br />and programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology_Society_of_Britain" title="Astrobiology Society of Britain">Astrobiology Society of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology_Science_and_Technology_for_Exploring_Planets" title="Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets">Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Initiatives" title="Breakthrough Initiatives">Breakthrough Initiatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Listen" title="Breakthrough Listen">Breakthrough Listen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Message" class="mw-redirect" title="Breakthrough Message">Breakthrough Message</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Starshot" title="Breakthrough Starshot">Breakthrough Starshot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan_Institute" title="Carl Sagan Institute">Carl Sagan Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Life_Detection_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Center for Life Detection Science">Center for Life Detection Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Astrobiology_Network_Association" title="European Astrobiology Network Association">European Astrobiology Network Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MERMOZ" title="MERMOZ">MERMOZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astrobiology_Institute" title="NASA Astrobiology Institute">NASA Astrobiology Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_for_Exoplanet_System_Science" title="Nexus for Exoplanet System Science">Nexus for Exoplanet System Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Worlds_Exploration_Program" title="Ocean Worlds Exploration Program">Ocean Worlds Exploration Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Astrobiology_Center" title="Spanish Astrobiology Center">Spanish Astrobiology Center‎</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Astrobiology" title="Category:Astrobiology">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Astrobiology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Astrobiology">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extraterrestrial_life" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Extraterrestrial_life" title="Template:Extraterrestrial life"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Extraterrestrial_life" title="Template talk:Extraterrestrial life"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Extraterrestrial_life" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Extraterrestrial life"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extraterrestrial_life" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">Extraterrestrial life</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Events and objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shergotty_meteorite" title="Shergotty meteorite">Shergotty meteorite</a> (1865)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nakhla meteorite</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murchison_meteorite" title="Murchison meteorite">Murchison meteorite</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_lander_biological_experiments" title="Viking lander biological experiments">Viking lander biological experiments</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Hills_77005" title="Allan Hills 77005">Allan Hills 77005</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Hills_84001" title="Allan Hills 84001">Allan Hills 84001</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_000593" title="Yamato 000593">Yamato 000593</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CI1_fossils" title="CI1 fossils">CI1 fossils</a> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Signals of interest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Misidentified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PSR_B1919%2B21" title="PSR B1919+21">CP 1919</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(misidentified pulsar)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTA-102" title="CTA-102">CTA-102</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(misidentified quasar)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Stars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tabby%27s_Star" title="Tabby&#39;s Star">KIC 8462852</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(unusual light fluctuations)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPIC_204278916" title="EPIC 204278916">EPIC 204278916</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(unusual light fluctuations)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VVV-WIT-07" title="VVV-WIT-07">VVV-WIT-07</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(unusual light fluctuations)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_164595" title="HD 164595">HD 164595 signal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(unknown origin)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SHGb02%2B14a" title="SHGb02+14a">SHGb02+14a</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(radio source)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wow!_signal" title="Wow! signal">Wow! signal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(inconclusive)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_radio_burst" title="Fast radio burst">Fast radio burst</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(unknown origin)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BLC1" title="BLC1">BLC1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(radio signal)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Life in the Universe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms" title="Earliest known life forms">Earliest known life forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_habitability_in_the_Solar_System" title="Planetary habitability in the Solar System">Planetary habitability in the Solar System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_on_Venus" title="Life on Venus">Life on Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_on_Mars" title="Life on Mars">Life on Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_on_Titan" title="Life on Titan">Life on Titan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Planetary_habitability" title="Planetary habitability">Planetary<br />habitability</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalog_of_Nearby_Habitable_Systems" title="Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems">Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_habitable_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumstellar habitable zone">Circumstellar habitable zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_analog" title="Earth analog">Earth analog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_liquid_water" title="Extraterrestrial liquid water">Extraterrestrial liquid water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_habitable_zone" title="Galactic habitable zone">Galactic habitable zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_binary_star_systems" title="Habitability of binary star systems">Habitability of binary star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_natural_satellites" title="Habitability of natural satellites">Habitability of natural satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_neutron_star_systems" title="Habitability of neutron star systems">Habitability of neutron star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_red_dwarf_systems" title="Habitability of red dwarf systems">Habitability of red dwarf systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_K-type_main-sequence_star_systems" title="Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems">Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_yellow_dwarf_systems" title="Habitability of yellow dwarf systems">Habitability of yellow dwarf systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_F-type_main-sequence_star_systems" title="Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems">Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_potentially_habitable_exoplanets" title="List of potentially habitable exoplanets">List of potentially habitable exoplanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_habitability" title="Planetary habitability">Planetary habitability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhabitable_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Superhabitable planet">Superhabitable planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tholin" title="Tholin">Tholin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology#Missions" title="Astrobiology">Space missions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beagle_2" title="Beagle 2">Beagle 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_Oxidant_and_Life_Detection" title="Biological Oxidant and Life Detection">Biological Oxidant and Life Detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BioSentinel" title="BioSentinel">BioSentinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(spacecraft)" title="Darwin (spacecraft)">Darwin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(Titan_space_probe)" title="Dragonfly (Titan space probe)">Dragonfly</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Explorer" title="Enceladus Explorer">Enceladus Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Life_Finder" title="Enceladus Life Finder">Enceladus Life Finder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)" title="Rosalind Franklin (rover)"><i>Rosalind Franklin</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoLance" title="ExoLance">ExoLance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXPOSE" title="EXPOSE">EXPOSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foton-M" class="mw-redirect" title="Foton-M">Foton-M3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icebreaker_Life" title="Icebreaker Life">Icebreaker Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_Enceladus_and_Titan" title="Journey to Enceladus and Titan">Journey to Enceladus and Titan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laplace-P" title="Laplace-P">Laplace-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Investigation_For_Enceladus" title="Life Investigation For Enceladus">Life Investigation For Enceladus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_Interplanetary_Flight_Experiment" title="Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment">Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Geyser_Hopper" title="Mars Geyser Hopper">Mars Geyser Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_sample-return_mission" title="Mars sample-return mission">Mars sample-return mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Light_(spacecraft)" title="Northern Light (spacecraft)">Northern Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Red_Dragon" title="SpaceX Red Dragon">SpaceX Red Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanpopo_mission" title="Tanpopo mission">Tanpopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_Mare_Explorer" title="Titan Mare Explorer">Titan Mare Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_In_Situ_Explorer" title="Venus In Situ Explorer">Venus In Situ Explorer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_1" title="Viking 1">Viking 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_2" title="Viking 2">Viking 2</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_communication" title="Interstellar communication">Interstellar<br />communication</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_SETI" title="Active SETI">Active SETI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Telescope_Array" title="Allen Telescope Array">Allen Telescope Array</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arecibo_message" title="Arecibo message">Arecibo message</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arecibo_Observatory" title="Arecibo Observatory">Arecibo Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_SETI_Research_Center" title="Berkeley SETI Research Center">Berkeley SETI Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracewell_probe" title="Bracewell probe">Bracewell probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Initiatives" title="Breakthrough Initiatives">Breakthrough Initiatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Listen" title="Breakthrough Listen">Breakthrough Listen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Message" class="mw-redirect" title="Breakthrough Message">Breakthrough Message</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication_with_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence">Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauss%27s_Pythagorean_right_triangle_proposal" title="Gauss&#39;s Pythagorean right triangle proposal">Gauss's Pythagorean right triangle proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrolinguistics" title="Astrolinguistics">Astrolinguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincos_language" title="Lincos language">Lincos language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIROSETI" title="NIROSETI">NIROSETI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_plaque" title="Pioneer plaque">Pioneer plaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Cyclops" title="Project Cyclops">Project Cyclops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Ozma" title="Project Ozma">Project Ozma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Phoenix_(SETI)" title="Project Phoenix (SETI)">Project Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SERENDIP" title="SERENDIP">SERENDIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Search for extraterrestrial intelligence">Search for extraterrestrial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SETI@home" title="SETI@home">SETI@home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SetiQuest" title="SetiQuest">setiQuest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Voyager Golden Record">Voyager Golden Record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_hole_(radio)" title="Water hole (radio)">Water hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_language" title="Alien language">Xenolinguistics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_alleged_extraterrestrial_beings" title="List of alleged extraterrestrial beings">Types of alleged<br /> extraterrestrial beings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_being" title="Energy being">Energy beings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_alien" title="Grey alien">Grey aliens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insectoids_in_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Insectoids in science fiction">Insectoids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men" title="Little green men">Little green men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_aliens" title="Nordic aliens">Nordic aliens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reptilian_humanoid" title="Reptilian humanoid">Reptilian humanoids</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Hypotheses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_pluralism" title="Cosmic pluralism">Cosmic pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directed_panspermia" title="Directed panspermia">Directed panspermia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake_equation" title="Drake equation">Drake equation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Extraterrestrial hypothesis">Extraterrestrial hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermi_paradox" title="Fermi paradox">Fermi paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothetical_types_of_biochemistry" title="Hypothetical types of biochemistry">Hypothetical types of biochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_contamination" title="Interplanetary contamination">Interplanetary contamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kardashev_scale" title="Kardashev scale">Kardashev scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediocrity_principle" title="Mediocrity principle">Mediocrity principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panspermia" title="Panspermia">Panspermia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fermi_paradox" title="Fermi paradox">Fermi paradox</a> solutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aestivation_hypothesis" title="Aestivation hypothesis">Aestivation hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berserker_hypothesis" title="Berserker hypothesis">Berserker hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_forest_hypothesis" title="Dark forest hypothesis">Dark forest hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firstborn_hypothesis" title="Firstborn hypothesis">Firstborn hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Filter" title="Great Filter">Great Filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hart%E2%80%93Tipler_conjecture" title="Hart–Tipler conjecture">Hart–Tipler conjecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocatastrophism" title="Neocatastrophism">Neocatastrophism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetarium_hypothesis" title="Planetarium hypothesis">Planetarium hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_Earth_hypothesis" title="Rare Earth hypothesis">Rare Earth hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoo_hypothesis" title="Zoo hypothesis">Zoo hypothesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_extraterrestrial_life" title="Outline of extraterrestrial life">Related topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_astronauts" title="Ancient astronauts">Ancient astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology" title="Astrobiology">Astrobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astroecology" title="Astroecology">Astroecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosignature" title="Biosignature">Biosignature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookings_Report" title="Brookings Report">Brookings Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotheology" title="Exotheology">Exotheology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrials_in_fiction" title="Extraterrestrials in fiction">Extraterrestrials in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremophile" title="Extremophile">Extremophile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemolithin" title="Hemolithin">Hemolithin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_extraterrestrial_life_debate" title="History of the extraterrestrial life debate">History of the extraterrestrial life debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MERMOZ" title="MERMOZ">MERMOZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_for_Exoplanet_System_Science" title="Nexus for Exoplanet System Science">Nexus for Exoplanet System Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noosphere" title="Noosphere">Noogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_protection" title="Planetary protection">Planetary protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potential_cultural_impact_of_extraterrestrial_contact" title="Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact">Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-detection_policy" title="Post-detection policy">Post-detection policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_Scale" title="San Marino Scale">San Marino Scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technosignature" title="Technosignature">Technosignature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFO_religion" title="UFO religion">UFO religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenoarchaeology" title="Xenoarchaeology">Xenoarchaeology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐768j5 Cached time: 20241122143614 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.523 seconds Real time usage: 0.846 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2449/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 212396/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4597/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 76369/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.277/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8903773/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase 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