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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Landing locations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Landing_locations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Landing locations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Landing_locations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Missions_to_the_moons_of_Mars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missions_to_the_moons_of_Mars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Missions to the moons of Mars</span> 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission_milestone_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Mission milestone by country</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mission_milestone_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Missions_by_organization/company" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missions_by_organization/company"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Missions by organization/company</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Missions_by_organization/company-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future_missions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future_missions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Future missions</span> </div> </a> <button 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id="toc-Unrealized_concepts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unrealized_concepts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Unrealized concepts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Unrealized_concepts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Unrealized concepts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Unrealized_concepts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>1990s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>2000s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010s-2020s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s-2020s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>2010s-2020s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s-2020s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">List of missions to Mars</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spisak_misija_istra%C5%BEivanja_Marsa" title="Spisak misija istraživanja Marsa – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Spisak misija istraživanja Marsa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llista_de_missions_d%27exploraci%C3%B3_de_Mart" title="Llista de missions d'exploració de Mart – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llista de missions d'exploració de Mart" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsi-missioonide_loend" title="Marsi-missioonide loend – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Marsi-missioonide loend" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Sondas_espaciales_lanzadas_a_Marte" title="Anexo:Sondas espaciales lanzadas a Marte – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexo:Sondas espaciales lanzadas a Marte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="فهرست مأموریت به مریخ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فهرست مأموریت به مریخ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_de_missions_vers_Mars" title="Liste de missions vers Mars – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liste de missions vers Mars" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A1s%C3%A1rthaigh_a_scaoileadh_go_Mars" title="Spásárthaigh a scaoileadh go Mars – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Spásárthaigh a scaoileadh go Mars" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80" title="मंगल ग्रह के मिशन की सूची – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मंगल ग्रह के मिशन की सूची" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Marshoz_ind%C3%ADtott_%C5%B1rszond%C3%A1k_list%C3%A1ja" title="A Marshoz indított űrszondák listája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A Marshoz indított űrszondák listája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijst_van_ruimtevluchten_naar_Mars" title="Lijst van ruimtevluchten naar Mars – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lijst van ruimtevluchten naar Mars" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_uppdrag_till_Mars" title="Lista över uppdrag till Mars – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lista över uppdrag till Mars" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="火星探测任务列表 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="火星探测任务列表" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2164101#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Spaceflight" title="Category:Spaceflight">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Spaceflight" title="Spaceflight">Spaceflight</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:0.5em"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:STS115_Atlantis_undock_ISS_edit2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/STS115_Atlantis_undock_ISS_edit2.jpg/220px-STS115_Atlantis_undock_ISS_edit2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/STS115_Atlantis_undock_ISS_edit2.jpg/330px-STS115_Atlantis_undock_ISS_edit2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/STS115_Atlantis_undock_ISS_edit2.jpg/440px-STS115_Atlantis_undock_ISS_edit2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2928" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_spaceflight" title="History of spaceflight">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_spaceflight" title="History of spaceflight">History of spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_spaceflight" title="Timeline of spaceflight">Timeline of spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_probes" title="List of Solar System probes">Space probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lunar missions">Lunar missions</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mars missions</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Spaceflight#Applications_of_spaceflight" title="Spaceflight">Applications</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_observation_satellite" title="Earth observation satellite">Earth observation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_exploration" title="Space exploration">Exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy satellite">Espionage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_satellite" title="Military satellite">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_navigation" title="Satellite navigation">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_colonization" title="Space colonization">Settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_telescope" title="Space telescope">Telescopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_tourism" title="Space tourism">Tourism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">Spacecraft</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spacecraft">Robotic spacecraft</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Space probe">Space probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Cargo spacecraft">Cargo spacecraft</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table> <table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Crewed spacecraft</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_capsule" title="Space capsule">Space capsules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_station" title="Space station">Space stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaceplane" title="Spaceplane">Spaceplanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_programme" title="Vostok programme">Vostok</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Space_launch" title="Space launch">Space launch</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spaceport" title="Spaceport">Spaceport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_pad" title="Launch pad">Launch pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expendable_launch_system" title="Expendable launch system">Expendable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reusable_launch_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Reusable launch system">reusable</a> <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escape_velocity" title="Escape velocity">Escape velocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-rocket_spacelaunch" title="Non-rocket spacelaunch">Non-rocket spacelaunch</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Spaceflight types</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">Sub-orbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_spaceflight" title="Orbital spaceflight">Orbital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_spaceflight" title="Interplanetary spaceflight">Interplanetary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_travel" title="Interstellar travel">Interstellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergalactic_travel" title="Intergalactic travel">Intergalactic</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">List of space organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_government_space_agencies" title="List of government space agencies">Space agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_space_forces,_units,_and_formations" title="List of space forces, units, and formations">Space forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_private_spaceflight_companies" title="List of private spaceflight companies">Companies</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#000 2px solid; border-bottom:#000 2px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/16px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/24px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/32px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spaceflight_sidebar" title="Template:Spaceflight sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spaceflight_sidebar" title="Template talk:Spaceflight sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spaceflight_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spaceflight sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This is a list of spacecraft missions (including unsuccessful ones) to the planet <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>, such as orbiters, landers, and rovers. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Missions">Missions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_missions_to_Mars&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Missions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Mission Type Legend</dt> <dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#eaecf0; color:black;"> </span> Mission to Mars</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#cccccc; color:black;"> </span> Gravity assist, destination elsewhere</div></dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1111373058">.mw-parser-output .toc-top-false-title{font-weight:bold;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .toc-top .hlist ul{text-align:inherit}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .toc-top{clear:left}.mw-parser-output .toc-top-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .toc-top-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .toc-top-center{margin:auto;clear:none}}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .toc-top{padding:7px}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .toc-top #toc-title-text{border-bottom:0;margin-top:0;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}</style><div class="toc plainlinks toc-top" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="toc-title-text-template"> <div class="toc-top-false-title"><span role="heading" id="toc-title-text-template"></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="#1960">1960</a></li> <li><a href="#1970">1970</a></li> <li><a href="#1980">1980</a></li> <li><a href="#1990">1990</a></li> <li><a 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.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}</style> <table class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style="font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Mission </th> <th>Spacecraft </th> <th>Launch Date </th> <th>Operator </th> <th>Mission Type<sup id="cite_ref-chrono_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chrono-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Outcome<sup id="cite_ref-name_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-name-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Remarks </th> <th>Carrier rocket<sup id="cite_ref-rusweb_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rusweb-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr id="1960"> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_1M_No.1" title="Mars 1M No.1">1M No.1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_1M_No.1" title="Mars 1M No.1">1M No.1</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001960-10-10-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">10 October 1960</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/OKB-1" class="mw-redirect" title="OKB-1">OKB-1</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></small> </td> <td>Flyby </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><span data-sort-value="0" style="display:none;"></span>Launch failure </td> <td>Failed to achieve Earth orbit </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)" title="Molniya (rocket)">Molniya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_1M_No.2" title="Mars 1M No.2">1M No.2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_1M_No.2" title="Mars 1M No.2">1M No.2</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001960-10-14-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">14 October 1960</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/OKB-1" class="mw-redirect" title="OKB-1">OKB-1</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></small> </td> <td>Flyby </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><span data-sort-value="0" style="display:none;"></span>Launch failure </td> <td>Failed to achieve Earth orbit </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)" title="Molniya (rocket)">Molniya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_2MV-4_No.1" title="Mars 2MV-4 No.1">2MV-4 No.1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_2MV-4_No.1" title="Mars 2MV-4 No.1">2MV-4 No.1</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001962-10-24-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">24 October 1962</span> </td> <td><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></small> </td> <td>Flyby </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><span data-sort-value="0" style="display:none;"></span>Launch failure </td> <td>Booster stage ("Block L") disintegrated in <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">LEO</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)" title="Molniya (rocket)">Molniya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_1" title="Mars 1">Mars 1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_1" title="Mars 1">Mars 1</a><br /><small>(2MV-4 No.2)</small> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001962-11-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">1 November 1962</span> </td> <td><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></small> </td> <td>Flyby </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span data-sort-value="1" style="display:none;"></span>Spacecraft failure </td> <td>Communications lost before <b>first flyby</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)" title="Molniya (rocket)">Molniya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_2MV-3_No.1" title="Mars 2MV-3 No.1">2MV-3 No.1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_2MV-3_No.1" title="Mars 2MV-3 No.1">2MV-3 No.1</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001962-11-04-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">4 November 1962</span> </td> <td><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></small> </td> <td>Lander </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><span data-sort-value="0" style="display:none;"></span>Launch failure </td> <td>Never left LEO </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)" title="Molniya (rocket)">Molniya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mariner_3" title="Mariner 3">Mariner 3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mariner_3" title="Mariner 3">Mariner 3</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001964-11-05-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">5 November 1964</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Flyby </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><span data-sort-value="0" style="display:none;"></span>Launch failure </td> <td>Payload fairing failed to separate </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlas-Agena" title="Atlas-Agena">Atlas LV-3 Agena-D</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mariner_4" title="Mariner 4">Mariner 4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mariner_4" title="Mariner 4">Mariner 4</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001964-11-28-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">28 November 1964</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Flyby </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td><b>First successful flyby</b> of Mars on 15 July 1965 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlas-Agena" title="Atlas-Agena">Atlas LV-3 Agena-D</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zond_2" title="Zond 2">Zond 2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zond_2" title="Zond 2">Zond 2</a><br /><small>(3MV-4A No.2)</small> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001964-11-30-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">30 November 1964</span> </td> <td><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></small> </td> <td>Flyby </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span data-sort-value="1" style="display:none;"></span>Spacecraft failure </td> <td>Communications lost before flyby </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)" title="Molniya (rocket)">Molniya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mariner_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariner 6">Mariner 6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mariner_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariner 6">Mariner 6</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001969-02-25-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">25 February 1969</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Flyby </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlas-Centaur" title="Atlas-Centaur"><span class="nowrap">Atlas SLV-3C</span> Centaur-D</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_2M_No.521" title="Mars 2M No.521">2M No.521</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_2M_No.521" title="Mars 2M No.521">2M No.521</a> <p>(1969A)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001969-03-27-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">27 March 1969</span> </td> <td><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><span data-sort-value="0" style="display:none;"></span>Launch failure </td> <td>Failed to achieve Earth orbit </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mariner_7" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariner 7">Mariner 7</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mariner_7" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariner 7">Mariner 7</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001969-03-27-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">27 March 1969</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Flyby </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlas-Centaur" title="Atlas-Centaur">Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_2M_No.522" title="Mars 2M No.522">2M No.522</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_2M_No.522" title="Mars 2M No.522">2M No.522</a> <p>(1969B)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001969-04-02-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">2 April 1969</span> </td> <td><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><span data-sort-value="0" style="display:none;"></span>Launch failure </td> <td>Failed to achieve Earth orbit </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a> </td></tr> <tr id="1970"> <td>13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mariner_8" title="Mariner 8">Mariner 8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mariner_8" title="Mariner 8">Mariner 8</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001971-05-09-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">9 May 1971</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><span data-sort-value="0" style="display:none;"></span>Launch failure </td> <td>Failed to achieve Earth orbit </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlas-Centaur" title="Atlas-Centaur">Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_419" title="Kosmos 419">Kosmos 419</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_419" title="Kosmos 419">Kosmos 419</a><br /><small>(3MS No.170)</small> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001971-05-10-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">10 May 1971</span> </td> <td><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><span data-sort-value="0" style="display:none;"></span>Launch failure </td> <td>Never left LEO; booster stage burn timer set incorrectly </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">15 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Mars_2" title="Mars 2">Mars 2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_2" title="Mars 2">Mars 2</a><br /><small>(4M No.171)</small> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span data-sort-value="000000001971-05-19-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">19 May 1971</span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td>On November 27 it became in short sequence the second spacecraft to orbit another planet.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_2017_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Operated for 362 orbits<sup id="cite_ref-coord_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coord-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_2" title="Mars 2">Mars 2</a> lander<br /><small>(SA 4M No.171)</small> </td> <td>Lander </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span data-sort-value="1" style="display:none;"></span>Spacecraft failure </td> <td><b>First lander to impact Mars.</b> Deployed from Mars 2, failed to land during attempt on 27 November 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-NSSDC_Mars-2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSSDC_Mars-2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PrOP-M" title="PrOP-M">PrOP-M</a> </td> <td>Rover </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span data-sort-value="1" style="display:none;"></span>Failure<br /><small>Lost with Mars 2</small> </td> <td><b>First rover launched to Mars.</b> Lost when the Mars 2 lander crashed into the surface of Mars. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">16 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Mars_3" title="Mars 3">Mars 3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_3" title="Mars 3">Mars 3</a><br /><small>(4M No.172)</small> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span data-sort-value="000000001971-05-28-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">28 May 1971</span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td>On December 2 it became in short sequence the third spacecraft to orbit another planet.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_2017_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Operated for 20 orbits<sup id="cite_ref-Perminov1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perminov1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20130411_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20130411-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_3" title="Mars 3">Mars 3</a> lander<br /><small>(SA 4M No.172)</small> </td> <td>Lander </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial"><span data-sort-value="2" style="display:none;"></span>Partial success<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><b>First lander to make a soft landing on Mars.</b> Landed on 2 December 1971. First partial image (70 lines) transmitted showing "gray background with no details".<sup id="cite_ref-Perminov1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perminov1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contact lost 20 seconds after transmission started, 110 seconds after landing.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NSSDC_Mars-3:_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSSDC_Mars-3:-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PrOP-M" title="PrOP-M">PrOP-M</a> </td> <td>Rover </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span data-sort-value="1" style="display:none;"></span>Carrier vehicle failed before rover was deployed </td> <td><b>First rover to make a soft landing on another planet.</b> 4.5 kg (9.9 lb) rover connected to the Mars 3 lander by a tether. Deployment status unknown due to loss of communications with the Mars 3 lander.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mariner_9" title="Mariner 9">Mariner 9</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mariner_9" title="Mariner 9">Mariner 9</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001971-05-30-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">30 May 1971</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful<sup id="cite_ref-Pyle2012-M9_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pyle2012-M9-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><b>First spacecraft to orbit another planet</b>, two weeks ahead of Mars 2 on November 14.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_2017_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deactivated 516 days after entering orbit. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlas-Centaur" title="Atlas-Centaur">Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_4" title="Mars 4">Mars 4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_4" title="Mars 4">Mars 4</a><br /><small>(3MS No.52S)</small> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001973-07-21-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">21 July 1973</span> </td> <td><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial"><span data-sort-value="2" style="display:none;"></span>Partial success<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Failed to perform orbital insertion burn. Returned photographs of Mars during flyby. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_5" title="Mars 5">Mars 5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_5" title="Mars 5">Mars 5</a><br /><small>(3MS No.53S)</small> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001973-07-25-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">25 July 1973</span> </td> <td><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td>Contact lost after 9 days in Mars orbit. Returned 180 frames </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">20 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mars_6" title="Mars 6">Mars 6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_6" title="Mars 6">Mars 6</a><br /><small>(3MP No.50P)</small> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="000000001973-08-05-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">5 August 1973</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></small> </td> <td>Flyby </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td>Flyby bus collected data.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_6" title="Mars 6">Mars 6</a> lander </td> <td>Lander </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span data-sort-value="1" style="display:none;"></span>Spacecraft failure </td> <td>Contact lost upon landing, atmospheric data mostly unusable. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">21 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mars_7" title="Mars 7">Mars 7</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_7" title="Mars 7">Mars 7</a><br /><small>(3MP No.51P)</small> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="000000001973-08-09-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">9 August 1973</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></small> </td> <td>Flyby </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td>Flyby bus collected data. </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D" title="Blok D">D</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_7" title="Mars 7">Mars 7</a> lander </td> <td>Lander </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span data-sort-value="1" style="display:none;"></span>Spacecraft failure </td> <td>Separated from coast stage prematurely, failed to enter Martian atmosphere. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">22 </td> <td rowspan="2"><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_1" title="Viking 1">Viking 1</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_1" title="Viking 1">Viking 1</a></i> orbiter </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="000000001975-08-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">20 August 1975</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td>Operated for 1385 orbits. Entered Mars orbit on 19 June 1976. </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIE" title="Titan IIIE">Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_1" title="Viking 1">Viking 1</a></i> lander </td> <td>Lander </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td><b>First successful Mars lander.</b> Deployed from <i>Viking 1</i> orbiter. Landed on Mars on 20 July 1976. Operated for 2245 sols. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">23 </td> <td rowspan="2"><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_2" title="Viking 2">Viking 2</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_2" title="Viking 2">Viking 2</a></i> orbiter </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="000000001975-09-09-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">9 September 1975</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td>Operated for 700 orbits. Entered Mars orbit on 7 August 1976. </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIE" title="Titan IIIE">Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_2" title="Viking 2">Viking 2</a></i> lander </td> <td>Lander </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td>Deployed from <i>Viking 2</i> orbiter. Landed on Mars in September 1976. Operated for 1281 sols (11 April 1980). </td></tr> <tr id="1980"> <td rowspan="2">24 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Phobos_1" title="Phobos 1">Phobos 1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phobos_1" title="Phobos 1">Phobos 1</a><br /><small>(1F No.101)</small> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="000000001988-07-07-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">7 July 1988</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span data-sort-value="1" style="display:none;"></span>Spacecraft failure </td> <td>Communications lost before reaching Mars; failed to enter orbit </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok D-2">D-2</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DAS </td> <td>Phobos lander </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span data-sort-value="1" style="display:none;"></span>Failure<br /><small>Lost with Phobos 1</small> </td> <td>To have been deployed by Phobos 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">25 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Phobos_2" title="Phobos 2">Phobos 2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phobos_2" title="Phobos 2">Phobos 2</a><br /><small>(1F No.102)</small> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span data-sort-value="000000001988-07-12-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">12 July 1988</span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2"><span data-sort-value="3" style="display:none;"></span>Mostly successful </td> <td>Orbital observations successful, communications lost before lander deployment. </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok D-2">D-2</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Prop-F </td> <td>Phobos rover </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span data-sort-value="1" style="display:none;"></span>Failure<br /><small>Lost with Phobos 2</small> </td> <td>To have been deployed by Phobos 2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>DAS </td> <td>Phobos lander </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span data-sort-value="1" style="display:none;"></span>Failure<br /><small>Lost with Phobos 2</small> </td> <td>To have been deployed by Phobos 2 </td></tr> <tr id="1990"> <td>26 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Observer" title="Mars Observer">Mars Observer</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Observer" title="Mars Observer">Mars Observer</a></i> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001992-09-25-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">25 September 1992</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span data-sort-value="1" style="display:none;"></span>Spacecraft failure </td> <td>Lost communications before orbital insertion </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Titan_III" title="Commercial Titan III">Commercial Titan III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a></i> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001996-11-07-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">7 November 1996</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td>Operated for ten years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta II 7925</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">28 </td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Mars_96" title="Mars 96">Mars 96</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_96" title="Mars 96">Mars 96</a><br /><small>(M1 No.520) (Mars-8)</small><sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="5"><span data-sort-value="000000001996-11-16-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">16 November 1996</span> </td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Federal_Space_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federal Space Agency">Rosaviakosmos</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter<br />Penetrators </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><span data-sort-value="0" style="display:none;"></span>Launch failure </td> <td>Never left LEO </td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blok_D-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok D-2">D-2</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_96" title="Mars 96">Mars 96</a> lander </td> <td>Lander </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><span data-sort-value="0" style="display:none;"></span>Launch failure<br /><small>Lost with Mars 96</small> </td> <td rowspan="2">Two Mars landers to have been deployed by Mars 96. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_96" title="Mars 96">Mars 96</a> lander </td> <td>Lander </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><span data-sort-value="0" style="display:none;"></span>Launch failure<br /><small>Lost with Mars 96</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_96" title="Mars 96">Mars 96</a> penetrator </td> <td>Penetrator </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><span data-sort-value="0" style="display:none;"></span>Launch failure<br /><small>Lost with Mars 96</small> </td> <td rowspan="2">Two Mars Penetrators to have been deployed by Mars 96. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_96" title="Mars 96">Mars 96</a> penetrator </td> <td>Penetrator </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><span data-sort-value="0" style="display:none;"></span>Launch failure<br /><small>Lost with Mars 96</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">29 </td> <td rowspan="2"><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder" title="Mars Pathfinder">Mars Pathfinder</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder" title="Mars Pathfinder">Mars Pathfinder</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="000000001996-12-04-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">4 December 1996</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Lander </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td>Landed at 19.13°N 33.22°W on 4 July 1997,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Last contact on 27 September 1997 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta II 7925</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)">Sojourner</a></i> </td> <td>Rover </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td><b>First rover to operate on another planet.</b> Operated for 84 days<sup id="cite_ref-sol86_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sol86-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a></i><br /><small>(PLANET-B)</small> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001998-07-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">3 July 1998</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Space_and_Astronautical_Science" title="Institute of Space and Astronautical Science">ISAS</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span data-sort-value="1" style="display:none;"></span>Spacecraft failure </td> <td>Performed a Mars flyby. Later contact lost due to loss of fuel. However provided crucial information about the deep space environment.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/M-V" title="M-V">M-V</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter" title="Mars Climate Orbiter">Mars Climate Orbiter</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter" title="Mars Climate Orbiter">Mars Climate Orbiter</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001998-12-11-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">11 December 1998</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span data-sort-value="1" style="display:none;"></span>Spacecraft failure </td> <td>Approached Mars too closely during orbit insertion attempt due to a <a href="/wiki/Software_bug#Interfacing" title="Software bug">software interface bug</a> involving different units for <a href="/wiki/Impulse_(physics)" title="Impulse (physics)">impulse</a> and either burned up in the atmosphere or entered solar orbit </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta II 7425</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">32 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Polar_Lander" title="Mars Polar Lander">Mars Polar Lander</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_2" title="Deep Space 2">Deep Space 2</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_Polar_Lander" title="Mars Polar Lander">Mars Polar Lander</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span data-sort-value="000000001999-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">3 January 1999</span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Lander </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span data-sort-value="2" style="display:none;"></span>Spacecraft failure </td> <td>Failed to function after landing </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta II 7425</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_2" title="Deep Space 2">Deep Space 2</a> </td> <td>Penetrator </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span data-sort-value="2" style="display:none;"></span>Spacecraft failure </td> <td rowspan="2">No data transmitted after deployment from MPL. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_2" title="Deep Space 2">Deep Space 2</a> </td> <td>Penetrator </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span data-sort-value="2" style="display:none;"></span>Spacecraft failure </td></tr> <tr id="2000"> <td>33 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_Odyssey" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Odyssey">Mars Odyssey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_Odyssey" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Odyssey">Mars Odyssey</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002001-04-07-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">7 April 2001</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial"><span data-sort-value="5" style="display:none;"></span>Operational </td> <td>Expected to remain operational until 2025. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta II 7925</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">34 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="000000002003-06-02-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">2 June 2003</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">ESA</a><br /> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial"><span data-sort-value="5" style="display:none;"></span>Operational </td> <td>Enough fuel to remain operational until 2035 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-FG" title="Soyuz-FG">Soyuz-FG</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fregat" title="Fregat">Fregat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beagle_2" title="Beagle 2">Beagle 2</a> </td> <td>Lander </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span data-sort-value="1" style="display:none;"></span>Lander failure </td> <td>No communications received after release from Mars Express. Orbital images of landing site suggest a successful landing, but two solar panels failed to deploy, obstructing its communications. </td></tr> <tr> <td>35 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Spirit_rover" class="mw-redirect" title="Spirit rover">Spirit</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Spirit_rover" class="mw-redirect" title="Spirit rover">Spirit</a></i><br /><small>(MER-A)</small> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002003-06-10-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">10 June 2003</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Rover </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td>Landed on 4 January 2004.<br />Operated for 2208 sols<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta II 7925</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>36 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_rover" class="mw-redirect" title="Opportunity rover">Opportunity</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_rover" class="mw-redirect" title="Opportunity rover">Opportunity</a></i><br /><small>(MER-B)</small> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002003-07-08-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">8 July 2003</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Rover </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td>Landed on 25 January 2004.<br />Operated for 5351 sols </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II"><span class="nowrap">Delta II 7925H</span></a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#cccccc;"> <td rowspan="2">– </td> <td rowspan="2"><i><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="000000002004-03-02-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">2 March 2004</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">ESA</a><br /> </td> <td>Flyby <p>(Gravity assist) </p> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td rowspan="2">Flyby in February 2007 en route to <a href="/wiki/67P/Churyumov%E2%80%93Gerasimenko" title="67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko">67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko</a><sup id="cite_ref-mars_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mars-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ariane_5" title="Ariane 5">Ariane 5G+</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#cccccc;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Philae_(spacecraft)" title="Philae (spacecraft)"><i>Philae</i></a> </td> <td>Flyby <p>(Gravity assist) </p> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td></tr> <tr> <td>37 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002005-08-12-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">12 August 2005</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial"><span data-sort-value="5" style="display:none;"></span>Operational </td> <td>Entered orbit on 10 March 2006 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V 401</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>38 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)">Phoenix</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)">Phoenix</a></i> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002007-08-04-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">4 August 2007</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Lander </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td>Landed on 25 May 2008.<br />End of mission 2 November 2008 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta II 7925</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#cccccc;"> <td>– </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a></i> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002007-09-27-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">27 September 2007</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Flyby <p>(Gravity assist) </p> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td>Flyby in February 2009 en route to <a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">4 Vesta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta II 7925H</a> </td></tr> <tr id="2010"> <td rowspan="2">39 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fobos-Grunt" title="Fobos-Grunt">Fobos-Grunt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yinghuo-1" title="Yinghuo-1">Yinghuo-1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fobos-Grunt" title="Fobos-Grunt">Fobos-Grunt</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="000000002011-11-08-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">8 November 2011</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Federal_Space_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federal Space Agency">Roscosmos</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter<br /><span class="nowrap">Phobos sample</span> return </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><span data-sort-value="0" style="display:none;"></span>Launch failure </td> <td>Never left LEO (intended to depart under own power) </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Zenit-2M" title="Zenit-2M">Zenit-2M</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yinghuo-1" title="Yinghuo-1">Yinghuo-1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">CNSA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"><span data-sort-value="0" style="display:none;"></span>Precluded<br /><small>Lost with Fobos-Grunt</small> </td> <td>To have been deployed by Fobos-Grunt </td></tr> <tr> <td>40 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_rover" class="mw-redirect" title="Curiosity rover">Curiosity</a></i><br /><small>(Mars Science Laboratory)</small> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002011-11-26-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">26 November 2011</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Rover </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial"><span data-sort-value="5" style="display:none;"></span>Operational </td> <td>Landed on 6 August 2012 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V 541</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>41 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission" title="Mars Orbiter Mission">Mars Orbiter Mission</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission" title="Mars Orbiter Mission">Mars Orbiter Mission</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002013-11-05-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">5 November 2013</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">ISRO</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td>Entered orbit on 24 September 2014. Mission extended to 2022, where the mission concluded on September 27, 2022 after contact was lost.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/PSLV" class="mw-redirect" title="PSLV">PSLV-XL</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>42 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002013-11-18-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">18 November 2013</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial"><span data-sort-value="5" style="display:none;"></span>Operational </td> <td>Orbit insertion on 22 September 2014<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20140921_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20140921-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V 401</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">43 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/ExoMars_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="ExoMars 2016">ExoMars 2016</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ExoMars_Trace_Gas_Orbiter" class="mw-redirect" title="ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter">ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="000000002016-03-14-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">14 March 2016</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">ESA</a>/<a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a><br /><small>ESA/<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial"><span data-sort-value="5" style="display:none;"></span>Operational </td> <td>Entered orbit on 19 October 2016 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Proton-M" title="Proton-M">Proton-M</a> / <a href="/wiki/Briz-M" class="mw-redirect" title="Briz-M">Briz-M</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Schiaparelli_EDM_lander" class="mw-redirect" title="Schiaparelli EDM lander">Schiaparelli EDM lander</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">ESA</a><br /> </td> <td>Lander </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span data-sort-value="1" style="display:none;"></span>Spacecraft failure </td> <td>Carried by the <a href="/wiki/ExoMars_Trace_Gas_Orbiter" class="mw-redirect" title="ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter">ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter</a>. Although the lander crashed,<sup id="cite_ref-exomars-failure-review_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exomars-failure-review-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-spaceflight101-exomars_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spaceflight101-exomars-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> engineering data on the first five minutes of entry was successfully retrieved.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20161020_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20161020-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-space.com34471_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-space.com34471-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">44 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span data-sort-value="000000002018-05-05-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">5 May 2018</span><sup id="cite_ref-Reprieve_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reprieve-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_20160309-kc_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_20160309-kc-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Lander </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td>Landed on 26 November 2018. Last contact 15 December 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a> 401 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_Cube_One" title="Mars Cube One">MarCO A</a> </td> <td>Flyby </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td>Flyby 26 November 2018. Last contact 29 December 2018. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_Cube_One" title="Mars Cube One">MarCO B</a> </td> <td>Flyby </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td>Flyby 26 November 2018. Last contact 4 January 2019. </td></tr> <tr id="2020"> <td>45 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Mars_Mission" title="Emirates Mars Mission">Emirates Mars Mission</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Hope" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Hope">Hope</a></i> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002020-07-19-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">19 July 2020</span><sup id="cite_ref-SFN20200714_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFN20200714-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Bin_Rashid_Space_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre">MBRSC</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial"><span data-sort-value="5" style="display:none;"></span>Operational </td> <td>Entered orbit on 9 February 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-PHYSORG20210207_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PHYSORG20210207-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNNCOM20210209_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNCOM20210209-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/H-IIA" title="H-IIA">H-IIA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">46 </td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</a> orbiter </td> <td rowspan="5"><span data-sort-value="000000002020-07-23-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">23 July 2020</span><sup id="cite_ref-BBC23July2020_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC23July2020-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">CNSA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></small> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial"><span data-sort-value="5" style="display:none;"></span> Operational </td> <td>Entered orbit on 10 February 2021 </td> <td rowspan="5"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Long_March_5" title="Long March 5">Long March 5</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</a> lander </td> <td>Lander </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td>Landed on 14 May 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)">Zhurong</a></i> rover </td> <td>Rover </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="5" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td>Landed on 14 May 2021<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deployed by the Tianwen-1 lander on 22 May 2021. Became inactive on 20 May 2022. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</a> Remote Camera </td> <td>Lander </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td>Landed on 14 May 2021 Deployed by the Zhurong rover on 1 June 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</a> Deployable Camera 2<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td>Entered orbit on 10 February 2021, deployed 31 December 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">47 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)">Perseverance</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="000000002020-07-30-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">30 July 2020</span><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><small><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></small> </td> <td>Rover </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial"><span data-sort-value="5" style="display:none;"></span>Operational </td> <td>Landed on 18 February 2021<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a> 541 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Helicopter_Ingenuity" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Helicopter Ingenuity">Ingenuity</a></i> </td> <td>Helicopter </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span data-sort-value="4" style="display:none;"></span>Successful </td> <td><b>First aerodynamic flight on another planet.</b> Landed with <i>Perseverance</i> rover on 18 February 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-helicopter_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-helicopter-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deployed from rover on 3 April 2021. First flight achieved on April 19, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-Ginny-flight_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ginny-flight-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Retired on 25 January 2024 due to sustained rotor blade damage. </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#cccccc;"> <td>– </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Psyche_(spacecraft)" title="Psyche (spacecraft)">Psyche</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Psyche_(spacecraft)" title="Psyche (spacecraft)">Psyche</a> </td> <td>13 October 2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>Flyby<br />(Gravity assist) </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial"><span data-sort-value="5" style="display:none;"></span>Enroute </td> <td>Gravity assist en route to <a href="/wiki/16_Psyche" title="16 Psyche">16 Psyche</a> in May 2026<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#cccccc;"> <td>– </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hera_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hera (spacecraft)">Hera</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hera_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hera (spacecraft)">Hera</a> </td> <td>7 October 2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ESA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESA">ESA</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> </td> <td>Flyby<br />(Gravity assist) </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial"><span data-sort-value="5" style="display:none;"></span>Enroute </td> <td>Gravity assist en route to <a href="/wiki/65803_Didymos" title="65803 Didymos">65803 Didymos</a> in March 2025 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#cccccc;"> <td>– </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a> </td> <td>14 October 2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>Flyby<br />(Gravity assist) </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial"><span data-sort-value="5" style="display:none;"></span>Enroute </td> <td>Gravity assist en route to <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Europa_(moon)" title="Europa (moon)">Europa</a> in February 2025 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landing_locations">Landing locations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_missions_to_Mars&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Landing locations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div style="position: relative; width: 620px; margin: 0 auto;" class="noresize"> <figure class="mw-halign-center noresize" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><img alt="Map of Mars" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Mars_Map.JPG/600px-Mars_Map.JPG" decoding="async" width="600" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Mars_Map.JPG/900px-Mars_Map.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Mars_Map.JPG/1200px-Mars_Map.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2180" data-file-height="1244" resource="/wiki/File:Mars_Map.JPG" /></span><figcaption> <div style="float: right;">(<a href="/wiki/Template:Features_and_artificial_objects_on_Mars" title="Template:Features and artificial objects on Mars">view</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Features_and_artificial_objects_on_Mars" title="Template talk:Features and artificial objects on Mars">discuss</a>)</div><a href="/wiki/Image_map" title="Image map">Interactive image map</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mars" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Mars">global topography of Mars</a>, overlaid with the position of <a href="/wiki/Mars_rover" title="Mars rover">Martian rovers</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_landers" title="List of Mars landers">landers</a>. Coloring of the base map indicates relative elevations of Martian surface.<hr /><div style="text-align:right; font-size:smaller; font-style:italic; padding-top:0.2em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mano_cursor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mano_cursor.svg/10px-Mano_cursor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mano_cursor.svg/15px-Mano_cursor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mano_cursor.svg/20px-Mano_cursor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="440" /></a></span><b> Clickable image: </b>Clicking on the labels will open a new article.</div><div style="float: left;">(<span style="font-size:85%;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF4F00; color:black;"> </span> Active</span> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#000; color:white;"> </span> Inactive</span> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFF00; color:black;"> </span> Planned)</span></span></div> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;">(See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Mars_map" title="Template:Mars map">Mars map</a>; <a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_Mars#Landing_site_namings_and_memorials" title="List of artificial objects on Mars">Mars Memorials list</a>) </span></div></figcaption></figure> <div style="position: absolute; left: 440px; top: 137px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Beagle_2" title="Beagle 2"><img alt="Beagle 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/PhoenixIcon.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span style="display:inline;background-color:#000;padding:0 4px 0 2px;white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Beagle_2" title="Beagle 2"><span style="color:white"><small><i>Beagle 2</i></small></span></a> </span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 523px; top: 173px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory#Landing_site" title="Bradbury Landing"><img alt="Bradbury Landing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/CuriosityIcon.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; right: 97px; top: 174px"><span style="display:inline;border:#fff 1px solid;text-align:right;background-color:#FF4F00;padding:0 4px 0 4px;white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><span style="color:white"><small><i>Curiosity</i></small></span></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 520px; top: 300px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_2" title="Deep Space 2"><img alt="Deep Space 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/PhoenixIcon.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; right: 100px; top: 301px"><span style="display:inline;text-align:right;background-color:#000;padding:0 4px 0 4px;white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_2" title="Deep Space 2"><span style="color:white"><small>Deep Space 2</small></span></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 521px; top: 153px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight"><img alt="InSight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/PhoenixIcon.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span style="display:inline;background-color:#000;padding:0 4px 0 2px;white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight"><span style="color:white"><small><i>InSight</i></small></span></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 373px; top: 234px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mars_2" title="Mars 2"><img alt="Mars 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Mars3landericon.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="21" /></a></span><span style="display:inline;background-color:#000;padding:0 4px 0 2px;white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mars_2" title="Mars 2"><span style="color:white"><small>Mars 2</small></span></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 65px; top: 235px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mars_3" title="Mars 3"><img alt="Mars 3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Mars3landericon.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="21" /></a></span><span style="display:inline;background-color:#000;padding:0 4px 0 2px;white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mars_3" title="Mars 3"><span style="color:white"><small>Mars 3</small></span></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 270px; top: 195px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mars_6" title="Mars 6"><img alt="Mars 6" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Mars3landericon.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="21" /></a></span><span style="display:inline;background-color:#000;padding:0 4px 0 2px;white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mars_6" title="Mars 6"><span style="color:white"><small>Mars 6</small></span></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 545px; top: 300px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Polar_Lander" title="Mars Polar Lander"><img alt="Mars Polar Lander" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/PhoenixIcon.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; right: 54px; top: 283px"><span style="display:inline;background-color:#000;padding:0 4px 0 4px;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Polar_Lander" title="Mars Polar Lander"><span style="color:white"><small>Mars Polar Lander ↓</small></span></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 300px; top: 175px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity"><img alt="Opportunity" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/RoverIcon.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span style="display:inline;background-color:#000;padding:0 4px 0 2px;white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><span style="color:white"><small><i>Opportunity</i></small></span></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 417px; top: 125px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance"><img alt="Perseverance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/CuriosityIcon.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 436.5px; top: 121px"><span style="display:inline;border:#fff 1px solid;background-color:#FF4F00;padding:0 4px 0 4px;white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><span style="color:white"><small><i>Perseverance</i></small></span></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 116px; top: 28px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix"><img alt="Phoenix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/PhoenixIcon.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span style="display:inline;background-color:#000;padding:0 4px 0 2px;white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)"><span style="color:white"><small><i>Phoenix</i></small></span></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 275px; top: 105px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)" title="Rosalind Franklin"><img alt="Rosalind Franklin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/RoverIcon.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span style="display:inline;border:#000 1px;background-color:#FFFF00;padding:0 4px 0 2px;white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)" title="Rosalind Franklin (rover)"><span style="color:black;background: white;"><small><i>Rosalind Franklin</i></small></span></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 278px; top: 169px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Schiaparelli_EDM" title="Schiaparelli EDM"><img alt="Schiaparelli EDM" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/EDMIcon.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; right: 342px; top: 170px"><span style="display:inline;background-color:#000;text-align:right;padding:0 4px 0 4px;white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Schiaparelli_EDM" title="Schiaparelli EDM"><span style="color:white"><small><i>Schiaparelli</i> EDM</small></span></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 260px; top: 124px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner"><img alt="Sojourner" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/SojournerIcon.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span style="display:inline;background-color:#000;;padding:0 4px 0 2px;white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)"><span style="color:white"><small><i>Sojourner</i></small></span></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 562px; top: 184px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit"><img alt="Spirit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/RoverIcon.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; right: 38px; top: 201px"><span style="display:inline;background-color:#000;text-align:right;padding:0 4px 0 4px;white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><span style="color:white"><small><i>Spirit</i></small></span></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 445px; top: 105px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1"><img alt="Tianwen-1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/ZhurongIcon.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span style="display:inline;border:#000 1px solid;background-color:#000;padding:0 4px 0 2px;white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)"><span style="color:white"><small><i>Zhurong</i></small></span></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 231px; top: 119px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Viking_1" title="Viking 1"><img alt="Viking 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/VikingIcon.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; right: 388px; top: 120px"><span style="display:inline;background-color:#000;padding:0 4px 0 2px;white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Viking_1" title="Viking 1"><span style="color:white"><small><i>Viking 1</i></small></span></a></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 495px; top: 67px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Viking_2" title="Viking 2"><img alt="Viking 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/VikingIcon.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span style="display:inline;background-color:#000;padding:0 4px 0 2px;white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Viking_2" title="Viking 2"><span style="color:white"><small><i>Viking 2</i> </small></span></a> </span></div> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA24320-MarsLandingSites-20201216.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/PIA24320-MarsLandingSites-20201216.jpg/600px-PIA24320-MarsLandingSites-20201216.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/PIA24320-MarsLandingSites-20201216.jpg/900px-PIA24320-MarsLandingSites-20201216.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/PIA24320-MarsLandingSites-20201216.jpg/1200px-PIA24320-MarsLandingSites-20201216.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5100" data-file-height="2552" /></a><figcaption><div align="center">Mars landing sites (16 December 2020)</div></figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p>In 1999, <a href="/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter" title="Mars Climate Orbiter">Mars Climate Orbiter</a> accidentally entered Mars' atmosphere and either burnt up or left Mars' orbit on an unknown trajectory.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There are a number of derelict spacecraft orbiting Mars whose location is not known precisely. There is a proposal to use the Optical Navigation Camera on the <i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></i> to search for small moons, dust rings and old orbiters.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2016, there were believed to be eight derelict spacecraft in orbit around Mars (barring unforeseen event).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Viking 1 orbiter was not expected to decay until at least 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mariner_9" title="Mariner 9">Mariner 9</a>, which entered Mars orbit in 1971, was expected to remain in orbit until approximately 2022, when it was projected to enter the Martian atmosphere and either burn up, or crash into the planet's surface.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_orbiters" title="List of Mars orbiters">List of Mars orbiters</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timeline">Timeline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_missions_to_Mars&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="overflow:auto"> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_3vewamas0diojqr4bfxp0nupioubnkr"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" coords="848,362,933,386" title="Zhurong (rover)" alt="Zhurong (rover)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Tianwen%2D1" coords="848,349,946,373" title="Tianwen-1" alt="Tianwen-1" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" coords="890,332,988,356" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)" alt="Ingenuity (helicopter)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" coords="890,319,1008,343" title="Perseverance (rover)" alt="Perseverance (rover)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/InSight" coords="857,295,942,319" title="InSight" alt="InSight" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" coords="890,265,988,289" title="Curiosity (rover)" alt="Curiosity (rover)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)" coords="622,235,707,259" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)" alt="Phoenix (spacecraft)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" coords="782,205,894,229" title="Opportunity (rover)" alt="Opportunity (rover)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" coords="664,175,743,199" title="Spirit (rover)" alt="Spirit (rover)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" coords="437,153,535,176" title="Sojourner (rover)" alt="Sojourner (rover)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder" coords="437,139,575,163" title="Mars Pathfinder" alt="Mars Pathfinder" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Viking_2" coords="145,115,237,139" title="Viking 2" alt="Viking 2" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Viking_1" coords="188,85,280,109" title="Viking 1" alt="Viking 1" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PrOP%2DM" coords="6,69,84,93" title="PrOP-M" alt="PrOP-M" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Mars_3" coords="6,55,84,79" title="Mars 3" alt="Mars 3" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_3vewamas0diojqr4bfxp0nupioubnkr" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/3vewamas0diojqr4bfxp0nupioubnkr.png" /></div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Missions_to_the_moons_of_Mars">Missions to the moons of Mars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_missions_to_Mars&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Missions to the moons of Mars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stickney_mro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Stickney_mro.jpg/220px-Stickney_mro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Stickney_mro.jpg/330px-Stickney_mro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Stickney_mro.jpg/440px-Stickney_mro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1836" data-file-height="1362" /></a><figcaption>Phobos' <a href="/wiki/Stickney_(crater)" title="Stickney (crater)">Stickney Crater</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaspra_Phobos_Deimos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gaspra_Phobos_Deimos.jpg/200px-Gaspra_Phobos_Deimos.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gaspra_Phobos_Deimos.jpg/300px-Gaspra_Phobos_Deimos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gaspra_Phobos_Deimos.jpg/400px-Gaspra_Phobos_Deimos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="664" /></a><figcaption>Deimos (lower left) and Phobos (lower right) compared with the asteroid <a href="/wiki/951_Gaspra" title="951 Gaspra">951 Gaspra</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phobosmgs.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Phobosmgs.gif/210px-Phobosmgs.gif" decoding="async" width="210" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Phobosmgs.gif/315px-Phobosmgs.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Phobosmgs.gif/420px-Phobosmgs.gif 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Phobos by Mars Global Surveyor in 1998<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>There have also have been proposed missions dedicated to explore the two <a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Mars" title="Moons of Mars">moons of Mars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phobos_(moon)" title="Phobos (moon)">Phobos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deimos_(moon)" title="Deimos (moon)">Deimos</a>. Many missions to Mars have also included dedicated observations of the moons, while this section is about missions focused solely on them. There have been three unsuccessful dedicated missions and many proposals. Because of the proximity of the Mars moons to Mars, any mission to them may also be considered a mission to Mars from some perspectives. </p> <dl><dt>Past missions</dt></dl> <p>Three missions to land on <a href="/wiki/Phobos_(moon)" title="Phobos (moon)">Phobos</a> have been launched; the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Phobos_program" title="Phobos program">Phobos program</a> in the late 1980s saw the launch of <a href="/wiki/Phobos_1" title="Phobos 1">Phobos 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phobos_2" title="Phobos 2">Phobos 2</a>, while the Russian <a href="/wiki/Fobos-Grunt" title="Fobos-Grunt">Fobos-Grunt</a> sample return mission was launched in 2011. None of these missions were successful: Phobos 1 failed en route to Mars, Phobos 2 failed shortly before landing, and Fobos-Grunt never left <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Launched mission</th> <th>Target</th> <th>Reference </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phobos_1" title="Phobos 1">Phobos 1</a></td> <td>Phobos</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phobos_2" title="Phobos 2">Phobos 2</a></td> <td>Phobos</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fobos-Grunt" title="Fobos-Grunt">Fobos-Grunt</a></td> <td>Phobos</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Planned missions</dt></dl> <p>In Japan, the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Space_and_Astronautical_Science" title="Institute of Space and Astronautical Science">Institute of Space and Astronautical Science</a> (ISAS) is developing a sample return mission to Phobos.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-yomiuri_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yomiuri-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This mission is called <a href="/wiki/Martian_Moons_eXploration" title="Martian Moons eXploration">Martian Moons eXploration</a> (MMX)<sup id="cite_ref-MMX_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MMX-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is a flagship Strategic Large Mission.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MMX will build on the expertise the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (<a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a>) would gain through the <a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">SLIM</a> missions.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of December 2023, MMX is scheduled to launch in 2026.<sup id="cite_ref-yomiuri-20231206_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yomiuri-20231206-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Planned mission</th> <th>Target</th> <th>Reference </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Martian_Moons_eXploration" title="Martian Moons eXploration">Martian Moons eXploration</a> (MMX)</td> <td>Phobos and Deimos</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-MMX_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MMX-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Past proposals</dt></dl> <p>There have been at least three proposals in the United States <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Program" title="Discovery Program">Discovery Program</a>, including PADME, PANDORA, and MERLIN.<sup id="cite_ref-tps_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tps-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ESA has also considered a sample return mission, one of the latest known as Martian Moon Sample Return or MMSR, and it may use heritage from an asteroid sample return mission.<sup id="cite_ref-adsabs.harvard.edu_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adsabs.harvard.edu-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Osiris-Rex 2 was a proposal to make OR a double mission, with the other one collecting samples from the two Mars moons.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, it was stated that this mission would be both the quickest and least expensive way to get samples from the Moons.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 'Red Rocks Project,' a part of Lockheed Martin's "Stepping Stones to Mars" program, proposed to explore Mars robotically from Deimos.<sup id="cite_ref-footstepstomars_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-footstepstomars-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Proposal</th> <th>Target</th> <th>Reference </th></tr> <tr> <td>Aladdin</td> <td>Phobos and Deimos</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deimos_and_Phobos_Interior_Explorer" title="Deimos and Phobos Interior Explorer">DePhine</a></td> <td>Phobos and Deimos</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Proposal_2016_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Proposal_2016-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DSR</td> <td>Deimos</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gulliver</td> <td>Deimos</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hall</td> <td>Phobos and Deimos</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>M-PADS</td> <td>Phobos and Deimos</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Merlin</td> <td>Phobos and Deimos</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>MMSR (2011 ver.)</td> <td>Phobos or Deimos</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-adsabs.harvard.edu_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adsabs.harvard.edu-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>OSIRIS-REx 2</td> <td>Phobos or Deimos</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:2_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pandora</td> <td>Phobos and Deimos</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-tps_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tps-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>PCROSS</td> <td>Phobos</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phobos_Surveyor" title="Phobos Surveyor">Phobos Surveyor</a></td> <td>Phobos</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>PRIME</td> <td>Phobos</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fobos-Grunt#Repeat_mission" title="Fobos-Grunt">Fobos-Grunt 2</a></td> <td>Phobos</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phootprint" title="Phootprint">Phootprint</a></td> <td>Phobos</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Airbus_2014_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Airbus_2014-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COSPAR_2014_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COSPAR_2014-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phobos_And_Deimos_%26_Mars_Environment" title="Phobos And Deimos & Mars Environment">PADME</a></td> <td>Phobos and Deimos</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-lpsc_2014_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpsc_2014-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reyes_2014_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reyes_2014-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statistics">Statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_missions_to_Mars&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summary">Summary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_missions_to_Mars&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238864702">.mw-parser-output .bar-chart{margin:0.5em;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid #c0c0c0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart caption{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th,.mw-parser-output .bar-chart td{padding:1px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="col"]:not(.bar-chart-label-type){width:15em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="row"]:not(.bar-chart-total){font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar{height:1.25em;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#cedff2;height:1.25em;margin:0 0 0 0;z-index:0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-comment{font-size:90%;padding-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-numbers{position:relative;top:-1.4em;height:1.25em;padding:0 0 0 2em;z-index:10;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-caption{border-top:1px solid #aaa}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-center{margin:0.5em auto}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}</style> <table class="bar-chart"> <caption>Launches to Mars </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="bar-chart-label-type">Decade </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 16em"> <ol><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ol> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="#1960">1960s</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 16em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:13.7em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 16em;"><span class="nowrap">12</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="#1970s">1970s</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 16em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:12.6em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 16em;"><span class="nowrap">11</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="#1980">1980s</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 16em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.3em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 16em;"><span class="nowrap">2</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="#1990s">1990s</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 16em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:8em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 16em;"><span class="nowrap">7</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="#2000s">2000s</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 16em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:9.1em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 16em;"><span class="nowrap">8</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="#2010s">2010s</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 16em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:6.9em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 16em;"><span class="nowrap">6</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="#2020">2020s</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 16em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:4.6em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 16em;"><span class="nowrap">4</span></span></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mission_milestone_by_country">Mission milestone by country</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_missions_to_Mars&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mission milestone by country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Legend</dt></dl> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid silver;background-color:#9EFF9E; color:black;"> </span> Achieved</span><br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid silver;background-color:#FFC7C7; color:black;"> </span> Failed attempt</span><br /> † First to achieve </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Mars missions </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country/Agency </th> <th>Flyby </th> <th>Orbit </th> <th>Impact </th> <th>Lander </th> <th>Rover </th> <th>Powered flight </th> <th>Sample return </th> <th>Crewed Landing </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1"><a href="/wiki/Mariner_4" title="Mariner 4">Mariner 4, 1965</a> † </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1"><a href="/wiki/Mariner_9" title="Mariner 9">Mariner 9, 1971</a> † </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Polar_Lander" title="Mars Polar Lander">Mars Polar Lander, 1999</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2"><a href="/wiki/Viking_1" title="Viking 1">Viking 1, 1976</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1"><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)">Sojourner, 1997</a> † </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1"><a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)">Ingenuity, 2021</a> † </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8"><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1, 2021</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7">Tianwen-1, 2021 </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="6">— </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="3">Tianwen-1, 2021 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2"><a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)">Zhurong, 2021</a> </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2"><a href="/wiki/Mars_2" title="Mars 2">Mars 2, 1971</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2">Mars 2, 1971 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1">Mars 2 Lander, 1971 † </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1"><a href="/wiki/Mars_3" title="Mars 3">Mars 3, 1971</a> † </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="3"><a href="/wiki/PrOP-M" title="PrOP-M">PrOP-M, 1971</a> </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="3">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="3">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="3">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/23px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/35px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/46px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/ESA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESA">ESA</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="4"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express, 2003</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="3">Mars Express, 2003 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="4"><a href="/wiki/Schiaparelli_EDM" title="Schiaparelli EDM">Schiaparelli EDM, 2016</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="5">Schiaparelli EDM, 2016 </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="4">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="4">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="4">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="4">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="6">TGO, 2016 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="5">TGO, 2016 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="5"><a href="/wiki/Mars_96" title="Mars 96">Mars 96, 1996</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="6">Mars 96, 1996 </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="5">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="5">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="5">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="5">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission" title="Mars Orbiter Mission">MOM, 2014</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="4">MOM, 2014 </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="6">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="6">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="6">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="6">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">UAE</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="9"><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Mars_Mission" title="Emirates Mars Mission">Hope, 2021</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="6">Hope, 2021 </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="5"><a href="/wiki/Beagle_2" title="Beagle 2">Beagle 2, 2003</a> </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="9">— </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="3">Beagle 2, 2003 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="4">Beagle 2, 2003<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="3"><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi, 1998</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="8">Nozomi, 1998 </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="9">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="9">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="9">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="9">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="9">— </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="9">— </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Phobos missions </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country/Agency </th> <th>Impact </th> <th>Lander </th> <th>Rover </th> <th>Sample return </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1"><a href="/wiki/Phobos_1" title="Phobos 1">Phobos 1, 1988</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1">Phobos 1, 1988 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1">Phobos 1, 1988 </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2"><a href="/wiki/Fobos-Grunt" title="Fobos-Grunt">Fobos-Grunt, 2011</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2">Fobos-Grunt, 2011 </td> <td style="background:#ECECEC; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="2">— </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7; text-align:center;" data-sort-value="1">Fobos-Grunt, 2011 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Missions_by_organization/company"><span id="Missions_by_organization.2Fcompany"></span>Missions by organization/company</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_missions_to_Mars&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Missions by organization/company"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th><span class="nowrap">Agency or company</span> </th> <th>Successful </th> <th>Partial failure </th> <th>Failure </th> <th>Operational </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Gravity_assist" title="Gravity assist">Gravity assist</a> </th> <th>Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> </td> <td>13 </td> <td>- </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>23 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Energia_(corporation)" title="Energia (corporation)">Energia</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/23px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/35px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/46px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/ESA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESA">ESA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">ESA</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>2 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>1 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">CNSA</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>- </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISRO" title="ISRO">ISRO</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_Space_Agency" title="United Arab Emirates Space Agency">UAESA</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>1 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Space_and_Astronautical_Science" title="Institute of Space and Astronautical Science">ISAS</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>1 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Space_Centre" title="National Space Centre">NSC</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>1 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Future_missions">Future missions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_missions_to_Mars&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Future missions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Under_development">Under development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_missions_to_Mars&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Under development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Proposed <br />launch date </th> <th>Type </th> <th>Status </th> <th>Reference </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/EscaPADE" title="EscaPADE">EscaPADE</a> </td> <td>NET Spring 2025 </td> <td>Two orbiters </td> <td>under development </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-sn-20240425_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sn-20240425-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Martian_Moons_eXploration" title="Martian Moons eXploration">Martian Moons eXploration</a> </td> <td>2026 </td> <td>Phobos sample return mission </td> <td>under development </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-yomiuri-20231206_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yomiuri-20231206-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tianwen-3" title="Tianwen-3">Tianwen-3</a> </td> <td>2028 </td> <td>Mars sample return mission </td> <td>planned </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tera-hertz_Explorer" title="Tera-hertz Explorer">TEREX</a> </td> <td>Mid 2020s </td> <td>Orbiter </td> <td>planned </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe"><img alt="Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)" title="Rosalind Franklin (rover)"><i>Rosalind Franklin</i></a> </td> <td>2028 </td> <td>Rover </td> <td>under development </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mars_Lander_Mission" title="Mars Lander Mission">Mars Lander Mission</a> </td> <td>2031 </td> <td>Orbiter, lander, rover, aircraft </td> <td>planned </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proposed_missions">Proposed missions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_missions_to_Mars&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Proposed missions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1253789634"> <table class="wikitable sortable sticky-header"> <tbody><tr> <th>Mission </th> <th>Organisation </th> <th>Proposed<br />launch </th> <th>Type </th></tr> <tr> <td>First Commercial Mission to Mars </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Relativity_Space" title="Relativity Space">Relativity Space</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impulse_Space" title="Impulse Space">Impulse Space</a> </td> <td>2026 </td> <td>Lander<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>SpaceX Uncrewed Landing </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> </td> <td>2026 </td> <td>Uncrewed lander<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Mars_colonization_program" title="SpaceX Mars colonization program">SpaceX Mars colonization program</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>SpaceX First Crewed Landing </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> SpaceX </td> <td>2028/2029 </td> <td>Crewed lander<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NASA-ESA_Mars_Sample_Return" title="NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return">NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/23px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/35px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/European_Space_Agency_logo.svg/46px-European_Space_Agency_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>/<a href="/wiki/ESA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESA">ESA</a> </td> <td>NET 2030<sup id="cite_ref-JF21Sept2023_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JF21Sept2023-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JF27March2022_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JF27March2022-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Orbiter/Lander/Return vehicle </td></tr> <tr> <td>Large Inflatable Fabric Environment </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_Corporation" title="Sierra Nevada Corporation">Sierra Nevada Corporation</a> </td> <td>TBD </td> <td>Orbital habitat in Low Mars Orbit (LMO)<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Mars_Ice_Mapper_Mission" title="International Mars Ice Mapper Mission">International Mars Ice Mapper Mission</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> (withdrawn)<sup id="cite_ref-IceMapper_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IceMapper-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">Canadian Space Agency</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Italian_Space_Agency" title="Italian Space Agency">Italian Space Agency</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a> </td> <td>2030s<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Orbiter </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fobos-Grunt#Repeat_mission" title="Fobos-Grunt">Fobos-Grunt 2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mars-Grunt" title="Mars-Grunt">Mars-Grunt</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> </td> <td>2030s<sup id="cite_ref-tass-20230902_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tass-20230902-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Orbiter, lander, ascent vehicle, <a href="/wiki/Sample-return" class="mw-redirect" title="Sample-return">sample-return</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_Aerial_and_Ground_Global_Intelligent_Explorer" title="Mars Aerial and Ground Global Intelligent Explorer">MAGGIE</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars_aircraft" title="Mars aircraft">Aircraft</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=M-MATISSE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M-MATISSE (page does not exist)">M-MATISSE</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe"><img alt="Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/ESA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESA">ESA</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Two orbiters<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unrealized_concepts">Unrealized concepts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_missions_to_Mars&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Unrealized concepts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s">1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_missions_to_Mars&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_4NM" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars 4NM">Mars 4NM</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Mars_5NM" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars 5NM">Mars 5NM</a></i> – projects intended by the Soviet Union for heavy <a href="/wiki/Marsokhod" title="Marsokhod">Marsokhod</a> (in 1973 according to initial plan of 1970) and <a href="/wiki/Mars_sample_return_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars sample return mission">Mars sample return</a> (planned for 1975). The missions were to be launched on the failed <a href="/wiki/N1_(rocket)" title="N1 (rocket)">N1</a> rocket.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_5M" title="Mars 5M">Mars 5M (Mars-79)</a></i> – double-launching Soviet sample return mission planned to 1979 but cancelled due to complexity and technical problems</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program_(Mars)" title="Voyager program (Mars)">Voyager-Mars</a></i> – USA, 1970s – Two orbiters and two landers, launched by a single <a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">Saturn V</a> rocket.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s">1990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_missions_to_Mars&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vesta_(spacecraft)" title="Vesta (spacecraft)">Vesta</a></i> – the multiaimed Soviet mission, developed in cooperation with European countries for realisation in 1991–1994 but canceled due to the Soviet Union disbanding, included the flyby of Mars with delivering the aerostat and small landers or penetrators followed by flybys of <a href="/wiki/1_Ceres" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Ceres">1 Ceres</a> or <a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">4 Vesta</a> and some other <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroids</a> with impact of penetrator on the one of them.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_Aerostat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mars Aerostat (page does not exist)">Mars Aerostat</a></i> – Russian/French balloon part for cancelled Vesta mission and then for failed <a href="/wiki/Mars_96" title="Mars 96">Mars 96</a> mission,<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> originally planned for the 1992 launch window, postponed to 1994 and then to 1996 before being cancelled.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mars Together, combined U.S. and Russian mission study in the 1990s. To be launched by a Molniya with possible U.S. orbiter or lander.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Environmental_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Environmental Survey">Mars Environmental Survey</a></i> – set of 16 landers planned for 1999–2009</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars-98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mars-98 (page does not exist)">Mars-98</a></i> – Russian mission including an orbiter, lander, and rover, planned for 1998 launch opportunity as repeat of failed <a href="/wiki/Mars_96" title="Mars 96">Mars 96</a> mission; cancelled due to lack of funding.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s">2000s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_missions_to_Mars&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2000s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Surveyor_2001_Lander" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander">Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander</a></i> – October 2001 – Mars lander (refurbished, became Phoenix lander)</li> <li><i>Kitty Hawk</i> – Mars airplane micromission, proposed for 17 December 2003, the centennial of the Wright brothers' first flight.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its funding was eventually given to the 2003 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mars Network (page does not exist)">Mars Network</a> project.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NetLander" title="NetLander">NetLander</a></i> – 2007 or 2009 – Mars netlanders</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beagle_3" title="Beagle 3">Beagle 3</a></i> – 2009 British lander mission meant to search for life, past or present.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Telecommunications_Orbiter" title="Mars Telecommunications Orbiter">Mars Telecommunications Orbiter</a></i> – September 2009 – Mars orbiter for telecommunications</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010s-2020s">2010s-2020s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_missions_to_Mars&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2010s-2020s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One">Mars One</a></i> - announced in 2012, planned to land a demo lander on Mars by 2016, with a crewed landing to follow by 2023. These dates were delayed multiple times, and the project was eventually cancelled, with the company going bankrupt in 2019</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sky-Sailor" title="Sky-Sailor">Sky-Sailor</a></i> – 2014 – Plane developed by Switzerland to take detailed pictures of Mars surface</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Astrobiology_Explorer-Cacher" title="Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher">Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher</a></i> – 2018 rover concept, cancelled due to budget cuts in 2011. Sample cache goal later moved to <a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> rover.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Red_Dragon" title="SpaceX Red Dragon">Red Dragon</a></i> – Derivative of a <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon_2" title="SpaceX Dragon 2">Dragon 2</a> capsule by SpaceX, designed to land by aerobraking and retropropulsion. Planned for 2018, then 2020. Canceled in favor of the <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a> system.</li> <li><i>Tumbleweed</i> rover, wind-propelled sphere<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA24838-NASA-MarsMissions-20210928.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PIA24838-NASA-MarsMissions-20210928.jpg/500px-PIA24838-NASA-MarsMissions-20210928.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PIA24838-NASA-MarsMissions-20210928.jpg/750px-PIA24838-NASA-MarsMissions-20210928.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PIA24838-NASA-MarsMissions-20210928.jpg/1000px-PIA24838-NASA-MarsMissions-20210928.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><div align="center">NASA missions to Mars (28 September 2021)<br />(Perseverance rover/Ingenuity Mars Helicopter; InSight lander; Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter; Odyssey orbiter; Curiosity rover; MAVEN orbiter)</div></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MELOS" title="MELOS">MELOS</a>, Japanese rover and aircraft concept</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icebreaker_Life" title="Icebreaker Life">Icebreaker Life</a>, astrobiology lander concept</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Mars_Orbiter" title="Next Mars Orbiter">Next Mars Orbiter</a>, orbiter, communication satellite<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_and_Phobos_Interior_Explorer" title="Deimos and Phobos Interior Explorer">Deimos and Phobos Interior Explorer</a>, ESA concept of a mission to both moons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_MetNet" title="Mars MetNet">Mars MetNet</a>, atmospheric probes concept</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Geyser_Hopper" title="Mars Geyser Hopper">Mars Geyser Hopper</a>, lander, mission to Mars geysers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Micro_Orbiter" title="Mars Micro Orbiter">Mars Micro Orbiter</a>, small satellites as part of <a href="/wiki/SIMPLEx" class="mw-redirect" title="SIMPLEx">SIMPLEx</a> program</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_And_Deimos_%26_Mars_Environment" title="Phobos And Deimos & Mars Environment">Phobos And Deimos & Mars Environment</a>, NASA concept of mission to both moons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_Oxidant_and_Life_Detection" title="Biological Oxidant and Life Detection">Biological Oxidant and Life Detection</a>, impactor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SatRevolution" title="SatRevolution">SatRevolution</a>, nanosatellite</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_missions_to_Mars&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">Exploration of Mars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_flyby" title="Mars flyby">Mars flyby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellites_of_Mars" title="Satellites of Mars">Satellites of Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_landing" title="Mars landing">Mars landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_rover" title="Mars rover">Mars rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_Mars" title="List of artificial objects on Mars">List of artificial objects on Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_embedded_computer_systems_on_board_the_Mars_rovers" title="Comparison of embedded computer systems on board the Mars rovers">Comparison of embedded computer systems on board the Mars rovers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_mission_to_Mars" title="Human mission to Mars">Human mission to Mars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Solar_System_exploration" title="Timeline of Solar System exploration">Timeline of Solar System exploration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_extraterrestrial_surfaces" title="List of artificial objects on extraterrestrial surfaces">List of artificial objects on extraterrestrial surfaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Venus" title="List of missions to Venus">List of missions to Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">List of missions to the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_minor_planets" title="List of missions to minor planets">List of missions to minor planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_outer_planets" title="List of missions to the outer planets">List of missions to the outer planets</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_missions_to_Mars&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">While Beagle 2 had landed intact, it failed to establish communication.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_missions_to_Mars&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-chrono-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chrono_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/chronology_mars.html">Chronology of Mars Exploration</a>. NASA. Retrieved on 1 December 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-name-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-name_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/rover/name.html">"Pathfinder Rover Gets Its Name"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pathfinder+Rover+Gets+Its+Name&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmars.jpl.nasa.gov%2FMPF%2Frover%2Fname.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+missions+to+Mars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rusweb-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rusweb_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russianspaceweb.com/spacecraft_planetary_mars.html">"Russia's unmanned missions to Mars"</a>. <i>www.russianspaceweb.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved 11 Feb. 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perminov1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Perminov1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perminov1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerminov1999" class="citation book cs1">Perminov, V.G. (July 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/difficultroadtom00perm/page/34"><i>The Difficult Road to Mars - A Brief History of Mars Exploration in the Soviet Union</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2021</span>. <q>The picture of the "touring group photo" shows the rover traveling about 10 meters south of the landing platform, releasing the separate camera installed at the bottom of the vehicle, and then retreating to the vicinity of the landing platform.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+scientific+image+map+was+unveiled%2C+and+it+was+a+one-time+tour%21+my+country%27s+first+Mars+exploration+mission+was+a+complete+success&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmp.weixin.qq.com%2Fs%2Fw_3t4yp7pGjSMl7CTJ1-Gw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+missions+to+Mars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/hUJHZD10VONAulzIXnfFtA">"New Year's Day greetings-China National Space Administration releases the images returned by the Tianwen-1 probe"</a>. 1 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Year%27s+Day+greetings-China+National+Space+Administration+releases+the+images+returned+by+the+Tianwen-1+probe&rft.date=2022-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmp.weixin.qq.com%2Fs%2FhUJHZD10VONAulzIXnfFtA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+missions+to+Mars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/science-environment-53567859">"Nasa Mars rover: Perseverance launches from Florida"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 30 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Space+Flight+Now&rft.atitle=NASA+eyes+ion+engines+for+Mars+orbiter+launching+in+2022&rft.date=2015-03-03&rft.aulast=Stephen&rft.aufirst=Clark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspaceflightnow.com%2F2015%2F03%2F03%2Fnasa-eyes-ion-engines-for-mars-orbiter-launching-in-2022%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+missions+to+Mars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Space_missions_by_destination" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spacecraft_by_destination" title="Template:Spacecraft by destination"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spacecraft_by_destination" title="Template talk:Spacecraft by destination"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spacecraft_by_destination" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spacecraft by destination"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Space_missions_by_destination" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Space_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Space missions">Space missions</a> by destination</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Mercury" class="mw-redirect" title="List of missions to Mercury">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Venus" title="List of missions to Venus">Venus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_outer_planets" title="List of missions to the outer planets">Outer planets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_outer_planets#Jupiter" title="List of missions to the outer planets">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_outer_planets#Saturn" title="List of missions to the outer planets">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_outer_planets#Uranus" title="List of missions to the outer planets">Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_outer_planets#Neptune" title="List of missions to the outer planets">Neptune</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heliophysics_missions" title="List of heliophysics missions">The Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">The Moon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_probes" title="List of lunar probes">lunar probes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_minor_planets" title="List of missions to minor planets">Minor planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_comets" title="List of missions to comets">Comets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orbiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbiter">Orbiters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extraterrestrial_orbiters" title="List of extraterrestrial orbiters">Extraterrestrial orbiters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_orbiters" title="List of Mars orbiters">Mars orbiters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_in_heliocentric_orbit" title="List of artificial objects in heliocentric orbit">Objects in heliocentric orbit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NASA_planetary_exploration_programs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASA_planetary_exploration_programs" title="Template:NASA planetary exploration programs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NASA_planetary_exploration_programs" title="Template talk:NASA planetary exploration programs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NASA_planetary_exploration_programs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NASA planetary exploration programs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NASA_planetary_exploration_programs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Solar_System_exploration" title="Timeline of Solar System exploration">planetary exploration</a> programs</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_strategic_science_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Large strategic science missions">Large strategic science missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Discovery_and_Exploration_Program" title="Lunar Discovery and Exploration Program">Lunar Discovery & Exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Mars Exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Missions_Program_Office" title="Planetary Missions Program Office">Planetary Missions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Program" title="Discovery Program">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Frontiers_program" title="New Frontiers program">New Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Missions_Program_Office#Solar_System_Exploration" title="Planetary Missions Program Office">Solar System Exploration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Worlds_Exploration_Program" title="Ocean Worlds Exploration Program">Ocean Worlds Exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Completed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_program" title="Mariner program">Mariner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MESUR" title="MESUR">MESUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Millennium_Program" title="New Millennium Program">New Millennium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Planetary Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Tour_program" title="Grand Tour program">Grand Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_Mark_II" title="Mariner Mark II">Mariner Mark II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Prometheus" title="Project Prometheus">Project Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program_(Mars)" title="Voyager program (Mars)">Voyager (Mars)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">List of NASA missions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spacecraft_missions_to_Mars" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mars_spacecraft" title="Template:Mars spacecraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mars_spacecraft" title="Template talk:Mars spacecraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mars_spacecraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mars spacecraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spacecraft_missions_to_Mars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spacecraft missions</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">List of missions to Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_orbiters" title="List of Mars orbiters">List of Mars orbiters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_Mars" title="List of artificial objects on Mars">List of artificial objects on Mars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:55px">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/Mars_flyby" title="Mars flyby">Flybys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psyche_(spacecraft)" title="Psyche (spacecraft)"><i>Psyche</i></a><sup>‡</sup> (2023, flyby in 2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(space_mission)" title="Hera (space mission)"><i>Hera</i></a><sup>‡</sup> (2024, flyby in 2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i><sup>‡</sup> (2024, flyby in 2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_orbiters" title="List of Mars orbiters">Orbiters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Timeline of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trace_Gas_Orbiter" title="Trace Gas Orbiter">ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Mars_Mission" title="Emirates Mars Mission"><i>Hope</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1#Orbiter" title="Tianwen-1"><i>Tianwen-1</i> orbiter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/Mars_rover" title="Mars rover">Rovers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_2020" title="Timeline of Mars 2020">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg/100px-2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg/150px-2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg/200px-2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5824" data-file-height="4737" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <br /> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenix_landing_(PIA09943_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg/100px-Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg/150px-Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg/200px-Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <br /> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MSL_Artist_Concept_(PIA14164_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg/100px-MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg/150px-MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg/200px-MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:55px">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/Mars_flyby" title="Mars flyby">Flybys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_1" title="Mars 1">Mars 1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_4" title="Mariner 4">Mariner 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_2" title="Zond 2">Zond 2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_6_and_7" title="Mariner 6 and 7">Mariner 6 and 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_6" title="Mars 6">Mars 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_7" title="Mars 7">Mars 7</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a></i><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a></i><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Cube_One" title="Mars Cube One">Mars Cube One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2" title="Mars 2">Mars 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_3" title="Mars 3">Mars 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_9" title="Mariner 9">Mariner 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_4" title="Mars 4">Mars 4</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_5" title="Mars 5">Mars 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking program</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_1" title="Viking 1">Viking 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_2" title="Viking 2">Viking 2</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_program" title="Phobos program">Phobos program</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_1" title="Phobos 1">Phobos 1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_2" title="Phobos 2">Phobos 2</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Observer" title="Mars Observer">Mars Observer</a></i><sup>†</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a></i><sup>†</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter" title="Mars Climate Orbiter">Mars Climate Orbiter</a></i><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission" title="Mars Orbiter Mission"><i>Mangalyaan</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_landers" title="List of Mars landers">Landers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2" title="Mars 2">Mars 2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_3" title="Mars 3">Mars 3</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_6" title="Mars 6">Mars 6</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_7" title="Mars 7">Mars 7</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_1" title="Viking 1"><i>Viking 1</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_2" title="Viking 2"><i>Viking 2</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder" title="Mars Pathfinder"><i>Mars Pathfinder</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Polar_Lander" title="Mars Polar Lander">Mars Polar Lander</a><sup>†</sup> / <a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_2" title="Deep Space 2">Deep Space 2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beagle_2" title="Beagle 2">Beagle 2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)"><i>Phoenix</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schiaparelli_EDM" title="Schiaparelli EDM">ExoMars <i>Schiaparelli</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight"><i>InSight</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1"><i>Tianwen-1</i> lander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Rovers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PrOP-M" title="PrOP-M">PrOP-M</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)"><i>Sojourner</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Spirit" title="Timeline of Spirit">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><i>Opportunity</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Opportunity" title="Timeline of Opportunity">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)"><i>Zhurong</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/Mars_aircraft" title="Mars aircraft">Aircraft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)"><i>Ingenuity</i> helicopter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ingenuity_flights" title="List of Ingenuity flights">flights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Failedlaunches" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px;background: #ddddff;">Failed<br />launches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_1M_No.1" title="Mars 1M No.1">Mars 1M No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_1M_No.2" title="Mars 1M No.2">1M No.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2MV-4_No.1" title="Mars 2MV-4 No.1">2MV-4 No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2MV-3_No.1" title="Mars 2MV-3 No.1">2MV-3 No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_3" title="Mariner 3">Mariner 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2M_No.521" title="Mars 2M No.521">Mars 2M No.521</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2M_No.522" title="Mars 2M No.522">2M No.522</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_8" title="Mariner 8">Mariner 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_419" title="Kosmos 419">Mars 3MS No.170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_96" title="Mars 96">Mars 96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fobos-Grunt" title="Fobos-Grunt">Fobos-Grunt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yinghuo-1" title="Yinghuo-1">Yinghuo-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:55px">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EscaPADE" title="EscaPADE">EscaPADE</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tera-hertz_Explorer" title="Tera-hertz Explorer">Tera-hertz Explorer (TEREX)</a> (mid 2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_Moons_eXploration" title="Martian Moons eXploration">Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Orbiter Mission 2"><i>Mangalyaan-2</i></a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-3" title="Tianwen-3">Tianwen-3</a> (2028)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)" title="Rosalind Franklin (rover)">Rosalind Franklin</a></i> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBR_Explorer" title="MBR Explorer">MBR Explorer</a><sup>‡</sup> (2028, flyby in 2031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA-ESA_Mars_Sample_Return" title="NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return">NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Sample_Recovery_Helicopter" title="Mars Sample Recovery Helicopter">Mars Sample Recovery Helicopters</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kazachok" title="Kazachok">Kazachok</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Aerial_and_Ground_Global_Intelligent_Explorer" title="Mars Aerial and Ground Global Intelligent Explorer">MAGGIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Mars_program" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX Mars program">SpaceX Mars program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars-Grunt" title="Mars-Grunt">Mars-Grunt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cancelledor_not_developed" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px;background: #ddddff;">Cancelled<br />or not developed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_Regional-scale_Environmental_Survey" title="Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Survey">Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology_Field_Laboratory" title="Astrobiology Field Laboratory">Astrobiology Field Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beagle_3" title="Beagle 3">Beagle 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_Oxidant_and_Life_Detection" title="Biological Oxidant and Life Detection">Biological Oxidant and Life Detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_and_Phobos_Interior_Explorer" title="Deimos and Phobos Interior Explorer">DePhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icebreaker_Life" title="Icebreaker Life">Icebreaker Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsokhod" title="Marsokhod">Marsokhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_4NM" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars 4NM">Mars 4NM & 5NM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_5M" title="Mars 5M">Mars 5M (Mars-79)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars-Aster" title="Mars-Aster">Mars-Aster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Astrobiology_Explorer-Cacher" title="Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher">Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Geyser_Hopper" title="Mars Geyser Hopper">Mars Geyser Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Ice_Mapper" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Exploration Ice Mapper">Mars Exploration Ice Mapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One">Mars One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Micro_Orbiter" title="Mars Micro Orbiter">Mars Micro Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Surveyor_2001" title="Mars Surveyor 2001">Mars Surveyor Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Telecommunications_Orbiter" title="Mars Telecommunications Orbiter">Mars Telecommunications Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MELOS" title="MELOS">MELOS rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_MetNet" title="Mars MetNet">MetNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetLander" title="NetLander">NetLander</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Light_(spacecraft)" title="Northern Light (spacecraft)">Northern Light</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Mars_Orbiter" title="Next Mars Orbiter">Next Mars Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_And_Deimos_%26_Mars_Environment" title="Phobos And Deimos & Mars Environment">PADME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phootprint" title="Phootprint">Phootprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sample_Collection_for_Investigation_of_Mars" title="Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars">Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars (SCIM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky-Sailor" title="Sky-Sailor">Sky-Sailor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Red_Dragon" title="SpaceX Red Dragon">SpaceX Red Dragon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vesta_(spacecraft)" title="Vesta (spacecraft)">Vesta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program_(Mars)" title="Voyager program (Mars)">Voyager Mars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:55px"><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">Exploration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_flyby" title="Mars flyby">Flyby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_orbiters" title="List of Mars orbiters">Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_landing" title="Mars landing">Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_atmospheric_entry" title="Mars atmospheric entry">Atmospheric entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_rover" title="Mars rover">Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_aircraft" title="Mars aircraft">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_sample-return_mission" title="Mars sample-return mission">Sample return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_mission_to_Mars" title="Human mission to Mars">Human mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_to_Stay" title="Mars to Stay">Permanent settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_Mars" title="Colonization of Mars">Colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraforming_of_Mars" title="Terraforming of Mars">Terraforming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Strategies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Scout_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Scout Program">Mars Scout Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Mars Exploration Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Joint_Initiative" title="Mars Exploration Joint Initiative">Mars Exploration Joint Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Next_Generation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Next Generation">Mars Next Generation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Advocacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mars_Project" title="The Mars Project">The Mars Project</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Case_for_Mars" title="The Case for Mars">The Case for Mars</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspiration_Mars_Foundation" title="Inspiration Mars Foundation">Inspiration Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Institute" title="Mars Institute">Mars Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Society" title="Mars Society">Mars Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_race" title="Mars race">Mars race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign <sup>†</sup> indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned. <sup>‡</sup> indicates use of the planet as a <a href="/wiki/Gravity_assist" title="Gravity assist">gravity assist</a> en route to another destination.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mars" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mars" title="Template:Mars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mars" title="Template talk:Mars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Mars" title="Outline of Mars">Outline of Mars</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Areography" title="Areography">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Mars" title="Atmosphere of Mars">Atmosphere</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_general_circulation_model" title="Mars general circulation model">Circulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Mars" title="Climate of Mars">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_dust_devils" title="Martian dust devils">Dust devil tracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_methane_on_Mars" title="Natural methane on Mars">Methane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrae_on_Mars" title="List of terrae on Mars">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra">Arabia Terra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerberus_(Mars)" title="Cerberus (Mars)">Cerberus (Mars)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cydonia_(Mars)" title="Cydonia (Mars)">Cydonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eridania_Lake" title="Eridania Lake">Eridania Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iani_Chaos" title="Iani Chaos">Iani Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia_Undae" title="Olympia Undae">Olympia Undae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planum_Australe" title="Planum Australe">Planum Australe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planum_Boreum" title="Planum Boreum">Planum Boreum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_quadrangles_on_Mars" title="List of quadrangles on Mars">Quadrangles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinus_Meridiani" title="Sinus Meridiani">Sinus Meridiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempe_Terra" title="Tempe Terra">Tempe Terra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Cimmeria" title="Terra Cimmeria">Terra Cimmeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Sabaea" title="Terra Sabaea">Terra Sabaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharsis" title="Tharsis">Tharsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extraterrestrial_dune_fields" title="List of extraterrestrial dune fields">Undae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Polar_Lander#Landing_zone" title="Mars Polar Lander">Ultimi Scopuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastitas_Borealis" title="Vastitas Borealis">Vastitas Borealis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_surface_features_of_Mars" title="Common surface features of Mars">Physical<br />features</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martian_canals" title="Martian canals">"Canals"</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Martian_canals" title="List of Martian canals">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasma#Mars" title="Chasma">Canyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crater_chain" title="Crater chain">Catenae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_terrain" title="Chaos terrain">Chaos terrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_craters_on_Mars" title="List of craters on Mars">Craters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossa_(planetary_nomenclature)" title="Fossa (planetary nomenclature)">Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullies_on_Mars" title="Gullies on Mars">Gullies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mensa_(geology)" title="Mensa (geology)">Mensae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_nomenclature#Descriptor_terms_(feature_types)" title="Planetary nomenclature">Labyrinthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_on_Mars" title="List of mountains on Mars">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_on_Mars_by_height" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mountains on Mars by height">by height</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rocks_on_Mars" title="List of rocks on Mars">Observed rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outflow_channels" title="Outflow channels">Outflow channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_plains_on_Mars" title="List of plains on Mars">Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_network_(Mars)" title="Valley network (Mars)">Valley network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallis_(planetary_geology)" title="Vallis (planetary geology)">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_of_Mars" title="Gravity of Mars">Gravity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Mars" title="Geology of Mars">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brain_terrain" title="Brain terrain">Brain terrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonates_on_Mars" title="Carbonates on Mars">Carbonates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_of_chaos_terrain_on_Mars" title="List of areas of chaos terrain on Mars">Chaos terrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_surface_color" title="Mars surface color">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composition_of_Mars" title="Composition of Mars">Composition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentric_crater_fill" title="Concentric crater fill">Concentric crater fill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_slope_streak" title="Dark slope streak">Dark slope streak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_dichotomy" title="Martian dichotomy">Dichotomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fretted_terrain" title="Fretted terrain">Fretted terrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geysers_on_Mars" title="Geysers on Mars">Geysers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaciers_on_Mars" title="Glaciers on Mars">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundwater_on_Mars" title="Groundwater on Mars">Groundwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullies_on_Mars" title="Gullies on Mars">Gullies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakes_on_Mars" title="Lakes on Mars">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_lava_tube" title="Martian lava tube">Lava tubes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobate_debris_apron" title="Lobate debris apron">Lobate debris apron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsquake" title="Marsquake">Marsquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_meteorite" title="Martian meteorite">Meteorites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Martian_meteorites" title="List of Martian meteorites">on Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rocks_on_Mars" title="List of rocks on Mars">on Mars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud_cracks_on_Mars" title="Mud cracks on Mars">Mud cracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Polar_Basin_(Mars)" title="North Polar Basin (Mars)">North Polar Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_ocean_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars ocean hypothesis">Ocean hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ore_resources_on_Mars" title="Ore resources on Mars">Ore resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_polar_ice_caps" title="Martian polar ice caps">Polar caps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/True_polar_wander_on_Mars" title="True polar wander on Mars">polar wander</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasonal_flows_on_warm_Martian_slopes" title="Seasonal flows on warm Martian slopes">Recurring slope lineae (RSL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_mold_crater" title="Ring mold crater">Ring mold craters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootless_cone" title="Rootless cone">Rootless cones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasonal_flows_on_warm_Martian_slopes" title="Seasonal flows on warm Martian slopes">Seasonal flows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_soil" class="mw-redirect" title="Martian soil">Soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_spherules" title="Martian spherules">Spherules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_surface" title="Martian surface">Surface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cheese_features" title="Swiss cheese features">"Swiss cheese" feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrain_softening" title="Terrain softening">Terrain softening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharsis#Location_and_Size" title="Tharsis">Tharsis bulge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_on_Mars" title="Volcanism on Mars">Volcanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_on_Mars" title="Water on Mars">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yardangs_on_Mars" title="Yardangs on Mars">Yardangs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geological_history_of_Mars" title="Geological history of Mars">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_(Mars)" title="Amazonian (Mars)">Amazonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperian" title="Hesperian">Hesperian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noachian" title="Noachian">Noachian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mars_observation" title="History of Mars observation">Observation history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_albedo_features_on_Mars" title="Classical albedo features on Mars">Classical albedo features</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Astronomy_on_Mars" title="Astronomy on Mars">Astronomy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Mars" title="Moons of Mars">Moons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_(moon)" title="Phobos (moon)">Phobos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stickney_(crater)" title="Stickney (crater)">Stickney crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limtoc" title="Limtoc">Limtoc crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_monolith" title="Phobos monolith">Monolith</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_(moon)" title="Deimos (moon)">Deimos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swift_(Deimian_crater)" title="Swift (Deimian crater)">Swift crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire_(crater)" title="Voltaire (crater)">Voltaire crater</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_transit" title="Astronomical transit">Transits</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipses_on_Mars" title="Solar eclipses on Mars">Solar eclipses on Mars</a></li> <li>Satellite transits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transit_of_Phobos_from_Mars" title="Transit of Phobos from Mars">Phobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_of_Deimos_from_Mars" title="Transit of Deimos from Mars">Deimos</a></li></ul></li> <li>Planetary transits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transit_of_Earth_from_Mars" title="Transit of Earth from Mars">Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_of_Mercury_from_Mars" title="Transit of Mercury from Mars">Mercury</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_events_on_Mars" title="Impact events on Mars">Impacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Mars-crossing minor planets">Mars-crossers</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_WD5" title="2007 WD5">2007 WD<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">5</span></span></a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_trojan" title="Mars trojan">Trojans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5261_Eureka" title="5261 Eureka">5261 Eureka</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(101429)_1998_VF31" title="(101429) 1998 VF31">1998 VF<sub>31</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(121514)_1999_UJ7" title="(121514) 1999 UJ7">1999 UJ<sub>7</sub></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(311999)_2007_NS2" title="(311999) 2007 NS2">2007 NS<sub>2</sub></a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_A1_(Siding_Spring)" title="C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)">C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbit_of_Mars" title="Orbit of Mars">Orbit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">Exploration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_flyby" title="Mars flyby">Flyby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_orbiters" title="List of Mars orbiters">Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_landing" title="Mars landing">Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_rover" title="Mars rover">Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_sample-return_mission" title="Mars sample-return mission">Sample return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_mission_to_Mars" title="Human mission to Mars">Human mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_to_Stay" title="Mars to Stay">Permanent settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_Mars" title="Colonization of Mars">Colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraforming_of_Mars" title="Terraforming of Mars">Terraforming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mars_spacecraft" title="Template:Mars spacecraft">Missions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">List of missions to Mars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advocacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mars_Project" title="The Mars Project">The Mars Project</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Case_for_Mars" title="The Case for Mars">The Case for Mars</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspiration_Mars_Foundation" title="Inspiration Mars Foundation">Inspiration Mars Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Institute" title="Mars Institute">Mars Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Society" title="Mars Society">Mars Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_race" title="Mars race">Mars race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_Mars" title="List of artificial objects on Mars">Artificial objects on Mars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extraterrestrial_memorials#Mars" title="List of extraterrestrial memorials">Memorials on Mars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_in_fiction" title="Mars in fiction">Fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_on_Mars" title="List of films set on Mars">List of films set on Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_scientist" title="Martian scientist">Martian scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_(mythology)" title="Mars (mythology)">Mythology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Mars" title="Flag of Mars">Flag of Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_on_Mars" title="Life on Mars">Life on Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Earth" title="Sub-Earth">Sub-Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timekeeping_on_Mars" title="Timekeeping on Mars">Timekeeping on Mars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_sol" title="Mars sol">Sol (day on Mars)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darian_calendar" title="Darian calendar">Darian calendar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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