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<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Wassail rootpage-Wassail skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Hopp til innhald</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettstad"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hovudmeny" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fleire val" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlege verktøy" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlege verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nn.wikipedia.org&uselang=nn"><span>Gåver</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Wassail" title="Me oppfordrar til at du oppretter ein konto og loggar inn, men det er ikkje påkravd."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Wassail" title="Det er ikkje obligatorisk å logga inn, men medfører mange fordelar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sider for utlogga bidragsytarar <a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Introduksjon" aria-label="Lær meir om redigering"><span>lær meir</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bidraga_mine" title="Liste over endringar gjorde frå denne IP-adressa [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Diskusjonssida_mi" title="Diskusjon om endringar gjorde av denne ip-adressa [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettstad"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhald" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhald</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjinga</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ordsoge_og_opphav" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ordsoge_og_opphav"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ordsoge og opphav</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ordsoge_og_opphav-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fest_og_vitjing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fest_og_vitjing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fest og vitjing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fest_og_vitjing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Signing_av_levebrødet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signing_av_levebrødet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Signing av levebrødet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Signing_av_levebrødet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wassaildrikkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wassaildrikkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Wassaildrikkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wassaildrikkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kjelder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kjelder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kjelder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kjelder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunnsstoff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bakgrunnsstoff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhald" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innhaldslista" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innhaldslista</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wassail</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Tilgjengeleg på 4 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwaseila" title="Gwaseila – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwaseila" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wassail" title="Wassail – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wassail" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%AE%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B7" title="Սուրբծննդյան պունշ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սուրբծննդյան պունշ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Вассайл – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вассайл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3405739#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Endra mellomspråklege lenkjer" class="wbc-editpage">Endra lenkjer</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wassail" title="Vis innhaldssida [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:Wassail&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om innhaldssida (sida finst ikkje) [t]" 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id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wassail"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassail&veaction=edit" title="Endre sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Endre</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassail&action=edit" title="Endre kjeldekoden til sida [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Endre wikiteksten</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassail&action=history" title="Eldre versjonar av sida [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Sjå historikken</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown 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sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Endre</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassail&action=edit" title="Endre kjeldekoden til sida [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Endre wikiteksten</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassail&action=history"><span>Sjå historikken</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ålment </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenkjer_hit/Wassail" title="Liste over alle wikisidene som har lenkjer hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenkjer hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringar/Wassail" rel="nofollow" title="Nylege endringar på sider denne sida lenkjar til [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringar</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nn" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassail&oldid=3575887" title="Fast lenkje til denne versjonen av sida"><span>Fast lenkje</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassail&action=info" title="Meir informasjon om sida"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siter&page=Wassail&id=3575887&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om korleis ein siterer denne sida"><span>Siter denne sida</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWassail"><span>Hent kort URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWassail"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Wassail"><span>Opprett ei bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Wassail&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassail&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsversjon av sida [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsversjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utsjånad"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utsjånad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gøym</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Frå Wikipedia – det frie oppslagsverket</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nn" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wassailing_cider_sampling_at_Maplehurst,_West_Sussex.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Wassailing_cider_sampling_at_Maplehurst%2C_West_Sussex.jpg/170px-Wassailing_cider_sampling_at_Maplehurst%2C_West_Sussex.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Wassailing_cider_sampling_at_Maplehurst%2C_West_Sussex.jpg/255px-Wassailing_cider_sampling_at_Maplehurst%2C_West_Sussex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Wassailing_cider_sampling_at_Maplehurst%2C_West_Sussex.jpg/340px-Wassailing_cider_sampling_at_Maplehurst%2C_West_Sussex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Wassailfeiring med <a href="/wiki/Fakkel" title="Fakkel">faklar</a> og <a href="/wiki/Eplesider" class="mw-redirect" title="Eplesider">eplesider</a> i ein frukthage i <a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Twelfth_Night_wassail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Twelfth_Night_wassail.jpg/220px-Twelfth_Night_wassail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Twelfth_Night_wassail.jpg/330px-Twelfth_Night_wassail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Twelfth_Night_wassail.jpg/440px-Twelfth_Night_wassail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mummer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mummer (sida finst ikkje)">Mummerspelarar</a> samla rundt ei wassailskål på heilagetrekongarsaftan.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Wassail</b> er ein britisk <a href="/wiki/Jul" title="Jul">juletradisjon</a> med røter tilbake til <a href="/wiki/Mellomalderen" title="Mellomalderen">mellomalderen</a>. Ordet kan visa til ein skikk med å vitja anten naboar eller husdyr, havet eller dyrka mark og så synga, drikka og ofra for eit godt år. Ordet «wassail» kan visa til det å feira eller drikka wassail, eller vera namnet på ein krydra <a href="/wiki/Drikk" class="mw-redirect" title="Drikk">drikk</a> laga spesielt til feiringa. Skikken er kjend frå ulike delar av Storbritannia, men har særleg stått sterkt i Sør-England. Wassailing er gjerne knytt til ein særskild dag, som <a href="/wiki/Julaftan" title="Julaftan">julaftan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nytt%C3%A5rsaftan" title="Nyttårsaftan">nyttårsaftan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heilagetrekongarsaftan" title="Heilagetrekongarsaftan">heilagetrekongarsaftan</a> (7. januar eller, etter gammal kalender, 17. januar) eller <a href="/wiki/Kyndelsmesse" title="Kyndelsmesse">kyndelsmesse</a>. Ein kunne ha ei eiga forseggjort wassailskål til å utføra wassail med. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ordsoge_og_opphav">Ordsoge og opphav</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassail&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Endre bolk: Ordsoge og opphav" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassail&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ordsoge og opphav"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>«Wassail» kjem frå <a href="/wiki/Mellomengelsk" title="Mellomengelsk">mellomengelsk</a> <i>wæs hæil</i>, 'ver (ved god) helse', som igjen kjem frå <a href="/wiki/Norr%C3%B8nt" title="Norrønt">norrønt</a> <i>ves heill</i>. Opphavleg blei det brukt på same måte som «skål», og det vanlege svaret var <i>drinkhail</i>, 'drikk helse'. På 1100-talet la <a href="/wiki/Normannarar" title="Normannarar">normannarar</a> fram denne skikken som typisk for engelskmenn. Etterkvart gjekk ordet over til å berre bli brukt i visse lokale dialektar og i samband med <a href="/wiki/Midtvinter" class="mw-redirect" title="Midtvinter">midtvinterskikken</a> wassail. Denne skikken er også kjend under andre namn, som <i>waysailing</i>, <i>vessel-cup</i> og <i>(apple) howling</i>. I Wales blei skikken kalla til <i>canu gwasael</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wales_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wales-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Skikken har tydeleg heidensk preg, men blei etterkvart kristna ved at offer for eit godt nytt år blei til signingar og bøner til Gud om det same. Geistlege deltok i rituala og ein song wassailsongar i kloster. I nyare tid finst både kristne og nyheidenske wassailar. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Charles_Rennie_Mackintosh_-_The_Wassail_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Charles_Rennie_Mackintosh_-_The_Wassail_1900.jpg/220px-Charles_Rennie_Mackintosh_-_The_Wassail_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Charles_Rennie_Mackintosh_-_The_Wassail_1900.jpg/330px-Charles_Rennie_Mackintosh_-_The_Wassail_1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Charles_Rennie_Mackintosh_-_The_Wassail_1900.jpg/440px-Charles_Rennie_Mackintosh_-_The_Wassail_1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption><i>The Wassail</i> (1900) av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Rennie_Mackintosh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Rennie Mackintosh (sida finst ikkje)">Charles Rennie Mackintosh</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fest_og_vitjing">Fest og vitjing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassail&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Endre bolk: Fest og vitjing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassail&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fest og vitjing"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wassaildrikking kunne gå ut på at eit hushald høgtideleg drakk frå éin kopp med krydra drikke, etterkvart også frå fleire skåler. Husbonden drakk først og sende skåla vidare. Denne skikken er mellom anna kjend frå <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tudor (sida finst ikkje)">tudortida</a>. I mange rikare hus kunne ein ha store, forseggjorte wassailskåler av sølv. </p><p>Vitjeversjonen av wassailing er ein <a href="/wiki/Julebukk" title="Julebukk">julebukkaktig</a> tradisjon. Han gjekk ut på at barn, unge kvinner eller fattige vitja hus med ei skål drikke. Både vitjarane og skåla kunne vera pynta med band og kransar. Dei kunne også bera ein kasse med ein eller to dokker som førestilte <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">jesusbarnet</a> og <a href="/wiki/Jomfru_Maria" title="Jomfru Maria">jomfru Maria</a>. Wassailerane kunne synga eller seia fram <a href="/wiki/Lukke" title="Lukke">lukkeønskande</a> vers, og som takk få mat eller pengar. I Wales måtte vitjarane overtala bebuarane til å sleppa dei inn med vers. Dei stod på kvar si side av ei stengd dør og medan vitjarane prisa ølet, maten, elden og kvinnfolka der inne, kunne bebuarane svara med å spørja dei kvifor dei skulle sleppa inn når dei ikkje hadde vore til stades ved innhaustinga eller torvtakinga.<sup id="cite_ref-Wales_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wales-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det finst mange <a href="/wiki/Julesongar" title="Julesongar">julesongar</a> er knytte til denne tradisjonen, som «<a href="/wiki/Here_we_come_a-wassailing" class="mw-redirect" title="Here we come a-wassailing">Here we come a-wassailing</a>», «Oh, where is the maid» og «<a href="/wiki/We_wish_you_a_Merry_Christmas" title="We wish you a Merry Christmas">We wish you a Merry Christmas</a>». Vitjarane kunne vel så gjerne syngja ein julesong som ikkje var særleg knytt til wassailing. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wassailing_at_Maplehurst,_West_Sussex_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Wassailing_at_Maplehurst%2C_West_Sussex_3.jpg/220px-Wassailing_at_Maplehurst%2C_West_Sussex_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Wassailing_at_Maplehurst%2C_West_Sussex_3.jpg/330px-Wassailing_at_Maplehurst%2C_West_Sussex_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Wassailing_at_Maplehurst%2C_West_Sussex_3.jpg/440px-Wassailing_at_Maplehurst%2C_West_Sussex_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>Epletre-wassailing i <a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">West Sussex</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Signing_av_levebrødet"><span id="Signing_av_levebr.C3.B8det"></span>Signing av levebrødet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassail&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Endre bolk: Signing av levebrødet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassail&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Signing av levebrødet"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bonde" title="Bonde">Bønder</a> og <a href="/wiki/Fiskar" title="Fiskar">fiskarar</a> kunne wassaila det som gav dei levebrødet, som <a href="/wiki/%C3%85ker" title="Åker">åkrane</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frukttre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frukttre (sida finst ikkje)">frukttrea</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Husdyr" title="Husdyr">husdyra</a> sine, eller <a href="/wiki/Hav" title="Hav">havet</a> for fiskarar. Å tømma øl i havet med ei bøn om godt fiske er skildra på <a href="/wiki/Hebridane" title="Hebridane">Hebridane</a> ved den skotske vestkysten på 1600-talet, men skal ha døydd ut rundt 1700. </p><p>Frå 1600- til byrjinga av 1900-talet er det også skildra wassailing av husdyr, gjerne <a href="/wiki/Storfe" title="Storfe">storfe</a>, i heile Storbritannia. Ein kunne då ganske enkelt drikka til husdyr, men også henga kaker på horna deira eller leia dei rundt åkrane medan ein sa visse formular. Mat og drikke til gardsarbeidarane høyrde med til feiringa. </p><p>Eit vers frå <a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Herefordshire</a> for wassailing av ei kvige, nedskrive i 1887, går slik:<sup id="cite_ref-cattle_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cattle-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>Here's a health to the heifer,</dd> <dd>And to the white teat,</dd> <dd>Wishing the mistress a house full of meat,</dd> <dd>With cruds, milk and butter fresh every day,</dd> <dd>And God grant the young men keep out of her way.</dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Morris_dance_at_wassail_in_St_Werburghs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Morris_dance_at_wassail_in_St_Werburghs.jpg/220px-Morris_dance_at_wassail_in_St_Werburghs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Morris_dance_at_wassail_in_St_Werburghs.jpg/330px-Morris_dance_at_wassail_in_St_Werburghs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Morris_dance_at_wassail_in_St_Werburghs.jpg/440px-Morris_dance_at_wassail_in_St_Werburghs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morrisdans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morrisdans (sida finst ikkje)">Morrisdansarar</a> ved ein wassail i <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Wassailskikken har halde seg lengre levande i dei <a href="/wiki/Eple" title="Eple">epleproduserande</a> områda i Sørvest-England (hovudsakleg <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorset" title="Dorset">Dorset</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a> og <a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Herefordshire</a>) og Søraust-England (<a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a>). Her har ein ofra <a href="/wiki/Sider" title="Sider">sider</a> til trea med eit ønske om at dei skal gje mange store eple neste haust. Ofte vert også rista brød dyppa i sider lagt ved røtene eller hengt i greinene til trea. Vidare kan ein skremma vekk vonde makter gjennom å slå på trea med stokkar, laga mykje bråk og skyta opp i lufta med våpen. Song og dans rundt trea er også utbreidd. Hendinga kan ha ein eller to leiarar, ofte kalla <i>wassail king</i> og <i>wassail queen</i>. Wassailing av frukttre er skildra frå 1600-talet og fram til moderne tid. </p><p>Eit wassailvers nedskrive i 1791 går slik:<sup id="cite_ref-fruit_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fruit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>Here's to thee, old apple-tree,</dd> <dd>Whence thou may'st bud, and whence thou may'st blow!</dd> <dd>And whence thou may'st bear apples enow!</dd> <dd>Hats full! caps full! And my pockets full too! Huzza!</dd></dl> <p>Eit liknande wassail-vers for epletre, gjeve ut i 1970, er slik:<sup id="cite_ref-fruit_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fruit-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>Apples, hatfuls, capfuls,</dd> <dd>three bushel bagfuls,</dd> <dd>And a little heap under the stairs.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wassaildrikkar">Wassaildrikkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassail&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Endre bolk: Wassaildrikkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassail&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Wassaildrikkar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wassail_(4221293123).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wassail_%284221293123%29.jpg/220px-Wassail_%284221293123%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wassail_%284221293123%29.jpg/330px-Wassail_%284221293123%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wassail_%284221293123%29.jpg/440px-Wassail_%284221293123%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Wassail-drikk laga av <a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">ale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sherry" title="Sherry">sherry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingef%C3%A6r" title="Ingefær">ingefær</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanel" title="Kanel">kanel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muskat" title="Muskat">muskat</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sitron" title="Sitron">sitron</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Wassaildrikkar kan minna om <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%B8gg" title="Gløgg">gløgg</a> i og med at dei er drikkeblandingar som ofte blir serverte oppvarma. Tradisjonelt har ein brukt sider, øl eller vin til å laga drikken. Vidare kan ein tilsetja sukker, kanel, ingefær og muskat. I nyare tid kan ein også ha i <a href="/wiki/Konjakk" title="Konjakk">konjakk</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Sherry" title="Sherry">sherry</a>, eller bruka fruktjus til å laga wassaildrikken. Ein kan også ha i fruktbitar som eple eller appelsin, og frå gammal tid også brød- eller kakestykke. </p><p>Eit namn på ein type wassaildrikk er <i>lamb's wool</i> eller <i>lambswool</i>. Her har ein bakt eple oppi. </p><p>Drikka er tidvis skildra i wassailsongar, som i «Gloucestershire Wassail»: </p> <dl><dd>Wassail! wassail! all over the town,</dd> <dd>Our toast it is white and our ale it is brown;</dd> <dd>Our bowl it is made of the white maple tree;</dd> <dd>With the wassailing bowl, we'll drink to thee.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kjelder">Kjelder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassail&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Endre bolk: Kjelder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassail&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjelder"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Wales-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Wales_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Wales_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_T._Koch" class="citation">John T. Koch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&lpg=PA339&dq=a-wassailing&pg=PA339#v=onepage&q=a-wassailing&f=false">«Canu gwasael»</a>, <i>Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AWassail&rft.atitle=Canu+gwasael&rft.au=John+T.+Koch&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Celtic+culture%3A+a+historical+encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df899xH_quaMC%26lpg%3DPA339%26dq%3Da-wassailing%26pg%3DPA339%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Da-wassailing%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cattle-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cattle_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFIona_OpieMoira_Tatem1996" class="citation">Iona Opie; Moira Tatem, red. (1996), «WASSAILING cornfields and cattle», <i>A Dictionary of Superstitions</i> (Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AWassail&rft.atitle=WASSAILING+cornfields+and+cattle&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=A+Dictionary+of+Superstitions&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fruit-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fruit_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-fruit_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFIona_OpieMoira_Tatem1996" class="citation">Iona Opie; Moira Tatem, red. (1996), «WASSAILING fruit trees», <i>A Dictionary of Superstitions</i> (Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AWassail&rft.atitle=WASSAILING+fruit+trees&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=A+Dictionary+of+Superstitions&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sniff.numachi.com/~rickheit/dtrad/pages/tiWASGLOUC;ttWASGLOUC.html">Gloucestershire Wassail</a> ved Digital Tradition Mirror</span> </li> </ol> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFDouglas_D._Anderson" class="citation">Douglas D. Anderson, «Wassailing!», <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com/Hymns_and_Carols/Notes_On_Carols/wassailing.htm"><i>The Hymns and Carols of Christmas</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AWassail&rft.atitle=Wassailing%21&rft.au=Douglas+D.+Anderson&rft.btitle=The+Hymns+and+Carols+of+Christmas&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com%2FHymns_and_Carols%2FNotes_On_Carols%2Fwassailing.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Busby1825" class="citation">Thomas Busby (1825), «Wassail bowl and song», <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=d0NDAAAAcAAJ&lpg=PA147&ots=AZJ52Ru_z9&dq=%22the%20wassail%20song%22%20concert&pg=PA147#v=onepage&q=%22the%20wassail%20song%22%20concert&f=false"><i>Concert room and orchestra anecdotes of music and musicians</i></a> <b>3</b>, Clementi</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AWassail&rft.atitle=Wassail+bowl+and+song&rft.au=Thomas+Busby&rft.btitle=Concert+room+and+orchestra+anecdotes+of+music+and+musicians&rft.date=1825&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=Clementi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd0NDAAAAcAAJ%26lpg%3DPA147%26ots%3DAZJ52Ru_z9%26dq%3D%2522the%2520wassail%2520song%2522%2520concert%26pg%3DPA147%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522the%2520wassail%2520song%2522%2520concert%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFJulia_Cresswell" class="citation">Julia Cresswell, «wassail», <i>Oxford Dictionary of Word Origins</i>, Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AWassail&rft.atitle=wassail&rft.au=Julia+Cresswell&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+Word+Origins&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=Oxford+Reference+Online.+Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFJacqueline_Simpson_og_Steve_Roud2000" class="citation">Jacqueline Simpson og Steve Roud (2000), «wassail», <i>A Dictionary of English Folklore</i>, Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AWassail&rft.atitle=wassail&rft.au=Jacqueline+Simpson+og+Steve+Roud&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+English+Folklore&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=Oxford+Reference+Online.+Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_Knowles2006" class="citation">Elizabeth Knowles, red. (2006), «wassail», <i>A Dictionary of Phrase and Fable</i>, Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AWassail&rft.atitle=wassail&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Phrase+and+Fable&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=Oxford+Reference+Online.+Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFIona_OpieMoira_Tatem1996" class="citation">Iona Opie; Moira Tatem, red. (1996), «WASSAILING sea», <i>A Dictionary of Superstitions</i> (Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AWassail&rft.atitle=WASSAILING+sea&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=A+Dictionary+of+Superstitions&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFRona_Orme2007" class="citation">Rona Orme (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GYCIduGN5qcC&lpg=PA18&dq=%22a-wassailing%22&pg=PA19#v=onepage&q=%22a-wassailing%22&f=false"><i>Rural children, rural church: mission opportunities in the countryside</i></a>, Church House Publishing, s. 18</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AWassail&rft.au=Rona+Orme&rft.btitle=Rural+children%2C+rural+church%3A+mission+opportunities+in+the+countryside&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Church+House+Publishing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGYCIduGN5qcC%26lpg%3DPA18%26dq%3D%2522a-wassailing%2522%26pg%3DPA19%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522a-wassailing%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Doares2006" class="citation">Robert Doares (2006), «WASSAILING THROUGH HISTORY», <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.org/foundation/journal/holiday06/wassail.cfm"><i>Colonail Williamsburg</i></a>, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fnn.wikipedia.org%3AWassail&rft.atitle=WASSAILING+THROUGH+HISTORY&rft.au=Robert+Doares&rft.btitle=Colonail+Williamsburg&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=The+Colonial+Williamsburg+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.org%2Ffoundation%2Fjournal%2Fholiday06%2Fwassail.cfm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunnsstoff">Bakgrunnsstoff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassail&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Endre bolk: Bakgrunnsstoff" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassail&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunnsstoff"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interbox"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> har multimedium som gjeld: <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wassail" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Wassail">Wassail</a></b> </div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historicalfoods.com/lambswool-wassail-recipe">Lambswool Wassail Recipe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110624015701/http://historicalfoods.com/lambswool-wassail-recipe">Arkivert</a> 2011-06-24 ved <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. ved historicalfoods.com</li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:Wassails">Wassailsongar</a> ved Engelsk Wikisource</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3515230">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Heilagetrekongarsaftan" title="Heilagetrekongarsaftan">Heilagetrekongarsaftan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trettandagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Trettandagen">Trettandagen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eldbj%C3%B8rgdagen" title="Eldbjørgdagen">Eldbjørgdagen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tjuandedag_jul" title="Tjuandedag jul">Tjuandedag jul</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: gold; color: black;">Førestillingar frå kristen tru</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;color: green;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Betlehemsstjerna" title="Betlehemsstjerna">Betlehemsstjerna</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jesusbarnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesusbarnet">Jesusbarnet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Heilage_tre_kongar" title="Heilage tre kongar">Tre vise menn</a> · <a href="/wiki/Englar" class="mw-redirect" title="Englar">Englar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Den_heilage_Josef" title="Den heilage Josef">Josef</a> og <a href="/wiki/Jomfru_Maria" title="Jomfru Maria">Maria</a> · <a href="/wiki/Engelen_Gabriel" title="Engelen Gabriel">Engelen Gabriel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Herodes_den_store" title="Herodes den store">Herodes den store</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nikolas_av_Myra" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolas av Myra">Nikolas av Myra</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: gold; color: black;">Førestillingar frå folketru</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;color: green;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Julenissen" title="Julenissen">Julenissen</a>:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fj%C3%B8snissen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fjøsnissen (sida finst ikkje)">Fjøsnissen</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jultomten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jultomten (sida finst ikkje)">Jultomten</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Claus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Claus (sida finst ikkje)">Santa Claus</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A8re_No%C3%ABl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Père Noël (sida finst ikkje)">Père Noël</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sinterklaas" title="Sinterklaas">Sinterklaas</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fader_Frost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fader Frost (sida finst ikkje)">Fader Frost</a> · <a href="/wiki/Befana" title="Befana">Befana</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zwarte_Piet" title="Zwarte Piet">Zwarte Piet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Belsnickel" title="Belsnickel">Belsnickel</a> · <b>Andre:</b> <a href="/wiki/Julebukk" title="Julebukk">Julebukk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oskoreia" title="Oskoreia">Oskoreia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: gold; color: black;"><a href="/wiki/Julemat" title="Julemat">Julemat</a> og <a href="/wiki/Juledrikke" title="Juledrikke">drikke</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;color: green;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Akevitt" title="Akevitt">Akevitt</a> · <a href="/wiki/Graut" title="Graut">Graut</a> · <a href="/wiki/Julekaker" title="Julekaker">Julekaker</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lutefisk" title="Lutefisk">Lutefisk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pinnekj%C3%B8t" title="Pinnekjøt">Pinnekjøt</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ribbe" title="Ribbe">Ribbe</a> · <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B8tter" class="mw-redirect" title="Nøtter">Nøtter</a> · <a href="/wiki/Marsipan" title="Marsipan">Marsipan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jule%C3%B8l" title="Juleøl">Juleøl</a> · <a href="/wiki/Julebrus" title="Julebrus">Julebrus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%B8gg" title="Gløgg">Gløgg</a> · <a href="/wiki/Julmust" title="Julmust">Julmust</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: gold; color: black;"><a href="/wiki/Julepynt" title="Julepynt">Julepynt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;color: green;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Englespel" title="Englespel">Englespel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Glitter" title="Glitter">Glitter</a> · <a href="/wiki/Juledekorasjon" title="Juledekorasjon">Juledekorasjon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Julekrybbe" title="Julekrybbe">Julekrybbe</a> · <a href="/wiki/Julelenke" title="Julelenke">Julelenke</a> · <a href="/wiki/Julelys" title="Julelys">Julelys</a> · <a href="/wiki/Julepyramide" title="Julepyramide">Julepyramide</a> · <a href="/wiki/Juletrekorg" title="Juletrekorg">Juletrekorg</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kravlenisse" title="Kravlenisse">Kravlenisse</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: gold; color: black;"><a href="/wiki/Juleplantar" title="Juleplantar">Juleplantar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;color: green;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Julestjerne" title="Julestjerne">Julestjerne</a> · <a href="/wiki/Juleglede" title="Juleglede">Juleglede</a> · <a href="/wiki/Julekaktus" class="mw-redirect" title="Julekaktus">Julekaktus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Juletre" title="Juletre">Juletre</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kornband" title="Kornband">Kornband</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kristtorn" title="Kristtorn">Kristtorn</a> · <a href="/wiki/Misteltein" title="Misteltein">Misteltein</a> · <a href="/wiki/P%C5%8Dhutukawa" title="Pōhutukawa">Pōhutukawa</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: gold; color: black;">Kulturuttrykk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;color: green;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Litteratur</b>: <a href="/wiki/Juleevangeliet" title="Juleevangeliet">Juleevangeliet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Julehefte" title="Julehefte">Julehefte</a> · <a href="/wiki/Julefilm" title="Julefilm">Julefilm</a> · <b><a href="/wiki/Julemusikk" title="Julemusikk">Julemusikk</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Julesongar" title="Julesongar">Julesongar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Juleoratorium" title="Juleoratorium">Juleoratorium</a> · <a href="/wiki/Julef%C3%B8restilling" title="Juleførestilling">Juleførestilling</a> · <b>Julepost</b>: <a href="/wiki/Julekort" title="Julekort">Julekort</a> · <a href="/wiki/Julebrev" title="Julebrev">Julebrev</a> · <a href="/wiki/Julemerke" title="Julemerke">Julemerke</a> · <a href="/wiki/Julefrimerke" title="Julefrimerke">Julefrimerke</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: gold; color: black;">Anna</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;color: green;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Julebord" title="Julebord">Julebord</a> · <a href="/wiki/Julefred" title="Julefred">Julefred</a> · <a href="/wiki/Juletrefest" title="Juletrefest">Juletrefest</a> · <a href="/wiki/Juleg%C3%A5ve" class="mw-redirect" title="Julegåve">Julegåve</a> · <a href="/wiki/Julekubbe" title="Julekubbe">Julekubbe</a> · <a href="/wiki/Julemarknad" title="Julemarknad">Julemarknad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Juleoblat" title="Juleoblat">Juleoblat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Julestove" title="Julestove">Julestove</a> · <a href="/wiki/Julestr%C3%B8mpe" title="Julestrømpe">Julestrømpe</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kakelinne" title="Kakelinne">Kakelinne</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wassail</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Henta frå «<a dir="ltr" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wassail&oldid=3575887">https://nn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wassail&oldid=3575887</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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