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id="toc-The_Middle_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Middle_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>The Middle East</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Middle_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wrong-way_concurrencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wrong-way_concurrencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Wrong-way concurrencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wrong-way_concurrencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effect_on_exit_numbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effect_on_exit_numbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Effect on exit numbers</span> </div> </a> <ul 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(road)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Road bearing more than one route number</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greensboro_road_signs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Greensboro_road_signs.jpg/220px-Greensboro_road_signs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Greensboro_road_signs.jpg/330px-Greensboro_road_signs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Greensboro_road_signs.jpg/440px-Greensboro_road_signs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1168" data-file-height="838" /></a><figcaption>An extreme example: <a href="/wiki/Interstate_40_in_North_Carolina" title="Interstate 40 in North Carolina">I-40</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_85_Business_(North_Carolina)" title="Interstate 85 Business (North Carolina)">I-85 Business</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_29_in_North_Carolina" title="U.S. Route 29 in North Carolina">US 29</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_70_in_North_Carolina" title="U.S. Route 70 in North Carolina">US 70</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_220_in_North_Carolina" title="U.S. Route 220 in North Carolina">US 220</a>, and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_421_in_North_Carolina" title="U.S. Route 421 in North Carolina">US 421</a> formerly ran concurrently in <a href="/wiki/Greensboro,_North_Carolina" title="Greensboro, North Carolina">Greensboro, North Carolina</a>. In 2008, I-40 was rerouted off this road, but was put back on it later that same year with US 220 being rerouted instead. US 421 was also rerouted in 2009. I-85 Business was truncated in 2018, and then eventually decommissioned between 2019-2023.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>concurrency</b> in a road network is an instance of one physical roadway bearing two or more different <a href="/wiki/Route_number" title="Route number">route numbers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When two roadways share the same <a href="/wiki/Right-of-way_(transportation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-of-way (transportation)">right-of-way</a>, it is sometimes called a <b>common section</b> or <b>commons</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other terminology for a concurrency includes <b>overlap</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>coincidence</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>duplex</b> (two concurrent routes), <b>triplex</b> (three concurrent routes), <b>multiplex</b> (any number of concurrent routes),<sup id="cite_ref-m-plex_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m-plex-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>dual routing</b> or <b>triple routing</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-1982memo_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1982memo-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1983memo_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1983memo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Concurrent numbering can become very common in jurisdictions that allow it. Where multiple routes must pass between a single mountain crossing or over a bridge, or through a major city, it is often economically and practically advantageous for them all to be accommodated on a single physical roadway. In some jurisdictions, however, concurrent numbering is avoided by posting only one route number on highway signs; other route numbers disappear at the start of the concurrency and reappear when it ends. However, any route that becomes unsigned in the middle of the concurrency will still be signed on most maps and road atlases. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most concurrencies are simply a combination of at least two route numbers on the same physical roadway. This is often practically advantageous as well as economically advantageous; it may be better for two route numbers to be combined into one along rivers or through mountain valleys. Some countries allow for concurrencies to occur, however, others specifically do not allow it to happen. In those nations which do permit concurrencies, it can become very common. In these countries, there are a variety of concurrences which can occur. </p><p>An example of this is the concurrency of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_70_in_Pennsylvania" title="Interstate 70 in Pennsylvania">Interstate 70</a> (I-70) and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_76_(Ohio%E2%80%93New_Jersey)#Pennsylvania" title="Interstate 76 (Ohio–New Jersey)">I-76</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Turnpike" title="Pennsylvania Turnpike">Pennsylvania Turnpike</a> in western <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. I-70 merges with the Pennsylvania Turnpike so the route number can ultimately continue east into Maryland; instead of having a second physical highway built to carry the route, it is combined with the Pennsylvania Turnpike and the I-76 designation.<sup id="cite_ref-PennDOT10_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PennDOT10-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The longest Interstate Highway concurrency is <a href="/wiki/Interstate_80" title="Interstate 80">I-80</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_90" title="Interstate 90">I-90</a> for 278 miles (447 km) across Indiana and <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are at least two examples of eight-way concurrencies. The first example is in Indianapolis, between exits 46 and 47 of the 53-mile (85 km) I-465 <a href="/wiki/Beltway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beltway">beltway</a>, where the highway is concurrent with <a href="/wiki/Interstate_69_in_Indiana" title="Interstate 69 in Indiana">I-69</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_31_in_Indiana" title="U.S. Route 31 in Indiana">U.S. Highway 31</a> (US 31), <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_36_in_Indiana" title="U.S. Route 36 in Indiana">US 36</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_40_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 40 in Indiana">US 40</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_52_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 52 in Indiana">US 52</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_421_in_Indiana" title="U.S. Route 421 in Indiana">US 421</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indiana_State_Road_67" title="Indiana State Road 67">State Road 67</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-INDOTmap_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INDOTmap-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second example is in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Athens_(Georgia)" title="Downtown Athens (Georgia)">downtown Athens, Georgia</a>, between exits 4 and 8 of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_10_Loop_(Athens)" title="Georgia State Route 10 Loop (Athens)">SR 10 Loop</a>, where the highway is concurrent with <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_29_in_Georgia" title="U.S. Route 29 in Georgia">US 29</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_78_in_Georgia" title="U.S. Route 78 in Georgia">US 78</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_129_in_Georgia" title="U.S. Route 129 in Georgia">US 129</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_441_in_Georgia" title="U.S. Route 441 in Georgia">US 441</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_8" title="Georgia State Route 8">SR 8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Route_15" title="Georgia State Route 15">SR 15</a>, and SR 422.<sup id="cite_ref-GDOTAthensmap_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDOTAthensmap-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_examples">Regional examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Regional examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:QEW_and_Hwy_403_Concurrency.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/QEW_and_Hwy_403_Concurrency.jpg/220px-QEW_and_Hwy_403_Concurrency.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/QEW_and_Hwy_403_Concurrency.jpg/330px-QEW_and_Hwy_403_Concurrency.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/QEW_and_Hwy_403_Concurrency.jpg/440px-QEW_and_Hwy_403_Concurrency.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Way" title="Queen Elizabeth Way">Queen Elizabeth Way</a> concurrent with Highway 403 in Ontario</figcaption></figure> <p>In the United States, concurrencies are simply marked by placing signs for both routes on the same or adjacent posts. The federal <i><a href="/wiki/Manual_on_Uniform_Traffic_Control_Devices" title="Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices">Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices</a></i> prescribes that when mounting these adjacent signs together that the numbers will be arranged vertically or horizontally in order of precedence. The order to be used is <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate Highway">Interstate Highways</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Highway">U.S. Highways</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_highway" title="State highway">state highways</a>, and finally <a href="/wiki/County_road" class="mw-redirect" title="County road">county roads</a>, and within each class by increasing numerical value.<sup id="cite_ref-MUTCD2D_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MUTCD2D-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several states do not officially have any concurrencies, instead officially ending routes on each side of one.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are several circumstances where unusual concurrencies exist along state borders. One example occurs along the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>–<a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> state line. At the northern end of this border <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Highway_20" title="Oklahoma State Highway 20">Oklahoma State Highway 20</a> runs concurrently with <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Highway_43" title="Arkansas Highway 43">Arkansas Highway 43</a> and the two highways run north–south along the boundary.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ON_400_TCH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/ON_400_TCH.jpg/220px-ON_400_TCH.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/ON_400_TCH.jpg/330px-ON_400_TCH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/ON_400_TCH.jpg/440px-ON_400_TCH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1127" data-file-height="701" /></a><figcaption>A section of <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_400" title="Ontario Highway 400">Ontario Highway 400</a> runs concurrent with a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Canada_Highway" title="Trans-Canada Highway">Trans-Canada Highway</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Concurrencies are also found in Canada. <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Highway_5" title="British Columbia Highway 5">British Columbia Highway 5</a> continues east for 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) concurrently with <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Highway_1" title="British Columbia Highway 1">Highway 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Highway_97" title="British Columbia Highway 97">Highway 97</a>, through <a href="/wiki/Kamloops" title="Kamloops">Kamloops</a>. This stretch of road, which carries Highway 97 south and Highway 5 north on the same roadway (and vice versa), is the only wrong-way concurrency in British Columbia. Concurrencies are also very common in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>. Most notably, the <a href="/wiki/Samuel-de-Champlain_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel-de-Champlain Bridge">Samuel-de-Champlain Bridge</a> features a concurrency with three Autoroutes: <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_10" title="Quebec Autoroute 10">A-10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_15" title="Quebec Autoroute 15">A-15</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_20" title="Quebec Autoroute 20">A-20</a>. Another example is <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_55" title="Quebec Autoroute 55">A-55</a>, which runs concurrently with A-10, A-20, and <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_40" title="Quebec Autoroute 40">A-40</a>, all of which are major highways. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Way" title="Queen Elizabeth Way">Queen Elizabeth Way</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_403" title="Ontario Highway 403">Highway 403</a> run concurrently between <a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Ontario" title="Burlington, Ontario">Burlington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oakville,_Ontario" title="Oakville, Ontario">Oakville</a>, forming the province's only concurrency between two <a href="/wiki/400-series_highways_(Ontario)" class="mw-redirect" title="400-series highways (Ontario)">400-series highways</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MTO10_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MTO10-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concurrency was not in the original plan which intended for both the QEW and Highway 403 to run parallel to each other, as the Hamilton–Brantford and Mississauga sections of Highway 403 were initially planned to be linked up along a corridor (later planned to be <a href="/wiki/Toll_highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Toll highway">tolled</a>) now occupied by <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_407" title="Ontario Highway 407">Highway 407</a>. To avoid forcing drivers to pay tolls to use a section of a continuous Highway 403, the new link was designated as a western extension of the tolled Highway 407, with the Mississauga section of Highway 403 planned to be renumbered as Highway 410. The renumbering to 410 never came to pass,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and consequently Highway 403 was signed concurrently along the Queen Elizabeth Way in 2002, remedying the discontinuity. Nonetheless, many surface street signs referring to that section of freeway with the QEW/Highway 403 concurrency still only use the highway's original designation of QEW, although the MTO has updated route markers on the QEW to reflect the concurrency.<sup id="cite_ref-concurrency_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-concurrency-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the national level, the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Canada_Highway" title="Trans-Canada Highway">Trans-Canada Highway</a>, which does not bear a uniform number in the eastern provinces, follows various provincial highways. In the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Provinces">Atlantic Provinces</a> the main designated TCH route either follows a single numbered route across each province (an exception being the switching of the designation between <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Highway_104" title="Nova Scotia Highway 104">Nova Scotia Highways 104</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Highway_105" title="Nova Scotia Highway 105">105</a>), or has branches that are signed exclusively as TCH routes. In Ontario and Quebec, The TCH follows a series of provincial highways, and also has branches that follow sections of others that have concurrencies with it, signed with TCH shields alongside the provincial number. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Labsk%C3%BD_most,_zna%C4%8Dky_silnic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Labsk%C3%BD_most%2C_zna%C4%8Dky_silnic.jpg/170px-Labsk%C3%BD_most%2C_zna%C4%8Dky_silnic.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Labsk%C3%BD_most%2C_zna%C4%8Dky_silnic.jpg/255px-Labsk%C3%BD_most%2C_zna%C4%8Dky_silnic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Labsk%C3%BD_most%2C_zna%C4%8Dky_silnic.jpg/340px-Labsk%C3%BD_most%2C_zna%C4%8Dky_silnic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Concurrency of the city beltway, a European road, and three first-class roads in <a href="/wiki/Hradec_Kr%C3%A1lov%C3%A9" title="Hradec Králové">Hradec Králové</a>, Czech Republic</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P%C3%ADsek,_F%C3%BCgnerovo_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD_a_n%C3%A1b%C5%99e%C5%BE%C3%AD_1._m%C3%A1je,_zna%C4%8Dka_cyklotras.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/P%C3%ADsek%2C_F%C3%BCgnerovo_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD_a_n%C3%A1b%C5%99e%C5%BE%C3%AD_1._m%C3%A1je%2C_zna%C4%8Dka_cyklotras.jpg/220px-P%C3%ADsek%2C_F%C3%BCgnerovo_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD_a_n%C3%A1b%C5%99e%C5%BE%C3%AD_1._m%C3%A1je%2C_zna%C4%8Dka_cyklotras.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/P%C3%ADsek%2C_F%C3%BCgnerovo_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD_a_n%C3%A1b%C5%99e%C5%BE%C3%AD_1._m%C3%A1je%2C_zna%C4%8Dka_cyklotras.jpg/330px-P%C3%ADsek%2C_F%C3%BCgnerovo_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD_a_n%C3%A1b%C5%99e%C5%BE%C3%AD_1._m%C3%A1je%2C_zna%C4%8Dka_cyklotras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/P%C3%ADsek%2C_F%C3%BCgnerovo_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD_a_n%C3%A1b%C5%99e%C5%BE%C3%AD_1._m%C3%A1je%2C_zna%C4%8Dka_cyklotras.jpg/440px-P%C3%ADsek%2C_F%C3%BCgnerovo_n%C3%A1m%C4%9Bst%C3%AD_a_n%C3%A1b%C5%99e%C5%BE%C3%AD_1._m%C3%A1je%2C_zna%C4%8Dka_cyklotras.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Concurrency of several cycling routes in <a href="/wiki/P%C3%ADsek" title="Písek">Písek</a>, Czech Republic</figcaption></figure> <p>In the United Kingdom, routes do not run concurrently with others. Where this would normally occur, the roadway takes the number of only one of the routes (usually, but not always, the most important route), while the other routes are considered to have a gap and are signed in brackets (the equivalent of "to" signs in North America). An example is the meeting of the <a href="/wiki/M60_motorway_(Great_Britain)" title="M60 motorway (Great Britain)">M60</a> and the <a href="/wiki/M62_motorway_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="M62 motorway (Great Britain)">M62</a> northwest of <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>: the motorways coincide for the seven miles (11 km) between junctions 12 and 18 but the motorway between those points is only designated as the M60 (although in this case the same junction numbers would also apply to the M62). <a href="/wiki/International_E-road_network" title="International E-road network">European route</a> numbers as designated by <a href="/wiki/UNECE" class="mw-redirect" title="UNECE">UNECE</a> may have concurrencies (for instance <a href="/wiki/European_route_E15" title="European route E15">E15</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_route_E30" title="European route E30">E30</a> around <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a>), but since the E-route numbers are unsigned and unused in the UK, the existence of these concurrencies is purely theoretical. </p><p>In Sweden and Denmark, the most important highways use only the European route numbers that have cardinal directions. In Sweden the <a href="/wiki/European_route_E6" title="European route E6">European route E6</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_route_E20" title="European route E20">E20</a> run concurrently for 280 kilometres (170 mi). In Denmark the <a href="/wiki/European_route_E47" title="European route E47">E47</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_route_E55" title="European route E55">E55</a> run concurrently for 157 kilometres (98 mi). There are more shorter concurrencies. There are two stretches in Sweden and Denmark where three European routes run concurrently; these are E6, E20 and <a href="/wiki/European_route_E22" title="European route E22">E22</a> in Sweden, and E20, E47, and E55 in Denmark. Along all these concurrencies, all route numbers are posted with signs.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Czech Republic, the European route numbers are only additional, and they are always concurrent with the state route numbering, usually highways or first-class roads. In the state numbering system, concurrences exist only in first-class and second-class roads; third class roads do not have them. The local term for such concurrences is <span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">peáž</i></span> (from the French word <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">péage</i></span>). In the road register, one of the roads is considered the main ("source") road and the others as the <i>péaging</i> (guest) roads. The official road map enables a maximum of five concurrent routes of the intrastate numbering system.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cycling routes and hiking routes are often concurrent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Middle_East">The Middle East</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Middle East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Israel, two <a href="/wiki/Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeway">freeways</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Highway_6_(Israel)" title="Highway 6 (Israel)">Trans-Israel Highway</a> (Highway 6), and <a href="/wiki/Highway_1_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Highway 1 (Israel)">Highway 1</a> run concurrently just east of <a href="/wiki/Ben_Shemen_Interchange" title="Ben Shemen Interchange">Ben Shemen Interchange</a>. The concurrency is officially designated "<a href="/wiki/Daniel_Interchange" title="Daniel Interchange">Daniel Interchange</a>", providing half of the possible interchange directions. It is a one-mile (1.6 km) segment consisting of eight lanes providing high-speed access between the two highways. Access from Highway 1 west to Highway 6 south and Highway 6 north to Highway 1 east is provided via <a href="/wiki/Route_431_(Israel)" title="Route 431 (Israel)">Route 431</a>, while access between Highway 1 east to Highway 6 north and Highway 6 south to Highway 1 west are provided at Ben Shemen Interchange. The other movements are provided through the concurrency.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Wrong-way_concurrency"></span><span class="anchor" id="Wrong_way_concurrency"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wrong-way_concurrencies">Wrong-way concurrencies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Wrong-way concurrencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NB77SB81.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/NB77SB81.JPG/220px-NB77SB81.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/NB77SB81.JPG/330px-NB77SB81.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/NB77SB81.JPG/440px-NB77SB81.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>This westbound highway in southwestern Virginia simultaneously carries I-77 and I-81 in opposite directions. The wrong-way concurrency is also reflected in US 52 and US 11, which are concurrent with I-77 and I-81, respectively.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OKC_wrongway.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/OKC_wrongway.svg/170px-OKC_wrongway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/OKC_wrongway.svg/255px-OKC_wrongway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/OKC_wrongway.svg/340px-OKC_wrongway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="740" /></a><figcaption>An example of a wrong-way concurrency in <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City,_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma City, Oklahoma">Oklahoma City</a>, Oklahoma; the wrong-way concurrency is highlighted in red.</figcaption></figure> <p>Since highways in the United States and Canada are usually signed with assigned <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_direction" title="Cardinal direction">cardinal directions</a> based on their primary orientation, it is possible for a stretch of roadway shared between two highways to be signed with conflicting, even opposite, cardinal directions in a <b>wrong-way concurrency</b>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> For example, near <a href="/wiki/Wytheville,_Virginia" title="Wytheville, Virginia">Wytheville, Virginia</a>, there is a concurrency between <a href="/wiki/Interstate_77_in_Virginia" title="Interstate 77 in Virginia">Interstate 77</a> (which runs primarily north–south, as it is signed) and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_81_in_Virginia" title="Interstate 81 in Virginia">Interstate 81</a> (which runs primarily northeast–southwest, but is also signed north–south). A vehicle might simultaneously be on I-77 northbound and I-81 southbound, while actually traveling due westbound.<sup id="cite_ref-VDOT12_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VDOT12-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An unusual example of a three-directional concurrency occurs southeast of <a href="/wiki/Rhinelander,_Wisconsin" title="Rhinelander, Wisconsin">Rhinelander, Wisconsin</a>, where <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_8" title="U.S. Route 8">US 8</a> westbound (the actual compass direction) converges with southbound <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Highway_17" title="Wisconsin Highway 17">Wisconsin Highway 17</a> and northbound <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Highway_47" title="Wisconsin Highway 47">Wisconsin Highway 47</a>, and vice-versa.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effect_on_exit_numbers">Effect on exit numbers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Effect on exit numbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Often when two routes with <a href="/wiki/Exit_number" title="Exit number">exit numbers</a> overlap, one of the routes has its exit numbers dominate over the other and can sometimes result in having two exits of the same number, albeit far from each other along the same highway. An example of this is from the concurrency of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_94_in_Michigan" title="Interstate 94 in Michigan">I-94</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_127_in_Michigan" title="U.S. Route 127 in Michigan">US 127</a> near <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Michigan" title="Jackson, Michigan">Jackson</a>, Michigan. The concurrent section of freeway has an exit with <a href="/wiki/M-106_(Michigan_highway)" title="M-106 (Michigan highway)">M-106</a>, which is numbered exit 139 using I-94's mileage-based numbers. US 127 also has another exit 139 with the southern end of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_127_Business_(Mt._Pleasant,_Michigan)" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 127 Business (Mt. Pleasant, Michigan)">US 127 business loop</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_Michigan" title="Mount Pleasant, Michigan">Mount Pleasant</a>, Michigan. (US 127's <a href="/wiki/Mile_marker" class="mw-redirect" title="Mile marker">mile markers</a> in Michigan reflect the cumulative distance north of the Ohio state line; the numbers resume north of the I-94 overlap and reflect the distance accumulated on that concurrency.)<sup id="cite_ref-MDOT13_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MDOT13-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, there are also instances where the dominant exit number range is far more than the secondary route's highest exit number, for example the <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Connector" title="Downtown Connector">concurrency of I-75 and I-85</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a>—where I-75 is dominant—the exit numbers range from 242 to 251, while I-85's highest independent <a href="/wiki/Mile_marker" class="mw-redirect" title="Mile marker">mile marker</a> in <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> is 179.<sup id="cite_ref-GDOT11-12_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDOT11-12-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consolidation_plans">Consolidation plans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Consolidation plans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NJ_guide_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/NJ_guide_sign.jpg/170px-NJ_guide_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/NJ_guide_sign.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="241" data-file-height="312" /></a><figcaption>US 1/9 concurrency signed on one shield</figcaption></figure> <p>Some brief concurrencies in the past have been eliminated by reassigning the designations along the roadways. This can involve scaling back the terminus of one designation to the end of a concurrent section. At the same time, there could be an extension of another highway designation that is used to replace the newly shortened designation with another one. </p><p>Between states, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_27_in_Michigan" title="U.S. Route 27 in Michigan">US 27</a> in Michigan previously ran concurrently with <a href="/wiki/Interstate_69_in_Michigan" title="Interstate 69 in Michigan">I-69</a> from the Michigan–Indiana state line to the <a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing, Michigan</a>, area. From there it turned northwards to its terminus at <a href="/wiki/Grayling,_Michigan" title="Grayling, Michigan">Grayling</a>. In 1999, the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Department_of_Transportation" title="Michigan Department of Transportation">Michigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Department_of_Transportation" title="Indiana Department of Transportation">Indiana</a> departments of transportation petitioned the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_State_Highway_and_Transportation_Officials" title="American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials">American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials</a> for permission to truncate US 27 at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, Indiana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SCRN99_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCRN99-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, Michigan removed the US 27 designation from I-69 and extended the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_127" title="U.S. Route 127">US 127</a> designation from Lansing to Grayling.<sup id="cite_ref-ranzenberger_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ranzenberger-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MDOT's stated reason for the modification was to "reduce confusion along the US 27/US 127 corridor".<sup id="cite_ref-27pr_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27pr-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After US 27's signage was removed, the highway north of the Lansing area was renumbered US 127, and the US 27 designation was removed from I-69.<sup id="cite_ref-27pr_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27pr-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some consolidation schemes involve the use of incorporating two single-digit numbers onto one marker, as along the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_1/9" title="U.S. Route 1/9">US 1/9</a> concurrency in northern <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid-20th century, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> had numerous concurrencies, but the <a href="/wiki/California_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="California Legislature">California Legislature</a> removed most of them in a <a href="/wiki/1964_state_highway_renumbering_(California)" title="1964 state highway renumbering (California)">comprehensive reform of highway numbering in 1964</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-renumbering_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-renumbering-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/UK_motorway_symbol.svg/28px-UK_motorway_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/UK_motorway_symbol.svg/42px-UK_motorway_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/UK_motorway_symbol.svg/56px-UK_motorway_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="561" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Roads" title="Portal:Roads">Roads portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blank_shield.svg/29px-Blank_shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blank_shield.svg/43px-Blank_shield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blank_shield.svg/58px-Blank_shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1485" data-file-height="1440" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:U.S._Roads" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:U.S. Roads">U.S. Roads portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arkansas's highways exist in many officially designated "sections" rather than form concurrencies. <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Highway_131" title="Arkansas Highway 131">Arkansas Highway 131</a> exists in five sections as an example.<sup id="cite_ref-db_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-db-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEsri2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Esri" title="Esri">Esri</a> (March 4, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://resources.arcgis.com/en/help/main/10.2/index.html#//022300000023000000">"Realigning Concurrent Routes"</a>. <i>ArcGIS Help 10.2 & 10.2.1</i>. Esri<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ArcGIS+Help+10.2+%26+10.2.1&rft.atitle=Realigning+Concurrent+Routes&rft.date=2014-03-04&rft.au=Esri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresources.arcgis.com%2Fen%2Fhelp%2Fmain%2F10.2%2Findex.html%23%2F%2F022300000023000000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Freeway Flaws: Fixing Them May Take Decades". <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Tribune">Star Tribune</a></i>. Minneapolis. June 3, 2005. <q>common sections ... 2 freeways share a single right-of-way</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Star+Tribune&rft.atitle=Freeway+Flaws%3A+Fixing+Them+May+Take+Decades&rft.date=2005-06-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsri2012" class="citation web cs1">Esri (December 19, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help/index.html#//022300000023000000">"Realigning Overlapping Routes"</a>. <i>ArcGIS Resource Center</i>. Esri<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ArcGIS+Resource+Center&rft.atitle=Realigning+Overlapping+Routes&rft.date=2012-12-19&rft.au=Esri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhelp.arcgis.com%2Fen%2Farcgisdesktop%2F10.0%2Fhelp%2Findex.html%23%2F%2F022300000023000000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_Highway_System_Engineering1995" class="citation web cs1">Office of Highway System Engineering (August 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070316231706/http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/tsip/HSEB/products/state_highway_routes_selected_information_1995_revised.pdf">"State Highway Routes Selected Information, 1994 with 1995 Revisions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/California_Department_of_Transportation" title="California Department of Transportation">California Department of Transportation</a>. Route 3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/tsip/HSEB/products/state_highway_routes_selected_information_1995_revised.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 16, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2012</span>. <q>Coincident with Rte 299</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+Highway+Routes+Selected+Information%2C+1994+with+1995+Revisions&rft.pages=Route+3&rft.pub=California+Department+of+Transportation&rft.date=1995-08&rft.au=Office+of+Highway+System+Engineering&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dot.ca.gov%2Fhq%2Ftsip%2FHSEB%2Fproducts%2Fstate_highway_routes_selected_information_1995_revised.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m-plex-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-m-plex_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReichard" class="citation web cs1">Reichard, Timothy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.m-plex.com/roads/mpguide.html">"Guide to Highway Multiplexes"</a>. <i>Central PA/MD Roads</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Route+Log+and+Finder+List&rft.atitle=Table+1%3A+Main+Routes+of+the+Dwight+D.+Eisenhower+National+System+of+Interstate+and+Defense+Highways+as+of+December+31%2C+2013&rft.date=2013-12-31&rft.au=Federal+Highway+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fhwa.dot.gov%2Fplanning%2Fnational_highway_system%2Finterstate_highway_system%2Froutefinder%2Ftable01.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-INDOTmap-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-INDOTmap_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndiana_Department_of_Transportation2007" class="citation map cs1"><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Department_of_Transportation" title="Indiana Department of Transportation">Indiana Department of Transportation</a> (2007). <i>Indiana Transportation Map</i> (Map) (2007–08 ed.). Scale not given. Indianapolis: Indiana Department of Transportation. Indianapolis inset.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indiana+Transportation+Map&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.edition=2007%E2%80%9308&rft.pub=Indiana+Department+of+Transportation&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Indiana+Department+of+Transportation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GDOTAthensmap-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GDOTAthensmap_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorgia_Department_of_Transportation2021" class="citation map cs1"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Department_of_Transportation" title="Georgia Department of Transportation">Georgia Department of Transportation</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dot.ga.gov/DriveSmart/MapsData/Documents/CityMaps/Athens_ClarkeCounty.pdf"><i>General Highway Map, Clarke County, Georgia</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Map). 1:31,680.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Highway+Map%2C+Clarke+County%2C+Georgia&rft.date=2021&rft.au=Georgia+Department+of+Transportation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dot.ga.gov%2FDriveSmart%2FMapsData%2FDocuments%2FCityMaps%2FAthens_ClarkeCounty.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MUTCD2D-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MUTCD2D_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Highway_Administration2009" class="citation book cs1">Federal Highway Administration (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/pdfs/2009r1r2/mutcd2009r2chpt2d.pdf">"Chapter 2D. Guide Signs: Conventional Roads, §2D.29: Route Sign Assemblies"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Manual_on_Uniform_Traffic_Control_Devices" title="Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices"><i>Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices</i></a> (Revisions 1&2, 2009 ed.). Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. p. 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781615835171" title="Special:BookSources/9781615835171"><bdi>9781615835171</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2D.+Guide+Signs%3A+Conventional+Roads%2C+%C2%A72D.29%3A+Route+Sign+Assemblies&rft.btitle=Manual+on+Uniform+Traffic+Control+Devices&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=148&rft.edition=Revisions+1%262%2C+2009&rft.pub=Federal+Highway+Administration&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781615835171&rft.au=Federal+Highway+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmutcd.fhwa.dot.gov%2Fpdfs%2F2009r1r2%2Fmutcd2009r2chpt2d.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-db-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-db_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlanning_and_Research_Division2010" class="citation book cs1">Planning and Research Division (April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707161957/http://www.arkansashighways.com/planning_research/technical_services/databases/Arkansas_Roadlog_2009.zip"><i>State Highways 2009</i></a> (Database). <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_State_Highway_and_Transportation_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department">Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arkansashighways.com/planning_research/technical_services/databases/Arkansas_Roadlog_2009.zip">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(ZIP)</span> on July 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+Highways+2009&rft.pub=Arkansas+State+Highway+and+Transportation+Department&rft.date=2010-04&rft.au=Planning+and+Research+Division&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arkansashighways.com%2Fplanning_research%2Ftechnical_services%2Fdatabases%2FArkansas_Roadlog_2009.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArkansas_State_Highway_and_Transportation_Department_Planning_and_Research_Division2010" class="citation map cs1">Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department Planning and Research Division (2010). <i>State Highway Map</i> (Map). 1:950,400. 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Toronto: Ministry of Transportation of Ontario. § R25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Road+Map+%2F+Carte+Routi%C3%A8re&rft.place=Toronto&rft.edition=2010%E2%80%9311&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Transportation+of+Ontario&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Ministry+of+Transportation+of+Ontario+Geomatics+Office&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell1995" class="citation news cs1">Mitchell, Bob (April 6, 1995). "Rae Announces 407 Extension". <i>Toronto Star</i>. p. BR03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Rae+Announces+407+Extension&rft.pages=BR03&rft.date=1995-04-06&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-concurrency-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-concurrency_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426090046/http://www.ogra.org/lib/db2file.asp?fileid=1780">"Signs of the Times"</a>. <i>Milestones</i>. <b>2</b> (1). Ontario Good Roads Association: 26, 31. February 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ogra.org/lib/db2file.asp?fileid=1780">the original</a> on April 26, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Milestones&rft.atitle=Signs+of+the+Times&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=26%2C+31&rft.date=2002-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ogra.org%2Flib%2Fdb2file.asp%3Ffileid%3D1780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Check Google Streetview at <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Concurrency_(road)&params=55.5500993_N_13.0517037_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°33′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°03′06″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.5500993°N 13.0517037°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.5500993; 13.0517037</span></span></span></a></span></span>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Concurrency_(road)&params=55.5800398_N_12.2615534_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°34′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°15′42″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.5800398°N 12.2615534°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.5800398; 12.2615534</span></span></span></a></span></span> and neighboring locations<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (January 2015)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518095649/http://www.rsd.cz/doprava/atrhlp/hs5130.htm">"Číslo peažující silnice], explanatory notes to the road map, Ředitelství silnic a dálnic"</a> (in Czech). Directorate of Roads and Highways. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsd.cz/doprava/atrhlp/hs5130.htm">the original</a> on 2015-05-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-05-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C4%8C%C3%ADslo+pea%C5%BEuj%C3%ADc%C3%AD+silnice%5D%2C+explanatory+notes+to+the+road+map%2C+%C5%98editelstv%C3%AD+silnic+a+d%C3%A1lnic&rft.pub=Directorate+of+Roads+and+Highways&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsd.cz%2Fdoprava%2Fatrhlp%2Fhs5130.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (March 2018)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFעורכת_אחראית_אלנה_בלינקיElena_Belinki2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">עורכת אחראית אלנה בלינקי; Elena Belinki (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714114647/http://www.books.mapa.co.il/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=172:2011-08-24-09-41-24&catid=11:maps&Itemid=12"><i>2014 אטלס הזהב</i></a> [<i>Atlas HaZahav 2014</i>] (in Hebrew) (9th ed.). מפה הוצאה לאור [Mapa Publishing]. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-965-521-136-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-965-521-136-8"><bdi>978-965-521-136-8</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.books.mapa.co.il/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=172:2011-08-24-09-41-24&catid=11:maps&Itemid=12">the original</a> on 2014-07-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2014+%D7%90%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A1+%D7%94%D7%96%D7%94%D7%91&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%94+%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%90%D7%94+%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8+%5BMapa+Publishing%5D&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-965-521-136-8&rft.au=%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA+%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA+%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%94+%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%99&rft.au=Elena+Belinki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.books.mapa.co.il%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D172%3A2011-08-24-09-41-24%26catid%3D11%3Amaps%26Itemid%3D12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VDOT12-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VDOT12_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVirginia_Department_of_Transportation2012" class="citation map cs1"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Department_of_Transportation" title="Virginia Department of Transportation">Virginia Department of Transportation</a> (2012). <i>Official State Transportation Map</i> (Map) (2012–14 ed.). c. 1:832,680. Richmond: Virginia Department of Transportation. §§ F6–G6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+State+Transportation+Map&rft.place=Richmond&rft.edition=2012%E2%80%9314&rft.pub=Virginia+Department+of+Transportation&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Virginia+Department+of+Transportation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/@45.6153101,-89.3845716,3a,75y,334.34h,84.42t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1s4kXJuYG9ftuVUGsS6r5DNQ!2e0!7i16384!8i8192?entry=ttu">"4910 WI-17, Rhinelander, Wisconsin"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Google_Street_View" title="Google Street View">Google Street View</a></i>. November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Street+View&rft.atitle=4910+WI-17%2C+Rhinelander%2C+Wisconsin&rft.date=2022-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fmaps%2F%4045.6153101%2C-89.3845716%2C3a%2C75y%2C334.34h%2C84.42t%2Fdata%3D%213m6%211e1%213m4%211s4kXJuYG9ftuVUGsS6r5DNQ%212e0%217i16384%218i8192%3Fentry%3Dttu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="error"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MDOT13-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MDOT13_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichigan_Department_of_Transportation2013" class="citation map cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Department_of_Transportation" title="Michigan Department of Transportation">Michigan Department of Transportation</a> (2013). <i>Pure Michigan: State Transportation Map</i> (Map). c. 1:975,000. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. §§ J10, M11. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42778335">42778335</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/861227559">861227559</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pure+Michigan%3A+State+Transportation+Map&rft.place=Lansing&rft.pub=Michigan+Department+of+Transportation&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Michigan+Department+of+Transportation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GDOT11-12-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GDOT11-12_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorgia_Department_of_Transportation2011" class="citation map cs1"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Department_of_Transportation" title="Georgia Department of Transportation">Georgia Department of Transportation</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dot.ga.gov/DriveSmart/MapsData/Documents/HwyAndTransportationMaps/2011_2012_front.pdf"><i>Official Highway and Transportation Map</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Map) (2011–2012 ed.). Scale not given. Atlanta: Georgia Department of Transportation. Main map, §§ B1, I2; Atlanta inset, § E5. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/770217845">770217845</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Highway+and+Transportation+Map&rft.place=Atlanta&rft.pages=Main+map%2C+%C2%A7%C2%A7+B1%2C+I2%3B+Atlanta+inset%2C+%C2%A7+E5&rft.edition=2011%E2%80%932012&rft.pub=Georgia+Department+of+Transportation&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F770217845&rft.au=Georgia+Department+of+Transportation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dot.ga.gov%2FDriveSmart%2FMapsData%2FDocuments%2FHwyAndTransportationMaps%2F2011_2012_front.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SCRN99-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SCRN99_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpecial_Committee_on_U.S._Route_Numbering1999" class="citation web cs1">Special Committee on U.S. Route Numbering (April 17, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171016215556/http://sp.route.transportation.org/Documents/1999-USRN_Cmte.pdf">"Report of the Special Committee on U.S. Route Numbering to the Standing Committee on Highways"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Washington, DC: <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_State_Highway_and_Transportation_Officials" title="American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials">American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sp.route.transportation.org/Documents/1999-USRN_Cmte.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Special+Committee+on+U.S.+Route+Numbering+to+the+Standing+Committee+on+Highways&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=American+Association+of+State+Highway+and+Transportation+Officials&rft.date=1999-04-17&rft.au=Special+Committee+on+U.S.+Route+Numbering&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsp.route.transportation.org%2FDocuments%2F1999-USRN_Cmte.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ranzenberger-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ranzenberger_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRanzenberger2008" class="citation news cs1">Ranzenberger, Mark (April 27, 2008). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_action=doc&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date:D&p_product=AWNB&p_text_direct-0=document_id=(%2012050B7ED0067678%20)&p_docid=12050B7ED0067678&p_theme=aggdocs&p_queryname=12050B7ED0067678&f_openurl=yes&p_nbid=V5CS57OSMTM2NTUzMjcwNC43MjYwMDU6MTo4OnJhLTUwODgw&&p_multi=MPMB">"US 127 Signs Getting Updated"</a></span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morning_Sun_(Mount_Pleasant)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morning Sun (Mount Pleasant) (page does not exist)">The Morning Sun</a></i>. Mount Pleasant, MI. pp. 1A, 6A. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/22378715">22378715</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2012</span> – via <a href="/wiki/NewsBank" title="NewsBank">NewsBank</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Morning+Sun&rft.atitle=US+127+Signs+Getting+Updated&rft.pages=1A%2C+6A&rft.date=2008-04-27&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F22378715&rft.aulast=Ranzenberger&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com%2Fiw-search%2Fwe%2FInfoWeb%3Fp_action%3Ddoc%26p_topdoc%3D1%26p_docnum%3D1%26p_sort%3DYMD_date%3AD%26p_product%3DAWNB%26p_text_direct-0%3Ddocument_id%3D%28%252012050B7ED0067678%2520%29%26p_docid%3D12050B7ED0067678%26p_theme%3Daggdocs%26p_queryname%3D12050B7ED0067678%26f_openurl%3Dyes%26p_nbid%3DV5CS57OSMTM2NTUzMjcwNC43MjYwMDU6MTo4OnJhLTUwODgw%26%26p_multi%3DMPMB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27pr-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-27pr_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-27pr_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebnarBott2002" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Debnar, Kari & Bott, Mark (January 14, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michiganhighways.org/indepth/US-27_deleted_MDOT_PressRelease.pdf">"US 27 Designation Soon To Be Deleted from Michigan Highways"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). Michigan Department of Transportation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+27+Designation+Soon+To+Be+Deleted+from+Michigan+Highways&rft.pub=Michigan+Department+of+Transportation&rft.date=2002-01-14&rft.aulast=Debnar&rft.aufirst=Kari&rft.au=Bott%2C+Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.michiganhighways.org%2Findepth%2FUS-27_deleted_MDOT_PressRelease.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_Jersey_Department_of_Transportation" class="citation sign cs1"><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Department_of_Transportation" title="New Jersey Department of Transportation">New Jersey Department of Transportation</a>. <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NJ_guide_sign.jpg"><i>Signage for US 1/9, NJ 21, US 22, and I-78</i></a> (Highway guide sign). Newark, NJ: New Jersey Department of Transportation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Signage+for+US+1%2F9%2C+NJ+21%2C+US+22%2C+and+I-78&rft.place=Newark%2C+NJ&rft.pub=New+Jersey+Department+of+Transportation&rft.au=New+Jersey+Department+of+Transportation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ANJ_guide_sign.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-renumbering-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-renumbering_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gbcnet.com/ushighways/history/1964_route_renumbering.pdf">"Route Renumbering: New Green Markers Will Replaces Old Shields"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>California Highways and Public Works</i>. <b>43</b> (1–2): 11–14. March–April 1964. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0008-1159">0008-1159</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+Highways+and+Public+Works&rft.atitle=Route+Renumbering%3A+New+Green+Markers+Will+Replaces+Old+Shields&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=11-14&rft.date=1964-03%2F1964-04&rft.issn=0008-1159&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gbcnet.com%2Fushighways%2Fhistory%2F1964_route_renumbering.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcurrency+%28road%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concurrency_(road)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Road_types" title="Template:Road types"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Road_types" title="Template talk:Road types"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Road_types" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Road types"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Road_hierarchy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Road</a> <a href="/wiki/Road_hierarchy" title="Road hierarchy">hierarchy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_road" title="Types of road">Types of road</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Limited-access_road" title="Limited-access road">Limited-access</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_highway" title="Bicycle highway">Bicycle highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">Freeway / Motorway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_carriageway" title="Dual carriageway">Dual carriageway / Divided highway / Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevated_highway" title="Elevated highway">Elevated highway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Limited-access_roads_by_country" title="Category:Limited-access roads by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Australia" title="Highways in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Belgium#Road_transport" title="Transport in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Highway_System" title="Brazilian Highway System">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Canada" title="Roads in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressways_of_China" title="Expressways of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Croatia" title="Highways in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Highways in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autobahn" title="Autobahn">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Greece" title="Highways in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_and_roads_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of streets and roads in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_India" title="Roads in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-quality_dual_carriageway" title="High-quality dual carriageway">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Italy" title="Roads in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_roads_in_Nepal" title="List of roads in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Pakistan" title="Roads in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Poland" title="Highways in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Portugal" title="Roads in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Spain" title="Highways in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_system_in_Taiwan" title="Highway system in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Roads in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_the_United_States" title="Numbered highways in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arterial_road" title="Arterial road">Arterial road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collector_road" title="Collector road">Collector road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_highway" title="County highway">County highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local%E2%80%93express_lanes" title="Local–express lanes">Express–collector setup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm-to-market_road" title="Farm-to-market road">Farm-to-market road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_road" title="Link road">Link road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-lane_expressway" title="Two-lane expressway">Two-lane expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2%2B1_road" title="2+1 road">2+1 road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2%2B2_road" title="2+2 road">2+2 road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkway" title="Parkway">Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_road" title="Ring road">Ring road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_two" title="Super two">Super two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunk_road" title="Trunk road">Trunk road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_systems_by_country" title="Highway systems by country">Highway systems by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Alley</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_(landscape)" title="Avenue (landscape)">Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_road" title="Back road">Back road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_boulevard" title="Bicycle boulevard">Bicycle boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard" title="Boulevard">Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_lane" title="Country lane">Country lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_end_street" title="Dead end street">Dead end</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driveway" title="Driveway">Driveway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontage_road" title="Frontage road">Frontage road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_lane_(road)" title="Green lane (road)">Green lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Street" title="Main Street">Main street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_road" title="Primitive road">Primitive road</a></li> <li>Road</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_road" title="Side road">Side road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_carriageway" title="Single carriageway">Single carriageway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-track_road" title="Single-track road">Single-track road</a></li> <li>Street</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunken_lane" title="Sunken lane">Sunken lane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Concurrency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detour" title="Detour">Detour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_hierarchy" title="Road hierarchy">Road hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_highway" title="Private highway">Private highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Route_number" title="Route number">Route number</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_route" title="Special route">special route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_route" title="Business route">business route</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_hierarchy" title="Street hierarchy">Street hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroad" title="Stroad">Stroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toll_road" title="Toll road">Toll road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_road" title="Winter road">Winter road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Road_junction" title="Road junction">Road junctions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Interchange_(road)" title="Interchange (road)">Interchanges</a><br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Grade_separation" title="Grade separation">grade-separated</a>)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloverleaf_interchange" title="Cloverleaf interchange">Cloverleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_interchange" title="Diamond interchange">Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-flow_interchange" title="Free-flow interchange">Free-flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchange_(road)#Directional_T_interchange" title="Interchange (road)">Directional T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diverging_diamond_interchange" title="Diverging diamond interchange">Diverging diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partial_cloverleaf_interchange" title="Partial cloverleaf interchange">Parclo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raindrop_interchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Raindrop interchange">Raindrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundabout_interchange" title="Roundabout interchange">Roundabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-point_urban_interchange" title="Single-point urban interchange">Single-point urban (SPUI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stack_interchange" title="Stack interchange">Stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-level_diamond_interchange" title="Three-level diamond interchange">Three-level diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchange_(road)#Trumpet_interchange" title="Interchange (road)">Trumpet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Intersection_(road)" title="Intersection (road)">Intersections<br /><span class="nobold">(at-grade)</span></a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three-way_junction" title="Three-way junction">3-way junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowtie_(road)" title="Bowtie (road)">Bowtie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_junction" title="Box junction">Box junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channelization_(roads)" title="Channelization (roads)">Channelization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous-flow_intersection" title="Continuous-flow intersection">Continuous flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_turn" title="Hook turn">Hook turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jughandle" title="Jughandle">Jughandle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_left" title="Michigan left">Michigan left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offset_T-intersection" title="Offset T-intersection">Offset T-intersection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_intersection" title="Protected intersection">Protected intersection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrant_roadway_intersection" title="Quadrant roadway intersection">Quadrant roadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-in/right-out" title="Right-in/right-out">Right-in/right-out (RIRO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundabout" title="Roundabout">Roundabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seagull_intersection" title="Seagull intersection">Seagull intersection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_intersection" title="Split intersection">Split intersection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstreet" title="Superstreet">Superstreet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_U-turn" title="Texas U-turn">Texas U-turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnaround_(road)" title="Turnaround (road)">Turnaround</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Road_surface" title="Road surface">Surfaces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asphalt_concrete" title="Asphalt concrete">Asphalt concrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioasphalt" title="Bioasphalt">Bioasphalt</a></li> <li>Brick</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipseal" title="Chipseal">Chipseal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobblestone" title="Cobblestone">Cobblestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete#Roads" title="Concrete">Concrete</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reinforced_concrete" title="Reinforced concrete">Reinforced concrete</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corduroy_road" title="Corduroy road">Corduroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_cracking" title="Crocodile cracking">Crocodile cracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crushed_stone" title="Crushed stone">Crushed stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_grinding_of_pavement" title="Diamond grinding of pavement">Diamond grinding of pavement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirt_road" title="Dirt road">Dirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_depth_recycling" title="Full depth recycling">Full depth recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassphalt" title="Glassphalt">Glassphalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravel_road" title="Gravel road">Gravel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_road" title="Ice road">Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macadam" title="Macadam">Macadam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavement_milling" title="Pavement milling">Pavement milling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permeable_paving" title="Permeable paving">Permeable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plank_road" title="Plank road">Plank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_road" title="Plastic road">Plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubberized_asphalt" title="Rubberized asphalt">Rubberized asphalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sealcoat" title="Sealcoat">Sealcoat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sett_(paving)" title="Sett (paving)">Sett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamped_asphalt" title="Stamped asphalt">Stamped asphalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarmacadam" title="Tarmacadam">Tarmac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_texture" title="Road texture">Texture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Road_traffic_safety" title="Road traffic safety">Road safety<br />factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road and<br />environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaplaning" title="Aquaplaning">Aquaplaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche" title="Avalanche">Avalanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_ice" title="Black ice">Black ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleeding_(roads)" title="Bleeding (roads)">Bleeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosswind" title="Crosswind">Crosswind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Man%27s_Curve" title="Dead Man's Curve">Dead Man's Curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_joint" title="Expansion joint">Expansion joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fog" title="Fog">Fog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_(crossing)" title="Ford (crossing)">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairpin_turn" title="Hairpin turn">Hairpin turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Level_crossing" title="Level crossing">Level crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhole_cover" title="Manhole cover">Manhole cover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_spill" title="Oil spill">Oil spill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oversize_load" title="Oversize load">Oversize load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothole" title="Pothole">Pothole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_debris" title="Road debris">Road debris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_slipperiness" title="Road slipperiness">Road slipperiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_train" title="Road train">Road train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadkill" title="Roadkill">Roadkill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockfall" title="Rockfall">Rockfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rut_(roads)" title="Rut (roads)">Rut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_bump" title="Speed bump">Speed bump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_drain" title="Storm drain">Storm drain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_light" title="Traffic light">Traffic light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_sign" title="Traffic sign">Traffic sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washboarding" title="Washboarding">Washboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washout_(erosion)" title="Washout (erosion)">Washout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteout_(weather)" title="Whiteout (weather)">Whiteout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_squall" title="Snow squall">Snow squall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Traffic_psychology" title="Traffic psychology">Human factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Driver%27s_education" title="Driver's education">Driver's education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_under_the_influence" title="Driving under the influence">Driving under the influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drowsy_driving" title="Drowsy driving">Drowsy driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_rage" title="Road rage">Road rage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-vehicle_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-vehicle crash">Single-vehicle crash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airbag" title="Airbag">Airbag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_safety" title="Automotive safety">Automotive safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seat_belt" title="Seat belt">Seat belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_compensation#Road_transport" title="Risk compensation">Risk compensation (road transport)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underride_guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Underride guard">Underride guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Traffic#Rules_of_the_road" title="Traffic">Space and<br />time allocation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrier_transfer_machine" title="Barrier transfer machine">Barrier transfer machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_lane" title="Bike lane">Bike lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_lane" title="Climbing lane">Climbing lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complete_streets" title="Complete streets">Complete streets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contraflow_lane" title="Contraflow lane">Contraflow lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contraflow_lane_reversal" title="Contraflow lane reversal">Contraflow lane reversal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-occupancy_toll_lane" title="High-occupancy toll lane">High-occupancy toll lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-occupancy_vehicle_lane" title="High-occupancy vehicle lane">High-occupancy vehicle lane</a></li> <li>Lane</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_street" title="Living street">Living street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managed_lane" title="Managed lane">Managed lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Median_strip" title="Median strip">Median / Central reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_lane" title="Motorcycle lane">Motorcycle lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passing_lane" title="Passing lane">Passing lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_crossing" title="Pedestrian crossing">Pedestrian crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_zone" title="Pedestrian zone">Pedestrian zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_island" title="Refuge island">Refuge island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversible_lane" title="Reversible lane">Reversible lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_diet" title="Road diet">Road diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_verge" title="Road verge">Road verge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runaway_truck_ramp" title="Runaway truck ramp">Runaway truck ramp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_space" title="Shared space">Shared space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewalk" title="Sidewalk">Sidewalk / Pavement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_(road)" title="Shoulder (road)">Shoulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_running_train" title="Street running train">Street-running railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_calming" title="Traffic calming">Traffic calming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Traffic directionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_island" title="Traffic island">Traffic island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_lanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Traffic lanes">Traffic lanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_signal_preemption" title="Traffic signal preemption">Traffic signal preemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truck_bypass" title="Truck bypass">Truck bypass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unused_highway" title="Unused highway">Unused highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_outside_lane" title="Wide outside lane">Wide outside lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woonerf" title="Woonerf">Woonerf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demarcation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bollard" title="Bollard">Bollard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botts%27_dots" title="Botts' dots">Botts' dots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_barrier" title="Cable barrier">Cable barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%27s_eye_(road)" title="Cat's eye (road)">Cat's eye (road)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_step_barrier" title="Concrete step barrier">Concrete step barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant-slope_barrier" title="Constant-slope barrier">Constant-slope barrier</a></li> <li>Curb</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-shape_barrier" title="F-shape barrier">F-shape barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guard_rail" title="Guard rail">Guard rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_barrier" title="Jersey barrier">Jersey barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassel_kerb" title="Kassel kerb">Kassel kerb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_barrier" title="Noise barrier">Noise barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised_pavement_marker" title="Raised pavement marker">Raised pavement marker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_surface_marking" title="Road surface marking">Road surface marking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumble_strip" title="Rumble strip">Rumble strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_barrier" title="Traffic barrier">Traffic barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_cone" title="Traffic cone">Traffic cone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bridge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causeway" title="Causeway">Causeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpass" title="Overpass">Overpass / Flyover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">Underpass / Tunnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performance<br />indicators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pavement_condition_index" title="Pavement condition index">Pavement condition index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_roughness_index" title="International roughness index">International roughness index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Present_serviceability_index" title="Present serviceability index">Present serviceability index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavement_performance_modeling" title="Pavement performance modeling">Pavement performance modeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granular_base_equivalency" title="Granular base equivalency">Granular base equivalency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_road_transport_terms" title="Glossary of road transport terms">Glossary of road transport terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_road_types_by_features" class="mw-redirect" title="List of road types by features">Road types by features</a></li></ul> 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